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The 1913 Webster Unabridged Dictionary: Letters F, G & H
February, 1999 [Etext #663]

The Project Gutenberg Etext of The 1913 Webster Unabridged Dictionary
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<! Begin file 4 of 11: F, G, and H. (Version 0.50) of
          An electronic field-marked version of:

         Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary
                 Version published 1913
               by the C. & G. Merriam Co.
                   Springfield, Mass.
                 Under the direction of
                Noah Porter, D.D., LL.D.

This electronic version was prepared by MICRA, Inc. of Plainfield, NJ. Last edit February 11, 1999.

MICRA, Inc. makes no proprietary claims on this version of the 1913 Webster dictionary. If the original printed edition of the 1913 Webster is in the public domain, this version may also be considered as public domain.

    This version is only a first typing, and has numerous typographic errors, including errors in the field-marks. Assistance in bringing this dictionary to a more accurate and useful state will be greatly appreciated.
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!>

<p><! p. 535 !></p>

<p><point26>F.</point26></p>

<p><hw>F</hw> (&ebreve;f). <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>F is the sixth letter of the English alphabet, and a nonvocal consonant. Its form and sound are from the Latin. The Latin borrowed the form from the Greek digamma &?;, which probably had the value of English <i>w</i> consonant. The form and value of Greek letter came from the Ph&oelig;nician, the ultimate source being probably Egyptian. Etymologically <i>f</i> is most closely related to <i>p</i>, <i>k</i>, <i>v</i>, and <i>b</i>; as in E. <i>f</i>ive, Gr. <grk>pe`nte</grk>; E. wol<i>f</i>, L. lu<i>p</i>us, Gr. <grk>ly`kos</grk>; E. <i>f</i>ox, <i>v</i>ixen ; <i>f</i>ragile, <i>b</i>reak; <i>f</i>ruit, <i>b</i>rook, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>; E. <i>b</i>ear, L. <i>f</i>erre. See <i>Guide to Pronunciation</i>, &sect;&sect; 178, 179, 188, 198, 230.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Mus.)</i> <def>The name of the fourth tone of the model scale, or scale of C. F sharp (F &sharp;) is a tone intermediate between F and G.</def></p>

<p><col><b>F clef</b></col>, <cd>the bass clef. See under <u>Clef</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fa</hw> (f&auml;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [It.] <i>(Mus.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A syllable applied to the fourth tone of the diatonic scale in solmization.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The tone F.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fa*ba"ceous</hw> (f&adot;*b&amacr;"sh&ubreve;s), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>fabaceus</i>, fr. <i>faba</i> bean.] <def>Having the nature of a bean; like a bean.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Fa*bel"la</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Fabellae</b></plw> (-l&?;). [NL., dim. of L. <i>faba</i> a bean.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>One of the small sesamoid bones situated behind the condyles of the femur, in some mammals.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fa"bi*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>Fabianus</i>, <i>Fabius</i>, belonging to Fabius.] <def>Of, pertaining to, or in the manner of, the Roman general, Quintus Fabius Maximus Verrucosus; cautious; dilatory; avoiding a decisive contest.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Fabian policy</b></col>, <cd>a policy like that of Fabius Maximus, who, by carefully avoiding decisive contests, foiled Hannibal, harassing his army by marches, countermarches, and ambuscades; a policy of delays and cautions.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fa"ble</hw> (f&amacr;"b'l), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., fr. L. <i>fabula</i>, fr. <i>fari</i> to speak, say. See <u>Ban</u>, and cf. <u>Fabulous</u>, <u>Fame</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A Feigned story or tale, intended to instruct or amuse; a fictitious narration intended to enforce some useful truth or precept; an apologue. See the Note under <u>Apologue</u>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Jotham's <i>fable</i> of the trees is the oldest extant.</blockquote> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The plot, story, or connected series of events, forming the subject of an epic or dramatic poem.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The moral is the first business of the poet; this being formed, he contrives such a design or <i>fable</i> as may be most suitable to the moral.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Any story told to excite wonder; common talk; the theme of talk.</def> "Old wives' <i>fables</i>. " <i>1 Tim. iv. 7.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>We grew<BR> The <i>fable</i> of the city where we dwelt.</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Fiction; untruth; falsehood.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>It would look like a <i>fable</i> to report that this gentleman gives away a great fortune by secret methods.</blockquote> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fa"ble</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Fabled</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Fabling</u> (?).] <def>To compose fables; hence, to write or speak fiction ; to write or utter what is not true.</def> "He <i>Fables</i> not." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Vain now the tales which <i>fabling</i> poets tell.</blockquote> <i>Prior.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>He <i>fables</i>, yet speaks truth.</blockquote> <i>M. Arnold.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fa"ble</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To feign; to invent; to devise, and speak of, as true or real; to tell of falsely.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The hell thou <i>fablest</i>.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fa"bler</hw> (f&amacr;"bl&etilde;r), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A writer of fables; a fabulist; a dealer in untruths or falsehoods.</def> <i>Bp. Hall.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Fa`bli`au"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Fabliaux</b></plw> (-&osl;"). [F., fr. OF. <i>fablel</i>, dim. of <i>fable</i> a fable.] <i>(Fr. Lit.)</i> <def>One of the metrical tales of the Trouv&egrave;res, or early poets of the north of France.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fab"ric</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>fabrica</i> fabric, workshop: cf. F. <i>fabrique</i> fabric. See <u>Forge</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The structure of anything; the manner in which the parts of a thing are united; workmanship; texture; make; as cloth of a beautiful <i>fabric</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>That which is fabricated</def>; as: <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>Framework; structure; edifice; building.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Anon out of the earth a <i>fabric</i> huge<BR> Rose like an exhalation.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>Cloth of any kind that is woven or knit from fibers, either vegetable or animal; manufactured cloth; as, silks or other <i>fabrics</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>The act of constructing; construction.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Tithe was received by the bishop, . . . for the <i>fabric</i> of the churches for the poor.</blockquote> <i>Milman.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Any system or structure consisting of connected parts; as, the <i>fabric</i> of the universe.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The whole vast <i>fabric</i> of society.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fab"ric</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Fabricked</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Fabricking</u>.] <def>To frame; to build; to construct.</def> [Obs.] "<i>Fabric</i> their mansions." <i>J. Philips.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fab"ri*cant</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F.] <def>One who fabricates; a manufacturer.</def> <i>Simmonds.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fab"ri*cate</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Fabricated</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Fabricating</u> (?).] [L. <i>fabricatus</i>, p. p. of <i>fabricari</i>, <i>fabricare</i>, to frame, build, forge, fr. <i>fabrica</i>. See <u>Fabric</u>, <u>Farge</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To form into a whole by uniting its parts; to frame; to construct; to build; as, to <i>fabricate</i> a bridge or ship.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To form by art and labor; to manufacture; to produce; as, to <i>fabricate</i> woolens.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To invent and form; to forge; to devise falsely; as, to <i>fabricate</i> a lie or story.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Our books were not <i>fabricated</i> with an accomodation to prevailing usages.</blockquote> <i>Paley.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fab`ri*ca"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>fabricatio</i>; cf. F. <i>fabrication</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of fabricating, framing, or constructing; construction; manufacture; as, the <i>fabrication</i> of a bridge, a church, or a government.</def> <i>Burke.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>That which is fabricated; a falsehood; as, the story is doubtless a <i>fabrication</i>.</def></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — See <u>Fiction</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Fab"ri*ca`tor</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L.] <def>One who fabricates; one who constructs or makes.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>fabricator</i> of the works of Ossian.</blockquote> <i>Mason.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fab"ri*ca`tress</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A woman who fabricates.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fab"rile</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>fabrilis</i>, fr. <i>faber</i> workman. See <u>Forge</u>.] <def>Pertaining to a workman, or to work in stone, metal, wood etc.; as, <i>fabrile</i> skill.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fab"u*list</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>fabuliste</i>, fr. L. <i>fabula</i>. See <u>Fable</u>.] <def>One who invents or writes fables.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fab"u*lize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Fabulized</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Fabulizing</u> (?).] [Cf. F. <i>fabuliser</i>. See <u>Fable</u>.] <def>To invent, compose, or relate fables or fictions.</def> <i>G. S. Faber.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fab`u*los"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>fabulositas</i>: cf. F. <i>fabulosit&eacute;</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Fabulousness.</def> [R.] <i>Abp. Abbot.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A fabulous or fictitious story.</def> [R.] <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fab"u*lous</hw> (f&abreve;b"&usl;*l&ubreve;s), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>fabulosus</i>; cf. F. <i>fabuleux</i>. See <u>Fable</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Feigned, as a story or fable; related in fable; devised; invented; not real; fictitious; as, a <i>fabulous</i> description; a <i>fabulous</i> hero.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>fabulous</i> birth of Minerva.</blockquote> <i>Chesterfield.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Passing belief; exceedingly great; as, a <i>fabulous</i> price.</def> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Fabulous age</b></col>, <cd>that period in the history of a nation of which the only accounts are myths and unverified legends; as, the <i>fabulous</i> age of Greece and Rome.</cd></p>

<p>— <wf>Fab"u*lous*ly</wf> (#), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Fab"u*lous*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Fab"ur*den</hw> (f&abreve;b"&ubreve;r*d<i>e</i>n), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>faux bourdon</i>. See <u>False</u>, and <u>Burden</u> a verse.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Mus.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A species of counterpoint with a drone bass.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A succession of chords of the sixth.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A monotonous refrain.</def> [Obs.] <i>Holland.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fac</hw> (f&abreve;k), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Abbrev. of <i>facsimile</i>.] <def>A large ornamental letter used, esp. by the early printers, at the commencement of the chapters and other divisions of a book.</def> <i>Brande & C.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Fa`&ccedil;ade"</hw> (f&adot;`s&adot;d" <i>or</i> f&adot;`s&amacr;d"), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., fr. It. <i>facciata</i>, fr. <i>faccia</i> face, L. <i>facies</i>. See <u>Face</u>.] <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>The front of a building; esp., the principal front, having some architectural pretensions. Thus a church is said to have its <i>fa&ccedil;ade</i> unfinished, though the interior may be in use.</def></p>

<p><hw>Face</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., from L. <i>facies</i> form, shape, face, perh. from <i>facere</i> to make (see <u>Fact</u>); or perh. orig. meaning <i>appearance</i>, and from a root meaning <i>to shine</i>, and akin to E. <i>fancy</i>. Cf. <u>Facetious</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The exterior form or appearance of anything; that part which presents itself to the view; especially, the front or upper part or surface; that which particularly offers itself to the view of a spectator.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A mist . . . watered the whole <i>face</i> of the ground.</blockquote> <i>Gen. ii. 6.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Lake Leman wooes me with its crystal <i>face</i>.</blockquote> <i>Byron.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>That part of a body, having several sides, which may be seen from one point, or which is presented toward a certain direction; one of the bounding planes of a solid; as, a cube has six <i>faces</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Mach.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The principal dressed surface of a plate, disk, or pulley; the principal flat surface of a part or object.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>That part of the acting surface of a cog in a cog wheel, which projects beyond the pitch line.</def> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <def>The width of a pulley, or the length of a cog from end to end; as, a pulley or cog wheel of ten inches <i>face</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Print.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The upper surface, or the character upon the surface, of a type, plate, etc.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The style or cut of a type or font of type.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>Outside appearance; surface show; look; external aspect, whether natural, assumed, or acquired.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>To set a <i>face</i> upon their own malignant design.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>This would produce a new <i>face</i> of things in Europe.</blockquote> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>We wear a <i>face</i> of joy, because<BR> We have been glad of yore.</blockquote> <i>Wordsworth.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>That part of the head, esp. of man, in which the eyes, cheeks, nose, and mouth are situated; visage; countenance.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>In the sweat of thy <i>face</i> shalt thou eat bread.</blockquote> <i>Gen. iii. 19.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <def>Cast of features; expression of countenance; look; air; appearance.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>We set the best <i>face</i>on it we could.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>8.</b></sn> <i>(Astrol.)</i> <def>Ten degrees in extent of a sign of the zodiac.</def> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>9.</b></sn> <def>Maintenance of the countenance free from abashment or confusion; confidence; boldness; shamelessness; effrontery.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>This is the man that has the <i>face</i> to charge others with false citations.</blockquote> <i>Tillotson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>10.</b></sn> <def>Presence; sight; front; as in the phrases, <i>before the face of</i>, in the immediate presence of; <i>in the face of</i>, before, in, or against the front of; as, to fly <i>in the face of</i> danger; <i>to the face of</i>, directly to; <i>from the face of</i>, from the presence of.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>11.</b></sn> <def>Mode of regard, whether favorable or unfavorable; favor or anger; mostly in Scriptural phrases.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The Lord make his <i>face</i> to shine upon thee.</blockquote> <i>Num. vi. 25.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>My <i>face</i> [favor] will I turn also from them.</blockquote> <i>Ezek. vii. 22.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>12.</b></sn> <i>(Mining)</i> <def>The end or wall of the tunnel, drift, or excavation, at which work is progressing or was last done.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>13.</b></sn> <i>(Com.)</i> <def>The exact amount expressed on a bill, note, bond, or other mercantile paper, without any addition for interest or reduction for discount.</def> <i>McElrath.</i></p>

<p>&fist; <i>Face</i> is used either adjectively or as part of a compound; as, <i>face</i> guard or <i>face</i>-guard; <i>face</i> cloth; <i>face</i> plan or <i>face</i>-plan; <i>face</i> hammer.</p>

<p><col><b>Face ague</b></col> <i>(Med.)</i>, <cd>a form of neuralgia, characterized by acute lancinating pains returning at intervals, and by twinges in certain parts of the face, producing convulsive twitches in the corresponding muscles; — called also <i>tic douloureux</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Face card</b></col>, <cd>one of a pack of playing cards on which a human face is represented; the king, queen, or jack.</cd> — <col><b>Face cloth</b></col>, <cd>a cloth laid over the face of a corpse.</cd> — <col><b>Face guard</b></col>, <cd>a mask with windows for the eyes, worn by workman exposed to great heat, or to flying particles of metal, stone, etc., as in glass works, foundries, etc.</cd> — <col><b>Face hammer</b></col>, <cd>a hammer having a flat face.</cd> — <col><b>Face joint</b></col> <i>(Arch.)</i>, <cd>a joint in the face of a wall or other structure.</cd> — <col><b>Face mite</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;ll.)</i>, <cd>a small, elongated mite (<i>Demdex folliculorum</i>), parasitic in the hair follicles of the face.</cd> — <col><b>Face mold</b></col>, <cd>the templet or pattern by which carpenters, ect., outline the forms which are to be cut out from boards, sheet metal, ect.</cd> — <col><b>Face plate</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <i>(Turning)</i> <cd>A plate attached to the spindle of a lathe, to which the work to be turned may be attached.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>A covering plate for an object, to receive wear or shock.</cd> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <cd>A true plane for testing a dressed surface.</cd> <i>Knight.</i> — <col><b>Face wheel</b></col>. <i>(Mach.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>A crown wheel.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>A Wheel whose disk face is adapted for grinding and polishing; a lap.</cd></p>

<p> <col><b>Cylinder face</b></col> <i>(Steam Engine)</i>, <cd>the flat part of a steam cylinder on which a slide valve moves.</cd> — <col><b>Face of an anvil</b></col>, <cd>its flat upper surface.</cd> — <col><b>Face of a bastion</b></col> <i>(Fort.)</i>, <cd>the part between the salient and the shoulder angle.</cd> — <col><b>Face of coal</b></col> <i>(Mining)</i>, <cd>the principal cleavage plane, at right angles to the stratification.</cd> — <col><b>Face of a gun</b></col>, <cd>the surface of metal at the muzzle.</cd> — <col><b>Face of a place</b></col> <i>(Fort.)</i>, <cd>the front comprehended between the flanked angles of two neighboring bastions.</cd> <i>Wilhelm.</i> — <col><b>Face of a square</b></col> <i>(Mil.)</i>, <cd>one of the sides of a battalion when formed in a square.</cd> — <col><b>Face of a</b></col> <col><b>watch, clock, compass, card etc.</b></col>, <cd>the dial or graduated surface on which a pointer indicates the time of day, point of the compass, etc.</cd> — <col><b>Face to face</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>In the presence of each other; as, to bring the accuser and the accused <i>face to face</i>.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>Without the interposition of any body or substance.</cd> "Now we see through a glass darkly; but then <i>face to face</i>." 1 <i>Cor. xiii. 12.</i> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <cd>With the faces or finished surfaces turned inward or toward one another; <i>vis &agrave; vis</i>; — opposed to <i>back to back</i>.</cd> — <col><b>To fly in the face of</b></col>, <cd>to defy; to brave; to withstand.</cd> — <col><b>To make a face</b></col>, <cd>to distort the countenance; to make a grimace.</cd> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Face</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Faced</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Facing</u> (?).] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To meet in front; to oppose with firmness; to resist, or to meet for the purpose of stopping or opposing; to confront; to encounter; as, to <i>face</i> an enemy in the field of battle.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I'll <i>face</i><BR> This tempest, and deserve the name of king.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To Confront impudently; to bully.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I will neither be <i>faced</i>nor braved.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To stand opposite to; to stand with the face or front toward; to front upon; as, the apartments of the general <i>faced</i> the park.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He gained also with his forces that part of Britain which <i>faces</i> Ireland.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To cover in front, for ornament, protection, etc.; to put a facing upon; as, a building <i>faced</i> with marble.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>To line near the edge, esp. with a different material; as, to <i>face</i> the front of a coat, or the bottom of a dress.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>To cover with better, or better appearing, material than the mass consists of, for purpose of deception, as the surface of a box of tea, a barrel of sugar, etc.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <i>(Mach.)</i> <def>To make the surface of (anything) flat or smooth; to dress the face of (a stone, a casting, etc.); esp., in turning, to shape or smooth the flat surface of, as distinguished from the cylindrical surface.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>8.</b></sn> <def>To cause to turn or present a face or front, as in a particular direction.</def></p>

<p><col><b>To face down</b></col>, <cd>to put down by bold or impudent opposition.</cd> "He <i>faced</i> men <i>down</i>." <i>Prior.</i> — <col><b>To face (a thing) out</b></col>, <cd>to persist boldly or impudently in an assertion or in a line of conduct.</cd> "That thinks with oaths <i>to face</i> the matter <i>out</i>." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Face</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To carry a false appearance; to play the hypocrite.</def> "To lie, to <i>face</i>, to forge." <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To turn the face; as, to <i>face</i> to the right or left.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Face</i> about, man; a soldier, and afraid!</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To present a face or front.</def></p>

<p><hw>Faced</hw> (f&amacr;st), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having (such) a face, or (so many) faces; as, smooth-<i>faced</i>, two- <i>faced</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fa"cer</hw> (f&amacr;"s&etilde;r), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who faces; one who puts on a false show; a bold-faced person.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>There be no greater talkers, nor boasters, nor <i>fasers</i>.</blockquote> <i>Latimer.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A blow in the face, as in boxing; hence, any severe or stunning check or defeat, as in controversy.</def> [Collog.]</p>

<p><blockquote>I should have been a stercoraceous mendicant if I had hollowed when I got a <i>facer</i>.</blockquote> <i>C. Kingsley.</i></p>

<p><! p. 536 !></p>

<p><hw>Fac"et</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>facette</i>, dim. of <i>face</i> face. See <u>Face</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A little face; a small, plane surface; as, the <i>facets</i> of a diamond.</def> [Written also <i>facette</i>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>A smooth circumscribed surface; as, the articular <i>facet</i> of a bone.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>The narrow plane surface between flutings of a column.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of the numerous small eyes which make up the compound eyes of insects and crustaceans.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fac"et</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Faceted</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Faceting</u>.] <def>To cut facets or small faces upon; as, to <i>facet</i> a diamond.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fa*cete"</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>facetus</i> elegant, fine, facetious; akin to <i>facies</i>. See <u>Face</u>, and cf. <u>Facetious</u>.] <def>Facetious; witty; humorous.</def> [Archaic] "A <i>facete</i> discourse." <i>Jer. Taylor.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>"How to interpose" with a small, smart remark, sentiment <i>facete</i>, or unctuous anecdote.</blockquote> <i>Prof. Wilson.</i></p>

<p>— <wf>Fa*cete"ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Fa*cete"ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Fac"et*ed</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having facets.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Fa*ce"ti*&aelig;</hw> (&?;), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [L., fr. <i>facetus</i>. See <u>Facete</u>.] <def>Witty or humorous writings or saying; witticisms; merry conceits.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fa*ce"tious</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>fac&eacute;tieux</i>. See <u>Faceti&aelig;</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Given to wit and good humor; merry; sportive; jocular; as, a <i>facetious</i> companion.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Characterized by wit and pleasantry; exciting laughter; as, a <i>facetious</i> story or reply.</def></p>

<p>— <wf>Fa*ce"tious*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Fa*ce"tious*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Fa*cette"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F.] <def>See <u>Facet</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></def></p>

<p><hw>Face"work`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The material of the outside or front side, as of a wall or building; facing.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fa"ci*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>See <u>Fascia</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fa"cial</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [LL. <i>facialis</i>, fr. L. <i>facies</i> face : cf. F. <i>facial</i>.] <def>Of or pertaining to the face; as, the <i>facial</i> artery, vein, or nerve.</def> — <wf>Fa"cial*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><col><b>Facial angle</b></col> <i>(Anat.)</i>, <cd>the angle, in a skull, included between a straight line (<i>ab</i>, in the illustrations), from the most prominent part of the forehead to the front efge of the upper jaw bone, and another (<i>cd</i>) from this point to the center of the external auditory opening. See <i>Gnathic index</i>, under <u>Gnathic</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fa"ci*end</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From neut. of L. <i>faciendus</i>, gerundive of <i>facere</i> to do.] <i>(Mach.)</i> <def>The multiplicand. See <u>Facient</u>, 2.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fa"cient</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>faciens</i>, — <i>entis</i>, p. pr. of <i>facere</i> to make, do. See <u>Fact</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who does anything, good or bad; a doer; an agent.</def> [Obs.] <i>Bp. Hacket.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Mach.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>One of the variables of a quantic as distinguished from a coefficient.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The multiplier.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The terms <i>facient</i>, <i>faciend</i>, and <i>factum</i>, may imply that the multiplication involved is not ordinary multiplication, but is either some specified operation, or, in general, any mathematical operation. See <u>Multiplication</u>.</p>

<p><hw>||Fa"ci*es</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., from, face. See <u>Face</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The anterior part of the head; the face.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>The general aspect or habit of a species, or group of species, esp. with reference to its adaptation to its environment.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The face of a bird, or the front of the head, excluding the bill.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Facies Hippocratica</b></col>. <i>(Med.)</i> <cd>See <u>Hippocratic</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fac"ile</hw> (?) <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>facilis</i>, prop., capable of being done or made, hence, facile, easy, fr. <i>facere</i> to make, do: cf. F. <i>facile</i>. Srr <u>Fact</u>, and cf. <u>Faculty</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Easy to be done or performed: not difficult; performable or attainable with little labor.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Order . . . will render the work <i>facile</i> and delightful.</blockquote> <i>Evelyn.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Easy to be surmounted or removed; easily conquerable; readily mastered.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>facile</i> gates of hell too slightly barred.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Easy of access or converse; mild; courteous; not haughty, austere, or distant; affable; complaisant.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I meant she should be courteous, <i>facile</i>, sweet.</blockquote> <i>B. Jonson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Easily persuaded to good or bad; yielding; ductile to a fault; pliant; flexible.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Since Adam, and his <i>facile</i> consort Eve,<BR> Lost Paradise, deceived by me.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>This is treating Burns like a child, a person of so <i>facile</i> a disposition as not to be trusted without a keeper on the king's highway.</blockquote> <i>Prof. Wilson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>Ready; quick; expert; as, he is <i>facile</i> in expedients; he wields a <i>facile</i> pen.</def></p>

<p>— <wf>Fac"ile*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Fac"ile*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Fa*cil"i*tate</hw> (f&adot;*s&ibreve;l"&ibreve;*t&amacr;t), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Facilitated</u> (-t&amacr;`t&ebreve;d); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Facilitating</u> (-t&amacr;`t&ibreve;ng).] [Cf. F. <i>faciliter</i>. See <u>Facility</u>.] <def>To make easy or less difficult; to free from difficulty or impediment; to lessen the labor of; as, to <i>facilitate</i> the execution of a task.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>To invite and <i>facilitate</i> that line of proceeding which the times call for.</blockquote> <i>I. Taylor.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fa*cil`i*ta"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The act of facilitating or making easy.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fa*cil"i*ty</hw> (f&adot;*s&ibreve;l"&ibreve;*t&ybreve;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Facilities</b></plw> (- t&ibreve;z). [L. <i>facilitas</i>, fr. <i>facilis</i> easy: cf. F. <i>facilit&eacute;</i>. See <u>Facile</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The quality of being easily performed; freedom from difficulty; ease; as, the <i>facility</i> of an operation.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>facility</i> with which government has been overturned in France.</blockquote> <i>Burke.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Ease in performance; readiness proceeding from skill or use; dexterity; as, practice gives a wonderful <i>facility</i> in executing works of art.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Easiness to be persuaded; readiness or compliance; — usually in a bad sense; pliancy.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>It is a great error to take <i>facility</i> for good nature.</blockquote> <i>L'Estrange.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Easiness of access; complaisance; affability.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Offers himself to the visits of a friend with <i>facility</i>.</blockquote> <i>South.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>That which promotes the ease of any action or course of conduct; advantage; aid; assistance; — usually in the plural; as, special <i>facilities</i> for study.</def></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Ease; expertness; readiness; dexterity; complaisance; condescension; affability. — <u>Facility</u>, <u>Expertness</u>, <u>Readiness</u>. These words have in common the idea of performing any act with ease and promptitude. <i>Facility</i> supposes a natural or acquired power of dispatching a task with lightness and ease. <i>Expertness</i> is the kind of facility acquired by long practice. <i>Readiness</i> marks the promptitude with which anything is done. A merchant needs great <i>facility</i> in dispatching business; a banker, great <i>expertness</i> in casting accounts; both need great <i>readiness</i> in passing from one employment to another. "The <i>facility</i> which we get of doing things by a custom of doing, makes them often pass in us without our notice." <i>Locke.</i> "The army was celebrated for the <i>expertness</i> and valor of the soldiers." "A <i>readiness</i> to obey the known will of God is the surest means to enlighten the mind in respect to duty."</p>

<p><hw>Fa"cing</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A covering in front, for ornament or other purpose; an exterior covering or sheathing; as, the <i>facing</i> of an earthen slope, sea wall, etc. , to strengthen it or to protect or adorn the exposed surface.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A lining placed near the edge of a garment for ornament or protection.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>The finishing of any face of a wall with material different from that of which it is chiefly composed, or the coating or material so used.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Founding)</i> <def>A powdered substance, as charcoal, bituminous coal, ect., applied to the face of a mold, or mixed with the sand that forms it, to give a fine smooth surface to the casting.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <i>(Mil.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <i>pl.</i> <def>The collar and cuffs of a military coat; — commonly of a color different from that of the coat.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The movement of soldiers by turning on their heels to the right, left, or about; — chiefly in the <i>pl.</i></def></p>

<p><col><b>Facing brick</b></col>, <cd>front or pressed brick.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fa"cing*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a facing manner or position.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fa*cin"o*rous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>facinorous</i>, from <i>facinus</i> deed, bad deed, from <i>facere</i> to make, do.] <def>Atrociously wicked.</def> [Obs.] <i>Jer. Taylor.</i></p>

<p>— <wf>Fa*cin"o*rous*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Fac"ound</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>faconde</i>, L. <i>facundia</i>. See <u>Facund</u>.] <def>Speech; eloquence.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Her <i>facound</i> eke full womanly and plain.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fac*sim"i*le</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Facsimiles</b></plw> (-l&?;z). [L. <i>fac simile</i> make like; or an abbreviation of <i>factum simile</i> made like; <i>facere</i> to make + <i>similes</i> like. See <u>Fact</u>, and <u>Simile</u>.] <def>A copy of anything made, either so as to be deceptive or so as to give every part and detail of the original; an exact copy or likeness.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Facsimile telegraph</b></col>, <cd>a telegraphic apparatus reproducing messages in autograph.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fac*sim"i*le</hw>, (&?;), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To make a facsimile of.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fact</hw> (f&abreve;kt), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>factum</i>, fr. <i>facere</i> to make or do. Cf. <u>Feat</u>, <u>Affair</u>, <u>Benefit</u>, <u>Defect</u>, <u>Fashion</u>, and <u>-fy</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A doing, making, or preparing.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>A project for the <i>fact</i> and vending<BR> Of a new kind of fucus, paint for ladies.</blockquote> <i>B. Jonson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>An effect produced or achieved; anything done or that comes to pass; an act; an event; a circumstance.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>What might instigate him to this devilish <i>fact</i>, I am not able to conjecture.</blockquote> <i>Evelyn.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>He who most excels in <i>fact</i> of arms.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Reality; actuality; truth; as, he, in <i>fact</i>, excelled all the rest; the <i>fact</i> is, he was beaten.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>The assertion or statement of a thing done or existing; sometimes, even when false, improperly put, by a transfer of meaning, for the thing done, or supposed to be done; a thing supposed or asserted to be done; as, history abounds with false <i>facts</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I do not grant the <i>fact</i>.</blockquote> <i>De Foe.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>This reasoning is founded upon a <i>fact</i> which is not true.</blockquote> <i>Roger Long.</i></p>

<p>&fist; The term <i>fact</i> has in jurisprudence peculiar uses in contrast with <i>law</i>; as, attorney at <i>law</i>, and attorney in <i>fact</i>; issue in <i>law</i>, and issue in <i>fact</i>. There is also a grand distinction between <i>law</i> and <i>fact</i> with reference to the province of the judge and that of the jury, the latter generally determining the <i>fact</i>, the former the <i>law</i>. <i>Burrill</i> <i>Bouvier.</i><BR> [1913 Webster]</p>

<p><col><b>Accessary before</b></col>, or <col><b>after</b></col>, <col><b>the fact</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Accessary</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Matter of fact</b></col>, <cd>an actual occurrence; a verity; used adjectively: of or pertaining to facts; prosaic; unimaginative; as, a <i>matter-of-fact</i> narration.</cd></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Act; deed; performance; event; incident; occurrence; circumstance.</p>

<p><hw>Fac"tion</hw> (f&abreve;k"sh&ubreve;n), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>factio</i> a doing, a company of persons acting together, a faction: cf. F. <i>faction</i> See <u>Fashion</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Anc. Hist.)</i> <def>One of the divisions or parties of charioteers (distinguished by their colors) in the games of the circus.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A party, in political society, combined or acting in union, in opposition to the government, or state; — usually applied to a minority, but it may be applied to a majority; a combination or clique of partisans of any kind, acting for their own interests, especially if greedy, clamorous, and reckless of the common good.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Tumult; discord; dissension.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>They remained at Newbury in great <i>faction</i> among themselves.</blockquote> <i>Clarendon.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Combination; clique; junto. See <u>Cabal</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Fac"tion*a*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>factionnaire</i>, L. <i>factionarius</i> the head of a company of charioteers.] <def>Belonging to a faction; being a partisan; taking sides.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Always <i>factionary</i> on the party of your general.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fac"tion*er</hw> (-?r), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One of a faction.</def> <i>Abp. Bancroft.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fac"tion*ist</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who promotes faction.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fac"tious</hw> (?). <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>factiosus</i>: cf. F. <i>factieux</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Given to faction; addicted to form parties and raise dissensions, in opposition to government or the common good; turbulent; seditious; prone to clamor against public measures or men; — said of persons.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Factious</i> for the house of Lancaster.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Pertaining to faction; proceeding from faction; indicating, or characterized by, faction; — said of acts or expressions; as, <i>factious</i> quarrels.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Headlong zeal or <i>factious</i> fury.</blockquote> <i>Burke.</i></p>

<p>— <wf>Fac"tious*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Fac"tious- ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Fac*ti"tious</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>factitius</i>, fr. <i>facere</i> to make. See <u>Fact</u>, and cf. <u>Fetich</u>.] <def>Made by art, in distinction from what is produced by nature; artificial; sham; formed by, or adapted to, an artificial or conventional, in distinction from a natural, standard or rule; not natural; as, <i>factitious</i> cinnabar or jewels; a <i>factitious</i> taste.</def> — <wf>Fac-ti"tious*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Fac*ti"tious-ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><blockquote>He acquires a <i>factitious</i> propensity, he forms an incorrigible habit, of desultory reading.</blockquote> <i>De Quincey.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Unnatural. — <u>Factitious</u>, <u>Unnatural</u>. Anything is <i>unnatural</i> when it departs in any way from its simple or normal state; it is <i>factitious</i> when it is wrought out or wrought up by labor and effort, as, a <i>factitious</i> excitement. An <i>unnatural</i> demand for any article of merchandise is one which exceeds the ordinary rate of consumption; a factitious demand is one created by active exertions for the purpose. An <i>unnatural</i> alarm is one greater than the occasion requires; a <i>factitious</i> alarm is one wrought up with care and effort.</p>

<p><hw>Fac"ti*tive</hw> (?). <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See <u>Fact</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Causing; causative.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Gram.)</i> <def>Pertaining to that relation which is proper when the act, as of a transitive verb, is not merely received by an object, but produces some change in the object, as when we say, He made the water wine.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Sometimes the idea of activity in a verb or adjective involves in it a reference to an effect, in the way of causality, in the active voice on the immediate objects, and in the passive voice on the subject of such activity. This second object is called the <i>factitive</i> object.</blockquote> <i>J. W. Gibbs.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fac"tive</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Making; having power to make.</def> [Obs.] "You are . . . <i>factive</i>, not destructive." <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Fac"to</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> [L., ablative of <i>factum</i> deed, fact.] <i>(Law)</i> <def>In fact; by the act or fact.</def></p>

<p><col><b>De facto</b></col>. <i>(Law)</i> <cd>See <u>De facto</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fac"tor</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>factor</i> a doer: cf. F. <i>facteur</i> a factor. See <u>Fact</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Law)</i> <def>One who transacts business for another; an agent; a substitute; especially, a mercantile agent who buys and sells goods and transacts business for others in commission; a commission merchant or consignee. He may be a home factor or a foreign factor. He may buy and sell in his own name, and he is intrusted with the possession and control of the goods; and in these respects he differs from a broker.</def> <i>Story.</i> <i>Wharton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>My <i>factor</i> sends me word, a merchant's fled<BR> That owes me for a hundred tun of wine.</blockquote> <i>Marlowe.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A steward or bailiff of an estate.</def> [Scot.] <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Math.)</i> <def>One of the elements or quantities which, when multiplied together, form a product.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>One of the elements, circumstances, or influences which contribute to produce a result; a constituent.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The materal and dynamical <i>factors</i> of nutrition.</blockquote> <i>H. Spencer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fac"tor</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Factored</u> (-t?rd); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Factoring</u>.] <i>(Mach.)</i> <def>To resolve (a quantity) into its factors.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fac"tor*age</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>factorage</i>.] <def>The allowance given to a factor, as a compensation for his services; — called also a <i>commission</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fac"tor*ess</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A factor who is a woman.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Fac*to"ri*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Of or pertaining to a factory.</def> <i>Buchanan.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Math.)</i> <def>Related to factorials.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fac*to"ri*al</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Math.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <i>pl.</i> <def>A name given to the factors of a continued product when the former are derivable from one and the same function F(x) by successively imparting a constant increment or decrement <i>h</i> to the independent variable. Thus the product <i>F(x).F(x + h).F(x + 2h) . . . F[x + (n-1)h]</i> is called a <i>factorial term</i>, and its several factors take the name of <i>factorials</i>.</def> <i>Brande & C.</i></p>

<p><sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The product of the consecutive numbers from unity up to any given number.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fac"tor*ing</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Math.)</i> <def>The act of resolving into factors.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fac"tor*ize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Factorized</u> (-?zd); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Factorizing</u> (-?"z?ng).] <i>(Law)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>To give warning to; — said of a person in whose hands the effects of another are attached, the warning being to the effect that he shall not pay the money or deliver the property of the defendant in his hands to him, but appear and answer the suit of the plaintiff.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>To attach (the effects of a debtor) in the hands of a third person ; to garnish. See <u>Garnish</u>.</def> [Vt. & Conn.]</p>

<p><hw>Fac"tor*ship</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The business of a factor.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fac"to*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Factories</b></plw> (-r&?;z). [Cf. F. <i>factorerie</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A house or place where factors, or commercial agents, reside, to transact business for their employers.</def> "The Company's <i>factory</i> at Madras." <i>Burke.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The body of factors in any place; as, a chaplain to a British <i>factory</i>.</def> <i>W. Guthrie.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A building, or collection of buildings, appropriated to the manufacture of goods; the place where workmen are employed in fabricating goods, wares, or utensils; a manufactory; as, a cotton <i>factory</i>.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Factory leg</b></col> <i>(Med.)</i>, <cd>a variety of bandy leg, associated with partial dislocation of the tibia, produced in young children by working in factories.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fac*to"tum</hw> (f&abreve;k*t&omacr;"t&ubreve;m), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Factotums</b></plw> (- t&ubreve;mz). [L., do everything; <i>facere</i> to do + <i>totus</i> all : cf. F. <i>factotum</i>. See <u>Fact</u>, and <u>Total</u>.] <def>A person employed to do all kinds of work or business.</def> <i>B. Jonson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fac"tu*al</hw> (f&abreve;k*t&usl;"<i>a</i>l), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Relating to, or containing, facts.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><! p. 537 !></p>

<p><hw>||Fac"tum</hw> (f&abreve;k"t&ubreve;m), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Facta</b></plw> (#). [L. See <u>Fact</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Law)</i> <def>A man's own act and deed</def>; particularly: <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <i>(Civil Law)</i> <def>Anything stated and made certain.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <i>(Testamentary Law)</i> <def>The due execution of a will, including everything necessary to its validity.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Mach.)</i> <def>The product. See <u>Facient</u>, 2.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fac"ture</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>facture</i> a making, invoice, L. <i>factura</i> a making. See <u>Fact</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act or manner of making or doing anything; — now used of a literary, musical, or pictorial production.</def> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Com.)</i> <def>An invoice or bill of parcels.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Fac"u*l&aelig;</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [L., pl. <i>of facula</i> a little torch.] <i>(Astron.)</i> <def>Groups of small shining spots on the surface of the sun which are brighter than the other parts of the photosphere. They are generally seen in the neighborhood of the dark spots, and are supposed to be elevated portions of the photosphere.</def> <i>Newcomb.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fac"u*lar</hw> (?) <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Astron.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to the facul&aelig;.</def> <i>R. A. Proctor.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fac"ul*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Faculties</b></plw> (#). [F. <i>facult&?;</i>, L. <i>facultas</i>, fr. <i>facilis</i> easy (cf. <i>facul</i> easily), fr. <i>fecere</i> to make. See <u>Fact</u>, and cf. <u>Facility</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Ability to act or perform, whether inborn or cultivated; capacity for any natural function; especially, an original mental power or capacity for any of the well-known classes of mental activity; psychical or soul capacity; capacity for any of the leading kinds of soul activity, as knowledge, feeling, volition; intellectual endowment or gift; power; as, <i>faculties</i> of the mind or the soul.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>But know that in the soul<BR> Are many lesser <i>faculties</i> that serve<BR> Reason as chief.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>What a piece of work is a man ! how noble in reason ! how infinite in <i>faculty</i> !</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Special mental endowment; characteristic knack.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He had a ready <i>faculty</i>, indeed, of escaping from any topic that agitated his too sensitive and nervous temperament.</blockquote> <i>Hawthorne.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Power; prerogative or attribute of office.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>This Duncan<BR> Hath borne his <i>faculties</i> so meek.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Privilege or permission, granted by favor or indulgence, to do a particular thing; authority; license; dispensation.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The pope . . . granted him a <i>faculty</i> to set him free from his promise.</blockquote> <i>Fuller.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>It had not only <i>faculty</i> to inspect all bishops' dioceses, but to change what laws and statutes they should think fit to alter among the colleges.</blockquote> <i>Evelyn.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>A body of a men to whom any specific right or privilege is granted; formerly, the graduates in any of the four departments of a university or college (Philosophy, Law, Medicine, or Theology), to whom was granted the right of teaching (<i>profitendi</i> or <i>docendi</i>) in the department in which they had studied; at present, the members of a profession itself; as, the medical <i>faculty</i>; the legal <i>faculty</i>, ect.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <i>(Amer. Colleges)</i> <def>The body of person to whom are intrusted the government and instruction of a college or university, or of one of its departments; the president, professors, and tutors in a college.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Dean of faculty</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Dean</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Faculty of advocates</b></col>. <i>(Scot.)</i> <cd>See under <u>Advocate</u>.</cd></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Talent; gift; endowment; dexterity; expertness; cleverness; readiness; ability; knack.</p>

<p><hw>Fac"und</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>facundus</i>, fr. <i>fari</i> to speak.] <def>Eloquent.</def> [Archaic]</p>

<p><hw>Fa*cun"di*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>facundiosus</i>.] <def>Eloquement; full of words.</def> [Archaic]</p>

<p><hw>Fa*cun"di*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>facunditas</i>.] <def>Eloquence; readiness of speech.</def> [Archaic]</p>

<p><hw>Fad</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. <u>Faddle</u>.] <def>A hobby ; freak; whim.</def> — <wf>Fad"dist</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><blockquote>It is your favorite <i>fad</i> to draw plans.</blockquote> <i>G. Eliot.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fad"dle</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [Cf. <u>Fiddle</u>, <u>Fiddle-faddle</u>.] <def>To trifle; to toy.</def> — <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To fondle; to dandle.</def> [Prov. Eng.] <i>Halliwell.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fade</hw> (?) <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [F., prob. fr. L. <i>vapidus</i> vapid, or possibly fr,<i>fatuus</i> foolish, insipid.] <def>Weak; insipid; tasteless; commonplace.</def> [R.] "Passages that are somewhat <i>fade</i>." <i>Jeffrey.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>His masculine taste gave him a sense of something <i>fade</i> and ludicrous.</blockquote> <i>De Quincey.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fade</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Faded</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Fading</u>.] [OE. <i>faden</i>, <i>vaden</i>, prob. fr. <i>fade</i>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>; cf. Prov. D. <i>vadden</i> to fade, wither, <i>vaddigh languid</i>, <i>torpid</i>. Cf. <u>Fade</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>, <u>Vade</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To become fade; to grow weak; to lose strength; to decay; to perish gradually; to wither, as a plant.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The earth mourneth and <i>fadeth</i> away.</blockquote> <i>Is. xxiv. 4.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To lose freshness, color, or brightness; to become faint in hue or tint; hence, to be wanting in color.</def> "Flowers that never <i>fade</i>." <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To sink away; to disappear gradually; to grow dim; to vanish.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The stars shall <i>fade</i> away.</blockquote> <i>Addison</i></p>

<p><blockquote>He makes a swanlike end,<BR> <i>Fading</i> in music.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fade</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To cause to wither; to deprive of freshness or vigor; to wear away.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>No winter could his laurels <i>fade</i>.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fad"ed</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>That has lost freshness, color, or brightness; grown dim.</def> "His <i>faded</i> cheek." <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Where the <i>faded</i> moon<BR> Made a dim silver twilight.</blockquote> <i>Keats.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fad"ed*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a faded manner.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A dull room <i>fadedly</i> furnished.</blockquote> <i>Dickens.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fade"less</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Not liable to fade; unfading.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fa"der</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Father.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fadge</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [Cf. OE. <i>faden</i> to flatter, and AS. <i>f&?;gan</i> to join, unit, G. <i>f&uuml;gen</i>, or AS. <i>&amacr;f&aelig;gian</i> to depict; all perh. form the same root as E. <i>fair</i>. Cf. <u>Fair</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>, <u>Fay</u> to fit.] <def>To fit; to suit; to agree.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>They shall be made, spite of antipathy, to <i>fadge</i> together.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Well, Sir, how <i>fadges</i> the new design ?</blockquote> <i>Wycherley.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fadge</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Etymol. uncertain.] <def>A small flat loaf or thick cake; also, a fagot.</def> [Prov. Eng.] <i>Halliwell.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fad"ing</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Losing freshness, color, brightness, or vigor.</def> — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Loss of color, freshness, or vigor.</def> — <wf>Fad"ing*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Fad"ing*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Fad"ing</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>An Irish dance; also, the burden of a song.</def> "<i>Fading</i> is a fine jig." [Obs.] <i>Beau. & Fl.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fad"me</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A fathom.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fad"y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Faded.</def> [R.] <i>Shenstone.</i></p>

<p><hw>F&aelig;"cal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Fecal</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||F&aelig;"ces</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [L. <i>faex</i>, pl. <i>faeces</i>, dregs.] <def>Excrement; ordure; also, settlings; sediment after infusion or distillation.</def> [Written also <i>feces</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>||F&aelig;c"u*la</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L.] <def>See <u>Fecula</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fa"&euml;r*y</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. & a.</i></pos> <def>Fairy.</def> [Archaic] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Faf"fle</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [Cf. <u>Famble</u>, <u>Maffle</u>.] <def>To stammer.</def> [Prov. Eng.] <i>Halliwell.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fag</hw> (f&abreve;g) <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A knot or coarse part in cloth.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Fag</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Fagged</u> (f&abreve;gd); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Fagging</u> (f&abreve;g"g&ibreve;ng).] [Cf. LG. <i>fakk</i> wearied, weary, <i>vaak</i> slumber, drowsiness, OFries. <i>fai</i>, equiv. to <i>f&amacr;ch</i> devoted to death, OS. <i>f&emacr;gi</i>, OHG. <i>feigi</i>, G. <i>feig</i>, <i>feige</i>, cowardly, Icel. <i>feigr</i> fated to die, AS. <i>f&aemacr;ge</i>, Scot. <i>faik</i>, to fail, stop, lower the price; or perh. the same word as E. <i>flag</i> to droop.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To become weary; to tire.</def><BR> [1913 Webster]</p>

<p><blockquote>Creighton withheld his force till the Italian began to <i>fag</i>.</blockquote> <i>G. Mackenzie.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To labor to wearness; to work hard; to drudge.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Read, <i>fag</i>, and subdue this chapter.</blockquote> <i>Coleridge.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To act as a fag, or perform menial services or drudgery, for another, as in some English schools.</def></p>

<p><col><b>To fag out</b></col>, <cd>to become untwisted or frayed, as the end of a rope, or the edge of canvas.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fag</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To tire by labor; to exhaust; as, he was almost <i>fagged</i> out.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Anything that fatigues.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>It is such a <i>fag</i>, I came back tired to death.</blockquote> <i>Miss Austen.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Brain fag</b></col>. <i>(Med.)</i> <cd>See <u>Cerebropathy</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fag"-end"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>An end of poorer quality, or in a spoiled condition, as the coarser end of a web of cloth, the untwisted end of a rope, ect.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The refuse or meaner part of anything.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>fag-end</i> of business.</blockquote> <i>Collier.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fag"ging</hw> (f&abreve;g"g&ibreve;ng), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Laborious drudgery; esp., the acting as a drudge for another at an English school.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fag"ot</hw> (f&abreve;g"&ubreve;t) <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., prob. aug. of L. <i>fax</i>, <i>facis</i>, torch, perh. orig., a bundle of sticks; cf. Gr. <grk>fa`kelos</grk> bundle, fagot. Cf. <u>Fagotto</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A bundle of sticks, twigs, or small branches of trees, used for fuel, for raising batteries, filling ditches, or other purposes in fortification; a fascine.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A bundle of pieces of wrought iron to be worked over into bars or other shapes by rolling or hammering at a welding heat; a pile.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Mus.)</i> <def>A bassoon. See <u>Fagotto</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>A person hired to take the place of another at the muster of a company.</def> [Eng.] <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>An old shriveled woman.</def> [Slang, Eng.]</p>

<p><col><b>Fagot iron</b></col>, <cd>iron, in bars or masses, manufactured from fagots.</cd> — <col><b>Fagot vote</b></col>, <cd>the vote of a person who has been constituted a voter by being made a landholder, for party purposes.</cd> [Political cant, Eng.]</p>

<p><hw>Fag"ot</hw> (?) <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Fagoted</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Fagoting</u>.] <def>To make a fagot of; to bind together in a fagot or bundle; also, to collect promiscuously.</def> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Fa*got"to</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [It. See <u>Fagot</u>.] <i>(Mus.)</i> <def>The bassoon; — so called from being divided into parts for ease of carriage, making, as it were, a small fagot.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Fa"ham</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The leaves of an orchid (<i>Angraecum fragrans</i>), of the islands of Bourbon and Mauritius, used (in France) as a substitute for Chinese tea.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Fahl"band`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [G., fr. <i>fahl</i> dun-colored + <i>band</i> a band.] <i>(Mining)</i> <def>A stratum in crystalline rock, containing metallic sulphides.</def> <i>Raymond.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Fahl"erz</hw> (?), <hw>Fahl"band</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [G. <i>fahlerz</i>; <i>fahl</i> dun-colored, fallow + <i>erz</i> ore.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Tetrahedrite</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fah"lun*ite</hw> (f&auml;"l&ubreve;n*&imacr;t), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From <i>Fahlun</i>, a place in Sweden.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>A hydrated silica of alumina, resulting from the alteration of iolite.</def><BR> [1913 Webster]</p>

<p><hw>Fah"ren*heit</hw> (?) <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [G.] <def>Conforming to the scale used by Gabriel Daniel <i>Fahrenheit</i> in the graduation of his thermometer; of or relating to Fahrenheit's thermometric scale.</def> — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The Fahrenheit thermometer or scale.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The <i>Fahrenheit thermometer</i> is so graduated that the freezing point of water is at 32 degrees above the zero of its scale, and the boiling point at 212 degrees above. It is commonly used in the United States and in England.</p>

<p><hw>||Fa`&iuml;*ence"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., fr. <i>Faenza</i>, a town in Italy, the original place of manufacture.] <def>Glazed earthenware; esp., that which is decorated in color.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fail</hw> (f&amacr;l) <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Failed</u> (f&amacr;ld); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Failing</u>.] [F. <i>failir</i>, fr. L. <i>fallere</i>, <i>falsum</i>, to deceive, akin to E. <i>fall</i>. See <u>Fail</u>, and cf. <u>Fallacy</u>, <u>False</u>, <u>Fault</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To be wanting; to fall short; to be or become deficient in any measure or degree up to total absence; to cease to be furnished in the usual or expected manner, or to be altogether cut off from supply; to be lacking; as, streams <i>fail</i>; crops <i>fail</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>As the waters <i>fail</i> from the sea.</blockquote> <i>Job xiv. 11.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Till Lionel's issue <i>fails</i>, his should not reign.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To be affected with want; to come short; to lack; to be deficient or unprovided; — used with <i>of</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>If ever they <i>fail</i> of beauty, this failure is not be attributed to their size.</blockquote> <i>Berke.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To fall away; to become diminished; to decline; to decay; to sink.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>When earnestly they seek<BR> Such proof, conclude they then begin to <i>fail</i>.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To deteriorate in respect to vigor, activity, resources, etc.; to become weaker; as, a sick man <i>fails</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>To perish; to die; — used of a person.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Had the king in his last sickness <i>failed</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>To be found wanting with respect to an action or a duty to be performed, a result to be secured, etc.; to miss; not to fulfill expectation.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Take heed now that ye <i>fail</i> not to do this.</blockquote> <i>Ezra iv. 22.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Either my eyesight <i>fails</i>, or thou look'st pale.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <def>To come short of a result or object aimed at or desired ; to be baffled or frusrated.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Our envious foe hath <i>failed</i>.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>8.</b></sn> <def>To err in judgment; to be mistaken.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Which ofttimes may succeed, so as perhaps<BR> Shall grieve him, if I <i>fail</i> not.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>9.</b></sn> <def>To become unable to meet one's engagements; especially, to be unable to pay one's debts or discharge one's business obligation; to become bankrupt or insolvent.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fail</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To be wanting to ; to be insufficient for; to disappoint; to desert.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>There shall not <i>fail</i> thee a man on the throne.</blockquote> <i>1 Kings ii. 4.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To miss of attaining; to lose.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Though that seat of earthly bliss be <i>failed</i>.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fail</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>faille</i>, from <i>failir</i>. See <u>Fail</u>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Miscarriage; failure; deficiency; fault; — mostly superseded by <i>failure</i> or <i>failing</i>, except in the phrase <i>without fail</i>.</def> "His highness' <i>fail</i> of issue." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Death; decease.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fail"ance</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Of. <i>faillance</i>, fr. <i>faillir</i>.] <def>Fault; failure; omission.</def> [Obs.] <i>Bp. Fell.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fail"ing</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A failing short; a becoming deficient; failure; deficiency; imperfection; weakness; lapse; fault; infirmity; as, a mental <i>failing</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>And ever in her mind she cast about<BR> For that unnoticed <i>failing</i> in herself.</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The act of becoming insolvent of bankrupt.</def></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — See <u>Fault</u>.</p>

<p><hw>||Faille</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F.] <def>A soft silk, heavier than a foulard and not glossy.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fail"ure</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From <u>Fail</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Cessation of supply, or total defect; a failing; deficiency; as, <i>failure</i> of rain; <i>failure</i> of crops.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Omission; nonperformance; as, the <i>failure</i> to keep a promise.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Want of success; the state of having failed.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Decay, or defect from decay; deterioration; as, the <i>failure</i> of memory or of sight.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>A becoming insolvent; bankruptcy; suspension of payment; as, <i>failure</i> in business.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>A failing; a slight fault.</def> [Obs.] <i>Johnson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fain</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [OE. <i>fain</i>, <i>fagen</i>, AS. <i>f&aelig;gen</i>; akin to OS. <i>fagan</i>, Icel. <i>faginn</i> glad; AS. <i>f&aelig;gnian</i> to rejoice, OS. <i>fagan&omacr;n</i>, Icel. <i>fagna</i>, Goth. <i>fagin&omacr;n</i>, cf. Goth. <i>fah&emacr;ds</i> joy; and fr. the same root as E. <i>fair</i>. Srr <u>Fair</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>, and cf. <u>Fawn</u> to court favor.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Well-pleased; glad; apt; wont; fond; inclined.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Men and birds are <i>fain</i> of climbing high.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>To a busy man, temptation is <i>fain</i>to climb up together with his business.</blockquote> <i>Jer. Taylor.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Satisfied; contented; also, constrained.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The learned Castalio was <i>fain</i> to make trechers at Basle to keep himself from starving.</blockquote> <i>Locke.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fain</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>With joy; gladly; — with <i>wold</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He would <i>fain</i> have filled his belly with the husks that the swine did eat.</blockquote> <i>Luke xv. 16.</i></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Fain</i> Would I woo her, yet I dare not.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fain</hw>, <pos><i>v. t. & i.</i></pos> <def>To be glad ; to wish or desire.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Whoso fair thing does <i>fain</i> to see.</blockquote> <i>Spencer.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Fai`n&eacute;`ant"</hw> (f&asl;`n&asl;`&auml;N"), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [F.; <i>fait</i> he does + <i>n&eacute;ant</i> nothing.] <def>Doing nothing; shiftless.</def> — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A do-nothing; an idle fellow; a sluggard.</def> <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><hw>Faint</hw> (f&amacr;nt), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<pos><i>Compar.</i></pos> <u>Fainter</u> (-&etilde;r); <pos><i>superl.</i></pos> <u>Faintest</u>.] [OE. <i>feint</i>, <i>faint</i>, false, faint, F. <i>feint</i>, p. p. of <i>feindre</i> to feign, suppose, hesitate. See <u>Feign</u>, and cf. <u>Feint</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Lacking strength; weak; languid; inclined to swoon; as, <i>faint</i> with fatigue, hunger, or thirst.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Wanting in courage, spirit, or energy; timorous; cowardly; dejected; depressed; as, "<i>Faint</i> heart ne'er won fair lady."</def> <i>Old Proverb.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Lacking distinctness; hardly perceptible; striking the senses feebly; not bright, or loud, or sharp, or forcible; weak; as, a <i>faint</i> color, or sound.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Performed, done, or acted, in a weak or feeble manner; not exhibiting vigor, strength, or energy; slight; as, <i>faint</i> efforts; <i>faint</i> resistance.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>faint</i> prosecution of the war.</blockquote> <i>Sir J. Davies.</i></p>

<p><hw>Faint</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The act of fainting, or the state of one who has fainted; a swoon. [R.] See <u>Fainting</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></def></p>

<p><blockquote>The saint,<BR> Who propped the Virgin in her <i>faint</i>.</blockquote> <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><hw>Faint</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Fainted</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Fainting</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To become weak or wanting in vigor; to grow feeble; to lose strength and color, and the control of the bodily or mental functions; to swoon; — sometimes with <i>away</i>. See <u>Fainting</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></def></p>

<p><blockquote>Hearing the honor intended her, she <i>fainted</i> away.</blockquote> <i>Guardian.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>If I send them away fasting . . . they will <i>faint</i> by the way.</blockquote> <i>Mark viii. 8.</i></p>

<p><! p. 538 !></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To sink into dejection; to lose courage or spirit; to become depressed or despondent.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>If thou <i>faint</i> in the day of adversity, thy strength is small.</blockquote> <i>Prov. xxiv. 10.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To decay; to disappear; to vanish.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Gilded clouds, while we gaze upon them, <i>faint</i> before the eye.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><hw>Faint</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To cause to faint or become dispirited; to depress; to weaken.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>It <i>faints</i> me to think what follows.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Faint"-heart`ed</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Wanting in courage; depressed by fear; easily discouraged or frightened; cowardly; timorous; dejected.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Fear not, neither be <i>faint- hearted</i>.</blockquote> <i>Is. vii. 4.</i></p>

<p>— <wf>Faint"-heart`ed*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Faint"-heart`ed*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Faint"ing</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Syncope, or loss of consciousness owing to a sudden arrest of the blood supply to the brain, the face becoming pallid, the respiration feeble, and the heat's beat weak.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Fainting fit</b></col>, <cd>a fainting or swoon; syncope.</cd> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><hw>Faint"ish</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Slightly faint; somewhat faint.</def> — <wf>Faint"ish*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Faint"ling</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Timorous; feeble-minded.</def> [Obs.] "A <i>fainting</i>, silly creature." <i>Arbuthnot.</i></p>

<p><hw>Faint"ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a faint, weak, or timidmanner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Faint"ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The state of being faint; loss of strength, or of consciousness, and self-control.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Want of vigor or energy.</def> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Feebleness, as of color or light; lack of distinctness; as, <i>faintness</i> of description.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Faint-heartedness; timorousness; dejection.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I will send a <i>faintness</i> into their hearts.</blockquote> <i>Lev. xxvi. 36.</i></p>

<p><hw>Faints</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> <def>The impure spirit which comes over first and last in the distillation of whisky; — the former being called the <i>strong faints</i>, and the latter, which is much more abundant, the <i>weak faints</i>. This crude spirit is much impregnated with fusel oil.</def> <i>Ure.</i></p>

<p><hw>Faint"y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Feeble; languid.</def> [R.] <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fair</hw> (f&acirc;r), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<pos><i>Compar.</i></pos> <u>Fairer</u> (?); <pos><i>superl.</i></pos> <u>Fairest</u>.] [OE. <i>fair</i>, <i>fayer</i>, <i>fager</i>, AS. <i>f&aelig;ger</i>; akin to OS. & OHG. <i>fagar</i>, Icel. <i>fagr</i>, Sw. <i>fager</i>, Dan. <i>faver</i>, Goth. <i>fagrs</i> fit, also to E. <i>fay</i>, G. <i>f&uuml;gen</i>, to fit. <i>fegen</i> to sweep, cleanse, and prob. also to E. <i>fang</i>, <i>peace</i>, <i>pact</i>, Cf. <u>Fang</u>, <u>Fain</u>, <u>Fay</u> to fit.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Free from spots, specks, dirt, or imperfection; unblemished; clean; pure.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A <i>fair</i> white linen cloth.</blockquote> <i>Book of Common Prayer.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Pleasing to the eye; handsome; beautiful.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Who can not see many a <i>fair</i> French city, for one <i>fair</i> French made.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Without a dark hue; light; clear; as, a <i>fair</i> skin.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The northern people large and <i>fair</i>- complexioned.</blockquote> <i>Sir M. Hale.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Not overcast; cloudless; clear; pleasant; propitious; favorable; — said of the sky, weather, or wind, etc.; as, a <i>fair</i> sky; a <i>fair</i> day.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>You wish <i>fair</i> winds may waft him over.</blockquote> <i>Prior.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>Free from obstacles or hindrances; unobstructed; unincumbered; open; direct; — said of a road, passage, etc.; as, a <i>fair</i> mark; in <i>fair</i> sight; a <i>fair</i> view.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The caliphs obtained a mighty empire, which was in a <i>fair</i> way to have enlarged.</blockquote> <i>Sir W. Raleigh.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <i>(Shipbuilding)</i> <def>Without sudden change of direction or curvature; smooth; flowing; — said of the figure of a vessel, and of surfaces, water lines, and other lines.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <def>Characterized by frankness, honesty, impartiality, or candor; open; upright; free from suspicion or bias; equitable; just; — said of persons, character, or conduct; as, a <i>fair</i> man; <i>fair</i> dealing; a <i>fair</i> statement.</def> "I would call it <i>fair</i> play." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>8.</b></sn> <def>Pleasing; favorable; inspiring hope and confidence; — said of words, promises, etc.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>When <i>fair</i> words and good counsel will not prevail on us, we must be frighted into our duty.</blockquote> <i>L' Estrange.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>9.</b></sn> <def>Distinct; legible; as, <i>fair</i> handwriting.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>10.</b></sn> <def>Free from any marked characteristic; average; middling; so-so; as, a <i>fair</i> specimen.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The news is very <i>fair</i> and good, my lord.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Fair ball</b></col>. <i>(Baseball)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>A ball passing over the home base at the height called for by the batsman, and delivered by the pitcher while wholly within the lines of his position and facing the batsman.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>A batted ball that falls inside the foul lines; — called also a <i>fair hit</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Fair maid</b></col>. <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>The European pilchard (<i>Clupea pilchardus</i>) when dried.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>The southern scup (<i>Stenotomus Gardeni</i>).</cd> [Virginia] — <col><b>Fair one</b></col>, <cd>a handsome woman; a beauty,</cd> — <col><b>Fair play</b></col>, <cd>equitable or impartial treatment; a fair or equal chance; justice.</cd> — <col><b>From fair to middling</b></col>, <cd>passable; tolerable.</cd> [Colloq.] — <col><b>The fair sex</b></col>, <cd>the female sex.</cd></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Candid; open; frank; ingenuous; clear; honest; equitable; impartial; reasonable. See <u>Candid</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Fair</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>Clearly; openly; frankly; civilly; honestly; favorably; auspiciously; agreeably.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Fair and square</b></col>, <cd>justly; honestly; equitably; impartially.</cd> [Colloq.] — <col><b>To bid fair</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Bid</u>.</cd> — <col><b>To speak fair</b></col>, <cd>to address with courtesy and frankness.</cd> [Archaic]</p>

<p><hw>Fair</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Fairness, beauty.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A fair woman; a sweetheart.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I have found out a gift for my <i>fair</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shenstone.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Good fortune; good luck.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Now <i>fair</i> befall thee !</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><col><b>The fair</b></col>, <cd>anything beautiful; women, collectively.</cd> "For slander's mark was ever yet <i>the fair</i>." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fair</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To make fair or beautiful.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote><i>Fairing</i> the foul.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Shipbuilding)</i> <def>To make smooth and flowing, as a vessel's lines.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fair</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>feire</i>, OF. <i>feire</i>, F. <i>foire</i>, fr. L. <i>fariae</i>, pl., days of rest, holidays, festivals, akin to <i>festus</i> festal. See <u>Feast</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A gathering of buyers and sellers, assembled at a particular place with their merchandise at a stated or regular season, or by special appointment, for trade.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A festival, and sale of fancy articles. erc., usually for some charitable object; as, a Grand Army <i>fair</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A competitive exhibition of wares, farm products, etc., not primarily for purposes of sale; as, the Mechanics' <i>fair</i>; an agricultural <i>fair</i>.</def></p>

<p><col><b>After the fair</b></col>, <cd>Too late.</cd> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><hw>Fair"-haired`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having fair or light-colored hair.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fair"hood</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Fairness; beauty.</def> [Obs.] <i>Foxe.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fair"i*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In the manner of a fairy.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Numerous as shadows haunting <i>fairily</i><BR> <i>The brain</i>.</blockquote> <i>Keats.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fair"ing</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A present; originally, one given or purchased at a fair.</def> <i>Gay.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Fairing box</b></col>, <cd>a box receiving savings or small sums of money.</cd> <i>Hannah More.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fair"ish</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Tolerably fair.</def> [Colloq.] <i>W. D. Howells.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fair"-lead`er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>A block, or ring, serving as a guide for the running rigging or for any rope.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fair"ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>In a fair manner; clearly; openly; plainly; fully; distinctly; frankly.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Even the nature of Mr. Dimmesdale's disease had never <i>fairly</i> been revealed to him.</blockquote> <i>Hawthorne.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Favorably; auspiciously; commodiously; as, a town <i>fairly</i> situated for foreign trade.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Honestly; properly.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Such means of comfort or even luxury, as lay <i>fairly</i> within their grasp.</blockquote> <i>Hawthorne.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Softly; quietly; gently.</def> [Obs.] <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fair"-mind`ed</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Unprejudiced; just; judicial; honest.</def> — <wf>Fair"- mind`ed*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Fair"-na`tured</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Well- disposed.</def> "A <i>fair-natured</i> prince." <i>Ford.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fair"ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The state of being fair, or free form spots or stains, as of the skin; honesty, as of dealing; candor, as of an argument, etc.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fair"-spo`ken</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Using fair speech, or uttered with fairness; bland; civil; courteous; plausible.</def> "A marvelous <i>fair-spoken</i> man." <i>Hooker.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fair"way`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The navigable part of a river, bay, etc., through which vessels enter or depart; the part of a harbor or channel ehich is kept open and unobstructed for the passage of vessels.</def> <i>Totten.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fair"-weath`er</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Made or done in pleasant weather, or in circumstances involving but little exposure or sacrifice; as, a <i>fair-weather</i> voyage.</def> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Appearing only when times or circumstances are prosperous; as, a <i>fair-weather</i> friend.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Fair-weather sailor</b></col>, <cd>a make-believe or inexperienced sailor; — the nautical equivalent of <i>carpet knight</i>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fair"-world`</hw> (?) <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>State of prosperity.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>They think it was never <i>fair-world</i> with them since.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fair"y</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Fairies</b></plw> (#). [OE. <i>fairie</i>, <i>faierie</i>, enchantment, fairy folk, fairy, OF. <i>faerie</i> enchantment, F. <i>f&eacute;er</i>, fr. LL. <i>Fata</i> one of the goddesses of fate. See <u>Fate</u>, and cf. <u>Fay</u> a fairy.] [Written also <i>fa&euml;ry</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Enchantment; illusion.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The God of her has made an end,<BR> And fro this worlde's <i>fairy</i><BR> Hath taken her into company.</blockquote> <i>Gower.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The country of the fays; land of illusions.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>He [Arthur] is a king y-crowned in <i>Fairy</i>.</blockquote> <i>Lydgate.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>An imaginary supernatural being or spirit, supposed to assume a human form (usually diminutive), either male or female, and to meddle for good or evil in the affairs of mankind; a fay. See <u>Elf</u>, and <u>Demon</u>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The fourth kind of spirit [is] called the <i>Fairy</i>.</blockquote> <i>K. James.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>And now about the caldron sing,<BR> Like elves and <i>fairies</i> in a ring.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>An enchantress.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Fairy of the mine</b></col>, <cd>an imaginary being supposed to inhabit mines, etc. German folklore tells of two species; one fierce and malevolent, the other gentle, See <u>Kobold</u>.</cd></p>

<p><blockquote>No goblin or swart <i>fairy of the mine</i><BR> Hath hurtful power over true virginity.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fair"y</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Of or pertaining to fairies.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Given by fairies; as, <i>fairy</i> money.</def> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Fairy bird</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the Euoropean little tern (<i>Sterna minuta</i>); — called also <i>sea swallow</i>, and <i>hooded tern</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Fairy bluebird</b></col>. <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <cd>See under <u>Bluebird</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Fairy martin</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a European swallow (<i>Hirrundo ariel</i>) that builds flask-shaped nests of mud on overhanging cliffs.</cd> — <col><b>Fairy</b></col> <col><b>rings or circles</b></col>, <cd>the circles formed in grassy lawns by certain fungi (as <i>Marasmius Oreades</i>), formerly supposed to be caused by fairies in their midnight dances.</cd> — <col><b>Fairy shrimp</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a European fresh-water phyllopod crustacean (<i>Chirocephalus diaphanus</i>); — so called from its delicate colors, transparency, and graceful motions. The name is sometimes applied to similar American species.</cd> — <col><b>Fairy stone</b></col> <i>(Paleon.)</i>, <cd>an echinite.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fair"y*land`</hw> (?) <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The imaginary land or abode of fairies.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fair"y*like`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Resembling a fairy, or what is made or done be fairies; as, <i>fairylike</i> music.</def></p>

<p><hw>Faith</hw> (f&amacr;th), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>feith</i>, <i>fayth</i>, <i>fay</i>, OF. <i>feid</i>, <i>feit</i>, <i>fei</i>, F. <i>foi</i>, fr. L. <i>fides</i>; akin to <i>fidere</i> to trust, Gr. <grk>pei`qein</grk> to persuade. The ending <i>th</i> is perhaps due to the influence of such words as <i>truth</i>, <i>health</i>, <i>wealth</i>. See <u>Bid</u>, <u>Bide</u>, and cf. <u>Confide</u>, <u>Defy</u>, <u>Fealty</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Belief; the assent of the mind to the truth of what is declared by another, resting solely and implicitly on his authority and veracity; reliance on testimony.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The assent of the mind to the statement or proposition of another, on the ground of the manifest truth of what he utters; firm and earnest belief, on probable evidence of any kind, especially in regard to important moral truth.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Faith</i>, that is, fidelity, — the fealty of the finite will and understanding to the reason.</blockquote> <i>Coleridge.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Theol.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The belief in the historic truthfulness of the Scripture narrative, and the supernatural origin of its teachings, sometimes called <i>historical</i> and <i>speculative</i> faith.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The belief in the facts and truth of the Scriptures, with a practical love of them; especially, that confiding and affectionate belief in the person and work of Christ, which affects the character and life, and makes a man a true Christian, — called a <i>practical</i>, <i>evangelical</i>, or <i>saving</i> faith.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Without <i>faith</i> it is impossible to please him [God].</blockquote> <i>Heb. xi. 6.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>faith</i> of the gospel is that emotion of the mind which is called "trust" or "confidence" exercised toward the moral character of God, and particularly of the Savior.</blockquote> <i>Dr. T. Dwight.</i></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Faith</i> is an affectionate, practical confidence in the testimony of God.</blockquote> <i>J. Hawes.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>That which is believed on any subject, whether in science, politics, or religion; especially <i>(Theol.)</i>, a system of religious belief of any kind; as, the Jewish or Mohammedan <i>faith</i>; and especially, the system of truth taught by Christ; as, the Christian <i>faith</i>; also, the creed or belief of a Christian society or church.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Which to believe of her,<BR> Must be a <i>faith</i> that reason without miracle<BR> Could never plant in me.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Now preacheth the <i>faith</i> which once he destroyed.</blockquote> <i>Gal. i. 23.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>Fidelity to one's promises, or allegiance to duty, or to a person honored and beloved; loyalty.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Children in whom is no <i>faith</i>.</blockquote> <i>Deut. xxvii. 20.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Whose failing, while her <i>faith</i> to me remains,<BR> I should conceal.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>Word or honor pledged; promise given; fidelity; as, he violated his <i>faith</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>For you alone<BR> I broke me <i>faith</i> with injured Palamon.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <def>Credibility or truth.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>faith</i> of the foregoing narrative.</blockquote> <i>Mitford.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Act of faith</b></col>. <cd>See <u>Auto-da- f&eacute;</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Breach of faith</b></col>, <col><b>Confession of faith</b></col>, <cd>etc. See under <u>Breach</u>, <u>Confession</u>, etc.</cd> — <col><b>Faith cure</b></col>, <cd>a method or practice of treating diseases by prayer and the exercise of faith in God.</cd> — <col><b>In good faith</b></col>, <cd>with perfect sincerity.</cd> </p>

<p><hw>Faith</hw> (?), <pos><i>interj.</i></pos> <def>By my faith; in truth; verily.</def></p>

<p><hw>Faithed</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having faith or a faith; honest; sincere.</def> [Obs.] "Make thy words <i>faithed</i>." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Faith"ful</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Full of faith, or having faith; disposed to believe, especially in the declarations and promises of God.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>You are not <i>faithful</i>, sir.</blockquote> <i>B. Jonson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Firm in adherence to promises, oaths, contracts, treaties, or other engagements.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>faithful</i> God, which keepeth covenant and mercy with them that love him.</blockquote> <i>Deut. vii. 9.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>True and constant in affection or allegiance to a person to whom one is bound by a vow, by ties of love, gratitude, or honor, as to a husband, a prince, a friend; firm in the observance of duty; loyal; of true fidelity; as, a <i>faithful</i> husband or servant.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>So spake the seraph Abdiel, <i>faithful</i> found,<BR> Among the faithless, <i>faithful</i> only he.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Worthy of confidence and belief; conformable to truth ot fact; exact; accurate; as, a <i>faithful</i> narrative or representation.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>It is a <i>faithful</i> saying.</blockquote> <i>2 Tim. ii. 11.</i></p>

<p><col><b>The Faithful</b></col>, <cd>the adherents of any system of religious belief; esp. used as an epithet of the followers of Mohammed.</cd></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Trusty; honest; upright; sincere; veracious; trustworthy.</p>

<p>— <wf>Faith"ful*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> - <wf>Faith"ful*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Faith"less</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Not believing; not giving credit.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Be not <i>faithless</i>, but believing.</blockquote> <i>John xx. 27.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Not believing on God or religion; specifically, not believing in the Christian religion.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Not observant of promises or covenants.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Not true to allegiance, duty, or vows; perfidious; trecherous; disloyal; not of true fidelity; inconstant, as a husband or a wife.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A most unnatural and <i>faithless</i> service.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>Serving to disappoint or deceive; delusive; unsatisfying.</def> "Yonder <i>faithless</i> phantom." <i>Goldsmith.</i></p>

<p>— <wf>Faith"less*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos><wf>Faith"less*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Fai"tour</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>faitor</i> a doer, L. <i>factor</i>. See <u>Factor</u>.] <def>A doer or actor; particularly, an evil doer; a scoundrel.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Lo! <i>faitour</i>, there thy meed unto thee take.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fake</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. Scot. <i>faik</i> fold, stratum of stone, AS. <i>f&aelig;c</i> space, interval, G. <i>fach</i> compartment, partition, row, and E. <i>fay</i> to fit.] <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>One of the circles or windings of a cable or hawser, as it lies in a coil; a single turn or coil.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fake</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>To coil (a rope, line, or hawser), by winding alternately in opposite directions, in layers usually of zigzag or figure of eight form,, to prevent twisting when running out.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Faking box</b></col>, <cd>a box in which a long rope is faked; used in the life-saving service for a line attached to a shot.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fake</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [Cf. Gael. <i>faigh</i> to get, acquire, reach, or OD. <i>facken</i> to catch or gripe.] [<i>Slang in all its senses.</i>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To cheat; to swindle; to steal; to rob.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To make; to construct; to do.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To manipulate fraudulently, so as to make an object appear better or other than it really is; as, to <i>fake</i> a bulldog, by burning his upper lip and thus artificially shortening it.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fake</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A trick; a swindle.</def> [Slang]</p>

<p><hw>Fa"kir</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Ar. <i>faq&imacr;r</i> poor.] <def>An Oriental religious ascetic or begging monk.</def> [Written also <i>faquir</i> anf <i>fakeer</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>||Fa"la*na"ka</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Native name.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A viverrine mammal of Madagascar (<i>Eupleres Goudotii</i>), allied to the civet; — called also <i>Falanouc</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fal*cade"</hw> (f&abreve;l*k&amacr;d"), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., ultimately fr. L. <i>falx</i>, <i>falcis</i>, a sickle or scythe.] <i>(Man.)</i> <def>The action of a horse, when he throws himself on his haunches two or three times, bending himself, as it were, in very quick curvets.</def> <i>Harris.</i></p>

<p><! p. 539 !></p>

<p>{ <hw>Fal"cate</hw> (?), <hw>Fal"ca*ted</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>falcatus</i>, fr. <i>falx</i>, <i>falcis</i>, a sickle or scythe.] <def>Hooked or bent like a sickle; as, a <i>falcate</i> leaf; a <i>falcate</i> claw; — said also of the moon, or a planet, when horned or crescent- formed.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fal*ca"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The state of being falcate; a bend in the form of a sickle.</def> <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fal"cer</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From L. <i>falx</i>, <i>falcis</i>, a sickle.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of the mandibles of a spider.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fal"chion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>fauchon</i>, OF. <i>fauchon</i>, LL. <i>f&auml;lcio</i>, fr. L. <i>falx</i>, <i>falcis</i>, a sickle, cf. Gr. &?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?; a ship's rib, &?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?; bandy-legged; perh, akin to E. <i>falcon</i>; cf. It. <i>falcione</i>. Cf. <u>Defalcation</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A broad-bladed sword, slightly curved, shorter and lighter than the ordinary sword; — used in the Middle Ages.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A name given generally and poetically to a sword, especially to the swords of Oriental and fabled warriors.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fal*cid"i*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>Falcidius</i>.] <def>Of or pertaining to Publius Falcidius, a Roman tribune.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Falcidian law</b></col> <i>(Civil Law)</i>, <cd>a law by which a testator was obliged to leave at least a fourth of his estate to the heir.</cd> <i>Burrill.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fal"ci*form</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>falx</i>, <i>falcis</i>, a sickle + <i>-form</i>: cf. F. <i>falciforme</i>.] <def>Having the shape of a scithe or sickle; resembling a reaping hook; as, the <i>falciform</i> ligatment of the liver.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fal"con</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>faucon</i>, <i>faucoun</i>, OF. <i>faucon</i>, <i>falcon</i>, &?;. <i>faucon</i>, fr. LL. <i>falco</i>, perh. from L. <i>falx, falcis</i>, a sickle or scythe, and named from its curving talons. Cf. <u>Falchion</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>One of a family (<i>Falconid&aelig;</i>) of raptorial birds, characterized by a short, hooked beak, strong claws, and powerful flight.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>Any species of the genus <i>Falco</i>, distinguished by having a toothlike lobe on the upper mandible; especially, one of this genus trained to the pursuit of other birds, or game.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>In the language of falconry, the female peregrine (<i>Falco peregrinus</i>) is exclusively called the <i>falcon</i>.</blockquote> <i>Yarrell.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Gun.)</i> <def>An ancient form of cannon.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Chanting falcon</b></col>. <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <cd>See under <u>Chanting</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fal"con*er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>fauconer</i>, OF. <i>falconier</i>, <i>fauconier</i>, F. <i>fauconnier</i>. See <u>Falcon</u>.] <def>A person who breeds or trains hawks for taking birds or game; one who follows the sport of fowling with hawks.</def> <i>Johnson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fal"co*net</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Dim. of <i>falcon</i>: cf. F. <i>fauconneau</i>, LL. <i>falconeta</i>, properly, a young falcon.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One of the smaller cannon used in the 15th century and later.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>One of several very small Asiatic falcons of the genus <i>Microhierax</i>.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>One of a group of Australian birds of the genus <i>Falcunculus</i>, resembling shrikes and titmice.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fal"con*gen`til</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>faucon- gentil</i>. See <u>Falcon</u>, and <u>Genteel</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The female or young of the goshawk (<i>Astur palumbarius</i>).</def></p>

<p><hw>Fal"co*nine</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Like a falcon or hawk; belonging to the <i>Falconid&aelig;</i></def></p>

<p><hw>Fal"con*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>fauconnerie</i>. See <u>Falcon</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The art of training falcons or hawks to pursue and attack wild fowl or game.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The sport of taking wild fowl or game by means of falcons or hawks.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Fal"cu*la</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., a small sickle, a billhook.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A curved and sharp- pointed claw.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fal"cu*late</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Curved and sharppointed, like a falcula, or claw of a falcon.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fald"age</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [LL. <i>faldagium</i>, fr. AS. <i>fald</i>, E. <i>fold</i>. Cf. <u>Foldage</u>.] <i>(O. Eng. Law)</i> <def>A privilege of setting up, and moving about, folds for sheep, in any fields within manors, in order to manure them; — often reserved to himself by the lord of the manor.</def> <i>Spelman.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fald"fee`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>fald</i> (E. <i>fold</i>) + E. <i>fee</i>. See <u>Faldage</u>.] <i>(O. Eng. Law)</i> <def>A fee or rent paid by a tenant for the privilege of faldage on his own ground.</def> <i>Blount.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fald"ing</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A frieze or rough- napped cloth.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Fal"dis*to*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [LL. <i>faldistorium</i>, <i>faldestorium</i>, from OHG. <i>faldstuol</i>; <i>faldan</i>, <i>faltan</i>, to fold (G. <i>falten</i>) + <i>stuol</i> stool. So called because it could be folded or laid together. See <u>Fold</u>, and <u>Stool</u>, and cf. <u>Faldstool</u>, <u>Fauteuil</u>.] <def>The throne or seat of a bishop within the chancel.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Fald"stool`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Faldistory</u>.] <def>A folding stool, or portable seat, made to fold up in the manner of a camo stool. It was formerly placed in the choir for a bishop, when he offciated in any but his own cathedral church.</def> <i>Fairholt.</i></p>

<p>&fist; In the modern practice of the Church of England, the term <i>faldstool</i> is given to the reading desk from which the litany is read. This esage is a relic of the ancient use of a lectern folding like a camp stool.</p>

<p><hw>Fa*ler"ni*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to Mount Falernus, in Italy; as, <i>Falernian</i>wine.</def></p>

<p><hw>Falk</hw> (f&add;k), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The razorbill.</def> [Written also <i>falc</i>, and <i>faik</i>.] [Prov. Eng.]</p>

<p><hw>Fall</hw> (f&add;l), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp.</i></pos> <u>Fell</u> (f&ebreve;l); <pos><i>p. p.</i></pos> <u>Fallen</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Falling</u>.] [AS. <i>feallan</i>; akin to D. <i>vallen</i>, OS. & OHG. <i>fallan</i>, G. <i>fallen</i>, Icel. <i>Falla</i>, Sw. <i>falla</i>, Dan. <i>falde</i>, Lith. <i>pulti</i>, L. <i>fallere</i> to deceive, Gr. <grk>sfa`llein</grk> to cause to fall, Skr. <i>sphal</i>, <i>sphul</i>, to tremble. Cf. <u>Fail</u>, <u>Fell</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>, to cause to fall.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To Descend, either suddenly or gradually; particularly, to descend by the force of gravity; to drop; to sink; as, the apple <i>falls</i>; the tide <i>falls</i>; the mercury <i>falls</i> in the barometer.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I beheld Satan as lightning <i>fall</i> from heaven.</blockquote> <i>Luke x. 18.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To cease to be erect; to take suddenly a recumbent posture; to become prostrate; to drop; as, a child totters and <i>falls</i>; a tree <i>falls</i>; a worshiper <i>falls</i> on his knees.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I <i>fell</i> at his feet to worship him.</blockquote> <i>Rev. xix. 10.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To find a final outlet; to discharge its waters; to empty; — with <i>into</i>; as, the river Rhone <i>falls</i> into the Mediterranean.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To become prostrate and dead; to die; especially, to die by violence, as in battle.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A thousand shall <i>fall</i> at thy side.</blockquote> <i>Ps. xci. 7.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>He rushed into the field, and, foremost fighting, <i>fell</i>.</blockquote> <i>Byron.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>To cease to be active or strong; to die away; to lose strength; to subside; to become less intense; as, the wind <i>falls</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>To issue forth into life; to be brought forth; — said of the young of certain animals.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <def>To decline in power, glory, wealth, or importance; to become insignificant; to lose rank or position; to decline in weight, value, price etc.; to become less; as, the price <i>falls</i>; stocks <i>fell</i> two points.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I am a poor <i>fallen</i> man, unworthy now<BR> To be thy lord and master.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The greatness of these Irish lords suddenly <i>fell</i> and vanished.</blockquote> <i>Sir J. Davies.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>8.</b></sn> <def>To be overthrown or captured; to be destroyed.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Heaven and earth will witness,<BR> If Rome must <i>fall</i>, that we are innocent.</blockquote> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>9.</b></sn> <def>To descend in character or reputation; to become degraded; to sink into vice, error, or sin; to depart from the faith; to apostatize; to sin.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Let us labor therefore to enter into that rest, lest any man <i>fall</i> after the same example of unbelief.</blockquote> <i>Heb. iv. 11.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>10.</b></sn> <def>To become insnared or embarrassed; to be entrapped; to be worse off than before; as, to <i>fall</i> into error; to <i>fall</i> into difficulties.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>11.</b></sn> <def>To assume a look of shame or disappointment; to become or appear dejected; — said of the countenance.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Cain was very wroth, and his countenance <i>fell</i>.</blockquote> <i>Gen. iv. 5.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>I have observed of late thy looks are <i>fallen</i>.</blockquote> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>12.</b></sn> <def>To sink; to languish; to become feeble or faint; as, our spirits rise and <i>fall</i> with our fortunes.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>13.</b></sn> <def>To pass somewhat suddenly, and passively, into a new state of body or mind; to become; as, to <i>fall</i> asleep; to <i>fall</i> into a passion; to <i>fall</i> in love; to <i>fall</i> into temptation.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>14.</b></sn> <def>To happen; to to come to pass; to light; to befall; to issue; to terminate.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The Romans <i>fell</i> on this model by chance.</blockquote> <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Sit still, my daughter, until thou know how the matter will <i>fall</i>.</blockquote> <i>Ruth. iii. 18.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>They do not make laws, they <i>fall</i> into customs.</blockquote> <i>H. Spencer.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>15.</b></sn> <def>To come; to occur; to arrive.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The vernal equinox, which at the Nicene Council <i>fell</i> on the 21st of March, <i>falls</i> now [1694] about ten days sooner.</blockquote> <i>Holder.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>16.</b></sn> <def>To begin with haste, ardor, or vehemence; to rush or hurry; as, they <i>fell</i> to blows.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>They now no longer doubted, but <i>fell</i> to work heart and soul.</blockquote> <i>Jowett (Thucyd. ).</i></p>

<p><sn><b>17.</b></sn> <def>To pass or be transferred by chance, lot, distribution, inheritance, or otherwise; as, the estate <i>fell</i> to his brother; the kingdom <i>fell</i> into the hands of his rivals.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>18.</b></sn> <def>To belong or appertain.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>If to her share some female errors <i>fall</i>,<BR> Look on her face, and you'll forget them all.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>19.</b></sn> <def>To be dropped or uttered carelessly; as, an unguarded expression <i>fell</i> from his lips; not a murmur <i>fell</i> from him.</def></p>

<p><col><b>To fall abroad of</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>to strike against; — applied to one vessel coming into collision with another.</cd> — <col><b>To fall among</b></col>, <cd>to come among accidentally or unexpectedly.</cd> — <col><b>To fall astern</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>to move or be driven backward; to be left behind; as, a ship <i>falls astern</i> by the force of a current, or when outsailed by another.</cd> — <col><b>To fall away</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>To lose flesh; to become lean or emaciated; to pine.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>To renounce or desert allegiance; to revolt or rebel.</cd> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <cd>To renounce or desert the faith; to apostatize.</cd> "These . . . for a while believe, and in time of temptation <i>fall away</i>." <i>Luke viii. 13.</i> <sd><i>(d)</i></sd> <cd>To perish; to vanish; to be lost.</cd> "How . . . can the soul . . . <i>fall away</i> into nothing?" <i>Addison.</i> <sd><i>(e)</i></sd> <cd>To decline gradually; to fade; to languish, or become faint.</cd> "One color <i>falls away</i> by just degrees, and another rises insensibly." <i>Addison.</i> — <col><b>To fall back</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>To recede or retreat; to give way.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>To fail of performing a promise or purpose; not to fulfill.</cd> — <col><b>To fall back upon</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <i>(Mil.)</i> <cd>To retreat for safety to (a stronger position in the rear, as to a fort or a supporting body of troops).</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>To have recourse to (a reserved fund, or some available expedient or support).</cd> — <col><b>To fall calm</b></col>, <cd>to cease to blow; to become calm.</cd> — <col><b>To fall down</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>To prostrate one's self in worship.</cd> "All kings shall <i>fall down</i> before him." <i>Ps. lxxii. 11.</i> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>To sink; to come to the ground.</cd> "<i>Down fell</i> the beauteous youth." <i>Dryden.</i> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <cd>To bend or bow, as a suppliant.</cd> <sd><i>(d)</i></sd> <i>(Naut.)</i> <cd>To sail or drift toward the mouth of a river or other outlet.</cd> — <col><b>To fall flat</b></col>, <cd>to produce no response or result; to fail of the intended effect; as, his speech <i>fell flat</i>.</cd> — <col><b>To fall foul of</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <i>(Naut.)</i> <cd>To have a collision with; to become entangled with</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>To attack; to make an assault upon.</cd> — <col><b>To fall from</b></col>, <cd>to recede or depart from; not to adhere to; as, <i>to fall from</i> an agreement or engagement; <i>to fall from</i> allegiance or duty.</cd> — <col><b>To fall from grace</b></col> <i>(M. E. Ch.)</i>, <cd>to sin; to withdraw from the faith.</cd> — <col><b>To fall home</b></col> <i>(Ship Carp.)</i>, <cd>to curve inward; — said of the timbers or upper parts of a ship's side which are much within a perpendicular.</cd> — <col><b>To fall in</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>To sink inwards; as, the roof <i>fell in</i>.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <i>(Mil.)</i> <cd>To take one's proper or assigned place in line; as, <i>to fall in</i> on the right.</cd> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <cd>To come to an end; to terminate; to lapse; as, on the death of Mr. B., the annuuity, which he had so long received, <i>fell in</i>.</cd> <sd><i>(d)</i></sd> <cd>To become operative.</cd> "The reversion, to which he had been nominated twenty years before, <i>fell in</i>." <i>Macaulay.</i> — <col><b>To fall into one's hands</b></col>, <cd>to pass, often suddenly or unexpectedly, into one's ownership or control; as, to spike cannon when they are likely <i>to fall into the hands</i> of the enemy.</cd> — <col><b>To fall in with</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>To meet with accidentally; as, <i>to fall in with</i> a friend.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <i>(Naut.)</i> <cd>To meet, as a ship; also, to discover or come near, as land.</cd> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <cd>To concur with; to agree with; as, the measure <i>falls in with</i> popular opinion.</cd> <sd><i>(d)</i></sd> <cd>To comply; to yield to.</cd> "You will find it difficult to persuade learned men <i>to fall in with</i> your projects." <i>Addison.</i> — <col><b>To fall off</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>To drop; as, fruits <i>fall off</i> when ripe.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>To withdraw; to separate; to become detached; as, friends <i>fall off</i> in adversity.</cd> "Love cools, friendship <i>falls off</i>, brothers divide." <i>Shak.</i> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <cd>To perish; to die away; as, words <i>fall off</i> by disuse.</cd> <sd><i>(d)</i></sd> <cd>To apostatize; to forsake; to withdraw from the faith, or from allegiance or duty.</cd></p>

<p><blockquote>Those captive tribes . . . <i>fell off</i><BR> From God to worship calves.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sd><i>(e)</i></sd> <cd>To forsake; to abandon; as, his customers <i>fell off</i>.</cd> <sd><i>(f)</i></sd> <cd>To depreciate; to change for the worse; to deteriorate; to become less valuable, abundant, or interesting; as, a <i>falling off</i> in the wheat crop; the magazine or the review <i>falls off</i>.</cd> "O Hamlet, what a <i>falling off</i> was there!" <i>Shak.</i> <sd><i>(g)</i></sd> <i>(Naut.)</i> <cd>To deviate or trend to the leeward of the point to which the head of the ship was before directed; to fall to leeward.</cd> — <col><b>To fall on</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>To meet with; to light upon; as, we have <i>fallen on</i> evil days.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>To begin suddenly and eagerly.</cd> "<i>Fall on</i>, and try the appetite to eat." <i>Dryden.</i> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <cd>To begin an attack; to assault; to assail.</cd> "<i>Fall on</i>, <i>fall on</i>, and hear him not." <i>Dryden.</i> <sd><i>(d)</i></sd> <cd>To drop on; to descend on.</cd> — <col><b>To fall out</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>To quarrel; to begin to contend.</cd></p>

<p><blockquote>A soul exasperated in ills <i>falls out</i><BR> With everything, its friend, itself.</blockquote> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>To happen; to befall; to chance.</cd> "There <i>fell out</i> a bloody quarrel betwixt the frogs and the mice." <i>L'Estrange.</i> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <i>(Mil.)</i> <cd>To leave the ranks, as a soldier.</cd> — <col><b>To fall over</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>To revolt; to desert from one side to another.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>To fall beyond.</cd> <i>Shak.</i> — <col><b>To fall short</b></col>, <cd>to be deficient; as, the corn <i>falls short</i>; they all <i>fall short</i> in duty.</cd> — <col><b>To fall through</b></col>, <cd>to come to nothing; to fail; as, the engageent <i>has fallen through</i>.</cd> - - <col><b>To fall to</b></col>, <cd>to begin.</cd> "<i>Fall to</i>, with eager joy, on homely food." <i>Dryden.</i> — <col><b>To fall under</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>To come under, or within the limits of; to be subjected to; as, they <i>fell under</i> the jurisdiction of the emperor.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>To come under; to become the subject of; as, this point did not <i>fall under</i> the cognizance or deliberations of the court; these things do not <i>fall under</i> human sight or observation.</cd> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <cd>To come within; to be ranged or reckoned with; to be subordinate to in the way of classification; as, these substances <i>fall under</i> a different class or order.</cd> — <col><b>To fall upon</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>To attack.</cd> [See <i>To fall on</i>.] <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>To attempt; to have recourse to.</cd> "I do not intend <i>to fall upon</i> nice disquisitions." <i>Holder.</i> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <cd>To rush against.</cd></p>

<p>&fist; <i>Fall</i> primarily denotes descending motion, either in a perpendicular or inclined direction, and, in most of its applications, implies, <i>literally</i> or <i>figuratively</i>, velocity, haste, suddenness, or violence. Its use is so various, and so mush diversified by modifying words, that it is not easy to enumerate its senses in all its applications.</p>

<p><hw>Fall</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To let fall; to drop.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>For every tear he <i>falls</i>, a Trojan bleeds.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To sink; to depress; as, to <i>fall</i> the voice.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To diminish; to lessen or lower.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Upon lessening interest to four per cent, you <i>fall</i> the price of your native commodities.</blockquote> <i>Locke.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To bring forth; as, to <i>fall</i> lambs.</def> [R.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>To fell; to cut down; as, to <i>fall</i> a tree.</def> [Prov. Eng. & Local, U.S.]</p>

<p><hw>Fall</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of falling; a dropping or descending be the force of gravity; descent; as, a <i>fall</i> from a horse, or from the yard of ship.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The act of dropping or tumbling from an erect posture; as, he was walking on ice, and had a <i>fall</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Death; destruction; overthrow; ruin.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>They thy <i>fall</i> conspire.</blockquote> <i>Denham.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Pride goeth before destruction, and a haughty spirit before a <i>fall</i>.</blockquote> <i>Prov. xvi. 18.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Downfall; degradation; loss of greatness or office; termination of greatness, power, or dominion; ruin; overthrow; as, the <i>fall</i> of the Roman empire.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Beholds thee glorious only in thy <i>fall</i>.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>The surrender of a besieged fortress or town ; as, the <i>fall</i> of Sebastopol.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>Diminution or decrease in price or value; depreciation; as, the <i>fall</i> of prices; the <i>fall</i> of rents.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <def>A sinking of tone; cadence; as, the <i>fall</i> of the voice at the close of a sentence.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>8.</b></sn> <def>Declivity; the descent of land or a hill; a slope.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>9.</b></sn> <def>Descent of water; a cascade; a cataract; a rush of water down a precipice or steep; — usually in the plural, sometimes in the singular; as, the <i>falls</i> of Niagara.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>10.</b></sn> <def>The discharge of a river or current of water into the ocean, or into a lake or pond; as, the <i>fall</i> of the Po into the Gulf of Venice.</def> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>11.</b></sn> <def>Extent of descent; the distance which anything falls; as, the water of a stream has a <i>fall</i> of five feet.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>12.</b></sn> <def>The season when leaves fall from trees; autumn.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>What crowds of patients the town doctor kills,<BR> Or how, last <i>fall</i>, he raised the weekly bills.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>13.</b></sn> <def>That which falls; a falling; as, a <i>fall</i> of rain; a heavy <i>fall</i> of snow.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>14.</b></sn> <def>The act of felling or cutting down.</def> "The <i>fall</i> of timber." <i>Johnson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>15.</b></sn> <def>Lapse or declension from innocence or goodness. Specifically: The first apostasy; the act of our first parents in eating the forbidden fruit; also, the apostasy of the rebellious angels.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>16.</b></sn> <def>Formerly, a kind of ruff or band for the neck; a falling band; a faule.</def> <i>B. Jonson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>17.</b></sn> <def>That part (as one of the ropes) of a tackle to which the power is applied in hoisting.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Fall herring</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a herring of the Atlantic (<i>Clupea mediocris</i>); — also called <i>tailor herring</i>, and <i>hickory shad</i>.</cd> — <col><b>To try a fall</b></col>, <cd>to try a bout at wrestling.</cd> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fal*la"cious</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>fallaciosus</i>, fr. <i>fallacia</i>: cf. F. <i>fallacieux</i>. See <u>Fallacy</u>.] <def>Embodying or pertaining to a fallacy; illogical; fitted to deceive; misleading; delusive; as, <i>fallacious</i> arguments or reasoning.</def> — <wf>Fal*la"cious*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> - <wf>Fal*la"cious*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><! p. 540 !></p>

<p><hw>Fal"la*cy</hw> (f&abreve;l"l&adot;*s&ybreve;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Fallacies</b></plw> (- s&ibreve;z). [OE. <i>fallace</i>, <i>fallas</i>, deception, F. <i>fallace</i>, fr. L. <i>fallacia</i>, fr. <i>fallax</i> deceitful, deceptive, fr. <i>fallere</i> to deceive. See <u>Fail</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Deceptive or false appearance; deceitfulness; that which misleads the eye or the mind; deception.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Winning by conquest what the first man lost,<BR> By <i>fallacy</i> surprised.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Logic)</i> <def>An argument, or apparent argument, which professes to be decisive of the matter at issue, while in reality it is not; a sophism.</def></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Deception; deceit; mistake. — <u>Fallacy</u>, <u>Sophistry</u>. A <i>fallacy</i> is an argument which professes to be decisive, but in reality is not; <i>sophistry</i> is also false reasoning, but of so specious and subtle a kind as to render it difficult to expose its <i>fallacy</i>. Many <i>fallacies</i> are obvious, but the evil of <i>sophistry</i> lies in its consummate art. "Men are apt to suffer their minds to be misled by <i>fallacies</i> which gratify their passions. Many persons have obscured and confounded the nature of things by their wretched <i>sophistry</i>; though an act be never so sinful, they will strip it of its guilt." <i>South.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fal"-lals`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> <def>Gay ornaments; frippery; gewgaws.</def> [Colloq.] <i>Thackeray.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fal"lax</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>fallax</i> deceptive. See <u>Fallacy</u>.] <def>Cavillation; a caviling.</def> [Obs.] <i>Cranmer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fall"en</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Dropped; prostrate; degraded; ruined; decreased; dead.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Some ruined temple or <i>fallen</i> monument.</blockquote> <i>Rogers.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fal"len*cy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [LL. <i>fallentia</i>, L. <i>fallens</i> p. pr of <i>fallere</i>.] <def>An exception.</def> [Obs.] <i>Jer. Taylor.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fall"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who, or that which, falls.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Mach.)</i> <def>A part which acts by falling, as a stamp in a fulling mill, or the device in a spinning machine to arrest motion when a thread breaks.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fall"fish`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A fresh-water fish of the United States (<i>Semotilus bullaris</i>); — called also <i>silver chub</i>, and <i>Shiner</i>. The name is also applied to other allied species.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fal`li*bil"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The state of being fallible; liability to deceive or to be deceived; as, the <i>fallibity</i> of an argument or of an adviser.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fal"li*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [LL. <i>fallibilis</i>, fr. L. <i>fallere</i> to deceive: cf. F. <i>faillible</i>. See <u>Fail</u>.] <def>Liable to fail, mistake, or err; liable to deceive or to be deceived; as, all men are <i>fallible</i>; our opinions and hopes are <i>fallible</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fal"li*bly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a fallible manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fall"ing</hw> (?), <pos><i>a. & n.</i></pos> <def>from <u>Fall</u>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos></def></p>

<p><col><b>Falling away</b></col>, <col><b>Falling off</b></col>, etc. <cd>See <i>To fall away</i>, <i>To fall off</i>, etc., under <u>Fall</u>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos></cd> — <col><b>Falling band</b></col>, <cd>the plain, broad, linen collar turning down over the doublet, worn in the early part of the 17th century.</cd> — <col><b>Falling sickness</b></col> <i>(Med.)</i>, <cd>epilepsy.</cd> <i>Shak.</i> — <col><b>Falling star</b></col>. <i>(Astron.)</i> <cd>See <u>Shooting star</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Falling stone</b></col>, <cd>a stone falling through the atmosphere; a meteorite; an a&euml;rolite.</cd> — <col><b>Falling tide</b></col>, <cd>the ebb tide.</cd> — <col><b>Falling weather</b></col>, <cd>a rainy season.</cd> [Colloq.] <i>Bartlett.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fal*lo"pi*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [From <i>Fallopius</i>, or <i>Fallopio</i>, a physician of Modena, who died in 1562.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Pertaining to, or discovered by, Fallopius; as, the <i>Fallopian</i> tubes or oviducts, the ducts or canals which conduct the ova from the ovaries to the uterus.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fal"low</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [AS. <i>fealu</i>, <i>fealo</i>, pale yellow or red; akin to D. <i>vaal</i> fallow, faded, OHG. <i>falo</i>, G. <i>falb</i>, <i>fahl</i>, Icel. <i>f&ouml;lr</i>, and prob. to Lith. <i>palvas</i>, OSlav. <i>plav&ubreve;</i> white, L. <i>pallidus</i> pale, <i>pallere</i> to be pale, Gr. <grk>polio`s</grk> gray, Skr. <i>palita</i>. Cf. <u>Pale</u>, <u>Favel</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>, <u>Favor</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Pale red or pale yellow; as, a <i>fallow</i> deer or greyhound.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> [Cf. <u>Fallow</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <def>Left untilled or unsowed after plowing; uncultivated; as, <i>fallow</i> ground.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Fallow chat</b></col>, <col><b>Fallow finch</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a small European bird, the wheatear (<i>Saxicola &oelig;nanthe</i>). See <u>Wheatear</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fal"low</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [So called from the <i>fallow</i>, or somewhat yellow, color of naked ground; or perh. akin to E. <i>felly</i>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, cf. MHG. <i>valgen</i> to plow up, OHG. <i>felga</i> felly, harrow.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Plowed land.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Who . . . pricketh his blind horse over the <i>fallows</i>.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Land that has lain a year or more untilled or unseeded; land plowed without being sowed for the season.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The plowing of <i>fallows</i> is a benefit to land.</blockquote> <i>Mortimer.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>The plowing or tilling of land, without sowing it for a season; as, summer <i>fallow</i>, properly conducted, has ever been found a sure method of destroying weeds.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Be a complete summer <i>fallow</i>, land is rendered tender and mellow. The <i>fallow</i> gives it a better tilth than can be given by a fallow crop.</blockquote> <i>Sinclair.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Fallow crop</b></col>, <cd>the crop taken from a green fallow.</cd> [Eng.] — <col><b>Green fallow</b></col>, <cd>fallow whereby land is rendered mellow and clean from weeds, by cultivating some green crop, as turnips, potatoes, etc.</cd> [Eng.]</p>

<p><hw>Fal"low</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Fallowed</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Fallowing</u>.] [From <u>Fallow</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <def>To plow, harrow, and break up, as land, without seeding, for the purpose of destroying weeds and insects, and rendering it mellow; as, it is profitable to <i>fallow</i> cold, strong, clayey land.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fal"low deer`</hw> (?). [So called from its <i>fallow</i> or pale yellow color.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A European species of deer (<i>Cervus dama</i>), much smaller than the red deer. In summer both sexes are spotted with white. It is common in England, where it is often domesticated in the parks.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fal"low*ist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who favors the practice of fallowing land.</def> [R.] <i>Sinclair.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fal"low*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A well or opening, through the successive floors of a warehouse or manufactory, through which goods are raised or lowered.</def> [U.S.] <i>Bartlett.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fal"sa*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>falsarius</i>, fr. <i>falsus</i>. See <u>False</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <def>A falsifier of evidence.</def> [Obs.] <i>Sheldon.</i></p>

<p><hw>False</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<pos><i>Compar.</i></pos> <u>Falser</u> (?); <pos><i>superl.</i></pos> <u>Falsest</u>.] [L. <i>falsus</i>, p. p. of <i>fallere</i> to deceive; cf. OF. <i>faus</i>, <i>fals</i>, F. <i>faux</i>, and AS. <i>fals</i> fraud. See <u>Fail</u>, <u>Fall</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Uttering falsehood; unveracious; given to deceit; dishnest; as, a <i>false</i> witness.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Not faithful or loyal, as to obligations, allegiance, vows, etc.; untrue; treacherous; perfidious; as, a <i>false</i> friend, lover, or subject; <i>false</i> to promises.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I to myself was <i>false</i>, ere thou to me.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Not according with truth or reality; not true; fitted or likely to deceive or disappoint; as, a <i>false</i> statement.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Not genuine or real; assumed or designed to deceive; counterfeit; hypocritical; as, <i>false</i> tears; <i>false</i> modesty; <i>false</i> colors; <i>false</i> jewelry.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>False</i> face must hide what the false heart doth know.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>Not well founded; not firm or trustworthy; erroneous; as, a <i>false</i> claim; a <i>false</i> conclusion; a <i>false</i> construction in grammar.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Whose <i>false</i> foundation waves have swept away.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>Not essential or permanent, as parts of a structure which are temporary or supplemental.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <i>(Mus.)</i> <def>Not in tune.</def></p>

<p><col><b>False arch</b></col> <i>(Arch.)</i>, <cd>a member having the appearance of an arch, though not of arch construction.</cd> — <col><b>False attic</b></col>, <cd>an architectural erection above the main cornice, concealing a roof, but not having windows or inclosing rooms.</cd> — <col><b>False bearing</b></col>, <cd>any bearing which is not directly upon a vertical support; thus, the weight carried by a corbel has a <i>false bearing</i>.</cd> — <col><b>False cadence</b></col>, <cd>an imperfect or interrupted cadence.</cd> — <col><b>False conception</b></col> <i>(Med.)</i>, <cd>an abnormal conception in which a mole, or misshapen fleshy mass, is produced instead of a properly organized fetus.</cd> — <col><b>False croup</b></col> <i>(Med.)</i>, <cd>a spasmodic affection of the larynx attended with the symptoms of membranous croup, but unassociated with the deposit of a fibrinous membrane.</cd> — <col><b>False</b></col> <col><b>door or window</b></col> <i>(Arch.)</i>, <cd>the representation of a door or window, inserted to complete a series of doors or windows or to give symmetry.</cd> — <col><b>False fire</b></col>, <cd>a combustible carried by vessels of war, chiefly for signaling, but sometimes burned for the purpose of deceiving an enemy; also, a light on shore for decoying a vessel to destruction.</cd> — <col><b>False galena</b></col>. <cd>See <u>Blende</u>.</cd> — <col><b>False imprisonment</b></col> <i>(Law)</i>, <cd>the arrest and imprisonment of a person without warrant or cause, or contrary to law; or the unlawful detaining of a person in custody.</cd> — <col><b>False keel</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>the timber below the main keel, used to serve both as a protection and to increase the shio's lateral resistance.</cd> — <col><b>False key</b></col>, <cd>a picklock.</cd> — <col><b>False leg</b></col>. <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <cd>See <u>Proleg</u>.</cd> — <col><b>False membrane</b></col> <i>(Med.)</i>, <cd>the fibrinous deposit formed in croup and diphtheria, and resembling in appearance an animal membrane.</cd> — <col><b>False papers</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>documents carried by a ship giving false representations respecting her cargo, destination, ect., for the purpose of deceiving.</cd> — <col><b>False passage</b></col> <i>(Surg.)</i>, <cd>an unnatural passage leading off from a natural canal, such as the urethra, and produced usually by the unskillful introduction of instruments.</cd> — <col><b>False personation</b></col> <i>(Law)</i>, <cd>the intentional false assumption of the name and personality of another.</cd> — <col><b>False pretenses</b></col> <i>(Law)</i>, <cd>false representations concerning past or present facts and events, for the purpose of defrauding another.</cd> — <col><b>False rail</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>a thin piece of timber placed on top of the head rail to strengthen it.</cd> — <col><b>False relation</b></col> <i>(Mus.)</i>, <cd>a progression in harmony, in which a certain note in a chord appears in the next chord prefixed by a flat or sharp.</cd> — <col><b>False return</b></col> <i>(Law)</i>, <cd>an untrue return made to a process by the officer to whom it was delivered for execution.</cd> — <col><b>False ribs</b></col> <i>(Anat.)</i>, <cd>the asternal rebs, of which there are five pairs in man.</cd> — <col><b>False roof</b></col> <i>(Arch.)</i>, <cd>the space between the upper ceiling and the roof.</cd> <i>Oxford Gloss.</i> — <col><b>False token</b></col>, <cd>a false mark or other symbol, used for fraudulent purposes.</cd> — <col><b>False scorpion</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>any arachnid of the genus <i>Chelifer</i>. See <u>Book scorpion</u>.</cd> — <col><b>False tack</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>a coming up into the wind and filling away again on the same tack.</cd> — <col><b>False vampire</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the <i>Vampyrus spectrum</i> of South America, formerly erroneously supposed to have blood-sucking habits; — called also <i>vampire</i>, and <i>ghost vampire</i>. The genuine blood-sucking bats belong to the genera <i>Desmodus</i> and <i>Diphylla</i>. See <u>Vampire</u>.</cd> — <col><b>False window</b></col>. <i>(Arch.)</i> <cd>See <i>False door</i>, above.</cd> — <col><b>False wing</b></col>. <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <cd>See <u>Alula</u>, and <i>Bastard wing</i>, under <u>Bastard</u>.</cd> — <col><b>False works</b></col> <i>(Civil Engin.)</i>, <cd>construction works to facilitate the erection of the main work, as scaffolding, bridge centering, etc.</cd></p>

<p><hw>False</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>Not truly; not honestly; falsely.</def> "You play me <i>false</i>." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>False</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [L. <i>falsare</i> to falsify, fr. <i>falsus</i>: cf. F. <i>fausser</i>. See <u>False</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To report falsely; to falsify.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To betray; to falsify.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>[He] hath his truthe <i>falsed</i> in this wise.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To mislead by want of truth; to deceive.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>In his <i>falsed</i> fancy.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To feign; to pretend to make.</def> [Obs.] "And <i>falsed</i> oft his blows." <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>False"-faced`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Hypocritical.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>False"-heart`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>False- hearted.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>False"-heart`ed</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Hollow or unsound at the core; treacherous; deceitful; perfidious.</def> <i>Bacon.</i> — <wf>False"-heart`ed*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>Bp. Stillingfleet.</i></p>

<p><hw>False"hood</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>False</i> + <i>- hood</i>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Want of truth or accuracy; an untrue assertion or representation; error; misrepresentation; falsity.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Though it be a lie in the clock, it is but a <i>falsehood</i> in the hand of the dial when pointing at a wrong hour, if rightly following the direction of the wheel which moveth it.</blockquote> <i>Fuller.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A deliberate intentional assertion of what is known to be untrue; a departure from moral integrity; a lie.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Treachery; deceit; perfidy; unfaithfulness.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Betrayed by <i>falsehood</i> of his guard.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>A counterfeit; a false appearance; an imposture.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>For his molten image is <i>falsehood</i>.</blockquote> <i>Jer. x. 14.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>No <i>falsehood</i> can endure<BR> Touch of celestial temper.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Falsity; lie; untruth; fiction; fabrication. See <u>Falsity</u>.</p>

<p><hw>False"ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a false manner; erroneously; not truly; perfidiously or treacherously.</def> "O <i>falsely</i>, <i>falsely</i> murdered." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Oppositions of science, <i>falsely</i> so called.</blockquote> <i>1 Tim. vi. 20.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Will ye steal, murder . . . and swear <i>falsely</i> ?</blockquote> <i>Jer. vii. 9.</i></p>

<p><hw>False"ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The state of being false; contrariety to the fact; inaccuracy; want of integrity or uprightness; double dealing; unfaithfulness; treachery; perfidy; as, the <i>falseness</i> of a report, a drawing, or a singer's notes; the <i>falseness</i> of a man, or of his word.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fals"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A deceiver.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fal*set"to</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Falsettos</b></plw> (#). [It. <i>falsetto</i>, dim. fr. L. <i>falsus</i>. See <u>False</u>.] <def>A false or artificial voice; that voice in a man which lies above his natural voice; the male counter tenor or alto voice. See <i>Head voice</i>, under <u>Voice</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Fal"si*cri"men</hw> (?). [L.] <i>(Civ. Law)</i> <def>The crime of falsifying.</def></p>

<p>&fist; This term in the Roman law included not only forgery, but every species of fraud and deceit. It never has been used in so extensive a sense in modern common law, in which its predominant significance is forgery, though it also includes perjury and offenses of a like character. <i>Burrill. Greenleaf.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fal"si*fi`a*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. OF. <i>falsifiable</i>.] <def>Capable of being falsified, counterfeited, or corrupted.</def> <i>Johnson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fal`si*fi*ca"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>falsification</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of falsifying, or making false; a counterfeiting; the giving to a thing an appearance of something which it is not.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>To counterfeit the living image of king in his person exceedeth all <i>falsifications</i>.</blockquote> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Willful misstatement or misrepresentation.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Extreme necessity . . . forced him upon this bold and violent <i>falsification</i> of the doctrine of the alliance.</blockquote> <i>Bp. Warburton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Equity)</i> <def>The showing an item of charge in an account to be wrong.</def> <i>Story.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fal"si*fi*ca`tor</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>falsificateur</i>.] <def>A falsifier.</def> <i>Bp. Morton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fal"si*fi`er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who falsifies, or gives to a thing a deceptive appearance; a liar.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fal"si*fy</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Falsified</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Falsifying</u>.] [L. <i>falsus</i> false + <i>-ly</i>: cf. F. <i>falsifier</i>. See <u>False</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To make false; to represent falsely.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The Irish bards use to forge and <i>falsify</i> everything as they list, to please or displease any man.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To counterfeit; to forge; as, to <i>falsify</i> coin.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To prove to be false, or untrustworthy; to confute; to disprove; to nullify; to make to appear false.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>By how much better than my word I am,<BR> By so much shall I <i>falsify</i> men's hope.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Jews and Pagans united all their endeavors, under Julian the apostate, to baffie and <i>falsify</i> the prediction.</blockquote> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To violate; to break by falsehood; as, to <i>falsify</i> one's faith or word.</def> <i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>To baffle or escape; as, to <i>falsify</i> a blow.</def> <i>Butler.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <i>(Law)</i> <def>To avoid or defeat; to prove false, as a judgment.</def> <i>Blackstone.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <i>(Equity)</i> <def>To show, in accounting, (an inem of charge inserted in an account) to be wrong.</def> <i>Story. Daniell.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>8.</b></sn> <def>To make false by multilation or addition; to tamper with; as, to <i>falsify</i> a record or document.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fal"si*fy</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To tell lies; to violate the truth.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>It is absolutely and universally unlawful to lie and <i>falsify</i>.</blockquote></p>

<p><blockquote>South.</blockquote></p>

<p><hw>Fals"ism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>That which is evidently false; an assertion or statement the falsity of which is plainly apparent; — opposed to <i>truism</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fal"si*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>;<i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Falsities</b></plw> (#). [L. <i>falsitas</i>: cf. F. <i>fausset&eacute;</i>, OF. also, <i>falsit&eacute;</i>. See <u>False</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The quality of being false; coutrariety or want of conformity to truth.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Probability does not make any alteration, either in the truth or <i>falsity</i> of things.</blockquote> <i>South.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>That which is false; falsehood; a lie; a false assertion.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Men often swallow <i>falsities</i> for truths.</blockquote> <i>Sir T. Brown.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Falsehood; lie; deceit. — <u>Falsity</u>, <u>Falsehood</u>, <u>Lie</u>. <i>Falsity</i> denotes the state or quality of being false. A <i>falsehood</i> is a false declaration designedly made. A <i>lie</i> is a gross, unblushing falsehood. The <i>falsity</i> of a person's assertion may be proved by the evidence of others and thus the charge of <i>falsehood</i> be fastened upon him.</p>

<p><hw>Fal"ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To thrash in the chaff; also, to cleanse or sift, as barley.</def> [Prov. Eng.] <i>Halliwell.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fal"ter</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Faltered</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Faltering</u>.] [OE. <i>falteren</i>, <i>faltren</i>, prob. from <i>fault</i>. See <u>Fault</u>, <pos><i>v. & n.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To hesitate; to speak brokenly or weakly; to stammer; as, his tongue <i>falters</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>With <i>faltering</i> speech and visage incomposed.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To tremble; to totter; to be unsteady.</def> "He found his legs <i>falter</i>." <i>Wiseman.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To hesitate in purpose or action.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Ere her native king<BR> Shall <i>falter</i> under foul rebellion's arms.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To fail in distinctness or regularity of exercise; — said of the mind or of thought.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Here indeed the power of disinct conception of space and distance <i>falters</i>.</blockquote> <i>I. Taylor.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fal"ter</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To utter with hesitation, or in a broken, trembling, or weak manner.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>And here he <i>faltered</i> forth his last farewell.</blockquote> <i>Byron.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Mde me most happy, <i>faltering</i> "I am thine."</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><! p. 541 !></p>

<p><hw>Fal"ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Falter</u>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos>] <def>Hesitation; trembling; feebleness; an uncertain or broken sound; as, a slight <i>falter</i> in her voice.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>falter</i> of an idle shepherd's pipe.</blockquote> <i>Lowell.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fal"ter*ing</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Hesitating; trembling.</def> "With <i>faltering</i> speech." <i>Milton.</i> — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Falter; halting; hesitation.</def> — <wf>Fal"ter*ing*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>||Fa`luns"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F.] <i>(Geol.)</i> <def>A series of strata, of the Middle Tertiary period, of France, abounding in shells, and used by Lyell as the type of his Miocene subdivision.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fal"we</hw> (?), <pos><i>a. & n.</i></pos> <def>Fallow.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Falx</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., a sickle.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>A curved fold or process of the dura mater or the peritoneum; esp., one of the partitionlike folds of the dura mater which extend into the great fissures of the brain.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fam"ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [OE. <i>falmelen</i>; cf. SW. <i>famla</i> to grope, Dan. <i>famle</i> to grope, falter, hesitate, Icel. <i>f&amacr;lma</i> to grope. Cf. <u>Famble</u>.] <def>To stammer.</def> [Obs.] <i>Nares.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fam"ble</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. <u>Famble</u>, <pos><i>v.</i></pos>] <def>A hand.</def> [Slang & Obs.] "We clap our <i>fambles</i>." <i>Beau. & Fl.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fame</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>fame</i>, L. <i>fama</i>, fr. <i>fari</i> to speak, akin to Gr. &?;&?;&?;&?; a saying, report, &?;&?;&?;&?;&?; to speak. See <u>Ban</u>, and cf. <u>Fable</u>, <u>Fate</u>, <u>Euphony</u>, <u>Blame</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Public report or rumor.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>fame</i> thereof was heard in Pharaoh's house.</blockquote> <i>Gen. xlv. 16.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Report or opinion generally diffused; renown; public estimation; celebrity, either favorable or unfavorable; as, the <i>fame</i> of Washington.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I find thou art no less than <i>fame</i> hath bruited.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Notoriety; celebrity; renown; reputation.</p>

<p><hw>Fame</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Famed</u> (?),; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Faming</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To report widely or honorably.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The field where thou art <i>famed</i><BR> To have wrought such wonders.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To make famous or renowned.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Those Hesperian gardens <i>famed</i> of old.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fame"less</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Without fame or renown.</def> — <wf>Fame"less*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Fa*mil`iar</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [OE. <i>familer</i>, <i>familier</i>, F. <i>familier</i>, fr. L. <i>familiaris</i>, fr. <i>familia</i> family. See <u>Family</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Of or pertaining to a family; domestic.</def> "<i>Familiar</i> feuds." <i>Byron.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Closely acquainted or intimate, as a friend or companion; well versed in, as any subject of study; as, <i>familiar</i> with the Scriptures.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Characterized by, or exhibiting, the manner of an intimate friend; not formal; unconstrained; easy; accessible.</def> "In loose, <i>familiar</i> strains." <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Be thou <i>familiar</i>, but by no means vulgar.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Well known; well understood; common; frequent; as, a <i>familiar</i> illustration.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>That war, or peace, or both at once, may be<BR> As things acquainted and <i>familiar</i> to us.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>There is nothing more <i>familiar</i> than this.</blockquote> <i>Locke.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>Improperly acquainted; wrongly intimate.</def> <i>Camden.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Familiar spirit</b></col>, <cd>a demon or evil spirit supposed to attend at call.</cd> <i>1 Sam. xxviii. 3, 7-9.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fa*mil"iar</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>An intimate; a companion.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>All my <i>familiars</i> watched for my halting.</blockquote> <i>Jer. xx. 10.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>An attendant demon or evil spirit.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Court of Inquisition)</i> <def>A confidential officer employed in the service of the tribunal, especially in apprehending and imprisoning the accused.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fa*mil`iar"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Familiarities</b></plw> (#). [OE. <i>familarite</i>, F. <i>familiarit&eacute;</i>fr. L. <i>faniliaritas</i>. See <u>Familiar</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The state of being familiar; intimate and frequent converse, or association; unconstrained intercourse; freedom from ceremony and constraint; intimacy; as, to live in remarkable <i>familiarity</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Anything said or done by one person to another unceremoniously and without constraint; esp., in the <i>pl.</i>, such actions and words as propriety and courtesy do not warrant; liberties.</def></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Acquaintance; fellowship; affability; intimacy. See <u>Acquaintance</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Fa*mil`iar*i*za"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The act or process of making familiar; the result of becoming familiar; as, <i>familiarization</i> with scenes of blood.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fa*mil"iar*ize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Familiarized</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Familiarizing</u> (?).] [Cf. F. <i>familiariser</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To make familiar or intimate; to habituate; to accustom; to make well known by practice or converse; as, to <i>familiarize</i> one's self with scenes of distress.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To make acquainted, or skilled, by practice or study; as, to <i>familiarize</i> one's self with a business, a book, or a science.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fa"mil"iar*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a familiar manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fa*mil"iar*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Familiarity.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Fa*mil"ia*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>familiaris</i>. See <u>Familiar</u>.] <def>Of or pertaining to a family or household; domestic.</def> [Obs.] <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fam"i*lism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The tenets of the Familists.</def> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fam"i*list</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From <u>Family</u>.] <i>(Eccl. Hist.)</i> <def>One of afanatical Antinomian sect originating in Holland, and existing in England about 1580, called the <i>Family of Love</i>, who held that religion consists wholly in love.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fam"i*lis*ter*y</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Familisteries</b></plw> (&?;). [F. <i>familist&egrave;re</i>.] <def>A community in which many persons unite as in one family, and are regulated by certain communistic laws and customs.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Fam`i*listic</hw> (?), <hw>Fam`i*lis"tic*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pertaining to Familists.</def> <i>Baxter.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fam"i*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Families</b></plw> (#). [L. <i>familia</i>, fr. <i>famulus</i> servant; akin to Oscan <i>famel</i> servant, cf. <i>faamat</i> he dwells, Skr. <i>dh&amacr;man</i> house, fr. <i>dh&amacr;</i>to set, make, do: cf. F. <i>famille</i>. Cf. <u>Do</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>, <u>Doom</u>, <u>Fact</u>, <u>Feat</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The collective body of persons who live in one house, and under one head or manager; a household, including parents, children, and servants, and, as the case may be, lodgers or boarders.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The group comprising a husband and wife and their dependent children, constituting a fundamental unit in the organization of society.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The welfare of the <i>family</i> underlies the welfare of society.</blockquote> <i>H. Spencer.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Those who descend from one common progenitor; a tribe, clan, or race; kindred; house; as, the human <i>family</i>; the <i>family</i> of Abraham; the father of a <i>family</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Go ! and pretend your <i>family</i> is young.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Course of descent; genealogy; line of ancestors; lineage.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>Honorable descent; noble or respectable stock; as, a man of <i>family</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>A group of kindred or closely related individuals; as, a <i>family</i> of languages; a <i>family</i> of States; the chlorine <i>family</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>A group of organisms, either animal or vegetable, related by certain points of resemblance in structure or development, more comprehensive than a genus, because it is usually based on fewer or less pronounced points of likeness. In zo&ouml;logy a family is less comprehesive than an order; in botany it is often considered the same thing as an order.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Family circle</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Circle</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Family man</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>A man who has a family; esp., one who has a wife and children living with him andd dependent upon him.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>A man of domestic habits.</cd> "The Jews are generally, when married, most exemplary <i>family men</i>." <i>Mayhew.</i> — <col><b>Family of</b></col> <col><b>curves or surfaces</b></col> <i>(Geom.)</i>, <cd>a group of curves or surfaces derived from a single equation.</cd> — <col><b>In a family way</b></col>, <cd>like one belonging to the family.</cd> "Why don't we ask him and his ladies to come over <i>in a family way</i>, and dine with some other plain country gentlefolks?" <i>Thackeray.</i> — <col><b>In the family way</b></col>, <cd>pregnant.</cd> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><hw>Fam"ine</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>famine</i>, fr. L. <i>fames</i> hunger; cf. Gr. &?;&?;&?;&?;&?; want, need, Skr. <i>h&amacr;ni</i> loss, lack, <i>h&amacr;</i> to leave.] <def>General scarcity of food; dearth; a want of provisions; destitution.</def> "Worn with <i>famine</i>." <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>There was a <i>famine</i> in the land.</blockquote> <i>Gen. xxvi. 1.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Famine fever</b></col> <i>(Med.)</i>, <cd>typhus fever.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fam"ish</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Famished</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Famishing</u>.] [OE. <i>famen</i>; cf. OF. <i>afamer</i>, L. <i>fames</i>. See <u>Famine</u>, and cf. <u>Affamish</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To starve, kill, or destroy with hunger.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To exhaust the strength or endurance of, by hunger; to distress with hanger.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>And when all the land of Egypt was <i>famished</i>, the people cried to Pharaoh for bread.</blockquote> <i>Cen. xli. 55.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The pains of <i>famished</i> Tantalus he'll feel.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To kill, or to cause to suffer extremity, by deprivation or denial of anything necessary.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>And <i>famish</i> him of breath, if not of bread.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To force or constrain by famine.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He had <i>famished</i> Paris into a surrender.</blockquote> <i>Burke.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fam"ish</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To die of hunger; to starve.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To suffer extreme hunger or thirst, so as to be exhausted in strength, or to come near to perish.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>You are all resolved rather to die than to <i>famish</i>?</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To suffer extremity from deprivation of anything essential or necessary.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The Lord will not suffer the soul of the righteous to <i>famish</i>.</blockquote> <i>Prov. x. 3.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fam"ish*ment</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>State of being famished.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fa*mos"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>famositas</i> infamy: cf. F. <i>famosit&eacute;</i>. See <u>Famous</u>.] <def>The state or quality of being famous.</def> [Obs.] <i>Johnson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fa"mous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>famosus</i>, fr. <i>fama</i> fame: cf. F. <i>fameux</i>. See <u>Fame</u>.] <def>Celebrated in fame or public report; renowned; mach talked of; distinguished in story; — used in either a good or a bad sense, chiefly the former; often followed by <i>for</i>; as, <i>famous</i> for erudition, for eloquence, for military skill; a <i>famous</i> pirate.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Famous</i> for a scolding tongue.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Noted; remarkable; signal; conspicuous; celebrated; renowned; illustrious; eminent; transcendent; excellent. — <u>Famous</u>, <u>Renowned</u>, <u>Illustrious</u>. <i>Famous</i> is applied to a person or thing widely spoken of as extraordinary; <i>renowned</i> is applied to those who are named again and again with honor; <i>illustrious</i>, to those who have dazzled the world by the splendor of their deeds or their virtues. See <u>Distinguished</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Fa"moused</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Renowned.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fa"mous*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a famous manner; in a distinguished degree; greatly; splendidly.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Then this land was <i>famously</i> enriched<BR> With politic grave counsel.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fa"mous*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The state of being famous.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fam"u*lar</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. L. <i>famularis</i> of servants.] <def>Domestic; familiar.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fam"u*late</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [L. <i>famulatus</i>, p. p. of <i>famulari</i> to serve, fr. <i>famulus</i> servant.] <def>To serve.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Fam"u*list</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>famulus</i> servant.] <def>A collegian of inferior rank or position, corresponding to the <i>sizar</i> at Cambridge.</def> [Oxford Univ., Eng.]</p>

<p><hw>Fan</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>fann</i>, fr. L. <i>vannus</i> fan, van for winnowing grain; cf. F. <i>van</i>. Cf. <u>Van</u> a winnowing machine, <u>Winnow</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>An instrument used for producing artificial currents of air, by the wafting or revolving motion of a broad surface</def>; as: <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>An instrument for cooling the person, made of feathers, paper, silk, etc., and often mounted on sticks all turning about the same pivot, so as when opened to radiate from the center and assume the figure of a section of a circle.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <i>(Mach.)</i> <def>Any revolving vane or vanes used for producing currents of air, in winnowing grain, blowing a fire, ventilation, etc., or for checking rapid motion by the resistance of the air; a fan blower; a fan wheel.</def> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <def>An instrument for winnowing grain, by moving which the grain is tossed and agitated, and the chaff is separated and blown away.</def> <sd><i>(d)</i></sd> <def>Something in the form of a fan when spread, as a peacock's tail, a window, etc.</def> <sd><i>(e)</i></sd> <def>A small vane or sail, used to keep the large sails of a smock windmill always in the direction of the wind.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Clean provender, which hath been winnowed with the shovel and with the <i>fan</i>.</blockquote> <i>Is. xxx. 24.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>That which produces effects analogous to those of a fan, as in exciting a flame, etc.; that which inflames, heightens, or strengthens; as, it served as a <i>fan</i> to the flame of his passion.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A quintain; — from its form.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Fan blower</b></col>, <cd>a wheel with vanes fixed on a rotating shaft inclosed in a case or chamber, to create a blast of air (<i>fan blast</i>) for forge purposes, or a current for draft and ventilation; a fanner.</cd> — <col><b>Fan cricket</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a mole cricket.</cd> — <col><b>Fan light</b></col> <i>(Arch.)</i>, <cd>a window over a door; — so called from the semicircular form and radiating sash bars of those windows which are set in the circular heads of arched doorways.</cd> — <col><b>Fan shell</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>any shell of the family <i>Pectinid&aelig;</i>. See <u>Scallop</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, 1.</cd> — <col><b>Fan tracery</b></col> <i>(Arch.)</i>, <cd>the decorative tracery on the surface of fan vaulting.</cd> — <col><b>Fan vaulting</b></col> <i>(Arch.)</i>, <cd>an elaborate system of vaulting, in which the ribs diverge somewhat like the rays of a fan, as in Henry VII.'s chapel in Westminster Abbey. It is peculiar to English Gothic.</cd> — <col><b>Fan wheel</b></col>, <cd>the wheel of a fan blower.</cd> — <col><b>Fan window</b></col>. <cd>Same as <i>Fan light</i> (above).</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fan</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Fanned</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Fanning</u> (?).] [Cf. OF. <i>vanner</i>, L. <i>vannere</i>. See <u>Fan</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, <u>Van</u> a winnowing machine.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To move as with a fan.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The air . . . <i>fanned</i> with unnumbered plumes.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To cool and refresh, by moving the air with a fan; to blow the air on the face of with a fan.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To ventilate; to blow on; to affect by air put in motion.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Calm as the breath which <i>fans</i> our eastern groves.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To winnow; to separate chaff from, and drive it away by a current of air; as, to <i>fan</i> wheat.</def> <i>Jer. li. 2.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>To excite or stir up to activity, as a fan excites a flame; to stimulate; as, this conduct <i>fanned</i> the excitement of the populace.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Fanning machine</b></col>, <i>or</i> <col><b>Fanning mill</b></col>, <cd>a machine for separating seed from chaff, etc., by a blast of air; a fanner.</cd></p>

<p><hw>||Fa`nal"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F.] <def>A lighthouse, or the apparatus placed in it for giving light.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fa*nat"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>fanaticus</i> inspired by divinity, enthusiastic, frantic, fr. <i>fanum</i> fane: cf. F. <i>fanatique</i>. See <u>Fane</u>.] <def>Pertaining to, or indicating, fanaticism; extravagant in opinions; ultra; unreasonable; excessively enthusiastic, especially on religious subjects; as, <i>fanatic</i> zeal; <i>fanatic</i> notions.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>But Faith, <i>fanatic</i> Faith, once wedded fast<BR> To some dear falsehood, hugs it to the last.</blockquote> <i>T. Moore.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fa*nat"ic</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A person affected by excessive enthusiasm, particularly on religious subjects; one who indulges wild and extravagant notions of religion.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>There is a new word, coined within few months, called <i>fanatics</i>, which, by the close stickling thereof, seemeth well cut out and proportioned to signify what is meant thereby, even the sectaries of our age.</blockquote> <i>Fuller (1660).</i></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Fanatics</i> are governed rather by imagination than by judgment.</blockquote> <i>Stowe.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fa*nat"ic*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Characteristic of, or relating to, fanaticism; fanatic.</def> - <wf>Fa*nat"ic*al*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Fa*nat"ic*al*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Fa*nat"i*cism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. <u>Fanatism</u>.] <def>Excessive enthusiasm, unreasoning zeal, or wild and extravagant notions, on any subject, especially religion; religious frenzy.</def></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — See <u>Superstition</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Fa*nat"i*cize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Fanaticized</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Fanaticizing</u> (?).] <def>To cause to become a fanatic.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fan"a*tism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>fanatisme</i>. Cf. <u>Fanaticism</u>.] <def>Fanaticism.</def> [R.] <i>Gibbon.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fan"cied</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [From <u>Fancy</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>] <def>Formed or conceived by the fancy; unreal; as, a <i>fancied</i> wrong.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fan"ci*er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who is governed by fancy.</def> "Not reasoners, but <i>fanciers</i>." <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>One who fancies or has a special liking for, or interest in, a particular object or class or objects; hence, one who breeds and keeps for sale birds and animals; as, bird <i>fancier</i>, dog <i>fancier</i>, etc.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fan"ci*ful</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Full of fancy; guided by fancy, rather than by reason and experience; whimsical; as, a <i>fanciful</i> man forms visionary projects.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Conceived in the fancy; not consistent with facts or reason; abounding in ideal qualities or figures; as, a <i>fanciful</i> scheme; a <i>fanciful</i> theory.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Curiously shaped or constructed; as, she wore a <i>fanciful</i> headdress.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Gather up all <i>fancifullest</i> shells.</blockquote> <i>Keats.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Imaginative; ideal; visionary; capricious; chimerical; whimsical; fantastical; wild. — <u>Fanciful</u>, <u>Fantastical</u>, <u>Visionary</u>. We speak of that as <i>fanciful</i> which is irregular in taste and judgment; we speak of it as <i>fantastical</i> when it becomes grotesque and extravagant as well as irregular; we speak of it as <i>visionary</i> when it is wholly unfounded in the nature of things. <i>Fanciful</i> notions are the product of a heated fancy, without any tems are made up of oddly assorted fancies, aften of the most whimsical kind; <i>visionary</i> expectations are those which can never be realized in fact.</p>

<p>— <wf>Fan"ci*ful*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> - <wf>Fan"ci*ful*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><! p. 542 !></p>

<p><hw>Fan"ci*less</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having no fancy; without ideas or imagination.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>A pert or bluff important wight,<BR> Whose brain is <i>fanciless</i>, whose blood is white.</blockquote> <i>Armstrong.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fan"cy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Fancies</b></plw> (#). [Contr. fr. <i>fantasy</i>, OF. <i>fantasie</i>, <i>fantaisie</i>, F. <i>fantaisie</i>, L. <i>phantasia</i>, fr. Gr. &?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?; appearance, imagination, the power of perception and presentation in the mind, fr. &?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?; to make visible, to place before one's mind, fr. &?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?; to show; akin to &?;&?;&?;&?;, &?;&?;&?;, light, Skr. <i>bh&amacr;</i>to shine. Cf. <u>Fantasy</u>, <u>Fantasia</u>, <u>Epiphany</u>, <u>Phantom</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The faculty by which the mind forms an image or a representation of anything perceived before; the power of combining and modifying such objects into new pictures or images; the power of readily and happily creating and recalling such objects for the purpose of amusement, wit, or embellishment; imagination.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>In the soul<BR>
Are many lesser faculties, that serve<BR>
Reason as chief. Among these <i>fancy</i> next<BR>
Her office holds.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>An image or representation of anything formed in the mind; conception; thought; idea; conceit.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>How now, my lord ! why do you keep alone,<BR> Of sorriest <i>fancies</i> your companoins making ?</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>An opinion or notion formed without much reflection; caprice; whim; impression.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I have always had a <i>fancy</i> that learning might be made a play and recreation to children.</blockquote> <i>Locke.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Inclination; liking, formed by caprice rather than reason; as, to strike one's <i>fancy</i>; hence, the object of inclination or liking.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>To fit your fancies to your father's will.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>That which pleases or entertains the taste or caprice without much use or value.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>London pride is a pretty <i>fancy</i> for borders.</blockquote> <i>Mortimer.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>A sort of love song or light impromptu ballad.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><col><b>The fancy</b></col>, <cd>all of a class who exhibit and cultivate any peculiar taste or fancy; hence, especially, sporting characters taken collectively, or any specific class of them, as jockeys, gamblers, prize fighters, etc.</cd></p>

<p><blockquote>At a great book sale in London, which had congregated all <i>the fancy</i>.</blockquote> <i>De Quincey.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Imagination; conceit; taste; humor; inclination; whim; liking. See <u>Imagination</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Fan"cy</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Fancied</u> (?), <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Fancying</u> (&?;).] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To figure to one's self; to believe or imagine something without proof.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>If our search has reached no farther than simile and metaphor, we rather <i>fancy</i> than know.</blockquote> <i>Locke.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To love.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fan"cy</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To form a conception of; to portray in the mind; to imagine.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He whom I <i>fancy</i>, but can ne'er express.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To have a fancy for; to like; to be pleased with, particularly on account of external appearance or manners.</def> "We <i>fancy</i> not the cardinal." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To believe without sufficient evidence; to imagine (something which is unreal).</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He <i>fancied</i> he was welcome, because those arounde him were his kinsmen.</blockquote> <i>Thackeray.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fan"cy</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Adapted to please the fancy or taste; ornamental; as, <i>fancy</i> goods.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Extravagant; above real value.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>This anxiety never degenerated into a monomania, like that which led his [Frederick the Great's] father to pay <i>fancy</i> prices for giants.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Fancy ball</b></col>, <cd>a ball in which porsons appear in fanciful dresses in imitation of the costumes of different persons and nations.</cd> — <col><b>Fancy fair</b></col>, <cd>a fair at which articles of fancy and ornament are sold, generally for some charitable purpose.</cd> — <col><b>Fancy goods</b></col>, <cd>fabrics of various colors, patterns, etc., as ribbons, silks, laces, etc., in distinction from those of a simple or plain color or make.</cd> — <col><b>Fancy line</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>a line rove through a block at the jaws of a gaff; — used to haul it down.</cd> — <col><b>Fancy roller</b></col> <i>(Carding Machine)</i>, <cd>a clothed cylinder (usually having straight teeth) in front of the doffer.</cd> — <col><b>Fancy stocks</b></col>, <cd>a species of stocks which afford great opportunity for stock gambling, since they have no intrinsic value, and the fluctuations in their prices are artificial.</cd> — <col><b>Fancy store</b></col>, <cd>one where articles of fancy and ornament are sold.</cd> — <col><b>Fancy woods</b></col>, <cd>the more rare and expensive furniture woods, as mahogany, satinwood, rosewood, etc.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fan"cy-free`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Free from the power of love.</def> "In maiden meditation, <i>fancy-free</i>." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fan"cy*mon`ger</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A lovemonger; a whimsical lover.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fan"cy-sick`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Love- sick.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fan"cy*work`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Ornamental work with a needle or hook, as embroidery, crocheting, netting, etc.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fand</hw> (?), obs. <def><pos><i>imp.</i></pos> of <u>Find</u>.</def> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fan*dan"go</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Fandangoes</b></plw> (#). [Sp. A name brought, together with the dance, from the West Indies to Spain.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A lively dance, in 3-8 or 6-8 time, much practiced in Spain and Spanish America. Also, the tune to which it is danced.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A ball or general dance, as in Mexico.</def> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><hw>Fane</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>fanum</i> a place dedicated to some deity, a sanctuary, fr. <i>fari</i> to speak. See <u>Fame</u>.] <def>A temple; a place consecrated to religion; a church.</def> [Poet.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Such to this British Isle, her Christian <i>fanes</i>.</blockquote> <i>Wordsworth.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fane</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Vane</u>.] <def>A weathercock.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>||Fa*ne"ga</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Sp.] <def>A dry measure in Spain and Spanish America, varying from 1&?; to 2&?; bushels; also, a measure of land.</def> <i>De Colange.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fan"fare`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. Cf. <u>Fanfaron</u>.] <def>A flourish of trumpets, as in coming into the lists, etc.; also, a short and lively air performed on hunting horns during the chase.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>fanfare</i> announcing the arrival of the various Christian princes.</blockquote> <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Fan"fa*ron</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., fr. Sp. <i>fanfarron</i>; cf. It. <i>fanfano</i>, and OSp. <i>fanfa</i> swaggering, boasting, also Ar. <i>farf&amacr;r</i> talkative.] <def>A bully; a hector; a swaggerer; an empty boaster.</def> [R.] <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fan*far`on*ade"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>fanfaronnade</i>, fr. Sp. <i>fanfarronada</i>. See <u>Fanfaron</u>.] <def>A swaggering; vain boasting; ostentation; a bluster.</def> <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fan"foot`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A species of gecko having the toes expanded into large lobes for adhesion. The Egyptian fanfoot (<i>Phyodactylus gecko</i>) is believed, by the natives, to have venomous toes.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>Any moth of the genus <i>Polypogon</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fang</hw> (f&abreve;ng), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [OE. <i>fangen</i>, <i>fongen</i>, <i>fon</i> (<i>g</i> orig. only in p. p. and imp. tense), AS. <i>f&omacr;n</i>; akin to D. <i>vangen</i>, OHG. <i>f&amacr;han</i>, G. <i>fahen</i>, <i>fangen</i>, Icel. <i>f&amacr;</i>, Sw. <i>f&aring;</i>, <i>f&aring;nga</i>, Dan. <i>fange</i>, <i>faae</i>, Goth. <i>fahan</i>, and prob. to E. <i>fair</i>, <i>peace</i>, <i>pact</i>. Cf. <u>Fair</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To catch; to seize, as with the teeth; to lay hold of; to gripe; to clutch.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>He's in the law's clutches; you see he's <i>fanged</i>.</blockquote> <i>J. Webster.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To enable to catch or tear; to furnish with fangs.</def> "Chariots <i>fanged</i> with scythes." <i>Philips.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fang</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From <u>Fang</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>; cf. AS. <i>fang</i> a taking, booty, G. <i>fang</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The tusk of an animal, by which the prey is seized and held or torn; a long pointed tooth; esp., one of the usually erectile, venomous teeth of serpents. Also, one of the falcers of a spider.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Since I am a dog, beware my <i>fangs</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Any shoot or other thing by which hold is taken.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The protuberant <i>fangs</i> of the yucca.</blockquote> <i>Evelyn.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>The root, or one of the branches of the root, of a tooth. See <u>Tooth</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Mining)</i> <def>A niche in the side of an adit or shaft, for an air course.</def> <i>Knight.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <i>(Mech.)</i> <def>A projecting tooth or prong, as in a part of a lock, or the plate of a belt clamp, or the end of a tool, as a chisel, where it enters the handle.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <i>(Naut.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The valve of a pump box.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A bend or loop of a rope.</def></p>

<p><col><b>In a fang</b></col>, <cd>fast entangled.</cd> — <col><b>To lose the fang</b></col>, <cd>said of a pump when the water has gone out</cd>; hence: <col><b>To fang a pump</b></col>, <cd>to supply it with the water necessary to make it operate.</cd> [Scot.]</p>

<p><hw>Fanged</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having fangs or tusks; as, a <i>fanged</i> adder. Also used figuratively.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fan"gle</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From <u>Fang</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>; hence, prop., a taking up a new thing.] <def>Something new-fashioned; a foolish innovation; a gewgaw; a trifling ornament.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fan"gle</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To fashion.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>To control and new <i>fangle</i> the Scripture.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fan"gled</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>New made; hence, gaudy; showy; vainly decorated. [Obs., except with the prefix <i>new</i>.] See <u>Newfangled</u>.</def> "Our <i>fangled</i> world." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fan"gle*ness</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Quality of being fangled.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>He them in new <i>fangleness</i> did pass.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fang"less</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Destitute of fangs or tusks.</def> "A <i>fangless</i> lion." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fan"got</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. It. <i>fagotto</i>, <i>fangotto</i>, a bundle. Cf. <u>Fagot</u>.] <def>A quantity of wares, as raw silk, etc., from one hundred weight.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fan"ion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Fanon</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Mil.)</i> <def>A small flag sometimes carried at the head of the baggage of a brigade.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A small flag for marking the stations in surveying.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fan"like`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Resembling a fan;</def> — specifically <i>(Bot.)</i>, <def>folded up like a fan, as certain leaves; plicate.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fan"nel</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Dim., from same source as <i>fanon</i>.] <def>Same as <u>Fanon</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fan"ner</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who fans.</def> <i>Jer. li. 2.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A fan wheel; a fan blower. See under <u>Fan</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fan"-nerved`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Bot. & Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Having the nerves or veins arranged in a radiating manner; — said of certain leaves, and of the wings of some insects.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fan"on</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>fanon</i>, LL. <i>fano</i>, fr. OHG. <i>fano</i> banner cloth, G. <i>fahne</i> banner. See <u>Vane</u>, and cf. <u>Fanion</u>, <u>Gonfalon</u>.] <i>(Eccl.)</i> <def>A term applied to various articles, as: <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> A peculiar striped scarf worn by the pope at mass, and by eastern bishops. <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> A maniple.</def> [Written also <i>fannel</i>, <i>phanon</i>, etc.]</p>

<p><hw>Fan" palm`</hw> (?). <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Any palm tree having fan-shaped or radiate leaves; as the <i>Cham&aelig;rops humilis</i> of Southern Europe; the species of <i>Sabal</i> and <i>Thrinax</i> in the West Indies, Florida, etc.; and especially the great talipot tree (<i>Corypha umbraculifera</i>) of Ceylon and Malaya. The leaves of the latter are often eighteen feet long and fourteen wide, and are used for umbrellas, tents, and roofs. When cut up, they are used for books and manuscripts.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fan"tail`</hw> (f&abreve;n"t&amacr;l`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zool.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A variety of the domestic pigeon, so called from the shape of the tail.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>Any bird of the Australian genus <i>Rhipidura</i>, in which the tail is spread in the form of a fan during flight. They belong to the family of flycatchers.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fan"-tailed`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Having an expanded, or fan-shaped, tail; as, the <i>fan-tailed</i> pigeon.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fan*ta"si*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [It. See <u>Fancy</u>.] <i>(Mus.)</i> <def>A continuous composition, not divided into what are called movements, or governed by the ordinary rules of musical design, but in which the author's fancy roves unrestricted by set form.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fan"ta*sied</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [From <u>Fantasy</u>.] <def>Filled with fancies or imaginations.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fan"tasm</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Phantasm</u>, <u>Fancy</u>.] <def>Same as <u>Phantasm</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fan"tast</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One whose manners or ideas are fantastic.</def> [R.] <i>Coleridge.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fan*tas"tic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [F. <i>fantastique</i>, fr. Gr. &?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?; able to represent, fr. &?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?; to make visible. See <u>Fancy</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Existing only in imagination; fanciful; imaginary; not real; chimerical.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Having the nature of a phantom; unreal.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Indulging the vagaries of imagination; whimsical; full of absurd fancies; capricious; as, <i>fantastic</i> minds; a <i>fantastic</i> mistress.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Resembling fantasies in irregularity, caprice, or eccentricity; irregular; oddly shaped; grotesque.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>There at the foot of yonder nodding beech,<BR> That wreathes its old <i>fantastic</i> roots so high.</blockquote> <i>T. Gray.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Fanciful; imaginative; ideal; visionary; capricious; chimerical; whimsical; queer. See <u>Fanciful</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Fan*tas"tic</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A person given to fantastic dress, manners, etc.; an eccentric person; a fop.</def> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Our <i>fantastics</i>, who, having a fine watch, take all ocasions to draw it out to be seen.</blockquote> <i>Fuller.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fan*tas"tic*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Fanciful; unreal; whimsical; capricious; fantastic.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fan*tas`ti*cal"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Fantastically.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Fan*tas"tic*al*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a fantastic manner.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>the letter A, in scarlet, <i>fantastically</i> embroidered with gold thread, upon her bosom.</blockquote> <i>Hawthorne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fan*tas"tic-al*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality of being fantastic.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fan*tas"ti*cism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality of being fantastical; fancifulness; whimsicality.</def> <i>Ruskin.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fan*tas"tic*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>Fantastically.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Fan*tas"tic*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Fantasticalness.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>||Fan*tas"ti*co</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [It.] <def>A fantastic.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fan"ta*sy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Fantasies</b></plw> (#). [See <u>Fancy</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Fancy; imagination; especially, a whimsical or fanciful conception; a vagary of the imagination; whim; caprice; humor.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Is not this something more than <i>fantasy</i> ?</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>A thousand <i>fantasies</i><BR> Begin to throng into my memory.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Fantastic designs.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Embroidered with <i>fantasies</i> and flourishes of gold thread.</blockquote> <i>Hawthorne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fan"ta*sy</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To have a fancy for; to be pleased with; to like; to fancy.</def> [Obs.] <i>Cavendish.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Which he doth most <i>fantasy</i>.</blockquote> <i>Robynson (More's Utopia).</i></p>

<p><hw>||Fan`toc*ci"ni</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [It., dim. fr. <i>fante</i> child.] <def>Puppets caused to perform evolutions or dramatic scenes by means of machinery; also, the representations in which they are used.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fan"tom</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Phantom</u>.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Fantom corn</b></col>, <cd>phantom corn.</cd> <i>Grose.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fap</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Fuddled.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fa*quir"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Fakir</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Far</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Farrow</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A young pig, or a litter of pigs.</def></p>

<p><hw>Far</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<u>Farther</u> (#) and <u>Farthest</u> (#) are used as the <pos><i>compar.</i></pos> and <pos><i>superl.</i></pos> of <i>far</i>, although they are corruptions arising from confusion with <i>further</i> and <i>furthest</i>. See <u>Further</u>.] [OE. <i>fer</i>, <i>feor</i>, AS. <i>feor</i>; akin to OS. <i>fer</i>, D. <i>ver</i>, OHG. <i>ferro</i>, adv., G. <i>fern</i>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>, Icel. <i>fjarri</i>, Dan. <i>fjirn</i>, Sw. <i>fjerran</i>, adv., Goth. <i>fa&imacr;rra</i>, adv., Gr. &?;&?;&?;&?;&?; beyond, Skr. <i>paras</i>, adv., far, and prob. to L. <i>per</i> through, and E. prefix <i>for-</i>, as in <i>for</i>give, and also to <i>fare</i>. Cf. <u>Farther</u>, <u>Farthest</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Distant in any direction; not near; remote; mutually separated by a wide space or extent.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>They said, . . . We be come from a <i>far</i> country.</blockquote> <i>Josh. ix. 6.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The nations <i>far</i> and near contend in choice.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Remote from purpose; contrary to design or wishes; as, <i>far</i> be it from me to justify cruelty.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Remote in affection or obedience; at a distance, morally or spiritually; t enmity with; alienated.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>They that are <i>far</i> from thee ahsll perish.</blockquote> <i>Ps. lxxiii. 27.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Widely different in nature or quality; opposite in character.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He was <i>far</i> from ill looking, though he thought himself still farther.</blockquote> <i>F. Anstey.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>The more distant of two; as, the <i>far</i> side (called also <i>off side</i>) of a horse, that is, the right side, or the one opposite to the rider when he mounts.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The distinction between the adjectival and adverbial use of <i>far</i> is sometimes not easily discriminated.</p>

<p><col><b>By far</b></col>, <cd>by much; by a great difference.</cd> — <col><b>Far between</b></col>, <cd>with a long distance (of space or time) between; at long intervals.</cd> "The examinations are few and <i>far between</i>." <i>Farrar.</i></p>

<p><hw>Far</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To a great extent or distance of space; widely; as, we are separated <i>far</i> from each other.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To a great distance in time from any point; remotely; as, he pushed his researches <i>far</i> into antiquity.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>In great part; as, the day is <i>far</i> spent.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>In a great proportion; by many degrees; very much; deeply; greatly.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Who can find a virtuous woman ? for her price is <i>far</i> above rubies.</blockquote> <i>Prov. xxxi. 10.</i></p>

<p><col><b>As far as</b></col>, <cd>to the extent, or degree, that. See <i>As far as</i>, under <u>As</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Far off</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>At a great distance, absolutely or relatively.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>Distant in sympathy or affection; alienated.</cd> "But now, in Christ Jesus, ye who some time were <i>far off</i> are made nigh by the blood of Christ." <i>Eph. ii. 13.</i> — <col><b>Far other</b></col>, <cd>different by a great degree; not the same; quite unlike.</cd> <i>Pope.</i> — <col><b>Far and near</b></col>, <cd>at a distance and close by; throughout a whole region.</cd> — <col><b>Far and wide</b></col>, <cd>distantly and broadly; comprehensively.</cd> "<i>Far and wide</i> his eye commands." <i>Milton.</i> — <col><b>From far</b></col>, <cd>from a great distance; from a remote place.</cd></p>

<p>&fist; <i>Far</i> often occurs in self-explaining compounds, such as <i>far</i>-extended, <i>far</i>-reaching, <i>far</i>-spread.</p>

<p><! p. 543 !></p>

<p><hw>Far"-a*bout`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A going out of the way; a digression.</def> [Obs.] <i>Fuller.</i></p>

<p><hw>Far"ad</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From Michael <i>Faraday</i>, the English electrician.] <i>(Elec.)</i> <def>The standard unit of electrical capacity; the capacity of a condenser whose charge, having an electro-motive force of one volt, is equal to the amount of electricity which, with the same electromotive force, passes through one ohm in one second; the capacity, which, charged with one coulomb, gives an electro-motive force of one volt.</def></p>

<p><hw>Far*ad"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to Michael <i>Faraday</i>, the distinguished electrician; — applied especially to induced currents of electricity, as produced by certain forms of inductive apparatus, on account of Faraday's investigations of their laws.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Far"a*dism</hw> (?), <hw>Far`a*di*za"tion</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>The treatment with faradic or induced currents of electricity for remedial purposes.</def></p>

<p><hw>Far"and</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Farrand</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></def></p>

<p><hw>Far"an*dams</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A fabrik made of silk and wool or hair.</def> <i>Simmonds.</i></p>

<p><hw>Far"ant*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See <u>Farrand</u>.] <def>Orderly; comely; respectable.</def> [Obs.] <i>Halliwell.</i></p>

<p><hw>Farce</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Farced</u> (?), <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Farcing</u> (&?;).] [F. <i>Farcir</i>, L. <i>farcire</i>; akin to Gr. &?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?; to fence in, stop up. Cf. <u>Force</u> to stuff, <u>Diaphragm</u>, <u>Frequent</u>, <u>Farcy</u>, <u>Farse</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To stuff with forcemeat; hence, to fill with mingled ingredients; to fill full; to stuff.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>The first principles of religion should not be <i>farced</i> with school points and private tenets.</blockquote> <i>Bp. Sanderson.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>His tippet was aye <i>farsed</i> full of knives.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To render fat.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>If thou wouldst <i>farce</i> thy lean ribs.</blockquote> <i>B. Jonson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To swell out; to render pompous.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote><i>Farcing</i> his letter with fustian.</blockquote> <i>Sandys.</i></p>

<p><hw>Farce</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>farce</i>, from L. <i>farsus</i> (also sometimes <i>farctus</i>), p. p. pf <i>farcire</i>. See <u>Farce</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Cookery)</i> <def>Stuffing, or mixture of viands, like that used on dressing a fowl; forcemeat.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A low style of comedy; a dramatic composition marked by low humor, generally written with little regard to regularity or method, and abounding with ludicrous incidents and expressions.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Farce</i> is that in poetry which "grotesque" is in a picture: the persons and action of a <i>farce</i> are all unnatural, and the manners false.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Ridiculous or empty show; as, a mere <i>farce</i>.</def> "The <i>farce</i> of state." <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><hw>Farce"ment</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Stuffing; forcemeat.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>They spoil a good dish with . . . unsavory <i>farcements</i>.</blockquote> <i>Feltham.</i></p>

<p><hw>Far"ci*cal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pertaining to farce; appropriated to farce; ludicrous; unnatural; unreal.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>They deny the characters to be <i>farcical</i>, because they are &?;&?;tually in in nature.</blockquote> <i>Gay.</i></p>

<p>— <wf>Far"ci*cal*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> - <wf>Far"ci*cal*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Far"ci*cal</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to the disease called farcy. See <u>Farcy</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></def></p>

<p><hw>Far"ci*lite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Farce</i>+- <i>lite</i>.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>Pudding stone.</def> [Obs.] <i>Kirwan.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Far"ci*men</hw> (?), <hw>Far"cin</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Far.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Farcy</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Far"cing</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Cookery)</i> <def>Stuffing; forcemeat.</def></p>

<p><hw>Farc"tate</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>farctus</i>, p. p. of <i>farcire</i>. See <u>Farce</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Stuffed; filled solid; as, a <i>farctate</i> leaf, stem, or pericarp; — opposed to <i>tubular</i> or <i>hollow</i>.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Far"cy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>farcin</i>; cf. L. <i>farciminum</i> a disease of horses, fr. <i>farcire</i>. See <u>Farce</u>.] <i>(Far.)</i> <def>A contagious disease of horses, associated with painful ulcerating enlargements, esp. upon the head and limbs. It is of the same nature as glanders, and is often fatal. Called also <i>farcin</i>, and <i>farcimen</i>.</def></p>

<p>&fist; <i>Farcy</i>, although more common in horses, is communicable to other animals and to human beings.</p>

<p><col><b>Farcy bud</b></col>, <cd>a hard, prominent swelling occurring upon the cutaneous surface in farcy, due to the obstruction and inflammation of the lymphatic vessels, and followed by ulceration.</cd> <i>Youatt.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fard</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., prob. fr. OHG. gi<i>farit</i>, gi<i>farwit</i> p. p. of <i>farwjan</i> to color, tinge, fr. <i>farawa</i> color, G. <i>farbe</i>.] <def>Paint used on the face.</def> [Obs.] "Painted with French <i>fard</i>." <i>J. Whitaker.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fard</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [F. <i>farder</i> to paint one's face.] <def>To paint; — said esp. of one's face.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shenstone.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Far`dage"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. See <u>Fardel</u>.] <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>See <u>Dunnage</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Far"del</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>fardel</i>, F. <i>fardeau</i>; cf. Sp. <i>fardel</i>, <i>fardillo</i>, <i>fardo</i>, LL. <i>fardellus</i>; prob. fr. Ar. <i>fard</i> one of the two parts of an object divisible into two, hence, one of the two parts of a camel's load. Cf. <u>Furl</u>.] <def>A bundle or little pack; hence, a burden.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>A <i>fardel</i> of never-ending misery and suspense.</blockquote> <i>Marryat.</i></p>

<p><hw>Far"del</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To make up in fardels.</def> [Obs.] <i>Fuller.</i></p>

<p><hw>Far"ding-bag`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Of uncertain origin; cf. <u>Fardel</u>.] <def>The upper stomach of a cow, or other ruminant animal; the rumen.</def></p>

<p><hw>Far"ding*dale</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A farthingale.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Far"ding*deal</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Farthing</u>, and <u>Deal</u> a part.] <def>The fourth part of an acre of land.</def> [Obs.] [Written also <i>farding dale</i>, <i>fardingale</i>, etc.]</p>

<p><hw>Fare</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Fared</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Faring</u>.] [AS. <i>faran</i> to travel, fare; akin to OS., Goth., & OHG. <i>faran</i> to travel, go, D. <i>varen</i>, G. <i>fahren</i>, OFries., Icel., & Sw. <i>fara</i>, Dan. <i>fare</i>, Gr. &?;&?;&?;&?;&?; a way through, &?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?; a ferry, strait, &?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?; to convey, &?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?; to go, march, &?;&?;&?;&?;&?; beyond, on the other side, &?;&?;&?;&?;&?; to pass through, L. <i>peritus</i> experienced, <i>portus</i> port, Skr. <i>par</i> to bring over. &radic;78. Cf. <u>Chaffer</u>, <u>Emporium</u>, <u>Far</u>, <u>Ferry</u>, <u>Ford</u>, <u>Peril</u>, <u>Port</u> a harbor, <u>Pore</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To go; to pass; to journey; to travel.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>So on he <i>fares</i>, and to the border comes<BR> Of Eden.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To be in any state, or pass through any experience, good or bad; to be attended with any circummstances or train of events, fortunate or unfortunate; as, he <i>fared</i> well, or ill.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>So <i>fares</i> the stag among the enraged hounds.</blockquote> <i>Denham.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>I bid you most heartily well to <i>fare</i>.</blockquote> <i>Robynson (More's Utopia).</i></p>

<p><blockquote>So <i>fared</i> the knight between two foes.</blockquote> <i>Hudibras.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To be treated or entertained at table, or with bodily or social comforts; to live.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>There was a certain rich man which . . . <i>fared</i> sumptuously every day.</blockquote> <i>Luke xvi. 19.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To happen well, or ill; — used impersonally; as, we shall see how it will <i>fare</i> with him.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>So <i>fares</i> it when with truth falsehood contends.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>To behave; to conduct one's self.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>She <i>ferde</i> [fared] as she would die.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fare</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>faru</i> journey, fr. <i>faran</i>. See <u>Fare</u>, <pos><i>v.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A journey; a passage.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>That nought might stay his <i>fare</i>.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The price of passage or going; the sum paid or due for conveying a person by land or water; as, the <i>fare</i> for crossing a river; the <i>fare</i> in a coach or by railway.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Ado; bustle; business.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>The warder chid and made <i>fare</i>.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Condition or state of things; fortune; hap; cheer.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>What <i>fare</i>? what news abroad ?</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>Food; provisions for the table; entertainment; as, coarse <i>fare</i>; delicious <i>fare</i>.</def> "Philosophic <i>fare</i>." <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>The person or persons conveyed in a vehicle; as, a full <i>fare</i> of passengers.</def> <i>A. Drummond.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <def>The catch of fish on a fishing vessel.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Bill of fare</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Bill</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Fare</b></col> <col><b>indicator or register</b></col>, <cd>a device for recording the number of passengers on a street car, etc.</cd> — <col><b>Fare wicket</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>A gate or turnstile at the entrance of toll bridges, exhibition grounds, etc., for registering the number of persons passing it.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>An opening in the door of a street car for purchasing tickets of the driver or passing fares to the conductor.</cd> <i>Knight.</i> </p>

<p><hw>Far"en</hw> (?), obs. <def><pos><i>p. p.</i></pos> of <u>Fare</u>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos></def> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fare`well"</hw> (?), <pos><i>interj.</i></pos> [<i>Fare</i> (thou, you) + <i>well</i>.] <def>Go well; good-by; adieu; — originally applied to a person departing, but by custom now applied both to those who depart and those who remain. It is often separated by the pronoun; as, <i>fare</i> you <i>well</i>; and is sometimes used as an expression of separation only; as, <i>farewell</i> the year; <i>farewell</i>, ye sweet groves; that is, I bid you <i>farewell</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>So <i>farewell</i> hope, and with hope, <i>farewell</i> fear.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Fare</i> thee <i>well</i>! and if forever,<BR> Still forever <i>fare</i> thee <i>well</i>.</blockquote> <i>Byron.</i></p>

<p>&fist; The primary accent is sometimes placed on the first syllable, especially in poetry.</p>

<p><hw>Fare`well"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A wish of happiness or welfare at parting; the parting compliment; a good-by; adieu.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Act of departure; leave-taking; a last look at, or reference to something.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>And takes her <i>farewell</i> of the glorious sun.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Before I take my <i>farewell</i> of the subject.</blockquote> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fare"well`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Parting; valedictory; final; as, a <i>farewell</i> discourse; his <i>farewell</i> bow.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Leans in his spear to take his <i>farewell</i> view.</blockquote> <i>Tickell.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Farewell rock</b></col> <i>(Mining)</i>, <cd>the Millstone grit; — so called because no coal is found worth working below this stratum. It is used for hearths of furnaces, having power to resist intense heat.</cd> <i>Ure.</i></p>

<p><hw>Far"fet`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Far</i> + <i>fet</i>, <pos><i>p. p.</i></pos> of <u>Fette</u>.] <def>Farfetched.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>York with his <i>farfet</i> policy.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Far"fetch`</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<i>Far</i> + <i>fetch</i>.] <def>To bring from far; to seek out studiously.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>To <i>farfetch</i> the name of Tartar from a Hebrew word.</blockquote> <i>Fuller.</i></p>

<p><hw>Far"fetch`</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Anything brought from far, or brought about with studious care; a deep strategem.</def> [Obs.] "Politic <i>farfetches</i>." <i>Hudibras.</i></p>

<p><hw>Far"fetched`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Brought from far, or from a remote place.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Every remedy contained a multitude of <i>farfetched</i> and heterogeneous ingredients.</blockquote> <i>Hawthorne.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Studiously sought; not easily or naturally deduced or introduced; forced; strained.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fa*ri"na</hw> (f&adot;*r&imacr;"n&adot; <i>or</i> f&adot;*r&emacr;"n&adot;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., meal, flour, fr. <i>far</i> a sort of grain, spelt; akin to E. <i>barley</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A fine flour or meal made from cereal grains or from the starch or fecula of vegetables, extracted by various processes, and used in cookery.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Pollen.</def> [R.] <i>Craig.</i></p>

<p><hw>Far`i*na"ceous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>farinaceus</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Consisting or made of meal or flour; as, a <i>farinaceous</i> diet.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Yielding farina or flour; as, <i>ffarinaceous</i> seeds.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Like meal; mealy; pertaining to meal; as, a <i>farinaceous</i> taste, smell, or appearance.</def></p>

<p><hw>Far`i*nose"</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>farinosus</i>: cf. F. <i>farineux</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Yielding farina; as, <i>farinose</i> substances.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Bot. & Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Covered with a sort of white, mealy powder, as the leaves of some poplars, and the body of certain insects; mealy.</def></p>

<p><hw>Farl</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Furl</u>.</def> [Obs.] <i>Beau. & Fl.</i></p>

<p><hw>Far"lie</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>ferlish</i> wonder, as adj., strange, sudden, fearful, AS. <i>f&aemacr;rl&imacr;c</i> sudden. See <u>Fear</u>.] <def>An unusual or unexpected thing; a wonder. See <u>Fearly</u>.</def> [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] <i>Drayton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Farm</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>ferme</i> rent, lease, F. <i>ferme</i>, LL. <i>firma</i>, fr. L. <i>firmus</i> firm, fast, <i>firmare</i> to make firm or fast. See <u>Firm</u>, <pos><i>a. & n.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The rent of land, — originally paid by reservation of part of its products.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The term or tenure of a lease of land for cultivation; a leasehold.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>It is great willfulness in landlords to make any longer <i>farms</i> to their tenants.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>The land held under lease and by payment of rent for the purpose of cultivation.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Any tract of land devoted to agricultural purposes, under the management of a tenant or the owner.</def></p>

<p>&fist; In English the ideas of a lease, a term, and a rent, continue to be in a great degree inseparable, even from the popular meaning of a <i>farm</i>, as they are entirely so from the legal sense. <i>Burrill.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>A district of country leased (or farmed) out for the collection of the revenues of government.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The province was devided into twelve <i>farms</i>.</blockquote> <i>Burke.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <i>(O. Eng. Law)</i> <def>A lease of the imposts on particular goods; as, the sugar <i>farm</i>, the silk <i>farm</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Whereas G. H. held the <i>farm</i> of sugars upon a rent of 10,000 marks per annum.</blockquote> <i>State Trials (1196).</i></p>

<p><hw>Farm</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Farmed</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Farming</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To lease or let for an equivalent, as land for a rent; to yield the use of to proceeds.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>We are enforced to <i>farm</i> our royal realm.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To give up to another, as an estate, a business, the revenue, etc., on condition of receiving in return a percentage of what it yields; as, to <i>farm</i> the taxes.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>To <i>farm</i> their subjects and their duties toward these.</blockquote> <i>Burke.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To take at a certain rent or rate.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To devote (land) to agriculture; to cultivate, as land; to till, as a farm.</def></p>

<p><col><b>To farm let</b></col>, <col><b>To let to farm</b></col>, <cd>to lease on rent.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Farm</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To engage in the business of tilling the soil; to labor as a farmer.</def></p>

<p><hw>Farm"a*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Capable of being farmed.</def></p>

<p><hw>Farm"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>fermier</i>.] <def>One who farms</def>; as: <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>One who hires and cultivates a farm; a cultivator of leased ground; a tenant.</def> <i>Smart.</i> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>One who is devoted to the tillage of the soil; one who cultivates a farm; an agriculturist; a husbandman.</def> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <def>One who takes taxes, customs, excise, or other duties, to collect, either paying a fixed annuual rent for the privilege; as, a <i>farmer</i> of the revenues.</def> <sd><i>(d)</i></sd> <i>(Mining)</i> <def>The lord of the field, or one who farms the lot and cope of the crown.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Farmer-general</b></col> [F. <i>fermier-general</i>], <cd>one to whom the right of levying certain taxes, in a particular district, was <i>farmed out</i>, under the former French monarchy, for a given sum paid down.</cd> — <col><b>Farmers' satin</b></col>, <cd>a light material of cotton and worsted, used for coat linings.</cd> <i>McElrath.</i> — <col><b>The king's farmer</b></col> <i>(O. Eng. Law)</i>, <cd>one to whom the collection of a royal revenue was farmed out.</cd> <i>Burrill.</i></p>

<p><hw>Farm"er*ess</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A woman who farms.</def></p>

<p><hw>Farm"er*ship</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Skill in farming.</def></p>

<p><hw>Farm"er*y</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The buildings and yards necessary for the business of a farm; a homestead.</def> [Eng.]</p>

<p><hw>Farm"house`</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A dwelling house on a farm; a farmer's residence.</def></p>

<p><hw>Farm"ing</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pertaining to agriculture; devoted to, adapted to, or engaged in, farming; as, <i>farming</i> tools; <i>farming</i> land; a <i>farming</i> community.</def></p>

<p><hw>Farm"ing</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The business of cultivating land.</def></p>

<p><hw>Far"most`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Most distant; farthest.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A spacious cave within its <i>farmost</i> part.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Farm"stead</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A farm with the building upon it; a homestead on a farm.</def> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>With its pleasant groves and <i>farmsteads</i>.</blockquote> <i>Carlyle.</i></p>

<p><hw>Farm"stead*ing</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A farmstead.</def> [Scot.] <i>Black.</i></p>

<p><hw>Farm"yard`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The yard or inclosure attached to a barn, or the space inclosed by the farm buildings.</def></p>

<p><hw>Far"ness</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From <u>Far</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <def>The state of being far off; distance; remoteness.</def> [R.] <i>Grew.</i></p>

<p><hw>Far"o</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Said to be so called because the Egyptian king <i>Pharaoh</i> was formerly represented upon one of the cards.] <def>A gambling game at cards, in which all the other players play against the dealer or banker, staking their money upon the order in which the cards will lie and be dealt from the pack.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Faro bank</b></col>, <cd>the capital which the proprietor of a faro table ventures in the game; also, the place where a game of faro is played.</cd> <i>Hoyle.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fa`ro*ese`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. sing. & pl.</i></pos> <def>An inhabitant, or, collectively, inhabitants, of the Faroe islands.</def></p>

<p><hw>Far"-off`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Remote; as, the <i>far-off</i> distance. Cf. <i>Far-off</i>, under <u>Far</u>, adv.</def></p>

<p><hw>Far*rag*i*nous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See <u>Farrago</u>.] <def>Formed of various materials; mixed; as, a <i>farraginous</i> mountain.</def> [R.] <i>Kirwan.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>A <i>farraginous</i> concurrence of all conditions, tempers, sexes, and ages.</blockquote> <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Far*ra"go</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>farrago</i>, <i>-aginis</i>, mixed fodder for cattle, mash, medley, fr. <i>far</i> a sort of grain. See <u>Farina</u>.] <def>A mass composed of various materials confusedly mixed; a medley; a mixture.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A confounded <i>farrago</i> of doubts, fears, hopes, wishes, and all the flimsy furniture of a country miss's brain.</blockquote> <i>Sheridan.</i></p>

<p><hw>Far"rand</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>farand</i> beautiful; cf. Gael. <i>farranta</i> neat, stout, stately; or perh. akin to E. <i>fare</i>.] <def>Manner; custom; fashion; humor.</def> [Prov. Eng.] [Written also <i>farand</i>.] <i>Grose.</i></p>

<p><hw>Far`re*a"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>farreatio</i>.] <def>Same as <u>Confarreation</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Far"ri*er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>farrour</i>, <i>ferrer</i>, OF. <i>ferreor</i>, <i>ferrier</i>, LL. <i>Ferrator</i>, <i>ferrarius equorum</i>, from <i>ferrare</i> to shoe a horse, <i>ferrum</i> a horseshoe, fr. L. <i>ferrum</i> iron. Cf. <u>Ferreous</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A shoer of horses; a veterinary surgeon.</def></p>

<p><hw>Far"ri*er</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To practice as a farrier; to carry on the trade of a farrier.</def> [Obs.] <i>Mortimer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Far"ri*er*y</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The art of shoeing horses.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The art of preventing, curing, or mitigating diseases of horses and cattle; the veterinary art.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>The place where a smith shoes horses.</def></p>

<p><! p. 544 !></p>

<p><hw>Far"row</hw> (f&abreve;r"r&osl;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>fearh</i> a little pig; a akin to OHG. <i>farh</i>, <i>farah</i>, pig, dim. <i>farheli</i> little pig, G. <i>fercel</i>, D. <i>varken</i> pig, Lith. <i>parszas</i> OIr. <i>orc</i>, L. <i>porcus</i>, Gr. <grk>po`rkos</grk>. Cf. <u>Pork</u>.] <def>A litter of pigs.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Far"row</hw>, <pos><i>v. t. & i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Farrowed</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Farrowing</u>.] <def>To bring forth (young); — said only of swine.</def> <i>Tusser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Far"row</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. Scot. <i>ferry cow</i> a cow that is not with calf, D. <i>vaarkoe</i>, <i>vaars</i>, heifer, G. <i>f&auml;rse</i>, AS. <i>fearr</i> bull, G. <i>farre</i>. Cf. <u>Heifer</u>.] <def>Not producing young in a given season or year; - - said only of cows.</def></p>

<p>&fist; If a cow has had a calf, but fails in a subsequent year, she is said to be <i>farrow</i>, or to go <i>farrow</i>.</p>

<p><hw>Far"ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A farrow.</def> [Obs.] <i>Perry.</i></p>

<p><hw>Farse</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Farce</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <i>(Eccl.)</i> <def>An addition to, or a paraphrase of, some part of the Latin service in the vernacular; — common in English before the Reformation.</def></p>

<p><hw>Far"see`ing</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Able to see to a great distance; farsighted.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Having foresight as regards the future.</def></p>

<p><hw>Far"sight`ed</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Seeing to great distance; hence, of good judgment regarding the remote effects of actions; sagacious.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Hypermetropic.</def></p>

<p><hw>Far"sight`ed*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Quality of bbeing farsighted.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Hypermetropia.</def></p>

<p><hw>Far"-stretched`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Stretched beyond ordinary limits.</def></p>

<p><hw>Far"ther</hw> (f&auml;r"&thlig;&etilde;r), <pos><i>a.</i></pos>, <pos><i>compar.</i></pos> of <u>Far</u>. [<pos><i>superl.</i></pos> <u>Farthest</u> (-&thlig;&ebreve;st). See <u>Further</u>.] [For <i>farrer</i>, OE. <i>ferrer</i>, compar. of <i>far</i>; confused with <i>further</i>. Cf. <u>Farthest</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>More remote; more distant than something else.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Tending to a greater distance; beyond a certain point; additional; further.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Before our <i>farther</i> way the fates allow.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Let me add a <i>farther</i> Truth.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Some <i>farther</i> change awaits us.</blockquote> <i>MIlton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Far"ther</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>At or to a greater distance; more remotely; beyond; as, let us rest with what we have, without looking <i>farther</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Moreover; by way of progress in treating a subject; as, <i>farther</i>, let us consider the probable event.</def></p>

<p><col><b>No farther</b></col>, <cd>(used elliptically for) go no farther; say no more, etc.</cd></p>

<p><blockquote>It will be dangerous to go on. <i>No farther</i> !</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Far"ther</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To help onward. [R.] See <u>Further</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Far"ther*ance</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Obs.] <def>See <u>Furtherance</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Far"ther*more`</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> [Obs.] <def>See <u>Furthermore</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Far"ther*most`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Most remote; farthest.</def></p>

<p><hw>Far"thest</hw> (f&auml;r"&thlig;&ebreve;st), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <pos><i>Superl.</i></pos> of <u>far</u>. [See <u>Farther</u> and cf. <u>Furthest</u>] <def>Most distant or remote; as, the <i>farthest</i> degree. See <u>Furthest</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Far"thest</hw> <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>At or to the greatest distance. See <u>Furthest</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Far"thing</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>furthing</i>, AS. <i>fe&oacute;r&eth;ung</i>, fr. <i>fe&oacute;r&eth;a</i> fourth, <i>fe&oacute;r</i>, <i>fe&oacute;wer</i>, four. See <u>Four</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The fourth of a penny; a small copper coin of Great Britain, being a cent in United States currency.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A very small quantity or value.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>In her cup was no <i>farthing</i> seen of grease.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A division of land.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Thirty acres make a <i>farthing</i> land; nine <i>farthings</i> a Cornish acre; and four Cornish acres a knight's fee.</blockquote> <i>R. Carew.</i></p>

<p><hw>Far"thin*gale</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>vardingale</i>, <i>fardingale</i>, fr. OF. <i>vertugale</i>, <i>verdugade</i>, F. <i>vertugade</i>, <i>vertugadin</i>, from Sp. <i>verdugado</i>, being named from its hoops, fr. <i>verdugo</i> a young shoot of tree, fr. <i>verde</i> green, fr. L. <i>viridis</i>. See <u>Verdant</u>.] <def>A hoop skirt or hoop petticoat, or other light, elastic material, used to extend the petticoat.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>We'll revel it as bravely as the best, . . . <BR> With ruffs and cuffs, and <i>farthingales</i> and things.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Fas"ces</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [L., <pos><i>pl.</i></pos> of <i>fascis</i> bundle; cf. <i>fascia</i> a band, and Gr. <grk>fa`kelos</grk> a bundle.], <i>(Rom. Antiq.)</i> <def>A bundle of rods, having among them an ax with the blade projecting, borne before the Roman magistrates as a badge of their authority.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fas"cet</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Glass Making)</i> <def>A wire basket on the end of a rod to carry glass bottles, etc., to the annealing furnace; also, an iron rod to be thrust into the mouths of bottles, and used for the same purpose; — called also <i>pontee</i> and <i>punty</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Fas"ci*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Fasci&aelig;</b></plw> (#). [L., a band: cf. It. <i>fascia</i>. See <u>Fasces</u>, and cf. <u>Fess</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A band, sash, or fillet; especially, in surgery, a bandage or roller.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>A flat member of an order or building, like a flat band or broad fillet; especially, one of the three bands which make up the architrave, in the Ionic order. See <i>Illust.</i> of <u>Column</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>The layer of loose tissue, often containing fat, immediately beneath the skin; the stronger layer of connective tissue covering and investing all muscles; an aponeurosis.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A broad well-defined band of color.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fas"ci*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Pertaining to the fasces.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Relating to a fascia.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Fas"ci*ate</hw> (?), <hw>Fas"ci*a`ted</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>fasciatus</i>, p. p. of <i>fasciare</i> to envelop with bands, fr. <i>fascia</i> band. See <u>Fasces</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Bound with a fillet, sash, or bandage.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>Banded or compacted together.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>Flattened and laterally widened, as are often the stems of the garden cockscomb.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Broadly banded with color.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fas`ci*a"tion</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The act or manner of binding up; bandage; also, the condition of being fasciated.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fas"ci*cle</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>fasciculus</i>, dim. of <i>fascis</i>. See <u>Fasces</u>.] <def>A small bundle or collection; a compact cluster; as, a <i>fascicle</i> of fibers; a <i>fascicle</i> of flowers or roots.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fas"ci*cled</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Growing in a bundle, tuft, or close cluster; as, the <i>fascicled</i> leaves of the pine or larch; the <i>fascicled</i> roots of the dahlia; <i>fascicled</i> muscle fibers; <i>fascicled</i> tufts of hair.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fas*cic"u*lar</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pertaining to a fascicle; fascicled; as, a <i>fascicular</i> root.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fas*cic"u*lar*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a fascicled manner.</def> <i>Kirwan.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Fas*cic"u*late</hw> (?), <hw>Fas*cic"u*la`ted</hw> (?),} <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Grouped in a fascicle; fascicled.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Fas*cic"u*lus</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Fasciculi</b></plw> (#). [L. See <u>Fascicle</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A little bundle; a fascicle.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A division of a book.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fas"ci*nate</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Fascinated</u> (?), <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos>. <u>Fascinating</u> (&?;).] [L. <i>fascinare</i>; cf. Gr. &?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?; to slander, bewitch.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To influence in an uncontrollable manner; to operate on by some powerful or irresistible charm; to bewitch; to enchant.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>It has been almost universally believed that . . . serpents can stupefy and <i>fascinate</i> the prey which they are desirous to obtain.</blockquote> <i>Griffith (Cuvier).</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To excite and allure irresistibly or powerfully; to charm; to captivate, as by physical or mental charms.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>There be none of the passions that have been noted to <i>fascinate</i> or bewitch but love and envy.</blockquote> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — To charm; enrapture; captivate; enchant; bewitch; attract.</p>

<p><hw>Fas`ci*na"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>fascinatio</i>; cf. F. <i>fascination</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of fascinating, bewitching, or enchanting; enchantment; witchcraft; the exercise of a powerful or irresistible influence on the affections or passions; unseen, inexplicable influence.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The Turks hang old rags . . . upon their fairest horses, and other goodly creatures, to secure them against <i>fascination</i>.</blockquote> <i>Waller.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The state or condition of being fascinated.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>That which fascinates; a charm; a spell.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>There is a certain bewitchery or <i>fascination</i> in words.</blockquote> <i>South.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fas*cine"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., fr. L. <i>fascina</i> a bundle of sticks, fr. <i>fascis</i>. See <u>Fasces</u>.] <i>(Fort. & Engin.)</i> <def>A cylindrical bundle of small sticks of wood, bound together, used in raising batteries, filling ditches, strengthening ramparts, and making parapets; also in revetments for river banks, and in mats for dams, jetties, etc.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fas"ci*nous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>fascinum</i> witchcraft, akin to <i>fascinare</i>. See <u>Fascinate</u>.] <def>Caused or acting by witchcraft.</def> [Obs.] "<i>Fascinous</i> diseases." <i>Harvey.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Fas*ci"o*la</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>;<i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Fasciol&aelig;</b></plw> (#). [See <u>Fasciole</u>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>A band of gray matter bordering the fimbria in the brain; the dentate convolution.</def> <i>Wilder.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fas"ci*ole</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>fasciola</i> a little bandage. See <u>Fascia</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A band of minute tubercles, bearing modified spines, on the shells of spatangoid sea urchins. See <u>Spatangoidea</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fash</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Fashed</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Fashing</u>.] [OF. <i>faschier</i>, F. <i>f&?;cher</i>, to anger, vex; cf. Pr. <i>fasticar</i>, <i>fastigar</i>, fr. L. <i>fastidium</i> dilike. See <u>Fastidious</u>.] <def>To vex; to tease; to trouble.</def> [Scot.]</p>

<p><hw>Fash</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Vexation; anxiety; care.</def> [Scot.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Without further <i>fash</i> on my part.</blockquote> <i>De Quincey.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fash"ion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>fasoun</i>, <i>facioun</i>, shape, manner, F. <i>facon</i>, orig., a making, fr. L. <i>factio</i> a making, fr. <i>facere</i> to make. See <u>Fact</u>, <u>Feat</u>, and cf. <u>Faction</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The make or form of anything; the style, shape, appearance, or mode of structure; pattern, model; as, the <i>fashion</i> of the ark, of a coat, of a house, of an altar, etc.; workmanship; execution.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>fashion</i> of his countenance was altered.</blockquote> <i>Luke ix. 29.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>I do not like the <i>fashion</i> of your garments.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The prevailing mode or style, especially of dress; custom or conventional usage in respect of dress, behavior, etiquette, etc.; particularly, the mode or style usual among persons of good breeding; as, to dress, dance, sing, ride, etc., in the <i>fashion</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The innocent diversions in <i>fashion</i>.</blockquote> <i>Locke.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>As now existing, <i>fashion</i> is a form of social regulation analogous to constitutional government as a form of political regulation.</blockquote> <i>H. Spencer.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Polite, fashionable, or genteel life; social position; good breeding; as, men of <i>fashion</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Mode of action; method of conduct; manner; custom; sort; way.</def> "After his sour <i>fashion</i>." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><col><b>After a fashion</b></col>, <cd>to a certain extent; in a sort.</cd> — <col><b>Fashion piece</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>one of the timbers which terminate the transom, and define the shape of the stern.</cd> — <col><b>Fashion plate</b></col>, <cd>a pictorial design showing the prevailing style or a new style of dress.</cd> </p>

<p><hw>Fash"ion</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Fashioned</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Fashioning</u>.] [Cf. F. <i>faconner</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To form; to give shape or figure to; to mold.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Here the loud hammer <i>fashions</i> female toys.</blockquote> <i>Gay.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Ingenious art . . . <BR> Steps forth to <i>fashion</i> and refine the age.</blockquote> <i>Cowper.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To fit; to adapt; to accommodate; — with <i>to</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Laws ought to be <i>fashioned</i> to the manners and conditions of the people.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To make according to the rule prescribed by custom.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Fashioned</i> plate sells for more than its weight.</blockquote> <i>Locke.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To forge or counterfeit.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Fashioning needle</b></col> <i>(Knitting Machine)</i>, <cd>a needle used for widening or narrowing the work and thus shaping it.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fash"ion*a*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Conforming to the fashion or established mode; according with the prevailing form or style; as, a <i>fashionable</i> dress.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Established or favored by custom or use; current; prevailing at a particular time; as, the <i>fashionable</i> philosophy; <i>fashionable</i> opinions.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Observant of the fashion or customary mode; dressing or behaving according to the prevailing fashion; as, a <i>fashionable</i> man.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Genteel; well-bred; as, <i>fashionable</i> society.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Time is like a <i>fashionable</i> host<BR> That slightly shakes his parting guest by the hand.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fash"ion*a*ble</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A person who conforms to the fashions; — used chiefly in the plural.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fash"ion*a*ble*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>State of being fashionable.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fash"ion*a*bly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a fashionable manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fash"ioned</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having a certain style or fashion; as old-<i>fashioned</i>; new- <i>fashioned</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fash"ion*er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who fashions, forms, ar gives shape to anything.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>fashioner</i> had accomplished his task, and the dresses were brought home.</blockquote> <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fash"ion*ist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>An obsequious follower of the modes and fashions.</def> [R.] <i>Fuller.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fash"ion*less</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having no fashion.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fash"ion-mon`ger</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who studies the fashions; a fop; a dandy.</def> <i>Marston.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fash"ion-mon`ger*ing</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Behaving like a fashion-monger.</def> [R.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fas"sa*ite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Min.)</i> <def>A variety of pyroxene, from the valley of <i>Fassa</i>, in the Tyrol.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fast</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Fasted</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Fasting</u>.] [AS. <i>f&aelig;stan</i>; <i>akin to D</i>. <i>vasten</i>, OHG. <i>fast&emacr;n</i>, G. <i>fasten</i>, Icel. & Sw. <i>fasta</i>, Dan. <i>faste</i>, Goth. <i>fastan</i> to keep, observe, fast, and prob. to E. <i>fast</i> firm.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To abstain from food; to omit to take nourishment in whole or in part; to go hungry.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Fasting</i> he went to sleep, and <i>fasting</i> waked.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To practice abstinence as a religious exercise or duty; to abstain from food voluntarily for a time, for the mortification of the body or appetites, or as a token of grief, or humiliation and penitence.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Thou didst <i>fast</i> and weep for the child.</blockquote> <i>2 Sam. xii. 21.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Fasting day</b></col>, <cd>a fast day; a day of fasting.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fast</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>faste</i>, <i>fast</i>; cf. AS. <i>f&aelig;sten</i>, OHG. <i>fasta</i>, G. <i>faste</i>. See <u>Fast</u>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Abstinence from food; omission to take nourishment.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Surfeit is the father of much <i>fast</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Voluntary abstinence from food, for a space of time, as a spiritual discipline, or as a token of religious humiliation.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A time of fasting, whether a day, week, or longer time; a period of abstinence from food or certain kinds of food; as, an annual <i>fast</i>.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Fast day</b></col>, <cd>a day appointed for fasting, humiliation, and religious offices as a means of invoking the favor of God.</cd> — <col><b>To break one's fast</b></col>, <cd>to put an end to a period of abstinence by taking food; especially, to take one's morning meal; to breakfast.</cd> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fast</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<pos><i>Compar.</i></pos> <u>Faster</u> (?); <pos><i>superl.</i></pos> <u>Fastest</u> (?).] [OE., firm, strong, not loose, AS. <i>f&?;st</i>; akin to OS. <i>fast</i>, D. <i>vast</i>, OHG. <i>fasti</i>, <i>festi</i>, G. <i>fest</i>, Icel. <i>fastr</i>, Sw. & Dan. <i>fast</i>, and perh. to E. <i>fetter</i>. The sense <i>swift</i> comes from the idea of keeping close to what is pursued; a Scandinavian use. Cf. <u>Fast</u>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos>, <u>Fast</u>, <pos><i>v.</i></pos>, <u>Avast</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Firmly fixed; closely adhering; made firm; not loose, unstable, or easily moved; immovable; as, to make <i>fast</i> the door.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>There is an order that keeps things <i>fast</i>.</blockquote> <i>Burke.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Firm against attack; fortified by nature or art; impregnable; strong.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Outlaws . . . lurking in woods and <i>fast</i> places.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Firm in adherence; steadfast; not easily separated or alienated; faithful; as, a <i>fast</i> friend.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Permanent; not liable to fade by exposure to air or by washing; durable; lasting; as, <i>fast</i> colors.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>Tenacious; retentive.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Roses, damask and red, are <i>fast</i> flowers of their smells.</blockquote> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>Not easily disturbed or broken; deep; sound.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>All this while in a most <i>fast</i> sleep.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <def>Moving rapidly; quick in mition; rapid; swift; as, a <i>fast</i> horse.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>8.</b></sn> <def>Given to pleasure seeking; disregardful of restraint; reckless; wild; dissipated; dissolute; as, a <i>fast</i> man; a <i>fast</i> liver.</def> <i>Thackeray.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Fast and loose</b></col>, <cd>now cohering, now disjoined; inconstant, esp. in the phrases <i>to play at fast and loose</i>, <i>to play fast and loose</i>, to act with giddy or reckless inconstancy or in a tricky manner; to say one thing and do another.</cd> "<i>Play fast and loose</i> with faith." <i>Shak.</i> - - <col><b>Fast and loose pulleys</b></col> <i>(Mach.)</i>, <cd>two pulleys placed side by side on a revolving shaft, which is driven from another shaft by a band, and arranged to disengage and re&euml;ngage the machinery driven thereby. When the machinery is to be stopped, the band is transferred from the pulley fixed to the shaft to the pulley which revolves freely upon it, and <i>vice versa</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Hard and fast</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>so completely aground as to be immovable.</cd> — <col><b>To make fast</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>to make secure; to fasten firmly, as a vessel, a rope, or a door.</cd></p>

<p><! p. 545 !></p>

<p><hw>Fast</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> [OE. <i>faste</i> firmly, strongly, quickly, AS. <i>f&aelig;ste</i>. See <u>Fast</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>In a fast, fixed, or firmly established manner; fixedly; firmly; immovably.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>We will bind thee <i>fast</i>.</blockquote> <i>Judg. xv. 13.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>In a fast or rapid manner; quickly; swiftly; extravagantly; wildly; as, to run <i>fast</i>; to live <i>fast</i>.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Fast by</b></col>, or <col><b>Fast beside</b></col>, <cd>close or near to; near at hand.</cd></p>

<p><blockquote>He, after Eve seduced, unminded slunk<BR> Into the wood <i>fast by</i>.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Fast by</i> the throne obsequious Fame resides.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fast</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>That which fastens or holds; especially, <i>(Naut.)</i> a mooring rope, hawser, or chain; - - called, according to its position, a <i>bow</i>, <i>head</i>, <i>quarter</i>, <i>breast</i>, or <i>stern fast</i>; also, a post on a pier around which hawsers are passed in mooring.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fas"ten</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Fastened</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Fastening</u> (?).] [AS. <i>f&aelig;stnian</i>; akin to OHG. <i>festin&omacr;n</i>. See <u>Fast</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To fix firmly; to make fast; to secure, as by a knot, lock, bolt, etc.; as, to <i>fasten</i> a chain to the feet; to <i>fasten</i> a door or window.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To cause to hold together or to something else; to attach or unite firmly; to cause to cleave to something , or to cleave together, by any means; as, to <i>fasten</i> boards together with nails or cords; to <i>fasten</i> anything in our thoughts.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The words Whig and Tory have been pressed to the service of many successions of parties, with very different ideas <i>fastened</i> to them.</blockquote> <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To cause to take close effect; to make to tell; to lay on; as, to <i>fasten</i> a blow.</def> [Obs.] <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>If I can <i>fasten</i> but one cup upon him.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><col><b>To fasten</b></col> <col><b>a charge, or a crime</b></col>, <col><b>upon</b></col>, <cd>to make his guilt certain, or so probable as to be generally believed.</cd> — <col><b>To fasten one's eyes upon</b></col>, <cd>to look upon steadily without cessation.</cd> <i>Acts iii. 4.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — To fix; cement; stick; link; affix; annex.</p>

<p><hw>Fas"ten</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To fix one's self; to take firm hold; to clinch; to cling.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A horse leech will hardly <i>fasten</i> on a fish.</blockquote> <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fas"ten*er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who, or that which, makes fast or firm.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fas"ten*ing</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Anything that binds and makes fast, as a lock, catch, bolt, bar, buckle, etc.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fast"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who abstains from food.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fast"-hand`ed</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Close- handed; close-fisted; covetous; avaricious.</def> [Obs.] <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Fas"ti</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [L.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The Roman calendar, which gave the days for festivals, courts, etc., corresponding to a modern almanac.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Records or registers of important events.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fas*tid`i*os"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Fastidiousness; squeamishness.</def> [Obs.] <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fas*tid"i*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>fastidiosus</i> disdainful, fr. <i>fastidium</i> loathing, aversion, perh. fr. <i>fastus</i> arrogance (of uncertain origin) + <i>taedium</i> loathing. Cf. <u>Tedious</u>, <u>Fash</u>.] <def>Difficult to please; delicate to a fault; suited with difficulty; squeamish; as, a <i>fastidious</i> mind or ear; a <i>fastidious</i> appetite.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Proud youth ! <i>fastidious</i> of the lower world.</blockquote> <i>Young.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Squeamish; critical; overnice; difficult; punctilious. — <u>Fastidious</u>, <u>Squeamish</u>. We call a person <i>fastidious</i> when his taste or feelings are offended by trifling defects or errors; we call him <i>squeamish</i> when he is excessively nice or critical on minor points, and also when he is overscrupulous as to questions of duty. "Whoever examines his own imperfections will cease to be <i>fastidious</i>; whoever restrains his caprice and scrupulosity will cease to be <i>squeamish</i>." <i>Crabb.</i></p>

<p>— <wf>Fas*tid"i*ous*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Fas*tid"i*ous*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p>{ <hw>Fas*tig"i*ate</hw> (?), <hw>Fas*tig"i*a`ted</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>fastigium</i> gable end, top, height, summit.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Narrowing towards the top.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Clustered, parallel, and upright, as the branches of the Lombardy poplar; pointed.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>United into a conical bundle, or into a bundle with an enlarged head, like a sheaf of wheat.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fast"ish</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Rather fast; also, somewhat dissipated.</def> [Colloq.] <i>Thackeray.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fast"ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>Firmly; surely.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fast"ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>f&aelig;stnes</i>, fr. <i>f&aelig;st</i> fast. See <u>Fast</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The state of being fast and firm; firmness; fixedness; security; faithfulness.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>All . . . places of <i>fastness</i> [are] laid open.</blockquote> <i>Sir J. Davies.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A fast place; a stronghold; a fortress or fort; a secure retreat; a castle; as, the enemy retired to their <i>fastnesses</i> in the mountains.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Conciseness of style.</def> [Obs.] <i>Ascham.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>The state of being fast or swift.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fas"tu*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>fastuosus</i>, from <i>fastus</i> haughtiness, pride: cf. F. <i>fastueux</i>.] <def>Proud; haughty; disdainful.</def> [Obs.] <i>Barrow.</i> — <wf>Fas"tu*ous*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Obs.] <i>Jer. Taylor.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fat</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Vat</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A large tub, cistern, or vessel; a vat.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>fats</i> shall overflow with wine and oil.</blockquote> <i>Joel ii. 24.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A measure of quantity, differing for different commodities.</def> [Obs.] <i>Hebert.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fat</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<pos><i>Compar.</i></pos> <u>Fatter</u> (?); <pos><i>superl.</i></pos> <u>Fattest</u> (?).] [AS. <i>f&aemacr;tt</i>; akin to D. <i>vet</i>, G. <i>fett</i>, <i>feist</i>, Icel. <i>feitr</i>, Sw. <i>fet</i>, Dan. <i>fed</i>, and perh. to Gr. <grk>pi^dax</grk> spring, fountain, <grk>pidy`ein</grk> to gush forth, <grk>pi`wn</grk> fat, Skr. <i>pi</i> to swell.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Abounding with fat</def>; as: <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>Fleshy; characterized by fatness; plump; corpulent; not lean; as, a <i>fat</i> man; a <i>fat</i> ox.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>Oily; greasy; unctuous; rich; — said of food.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Exhibiting the qualities of a fat animal; coarse; heavy; gross; dull; stupid.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Making our western wits <i>fat</i> and mean.</blockquote> <i>Emerson.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Make the heart of this people <i>fat</i>.</blockquote> <i>Is. vi. 10.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Fertile; productive; as, a <i>fat</i> soil; a <i>fat</i> pasture.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Rich; producing a large income; desirable; as, a <i>fat</i> benefice; a <i>fat</i> office; a <i>fat</i> job.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Now parson of Troston, a <i>fat</i> living in Suffolk.</blockquote> <i>Carlyle.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>Abounding in riches; affluent; fortunate.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Persons grown <i>fat</i> and wealthy by long impostures.</blockquote> <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <i>(Typog.)</i> <def>Of a character which enables the compositor to make large wages; — said of matter containing blank, cuts, or many leads, etc.; as, a <i>fat</i> take; a <i>fat</i> page.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Fat lute</b></col>, <cd>a mixture of pipe clay and oil for filling joints.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fat</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Physiol. Chem.)</i> <def>An oily liquid or greasy substance making up the main bulk of the adipose tissue of animals, and widely distributed in the seeds of plants. See <i>Adipose tissue</i>, under <u>Adipose</u>.</def></p>

<p>&fist; <i>Animal fats</i> are composed mainly of three distinct fats, <i>tristearin</i>, <i>tripalmitin</i>, and <i>triolein</i>, mixed in varying proportions. As olein is liquid at ordinary temperatures, while the other two fats are solid, it follows that the consistency or hardness of fats depends upon the relative proportion of the three individual fats. During the life of an animal, the fat is mainly in a liquid state in the fat cells, owing to the solubility of the two solid fats in the more liquid olein at the body temperature. Chemically, fats are composed of fatty acid, as stearic, palmitic, oleic, etc., united with glyceryl. In butter fat, olein and palmitin predominate, mixed with another fat characteristic of butter, butyrin. In the vegetable kingdom many other fats or glycerides are to be found, as myristin from nutmegs, a glyceride of lauric acid in the fat of the bay tree, etc.</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The best or richest productions; the best part; as, to live on the <i>fat</i> of the land.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Typog.)</i> <def>Work. containing much blank, or its equivalent, and, therefore, profitable to the compositor.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Fat acid</b></col>. <i>(Chem.)</i> <cd>See <i>Sebacic acid</i>, under <u>Sebacic</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Fat series</b></col>, <col><b>Fatty series</b></col> <i>(Chem.)</i>, <cd>the series of the paraffine hydrocarbons and their derivatives; the marsh gas or methane series.</cd> — <col><b>Natural fats</b></col> <i>(Chem.)</i>, <cd>the group of oily substances of natural occurrence, as butter, lard, tallow, etc., as distinguished from certain fatlike substance of artificial production, as paraffin. Most natural fats are essentially mixtures of triglycerides of fatty acids.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fat</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Fatted</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>atting</u> (?).] [OE. <i>fatten</i>, AS. <i>f&aemacr;ttian</i>. See <u>Fat</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>, and cf. <u>Fatten</u>.] <def>To make fat; to fatten; to make plump and fleshy with abundant food; as, to <i>fat</i> fowls or sheep.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>We <i>fat</i> all creatures else to <i>fat</i> us.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fat</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To grow fat, plump, and fleshy.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>An old ox <i>fats</i> as well, and is as good, as a young one.</blockquote> <i>Mortimer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fa"tal</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>fatalis</i>, fr. <i>fatum</i>: cf. F. <i>fatal</i>. See <u>Fate</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Proceeding from, or appointed by, fate or destiny; necessary; inevitable.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>These thing are <i>fatal</i> and necessary.</blockquote> <i>Tillotson.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>It was <i>fatal</i> to the king to fight for his money.</blockquote> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Foreboding death or great disaster.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>That <i>fatal</i> screech owl to our house<BR> That nothing sung but death to us and ours.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Causing death or destruction; deadly; mortal; destructive; calamitous; as, a <i>fatal</i> wound; a <i>fatal</i> disease; a <i>fatal</i> day; a <i>fatal</i> error.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fa"tal*ism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>fatalisme</i>.] <def>The doctrine that all things are subject to fate, or that they take place by inevitable necessity.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fa"tal*ist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>fataliste</i>.] <def>One who maintains that all things happen by inevitable necessity.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fa`tal*is"tic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Implying, or partaking of the nature of, fatalism.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fa*tal"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>;<i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Fatalities</b></plw> (#). [L. <i>fatalitas</i>: cf. F. <i>fatalit&eacute;</i>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The state of being fatal, or proceeding from destiny; invincible necessity, superior to, and independent of, free and rational control.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The Stoics held a <i>fatality</i>, and a fixed, unalterable course of events.</blockquote> <i>South.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The state of being fatal; tendency to destruction or danger, as if by decree of fate; mortaility.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The year sixty-three is conceived to carry with it the most considerable <i>fatality</i>.</blockquote> <i>Ser T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>By a strange <i>fatality</i> men suffer their dissenting.</blockquote> <i>Eikon Basilike.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>That which is decreed by fate or which is fatal; a fatal event.</def> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fa"tal*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>In a manner proceeding from, or determined by, fate.</def> <i>Bentley.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>In a manner issuing in death or ruin; mortally; destructively; as, <i>fatally</i> deceived or wounded.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fa"tal*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Quality of being fatal.</def> <i>Johnson.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Fa"ta Mor*ga"na</hw> (?). [It.; — so called because this phenomenon was looked upon as the work of a fairy (It. <i>fata</i>) of the name of <i>Morg&aacute;na</i>. See <u>Fairy</u>.] <def>A kind of mirage by which distant objects appear inverted, distorted, displaced, or multiplied. It is noticed particularly at the Straits of Messina, between Calabria and Sicily.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fat"back`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The menhaden.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fat"-brained`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Dull of apprehension.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fate</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>fatum</i> a prophetic declaration, oracle, what is ordained by the gods, destiny, fate, fr. <i>fari</i> to speak: cf. OF. <i>fat</i>. See <u>Fame</u>, <u>Fable</u>, <u>Ban</u>, and cf. 1st <u>Fay</u>, <u>Fairy</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A fixed decree by which the order of things is prescribed; the immutable law of the universe; inevitable necessity; the force by which all existence is determined and conditioned.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Necessity and chance<BR> Approach not me; and what I will is <i>fate</i>.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Beyond and above the Olympian gods lay the silent, brooding, everlasting <i>fate</i> of which victim and tyrant were alike the instruments.</blockquote> <i>Froude.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Appointed lot; allotted life; arranged or predetermined event; destiny; especially, the final lot; doom; ruin; death.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The great, th'important day, big with the <i>fate</i><BR> Of Cato and of Rome.</blockquote> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Our wills and <i>fates</i> do so contrary run<BR> That our devices still are overthrown.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The whizzing arrow sings,<BR> <i>And bears thy fate</i>, Antinous, on its wings.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>The element of chance in the affairs of life; the unforeseen and unestimated conitions considered as a force shaping events; fortune; esp., opposing circumstances against which it is useless to struggle; as, <i>fate</i> was, or the <i>fates</i> were, against him.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A brave man struggling in the storms of <i>fate</i>.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Sometimes an hour of <i>Fate's</i> serenest weather strikes through our changeful sky its coming beams.</blockquote> <i>B. Taylor.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>pl.</i> [L. <i>Fata</i>, pl. of <i>fatum</i>.] <i>(Myth.)</i> <def>The three goddesses, Clotho, Lachesis, and Atropos, sometimes called the <i>Destinies</i>, or <i>Parc&aelig;</i>who were supposed to determine the course of human life. They are represented, one as holding the distaff, a second as spinning, and the third as cutting off the thread.</def></p>

<p>&fist; Among all nations it has been common to speak of <i>fate</i> or destiny as a power superior to gods and men — swaying all things irresistibly. This may be called the <i>fate</i> of poets and mythologists. Philosophical <i>fate</i> is the sum of the laws of the universe, the product of eternal intelligence and the blind properties of matter. Theological <i>fate</i> represents Deity as above the laws of nature, and ordaining all things according to his will — the expression of that will being the law. <i>Krauth- Fleming.</i> </p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Destiny; lot; doom; fortune; chance.</p>

<p><hw>Fat"ed</hw> (?), <pos><i>p. p. & a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Decreed by fate; destined; doomed; as, he was <i>fated</i> to rule a factious people.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>One midnight<BR> <i>Fated</i> to the purpose.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Invested with the power of determining destiny.</def> [Obs.] "The <i>fated</i> sky." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Exempted by fate.</def> [Obs. or R.] <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fate"ful</hw> (?), <pos><i>a. .</i></pos> <def>Having the power of serving or accomplishing fate.</def> "The <i>fateful</i> steel." <i>J. Barlow.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Significant of fate; ominous.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>fateful</i> cawings of the crow.</blockquote> <i>Longfellow.</i></p>

<p>— <wf>Fate"ful*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos>- <wf>Fate"ful*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Fat"head`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A cyprinoid fish of the Mississippi valley (<i>Pimephales promelas</i>); — called also <i>black-headed minnow</i>.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A labroid food fish of California; the redfish.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fa"ther</hw> (f&auml;"&thlig;&etilde;r), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>fader</i>, AS. <i>f&aelig;der</i>; akin to OS. <i>fadar</i>, D. <i>vader</i>, OHG. <i>fatar</i>, G. <i>vater</i>, Icel. <i>fa&eth;ir</i> Sw. & Dan. <i>fader</i>, OIr. <i>athir</i>, L. <i>pater</i>, Gr. <grk>path`r</grk>, Skr. <i>pitr</i>, perh. fr. Skr. <i>p&amacr;</i> protect. &radic;75, 247. Cf. <u>Papa</u>, <u>Paternal</u>, <u>Patriot</u>, <u>Potential</u>, <u>Pablum</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who has begotten a child, whether son or daughter; a generator; a male parent.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A wise son maketh a glad <i>father</i>.</blockquote> <i>Prov. x. 1.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A male ancestor more remote than a parent; a progenitor; especially, a first ancestor; a founder of a race or family; — in the plural, <i>fathers</i>, ancestors.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>David slept with his <i>fathers</i>.</blockquote> <i>1 Kings ii. 10.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Abraham, who is the <i>father</i> of us all.</blockquote> <i>Rom. iv. 16.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>One who performs the offices of a parent by maintenance, affetionate care, counsel, or protection.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I was a <i>father</i> to the poor.</blockquote> <i>Job xxix. 16.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>He hath made me a <i>father</i> to Pharaoh, and lord of all his house.</blockquote> <i>Gen. xiv. 8.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>A respectful mode of address to an old man.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>And Joash the king of Israel came down unto him [Elisha], . . . and said, O my <i>father</i>, my <i>father</i>!</blockquote> <i>2 Kings xiii. 14.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>A senator of ancient Rome.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>A dignitary of the church, a superior of a convent, a confessor (called also <i>father confessor</i>), or a priest; also, the eldest member of a profession, or of a legislative assembly, etc.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Bless you, good <i>father</i> friar !</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <def>One of the chief ecclesiastical authorities of the first centuries after Christ; — often spoken of collectively as <i>the Fathers</i>; as, the Latin, Greek, or apostolic <i>Fathers</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>8.</b></sn> <def>One who, or that which, gives origin; an originator; a producer, author, or contriver; the first to practice any art, profession, or occupation; a distinguished example or teacher.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>father</i> of all such as handle the harp and organ.</blockquote> <i>Gen. iv. 21.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Might be the <i>father</i>, Harry, to that thought.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>father</i> of good news.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>9.</b></sn> <def>The Supreme Being and Creator; God; in theology, the first person in the Trinity.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Our <i>Father</i>, which art in heaven.</blockquote> <i>Matt. vi. 9.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Now had the almighty <i>Father</i> from above . . . <BR> Bent down his eye.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Adoptive father</b></col>, <cd>one who adopts the child of another, treating it as his own.</cd> — <col><b>Apostolic father</b></col>, <col><b>Conscript fathers, etc.</b></col> <cd>See under <u>Apostolic</u>, <u>Conscript</u>, etc.</cd> — <col><b>Father in God</b></col>, <cd>a title given to bishops.</cd> — <col><b>Father of lies</b></col>, <cd>the Devil.</cd> — <col><b>Father of the bar</b></col>, <cd>the oldest practitioner at the bar.</cd> — <col><b>Fathers of the city</b></col>, <cd>the aldermen.</cd> — <col><b>Father of the Faithful</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>Abraham.</cd> <i>Rom. iv.</i> <i>Gal. iii. 6- 9.</i> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>Mohammed, or one of the sultans, his successors.</cd> — <col><b>Father of the house</b></col>, <cd>the member of a legislative body who has had the longest continuous service.</cd> — <col><b>Most Reverend Father in God</b></col>, <cd>a title given to archbishops and metropolitans, as to the archbishops of Canterbury and York.</cd> — <col><b>Natural father</b></col>, <cd>the father of an illegitimate child.</cd> — <col><b>Putative father</b></col>, <cd>one who is presumed to be the father of an illegitimate child; the supposed father.</cd> — <col><b>Spiritual father</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>A religious teacher or guide, esp. one instrumental in leading a soul to God.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <i>(R. C. Ch.)</i> <cd>A priest who hears confession in the sacrament of penance.</cd> — <col><b>The Holy Father</b></col> <i>(R. C. Ch.)</i>, <cd>the pope.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fa"ther</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Fathered</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Fathering</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To make one's self the father of; to beget.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Cowards <i>father</i> cowards, and base things sire base.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To take as one's own child; to adopt; hence, to assume as one's own work; to acknowledge one's self author of or responsible for (a statement, policy, etc.).</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Men of wit<BR> Often <i>fathered</i> what he writ.</blockquote> <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To provide with a father.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Think you I am no stronger than my sex,<BR> Being so <i>fathered</i> and so husbanded ?</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><col><b>To father on</b></col> or <col><b>upon</b></col>, <cd>to ascribe to, or charge upon, as one's offspring or work; to put or lay upon as being responsible.</cd> "Nothing can be so uncouth or extravagant, which may not be <i>fathered on</i> some fetch of wit, or some caprice of humor." <i>Barrow.</i></p>

<p><! p. 546 !></p>

<p><hw>Fa"ther*hood</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The state of being a father; the character or authority of a father; paternity.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fa"ther-in-law`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Fathers-in-law</b></plw> (&?;). <def>The father of one's husband or wife; — correlative to <i>son-in-law</i> and <i>daughter- in-law</i>.</def></p>

<p>&fist; A man who marries a woman having children already, is sometimes, though erroneously, called their <i>father-in-law</i>.</p>

<p><hw>Fa"ther*land"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Imitated fr. D. <i>vaderland</i>. See <u>Father</u>, and <u>Land</u>.] <def>One's native land; the native land of one's fathers or ancestors.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fa"ther-lash`er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A European marine fish (<i>Cottus bubalis</i>), allied to the sculpin; — called also <i>lucky proach</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fa"ther*less</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Destitute of a living father; as, a <i>fatherless</i> child.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Without a known author.</def> <i>Beau. & Fl.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fa"ther*less*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The state of being without a father.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fa"ther*li*ness</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From <u>Fatherly</u>.] <def>The qualities of a father; parantal kindness, care, etc.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fa"ther long"legs`</hw> (?). <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>See <u>Daddy longlegs</u>, 2.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fa"ther*ly</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Like a father in affection and care; paternal; tender; protecting; careful.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>You have showed a tender, <i>fatherly</i> regard.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Of or pertaining to a father.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fa"ther*ship</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The state of being a father; fatherhood; paternity.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fath"om</hw> (f&abreve;&thlig;"&ubreve;m), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>fadme</i>, <i>fa&eth;me</i>, AS. <i>f&aelig;&eth;m</i> fathom, the embracing arms; akin to OS. <i>fa&eth;mos</i> the outstretched arms, D. <i>vadem</i>, <i>vaam</i>, fathom, OHG. <i>fadom</i>, <i>fadum</i>, G. <i>faden</i> fathom, thread, Icel. <i>fa&eth;mr</i> fathom, Sw. <i>famn</i>, Dan. <i>favn</i>; cf. Gr. &?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?; to spread out, &?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?; outspread, flat, L. <i>patere</i> to lie open, extend. Cf. <u>Patent</u>, <u>Petal</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A measure of length, containing six feet; the space to which a man can extend his arms; — used chiefly in measuring cables, cordage, and the depth of navigable water by soundings.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The measure or extant of one's capacity; depth, as of intellect; profundity; reach; penetration.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Another of his <i>fathom</i> they have none<BR> To lead their business.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fath"om</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Fathomed</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Fathoming</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To encompass with the arms extended or encircling; to measure by throwing the arms about; to span.</def> [Obs.] <i>Purchas.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To measure by a sounding line; especially, to sound the depth of; to penetrate, measure, and comprehend; to get to the bottom of.</def> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The page of life that was spread out before me seemed dull and commonplace, only because I had not <i>fathomed</i> its deeper import.</blockquote> <i>Hawthotne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fath"om*a*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Capable of being fathomed.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fath"om*er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who fathoms.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fath"om*less</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Incapable of being fathomed; immeasurable; that can not be sounded.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>And buckle in a waist most <i>fathomless</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Incomprehensible.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>fathomless</i> absurdity.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fa*tid"i*cal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>fatidicus</i>; <i>fatum</i> fate + <i>dicere</i> to say, tell.] <def>Having power to foretell future events; prophetic; fatiloquent; as, the <i>fatidical</i> oak.</def> [R.] <i>Howell.</i> — <wf>Fa*tid"i*cal*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Fa*tif"er*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>fatifer</i>; <i>fatum</i> fate + <i>ferre</i> to bear, bring.] <def>Fate-bringing; deadly; mortal; destructive.</def> [R.] <i>Johnson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fat"i*ga*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>fatigabilis</i>: cf. F. <i>fatigable</i>. See <u>Fatigue</u>.] <def>Easily tired.</def> [Obs.] <i>Bailey.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fat"i*gate</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>fatigatus</i>, p. p. of <i>fatigare</i>. See <i>Fatigue</i>.] <def>Wearied; tired; fatigued.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Requickened what in flesh was <i>fatigate</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fat"i*gate</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To weary; to tire; to fatigue.</def> [Obs.] <i>Sir T. Elyot.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fat`i*ga"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>fatigatio</i>: cf. OF. <i>fatigation</i>.] <def>Weariness.</def> [Obs.] <i>W. Montaqu.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fa*tigue"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., fr. <i>fatiguer</i> to fatigue, L. <i>fatigare</i>; cf. L. <i>affatim</i> sufficiently.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Weariness from bodily labor or mental exertion; lassitude or exhaustion of strength.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The cause of weariness; labor; toil; as, the <i>fatigues</i> of war.</def> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>The weakening of a metal when subjected to repeated vibrations or strains.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Fatigue call</b></col> <i>(Mil.)</i>, <cd>a summons, by bugle or drum, to perform fatigue duties.</cd> — <col><b>Fatigue dress</b></col>, <cd>the working dress of soldiers.</cd> — <col><b>Fatigue duty</b></col> <i>(Mil.)</i>, <cd>labor exacted from soldiers aside from the use of arms.</cd> <i>Farrow.</i> — <col><b>Fatigue party</b></col>, <cd>a party of soldiers on fatigue duty.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fa*tigue"</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Fatigued</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Fatiguing</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] [Cf. F. <i>fatiguer</i>. See <u>Fatigue</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <def>To weary with labor or any bodily or mental exertion; to harass with toil; to exhaust the strength or endurance of; to tire.</def></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — To jade; tire; weary; bore. See <u>Jade</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Fa*til"o*quent</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See <u>Fatiloquist</u>.] <def>Prophetic; fatidical.</def> [Obs.] <i>Blount.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fa*til"o*quist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>fatiloquus</i> declaring fate; <i>fatum</i> fate+ <i>Loqui</i> to speak.] <def>A fortune teller.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Fat"i*mite</hw> (?), <hw>Fat"i*mide</hw> (?) }, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Hist.)</i> <def>Descended from Fatima, the daughter and only child of Mohammed.</def> — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A descendant of Fatima.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fa*tis"cence</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>fatiscense</i>, p. pr. of <i>fatiscere</i> to gape or crack open.] <def>A gaping or opening; state of being chinky, or having apertures.</def> <i>Kirwan.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fat"-kid`neyed</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Gross; lubberly.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Peace, ye <i>fat-kidneyed</i> rascal !</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fat"ling</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Fat</i> + <i>- ling</i>.] <def>A calf, lamb, kid, or other young animal fattened for slaughter; a fat animal; — said of such animals as are used for food.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He sacrificed oxen and <i>fatlings</i>.</blockquote> <i>2 Sam. vi. 13.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fat"ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>Grossly; greasily.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fat"ner</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who fattens. [R.] See <u>Fattener</u>.</def> <i>Arbuthnit.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fat"ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The quality or state of being fat, plump, or full-fed; corpulency; fullness of flesh.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Their eyes stand out with <i>fatness</i>.</blockquote> <i>Ps. lxxiii. 7.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Hence; Richness; fertility; fruitfulness.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Rich in the <i>fatness</i> of her plenteous soil.</blockquote> <i>Rowe.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>That which makes fat or fertile.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The clouds drop <i>fatness</i>.</blockquote> <i>Philips.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fat"ten</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Fattened</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Fattening</u> (?).] [See <u>Fat</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To make fat; to feed for slaughter; to make fleshy or plump with fat; to fill full; to fat.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To make fertile and fruitful; to enrich; as, to <i>fatten</i> land; to <i>fatten</i> fields with blood.</def> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fat"ten</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To grow fat or corpulent; to grow plump, thick, or fleshy; to be pampered.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>And villains <i>fatten</i> with the brave man's labor.</blockquote> <i>Otway.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fat"ten*er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who, or that which, fattens; that which gives fatness or fertility.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fat"ti*ness</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>State or quality of being fatty.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fat"tish</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Somewhat fat; inclined to fatness.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Coleridge, a puffy, anxious, obstructed-looking, <i>fattish</i> old man.</blockquote> <i>Carlyle.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fat"ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Containing fat, or having the qualities of fat; greasy; gross; as, a <i>fatty</i> substance.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Fatty acid</b></col> <i>(Chem.)</i>, <cd>any one of the paraffin series of monocarbonic acids, as formic acid, acetic, etc.; — so called because the higher members, as stearic and palmitic acids, occur in the natural fats, and are themselves fatlike substances.</cd> — <col><b>Fatty clays</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Clay</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Fatty degeneration</b></col> <i>(Med.)</i>, <cd>a diseased condition, in which the oil globules, naturally present in certain organs, are so multiplied as gradually to destroy and replace the efficient parts of these organs.</cd> — <col><b>Fatty heart</b></col>, <col><b>Fatty liver</b></col>, <cd>etc. <i>(Med.)</i>, a heart, liver, etc., which have been the subjects of fatty degeneration or infiltration.</cd> — <col><b>Fatty infiltration</b></col> <i>(Med.)</i>, <cd>a condition in which there is an excessive accumulation of fat in an organ, without destruction of any essential parts of the latter.</cd> — <col><b>Fatty tumor</b></col> <i>(Med.)</i>, <cd>a tumor consisting of fatty or adipose tissue; lipoma.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fa*tu"i*tous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Stupid; fatuous.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fa*tu"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>fatuitas</i>, fr. <i>fatuus</i> foolish: cf. F. <i>fatuit&eacute;</i> Cf. <u>Fatuous</u>.] <def>Weakness or imbecility of mind; stupidity.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Those many forms of popular <i>fatuity</i>.</blockquote> <i>I Taylor.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fat"u*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>fatuus</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Feeble in mind; weak; silly; stupid; foolish; fatuitous.</def> <i>Glanvill.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Without reality; illusory, like the <i>ignis fatuus</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Thence <i>fatuous</i> fires and meteors take their birth.</blockquote> <i>Danham.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fat"-wit`ted</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Dull; stupid.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Fau`bourg"</hw> (f&omacr;`b&oomac;r"; E. f&omacr;"b&oomac;rg), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F.] <def>A suburb of a French city; also, a district now within a city, but formerly without its walls.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fau"cal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>fauces</i> throat.] <def>Pertaining to the fauces, or opening of the throat; faucial;</def> esp., <i>(Phon.)</i> <def>produced in the fauces, as certain deep guttural sounds found in the Semitic and some other languages.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Ayin is the most difficult of the <i>faucals</i>.</blockquote> <i>I. Taylor (The Alphabet).</i></p>

<p><hw>||Fau"ces</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [L.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>The narrow passage from the mouth to the pharynx, situated between the soft palate and the base of the tongue; — called also the <i>isthmus of the fauces</i>. On either side of the passage two membranous folds, called the <i>pillars of the fauces</i>, inclose the tonsils.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The throat of a calyx, corolla, etc.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>That portion of the interior of a spiral shell which can be seen by looking into the aperture.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fau"cet</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>fausset</i>, perh. fr. L. <i>fauces</i> throat.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A fixture for drawing a liquid, as water, molasses, oil, etc., from a pipe, cask, or other vessel, in such quantities as may be desired; — called also <i>tap</i>, and <i>cock</i>. It consists of a tubular spout, stopped with a movable plug, spigot, valve, or slide.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The enlarged end of a section of pipe which receives the spigot end of the next section.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fau"chion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Falchion</u>.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Fau"cial</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Pertaining to the fauces; pharyngeal.</def></p>

<p><hw>Faugh</hw> (?), <pos><i>interj.</i></pos> [Cf. <u>Foh</u>.] <def>An exclamation of contempt, disgust, or abhorrence.</def></p>

<p><hw>Faul"chion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Falchion</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Faul"con</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>See <u>Falcon</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fauld</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The arch over the dam of a blast furnace; the tymp arch.</def></p>

<p><hw>Faule</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A fall or falling band.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>These laces, ribbons, and these <i>faules</i>.</blockquote> <i>Herrick.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fault</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>faut</i>, <i>faute</i>, F. <i>faute</i> (cf. It., Sp., & Pg. <i>falta</i>), fr. a verb meaning <i>to want</i>, <i>fail</i>, freq., fr. L. <i>fallere</i> to deceive. See <u>Fail</u>, and cf. <u>Default</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Defect; want; lack; default.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>One, it pleases me, for <i>fault</i> of a better, to call my friend.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Anything that fails, that is wanting, or that impairs excellence; a failing; a defect; a blemish.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>As patches set upon a little breach<BR> Discredit more in hiding of the <i>fault</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A moral failing; a defect or dereliction from duty; a deviation from propriety; an offense less serious than a crime.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Geol. & Mining)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A dislocation of the strata of the vein.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>In coal seams, coal rendered worthless by impurities in the seam; as, slate <i>fault</i>, dirt <i>fault</i>, etc.</def> <i>Raymond.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <i>(Hunting)</i> <def>A lost scent; act of losing the scent.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Ceasing their clamorous cry till they have singled,<BR> With much ado, the cold <i>fault</i> cleary out.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <i>(Tennis)</i> <def>Failure to serve the ball into the proper court.</def></p>

<p><col><b>At fault</b></col>, <cd>unable to find the scent and continue chase; hence, in trouble or embarrassment, and unable to proceed; puzzled; thrown off the track.</cd> — <col><b>To find fault</b></col>, <cd>to find reason for blaming or complaining; to express dissatisfaction; to complain; — followed by <i>with</i> before the thing complained of; but formerly by <i>at</i>.</cd> "Matter <i>to find fault at</i>." <i>Robynson (More's Utopia).</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — — Error; blemish; defect; imperfection; weakness; blunder; failing; vice. — <u>Fault</u>, <u>Failing</u>, <u>Defect</u>, <u>Foible</u>. A <i>fault</i> is positive, something morally wrong; a <i>failing</i> is negative, some weakness or falling short in a man's character, disposition, or habits; a <i>defect</i> is also negative, and as applied to character is the absence of anything which is necessary to its completeness or perfection; a <i>foible</i> is a less important weakness, which we overlook or smile at. A man may have many <i>failings</i>, and yet commit but few <i>faults</i>; or his <i>faults</i> and <i>failings</i> may be few, while his <i>foibles</i> are obvious to all. The <i>faults</i> of a friend are often palliated or explained away into mere <i>defects</i>, and the <i>defects</i> or <i>foibles</i> of an enemy exaggerated into <i>faults</i>. "I have <i>failings</i> in common with every human being, besides my own peculiar <i>faults</i>; but of avarice I have generally held myself guiltless." <i>Fox.</i> "Presumption and self-applause are the <i>foibles</i> of mankind." <i>Waterland.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fault</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Faulted</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Faulting</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To charge with a fault; to accuse; to find fault with; to blame.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>For that I will not <i>fault</i> thee.</blockquote> <i>Old Song.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Geol.)</i> <def>To interrupt the continuity of (rock strata) by displacement along a plane of fracture; — chiefly used in the p. p.; as, the coal beds are badly <i>faulted</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fault</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To err; to blunder, to commit a fault; to do wrong.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>If after Samuel's death the people had asked of God a king, they had not <i>faulted</i>.</blockquote> <i>Latimer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fault"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who commits a fault.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Behold the <i>faulter</i> here in sight.</blockquote> <i>Fairfax.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fault"-find`er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who makes a practice of discovering others' faults and censuring them; a scold.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fault"-find`ing</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The act of finding fault or blaming; — used derogatively. Also <pos><i>Adj.</i></pos></def></p>

<p><hw>Fault"ful</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Full of faults or sins.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fault"i*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a faulty manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fault"i*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Quality or state of being faulty.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Round, even to <i>faultiness</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fault"ing</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Geol.)</i> <def>The state or condition of being faulted; the process by which a fault is produced.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fault"less</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Without fault; not defective or imperfect; free from blemish; free from incorrectness, vice, or offense; perfect; as, a <i>faultless</i> poem.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Whoever thinks a <i>faultless</i> piece to see,<BR> Thinks what ne'er was, nor is, nor e'er shall be.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Blameless; spotless; perfect. See <u>Blameless</u>.</p>

<p>— <wf>Fault"less*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos>- <wf>Fault"less*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Fault"y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Containing faults, blemishes, or defects; imperfect; not fit for the use intended.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Created once<BR> So goodly and erect, though <i>faulty</i> since.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Guilty of a fault, or of faults; hence, blamable; worthy of censure.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The king doth speak . . . as one which is <i>faulty</i>.</blockquote> <i>2 Sam. xiv. 13.</i></p>

<p><hw>Faun</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>Faunus</i>, fr. <i>favere</i> to be favorable. See <u>Favor</u>.] <i>(Rom. Myth.)</i> <def>A god of fields and shipherds, diddering little from the satyr. The fauns are usually represented as half goat and half man.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Satyr or <i>Faun</i>, or Sylvan.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fau"na</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL.: cf. F. <i>faune</i>. See <u>Faun</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The animals of any given area or epoch; as, the <i>fauna</i> of America; fossil <i>fauna</i>; recent <i>fauna</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fau"nal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Relating to fauna.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fau"nist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who describes the fauna of country; a naturalist.</def> <i>Gilbert White.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Fau"nus</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>;<i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Fauni</b></plw> (#). [L.] <i>(Myth.)</i> <def>See <u>Faun</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fau"sen</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. W. <i>llysowen</i> eel, <i>ll</i> sounding in Welsh almost like <i>fl</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A young eel.</def> [Prov. Eng.]</p>

<p><hw>||Fausse`-braye"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>fausse- braie</i>.] <i>(Mil.)</i> <def>A second rampart, exterior to, and parallel to, the main rampart, and considerably below its level.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Fau`teuil"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. See <u>Faldistory</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>An armchair; hence (because the members sit in fauteuils or armchairs), membership in the French Academy.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Chair of a presiding officer.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fau"tor</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., contr. fr. <i>favitor</i>, fr. <i>favere</i> to be favorable: cf. F. <i>fauteur</i>. See <u>Favor</u>.] <def>A favorer; a patron; one who gives countenance or support; an abettor.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>The king and the <i>fautors</i> of his proceedings.</blockquote> <i>Latimer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fau"tress</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>fauutrix</i>: cf. F. <i>fautrice</i>.] <def>A patroness.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chapman.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Fau`vette"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., dim. fr. <i>fauve</i> fawn-colored.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A small singing bird, as the nightingale and warblers.</def></p>

<p><! p. 547 !></p>

<p><hw>||Faux</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Fauces</b></plw> (#). [L.] <def>See <u>Fauces</u>.</def></p>

<p> <hw>||faux` pas"</hw> (?). [F. See <u>False</u>, and <u>Pas</u>.] <def>A false step; a mistake or wrong measure.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fa*vag"i*nous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>favus</i> a honeycomb.] <def>Formed like, or resembling, a honeycomb.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fa"vas</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Favus</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, 2.</def> <i>Fairholt.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fa"vel</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [OF. <i>fauvel</i>, <i>favel</i>, dim. of F. <i>fauve</i>; of German oigin. See <u>Fallow</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <def>Yellow; fal&?;ow; dun.</def> [Obs.] <i>Wright.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fa"vel</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A horse of a favel or dun color.</def></p>

<p><col><b>To curry favel</b></col>. <cd>See <i>To curry favor</i>, under <u>Favor</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></cd></p>

<p><hw>Fa"vel</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>favele</i>, fr. L. <i>fabella</i> short fable, dim. of <i>fabula</i>. See <u>Fable</u>.] <def>Flattery; cajolery; deceit.</def> [Obs.] <i>Skeat.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Fa*vel"la</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., prob. from L. <i>favus</i> a honeycomb.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A group of spores arranged without order and covered with a thin gelatinous envelope, as in certain delicate red alg&aelig;.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fa*ve"o*late</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>favus</i> honeycomb.] <def>Honeycomb; having cavities or cells, somewhat resembling those of a honeycomb; alveolate; favose.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fa*vil"lous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>favilla</i> sparkling or glowing ashes.] <def>Of or pertaining to ashes.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Light and <i>favillous</i> particles.</blockquote> <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fa*vo"ni*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>Favonius</i> the west wind.] <def>Pertaining to the west wind; soft; mild; gentle.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fa"vor</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Written also <i>favour</i>.] [OF. <i>favor</i>, F. <i>faveur</i>, L. <i>favor</i>, fr. <i>favere</i> to be favorable, cf. Skr. <i>bh&amacr;vaya</i> to further, foster, causative of <i>bh&umacr;</i> to become, be. Cf. <u>Be</u>. In the phrase <i>to curry favor</i>, <i>favor</i> is prob. for <i>favel</i> a horse. See 2d <u>Favel</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Kind regard; propitious aspect; countenance; friendly disposition; kindness; good will.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Hath crawled into the <i>favor</i> of the king.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The act of countenancing, or the condition of being countenanced, or regarded propitiously; support; promotion; befriending.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>But found no <i>favor</i> in his lady's eyes.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>And Jesus increased in wisdom and stature, and in <i>favor</i> with God and man.</blockquote> <i>Luke ii. 52.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A kind act or office; kindness done or granted; benevolence shown by word or deed; an act of grace or good will, as distinct from justice or remuneration.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Beg one <i>favor</i> at thy gracious hand.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Mildness or mitigation of punishment; lenity.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I could not discover the lenity and <i>favor</i> of this sentence.</blockquote> <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>The object of regard; person or thing favored.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>All these his wondrous works, but chiefly man,<BR> His chief delight and <i>favor</i>.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>A gift or represent; something bestowed as an evidence of good will; a token of love; a knot of ribbons; something worn as a token of affection; as, a marriage <i>favor</i> is a bunch or knot of white ribbons or white flowers worn at a wedding.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Wear thou this <i>favor</i> for me, and stick it in thy cap.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <def>Appearance; look; countenance; face.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>This boy is fair, of female <i>favor</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>8.</b></sn> <i>(Law)</i> <def>Partiality; bias.</def> <i>Bouvier.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>9.</b></sn> <def>A letter or epistle; — so called in civility or compliment; as, your <i>favor</i> of yesterday is received.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>10.</b></sn> <i>pl.</i> <def>Love locks.</def> [Obs.] <i>Wright.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Challenge</b></col> <col><b>to the favor or for favor</b></col> <i>(Law)</i>, <cd>the challenge of a juror on grounds not sufficient to constitute a principal challenge, but sufficient to give rise to a probable suspicion of favor or bias, such as acquaintance, business relation, etc. See <i>Principal challenge</i>, under <u>Challenge</u>.</cd> — <col><b>In favor of</b></col>, <cd>upon the side of; favorable to; for the advantage of.</cd> — <col><b>In favor with</b></col>, <cd>favored, countenanced, or encouraged by.</cd> — <col><b>To curry favor</b></col> [see the etymology of <u>Favor</u>, above], <cd>to seek to gain favor by flattery, caresses, kindness, or officious civilities.</cd> — <col><b>With one's favor</b></col>, or <col><b>By one's favor</b></col>, <cd>with leave; by kind permission.</cd></p>

<p><blockquote>But, <i>with your favor</i>, I will treat it here.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Kindness; countenance; patronage; support; lenity; grace; gift; present; benefit.</p>

<p><hw>Fa"vor</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Favored</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Favoring</u>.] [Written also <i>favour</i>.] [Cf. OF. <i>favorer</i>, <i>favorir</i>. See <u>Favor</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To regard with kindness; to support; to aid, or to have the disposition to aid, or to wish success to; to be propitious to; to countenance; to treat with consideration or tenderness; to show partiality or unfair bias towards.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>O happy youth! and <i>favored</i> of the skies.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>He that <i>favoreth</i> Joab, . . . let him go after Joab.</blockquote> <i>2 Sam. xx. 11.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>[The painter] has <i>favored</i> her squint admirably.</blockquote> <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To afford advantages for success to; to facilitate; as, a weak place <i>favored</i> the entrance of the enemy.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To resemble in features; to have the aspect or looks of; as, the child <i>favors</i> his father.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The porter owned that the gentleman <i>favored</i> his master.</blockquote> <i>Spectator.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fa"vor*a*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Written also <i>favourable</i>.] [F. <i>favorable</i>, L. <i>favorabilis</i> favored, popular, pleasing, fr. <i>favor</i>. See <u>Favor</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Full of favor; favoring; manifesting partiality; kind; propitious; friendly.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Lend <i>favorable</i> ears to our request.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Lord, thou hast been <i>favorable</i> unto thy land.</blockquote> <i>Ps. lxxxv. 1.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Conducive; contributing; tending to promote or facilitate; advantageous; convenient.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A place very <i>favorable</i> for the making levies of men.</blockquote> <i>Clarendon.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The temper of the climate, <i>favorable</i> to generation, health, and long life.</blockquote> <i>Sir W. Temple.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Beautiful; well-favored.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p>— <wf>Fa"vora*ble*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> — <wf>Fa"vor*a*bly</wf>, <pos><i>sdv.</i></pos></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>faborableness</i> of the present times to all extertions in the cause of liberty.</blockquote> <i>Burke.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fa"vored</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Countenanced; aided; regarded with kidness; as, a <i>favored</i> friend.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Having a certain favor or appearance; featured; as, well-<i>favored</i>; hard-<i>favored</i>, etc.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fa"vored*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a favored or a favorable manner; favorably.</def> [Obs.] <i>Deut. xvii. 1. Arscham.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fa"vored*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Appearance.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Fa"vor*er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who favors; one who regards with kindness or friendship; a well-wisher; one who assists or promotes success or prosperity.</def> [Written also <i>favourer</i>.]</p>

<p><blockquote>And come to us as <i>favorers</i>, not as foes.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fa"vor*ess</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A woman who favors or gives countenance.</def> [Written also <i>fovouress</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Fa"vor*ing</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>That favors.</def> — <wf>Fa"vor*ing*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Fa"vor*ite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>favorit</i> favored, F. <i>favori</i>, fem. <i>favorite</i>, p. p. of OF. <i>favorir</i>, cf. It. <i>favorito</i>, frm. <i>favorita</i>, fr. <i>favorire</i> to favor. See <u>Favor</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A person or thing regarded with peculiar favor; one treated with partiality; one preferred above others; especially, one unduly loved, trusted, and enriched with favors by a person of high rank or authority.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Committing to a wicked <i>favorite</i><BR> All public cares.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>pl.</i> <def>Short curls dangling over the temples; — fashionable in the reign of Charles II.</def> [Obs.] <i>Farquhar.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Sporting)</i> <def>The competitor (as a horse in a race) that is judged most likely to win; the competitor standing highest in the betting.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fa"vor*ite</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Regarded with particular affection, esteem, or preference; as, a <i>favorite</i> walk; a <i>favorite</i> child.</def> "His <i>favorite</i> argument." <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fa"vor*it*ism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>favoritisme</i>.] <def>The disposition to favor and promote the interest of one person or family, or of one class of men, to the neglect of others having equal claims; partiality.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A spirit of <i>favoritism</i> to the Bank of the United States.</blockquote> <i>A. Hamilton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fa"vor*less</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Unfavored; not regarded with favor; having no countenance or support.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Unpropitious; unfavorable.</def> [Obs.] "Fortune <i>favorless</i>." <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fa*vose"</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>favus</i> honeycomb.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Honeycombed. See <u>Faveolate</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to the disease called favus.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fav"o*site</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Like or pertaining to the genus Favosites.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Fav`o*si"tes</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Favose</u>.] <i>(Paleon.)</i> <def>A genus of fossil corals abundant in the Silurian and Devonian rocks, having polygonal cells with perforated walls.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Fa"vus</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., honeycomb.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>A disease of the scalp, produced by a vegetable parasite.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A tile or flagstone cut into an hexagonal shape to produce a honeycomb pattern, as in a pavement; — called also <i>favas</i> and <i>sectila</i>.</def> <i>Mollett.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fawe</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See <u>Fain</u>.] <def>Fain; glad; delighted.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fawk"ner</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Falconer</u>.] <def>A falconer.</def> [Obs.] <i>Donne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fawn</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>faon</i> the young one of any beast, a fawn, F. <i>faon</i> a fawn, for <i>fedon</i>, fr. L. <i>fetus</i>. See <u>Fetus</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A young deer; a buck or doe of the first year. See <u>Buck</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The young of an animal; a whelp.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>[The tigress] . . . followeth . . . after her <i>fawns</i>.</blockquote> <i>Holland.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A fawn color.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fawn</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of the color of a fawn; fawn-colored.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fawn</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>faonner</i>.] <def>To bring forth a fawn.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fawn</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Fawned</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Fawning</u>.] [OE. <i>fawnen</i>, <i>fainen</i>, <i>fagnien</i>, to rejoice, welcome, flatter, AS. <i>f&aelig;gnian</i> to rejoice; akin to Icel. <i>fagna</i> to rejoice, welcome. See <u>Fain</u>.] <def>To court favor by low cringing, frisking, etc., as a dog; to flatter meanly; — often followed by <i>on</i> or <i>upon</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>You showed your teeth like apes, and <i>fawned</i> like hounds.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Thou with trembling fear,<BR> Or like a <i>fawning</i> parasite, obeyest.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Courtiers who <i>fawn</i> on a master while they betray him.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fawn</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A servile cringe or bow; mean flattery; sycophancy.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fawn"-col`ored</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of the color of a fawn; light yellowish brown.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fawn"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who fawns; a sycophant.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fawn"ing*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a fawning manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Faxed</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [AS. <i>feaxede</i> haired, fr. <i>feax</i> hair. Cf. <u>Paxwax</u>.] <def>Hairy.</def> [Obs.] <i>amden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fay</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>f&eacute;e</i>. See <u>Fate</u>, and cf. <u>Fairy</u>.] <def>A fairy; an elf.</def> "Yellow-skirted <i>fays</i>." <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fay</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>fei</i>, F. <i>foi</i>. See <u>Faith</u>.] <def>Faith; as, by my <i>fay</i>.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fay</hw> (f&amacr;), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>fayed</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Faying</u>.] [OE. <i>feien</i>, v.t. & i., AS. <i>f&emacr;gan</i> to join, unite; akin to OS. <i>f&omacr;gian</i>, D. <i>voegen</i>, OHG. <i>fuogen</i>, G. <i>f&uuml;gen</i>, Sw. <i>foga</i>. See <u>Fair</u>, and cf. <u>Fadge</u>.] <i>(Shipbuilding)</i> <def>To fit; to join; to unite closely, as two pieces of wood, so as to make the surface fit together.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fay</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <i>(Shipbuilding)</i> <def>To lie close together; to fit; to fadge; — often with <i>in</i>, <i>into</i>, <i>with</i>, or <i>together</i>.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Faying surface</b></col>, <cd>that surface of an object which comes with another object to which it is fastened; — said of plates, angle irons, etc., that are riveted together in shipwork.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fay"al*ite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [So called from the island <i>Fayal</i>.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>A black, greenish, or brownish mineral of the chrysolite group. It is a silicate of iron.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Fa`y*ence"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Fa&?;ence</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fay"tour</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Faitour</u>.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Faze</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Feeze</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Faz"zo*let`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [It. <i>fazzoletto</i>.] <def>A handkerchief.</def> [R.] <i>percival.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fea"ber*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. Prov. E. <i>feabe</i>, <i>theabe</i>, <i>thape</i>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A gooseberry.</def> [Prov. Eng.] <i>Prior.</i></p>

<p><hw>Feague</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [Cf. G. <i>fegen</i> to sweep, Icel. <i>f&aelig;gia</i> to cleanse, polish, E. <i>fair</i>, <i>fay</i>, to fit, <i>fey</i> to cleanse.] <def>To beat or whip; to drive.</def> [Obs.] <i>Otway.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fe"al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [OF. <i>feal</i>, <i>feel</i>, <i>feeil</i>, <i>fedeil</i>, F. <i>fid&egrave;le</i>, L. <i>fidelis</i> faithful, fr. <i>fides</i> faith. See <u>Faith</u>.] <def>Faithful; loyal.</def> [Obs.] <i>Wright.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fe"al*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>faute</i>, OF. <i>faut&eacute;</i>, <i>fealt&eacute;</i>, <i>feel&eacute;</i>, <i>feelteit</i>, fr. L. <i>fidelitas</i>, fr. <i>fidelis</i> faithful. See <u>Feal</u>, and cf. <i>Fidelity</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Fidelity to one's lord; the feudal obligation by which the tenant or vassal was bound to be faithful to his lord; the special oath by which this obligation was assumed; fidelity to a superior power, or to a government; loyality. It is no longer the practice to exact the performance of fealty, as a feudal obligation.</def> <i>Wharton (Law Dict. ). Tomlins.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Fidelity; constancy; faithfulness, as of a friend to a friend, or of a wife to her husband.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He should maintain <i>fealty</i> to God.</blockquote> <i>I. Taylor.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Makes wicked lightnings of her eyes, and saps<BR> The <i>fealty</i> of our friends.</blockquote> <i>tennyson.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Swore <i>fealty</i> to the new government.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p>&fist; <i>Fealty</i> is distinguished from <i>homage</i>, which is an acknowledgment of tenure, while <i>fealty</i> implies an oath. See <u>Homage</u>. <i>Wharton.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Homage; loyality; fidelity; constancy.</p>

<p><hw>Fear</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A variant of <u>Fere</u>, a mate, a companion.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fear</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>fer</i>, <i>feer</i>, <i>fere</i>, AS. <i>f&?;r</i> a coming suddenly upon, fear, danger; akin to D. <i>vaar</i>, OHG. <i>f&amacr;ra</i> danger, G. <i>gefahr</i>, Icel. <i>f&amacr;r</i> harm, mischief, plague, and to E. <i>fare</i>, <i>peril</i>. See <u>Fare</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A painful emotion or passion excited by the expectation of evil, or the apprehension of impending danger; apprehension; anxiety; solicitude; alarm; dread.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The degrees of this passion, beginning with the most moderate, may be thus expressed, — <i>apprehension</i>, <i>fear</i>, <i>dread</i>, <i>fright</i>, <i>terror</i>.</p>

<p><blockquote><i>Fear</i> is an uneasiness of the mind, upon the thought of future evil likely to befall us.</blockquote> <i>Locke.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Where no hope is left, is left no <i>fear</i>.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Script.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>Apprehension of incurring, or solicitude to avoid, God's wrath; the trembling and awful reverence felt toward the Supreme Belng.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>Respectful reverence for men of authority or worth.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I will put my <i>fear</i> in their hearts.</blockquote> <i>Jer. xxxii. 40.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>I will teach you the <i>fear</i> of the Lord.</blockquote> <i>Ps. xxxiv. 11.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>render therefore to all their dues; tribute to whom tribute is due . . . <i>fear</i> to whom <i>fear</i>.</blockquote> <i>Rom. xiii. 7.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>That which causes, or which is the object of, apprehension or alarm; source or occasion of terror; danger; dreadfulness.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>There were they in great fear, where no <i>fear</i> was.</blockquote> <i>Ps. liii. 5.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>fear</i> of your adventure would counsel you to a more equal enterprise.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><col><b>For fear</b></col>, <cd>in apprehension lest.</cd> "For <i>fear</i> you ne'er see chain nor money more." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fear</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Feared</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Fearing</u>.] [OE. <i>feren</i>, <i>faeren</i>, to frighten, to be afraid, AS. <i>f&?;ran</i> to terrify. See <u>Fear</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To feel a painful apprehension of; to be afraid of; to consider or expect with emotion of alarm or solicitude.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I will <i>fear</i> no evil, for thou art with me.</blockquote> <i>Ps. xxiii. 4.</i></p>

<p>With subordinate clause.</p>

<p><blockquote>I greatly <i>fear</i> my money is not safe.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>I almost <i>fear</i> to quit your hand.</blockquote> <i>D. Jerrold.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To have a reverential awe of; to solicitous to avoid the displeasure of.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Leave them to God above; him serve and <i>fear</i>.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To be anxious or solicitous for.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>The sins of the father are to be laid upon the children, therefore . . . I <i>fear</i> you.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To suspect; to doubt.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Ay what else, <i>fear</i> you not her courage?</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>To affright; to terrify; to drive away or prevent approach of by fear.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote><i>fear</i> their people from doing evil.</blockquote> <i>Robynsin (More's utopia).</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Tush, tush! <i>fear</i> boys with bugs.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — To apprehend; dread; reverence; venerate.</p>

<p><hw>Fear</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To be in apprehension of evil; to be afraid; to feel anxiety on account of some expected evil.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I exceedingly <i>fear</i> and quake.</blockquote> <i>Heb. xii. 21.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fear"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who fars.</def> <i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fear"ful</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Full of fear, apprehension, or alarm; afraid; frightened.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Anxious amidst all their success, and <i>fearful</i> amidat all their power.</blockquote> <i>Bp. Warburton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>inclined to fear; easily frightened; without courage; timid.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>What man is there that is <i>fearful</i> and faint- hearted?</blockquote> <i>Deut. xx. 8.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Indicating, or caused by, fear.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Cold <i>fearful</i> drops stand on my trembling flesh.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Inspiring fear or awe; exciting apprehension or terror; terrible; frightful; dreadful.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>This glorious and <i>fearful</i> name, <u>The Lord thy God</u>.</blockquote> <i>Deut. xxviii. 58.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Death is a <i>fearful</i> thing.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>In dreams they <i>fearful</i> precipices tread.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Apprehensive; afraid; timid; timorous; horrible; distressing; shocking; frightful; dreadful; awful.</p>

<p><hw>Fear"ful*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a fearful manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fear"ful*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The state of being fearful.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fear"less</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Free from fear.</def></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Bold; courageous; intrepid; valorous; valiant; brave; undaunted; dauntless; heroic.</p>

<p>— <wf>Fear"less*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Fear"less*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Fear"naught`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A fearless person.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A stout woolen cloth of great thickness; dreadnaught; also, a warm garment.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fear"some</hw> (?) <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Frightful; causing fear.</def> [Scotch] "This <i>fearsome</i> wind." <i>Sir W. Scott</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Easily frightened; timid; timorous.</def> "A silly <i>fearsome</i> thing." <i>B. Taylor</i></p>

<p><! p. 548 !></p>

<p><hw>Fea"si*bil*ity</hw> (?) <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Feasibilities</b></plw> (-tiz). [from <u>Feasible</u>] <def>The quality of being feasible; practicability; also, that which is feasible; as, before we adopt a plan, let us consider its <i>feasibility</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Men often swallow falsities for truths, dubiosities for certainties, possibilities for <i>feasibilities</i>.</blockquote> <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fea"si*ble</hw> (?) <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [F. <i>faisable</i>, fr. <i>faire</i> to make or do, fr. L. <i>facere</i>. See <u>Fact</u>, <u>Feat</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Capable of being done, executed, or effected; practicable.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Always existing before their eyes as a thing <i>feasible</i> in practice.</blockquote> <i>Burke.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>It was not <i>feasible</i> to gratify so many ambitions.</blockquote> <i>Beaconsfield.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Fit to be used or tailed, as land.</def> [R.] <i>R. Trumbull.</i></p>

<p><wf>Fea"si*ble*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> — <wf>Fea"si*bly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Feast</hw> (f&emacr;st), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>feste</i> festival, holiday, feast, OF. <i>feste</i> festival, F. <i>f&ecirc;te</i>, fr. L. <i>festum</i>, pl. <i>festa</i>, fr. <i>festus</i> joyful, festal; of uncertain origin. Cf. <u>Fair</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, <u>Festal</u>, <u>F&ecirc;te</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A festival; a holiday; a solemn, or more commonly, a joyous, anniversary.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The seventh day shall be a <i>feast</i> to the Lord.</blockquote> <i>Ex. xiii. 6.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Now his parents went to Jerusalem every year at the <i>feast</i> of the passover.</blockquote> <i>Luke ii. 41.</i></p>

<p>&fist; Ecclesiastical <i>feasts</i> are called <i>immovable</i> when they always occur on the same day of the year; otherwise they are called <i>movable</i>.</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A festive or joyous meal; a grand, ceremonious, or sumptuous entertainment, of which many guests partake; a banquet characterized by tempting variety and abundance of food.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Enough is as good as a <i>feast</i>.</blockquote> <i>Old Proverb.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Belshazzar the King made a great <i>feast</i> to a thousand of his lords.</blockquote> <i>Dan. v. 1.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>That which is partaken of, or shared in, with delight; something highly agreeable; entertainment.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>feast</i> of reason, and the flow of soul.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Feast day</b></col>, <cd>a holiday; a day set as a solemn commemorative festival.</cd></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Entertainment; regale; banquet; treat; carousal; festivity; festival. — <u>Feast</u>, <u>Banquet</u>, <u>Festival</u>, <u>Carousal</u>. A <i>feast</i> sets before us viands superior in quantity, variety, and abundance; a <i>banquet</i> is a luxurious feast; a <i>festival</i> is the joyful celebration by good cheer of some agreeable event. <i>Carousal</i> is unrestrained indulgence in frolic and drink.</p>

<p><hw>Feast</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Feasted</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Feasting</u>.] [OE. <i>festen</i>, cf. OF. <i>fester</i> to rest from work, F. <i>f&ecirc;ter</i> to celebrate a holiday. See <u>Feast</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To eat sumptuously; to dine or sup on rich provisions, particularly in large companies, and on public festivals.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>And his sons went and <i>feasted</i> in their houses.</blockquote> <i>Job. i. 4.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To be highly gratified or delighted.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>With my love's picture then my eye doth <i>feast</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Feast</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To entertain with sumptuous provisions; to treat at the table bountifully; as, he was <i>feasted</i> by the king.</def> <i>Hayward.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To delight; to gratify; as, to <i>feast</i> the soul.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Feast</i> your ears with the music a while.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Feast"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who fares deliciously.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>One who entertains magnificently.</def> <i>Johnson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Feast"ful</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Festive; festal; joyful; sumptuous; luxurious.</def> "<i>Feastful</i> days." <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p>— <wf>Feast"ful*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Feat</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>fet</i>, OF. <i>fet</i>, <i>fait</i>, F. <i>fait</i>, <i>factum</i>, fr. L. <i>facere</i>, <i>factum</i>, to make or do. Cf. <u>Fact</u>, <u>Feasible</u>, <u>Do</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>An act; a deed; an exploit.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The warlike <i>feats</i> I have done.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A striking act of strength, skill, or cunning; a trick; as, <i>feats</i> of horsemanship, or of dexterity.</def></p>

<p><hw>Feat</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To form; to fashion.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>To the more mature,<BR> A glass that <i>feated</i> them.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Feat</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<pos><i>Compar.</i></pos> <u>Feater</u> (?); <pos><i>superl.</i></pos> <u>Featest</u>.] [F. <i>fait</i> made, shaped, fit, p. p. of <i>faire</i> to make or do. See <u>Feat</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <def>Dexterous in movements or service; skillful; neat; nice; pretty.</def> [Archaic]</p>

<p><blockquote>Never master had a page . . . so <i>feat</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>And look how well my garments sit upon me —<BR> Much <i>feater</i> than before.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Feat"-bod`ied</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having a feat or trim body.</def> [Obs.] <i>Beau. & Fl.</i></p>

<p><hw>Feat"e*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. OF. <i>faitis</i>, <i>faitice</i>, <i>fetis</i>, well made, fine, L. <i>facticius</i> made by art.] <def>Dexterous; neat.</def> [Obs.] <i>Johnson.</i></p>

<p>— <wf>Feat"e*ous*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Feath"er</hw> (f&ebreve;&thlig;"&etilde;r), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>fether</i>, AS. <i>fe&eth;er</i>; akin to D. <i>veder</i>, OHG. <i>fedara</i>, G. <i>feder</i>, Icel. <i>fj&ouml;&eth;r</i>, Sw. <i>fj&auml;der</i>, Dan. <i>fj&aelig;der</i>, Gr. <grk>ptero`n</grk> wing, feather, <grk>pe`tesqai</grk> to fly, Skr. <i>pattra</i> wing, feather, <i>pat</i> to fly, and prob. to L. <i>penna</i> feather, wing. &radic;76, 248. Cf. <u>Pen</u> a feather.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One of the peculiar dermal appendages, of several kinds, belonging to birds, as contour feathers, quills, and down.</def></p>

<p>&fist; An ordinary feather consists of the quill or hollow basal part of the stem; the shaft or rachis, forming the upper, solid part of the stem; the vanes or webs, implanted on the rachis and consisting of a series of slender lamin&aelig; or barbs, which usually bear barbules, which in turn usually bear barbicels and interlocking hooks by which they are fastened together. See <u>Down</u>, <u>Quill</u>, <u>Plumage</u>.</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Kind; nature; species; — from the proverbial phrase, "Birds of a feather," that is, of the same species.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>I am not of that <i>feather</i> to shake off<BR> My friend when he must need me.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>The fringe of long hair on the legs of the setter and some other dogs.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>A tuft of peculiar, long, frizzly hair on a horse.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>One of the fins or wings on the shaft of an arrow.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <i>(Mach. & Carp.)</i> <def>A longitudinal strip projecting as a fin from an object, to strengthen it, or to enter a channel in another object and thereby prevent displacement sidwise but permit motion lengthwise; a spline.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <def>A thin wedge driven between the two semicylindrical parts of a divided plug in a hole bored in a stone, to rend the stone.</def> <i>Knight.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>8.</b></sn> <def>The angular adjustment of an oar or paddle-wheel float, with reference to a horizontal axis, as it leaves or enters the water.</def></p>

<p>&fist; <i>Feather</i> is used adjectively or in combination, meaning <i>composed of</i>, or <i>resembling</i>, <i>a feather or feathers</i>; as, <i>feather</i> fan, <i>feather</i>-heeled, <i>feather</i> duster.</p>

<p> <col><b>Feather alum</b></col> <i>(Min.)</i>, <cd>a hydrous sulphate of alumina, resulting from volcanic action, and from the decomposition of iron pyrites; — called also <i>halotrichite</i>.</cd> <i>Ure.</i> — <col><b>Feather bed</b></col>, <cd>a bed filled with feathers.</cd> — <col><b>Feather driver</b></col>, <cd>one who prepares feathers by beating.</cd> — <col><b>Feather duster</b></col>, <cd>a dusting brush of feathers.</cd> — <col><b>Feather flower</b></col>, <cd>an artifical flower made of feathers, for ladies' headdresses, and other ornamental purposes.</cd> — <col><b>Feather grass</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>a kind of grass (<i>Stipa pennata</i>) which has a long feathery awn rising from one of the chaffy scales which inclose the grain.</cd> — <col><b>Feather maker</b></col>, <cd>one who makes plumes, etc., of feathers, real or artificial.</cd> — <col><b>Feather ore</b></col> <i>(Min.)</i>, <cd>a sulphide of antimony and lead, sometimes found in capillary forms and like a cobweb, but also massive. It is a variety of Jamesonite.</cd> — <col><b>Feather shot</b></col>, or <col><b>Feathered shot</b></col> <i>(Metal.)</i>, <cd>copper granulated by pouring into cold water.</cd> <i>Raymond.</i> — <col><b>Feather spray</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>the spray thrown up, like pairs of feathers, by the cutwater of a fast-moving vessel.</cd> — <col><b>Feather star</b></col>. <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <cd>See <u>Comatula</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Feather weight</b></col>. <i>(Racing)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>Scrupulously exact weight, so that a feather would turn the scale, when a jockey is weighed or weighted.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>The lightest weight that can be put on the back of a horse in racing.</cd> <i>Youatt.</i> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <cd>In wrestling, boxing, etc., a term applied to the lightest of the classes into which contestants are divided; — in contradistinction to <i>light weight</i>, <i>middle weight</i>, and <i>heavy weight</i>.</cd> — <col><b>A feather in the cap</b></col> <cd>an honour, trophy, or mark of distinction.</cd> [Colloq.] — <col><b>To be in full feather</b></col>, <cd>to be in full dress or in one's best clothes.</cd> [Collog.] — <col><b>To be in high feather</b></col>, <cd>to be in high spirits.</cd> [Collog.] — <col><b>To cut a feather</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <i>(Naut.)</i> <cd>To make the water foam in moving; in allusion to the ripple which a ship throws off from her bows.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>To make one's self conspicuous.</cd> [Colloq.] — <col><b>To show the white feather</b></col>, <cd>to betray cowardice, — a white feather in the tail of a cock being considered an indication that he is not of the true game breed.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Feath"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Feathered</u> (#); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Feathering.</u>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To furnish with a feather or feathers, as an arrow or a cap.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>An eagle had the ill hap to be struck with an arrow <i>feathered</i> from her own wing.</blockquote> <i>L'Estrange.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To adorn, as with feathers; to fringe.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A few birches and oaks still <i>feathered</i> the narrow ravines.</blockquote> <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To render light as a feather; to give wings to.</def>[R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>The Polonian story perhaps may <i>feather</i> some tedious hours.</blockquote> <i>Loveday.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To enrich; to exalt; to benefit.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>They stuck not to say that the king cared not to plume his nobility and people to <i>feather</i> himself.</blockquote> <i>Bacon.</i> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>To tread, as a cock.</def> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><col><b>To feather one's nest</b></col>, <cd>to provide for one's self especially from property belonging to another, confided to one's care; — an expression taken from the practice of birds which collect feathers for the lining of their nests.</cd> — <col><b>To feather an oar</b></col> <i>(Naut)</i>, <cd>to turn it when it leaves the water so that the blade will be horizontal and offer the least resistance to air while reaching for another stroke.</cd> — <col><b>To tar and feather a person</b></col>, <cd>to smear him with tar and cover him with feathers, as a punishment or an indignity.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Feath"er</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To grow or form feathers; to become feathered; — often with <i>out</i>; as, the birds are <i>feathering</i> out.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To curdle when poured into another liquid, and float about in little flakes or "feathers;" as, the cream <i>feathers</i>.</def> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To turn to a horizontal plane; — said of oars.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>feathering</i> oar returns the gleam.</blockquote> <i>Tickell.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Stopping his sculls in the air to <i>feather</i> accurately.</blockquote> <i>Macmillan's Mag.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To have the appearance of a feather or of feathers; to be or to appear in feathery form.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A clump of ancient cedars <i>feathering</i> in evergreen beauty down to the ground.</blockquote> <i>Warren.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The ripple <i>feathering</i> from her bows.</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Feath"er-brained`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Giddy; frivolous; feather-headed.</def> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><hw>Feath"ered</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Clothed, covered, or fitted with (or as with) feathers or wings; as, a <i>feathered</i> animal; a <i>feathered</i> arrow.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Rise from the ground like <i>feathered</i> Mercury.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Nonsense <i>feathered</i> with soft and delicate phrases and pointed with pathetic accent.</blockquote> <i>Dr. J. Scott.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Furnished with anything featherlike; ornamented; fringed; as, land <i>feathered</i> with trees.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Having a fringe of feathers, as the legs of certian birds; or of hairs, as the legs of a setter dog.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Her.)</i> <def>Having feathers; — said of an arrow, when the feathers are of a tincture different from that of the shaft.</def></p>

<p><hw>Feath"er-edge`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The thin, new growth around the edge of a shell, of an oyster.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Any thin, as on a board or a razor.</def></p>

<p><hw>Feath"er-edged`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having a feather-edge; also, having one edge thinner than the other, as a board; — in the United States, said only of stuff one edge of which is made as thin as practicable.</def></p>

<p><hw>Feath"er-few</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Feverfew.</def></p>

<p><hw>Feath"er-foil`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Feather</i> + <i>foil</i> a leaf.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>An aquatic plant (<i>Hottonia palustris</i>), having finely divided leaves.</def></p>

<p><hw>Feath"er-head`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A frivolous or featherbrained person.</def> [Colloq.] <i>H. James.</i></p>

<p><hw>Feath"er-head`ed</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Giddy; frivolous; foolish.</def> [Colloq.] <i>G. Eliot.</i></p>

<p><hw>Feath"er-heeled`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Light- heeled; gay; frisky; frolicsome.</def> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><hw>Feath"er*i*ness</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The state or condition of being feathery.</def></p>

<p><hw>Feath"er*ing</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Foliation</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The act of turning the blade of the oar, as it rises from the water in rowing, from a vertical to a horizontal position. See <i>To feather an oar</i>, under <u>Feather</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos></def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A covering of feathers.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Feathering float</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>the float or paddle of a feathering wheel.</cd> — <col><b>Feathering screw</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>a screw propeller, of which the blades may be turned so as to move edgewise through the water when the vessel is moving under sail alone.</cd> — <col><b>Feathering wheel</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>a paddle wheel whose floats turn automatically so as to dip about perpendicularly into the water and leave in it the same way, avoiding beating on the water in the descent and lifting water in the ascent.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Feath"er*less</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Destitute of feathers.</def></p>

<p><hw>Feath"er*ly</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Like feathers.</def> [Obs.] <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Feath"er-pat"ed</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Feather- headed; frivolous.</def> [Colloq.] <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><hw>Feath"er-veined`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Having the veins (of a leaf) diverging from the two sides of a midrib.</def></p>

<p><hw>Feath"er*y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pertaining to, or resembling, feathers; covered with, or as with, feathers; as, <i>feathery</i> spray or snow.</def> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Ye <i>feathery</i> people of mid air.</blockquote> <i>Barry Cornwall.</i></p>

<p><hw>Feat"ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> [From <u>Feat</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <def>Neatly; dexterously; nimbly.</def> [Archaic]</p>

<p><blockquote>Foot <i>featly</i> here and there.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Feat"ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Skill; adroitness.</def> [Archaic] <i>Johnson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fea"ture</hw> (?; 135), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>feture</i> form, shape, feature, OF. <i>faiture</i> fashion, make, fr. L. <i>factura</i> a making, formation, fr. <i>facere</i>, <i>factum</i>, to make. See <u>Feat</u>, <u>Fact</u>, and cf. <u>Facture</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The make, form, or outward appearance of a person; the whole turn or style of the body; esp., good appearance.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>What needeth it his <i>feature</i> to descrive?</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Cheated of <i>feature</i> by dissembling nature.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The make, cast, or appearance of the human face, and especially of any single part of the face; a lineament. (<i>pl.</i>) The face, the countenance.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>It is for homely <i>features</i> to keep home.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>The cast or structure of anything, or of any part of a thing, as of a landscape, a picture, a treaty, or an essay; any marked peculiarity or characteristic; as, one of the <i>features</i> of the landscape.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>And to her service bind each living creature<BR> Through secret understanding of their <i>feature</i>.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>A form; a shape.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>So scented the grim <i>feature</i>, and upturned<BR> His nostril wide into the murky air.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fea"tured</hw> (?; 135), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Shaped; fashioned.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>How noble, young, how rarely <i>featured</i>!</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Having features; formed into features.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The well-stained canvas or the <i>featured</i> stone.</blockquote> <i>Young.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fea"ture*less</hw> (?; 135), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having no distinct or distinctive features.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fea"ture*ly</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having features; showing marked peculiarities; handsome.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote><i>Featurely</i> warriors of Christian chivalry.</blockquote> <i>Coleridge.</i></p>

<p><hw>Feaze</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Feazed</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Feazing</u>.] [Cf. OE. <i>faseln</i> to ravel, fr. AS. <i>f&aelig;s</i> fringe; akin to G. <i>fasen</i> to separate fibers or threads, <i>fasen</i>, <i>faser</i>, thread, filament, OHG. <i>faso</i>.] <def>To untwist; to unravel, as the end of a rope.</def> <i>Johnson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Feaze</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [See <u>Feese</u>.] <def>To beat; to chastise; also, to humble; to harass; to worry.</def> [Obs.] <i>insworth.</i></p>

<p><hw>Feaze</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A state of anxious or fretful excitement; worry; vexation.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Feaz"ings</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [See <u>Feaze</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>] <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>The unlaid or ragged end of a rope.</def> <i>Ham. Nav. Encyc.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fe*bric"i*tate</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [L. <i>febricitare</i>, fr. <i>febris</i>. See <u>Febrile</u>.] <def>To have a fever.</def> [Obs.] <i>Bailey.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fe*bric"u*lose`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>febriculosus</i>.] <def>Somewhat feverish.</def> [Obs.] <i>Johnson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Feb`ri*fa"cient</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>febris</i> fever + <i>faciens</i>, p. pr. of <i>facere</i> to make.] <def>Febrific.</def> <i>Dunglison.</i></p>

<p>— <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>That which causes fever.</def> <i>Beddoes.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fe*brif"er*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>febris</i> fever + <i>-ferous</i>.] <def>Causing fever; as, a <i>febriferous</i> locality.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fe*brif"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>febris</i> fever + <i>ficare</i> (in comp.) to make. See <u>fy</u>-.] <def>Producing fever.</def> <i>Dunglison.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fe*brif"u*gal</hw> (? or ?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See <u>Febrifuge</u>.] <def>Having the quality of mitigating or curing fever.</def> <i>Boyle.</i></p>

<p><hw>Feb"ri*fuge</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>febris</i> fever + <i>fugare</i> to put to flight, from <i>fugere</i> to flee: cf. F. <i>f&eacute;brifuge</i>. see <u>Febrile</u>, <u>Feverfew</u>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>A medicine serving to mitigate or remove fever.</def> — <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Antifebrile.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fe"brile</hw> (?; 277), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [F. <i>f&eacute;brile</i>, from L. <i>febris</i> fever. See <u>Fever</u>.] <def>Pertaining to fever; indicating fever, or derived from it; as, <i>febrile</i> symptoms; <i>febrile</i> action.</def> <i>Dunglison.</i></p>

<p><hw>Feb"ru*a*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>Februarius</i>, orig., the month of expiation, because on the fifteenth of this month the great feast of expiation and purification was held, fr. <i>februa</i>, pl., the Roman festival or purification; akin to <i>februare</i> to purify, expiate.] <def>The second month in the year, said to have been introduced into the Roman calendar by Numa. In common years this month contains twenty-eight days; in the bissextile, or leap year, it has twenty-nine days.</def></p>

<p><hw>Feb`ru*a"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>februatio</i>. See <u>february</u>.] <def>Purification; a sacrifice.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fe"cal</hw> (f&emacr;"k<i>a</i>l), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>f&eacute;cal</i>. See <u>Feces</u>.] <def>relating to, or containing, dregs, feces, or ordure; f&aelig;cal.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fec"che</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To fetch.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fe"ces</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> <def>dregs; sediment; excrement. See <u>F&AElig;ces</u>.</def></p>

<p><! p. 549 !></p>

<p><hw>Fe"cial</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>fetialis</i> belonging to the <i>fetiales</i>, the Roman priests who sanctioned treaties and demanded satisfaction from the enemy before a formal declaration of war.] <def>Pertaining to heralds, declarations of war, and treaties of peace; as, <i>fecial</i> law.</def> <i>Kent.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fe"ci*fork`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Feces</i> + <i>fork</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The anal fork on which the larv&aelig; of certain insects carry their f&aelig;ces.</def></p>

<p><hw>Feck"less</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Perh. a corruption of <i>effectless</i>.] <def>Spiritless; weak; worthless.</def> [Scot]</p>

<p><hw>feck"less*ness</hw> <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>absence of merit.</def><BR> [WordNet 1.5]</p>

<p><hw>Fecks</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A corruption of the word <i>faith</i>.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fec"u*la</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Fecul&AElig;</b></plw> [L. <i>faecula</i> burnt tartar or salt of tartar, dim. of <i>faex</i>, <i>faecis</i>, sediment, dregs: cf. F. <i>f&eacute;cule</i>.] <def>Any pulverulent matter obtained from plants by simply breaking down the texture, washing with water, and subsidence.</def> Especially: <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The nutritious part of wheat; starch or farina; — called also <i>amylaceous fecula</i>.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The green matter of plants; chlorophyll.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fec"u*lence</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>faeculentia</i> dregs, filth: cf. F. <i>f&eacute;culence</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The state or quality of being feculent; muddiness; foulness.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>That which is feculent; sediment; lees; dregs.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fec"u*len*cy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Feculence.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fec"u*lent</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>faeculentus</i>, fr. <i>faecula</i>: cf. F. <i>f&eacute;culent</i>. See <u>Fecula</u>.] <def>Foul with extraneous or impure substances; abounding with sediment or excrementitious matter; muddy; thick; turbid.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Both his hands most filthy <i>feculent</i>.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fec"und</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>fecundus</i>, from the root of <i>fetus</i>: cf. F. <i>f&eacute;cond</i>. see <u>Fetus</u>.] <def>Fruitful in children; prolific.</def> <i>Graunt.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fec"un*date</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Fecundated</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Fecundating</u> (?).] [L. <i>fecundare</i>, fr. <i>fecundus</i>. See <u>Fecund</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To make fruitful or prolific.</def> <i>W. Montagu.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>To render fruitful or prolific; to impregnate; as, in flowers the pollen <i>fecundates</i> the ovum through the stigma.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fec`un*da"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>f&eacute;condation</i>.] <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>The act by which, either in animals or plants, material prepared by the generative organs the female organism is brought in contact with matter from the organs of the male, so that a new organism results; impregnation; fertilization.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fe*cun"di*fy</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<i>Fecund</i> + <i>-fy</i>.] <def>To make fruitful; to fecundate.</def> <i>Johnson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fe*cun"di*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>fecunditas</i>: cf. F. <i>f&eacute;condit&eacute;</i>. See <u>Fecund</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The quality or power of producing fruit; fruitfulness; especially <i>(Biol.)</i>, the quality in female organisms of reproducing rapidly and in great numbers.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The power of germinating; as in seeds.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>The power of bringing forth in abundance; fertility; richness of invention; as, the <i>fecundity</i> of God's creative power.</def> <i>Bentley.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fed</hw> (?), <def><pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> of <u>Feed</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fed"a*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A feodary.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fed"er*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>foedus</i> league, treaty, compact; akin to <i>fides</i> faith: cf. F. <i>f&eacute;d&eacute;ral</i>. see <u>Faith</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Pertaining to a league or treaty; derived from an agreement or covenant between parties, especially between nations; constituted by a compact between parties, usually governments or their representatives.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The Romans compelled them, contrary to all <i>federal</i> right, . . . to part with Sardinia.</blockquote> <i>Grew.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> Specifically: <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>Composed of states or districts which retain only a subordinate and limited sovereignty, as the <i>Union</i> of the United States, or the <i>Sonderbund</i> of Switzerland.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>Consisting or pertaining to such a government; as, the <i>Federal</i> Constitution; a <i>Federal</i> officer.</def> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <def>Friendly or devoted to such a government; as, the <i>Federal</i> party. see <u>Federalist</u>.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Federal Congress</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Congress</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fed"er*al</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Federalist</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fed"er*al*ism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>f&eacute;d&eacute;ralisme</i>.] <def>The principles of Federalists or of federal union.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fed"er*al*ist</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>f&eacute;d&eacute;raliste</i>.] <def>An advocate of confederation;</def> specifically <i>(Amer. Hist.)</i>, <def>a friend of the Constitution of the United States at its formation and adoption; a member of the political party which favored the administration of president Washington.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fed"er*al*ize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Federalized</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Federalizing</u> (?).] [Cf. F. <i>f&eacute;d&eacute;raliser</i>.] <def>To unite in compact, as different States; to confederate for political purposes; to unite by or under the Federal Constitution.</def> <i>Barlow.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fed"er*a*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Federal</u>.] <def>A partner; a confederate; an accomplice.</def> [Obs.] <i>hak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fed"er*ate</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>foederatus</i>, p. p. of <i>foederare</i> to establish by treaty or league, fr. <i>foedus</i>. See <u>Federal</u>.] <def>United by compact, as sovereignties, states, or nations; joined in confederacy; leagued; confederate; as, <i>federate</i> nations.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fed`er*a"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>f&eacute;d&eacute;ration</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of uniting in a league; confederation.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A league; a confederacy; a federal or confederated government.</def> <i>Burke.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fed"er*a*tive</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>f&eacute;d&eacute;ratif</i>.] <def>Uniting in a league; forming a confederacy; federal.</def> "A <i>federative</i> society." <i>Burke.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fed"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>foeditas</i>, fr. <i>foedus</i> foul, filthy.] <def>Turpitude; vileness.</def> [Obs.] <i>Bp. Hall.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fee</hw> (f&emacr;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>fe</i>, <i>feh</i>, <i>feoh</i>, cattle, property, money, fief, AS. <i>feoh</i> cattle, property, money; the senses of "property, money," arising from cattle being used in early times as a medium of exchange or payment, property chiefly consisting of cattle; akin to OS. <i>fehu</i> cattle, property, D. <i>vee</i> cattle, OHG. <i>fihu</i>, <i>fehu</i>, G. <i>vieh</i>, Icel. <i>f&emacr;</i> cattle, property, money, Goth. <i>fa&iacute;hu</i>, L. <i>pecus</i> cattle, <i>pecunia</i> property, money, Skr. <i>pa&ccedil;u</i> cattle, perh. orig., "a fastened or tethered animal," from a root signifying <i>to bind</i>, and perh. akin to E. <i>fang</i>, <i>fair</i>, a.; cf. OF. <i>fie</i>, <i>flu</i>, <i>feu</i>, <i>fleu</i>, <i>fief</i>, F. <i>fief</i>, from German, of the same origin. the sense <i>fief</i> is due to the French. &radic;249. Cf. <u>Feud</u>, <u>Fief</u>, <u>Fellow</u>, <u>Pecuniary</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>property; possession; tenure.</def> "Laden with rich <i>fee</i>." <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Once did she hold the gorgeous East in <i>fee</i>.</blockquote> <i>Wordsworth.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Reward or compensation for services rendered or to be rendered; especially, payment for professional services, of optional amount, or fixed by custom or laws; charge; pay; perquisite; as, the <i>fees</i> of lawyers and physicians; the <i>fees</i> of office; clerk's <i>fees</i>; sheriff's <i>fees</i>; marriage <i>fees</i>, etc.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>To plead for love deserves more <i>fee</i> than hate.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Feud. Law)</i> <def>A right to the use of a superior's land, as a stipend for services to be performed; also, the land so held; a fief.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Eng. Law)</i> <def>An estate of inheritance supposed to be held either mediately or immediately from the sovereign, and absolutely vested in the owner.</def></p>

<p>&fist; All the land in England, except the crown land, is of this kind. An <i>absolute fee</i>, or <i>fee simple</i>, is land which a man holds to himself and his heirs forever, who are called <i>tenants in fee simple</i>. In modern writers, by <i>fee</i> is usually meant <i>fee simple</i>. A <i>limited fee</i> may be a <i>qualified</i> or <i>base fee</i>, which ceases with the existence of certain conditions; or a <i>conditional fee</i>, or <i>fee tail</i>, which is limited to particular heirs. <i>Blackstone.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <i>(Amer. Law)</i> <def>An estate of inheritance belonging to the owner, and transmissible to his heirs, absolutely and simply, without condition attached to the tenure.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Fee estate</b></col> <i>(Eng. Law)</i>, <cd>land or tenements held in fee in consideration or some acknowledgment or service rendered to the lord.</cd> — <col><b>Fee farm</b></col> <i>(Law)</i>, <cd>land held of another in fee, in consideration of an annual rent, without homage, fealty, or any other service than that mentioned in the feoffment; an estate in fee simple, subject to a perpetual rent.</cd> <i>Blackstone.</i> — <col><b>Fee farm rent</b></col> <i>(Eng. Law)</i>, <cd>a perpetual rent reserved upon a conveyance in fee simple.</cd> — <col><b>Fee fund</b></col> <i>(Scot. Law)</i>, <cd>certain court dues out of which the clerks and other court officers are paid.</cd> — <col><b>Fee simple</b></col> <i>(Law)</i>, <cd>an absolute fee; a fee without conditions or limits.</cd></p>

<p><blockquote>Buy the <i>fee simple</i> of my life for an hour and a quarter.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p>— <col><b>Fee tail</b></col> <i>(Law)</i>, <cd>an estate of inheritance, limited and restrained to some particular heirs.</cd> <i>Burill.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fee</hw> (f&emacr;), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Feed</u> (f&emacr;d); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Feeing</u>.] <def>To reward for services performed, or to be performed; to recompense; to hire or keep in hire; hence, to bribe.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The patient . . . <i>fees</i> the doctor.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>There's not a one of them but in his house<BR> I keep a servant <i>feed</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fee"ble</hw> (f&emacr;"b'l), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<pos><i>Compar.</i></pos> <u>Feebler</u> (-bl&etilde;r); <pos><i>superl.</i></pos> <u>Feeblest</u> (-bl&ebreve;st).] [OE. <i>feble</i>, OF. <i>feble</i>, <i>flebe</i>, <i>floibe</i>, <i>floible</i>, <i>foible</i>, F. <i>faible</i>, L. <i>flebilis</i> to be wept over, lamentable, wretched, fr. <i>flere</i> to weep. Cf. <u>Foible</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Deficient in physical strength; weak; infirm; debilitated.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Carried all the <i>feeble</i> of them upon asses.</blockquote> <i>2 Chron. xxviii. 15.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Wanting force, vigor, or efficiency in action or expression; not full, loud, bright, strong, rapid, etc.; faint; as, a <i>feeble</i> color; <i>feeble</i> motion.</def> "A lady's <i>feeble</i> voice." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fee"ble</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To make feble; to enfeeble.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Shall that victorious hand be <i>feebled</i> here?</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fee"ble-mind"ed</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Weak in intellectual power; wanting firmness or constancy; irresolute; vacillating; imbecile.</def> "comfort the <i>feeble-minded</i>." <i>1 Thess. v. 14.</i></p>

<p>— <wf>Fee"ble-mind"ed*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Fee"ble*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality or condition of being feeble; debility; infirmity.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>That shakes for age and <i>feebleness</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fee"bly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a feeble manner.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The restored church . . . contended <i>feebly</i>, and with half a heart.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><hw>Feed</hw> (f&emacr;d), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Fed</u> (f&ebreve;d); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Feeding</u>.] [AS. <i>f&emacr;dan</i>, fr. <i>f&omacr;da</i> food; akin to OS. <i>f&omacr;dian</i>, OFries. <i>f&emacr;da</i>, <i>f&omacr;da</i>, D. <i>voeden</i>, OHG. <i>fuottan</i>, Icel. <i>f&aelig;&eth;a</i>, Sw. <i>f&ouml;da</i>, Dan. <i>f&ouml;de</i>. &radic;75. See <u>Food</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To give food to; to supply with nourishment; to satisfy the physical huger of.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>If thine enemy hunger, <i>feed</i> him.</blockquote> <i>Rom. xii. 20.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Unreasonable creatures <i>feed</i> their young.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To satisfy; gratify or minister to, as any sense, talent, taste, or desire.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I will <i>feed</i> fat the ancient grudge I bear him.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Feeding</i> him with the hope of liberty.</blockquote> <i>Knolles.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To fill the wants of; to supply with that which is used or wasted; as, springs <i>feed</i> ponds; the hopper <i>feeds</i> the mill; to <i>feed</i> a furnace with coal.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To nourish, in a general sense; to foster, strengthen, develop, and guard.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Thou shalt <i>feed</i> my people Israel.</blockquote> <i>2 Sam. v. 2.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Mightiest powers by deepest calms are <i>fed</i>.</blockquote> <i>B. Cornwall.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>To graze; to cause to be cropped by feeding, as herbage by cattle; as, if grain is too forward in autumn, <i>feed</i> it with sheep.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Once in three years <i>feed</i> your mowing lands.</blockquote> <i>Mortimer.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>To give for food, especially to animals; to furnish for consumption; as, to <i>feed</i> out turnips to the cows; to <i>feed</i> water to a steam boiler.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <i>(Mach.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>To supply (the material to be operated upon) to a machine; as, to <i>feed</i> paper to a printing press.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>To produce progressive operation upon or with (as in wood and metal working machines, so that the work moves to the cutting tool, or the tool to the work).</def></p>

<p><hw>Feed</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To take food; to eat.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Her kid . . . which I afterwards killed because it would not <i>feed</i>.</blockquote> <i>De Foe.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To subject by eating; to satisfy the appetite; to feed one's self (upon something); to prey; — with <i>on</i> or <i>upon</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Leaving thy trunk for crows to <i>feed</i> upon.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To be nourished, strengthened, or satisfied, as if by food.</def> "He <i>feeds</i> upon the cooling shade." <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To place cattle to feed; to pasture; to graze.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>If a man . . . shall put in his beast, and shall <i>feed</i> in another man's field.</blockquote> <i>Ex. xxii. 5.</i></p>

<p><hw>Feed</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>That which is eaten; esp., food for beasts; fodder; pasture; hay; grain, ground or whole; as, the best <i>feed</i> for sheep.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A grazing or pasture ground.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>An allowance of provender given to a horse, cow, etc.; a meal; as, a <i>feed</i> of corn or oats.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>A meal, or the act of eating.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>For such pleasure till that hour<BR> At <i>feed</i> or fountain never had I found.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>The water supplied to steam boilers.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <i>(Mach.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The motion, or act, of carrying forward the stuff to be operated upon, as cloth to the needle in a sewing machine; or of producing progressive operation upon any material or object in a machine, as, in a turning lathe, by moving the cutting tool along or in the work.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The supply of material to a machine, as water to a steam boiler, coal to a furnace, or grain to a run of stones.</def> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <def>The mechanism by which the action of feeding is produced; a feed motion.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Feed bag</b></col>, <cd>a nose bag containing feed for a horse or mule.</cd> — <col><b>Feed cloth</b></col>, <cd>an apron for leading cotton, wool, or other fiber, into a machine, as for carding, etc.</cd> — <col><b>Feed door</b></col>, <cd>a door to a furnace, by which to supply coal.</cd> — <col><b>Feed head</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>A cistern for feeding water by gravity to a steam boiler.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <i>(Founding)</i> <cd>An excess of metal above a mold, which serves to render the casting more compact by its pressure; — also called a <i>riser</i>, <i>deadhead</i>, or simply <i>feed</i> or <i>head</i></cd> <i>Knight.</i> — <col><b>Feed heater</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <i>(Steam Engine)</i> <cd>A vessel in which the feed water for the boiler is heated, usually by exhaust steam.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>A boiler or kettle in which is heated food for stock.</cd> — <col><b>Feed motion</b></col>, or <col><b>Feed gear</b></col> <i>(Mach.)</i>, <cd>the train of mechanism that gives motion to the part that directly produces the feed in a machine.</cd> — <col><b>Feed pipe</b></col>, <cd>a pipe for supplying the boiler of a steam engine, etc., with water.</cd> — <col><b>Feed pump</b></col>, <cd>a force pump for supplying water to a steam boiler, etc.</cd> — <col><b>Feed regulator</b></col>, <cd>a device for graduating the operation of a feeder.</cd> <i>Knight.</i> — <col><b>Feed screw</b></col>, <cd>in lathes, a long screw employed to impart a regular motion to a tool rest or tool, or to the work.</cd> — <col><b>Feed water</b></col>, <cd>water supplied to a steam boiler, etc.</cd> — <col><b>Feed wheel</b></col> <i>(Mach.)</i>, <cd>a kind of feeder. See <u>Feeder</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, 8.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Feed"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who, or that which, gives food or supplies nourishment; steward.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A couple of friends, his chaplain and <i>feeder</i>.</blockquote> <i>Goldsmith.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>One who furnishes incentives; an encourager.</def> "The <i>feeder</i> of my riots." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>One who eats or feeds; specifically, an animal to be fed or fattened.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>With eager feeding, food doth choke the <i>feeder</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>One who fattens cattle for slaughter.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>A stream that flows into another body of water; a tributary; specifically <i>(Hydraulic Engin.)</i>, a water course which supplies a canal or reservoir by gravitation or natural flow.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>A branch railroad, stage line, or the like; a side line which increases the business of the main line.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <i>(Mining)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A small lateral lode falling into the main lode or mineral vein.</def> <i>Ure.</i> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A strong discharge of gas from a fissure; a blower.</def> <i>Raymond.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>8.</b></sn> <i>(Mach.)</i> <def>An auxiliary part of a machine which supplies or leads along the material operated upon.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>9.</b></sn> <i>(Steam Engine)</i> <def>A device for supplying steam boilers with water as needed.</def></p>

<p><hw>Feed"ing</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>the act of eating, or of supplying with food; the process of fattening.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>That which is eaten; food.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>That which furnishes or affords food, especially for animals; pasture land.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Feeding bottle</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Bottle</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fee`-faw`-fum"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A nonsensical exclamation attributed to giants and ogres; hence, any expression calculated to impose upon the timid and ignorant.</def> "Impudent <i>fee-faw-fums</i>." <i>J. H. Newman.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fee"jee</hw> (?), <pos><i>a. & n.</i></pos> <i>(Ethnol.)</i> <def>See <u>Fijian</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Feel</hw> (f&emacr;l), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Felt</u> (f&ebreve;lt); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Feeling</u>.] [AS. <i>f&emacr;lan</i>; akin to OS. <i>gif&omacr;lian</i> to perceive, D. <i>voelen</i> to feel, OHG. <i>fuolen</i>, G. <i>f&uuml;hlen</i>, Icel. <i>f&amacr;lma</i> to grope, and prob. to AS. <i>folm</i> palm of the hand, L. <i>palma</i>. Cf. <u>Fumble</u>, <u>Palm</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To perceive by the touch; to take cognizance of by means of the nerves of sensation distributed all over the body, especially by those of the skin; to have sensation excited by contact of (a thing) with the body or limbs.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Who <i>feel</i><BR> Those rods of scorpions and those whips of steel.</blockquote> <i>Creecn.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To touch; to handle; to examine by touching; as, <i>feel</i> this piece of silk;</def> hence, <def>to make trial of; to test; often with <i>out</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Come near, . . . that I may <i>feel</i> thee, my son.</blockquote> <i>Gen. xxvii. 21.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>He hath this to <i>feel</i> my affection to your honor.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To perceive by the mind; to have a sense of; to experience; to be affected by; to be sensible of, or sensitive to; as, to <i>feel</i> pleasure; to <i>feel</i> pain.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Teach me to <i>feel</i> another's woe.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Whoso keepeth the commandment shall <i>feel</i> no evil thing.</blockquote> <i>Eccl. viii. 5.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>He best can paint them who shall <i>feel</i> them most.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Mankind have <i>felt</i> their strength and made it <i>felt</i>.</blockquote> <i>Byron.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To take internal cognizance of; to be conscious of; to have an inward persuasion of.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>For then, and not till then, he <i>felt</i> himself.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>To perceive; to observe.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><col><b>To feel the helm</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>to obey it.</cd></p>

<p><! p. 550 !></p>

<p><hw>Feel</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To have perception by the touch, or by contact of anything with the nerves of sensation, especially those upon the surface of the body.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To have the sensibilities moved or affected.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>[She] <i>feels</i> with the dignity of a Roman matron</blockquote>. <i>Burke.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>And mine as man, who <i>feel</i> for all mankind.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To be conscious of an inward impression, state of mind, persuasion, physical condition, etc.; to perceive one's self to be; — followed by an adjective describing the state, etc.; as, to <i>feel</i> assured, grieved, persuaded.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I then did <i>feel</i> full sick.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To know with feeling; to be conscious; hence, to know certainly or without misgiving.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Garlands . . . which I <i>feel</i><BR> I am not worthy yet to wear.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>To appear to the touch; to give a perception; to produce an impression by the nerves of sensation; — followed by an adjective describing the kind of sensation.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Blind men say black <i>feels</i> rough, and white <i>feels</i> smooth.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><col><b>To feel after</b></col>, <cd>to search for; to seek to find; to seek as a person groping in the dark.</cd> "If haply they might <i>feel after</i> him, and find him." <i>Acts xvii. 27.</i></p>

<p> — <col><b>To feel of</b></col>, <cd>to examine by touching.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Feel</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Feeling; perception.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>To intercept and have a more kindly <i>feel</i> of its genial warmth.</blockquote> <i>Hazlitt.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A sensation communicated by touching; impression made upon one who touches or handles; as, this leather has a greasy <i>feel</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The difference between these two tumors will be distinguished by the <i>feel</i>.</blockquote> <i>S. Sharp.</i></p>

<p><hw>Feel"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who, or that which, feels.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of the sense organs or certain animals (as insects), which are used in testing objects by touch and in searching for food; an antenna; a palp.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Insects . . . perpetually feeling and searching before them with their <i>feelers</i> or antenn&aelig;.</blockquote> <i>Derham.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Anything, as a proposal, observation, etc., put forth or thrown out in order to ascertain the views of others; something tentative.</def></p>

<p><hw>Feel"ing</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Possessing great sensibility; easily affected or moved; as, a <i>feeling</i> heart.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Expressive of great sensibility; attended by, or evincing, sensibility; as, he made a <i>feeling</i> representation of his wrongs.</def></p>

<p><hw>Feel"ing</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The sense by which the mind, through certain nerves of the body, perceives external objects, or certain states of the body itself; that one of the five senses which resides in the general nerves of sensation distributed over the body, especially in its surface; the sense of touch; nervous sensibility to external objects.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Why was the sight<BR> To such a tender ball as the eye confined, . . . <BR> And not, as <i>feeling</i>, through all parts diffused?</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>An act or state of perception by the sense above described; an act of apprehending any object whatever; an act or state of apprehending the state of the soul itself; consciousness.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The apprehension of the good<BR> Gives but the greater feeling to the worse.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>The capacity of the soul for emotional states; a high degree of susceptibility to emotions or states of the sensibility not dependent on the body; as, a man of <i>feeling</i>; a man destitute of <i>feeling</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Any state or condition of emotion; the exercise of the capacity for emotion; any mental state whatever; as, a right or a wrong <i>feeling</i> in the heart; our angry or kindly <i>feelings</i>; a <i>feeling</i> of pride or of humility.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A fellow <i>feeling</i> makes one wondrous kind.</blockquote> <i>Garrick.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Tenderness for the <i>feelings</i> of others.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>That quality of a work of art which embodies the mental emotion of the artist, and is calculated to affect similarly the spectator.</def> <i>Fairholt.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Sensation; emotion; passion; sentiment; agitation; opinion. See <u>Emotion</u>, <u>Passion</u>, <u>Sentiment</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Feel"ing*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a feeling manner; pathetically; sympathetically.</def></p>

<p><hw>Feere</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Fere</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <def>A consort, husband or wife; a companion; a fere.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Feese</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. OE. <i>fesien</i> to put to flight, AS. <i>f&emacr;sian</i>, <i>f&ymacr;sian</i>, <i>f&ymacr;san</i>, fr. <i>f&umacr;s</i>, prompt, willing.] <def>The short run before a leap.</def> [Obs.] <i>Nares.</i></p>

<p><hw>Feet</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Foot</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Feet</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Feat</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <def>Fact; performance.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Feet"less</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Destitute of feet; as, <i>feetless</i> birds.</def></p>

<p><hw>Feeze</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [For sense 1, cf. F. <i>visser</i> to screw, <i>vis</i> screw, or 1st E. <i>feaze</i>, v.t.: for sense 2, see <u>Feese</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To turn, as a screw.</def> [Scot] <i>Jamieson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To beat; to chastise; to humble; to worry.</def> [Obs.] [Written also <i>feaze</i>, <i>feize</i>, <i>pheese</i>.] <i>Beau. & Fl.</i></p>

<p><col><b>To feeze up</b></col>, <cd>to work into a passion.</cd> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Feeze</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Fretful excitement. [Obs.] See <u>Feaze</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Feh"ling</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>See <i>Fehling's solution</i>, under <u>Solution</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Feh"mic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Vehmic</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Feign</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Feigned</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Feigning</u>.] [OE. <i>feinen</i>, F. <i>feindre</i> (p. pr. <i>feignant</i>), fr. L. <i>fingere</i>; akin to L. <i>figura</i> figure,and E. <i>dough</i>. See <u>Dough</u>, and cf. <u>Figure</u>, <u>Faint</u>, <u>Effigy</u>, <u>Fiction</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To give a mental existence to, as to something not real or actual; to imagine; to invent; hence, to pretend; to form and relate as if true.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>There are no such things done as thou sayest, but thou <i>feignest</i> them out of thine own heart.</blockquote> <i>Neh. vi. 8.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The poet<BR> Did <i>feign</i> that Orpheus drew trees, stones, and floods.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To represent by a false appearance of; to pretend; to counterfeit; as, to <i>feign</i> a sickness.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To dissemble; to conceal.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Feigned</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Not real or genuine; pretended; counterfeit; insincere; false.</def> "A <i>feigned</i> friend." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Give ear unto my prayer, that goeth not out of <i>feigned</i> lips.</blockquote> <i>Ps. xvii. 1.</i></p>

<p>— <wf>Feign"ed*ly</wf> (#), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Feign"ed*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><blockquote>Her treacherous sister Judah hath not turned unto me with her whole heart, but <i>feignedly</i>.</blockquote> <i>Jer. iii. 10.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Feigned issue</b></col> <i>(Law)</i>, <cd>an issue produced in a pretended action between two parties for the purpose of trying before a jury a question of fact which it becomes necessary to settle in the progress of a cause.</cd> <i>Burill.</i> <i>Bouvier.</i></p>

<p><hw>Feign"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who feigns or pretends.</def></p>

<p><hw>Feign"ing</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>That feigns; insincere; not genuine; false.</def></p>

<p>— <wf>Feign"ing*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Feine</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t. & i.</i></pos> <def>To feign.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Feint</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [F. <i>feint</i>, p. p. of <i>feindre</i> to feign. See <u>Feign</u>.] <def>Feigned; counterfeit.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Dressed up into any <i>feint</i> appearance of it.</blockquote> <i>Locke.</i></p>

<p><hw>Feint</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>feinte</i>, fr. <i>feint</i>. See <u>Feint</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>That which is feigned; an assumed or false appearance; a pretense; a stratagem; a fetch.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Courtley's letter is but a <i>feint</i> to get off.</blockquote> <i>Spectator.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A mock blow or attack on one part when another part is intended to be struck; — said of certain movements in fencing, boxing, war, etc.</def></p>

<p><hw>Feint</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To make a feint, or mock attack.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Fei`tsui"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Min.)</i> <def>The Chinese name for a highly prized variety of pale green jade. See <u>Jade</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Feize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Feeze</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos></def></p>

<p><hw>Fel"an*ders</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Filanders</u>.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Feld"spar`</hw> (?), <hw>Feld"spath`</hw> (?) }, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [G. <i>feldspath</i>; <i>feld</i> field + <i>spath</i> spar.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>A name given to a group of minerals, closely related in crystalline form, and all silicates of alumina with either potash, soda, lime, or, in one case, baryta. They occur in crystals and crystalline masses, vitreous in luster, and breaking rather easily in two directions at right angles to each other, or nearly so. The colors are usually white or nearly white, flesh-red, bluish, or greenish.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The group includes the monoclinic (<i>orthoclastic</i>) species <i>orthoclase</i> or common potash feldspar, and the rare <i>hyalophane</i> or baryta feldspar; also the triclinic species (called in general <i>plagioclase</i>) <i>microcline</i>, like orthoclase a potash feldspar; <i>anorthite</i> or lime feldspar; <i>albite</i> or soda feldspar; also intermediate between the last two species, <i>labradorite</i>, <i>andesine</i>, <i>oligoclase</i>, containing both lime and soda in varying amounts. The feldspars are essential constituents of nearly all crystalline rocks, as granite, gneiss, mica, slate, most kinds of basalt and trachyte, etc. The decomposition of feldspar has yielded a large part of the clay of the soil, also the mineral kaolin, an essential material in the making of fine pottery. Common feldspar is itself largely used for the same purpose.</p>

<p>{ <hw>Feld*spath"ic</hw> (?), <hw>Feld*spath"ose</hw> (?) }, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pertaining to, or consisting of, feldspar.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fele</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [AS. <i>fela</i>, <i>feola</i>; akin to G. <i>viel</i>, gr. &?;. See <u>Full</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <def>Many.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fe*lic"ify</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [L. <i>felix</i> happy + <i>-fy</i>.] <def>To make happy; to felicitate.</def> [Obs.] <i>Quarles.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fe*lic"i*tate</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>felicitatus</i>, p. p. of <i>felicitare</i> to felicitate, fr. <i>felix</i>, <i>-icis</i>, happy. See <u>felicity</u>.] <def>Made very happy.</def> [Archaic]</p>

<p><blockquote>I am alone <i>felicitate</i><BR> In your dear highness' love.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fe*lic"i*tate</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Felicitated</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>felicitating</u>.] [Cf. F. <i>f&eacute;liciter</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To make very happy; to delight.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>What a glorious entertainment and pleasure would fill and <i>felicitate</i> his spirit.</blockquote> <i>I. Watts.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To express joy or pleasure to; to wish felicity to; to call or consider (one's self) happy; to congratulate.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Every true heart must <i>felicitate</i> itself that its lot is cast in this kingdom.</blockquote> <i>W. Howitt.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — See <u>Congratulate</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Fe*lic`i*ta"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>f&eacute;licitation</i>.] <def>The act of felicitating; a wishing of joy or happiness; congratulation.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fe*lic"i*tous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Characterized by felicity; happy; prosperous; delightful; skillful; successful; happily applied or expressed; appropriate.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Felicitous</i> words and images.</blockquote> <i>M. Arnold.</i></p>

<p>— <wf>Fe*lic"i*tous*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Fe*lic"i*tous*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Fe*lic"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Felicities</b></plw> (#). [OE. <i>felicite</i>, F. <i>f&eacute;licit&eacute;</i>, fr. L. <i>felicitas</i>, fr. <i>felix</i>, <i>-icis</i>, happy, fruitful; akin to <i>fetus</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The state of being happy; blessedness; blissfulness; enjoyment of good.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Our own <i>felicity</i> we make or find.</blockquote> <i>Johnson.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Finally, after this life, to attain everlasting joy and <i>felicity</i>.</blockquote> <i>Book of Common Prayer.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>That which promotes happiness; a successful or gratifying event; prosperity; blessing.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>the <i>felicities</i> of her wonderful reign.</blockquote> <i>Atterbury.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A pleasing faculty or accomplishment; as, <i>felicity</i> in painting portraits, or in writing or talking.</def> "<i>Felicity</i> of expression." <i>Bp. Warburton.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Happiness; bliss; beatitude; blessedness; blissfulness. See <u>Happiness</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Fe"line</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>felinus</i>, fr. <i>feles</i>, <i>felis</i>, cat, prob. orig., the fruitful: cf. F. <i>f&eacute;lin</i>. See <u>Fetus</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Catlike; of or pertaining to the genus Felis, or family <i>Felid&aelig;</i>; as, the <i>feline</i> race; <i>feline</i> voracity.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Characteristic of cats; sly; stealthy; treacherous; as, a <i>feline</i> nature; <i>feline</i> manners.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Fe"lis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., cat.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A genus of carnivorous mammals, including the domestic cat, the lion, tiger, panther, and similar animals.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fell</hw> (?), <def><pos><i>imp.</i></pos> of <u>Fall</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fell</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [OE. <i>fel</i>, OF. <i>fel</i> cruel, fierce, perfidious; cf. AS. <i>fel</i> (only in comp.) OF. <i>fel</i>, as a noun also accus. <i>felon</i>, is fr. LL. <i>felo</i>, of unknown origin; cf. Arm <i>fall</i> evil, Ir. <i>feal</i>, Arm. <i>falloni</i> treachery, Ir. & Gael. <i>feall</i> to betray; or cf. OHG. <i>fillan</i> to flay, torment, akin to E. <i>fell</i> skin. Cf. <u>Felon</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Cruel; barbarous; inhuman; fierce; savage; ravenous.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>While we devise <i>fell</i> tortures for thy faults.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Eager; earnest; intent.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>I am so <i>fell</i> to my business.</blockquote> <i>Pepys.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fell</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. L. <i>fel</i> gall, bile, or E. <i>fell</i>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <def>Gall; anger; melancholy.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Untroubled of vile fear or bitter <i>fell</i>.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fell</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>fell</i>; akin to D. <i>vel</i>, OHG. <i>fel</i>, G. <i>fell</i>, Icel. <i>fell</i> (in comp.), Goth <i>fill</i> in &thorn;ruts<i>fill</i> leprosy, L. <i>pellis</i> skin, G. &?;. Cf. <u>Film</u>, <u>Peel</u>, <u>Pell</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <def>A skin or hide of a beast with the wool or hair on; a pelt; — used chiefly in composition, as wool<i>fell</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>We are still handling our ewes, and their <i>fells</i>, you know, are greasy.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fell</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Icel. <i>fell</i>, <i>fjally</i>; akin to Sw. <i>fj&auml;ll</i> a ridge or chain of mountains, Dan. <i>fjeld</i> mountain, rock and prob. to G. <i>fels</i> rock, or perh. to <i>feld</i> field, E. <i>field</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A barren or rocky hill.</def> <i>T. Gray.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A wild field; a moor.</def> <i>Dryton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fell</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Felled</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Felling</u>.] [AS. <i>fellan</i>, a causative verb fr. <i>feallan</i> to fall; akin to D. <i>vellen</i>, G. <i>f&auml;llen</i>, Icel. <i>fella</i>, Sw. <i>f&auml;lla</i>, Dan. <i>f&aelig;lde</i>. See <u>Fall</u>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos>] <def>To cause to fall; to prostrate; to bring down or to the ground; to cut down.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Stand, or I'll <i>fell</i> thee down.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fell</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Mining)</i> <def>The finer portions of ore which go through the meshes, when the ore is sorted by sifting.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fell</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [Cf. Gael. <i>fill</i> to fold, plait, Sw. <i>f&aring;ll</i> a hem.] <def>To sew or hem; — said of seams.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fell</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Sewing)</i> <def>A form of seam joining two pieces of cloth, the edges being folded together and the stitches taken through both thicknesses.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Weaving)</i> <def>The end of a web, formed by the last thread of the weft.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fell"a*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Fit to be felled.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Fel"lah</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> Ar. <plw><b>Fellahin</b></plw> (#), E. <plw><b>Fellahs</b></plw> (#). [Ar.] <def>A peasant or cultivator of the soil among the Egyptians, Syrians, etc.</def> <i>W. M. Thomson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fell"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who, or that which, fells, knocks or cuts down; a machine for felling trees.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fell"er</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>An appliance to a sewing machine for felling a seam.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fell"fare`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. AS. <i>fealafor</i>, and E. <i>fieldfare</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The fieldfare.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fel*lif"lu*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>fellifuus</i>; <i>fel</i> gall + <i>fluere</i> to flow.] <def>Flowing with gall.</def> [R.] <i>Johnson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fel*lin"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>fel</i>, <i>fellis</i>, gall.] <def>Of, relating to, or derived from, bile or gall; as, <i>fellinic</i> acid.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fell"mon`ger</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A dealer in fells or sheepskins, who separates the wool from the pelts.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fell"ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Fell</u> cruel.] <def>The quality or state of being fell or cruel; fierce barbarity.</def> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fel"loe</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Felly</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fel"lon</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Variant of <u>Felon</u>.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Those two were foes the <i>fellonest</i> on ground.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fel"low</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>felawe</i>, <i>felaghe</i>, Icel. <i>f&emacr;lagi</i>, fr. <i>f&emacr;lag</i> companionship, prop., a laying together of property; <i>f&emacr;</i> property + <i>lag</i> a laying, pl. <i>l&ouml;g</i> law, akin to <i>liggja</i> to lie. See <u>Fee</u>, and <u>Law</u>, <u>Lie</u> to be low.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A companion; a comrade; an associate; a partner; a sharer.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>fellows</i> of his crime.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>We are <i>fellows</i> still,<BR> Serving alike in sorrow.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>That enormous engine was flanked by two <i>fellows</i> almost of equal magnitude.</blockquote> <i>Gibbon.</i></p>

<p>&fist; Commonly used of men, but sometimes of women. <i>Judges xi. 37.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A man without good breeding or worth; an ignoble or mean man.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Worth makes the man, and want of it, the <i>fellow</i>.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>An equal in power, rank, character, etc.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>It is impossible that ever Rome<BR> Should breed thy <i>fellow</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>One of a pair, or of two things used together or suited to each other; a mate; the male.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>When they be but heifers of one year, . . . they are let go to the <i>fellow</i> and breed.</blockquote> <i>Holland.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>This was my glove; here is the <i>fellow</i> of it.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>A person; an individual.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>She seemed to be a good sort of <i>fellow</i>.</blockquote> <i>Dickens.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>In the English universities, a scholar who is appointed to a foundation called a <i>fellowship</i>, which gives a title to certain perquisites and privileges.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <def>In an American college or university, a member of the corporation which manages its business interests; also, a graduate appointed to a fellowship, who receives the income of the foundation.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>8.</b></sn> <def>A member of a literary or scientific society; as, a <i>Fellow</i> of the Royal Society.</def></p>

<p>&fist; <i>Fellow</i> is often used in compound words, or adjectively, signifying <i>associate</i>, <i>companion</i>, or sometimes <i>equal</i>. Usually, such compounds or phrases are self- explanatory; as, <i>fellow</i>-citizen, or <i>fellow</i> citizen; <i>fellow</i>-student, or <i>fellow</i> student; <i>fellow</i>- workman, or <i>fellow</i> workman; <i>fellow</i>-mortal, or <i>fellow</i> mortal; <i>fellow</i>-sufferer; bed<i>fellow</i>; play<i>fellow</i>; work<i>fellow</i>.</p>

<p><blockquote>Were the great duke himself here, and would lift up<BR> My head to <i>fellow</i> pomp amongst his nobles.</blockquote> <i>Ford.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fel"low</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To suit with; to pair with; to match.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fel"low-com"mon*er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A student at Cambridge University, England, who <i>commons</i>, or dines, at the Fellow's table.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fel"low-crea"ture</hw> (?; 135), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One of the same race or kind; one made by the same Creator.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Reason, by which we are raised above our <i>fellow- creatures</i>, the brutes.</blockquote> <i>I. Watts.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fel"low*feel"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To share through sympathy; to participate in.</def> [R.] <i>D. Rodgers.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fel"low-feel"ing</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Sympathy; a like feeling.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Joint interest.</def> [Obs.] <i>Arbuthnot.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fel"low*less</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Without fellow or equal; peerless.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Whose well-built walls are rare and <i>fellowless</i>.</blockquote> <i>Chapman.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fel"low*like`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Like a companion; companionable; on equal terms; sympathetic.</def> [Obs.] <i>Udall.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fel"low*ly</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Fellowlike.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fel"low*ship</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Fellow + -ship.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The state or relation of being or associate.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Companionship of persons on equal and friendly terms; frequent and familiar intercourse.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>In a great town, friends are scattered, so that there is not that <i>fellowship</i> which is in less neighborhods.</blockquote> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Men are made for society and mutual <i>fellowship</i>.</blockquote> <i>Calamy.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A state of being together; companionship; partnership; association; hence, confederation; joint interest.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The great contention of the sea and skies<BR> Parted our <i>fellowship</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Fellowship</i> in pain divides not smart</blockquote>. <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Fellowship</i> in woe doth woe assuage</blockquote>. <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The goodliest <i>fellowship</i> of famous knights,<BR> Whereof this world holds record.</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Those associated with one, as in a family, or a society; a company.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The sorrow of Noah with his <i>fellowship</i>.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>With that a joyous <i>fellowship</i> issued<BR> Of minstrels.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <i>(Eng. & Amer. Universities)</i> <def>A foundation for the maintenance, on certain conditions, of a scholar called a fellow, who usually resides at the university.</def> </p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <i>(Arith.)</i> <def>The rule for dividing profit and loss among partners; — called also partnership, company, and distributive proportion.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Good fellowship</b></col>, <cd>companionableness; the spirit and disposition befitting comrades.</cd></p>

<p><blockquote>There's neither honesty, manhood, nor good <i>fellowship</i> in thee.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><! p. 551 !></p>

<p><hw>Fel"low*ship</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Fellowshiped</u> (&?;); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos>. <u>Fellowshiping</u>.] <i>(Eccl.)</i> <def>To acknowledge as of good standing, or in communion according to standards of faith and practice; to admit to Christian fellowship.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fel"ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a fell or cruel manner; fiercely; barbarously; savagely.</def> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fel"ly</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Fellies</b></plw> (&?;). [OE. <i>feli</i>, <i>felwe</i>, <i>felow</i>, AS. <i>felg</i>, <i>felge</i>; akin to D. <i>velg</i>, G. <i>felge</i>, OHG. <i>felga</i> felly (also, a harrow, but prob. a different word), Dan. <i>felge</i>.] <def>The exterior wooden rim, or a segment of the rim, of a wheel, supported by the spokes.</def> [Written also <i>felloe</i>.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Break all the spokes and <i>fellies</i> from her wheel.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Fe"lo-de-se`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Felos-de-se</b></plw> (#). [LL. <i>felo</i>, E. <i>felon</i> + <i>de</i> of, concerning + <i>se</i> self.] <i>(Law)</i> <def>One who deliberately puts an end to his own existence, or loses his life while engaged in the commission of an unlawful or malicious act; a suicide.</def> <i>Burrill.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fel"on</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE., adj., cruel, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, villain, ruffian, traitor, whitlow, F. <i>f&eacute;lon</i> traitor, in OF. also, villain, fr. LL. <i>felo</i>. See Fell, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Law)</i> <def>A person who has committed a felony.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A person guilty or capable of heinous crime.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>A kind of whitlow; a painful imflammation of the periosteum of a finger, usually of the last joint.</def></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Criminal; convict; malefactor; culprit.</p>

<p><hw>Fel"on</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Characteristic of a felon; malignant; fierce; malicious; cruel; traitorous; disloyal.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Vain shows of love to vail his felon hate.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fe*lo"ni*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having the quality of felony; malignant; malicious; villainous; traitorous; perfidious; in a legal sense, done with intent to commit a crime; as, <i>felonious</i> homicide.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>O thievish Night,<BR> Why should'st thou, but for some <i>felonious</i> end,<BR> In thy dark lantern thus close up the stars?</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p>— <wf>Fe*lo"ni*ous*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Fe*lo"ni*ous*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Fel"o*nous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. OF. <i>feloneus</i>. Cf. <u>Felonious</u>.] <def>Wicked; felonious.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fel"on*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A body of felons; specifically, the convict population of a penal colony.</def> <i>Howitt.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fel"on*wort`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The bittersweet nightshade (<i>Solanum Dulcamara</i>). See <u>Bittersweet</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fel"o*ny</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Felonies</b></plw> (#). [OE. <i>felonie</i> cruelty, OF. <i>felonie</i>, F. <i>f&eacute;lonie</i> treachery, malice. See <u>Felon</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Feudal Law)</i> <def>An act on the part of the vassal which cost him his fee by forfeiture.</def> <i>Burrill.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(O. Eng. Law)</i> <def>An offense which occasions a total forfeiture either lands or goods, or both, at the common law, and to which capital or other punishment may be added, according to the degree of guilt.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A heinous crime; especially, a crime punishable by death or imprisonment.</def></p>

<p>&fist; Forfeiture for crime having been generally abolished in the United States, the term <i>felony</i>, in American law, has lost this point of distinction; and its meaning, where not fixed by statute, is somewhat vague and undefined; generally, however, it is used to denote an offense of a high grade, punishable either capitally or by a term of imprisonment. In Massachusetts, by statute, any crime punishable by death or imprisonment in the state prison, and no other, is a <i>felony</i>; so in New York. the tendency now is to obliterate the distinction between felonies and misdemeanors; and this has been done partially in England, and completely in some of the States of the Union. The distinction is purely arbitrary, and its entire abolition is only a question of time.</p>

<p>&fist; There is no lawyer who would undertake to tell what a <i>felony</i> is, otherwise than by enumerating the various kinds of offenses which are so called. originally, the word <i>felony</i> had a meaning: it denoted all offenses the penalty of which included forfeiture of goods; but subsequent acts of Parliament have declared various offenses to be felonies, without enjoining that penalty, and have taken away the penalty from others, which continue, nevertheless, to be called <i>felonies</i>, insomuch that the acts so called have now no property whatever in common, save that of being unlawful and purnishable. <i>J. S. Mill.</i></p>

<p><col>To compound a felony</col>. <cd>See under <u>Compound</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos></cd></p>

<p><hw>Fel"site</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. <u>Feldspar</u>.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>A finegrained rock, flintlike in fracture, consisting essentially of orthoclase feldspar with occasional grains of quartz.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fel*sit"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>relating to, composed of, or containing, felsite.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Fel"spar`</hw> (?), <hw>Fel"spath`</hw> (?) }, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Min.)</i> <def>See <u>Feldspar</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fel*spath"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Feldspathic</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fel"stone`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From G. <i>feldstein</i>, in analogy with E. <i>fel</i>spar.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>See <u>Felsite</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Felt</hw> (?), <def><pos><i>imp. & p. p. or a.</i></pos> from <u>Feel</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Felt</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>felt</i>; akin to D. <i>vilt</i>, G. <i>filz</i>, and possibly to Gr. &?; hair or wool wrought into felt, L. <i>pilus</i> hair, <i>pileus</i> a felt cap or hat.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A cloth or stuff made of matted fibers of wool, or wool and fur, fulled or wrought into a compact substance by rolling and pressure, with lees or size, without spinning or weaving.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>It were a delicate stratagem to shoe<BR> A troop of horse with felt.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A hat made of felt.</def> <i>Thynne.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A skin or hide; a fell; a pelt.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>To know whether sheep are sound or not, see that the <i>felt</i> be loose.</blockquote> <i>Mortimer.</i></p>

<p><col>Felt grain</col>, <cd>the grain of timber which is transverse to the annular rings or plates; the direction of the medullary rays in oak and some other timber.</cd> <i>Knight.</i></p>

<p><hw>Felt</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Felted</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Felting</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To make into felt, or a feltike substance; to cause to adhere and mat together.</def> <i>Sir M. Hale.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To cover with, or as with, felt; as, to <i>felt</i> the cylinder of a steam engine.</def></p>

<p><hw>Felt"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To clot or mat together like felt.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>His <i>feltered</i> locks that on his bosom fell.</blockquote> <i>Fairfax.</i></p>

<p><hw>Felt"ing</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The material of which felt is made; also, felted cloth; also, the process by which it is made.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The act of splitting timber by the felt grain.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fel"try</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>feltre</i>.] <def>See <u>Felt</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Fe*luc"ca</hw> (&?;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [It. <i>feluca</i> (cf. Sp. <i>faluca</i>, Pg. <i>falua</i>), fr. Ar. <i>fulk</i> ship, or <i>harr&amacr;qah</i> a sort of ship.] <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>A small, swift-sailing vessel, propelled by oars and lateen sails, — once common in the Mediterranean.</def> Sometimes it is constructed so that the helm may be used at either end.</p>

<p><hw>Fel"wort`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Probably a corruption of <i>fieldwort</i>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A European herb (<i>Swertia perennis</i>) of the Gentian family.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fe"male</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>femel</i>, <i>femal</i>, F. <i>femelle</i>, fr. L. <i>femella</i>, dim. of <i>femina</i> woman. See <u>Feminine</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>An individual of the sex which conceives and brings forth young, or (in a wider sense) which has an ovary and produces ova.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The male and <i>female</i> of each living thing.</blockquote> <i>Drayton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A plant which produces only that kind of reproductive organs which are capable of developing into fruit after impregnation or fertilization; a pistillate plant.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fe"male</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Belonging to the sex which conceives and gives birth to young, or (in a wider sense) which produces ova; not male.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>As patient as the <i>female</i> dove<BR> When that her golden couplets are disclosed.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Belonging to an individual of the female sex; characteristic of woman; feminine; as, <i>female</i> tenderness.</def> "<i>Female</i> usurpation.'b8 <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>To the generous decision of a <i>female</i> mind, we owe the discovery of America.</blockquote> <i>Belknap.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Having pistils and no stamens; pistillate; or, in cryptogamous plants, capable of receiving fertilization.</def></p>

<p><col>Female rhymes</col> <i>(Pros.)</i>, <cd>double rhymes, or rhymes (called in French <i>feminine</i> rhymes because they end in <i>e</i> weak, or <i>feminine</i>) in which two syllables, an accented and an unaccented one, correspond at the end of each line.</cd></p>

<p>&fist; A rhyme, in which the final syllables only agree (<i>strain</i>, <i>complain</i>) is called a male rhyme; one in which the two final syllables of each verse agree, the last being short (<i>motion</i>, <i>ocean</i>), is called <i>female</i>. <i>Brande & C.</i></p>

<p>— <col>Female screw</col>, <cd>the spiral-threaded cavity into which another, or male, screw turns.</cd> <i>Nicholson.</i> — <col>Female fern</col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>a common species of fern with large decompound fronds (<i>Asplenium Filixf&aelig;mina</i>), growing in many countries; lady fern.</cd></p>

<p>&fist; The names <i>male fern</i> and <i>female fern</i> were anciently given to two common ferns; but it is now understood that neither has any sexual character.</p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — <u>Female</u>, <u>Feminine</u>. We apply <i>female</i> to the sex or individual, as opposed to <i>male</i>; also, to the distinctive belongings of women; as, <i>female</i> dress, <i>female</i> form, <i>female</i> character, etc.; <i>feminine</i>, to things appropriate to, or affected by, women; as, <i>feminine</i> studies, employments, accomplishments, etc. "<i>Female</i> applies to sex rather than gender, and is a physiological rather than a grammatical term. <i>Feminine</i> applies to gender rather than sex, and is grammatical rather than physiological." <i>Latham.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fe"mal*ist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A gallant.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Courting her smoothly like a <i>femalist</i>.</blockquote> <i>Marston.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fe"mal*ize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To make, or to describe as, female or feminine.</def> <i>Shaftesbury.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Feme</hw> (f&ebreve;m <i>or</i> f&abreve;m), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>feme</i>, F. <i>femme</i>.] <i>(Old Law)</i> <def>A woman.</def> <i>Burrill.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Feme covert</b></col> <i>(Law)</i>, <cd>a married woman. See <u>Covert</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>, 3.</cd> — <col><b>Feme sole</b></col> <i>(Law)</i>, <cd>a single or unmarried woman; a woman who has never been married, or who has been divorced, or whose husband is dead.</cd> — <col><b>Feme sole</b></col> <col><b>trader or merchant</b></col> <i>(Eng. Law)</i>, <cd>a married woman, who, by the custom of London, engages in business on her own account, inpendently of her husband.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fem"er*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>See <u>Femerell</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fem"er*ell</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>fumeraille</i> part of a chimney. See <u>Fume</u>.] <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>A lantern, or louver covering, placed on a roof, for ventilation or escape of smoke.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fem"i*nal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Feminine.</def> [Obs.] <i>West.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fem`i*nal"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Feminity.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fem"i*nate</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>feminatus</i> effeminate.] <def>Feminine.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Fem`i*ne"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>femineus</i> womanly.] <def>Womanliness; femininity.</def> <i>C. Reade.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fem"i*nine</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>femininus</i>, fr. <i>femina</i> woman; prob. akin to L. <i>fetus</i>, or to Gr. <grk>qh^sqai</grk> to suck, <grk>qh^sai</grk> to suckle, Skr. <i>dh&amacr;</i> to suck; cf. AS. <i>f&aemacr;mme</i> woman, maid: cf. F. <i>f&eacute;minin</i>. See <u>Fetus</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Of or pertaining to a woman, or to women; characteristic of a woman; womanish; womanly.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Her letters are remarkably deficient in <i>feminine</i> ease and grace.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Having the qualities of a woman; becoming or appropriate to the female sex; as, in a good sense, modest, graceful, affectionate, confiding; or, in a bad sense, weak, nerveless, timid, pleasure-loving, effeminate.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Her heavenly form<BR> Angelic, but more soft and <i>feminine</i>.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Ninus being esteemed no man of war at all, but altogether <i>feminine</i>, and subject to ease and delicacy.</blockquote> <i>Sir W. Raleigh.</i></p>

<p><col>Feminine rhyme</col>. <i>(Pros.)</i> <cd>See <i>Female rhyme</i>, under <u>Female</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos></cd></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — See <u>Female</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Fem"i*nine</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A woman.</def> [Obs. or Colloq.]</p>

<p><blockquote>They guide the <i>feminines</i> toward the palace.</blockquote> <i>Hakluyt.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Gram.)</i> <def>Any one of those words which are the appellations of females, or which have the terminations usually found in such words; as, <i>actress</i>, <i>songstress</i>, <i>abbess</i>, <i>executrix</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>There are but few true <i>feminines</i> in English.</blockquote> <i>Latham.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fem"i*nine*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a feminine manner.</def> <i>Byron.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fem"i*nine*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality of being feminine; womanliness; womanishness.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fem`i*nin"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The quality or nature of the female sex; womanliness.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The female form.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>O serpent under <i>femininitee</i>.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fe*min"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Womanliness; femininity.</def> [Obs.] "Trained up in true <i>feminity</i>." <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fem`i*ni*za"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The act of feminizing, or the state of being feminized.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fem"i*nize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>f&eacute;miniser</i>.] <def>To make womanish or effeminate.</def> <i>Dr. H. More.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fem"i*nye</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>femenie</i>, <i>feminie</i>, the female sex, realm of women.] <def>The people called Amazons.</def> [Obs.] "[The reign of] <i>feminye</i>." <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Femme</hw> (? or ?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F.] <def>A woman. See <u>Feme</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></def></p>

<p><col><b>Femme de chambre</b></col> (?). [F.] <cd>A lady's maid; a chambermaid.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fem"o*ral</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>femur</i>, <i>femoris</i>, thigh: cf. F. <i>f&eacute;moral</i>.] <def>Pertaining to the femur or thigh; as, the <i>femoral</i> artery.</def> "<i>Femoral</i> habiliments." <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Fe"mur</hw> (f&emacr;"m&ubreve;r), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Femora</b></plw> (f&ebreve;m"&osl;*r&adot;). [L. thigh.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The thigh bone.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The proximal segment of the hind limb containing the thigh bone; the thigh. See <u>Coxa</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fen</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>fen</i>, <i>fenn</i>, marsh, mud, dirt; akin to D. <i>veen</i>, OFries. <i>fenne</i>, <i>fene</i>, OHG. <i>fenna</i>, G. <i>fenn</i>, Icel. <i>fen</i>, Goth. <i>fani</i> mud.] <def>Low land overflowed, or covered wholly or partially with water, but producing sedge, coarse grasses, or other aquatic plants; boggy land; moor; marsh.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>'Mid reedy <i>fens</i> wide spread.</blockquote> <i>Wordsworth.</i></p>

<p>&fist; <i>Fen</i> is used adjectively with the sense of <i>belonging to</i>, or <i>of the nature of</i>, <i>a fen</i> or <i>fens</i>.</p>

<p><col><b>Fen boat</b></col>, <cd>a boat of light draught used in marshes.</cd> — <col><b>Fen duck</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a wild duck inhabiting fens; the shoveler.</cd> [Prov. Eng.] — <col><b>Fen fowl</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>any water fowl that frequent fens.</cd> — <col><b>Fen goose</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the graylag goose of Europe.</cd> [Prov. Eng.] — <col><b>Fen land</b></col>, <cd>swamp land.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fence</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Abbrev. from defence.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>That which fends off attack or danger; a defense; a protection; a cover; security; shield.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Let us be backed with God and with the seas,<BR> Which he hath given for <i>fence</i> impregnable.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>A <i>fence</i> betwixt us and the victor's wrath.</blockquote> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>An inclosure about a field or other space, or about any object; especially, an inclosing structure of wood, iron, or other material, intended to prevent intrusion from without or straying from within.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Leaps o'er the <i>fence</i> with ease into the fold.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p>&fist; In England a hedge, ditch, or wall, as well as a structure of boards, palings, or rails, is called a <i>fence</i>.</p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Locks)</i> <def>A projection on the bolt, which passes through the tumbler gates in locking and unlocking.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Self-defense by the use of the sword; the art and practice of fencing and sword play; hence, skill in debate and repartee. See <u>Fencing</u>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Enjoy your dear wit, and gay rhetoric,<BR> That hath so well been taught her dazzing <i>fence</i>.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Of dauntless courage and consummate skill in <i>fence</i>.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>A receiver of stolen goods, or a place where they are received.</def> [Slang] <i>Mayhew.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Fence month</b></col> <i>(Forest Law)</i>, <cd>the month in which female deer are fawning, when hunting is prohibited.</cd> <i>Bullokar.</i> — <col><b>Fence roof</b></col>, <cd>a covering for defense.</cd> "They fitted their shields close to one another in manner of a fence roof." <i>Holland.</i> — <col><b>Fence time</b></col>, <cd>the breeding time of fish or game, when they should not be killed.</cd> — <col><b>Rail fence</b></col>, <cd>a fence made of rails, sometimes supported by posts.</cd> — <col><b>Ring fence</b></col>, <cd>a fence which encircles a large area, or a whole estate, within one inclosure.</cd> — <col><b>Worm fence</b></col>, <cd>a zigzag fence composed of rails crossing one another at their ends; — called also <i>snake fence</i>, or <i>Virginia rail fence</i>.</cd> — <col><b>To be on the fence</b></col>, <cd>to be undecided or uncommitted in respect to two opposing parties or policies.</cd> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><! p. 552 !></p>

<p><hw>Fence</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p. Fenced (&?;); p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Fencing</u> (?).] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To fend off danger from; to give security to; to protect; to guard.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>To <i>fence</i> my ear against thy sorceries.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To inclose with a fence or other protection; to secure by an inclosure.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>O thou wall! . . . dive in the earth,<BR> And <i>fence</i> not Athens.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>A sheepcote <i>fenced</i> about with olive trees.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><col><b>To fence the tables</b></col> <i>(Scot. Church)</i>, <cd>to make a solemn address to those who present themselves to commune at the Lord's supper, on the feelings appropriate to the service, in order to hinder, so far as possible, those who are unworthy from approaching the table.</cd> <i>McCheyne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fence</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To make a defense; to guard one's self of anything, as against an attack; to give protection or security, as by a fence.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Vice is the more stubborn as well as the more dangerous evil, and therefore, in the first place, to be <i>fenced</i> against.</blockquote> <i>Locke.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To practice the art of attack and defense with the sword or with the foil, esp. with the smallsword, using the point only.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He will <i>fence</i> with his own shadow.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Hence, to fight or dispute in the manner of fencers, that is, by thrusting, guarding, parrying, etc.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>They <i>fence</i> and push, and, pushing, loudly roar;<BR> Their dewlaps and their sides are bat&?;ed in gore.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>As when a billow, blown against,<BR> Falls back, the voice with which I <i>fenced</i><BR> A little ceased, but recommenced.</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fence"ful</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Affording defense; defensive.</def> [Obs.] <i>Congreve.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fence"less</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Without a fence; uninclosed; open; unguarded; defenseless.</def> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fen"cer</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who fences; one who teaches or practices the art of fencing with sword or foil.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>As blunt as the <i>fencer's</i> foils.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fen"ci-ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Capable of being defended, or of making or affording defense.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>No fort so <i>fencible</i>, nor walls so strong.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fen"ci*ble</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Mil.)</i> <def>A soldier enlisted for home service only; — usually in the <i>pl.</i></def></p>

<p><hw>Fen"cing</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The art or practice of attack and defense with the sword, esp. with the smallsword. See <u>Fence</u>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos>, 2.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Disputing or debating in a manner resembling the art of fencers.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>The materials used for building fences.</def> [U.S.]</p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>The act of building a fence.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>The aggregate of the fences put up for inclosure or protection; as, the <i>fencing</i> of a farm.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fen" crick`et</hw> (?). <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The mole cricket.</def> [Prov. Eng.]</p>

<p><hw>Fend</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A fiend.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fend</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Fended</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Fending</u>.] [Abbrev. fr. <i>defend</i>.] <def>To keep off; to prevent from entering or hitting; to ward off; to shut out; — often with <i>off</i>; as, to <i>fend</i> off blows.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>With fern beneath to <i>fend</i> the bitter cold.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><col><b>To fend off a</b></col> <col><b>boat or vessel</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>to prevent its running against anything with too much violence.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fend</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To act on the defensive, or in opposition; to resist; to parry; to shift off.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The dexterous management of terms, and being able to <i>fend</i> . . . with them, passes for a great part of learning.</blockquote> <i>Locke.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fen"der</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From <u>Fend</u>, <pos><i>v. t. & i.</i></pos>, cf. <u>Defender</u>.] <def>One who or that which defends or protects by warding off harm</def>; as: <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A screen to prevent coals or sparks of an open fire from escaping to the floor.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>Anything serving as a cushion to lessen the shock when a vessel comes in contact with another vessel or a wharf.</def> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <def>A screen to protect a carriage from mud thrown off the wheels: also, a splashboard.</def> <sd><i>(d)</i></sd> <def>Anything set up to protect an exposed angle, as of a house, from damage by carriage wheels.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fend"liche</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Fiendlike.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fen"er*ate</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [L. <i>faeneratus</i>, p. p. of <i>faenerari</i> lend on interest, fr. <i>faenus</i> interest.] <def>To put money to usury; to lend on interest.</def> [Obs.] <i>Cockeram.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fen`er*a"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>faeneratio</i>.] <def>The act of fenerating; interest.</def> [Obs.] <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Fen`es-tel"la</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., dim. of <i>fenestra</i> &?; window.] <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>Any small windowlike opening or recess, esp. one to show the relics within an altar, or the like.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Fe*nes"tra</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Fenestr&aelig;</b></plw> (#). [L., a window.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>A small opening; esp., one of the apertures, closed by membranes, between the tympanum and internal ear.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fe*nes"tral</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>fenestra</i> a window.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>Pertaining to a window or to windows.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to a fenestra.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fe*nes"tral</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>A casement or window sash, closed with cloth or paper instead of glass.</def> <i>Weale.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fe*nes"trate</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>fenestratus</i>, p. p. of <i>fenestrare</i> to furnish with openings and windows.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Having numerous openings; irregularly reticulated; as, <i>fenestrate</i> membranes; <i>fenestrate</i> fronds.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Having transparent spots, as the wings of certain butterflies.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fe*nes"tra*ted</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>Having windows; characterized by windows.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Same as <u>Fenestrate</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fen`es*tra"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>The arrangement and proportioning of windows; — used by modern writers for the decorating of an architectural composition by means of the window (and door) openings, their ornaments, and proportions.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>The state or condition of being fenestrated.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fe*nes"trule</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>fenestrula</i> a little window, dim. of <i>fenestra</i> a window.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of the openings in a fenestrated structure.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fen"gite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Min.)</i> <def>A kind of marble or alabaster, sometimes used for windows on account of its transparency.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fe"ni*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From the <i>Finians</i> or <i>Fenii</i>, the old militia of Ireland, who were so called from <i>Fin</i> or <i>Finn</i>, <i>Fionn</i>, or <i>Fingal</i>, a popular hero of Irish traditional history.] <def>A member of a secret organization, consisting mainly of Irishmen, having for its aim the overthrow of English rule in Ireland.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fe"ni*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pertaining to Fenians or to Fenianism.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fe"ni*an*ism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The principles, purposes, and methods of the Fenians.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fenks</hw> (f&ebreve;&nsm;ks), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The refuse whale blubber, used as a manure, and in the manufacture of Prussian blue.</def> <i>Ure.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fen"nec</hw> (f&ebreve;n"n&ebreve;k), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Ar. <i>fanek</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A small, African, foxlike animal (<i>Vulpes zerda</i>) of a pale fawn color, remarkable for the large size of its ears.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fen"nel</hw> (f&ebreve;n"n&ebreve;l), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>fenol</i>, <i>finol</i>, from L. <i>feniculum</i>, <i>faeniculum</i>, dim. of <i>fenum</i>, <i>faenum</i>, hay: cf. F. <i>fenouil</i>. Cf. <u>Fenugreek</u>. <u>Finochio</u>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A perennial plant of the genus <i>F&aelig;niculum</i> (<i>F. vulgare</i>), having very finely divided leaves. It is cultivated in gardens for the agreeable aromatic flavor of its seeds.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Smell of sweetest <i>fennel</i>.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>A sprig of <i>fennel</i> was in fact the theological smelling bottle of the tender sex.</blockquote> <i>S. G. Goodrich.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Azorean, or Sweet</b></col>, <col><b>fennel</b></col>, <cd>(<i>F&aelig;niculum dulce</i>). It is a smaller and stouter plant than the common fennel, and is used as a pot herb.</cd> — <col><b>Dog's fennel</b></col> <cd>(<i>Anthemis Cotula</i>), a foul- smelling European weed; — called also <i>mayweed</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Fennel flower</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>an herb (<i>Nigella</i>) of the Buttercup family, having leaves finely divided, like those of the fennel. <i>N. Damascena</i> is common in gardens. <i>N. sativa</i> furnishes the fennel seed, used as a condiment, etc., in India. These seeds are the "fitches" mentioned in Isaiah (xxviii. 25).</cd> — <col><b>Fennel water</b></col> <i>(Med.)</i>, <cd>the distilled water of fennel seed. It is stimulant and carminative.</cd> — <col><b>Giant fennel</b></col> <cd>(<i>Ferula communis</i>), has stems full of pith, which, it is said, were used to carry fire, first, by Prometheus.</cd> — <col><b>Hog's fennel</b></col>, <cd>a European plant (<i>Peucedanum officinale</i>) looking something like fennel.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fen"nish</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Abounding in fens; fenny.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fen"ny</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [AS. <i>fennig</i>.] <def>Pertaining to, or inhabiting, a fen; abounding in fens; swampy; boggy.</def> "<i>Fenny</i> snake." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fen"owed</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [AS. <i>fynig</i> musty, <i>fynegean</i> to become musty or filthy: cf. <i>fennig</i> fenny, muddy, dirty, fr. <i>fen</i> fen. Cf. <u>Finew</u>.] <def>Corrupted; decayed; moldy. See <u>Vinnewed</u>.</def> [Obs.] <i>Dr. Favour.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fen"si-ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Fencible.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fen"-sucked`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Sucked out of marches.</def> "<i>Fen-sucked</i> fogs." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fen"u*greek</hw> (? or ?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>faenum Graecum</i>, lit., Greek hay: cf. F. <i>fenugrec</i>. Cf. <u>Fennel</u>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A plant (<i>trigonella F&oelig;num Gr&aelig;cum</i>) cultivated for its strong-smelling seeds, which are</def> "now only used for giving false importance to horse medicine and damaged hay." <i>J. Smith (Pop. Names of Plants, 1881).</i></p>

<p><hw>Feod</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A feud. See 2d <u>Feud</u>.</def> <i>Blackstone.</i></p>

<p><hw>Feod"al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Feudal. See <u>Feudal</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Feo*dal"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Feudal tenure; the feudal system. See <u>Feudality</u>.</def> <i>Burke.</i></p>

<p><hw>Feod"a*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>An accomplice.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Art thou a <i>feodary</i> for this act?</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Eng. Law)</i> <def>An ancient officer of the court of wards.</def> <i>Burrill.</i></p>

<p><hw>Feod"a*to*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Feudatory</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Feoff</hw> (?; 277), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Feoffed</u> (#); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos>. <u>Feoffing</u>.] [OE. <i>feffen</i>, OF. <i>feffer</i>, <i>fieffer</i>, F. <i>fieffer</i>, fr. <i>fief</i> fief; cf. LL. <i>feoffare</i>, <i>fefare</i>. See <u>Fief</u>.] <i>(Law)</i> <def>To invest with a fee or feud; to give or grant a corporeal hereditament to; to enfeoff.</def></p>

<p><hw>Feoff</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Law)</i> <def>A fief. See <u>Fief</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Feof*fee"</hw> (?; 277), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>feoff&eacute;</i>.] <i>(Law)</i> <def>The person to whom a feoffment is made; the person enfeoffed.</def></p>

<p><hw>Feoff"ment</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>feoffement</i>, <i>fieffement</i>; cf. LL. <i>feoffamentum</i>.] <i>(Law)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The grant of a feud or fee.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <i>(Eng. Law)</i> <def>A gift or conveyance in fee of land or other corporeal hereditaments, accompanied by actual delivery of possession.</def> <i>Burrill.</i></p>

<p><sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <def>The instrument or deed by which corporeal hereditaments are conveyed.</def> [Obs. in the U.S., Rare in Eng.]</p>

<p>{ <hw>Feo"for</hw> (?), <hw>Feof"fer</hw> (?) }, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>feoour</i>.] <i>(Law)</i> <def>One who enfeoffs or grants a fee.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fer</hw> (?), <pos><i>a. & adv.</i></pos> <def>Far.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fe*ra"cious</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>ferax</i>, <i>-acis</i>, fr. <i>ferre</i> to bear.] <def>Fruitful; producing abundantly.</def> [R.] <i>Thomson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fe*rac"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>feracitas</i>.] <def>The state of being feracious or fruitful.</def> [Obs.] <i>Beattie.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Fe"r&aelig;</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [L., wild animals, fem. pl. of <i>ferus</i> wild.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A group of mammals which formerly included the Carnivora, Insectivora, Marsupialia, and lemurs, but is now often restricted to the Carnivora.</def></p>

<p> <hw>||Fe"r&aelig; na*tu"r&aelig;</hw> (?). [L.] <def>Of a wild nature; — applied to animals, as foxes, wild ducks, etc., in which no one can claim property.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fe"ral</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>ferus</i>. See <u>Fierce</u>.] <i>(Bot. & Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Wild; untamed; ferine; not domesticated; — said of beasts, birds, and plants.</def> </p>

<p><hw>Fe"ral</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>feralis</i>, belonging to the dead.] <def>Funereal; deadly; fatal; dangerous.</def> [R.] "<i>Feral</i> accidents." <i>Burton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ferde</hw> (?), obs. <def><pos><i>imp.</i></pos> of <u>Fare</u>.</def> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Fer`-de-lance"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., the iron of a lance, lance head.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A large, venomous serpent (<i>Trigonocephalus lanceolatus</i>) of Brazil and the West Indies. It is allied to the rattlesnake, but has no rattle.</def> </p>

<p><hw>Fer"ding</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Farthing</u>.] <def>A measure of land mentioned in Domesday Book. It is supposed to have consisted of a few acres only.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Ferd"ness</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>ferd</i> fear. See <u>Fear</u>.] <def>Fearfulness.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fere</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>fere</i> companion, AS. <i>gef&emacr;ra</i>, from <i>f&emacr;ran</i> to go, travel, <i>faran</i> to travel. &radic;78. See <u>Fare</u>.] <def>A mate or companion; — often used of a wife.</def> [Obs.] [Written also <i>fear</i> and <i>feere</i>.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>And Cambel took Cambrina to his <i>fere</i>.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><col><b>In fere</b></col>, <cd>together; in company.</cd> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fere</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. L. <i>ferus</i> wild.] <def>Fierce.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Fere</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Fire</u>.] <def>Fire.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fere</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Fear</u>.] <def>Fear.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fere</hw>, <pos><i>v. t. & i.</i></pos> <def>To fear.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fer`e*to*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>feretrum</i> bier, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to bear, akin to L. <i>ferre</i>, E. <i>bear</i> to support.] <def>A portable bier or shrine, variously adorned, used for containing relics of saints.</def> <i>Mollett.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fer"forth`</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>Far forth.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><col><b>As ferforth as</b></col>, <cd>as far as.</cd> — <col><b>So ferforth</b></col>, <cd>to such a degree.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fer"forth`ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>Ferforth.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fer"gu*son*ite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Min.)</i> <def>A mineral of a brownish black color, essentially a tantalo- niobate of yttrium, erbium, and cerium; — so called after Robert <i>Ferguson</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Fe"ri*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Feri&aelig;</b></plw> (&?;). <i>(Eccl.)</i> <def>A week day, esp. a day which is neither a festival nor a fast.</def> <i>Shipley.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fe"ri*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Feria</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fe"ri*al</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [LL. <i>ferialis</i>, fr. L. <i>ferie</i> holidays: cf. F. <i>f&eacute;rial</i>. See 5th <u>Fair</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Of or pertaining to holidays.</def> [Obs.] <i>J. Gregory.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Belonging to any week day, esp. to a day that is neither a festival nor a fast.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fe`ri*a"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>feriari</i> to keep holiday, fr. <i>ferie</i> holidays.] <def>The act of keeping holiday; cessation from work.</def> [Obs.] <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fe"rie</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>ferie</i>, fr. L. <i>ferie</i> holidays. See 5th <u>Fair</u>.] <def>A holiday.</def> [Obs.] <i>Bullokar.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fe"ri*er</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos>, <def><pos><i>compar.</i></pos> of <u>Fere</u>, fierce.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Rhenus <i>ferier</i> than the cataract.</blockquote> <i>Marston.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fe"rine</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>ferinus</i>, fr. <i>ferus</i> wild. See <u>Fierce</u>.] <def>Wild; untamed; savage; as, lions, tigers, wolves, and bears are <i>ferine</i> beasts.</def> <i>Sir M. Hale.</i> — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A wild beast; a beast of prey.</def> — <wf>Fe"rine*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> - - <wf>Fe"rine*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>||Fer*in"gee</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Per. <i>Farang&imacr;</i>, or Ar. <i>Firanj&imacr;</i>, properly, a Frank.] <def>The name given to Europeans by the Hindos.</def> [Written also <i>Feringhee</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Fer"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>feritas</i>, from <i>ferus</i> wild.] <def>Wildness; savageness; fierceness.</def> [Obs.] <i>Woodward.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fer"ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [AS. <i>f&?;rlic</i> sudden, unexpected. See <u>Fear</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <def>Singular; wonderful; extraordinary.</def> [Obs.] — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A wonder; a marvel.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Who hearkened ever such a <i>ferly</i> thing.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Ferm</hw>, <hw>Ferme</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> }[See <u>Farm</u>.] <def>Rent for a farm; a farm; also, an abode; a place of residence; as, he let his land to <i>ferm</i>.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Out of her fleshy <i>ferme</i> fled to the place of pain.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fer"ma*cy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. See <u>Pharmacy</u>.] <def>Medicine; pharmacy.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fer"ment</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>fermentum</i> ferment (in senses 1 & 2), perh. for <i>fervimentum</i>, fr. <i>fervere</i> to be boiling hot, boil, ferment: cf. F. <i>ferment</i>. Cf. 1st <u>Barm</u>, <u>Fervent</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>That which causes fermentation, as yeast, barm, or fermenting beer.</def></p>

<p>&fist; Ferments are of two kinds: (<i>a</i>) Formed or organized ferments. (<i>b</i>) Unorganized or structureless ferments. The latter are also called <i>soluble or chemical ferments</i>, and <i>enzymes</i>. Ferments of the first class are as a rule simple microscopic vegetable organisms, and the fermentations which they engender are due to their growth and development; as, the <i>acetic ferment</i>, the <i>butyric ferment</i>, etc. See <u>Fermentation</u>. Ferments of the second class, on the other hand, are chemical substances, as a rule soluble in glycerin and precipitated by alcohol. In action they are catalytic and, mainly, hydrolytic. Good examples are pepsin of the dastric juice, ptyalin of the salvia, and disease of malt. </p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Intestine motion; heat; tumult; agitation.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Subdue and cool the <i>ferment</i> of desire.</blockquote> <i>Rogers.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>the nation is in a <i>ferment</i>.</blockquote> <i>Walpole.</i> </p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A gentle internal motion of the constituent parts of a fluid; fermentation.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Down to the lowest lees the <i>ferment</i> ran.</blockquote> <i>Thomson.</i></p>

<p><col><b>ferment oils</b></col>, <cd>volatile oils produced by the fermentation of plants, and not originally contained in them. These were the <i>quintessences</i> of the alchenists.</cd> <i>Ure.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fer*ment"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Fermented</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Fermenting</u>.] [L. <i>fermentare</i>, <i>fermentatum</i>: cf. F. <i>fermenter</i>. See <u>Ferment</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <def>To cause ferment of fermentation in; to set in motion; to excite internal emotion in; to heat.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Ye vigorous swains! while youth <i>ferments</i> your blood.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fer*ment"</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To undergo fermentation; to be in motion, or to be excited into sensible internal motion, as the constituent particles of an animal or vegetable fluid; to work; to effervesce.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To be agitated or excited by violent emotions.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>But finding no redress, <i>ferment</i> and rage.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The intellect of the age was a <i>fermenting</i> intellect.</blockquote> <i>De Quincey.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fer*ment`a*bil"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Capability of fermentation.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fer*ment"a*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>fermentable</i>.] <def>Capable of fermentation; as, cider and other vegetable liquors are <i>fermentable</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fer*ment"al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Fermentative.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><! p. 553 !></p>

<p><hw>Fer`men*ta"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>fermentation</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The process of undergoing an effervescent change, as by the action of yeast; in a wider sense <i>(Physiol. Chem.)</i>, the transformation of an organic substance into new compounds by the action of a ferment, either formed or unorganized. It differs in kind according to the nature of the ferment which causes it.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A state of agitation or excitement, as of the intellect or the feelings.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>It puts the soul to <i>fermentation</i> and activity.</blockquote> <i>Jer. Taylor.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>A univesal <i>fermentation</i> of human thought and faith.</blockquote> <i>C. Kingsley.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Acetous, or Acetic</b></col>, <col><b>fermentation</b></col>, <cd>a form of oxidation in which alcohol is converted into vinegar or acetic acid by the agency of a specific fungus or ferment (<i>Mycoderma aceti</i>). The process involves two distinct reactions, in which the oxygen of the air is essential. An intermediate product, aldehyde, is formed in the first process.</cd></p>

<p><b>1.</b> C2H6O + O = H2O + C2H4O Alcohol. Water. Aldehyde.</p>

<p><b>2.</b> C2H4O + O = C2H4O2 Aldehyde. Acetic acid.</p>

<p>— <col><b>Alcoholic fermentation</b></col>, <cd>the fermentation which saccharine bodies undergo when brought in contact with the yeast plant or Torula. The sugar is converted, either directly or indirectly, into alcohol and carbonic acid, the rate of action being dependent on the rapidity with which the Torul&aelig; develop.</cd> - - <col><b>Ammoniacal fermentation</b></col>, <cd>the conversion of the urea of the urine into ammonium carbonate, through the growth of the special urea ferment.</cd></p>

<p>CON2H4 + 2H2O = (NH4)2CO3 Urea. Water. Ammonium carbonate.</p>

<p>Whenever urine is exposed to the air in open vessels for several days it undergoes this alkaline fermentation. — <col><b>Butyric fermentation</b></col>, <cd>the decomposition of various forms of organic matter, through the agency of a peculiar worm-shaped vibrio, with formation of more or less butyric acid. It is one of the many forms of fermentation that collectively constitute putrefaction. See <i>Lactic fermentation</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Fermentation by an</b></col> <col><b>unorganized ferment or enzyme</b></col>. <cd>Fermentations of this class are purely chemical reactions, in which the ferment acts as a simple catalytic agent. Of this nature are the decomposition or inversion of cane sugar into levulose and dextrose by boiling with dilute acids, the conversion of starch into dextrin and sugar by similar treatment, the conversion of starch into like products by the action of diastase of malt or ptyalin of saliva, the conversion of albuminous food into peptones and other like products by the action of pepsin-hydrochloric acid of the gastric juice or by the ferment of the pancreatic juice.</cd> — <col><b>Fermentation theory of disease</b></col> <i>(Biol. & Med.)</i>, <cd>the theory that most if not all, infectious or zymotic disease are caused by the introduction into the organism of the living germs of ferments, or ferments already developed (organized ferments), by which processes of fermentation are set up injurious to health. See <u>Germ theory</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Glycerin fermentation</b></col>, <cd>the fermentation which occurs on mixing a dilute solution of glycerin with a peculiar species of schizomycetes and some carbonate of lime, and other matter favorable to the growth of the plant, the glycerin being changed into butyric acid, caproic acid, butyl, and ethyl alcohol. With another form of bacterium (<i>Bacillus subtilis</i>) ethyl alcohol and butyric acid are mainly formed.</cd> — <col><b>Lactic fermentation</b></col>, <cd>the transformation of milk sugar or other saccharine body into lactic acid, as in the souring of milk, through the agency of a special bacterium (<i>Bacterium lactis</i> of Lister). In this change the milk sugar, before assuming the form of lactic acid, presumably passes through the stage of glucose.</cd></p>

<p>C12H22O11.H2O = 4C3H6O3 Hydrated milk sugar. Lactic acid.</p>

<p>In the lactic fermentation of dextrose or glucose, the lactic acid which is formed is very prone to undergo butyric fermentation after the manner indicated in the following equation: 2C3H6O3 (lactic acid) = C4H8O2 (butyric acid) + 2CO2 (carbonic acid) + 2H2 (hydrogen gas). — <col><b>Putrefactive fermentation</b></col>. <cd>See <u>Putrefaction</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fer*ment"a*tive</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>fermentatif</i>.] <def>Causing, or having power to cause, fermentation; produced by fermentation; fermenting; as, a <i>fermentative</i> process.</def></p>

<p>— <wf>Fer*ment"a*tive*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Fer*ment"a*tive*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Fer"mer*ere</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>enfermerier</i>, fr. <i>enfermerie</i> infirmary. See <u>Infirmary</u>.] <def>The officer in a religious house who had the care of the infirmary.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Fer"mil*let</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF., dim. of <i>fermeil</i>, <i>fermail</i>, clasp, prob. fr. OF. & F. <i>fermer</i> to make fast, fr. <i>ferme</i> fast. See <u>Firm</u>.] <def>A buckle or clasp.</def> [Obs.] <i>Donne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fern</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>Long ago.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fern</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [AS. <i>fyrn</i>.] <def>Ancient; old. [Obs.] "Pilgrimages to . . . <i>ferne</i> halwes." [saints].</def> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fern</hw> (f&etilde;rn), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>fearn</i>; akin to D. <i>varen</i>, G. <i>farn</i>, <i>farn</i>kraut; cf. Skr. <i>parn.a</i> wing, feather, leaf, sort of plant, or Lith. <i>papartis</i> fern.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>An order of cryptogamous plants, the <i>Filices</i>, which have their fructification on the back of the fronds or leaves. They are usually found in humid soil, sometimes grow epiphytically on trees, and in tropical climates often attain a gigantic size.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The plants are asexual, and bear clustered sporangia, containing minute spores, which germinate and form prothalli, on which are borne the true organs of reproduction. The brake or bracken, the maidenhair, and the polypody are all well known ferns.</p>

<p><col><b>Christmas fern</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Christmas</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Climbing fern</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>a delicate North American fern (<i>Lygodium palmatum</i>), which climbs several feet high over bushes, etc., and is much sought for purposes of decoration.</cd> — <col><b>Fern owl</b></col>. <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>The European goatsucker.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>The short-eared owl.</cd> [Prov. Eng.] — <col><b>Fern shaw</b></col>, <cd>a fern thicket.</cd> [Eng.] <i>R. Browning.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fern"er*y</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A place for rearing ferns.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fern"ti*cle</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A freckle on the skin, resembling the seed of fern.</def> [Prov. Eng.]</p>

<p><hw>Fern"y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Abounding in ferns.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fe*ro"cious</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>ferox</i>, <i>-ocis</i>, fierce: cf. F. <i>f&eacute;roce</i>. See <u>Ferocity</u>.] <def>Fierce; savage; wild; indicating cruelty; ravenous; rapacious; as, <i>ferocious</i> look or features; a <i>ferocious</i> lion.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The humbled power of a <i>ferocious</i> enemy.</blockquote> <i>Lowth.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — <u>Ferocious</u>, <u>Fierce</u>, <u>Savage</u>, <u>Barbarous</u>. When these words are applied to human feelings or conduct, <i>ferocious</i> describes the disposition; <i>fierce</i>, the haste and violence of an act; <i>barbarous</i>, the coarseness and brutality by which it was marked; <i>savage</i>, the cruel and unfeeling spirit which it showed. A man is <i>ferocious</i> in his temper, <i>fierce</i> in his actions, <i>barbarous</i> in the manner of carrying out his purposes, <i>savage</i> in the spirit and feelings expressed in his words or deeds.</p>

<p>— <wf>Fe*ro"cious*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Fe*ro"cious*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><blockquote>It [Christianity] has adapted the <i>ferociousness</i> of war.</blockquote> <i>Blair.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fe*roc"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>ferocitas</i>, fr. <i>ferox</i>, <i>-ocis</i>, fierce, kin to <i>ferus</i> wild: cf. F. <i>ferocit&eacute;</i>. See <u>Fierce</u>.] <def>Savage wildness or fierceness; fury; cruelty; as, <i>ferocity</i> of countenance.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The pride and <i>ferocity</i> of a Highland chief.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Fer*o"her</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Arch&aelig;ol.)</i> <def>A symbol of the solar deity, found on monuments exhumed in Babylon, Nineveh, etc.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fe"rous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>ferus</i>. See <u>Fierce</u>.] <def>Wild; savage.</def> [R.] <i>Arthur Wilson.</i></p>

<p><hw>-fer*ous</hw> (?). [L. <i>-fer</i>. fr. ferre to bear. See <u>Bear</u> to support.] <def>A suffix signifying <i>bearing</i>, <i>producing</i>, <i>yielding</i>; as, auri<i>ferous</i>, yielding gold; chyli<i>ferous</i>, producing chyle.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fer*ran"dine</hw> (? or ?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F.; cf. OF. <i>ferrant</i> iron-gray, from L. <i>ferrum</i> iron.] <def>A stuff made of silk and wool.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I did buy a colored silk <i>ferrandine</i>.</blockquote> <i>Pepys.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fer*ra"ra</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A sword bearing the mark of one of the Ferrara family of Italy. These swords were highly esteemed in England and Scotland in the 16th and 17th centuries.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fer`ra*rese"</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pertaining to Ferrara, in Italy.</def> — <pos><i>n., sing. & pl.</i></pos> <def>A citizen of Ferrara; collectively, the inhabitants of Ferrara.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fer"ra*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>ferraria</i> iron works. See <u>Ferreous</u>.] <def>The art of working in iron.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chapman.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fer"rate</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>ferrum</i> iron.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A salt of ferric acid.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Fer"re</hw> (?), <hw>Fer"rer</hw> (?), <pos><i>a. & adv.</i></pos> } Obs. <def><pos><i>compar.</i></pos> of <u>Fer</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fer"re*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>ferreus</i>, fr. <i>ferrum</i> iron. Cf. <u>Farrier</u>, <u>Ferrous</u>.] <def>Partaking of, made of, or pertaining to, iron; like iron.</def> [Obs.] <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fer"rest</hw> (?), <pos><i>a. & adv.</i></pos> Obs. <def><pos><i>superl.</i></pos> of <u>Fer</u>.</def> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fer"ret</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>furet</i>, cf. LL. <i>furo</i>; prob. fr. L. <i>fur</i> thief (cf. <u>Furtive</u>); cf. Arm. <i>fur</i> wise, sly.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>An animal of the Weasel family (<i>Mustela or Putorius furo</i>), about fourteen inches in length, of a pale yellow or white color, with red eyes. It is a native of Africa, but has been domesticated in Europe. Ferrets are used to drive rabbits and rats out of their holes.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fer"ret</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Ferreted</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Ferreting</u>.] [Cf. F. <i>fureter</i>. See <u>Ferret</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <def>To drive or hunt out of a lurking place, as a ferret does the cony; to search out by patient and sagacious efforts; — often used with <i>out</i>; as, to <i>ferret</i> out a secret.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Master Fer! I'll fer him, and firk him, and <i>ferret</i> him.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fer"ret</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Ital. <i>foretto</i>, dim. of <i>fiore</i> flower; or F. <i>fleuret</i>. Cf. <u>Floret</u>.] <def>A kind of narrow tape, usually made of woolen; sometimes of cotton or silk; — called also <i>ferreting</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fer"ret</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>feret</i>, dim. or <i>fer</i> iron, L. <i>ferrum</i>.] <i>(Glass Making)</i> <def>The iron used for trying the melted glass to see if is fit to work, and for shaping the rings at the mouths of bottles.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fer"ret*er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who ferrets.</def> <i>Johnson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fer"ret-eye`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The spur-winged goose; — so called from the red circle around the eyes.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fer*ret"to</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [It. <i>ferretto</i> di Spagna, dim. of <i>ferro</i> iron, fr. L. <i>ferrum</i>.] <def>Copper sulphide, used to color glass.</def> <i>Hebert.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fer"ri-</hw> (&?;). <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A combining form indicating <i>ferric iron</i> as an ingredient; as, <i>ferri</i>cyanide.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fer"ri*age</hw> (?; 48), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From <u>Ferry</u>.] <def>The price or fare to be paid for passage at a ferry.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fer"ric</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>ferrum</i> iron: cf. F. <i>ferrique</i>. See <u>Ferrous</u>.] <def>Pertaining to, derived from, or containing iron. Specifically <i>(Chem.)</i>, denoting those compounds in which iron has a higher valence than in the <i>ferrous</i> compounds; as, <i>ferric</i> oxide; <i>ferric</i> acid.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Ferric acid</b></col> <i>(Chem.)</i>, <cd>an acid, H<sub>2</sub>FeO<sub>4</sub>, which is not known in the free state, but forms definite salts, analogous to the chromates and sulphates.</cd> — <col><b>Ferric oxide</b></col> <i>(Chem.)</i>, <cd>sesquioxide of iron, Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>; hematite. See <u>Hematite</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fer`ri*cy"a*nate</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Ferri-</i> + <i>cyanate</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A salt of ferricyanic acid; a ferricyanide.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fer`ri*cy*an"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Ferri-</i> + <i>cyanic</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, a ferricyanide.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Ferricyanic acid</b></col> <i>(Chem.)</i>, <cd>a brown crystalline substance, H<sub>6</sub>(CN)<sub>12</sub>Fe<sub>2</sub>, obtained from potassium ferricyanide, and regarded as the type of the ferricyanides; — called also <i>hydro-ferricyanic acid</i>, <i>hydrogen ferricyanide</i>, etc.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fer`ri*cy"a*nide</hw> (?; 104), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Ferri-</i> + <i>cyanide</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>One of a complex series of double cyanides of ferric iron and some other base.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Potassium ferricyanide</b></col> <i>(Chem.)</i>, <cd>red prussiate of potash; a dark, red, crystalline salt, K<sub>6</sub>(CN)<sub>12</sub>Fe<sub>2</sub>, consisting of the double cyanide of potassium and ferric iron. From it is derived the ferrous ferricyanate, <i>Turnbull's blue</i>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fer"ri*er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A ferryman.</def> <i>Calthrop.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fer*rif"er*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>ferrum</i> iron + <i>-ferous</i>: cf. F. <i>ferrif&egrave;re</i>.] <def>Producing or yielding iron.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fer`ri*prus"si*ate</hw> (? or ?; see <u>Prussiate</u>, 277), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Ferri-</i> + <i>prussiate</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A ferricyanate; a ferricyanide.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Fer`ri*prus"sic</hw> (? or ?; see <u>Prussik</u>, 277), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Ferri-</i> + <i>prussic</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Ferricyanic.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Fer"ro-</hw> (&?;). <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A prefix, or combining form, indicating <i>ferrous iron</i> as an ingredient; as, <i>ferro</i>cyanide.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fer`ro*cal"cite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Ferro-</i> + <i>calcite</i>.] <def>Limestone containing a large percentage of iron carbonate, and hence turning brown on exposure.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fer`ro*cy"a*nate</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Ferro-</i> + <i>cyanate</i>: cf. F. <i>ferrocyanate</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A salt of ferrocyanic acid; a ferrocyanide.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fer`ro*cy*an"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Ferro-</i> + <i>cyanic</i>: cf. F. <i>ferrocyanique</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Pertaining to, derived from, or designating, a ferrocyanide.</def></p>

<p><col><b>ferrocyanic acid</b></col> <i>(Chem.)</i>, <cd>a white crystalline substance, H<sub>4</sub>(CN)<sub>6</sub>Fe, of strong acid properties, obtained from potassium ferrocyanide, and regarded as the type of the ferrocyanides; — called also <i>hydro-ferrocyanic acid</i>, <i>hydrogen ferrocyanide</i>. etc.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fer`ro*cy"a*nide</hw> (? or ?; 104), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Ferro-</i> + <i>cyanide</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>One of a series of complex double cyanides of ferrous iron and some other base.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Potassium ferrocyanide</b></col> <i>(Chem.)</i>, <cd>yellow prussiate of potash; a tough, yellow, crystalline salt, K<sub>4</sub>(CN)<sub>6</sub>Fe, the starting point in the manufacture of almost all cyanogen compounds, and the basis of the ferric ferrocyanate, <i>prussian blue</i>. It is obtained by strongly heating together potash, scrap iron, and animal matter containing nitrogen, as horn, leather, blood, etc., in iron pots.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fer`ro*prus"si*ate</hw> (&?; or &?; or &?;; see <u>Prussiate</u>, 277), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Ferro-</i> + <i>prussiate</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A ferrocyanate; a ferocyanide.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Fer`ro*prus"sic</hw> (? or ?; see <u>Prussic</u>, 277), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Ferro-</i> + <i>prussic</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Ferrocyanic.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fer*ro"so-</hw> (&?;). <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>See <u>Ferro- </u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fer"ro*type</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>ferrum</i> iron + <i>-type</i>.] <def>A photographic picture taken on an iron plate by a collodion process; — familiarly called <i>tintype</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fer"rous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>ferreux</i>. See <u>Ferreous</u>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, iron; — especially used of compounds of iron in which the iron has its lower valence; as, <i>ferrous</i> sulphate.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fer*ru"gi*na`ted</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See <u>Ferrugo</u>.] <def>Having the color or properties of the rust of iron.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fer`ru*gin"e*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Ferruginous.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Fer*ru"gi*nous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>ferruginus</i>, <i>ferrugineus</i>, fr. <i>ferrugo</i>, <i>- ginis</i>, iron rust: cf. F. <i>ferrugineux</i>. See <u>Ferrugo</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Partaking of iron; containing particles of iron.</def> <i>Boyle.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Resembling iron rust in appearance or color; brownish red, or yellowish red.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Fer*ru"go</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., iron rust, fr. <i>ferrum</i> iron.] <def>A disease of plants caused by fungi, commonly called the <i>rust</i>, from its resemblance to iron rust in color.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fer"rule</hw> (? or ?; 277), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Formerly <i>verrel</i>, F. <i>virole</i>, fr. L. <i>viriola</i> little bracelet, dim. of <i>viriae</i>, pl., bracelets; prob. akin to <i>viere</i> to twist, weave, and E. <i>withe</i>. The spelling with <i>f</i> is due to confusion with L. <i>ferrum</i> iron.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A ring or cap of metal put round a cane, tool, handle, or other similar object, to strengthen it, or prevent splitting and wearing.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Steam Boilers)</i> <def>A bushing for expanding the end of a flue to fasten it tightly in the tube plate, or for partly filling up its mouth.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fer*ru"mi*nate</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [L. <i>ferruminatus</i>, p. p. of <i>ferruminare</i> to cement, solder, fr. <i>ferrumen</i> cement, fr. <i>ferrum</i> iron.] <def>To solder or unite, as metals.</def> [R.] <i>Coleridge.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fer*ru`mi*na"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>ferruminatio</i>: cf. F. <i>ferrumination</i>.] <def>The soldering or uniting of metals.</def> [R.] <i>Coleridge.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fer"ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Ferried</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Ferrying</u>.] [OE. <i>ferien</i> to convey, AS. <i>ferian</i>, from <i>faran</i> to go; akin to Icel. <i>ferja</i> to ferry, Goth. <i>farjan</i> to sail. See <u>Fare</u>.] <def>To carry or transport over a river, strait, or other narrow water, in a boat.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fer"ry</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To pass over water in a boat or by a ferry.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>They <i>ferry</i> over this Lethean sound<BR> Both to and fro.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fer"ry</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Ferries</b></plw> (#). [OE. <i>feri</i>; akin to Icel. <i>ferja</i>, Sw. <i>f&auml;rja</i>, Dan. <i>f&aelig;rge</i>, G. <i>f&auml;hre</i>. See <u>Ferry</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A place where persons or things are carried across a river, arm of the sea, etc., in a ferryboat.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>It can pass the <i>ferry</i> backward into light.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>To row me o'er the <i>ferry</i>.</blockquote> <i>Campbell.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A vessel in which passengers and goods are conveyed over narrow waters; a ferryboat; a wherry.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A franchise or right to maintain a vessel for carrying passengers and freight across a river, bay, etc., charging tolls.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Ferry bridge</b></col>, <cd>a ferryboat adapted in its structure for the transfer of railroad trains across a river or bay.</cd> — <col><b>Ferry railway</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Railway</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fer"ry*boat`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A vessel for conveying passengers, merchandise, etc., across streams and other narrow waters.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fer"ry*man</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Ferrymen</b></plw> (&?;). <def>One who maintains or attends a ferry.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fers</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Fierce.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ferthe</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Fourth.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fer"tile</hw> (? or ?; 277), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>fertilis</i>, fr. <i>ferre</i> to bear, produce: cf. F. <i>fertile</i>. <i>See</i> <u>Bear</u> to support.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Producing fruit or vegetation in abundance; fruitful; able to produce abundantly; prolific; fecund; productive; rich; inventive; as, <i>fertile</i> land or fields; a <i>fertile</i> mind or imagination.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Though he in a <i>fertile</i> climate dwell.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>Capable of producing fruit; fruit-bearing; as, <i>fertile</i> flowers.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>Containing pollen; — said of anthers.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>produced in abundance; plenteous; ample.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Henceforth, my early care . . . <BR> Shall tend thee, and the <i>fertile</i> burden ease<BR> Of thy full branches.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — <u>Fertile</u>, <u>Fruitful</u>. <i>Fertile</i> implies the inherent power of production; <i>fruitful</i>, the act. The prairies of the West are <i>fertile</i> by nature, and are turned by cultivation into <i>fruitful</i> fields. The same distinction prevails when these words are used figuratively. A man of <i>fertile</i> genius has by nature great readiness of invention; one whose mind is <i>fruitful</i> has resources of thought and a readiness of application which enable him to think and act effectively.</p>

<p><! p. 554 !></p>

<p><hw>Fer"tile*ly</hw> (? or ?; 277), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a fertile or fruitful manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>fer"tile*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Fertility.</def> <i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fer*til"i*tate</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To fertilize; to fecundate.</def> <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fer*til"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>fertilitas</i>: cf. F. <i>fertilit&eacute;</i>.] <def>The state or quality of being fertile or fruitful; fruitfulness; productiveness; fecundity; richness; abundance of resources; fertile invention; quickness; readiness; as, the <i>fertility</i> of soil, or of imagination.</def> "<i>fertility</i> of resource." <i>E. Everett.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>And all her husbandry doth lie on heaps<BR> Corrupting in its own <i>fertility</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Thy very weeds are beautiful; thy waste<BR> More rich than other climes' <i>fertility</i>.</blockquote> <i>Byron.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fer`ti*li*za"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act or process of rendering fertile.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>The act of fecundating or impregnating animal or vegetable germs; esp., the process by which in flowers the pollen renders the ovule fertile, or an analogous process in flowerless plants; fecundation; impregnation.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Close fertilization</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>the fertilization of pistils by pollen derived from the stamens of the same blossom.</cd> — <col><b>Cross fertilization</b></col>, <cd>fertilization by pollen from some other blossom. See under <u>Cross</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos></cd></p>

<p><hw>Fer"ti*lize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Fertilized</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Fertilizing</u> (?).] [Cf. F. <i>fertiliser</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To make fertile or enrich; to supply with nourishment for plants; to make fruitful or productive; as, to <i>fertilize</i> land, soil, ground, and meadows.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>And <i>fertilize</i> the field that each pretends to gain.</blockquote> <i>Byron.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To fecundate; as, to <i>fertilize</i> flower.</def> <i>A. R. Wallace.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fer"ti*lizer</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who fertilizes; the agent that carries the fertilizing principle, as a moth to an orchid.</def> <i>A. R. Wallace.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>That which renders fertile; a general name for commercial manures, as guano, phosphate of lime, etc.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Fer"u*la</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>ferula</i> giant fennel (its stalks were used in punishing schoolboys), rod, whip, fr. <i>ferire</i> to strike; akin to OHG. <i>berjan</i>, Icel. <i>berja</i>. Cf. <u>Ferule</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A ferule.</def> [Obs.] <i>Beau. & Fl.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The imperial scepter in the Byzantine or Eastern Empire.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fer`u*la"ceous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>ferulaceus</i>, fr. <i>ferula</i> rod: cf. F. <i>f&eacute;rulac&eacute;</i>.] <def>Pertaining to reeds and canes; having a stalk like a reed; as, <i>ferulaceous</i> plants.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fer"u*lar</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A ferule.</def> [Obs.] <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fer"ule</hw> (? or ?; 277), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>ferula</i>: cf. F. <i>f&eacute;rule</i>. See <u>Ferula</u>.] <def>A flat piece of wood, used for striking, children, esp. on the hand, in punishment.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fer"ule</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Feruled</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Feruling</u>.] <def>To punish with a ferule.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fe*ru"lic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, asafetida (<i>Ferula asaf&oelig;tida</i>); as, <i>ferulic</i> acid.</def> [Written also <i>ferulaic</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Fer"vence</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Heat; fervency.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Fer"ven*cy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. OF. <i>fervence</i>. See <u>Fervent</u>.] <def>The state of being fervent or warm; ardor; warmth of feeling or devotion; eagerness.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>When you pray, let it be with attention, with <i>fervency</i>, and with perseverance.</blockquote> <i>Wake.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fer"vent</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [F. <i>fervent</i>, L. <i>fervens</i>, <i>-entis</i>. p. pr. of <i>fervere</i> o the boiling hot, to boil, glow.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Hot; glowing; boiling; burning; as, a <i>fervent</i> summer.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The elements shall melt with <i>fervent</i> heat.</blockquote> <i>2 Pet. iii. 10.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Warm in feeling; ardent in temperament; earnest; full of fervor; zealous; glowing.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Not slothful in business; <i>fervent</i> in spirit.</blockquote> <i>Rom. iii. 11.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>So spake the <i>fervent</i> angel.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>A <i>fervent</i> desire to promote the happiness of mankind.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p>— <wf>Fer"vent*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Fer"vent*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><blockquote>Laboring <i>fervently</i> for you in prayers.</blockquote> <i>Col. iv. 12.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fer*ves"cent</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>fervescens</i>, p. pr. of <i>fervescere</i> to become boiling hot, incho., fr. <i>fervere</i>. See <u>Fervent</u>.] <def>Growing hot.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fer"vid</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>fervidus</i>, fr. <i>fervere</i>. See <u>Fervent</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Very hot; burning; boiling.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The mounted sun<BR> Shot down direct his <i>fervid</i> rays.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Ardent; vehement; zealous.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>fervid</i> wishes, holy fires.</blockquote> <i>Parnell.</i></p>

<p>— <wf>Fer"vid*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Fer"vid*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Fer"vor</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Written also <i>fervour</i>.] [OF. <i>fervor</i>, <i>fervour</i>, F. <i>ferveur</i>, L. <i>fervor</i>, fr. <i>fervere</i>. See <u>Fervent</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Heat; excessive warmth.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>fevor</i> of ensuing day.</blockquote> <i>Waller.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Intensity of feeling or expression; glowing ardor; passion; holy zeal; earnestness.</def> <i>Hooker.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Winged with <i>fervor</i> of her love.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — <u>Fervor</u>, <u>Ardor</u>. <i>Fervor</i> is a boiling heat, and <i>ardor</i> is a burning heat. Hence, in metaphor, we commonly use <i>fervor</i> and its derivatives when we conceive of thoughts or emotions under the image of ebullition, or as pouring themselves forth. Thus we speak of the <i>fervor</i> of passion, <i>fervid</i> declamation, <i>fervid</i> importunity, <i>fervent</i> supplication, <i>fervent</i> desires, etc. <i>Ardent</i> is used when we think of anything as springing from a deepseated glow of soul; as, <i>ardent</i> friendship, <i>ardent</i> zeal, <i>ardent</i> devotedness; burning with <i>ardor</i> for the fight.</p>

<p><hw>Fes"cen*nine</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>Fescenninus</i>, fr. <i>Fescennia</i>, a city of Etruria.] <def>Pertaining to, or resembling, the Fescennines.</def> — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A style of low, scurrilous, obscene poetry originating in fescennia.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fes"cue</hw> (f&ebreve;s"k&usl;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>festu</i>, OF. <i>festu</i>, F. <i>f&eacute;tu</i>, fr. L. <i>festuca</i> stalk, straw.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A straw, wire, stick, etc., used chiefly to point out letters to children when learning to read.</def> "Pedantic <i>fescue</i>." <i>Sterne.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>To come under the <i>fescue</i> of an imprimatur.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>An instrument for playing on the harp; a plectrum.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chapman.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>The style of a dial.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A grass of the genus <i>Festuca</i>.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Fescue grass</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>a genus of grasses (<i>Festuca</i>) containing several species of importance in agriculture. <i>Festuca ovina</i> is <i>sheep's fescue</i>; <i>F. elatior</i> is <i>meadow fescue</i>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fes"cue</hw> (f&ebreve;s"k&usl;), <pos><i>v. i. & t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Fescued</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Fescuing</u>.] <def>To use a fescue, or teach with a fescue.</def> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fes"els</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [Written also <i>fasels</i>.] <def>See <u>Phasel</u>.</def> [Obs.] <i>May (Georgics).</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Fess</hw>, <hw>Fesse</hw> } (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>fesse</i>, <i>faisse</i>, F. <i>fasce</i>, fr. L. <i>fascia</i> band. See <u>Fascia</u>.] <i>(Her.)</i> <def>A band drawn horizontally across the center of an escutcheon, and containing in breadth the third part of it; one of the nine honorable ordinaries.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Fess point</b></col> <i>(Her.)</i>, <cd>the exact center of the escutcheon. See <u>Escutcheon</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fes"si*tude</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>fessus</i> wearied, fatigued.] <def>Weariness.</def> [Obs.] <i>Bailey.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fess"wise</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In the manner of fess.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fest</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Fist</u>.] <def>The fist.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Fest</hw>, <hw>Fes"te</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> } <def>A feast.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fes"tal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>festum</i> holiday, feast. See <u>feast</u>.] <def>Of or pertaining to a holiday or a feast; joyous; festive.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>You bless with choicer wine the <i>festal</i> day.</blockquote> <i>Francis.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fes"tal*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>Joyously; festively; mirthfully.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fes"ten*nine</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A fescennine.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fes"ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Festered</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Festering</u>.] [OE. <i>festern</i>, fr. <i>fester</i>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>or fr</i>. <i>OF</i>. <i>festrir</i>, fr. <i>festre</i>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> See <u>Fester</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To generate pus; to become imflamed and suppurate; as, a sore or a wound <i>festers</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Wounds immedicable<BR> Rankle, and <i>fester</i>, and gangrene.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Unkindness may give a wound that shall bleed and smart, but it is treachery that makes it <i>fester</i>.</blockquote> <i>South.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Hatred . . . <i>festered</i> in the hearts of the children of the soil.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To be inflamed; to grow virulent, or malignant; to grow in intensity; to rankle.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fes`ter</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To cause to fester or rankle.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>For which I burnt in inward, swelt'ring hate,<BR> And <i>festered</i> ranking malice in my breast.</blockquote> <i>Marston.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fes"ter</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>festre</i>, L. <i>fistula</i> a sort of ulcer. Cf. <u>Fistula</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A small sore which becomes inflamed and discharges corrupt matter; a pustule.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A festering or rankling.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>fester</i> of the chain their necks.</blockquote> <i>I. Taylor.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fes"ter*ment</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A festering.</def> [R.] <i>Chalmers.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fest"eye</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [OF. <i>festier</i>, <i>festeer</i>, F. <i>festoyer</i>.] <def>To feast; to entertain.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fes"ti*nate</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>festinatus</i>, p. p. of <i>festinare</i> to hasten.] <def>Hasty; hurried.</def> [Obs.] — <wf>Fes"ti*nate*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fes`ti*na"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>festinatio</i>.] <def>Haste; hurry.</def> [Obs.] <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fes"ti*val</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [OF. <i>festival</i>, fr. L. <i>festivum</i> festive jollity, fr. <i>festivus</i> festive, gay. See <u>Festive</u>.] <def>Pertaining to a fest; festive; festal; appropriate to a festival; joyous; mirthful.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I cannot woo in <i>festival</i> terms.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fes"ti-val</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A time of feasting or celebration; an anniversary day of joy, civil or religious.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The morning trumpets <i>festival</i> proclaimed.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Feast; banquet; carousal. See <u>Feast</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Fes"tive</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>festivus</i>, fr. <i>festum</i> holiday, feast. See <u>feast</u>, and cf. <u>Festivous</u>.] <def>Pertaining to, or becoming, a feast; festal; joyous; gay; mirthful; sportive.</def> — <wf>Fes"tive*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><blockquote>The glad circle round them yield their souls<BR> To <i>festive</i> mirth and wit that knows no gall.</blockquote> <i>Thomson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fes*tiv"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Festivities</b></plw> (#). [L. <i>festivitas</i>: cf. F. <i>festivit&eacute;</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The condition of being festive; social joy or exhilaration of spirits at an entertaintment; joyfulness; gayety.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The unrestrained <i>festivity</i> of the rustic youth.</blockquote> <i>Bp. Hurd.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A festival; a festive celebration.</def> <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fes"ti*vous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See <u>Festive</u>.] <def>Pertaining to a feast; festive.</def> [R.] <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fest"lich</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See <u>Feast</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <def>Festive; fond of festive occasions.</def> [Obs.] "A <i>festlich</i> man." <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fes*toon"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>feston</i> (cf. Sp. <i>feston</i>, It. <i>festone</i>), prob. fr. L. <i>festum</i> festival. See <u>Feast</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A garland or wreath hanging in a depending curve, used in decoration for festivals, etc.; anything arranged in this way.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Arch. & Sculp.)</i> <def>A carved ornament consisting of flowers, and leaves, intermixed or twisted together, wound with a ribbon, and hanging or depending in a natural curve. See <i>Illust.</i> of <u>Bucranium</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fes*toon"</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Festooned</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Festooning</u>.] <def>To form in festoons, or to adorn with festoons.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fes*toon"y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pertaining to, consisting of, or resembling, festoons.</def> <i>Sir J. Herschel.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fes*tu*cine</hw> (? or ?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>festula</i> stalk, straw. Cf. <u>Fescue</u>.] <def>Of a straw color; greenish yellow.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>A little insect of a <i>festucine</i> or pale green.</blockquote> <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fes"tu*cous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Formed or consisting of straw.</def> [Obs.] <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fes"tue</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Fescue</u>.] <def>A straw; a fescue.</def> [Obs.] <i>Holland.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fet</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. <i>feat</i>, F. <i>fait</i>, and It. <i>fett&?;</i> slice, G. <i>fetzen</i> rag, Icel. <i>fat</i> garment.] <def>A piece.</def> [Obs.] <i>Dryton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fet</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [OE. <i>fetten</i>, <i>feten</i>, AS. <i>fetian</i>; akin to AS. <i>f&aelig;t</i> a journey, and to E. <i>foot</i>; cf. G. <i>fassen</i> to seize. &radic; 77. See <u>Foot</u>, and cf. <u>Fetch</u>.] <def>To fetch.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>And from the other fifty soon the prisoner <i>fet</i>.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fet</hw>, <pos><i>p. p.</i></pos> of <u>Fette</u>. <def>Fetched.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fe"tal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [From <u>Fetus</u>.] <def>Pertaining to, or connected with, a fetus; as, <i>fetal circulation</i>; <i>fetal</i> membranes.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fe*ta"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The formation of a fetus in the womb; pregnancy.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fetch</hw> (f&ebreve;ch; 224), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Fetched</u> 2; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos>. <u>Fetching</u>.] [OE. <i>fecchen</i>, AS. <i>feccan</i>, perh. the same word as <i>fetian</i>; or cf. <i>facian</i> to wish to get, OFries. <i>faka</i> to prepare. &radic; 77. Cf. <u>Fet</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To bear toward the person speaking, or the person or thing from whose point of view the action is contemplated; to go and bring; to get.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Time will run back and <i>fetch</i> the age of gold.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>He called to her, and said, <i>Fetch</i> me, I pray thee, a little water in a vessel, that I may drink. And as she was going to <i>fetch</i> it he called to her, and said, Bring me, I pray thee, a morsel of bred in thine hand.</blockquote> <i>1 Kings xvii. 11, 12.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To obtain as price or equivalent; to sell for.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Our native horses were held in small esteem, and <i>fetched</i> low prices.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To recall from a swoon; to revive; — sometimes with <i>to</i>; as, to <i>fetch</i> a man to.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Fetching</i> men again when they swoon.</blockquote> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To reduce; to throw.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The sudden trip in wrestling that <i>fetches</i> a man to the ground.</blockquote> <i>South.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>To bring to accomplishment; to achieve; to make; to perform, with certain objects; as, to <i>fetch</i> a compass; to <i>fetch</i> a leap; to <i>fetch</i> a sigh.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I'll <i>fetch</i> a turn about the garden.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>He <i>fetches</i> his blow quick and sure.</blockquote> <i>South.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>To bring or get within reach by going; to reach; to arrive at; to attain; to reach by sailing.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Meantine flew our ships, and straight we <i>fetched</i><BR> The siren's isle.</blockquote> <i>Chapman.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <def>To cause to come; to bring to a particular state.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>They could n't <i>fetch</i> the butter in the churn.</blockquote> <i>W. Barnes.</i></p>

<p><col><b>To fetch a compass</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>to make a sircuit; to take a circuitious route going to a place.</cd> — <col><b>To fetch a pump</b></col>, <cd>to make it draw water by pouring water into the top and working the handle.</cd> — <col><b>To fetch</b></col> <col><b>headway or sternway</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>to move ahead or astern.</cd> — <col><b>To fetch out</b></col>, <cd>to develop.</cd> "The skill of the polisher <i>fetches out</i> the colors [of marble]" <i>Addison.</i> — <col><b>To fetch up</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>To overtake.</cd> [Obs.] "Says [the hare], I can <i>fetch up</i> the tortoise when I please." <i>L'Estrange.</i> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>To stop suddenly.</cd></p>

<p><hw>fetch</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To bring one's self; to make headway; to veer; as, to <i>fetch</i> about; to <i>fetch</i> to windward.</def> <i>Totten.</i></p>

<p><col><b>To fetch away</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>to break loose; to roll slide to leeward.</cd> — <col><b>To fetch and carry</b></col>, <cd>to serve obsequiously, like a trained spaniel.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fetch</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A stratagem by which a thing is indirectly brought to pass, or by which one thing seems intended and another is done; a trick; an artifice.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Every little <i>fetch</i> of wit and criticism.</blockquote> <i>South.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The apparation of a living person; a wraith.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The very <i>fetch</i> and ghost of Mrs. Gamp.</blockquote> <i>Dickens.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Fetch candle</b></col>, <cd>a light seen at night, superstitiously believed to portend a person's death.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fetch"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who fetches or brings.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fete</hw> (f&emacr;t), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>feat</u>.] <def>A feat.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fete</hw>, <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [See <u>Foot</u>.] <def>Feet.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>||F&ecirc;te</hw> (f&asl;t), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. See <u>Feast</u>.] <def>A festival.</def></p>

<p><col><b>F&ecirc;te champ&ecirc;tre</b></col> (&?;) [F.], <cd>a festival or entertainment in the open air; a rural festival.</cd></p>

<p><hw>F&ecirc;te</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>F&ecirc;ted</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>F&ecirc;ting</u>.] [Cf. F. <i>f&ecirc;ter</i>.] <def>To feast; to honor with a festival.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Fe"tich</hw>, <hw>Fe"tish</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> }[F. <i>f&eacute;tiche</i>, from Pg. <i>feiti&ccedil;o</i>, adj., <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, sorcery, charm, fr. L. <i>facticius</i> made by art, artifical, factitious. See <u>Factitious</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A material object supposed among certain African tribes to represent in such a way, or to be so connected with, a supernatural being, that the possession of it gives to the possessor power to control that being.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Any object to which one is excessively devoted.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>fe"tich*ism</hw>, <hw>Fe"tish*ism</hw> (? or ?); 277), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> }[Cf. F. <i>f&eacute;tichisme</i>.] [Written also <i>feticism</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The doctrine or practice of belief in fetiches.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Excessive devotion to one object or one idea; abject superstition; blind adoration.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The real and absolute worship of fire falls into two great divisions, the first belonging rather to <i>fetichism</i>, the second to polytheism proper.</blockquote> <i>Tylor.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Fe"tich*ist</hw>, <hw>Fe"tish*ist</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> } <def>A believer in fetiches.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He was by nature a <i>fetichist</i>.</blockquote> <i>H. Holbeach.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Fe`tich*is"tic</hw> (?), <hw>Fe`tish*is"tic</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>} <def>Pertaining to, or involving, fetichism.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A man of the fifteenth century, inheriting its strange web of belief and unbelief, of epicurean levity and <i>fetichistic</i> dread.</blockquote> <i>G. Eliot.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fe"ti*cide</hw> (? or ?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Written also <i>f&oelig;ticide</i>.] [<i>Fetus</i> + L. <i>caedere</i> to kill.] <i>(Med. & Law)</i> <def>The act of killing the fetus in the womb; the offense of procuring an abortion.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fe"ti*cism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Fetichism</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fet"id</hw> (? or ?; 277), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>fetidus</i>, <i>foetidus</i>, fr. <i>fetere</i>, <i>foetere</i>, to have an ill smell, to stink: cf. F. <i>f&eacute;tide</i>.] <def>Having an offensive smell; stinking.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Most putrefactions . . . smell either <i>fetid</i> or moldy.</blockquote> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fet*id"i*ty</hw> (? or ?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Fetidness.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fet"id*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality or state of being fetid.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fe*tif"er*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Fetus</i> + <i>-ferous</i>.] <def>Producing young, as animals.</def></p>

<p><! p. 555 !></p>

<p><hw>Fe"tis</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [OF. <i>fetis</i>, <i>faitis</i>. Cf. <u>Factitious</u>.] <def>Neat; pretty; well made; graceful.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Full <i>fetis</i> was her cloak, as I was ware.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fe"tise*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>Neatly; gracefully; properly.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fe"tish</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, <hw>Fe"tish*ism</hw> (&?; or &?;; 277), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, <hw>Fe`tish*is"tic</hw> (&?;), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Fetich</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, <u>Fetichism</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, <u>Fetichistic</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos></def></p>

<p><hw>Fet"lock</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>fetlak</i>, <i>fitlock</i>, cf. Icel. <i>fet</i> pace, step, <i>fit</i> webbed foot of water birds, akin to E. <i>foot</i>. &radic;77. See <u>Foot</u>.] <def>The cushionlike projection, bearing a tuft of long hair, on the back side of the leg above the hoof of the horse and similar animals. Also, the joint of the limb at this point (between the great pastern bone and the metacarpus), or the tuft of hair.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Their wounded steeds<BR> Fret <i>fetlock</i> deep in gore.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fe"tor</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>fetor</i>, <i>foetor</i>. See <u>Fetid</u>.] <def>A strong, offensive smell; stench; fetidness.</def> <i>Arbuthnot.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fet"te</hw> (? or ?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp.</i></pos> <u>Fette</u>, <pos><i>p. p.</i></pos> <u>Fet</u>.] [See <u>Fet</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>] <def>To fetch.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fet"ter</hw> (f&ebreve;t"t&etilde;r), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>fetor</i>, <i>feter</i>; akin to OS. <i>feter&omacr;s</i>, pl., OD. <i>veter</i>, OHG. <i>fezzera</i>, Icel. <i>fj&ouml;turr</i>, L. <i>pedica</i>, Gr. <grk>pe`dh</grk>, and to E. <i>foot</i>. &radic; 77. See <u>Foot</u>.] [Chiefly used in the plural, <plw><b>fetters</b></plw>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A chain or shackle for the feet; a chain by which an animal is confined by the foot, either made fast or disabled from free and rapid motion; a bond; a shackle.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>[They] bound him with <i>fetters</i> of brass.</blockquote> <i>Judg. xvi. 21.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Anything that confines or restrains; a restraint.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Passion's too fierce to be in <i>fetters</i> bound.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fet"ter</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Fettered</u> (&?;); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Fettering</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To put fetters upon; to shackle or confine the feet of with a chain; to bind.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>My heels are <i>fettered</i>, but my fist is free.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To restrain from motion; to impose restraints on; to confine; to enchain; as, <i>fettered</i> by obligations.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>My conscience! thou art <i>fettered</i><BR> More than my shanks and wrists.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fet"tered</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Seeming as if fettered, as the feet of certain animals which bend backward, and appear unfit for walking.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fet"ter*er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who fetters.</def> <i>Landor.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fet"ter*less</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Free from fetters.</def> <i>Marston.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fet"tle</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [OE. & Prov. E., to fettle (in sense 1), <i>fettle</i>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, order, repair, preparation, dress; prob. akin to E. <i>fit</i>. See <u>Fit</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To repair; to prepare; to put in order.</def> [Prov. Eng.] <i>Carlyle.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Metal.)</i> <def>To cover or line with a mixture of ore, cinders, etc., as the hearth of a puddling furnace.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fet"tle</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To make preparations; to put things in order; to do trifling business.</def> [Prov. Eng.] <i>Bp. Hall.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fet"tle</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The act of fettling.</def> [Prov. Eng.] <i>Wright.</i></p>

<p><col><b>In fine fettle</b></col>, <cd>in good spirits.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fet"tling</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Metal.)</i> <def>A mixture of ore, cinders, etc., used to line the hearth of a puddling furnace.</def> [Eng.] [It is commonly called <i>fix</i> in the United States.]</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Pottery)</i> <def>The operation of shaving or smoothing the surface of undried clay ware.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fet"u*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Neat; feat.</def> [Obs.] <i>Herrick.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fe"tus</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Fetuses</b></plw> (#). [L. <i>fetus</i>, <i>foetus</i>, a bringing forth, brood, offspring, young ones, cf. <i>fetus</i> fruitful, fructified, that is or was filled with young; akin to E. <i>fawn</i> a deer, <i>fecundity</i>, <i>felicity</i>, <i>feminine</i>, <i>female</i>, and prob. to <i>do</i>, or according to others, to <i>be</i>.] <def>The young or embryo of an animal in the womb, or in the egg; often restricted to the later stages in the development of viviparous and oviparous animals, <i>embryo</i> being applied to the earlier stages.</def> [Written also <i>f&oelig;tus</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>||Fet"wah</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Ar.] <def>A written decision of a Turkish mufti on some point of law.</def> <i>Whitworth.</i></p>

<p><hw>Feu</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See 2d <u>Feud</u>, and <u>Fee</u>.] <i>(Scots Law)</i> <def>A free and gratuitous right to lands made to one for service to be performed by him; a tenure where the vassal, in place of military services, makes a return in grain or in money.</def> <i>Burrill.</i></p>

<p><hw>Feu"ar</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From Feu.] <i>(Scots Law)</i> <def>One who holds a feu.</def> <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><hw>Feud</hw> (f&umacr;d), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>feide</i>, AS. <i>f&aemacr;h&eth;</i>, fr. <i>f&amacr;h</i> hostile; akin to OHG. <i>f&emacr;hida</i>, G. <i>fehde</i>, Sw. <i>fejd</i>, D. <i>feide</i>; prob. akin to E. <i>fiend</i>. See Foe.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A combination of kindred to avenge injuries or affronts, done or offered to any of their blood, on the offender and all his race.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A contention or quarrel; especially, an inveterate strife between families, clans, or parties; deadly hatred; contention satisfied only by bloodshed.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Mutual <i>feuds</i> and battles betwixt their several tribes and kindreds.</blockquote> <i>Purchas.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Affray; fray; broil; contest; dispute; strife.</p>

<p><hw>Feud</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [LL. <i>feudum</i>, <i>feodum</i> prob. of same origin as E. <i>fief</i>. See <u>Fief</u>, <u>Fee</u>.] <i>(Law)</i> <def>A stipendiary estate in land, held of superior, by service; the right which a vassal or tenant had to the lands or other immovable thing of his lord, to use the same and take the profists thereof hereditarily, rendering to his superior such duties and services as belong to military tenure, etc., the property of the soil always remaining in the lord or superior; a fief; a fee.</def></p>

<p><hw>Feu"dal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [F. <i>f&eacute;odal</i>, or LL. <i>feudalis</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Of or pertaining to feuds, fiefs, or feels; as, <i>feudal</i> rights or services; <i>feudal</i> tenures.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Consisting of, or founded upon, feuds or fiefs; embracing tenures by military services; as, the <i>feudal</i> system.</def></p>

<p><hw>Feu"dal*ism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>f&eacute;odalisme</i>.] <def>The feudal system; a system by which the holding of estates in land is made dependent upon an obligation to render military service to the kind or feudal superior; feudal principles and usages.</def></p>

<p><hw>Feu"dal*ist</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>An upholder of feudalism.</def></p>

<p><hw>Feu*dal"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>f&eacute;odalit&eacute;</i>.] <def>The state or quality of being feudal; feudal form or constitution.</def> <i>Burke.</i></p>

<p><hw>Feu`dal*i*za"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The act of reducing to feudal tenure.</def></p>

<p><hw>Feu"dal*ize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Feudalized</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Feudalizing</u> (?).] <def>To reduce to a feudal tenure; to conform to feudalism.</def></p>

<p><hw>Feu"dal*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a feudal manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Feu"da*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [LL. <i>feudarius</i>, fr. <i>feudum</i>. See 2d <u>Feud</u>.] <def>Held by, or pertaining to, feudal tenure.</def></p>

<p><hw>Feu"da*ry</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A tenant who holds his lands by feudal service; a feudatory.</def> <i>Foxe.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A feodary. See <u>Feodary</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Feu"da*ta*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>a. & n.</i></pos> [LL. <i>feudatarius</i>: cf. F. <i>feudataire</i>.] <def>See <u>Feudatory</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Feu"da*to*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Feudatories</b></plw> (&?;). <def>A tenant or vassal who held his lands of a superior on condition of feudal service; the tenant of a feud or fief.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The grantee . . . was styled the <i>feudatory</i> or vassal.</blockquote> <i>Blackstone.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>[He] had for <i>feudatories</i> great princes.</blockquote> <i>J. H. Newman.</i></p>

<p><hw>Feu"da*to*ry</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Held from another on some conditional tenure; as, a <i>feudatory</i> title.</def> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Feu` de joie"</hw> (?). [F., lit., fire of joy.] <def>A fire kindled in a public place in token of joy; a bonfire; a firing of guns in token of joy.</def></p>

<p><hw>Feud"ist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>feudiste</i>.] <def>A writer on feuds; a person versed in feudal law.</def> <i>Spelman.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Feu`illants"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> <def>A reformed branch of the Bernardines, founded in 1577 at <i>Feuillans</i>, near Toulouse, in France.</def></p>

<p><hw>Feuille"mort`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [F. <i>feuille morte</i> a dead leaf.] <def>Having the color of a faded leaf.</def> <i>Locke.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Feu`ille*ton"</hw> (? or ?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., from <i>feulle</i> leaf.] <def>A part of a French newspaper (usually the bottom of the page), devoted to light literature, criticism, etc.; also, the article or tale itself, thus printed.</def></p>

<p><hw>Feuill"ton*ist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>feuilletoniste</i>.] <def>A writer of feuilletons.</def> <i>F. Harrison.</i></p>

<p><hw>feu"ter</hw> (&?;), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [OE. <i>feutre</i> rest for a lance, OF. <i>feutre</i>, <i>fautre</i>, <i>feltre</i>, felt, cushion, rest for a lance, fr. LL. <i>filtrum</i>, <i>feltrum</i>; of German origin, and akin to E. <i>felt</i>. See <u>Felt</u>, and cf. <u>Filter</u>.] <def>To set close; to fix in rest, as a spear.</def> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Feu"ter*er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Either fr. G. <i>f&uuml;tterer</i> feeder, or corrupted fr. OF. <i>vautrier</i>, <i>vaultrier</i>; fr. vaultre, viautre, a kind of hound, fr. L. <i>vertragus</i>, <i>vertraga</i>, a greyhound. The last is of Celtic origin.] <def>A dog keeper.</def> [Obs.] <i>Massinger.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fe"ver</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>fever</i>, <i>fefer</i>, AS. <i>fefer</i>, <i>fefor</i>, L. <i>febris</i>: cf. F. <i>fi&egrave;vre</i>. Cf. <u>Febrile</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>A diseased state of the system, marked by increased heat, acceleration of the pulse, and a general derangement of the functions, including usually, thirst and loss of appetite. Many diseases, of which fever is the most prominent symptom, are denominated <i>fevers</i>; as, typhoid <i>fever</i>; yellow <i>fever</i>.</def></p>

<p>&fist; <i>Remitting</i> fevers subside or abate at intervals; <i>intermitting</i> fevers intermit or entirely cease at intervals; <i>continued</i> or <i>continual</i> fevers neither remit nor intermit.</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Excessive excitement of the passions in consequence of strong emotion; a condition of great excitement; as, this quarrel has set my blood in a <i>fever</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>An envious <i>fever</i><BR> Of pale and bloodless emulation.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>After life's fitful <i>fever</i> he sleeps well.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Brain fever</b></col>, <col><b>Continued fever</b></col>, <cd>etc. See under <u>Brain</u>, <u>Continued</u>, etc.</cd> — <col><b>Fever and ague</b></col>, <cd>a form of fever recurring in paroxysms which are preceded by chills. It is of malarial origin.</cd> — <col><b>Fever blister</b></col> <i>(Med.)</i>, <cd>a blister or vesicle often found about the mouth in febrile states; a variety of herpes.</cd> — <col><b>Fever bush</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>the wild allspice or spice bush. See <u>Spicewood</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Fever powder</b></col>. <cd>Same as <u>Jame's powder</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Fever root</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>an American herb of the genus <i>Triosteum</i> (<i>T. perfoliatum</i>); — called also <i>feverwort</i> amd <i>horse gentian</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Fever sore</b></col>, <cd>a carious ulcer or necrosis.</cd> <i>Miner.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fe"ver</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Fevered</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Fevering</u>.] <def>To put into a fever; to affect with fever; as, a <i>fevered</i> lip.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>The white hand of a lady <i>fever</i> thee.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fe"ver*et</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A slight fever.</def> [Obs.] <i>Ayliffe.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fe"ver*few</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>feferfuge</i>, fr. L. <i>febrifugia</i>. See <u>fever</u>, <u>Fugitive</u>, and cf. <u>Febrifuge</u>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A perennial plant (<i>Pyrethrum, or Chrysanthemum, Parthenium</i>) allied to camomile, having finely divided leaves and white blossoms; — so named from its supposed febrifugal qualities.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fe"ver*ish</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Having a fever; suffering from, or affected with, a moderate degree of fever; showing increased heat and thirst; as, the patient is <i>feverish</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Indicating, or pertaining to, fever; characteristic of a fever; as, <i>feverish</i> symptoms.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Hot; sultry.</def> "The <i>feverish</i> north." <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Disordered as by fever; excited; restless; as, the <i>feverish</i> condition of the commercial world.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Strive to keep up a frail and <i>feverish</i> bing.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p>— <wf>Fe"ver*ish*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Fe"ver*ish*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Fe"ver*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf.F. <i>fi&eacute;vreux</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Affected with fever or ague; feverish.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>His heart, love's <i>feverous</i> citadel.</blockquote> <i>Keats.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Pertaining to, or having the nature of, fever; as, a <i>feverous</i> pulse.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>All maladies . . . all <i>feverous</i> kinds.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Having the tendency to produce fever; as, a <i>feverous</i> disposition of the year.</def> [R.] <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fe"ver*ous*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>Feverishly.</def> [Obs.] <i>Donne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fe"ver*wort`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <i>Fever root</i>, under <u>Fever</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fe"ver*y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Feverish.</def> [Obs.] <i>B. Jonson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Few</hw> (f&umacr;), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<pos><i>Compar.</i></pos> <u>Fewer</u> (?); <pos><i>superl.</i></pos> <u>Fewest</u>.] [OE. <i>fewe</i>, <i>feawe</i>, AS. <i>fe&aacute;</i>, pl. <i>fe&aacute;we</i>; akin to OS. <i>f&amacr;h</i>, OHG. <i>f&omacr;</i> <i>fao</i>, Icel. <i>f&amacr;r</i>, Sw. <i>f&aring;</i>, pl., Dan. <i>faa</i>, pl., Goth. <i>faus</i>, L. <i>paucus</i>, cf. Gr. <grk>pay^ros</grk>. Cf. <u>Paucity</u>.] <def>Not many; small, limited, or confined in number; — indicating a small portion of units or individuals constituing a whole; often, by ellipsis of a noun, a few people.</def> "Are not my days <i>few</i>?" <i>Job x. 20.</i></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Few</i> know and <i>fewer</i> care.</blockquote> <i>Proverb.</i></p>

<p>&fist; <i>Few</i> is often used partitively; as, <i>few</i> of them.</p>

<p><col><b>A few</b></col>, <cd>a small number.</cd> — <col><b>In few</b></col>, <cd>in a few words; briefly.</cd> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p>— <col><b>No few</b></col>, <cd>not few; more than a few; many.</cd> <i>Cowper.</i></p>

<p>— <col><b>The few</b></col>, <cd>the minority; — opposed to <i>the many</i> or <i>the majority</i>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fe"wel</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Fuel</u>.] <def>Fuel.</def> [Obs.] <i>Hooker.</i></p>

<p><hw>Few"met</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Fumet</u>.</def> [Obs.] <i>B. Jonson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Few"ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The state of being few; smallness of number; paucity.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Brevity; conciseness.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fey</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [AS. <i>f&?;ga</i>, Icel. <i>feigr</i>, OHG. <i>feigi</i>.] <def>Fated; doomed.</def> [Old Eng. & Scot.]</p>

<p><hw>Fey</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Fay</u> faith.] <def>Faith.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fey</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [Cf. <u>Feague</u>.] <def>To cleanse; to clean out.</def> [Obs.] <i>Tusser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Feyne</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To feign.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Feyre</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A fair or market.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fez</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., fr. the town of <i>Fez</i> in Morocco.] <def>A felt or cloth cap, usually red and having a tassel, — a variety of the tarboosh. See <u>Tarboosh</u>.</def> <i>B. Taylor.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Fia"cre</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F.] <def>A kind of French hackney coach.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fi"ance</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [F. <i>fiancer</i>. See <u>Affiance</u>.] <def>To betroth; to affiance.</def> [Obs.] <i>Harmar.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Fi`an`c&eacute;"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F.] <def>A betrothed man.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Fi`an`c&eacute;e"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F.] <def>A betrothed woman.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fi"ants</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>fiente</i> dung.] <def>The dung of the fox, wolf, boar, or badger.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fi"ar</hw> (? or ?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Feuar</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Scots Law)</i> <def>One in whom the property of an estate is vested, subject to the estate of a life renter.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I am <i>fiar</i> of the lands; she a life renter.</blockquote> <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>pl.</i> <def>The price of grain, as legally fixed, in the counties of Scotland, for the current year.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Fi*as"co</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Fiascoes</b></plw> (#). [It.] <def>A complete or ridiculous failure, esp. of a musical performance, or of any pretentious undertaking.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fi"at</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., let it be done, 3d pers. sing., subj. pres., fr. <i>fieri</i>, used as pass. of <i>facere</i> to make. Cf. <u>Be</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>An authoritative command or order to do something; an effectual decree.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>His <i>fiat</i> laid the corner stone.</blockquote> <i>Willis.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Eng. Law)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A warrant of a judge for certain processes.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>An authority for certain proceedings given by the Lord Chancellor's signature.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Fiat money</b></col>, <cd>irredeemable paper currency, not resting on a specie basis, but deriving its purchasing power from the declaratory fiat of the government issuing it.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fi*aunt"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Commission; fiat; order; decree.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fib</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Prob. fr. <i>fable</i>; cf. Prov. E. <i>fibble-fabble</i> nonsense.] <def>A falsehood; a lie; — used euphemistically.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>They are very serious; they don't tell <i>fibs</i>.</blockquote> <i>H. James.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fib</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Fibbed</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Fibbing</u> (?).] <def>To speak falsely.</def> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><hw>Fib</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To tell a fib to.</def> [R.] <i>De Quincey.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fib"ber</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who tells fibs.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Fi"ber</hw>, <hw>Fi"bre</hw> }, (&?;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>fibre</i>, L. <i>fibra</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One of the delicate, threadlike portions of which the tissues of plants and animals are in part constituted; as, the <i>fiber</i> of flax or of muscle.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Any fine, slender thread, or threadlike substance; as, a <i>fiber</i> of spun glass; especially, one of the slender rootlets of a plant.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Sinew; strength; toughness; as, a man of real <i>fiber</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Yet had no <i>fibers</i> in him, nor no force.</blockquote> <i>Chapman.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>A general name for the raw material, such as cotton, flax, hemp, etc., used in textile manufactures.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Fiber gun</b></col>, <cd>a kind of steam gun for converting, wood, straw, etc., into fiber. The material is shut up in the gun with steam, air, or gas at a very high pressure which is afterward relieved suddenly by letting a lid at the muzzle fly open, when the rapid expansion separates the fibers.</cd> — <col><b>Fiber plants</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>plants capable of yielding fiber useful in the arts, as hemp, flax, ramie, agave, etc.</cd></p>

<p>{ <hw>Fi"bered</hw>, <hw>Fi"bred</hw> } (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having fibers; made up of fibers.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Fi"ber-faced`</hw>, <hw>Fi"bre-faced`</hw> } (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having a visible fiber embodied in the surface of; — applied esp. to a kind of paper for checks, drafts, etc.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Fi"ber*less</hw>, <hw>Fi"bre*less</hw> }, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having no fibers; destitute of fibers or fiber.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fi"bri*form</hw> (? or ?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>fibra</i> a fiber + <i>-form</i>.] <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>Having the form of a fiber or fibers; resembling a fiber.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fi"bril</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>fibrille</i>, dim. of <i>fibre</i>, L. <i>fibra</i>.] <def>A small fiber; the branch of a fiber; a very slender thread; a fibrilla.</def> <i>Cheyne.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Fi*bril"la</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Fibrill&AElig;</b></plw> (#). [NL. See <u>Fibril</u>.] <def>A minute thread or fiber, as one of the fibrous elements of a muscular fiber; a fibril.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fi"bril*lar</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to fibrils or fibers; as, <i>fibrillar</i> twitchings.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fi"bril*la*ry</hw> (? or ?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of of pertaining to fibrils.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fi"bril*la`ted</hw> (? or ?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Furnished with fibrils; fringed.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fi`bril*la"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The state of being reduced to fibers.</def> <i>Carpenter.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fi*bril"lose</hw> (? or ?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Covered with hairlike appendages, as the under surface of some lichens; also, composed of little strings or fibers; as, <i>fibrillose</i> appendages.</def></p>

<p><! p. 556 !></p>

<p><hw>Fi*bril"lous</hw> (? or ?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>fibraleux</i>.] <def>Pertaining to, or composed of, fibers.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fi"brin</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>fibrine</i>. See <u>Fiber</u>.] <i>(Physiol. Chem.)</i> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A white, albuminous, fibrous substance, formed in the coagulation of the blood either by decomposition of fibrinogen, or from the union of fibrinogen and paraglobulin which exist separately in the blood. It is insoluble in water, but is readily digestible in gastric and pancreatic juice.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The white, albuminous mass remaining after washing lean beef or other meat with water until all coloring matter is removed; the fibrous portion of the muscle tissue; flesh fibrin.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>An albuminous body, resembling animal fibrin in composition, found in cereal grains and similar seeds; vegetable fibrin.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Fibrin factors</b></col> <i>(Physiol.)</i>, <cd>the albuminous bodies, paraglobulin and fibrinigen in the blood, which, by the action of the fibrin ferment, are changed into fibrin, in coagulation.</cd> — <col><b>Fibrin ferment</b></col> <i>(Physiol. Chem.)</i>, <cd>a ferment which makes its appearance in the blood shortly after it is shed, and is supposed to be the active agent in causing coagulation of the blood, with formation of fibrin.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fi`bri*na"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>The state of acquiring or having an excess of fibrin.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fi"brine</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Belonging to the fibers of plants.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fi*brin"o*gen</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Fibrin</i> + <i>-gen</i>.] <i>(Physiol. Chem.)</i> <def>An albuminous substance existing in the blood, and in other animal fluids, which either alone or with fibrinoplastin or paraglobulin forms fibrin, and thus causes coagulation.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fi`bri*nog"e*nous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Physiol. Chem.)</i> <def>Possessed of properties similar to fibrinogen; capable of forming fibrin.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fi`bri*no*plas"tic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Physiol.Chem.)</i> <def>Like fibrinoplastin; capable of forming fibrin when brought in contact with fibrinogen.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fi`bri*no*plas"tin</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Fibrin</i> + Gr. &?; to form, mold.] <i>(Physiol.Chem.)</i> <def>An albuminous substance, existing in the blood, which in combination with fibrinogen forms fibrin; — called also <i>paraglobulin</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fi"bri*nous</hw> (? or ?; 277), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having, or partaking of the properties of, fibrin; as, <i>fibrious</i> exudation.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fi`bro*car"ti*lage</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>fibra</i> a fiber + E. <i>cartilage</i>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>A kind of cartilage with a fibrous matrix and approaching fibrous connective tissue in structure.</def> — <wf>Fi`bro*car`ti*lag"i*nous</wf> (#), <pos><i>a.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Fi`bro*chon*dros"te*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>fibra</i> a fiber + gr. &?; cartilage + &?; bone.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Partly fibrous, partly cartilaginous, and partly osseous.</def> <i>St. George Mivart.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fi"broid</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>fibra</i> a fiber + <i>-oid</i>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Resembling or forming fibrous tissue; made up of fibers; as, <i>fibroid</i> tumors.</def> - - <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A fibroid tumor; a fibroma.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Fibroid degeneration</b></col>, <cd>a form of degeneration in which organs or tissues are converted into fibroid tissue.</cd> — <col><b>Fibroid phthists</b></col>, <cd>a form of pulmonary consumption associated with the formation of fibrous tissue in the lungs, and the gradual atrophy of the lungs, from the pressure due to the contraction of this tissue.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fi"bro*in</hw> (? or ?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>fibra</i> a fiber.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A variety of gelatin; the chief ingredient of raw silk, extracted as a white amorphous mass.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fi"bro*lite</hw> (? or ?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>fibra</i> a fiber + <i>-lite</i>: cf. F. <i>fibrolithe</i>.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>A silicate of alumina, of fibrous or columnar structure. It is like andalusite in composition; — called also <i>sillimanite</i>, and <i>bucholizite</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Fi*bro"ma</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Fiber</u>, and <u>-oma</u>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>A tumor consisting mainly of fibrous tissue, or of same modification of such tissue.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Fi`bro*spon"gi*&aelig;</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr. L. <i>fibra</i> a fiber + <i>spongia</i> a sponge.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>An order of sponges having a fibrous skeleton, including the commercial sponges.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fi"brous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>fibreux</i>.] <def>Containing, or consisting of, fibers; as, the <i>fibrous</i> coat of the cocoanut; the <i>fibrous</i> roots of grasses.</def> — <wf>Fi"brous*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Fi`bro*vas"cu*lar</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>fibra</i> a fiber + E. <i>vascular</i>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Containing woody fiber and ducts, as the stems of all flowering plants and ferns; — opposed to <i>cellular</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fib"ster</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who tells fibs.</def> [Jocular]</p>

<p><hw>||Fib"u*la</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Fibul&AElig;</b></plw> (#). [L., clasp, buckle.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A brooch, clasp, or buckle.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Mere <i>fibul&aelig;</i>, without a robe to clasp.</blockquote> <i>Wordsworth.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>The outer and usually the smaller of the two bones of the leg, or hind limb, below the knee.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Surg.)</i> <def>A needle for sewing up wounds.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fib"u-lar</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pertaining to the fibula.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Fib`u*la"re</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Fibularia</b></plw> (#). [NL. See <u>Fibula</u>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>The bone or cartilage of the tarsus, which articulates with the fibula, and corresponds to the calcaneum in man and most mammals.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fice</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A small dog; — written also <i>fise</i>, <i>fyce</i>, <i>fiste</i>, etc.</def> [Southern U.S.]</p>

<p><hw>Fi*ch&eacute;</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Her.)</i> <def>See <u>Fitch&Eacute;</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fich"tel*ite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Min.)</i> <def>A white crystallized mineral resin from the Fichtelgebirge, Bavaria.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fich"u</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., neckerchief.] <def>A light cape, usually of lace, worn by women, to cover the neck and throat, and extending to the shoulders.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fic"kle</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [OE. <i>fikel</i> untrustworthy, deceitful, AS. <i>ficol</i>, fr. <i>fic</i>, <i>gefic</i>, fraud, deceit; cf. <i>f&amacr;cen</i> deceit, OS. <i>f&?;kn</i>, OHG. <i>feichan</i>, Icel. <i>feikn</i> portent. Cf. <u>Fidget</u>.] <def>Not fixed or firm; liable to change; unstable; of a changeable mind; not firm in opinion or purpose; inconstant; capricious; as, Fortune's <i>fickle</i> wheel.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>They know how <i>fickle</i> common lovers are.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Wavering; irresolute; unsettled; vacillating; unstable; inconsonant; unsteady; variable; mutable; changeful; capricious; veering; shifting.</p>

<p><hw>Fic"kle*ness</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality of being fickle; instability; inconsonancy.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fic"kly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a fickle manner.</def> [Obs.] <i>Pepys.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Fi"co</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Ficoes</b></plw> (#). [It., a fig, fr. L. <i>ficus</i>. See <u>Fig</u>.] <def>A fig; an insignificant trifle, no more than the snap of one's thumb; a sign of contempt made by the fingers, expressing. <i>A fig for you</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Steal! foh, a <i>fico</i> for the phrase.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fic"tile</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>fictilis</i>. See <u>Fiction</u>.] <def>Molded, or capable of being molded, into form by art; relating to pottery or to molding in any soft material.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Fictile</i> earth is more fragile than crude earth.</blockquote> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The earliest specimens of Italian <i>fictile</i> art.</blockquote> <i>C. Wordsworth.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Fictile ware</b></col>, <cd>ware made of any material which is molded or shaped while soft; hence, pottery of any sort.</cd></p>

<p>— <wf>Fic"tile*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> — <wf>Fic*til"i*ty</wf> (#), <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Fic"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>fiction</i>, L. <i>fictio</i>, fr. <i>fingere</i>, <i>fictum</i> to form, shape, invent, feign. See <u>Feign</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of feigning, inventing, or imagining; as, by a mere <i>fiction</i> of the mind.</def> <i>Bp. Stillingfleet.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>That which is feigned, invented, or imagined; especially, a feigned or invented story, whether oral or written. Hence: A story told in order to deceive; a fabrication; — opposed to <i>fact</i>, or <i>reality</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>fiction</i> of those golden apples kept by a dragon.</blockquote> <i>Sir W. Raleigh.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>When it could no longer be denied that her flight had been voluntary, numerous <i>fictions</i> were invented to account for it.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Fictitious literature; comprehensively, all works of imagination; specifically, novels and romances.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The office of <i>fiction</i> as a vehicle of instruction and moral elevation has been recognized by most if not all great educators.</blockquote> <i>Dict. of Education.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Law)</i> <def>An assumption of a possible thing as a fact, irrespective of the question of its truth.</def> <i>Wharton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>Any like assumption made for convenience, as for passing more rapidly over what is not disputed, and arriving at points really at issue.</def></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Fabrication; invention; fable; falsehood. — <u>Fiction</u>, <u>Fabrication</u>. <i>Fiction</i> is opposed to what is real; <i>fabrication</i> to what is true. <i>Fiction</i> is designed commonly to amuse, and sometimes to instruct; a <i>fabrication</i> is always intended to mislead and deceive. In the novels of Sir Walter Scott we have <i>fiction</i> of the highest order. The poems of Ossian, so called, were chiefly <i>fabrications</i> by Macpherson.</p>

<p><hw>Fic"tion*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pertaining to, or characterized by, fiction; fictitious; romantic.</def>"<i>Fictional</i> rather than historical." <i>Latham.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fic"tion*ist</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A writer of fiction.</def> [R.] <i>Lamb.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fic"tious</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Fictitious.</def> [R.] <i>Prior.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fic*ti"tious</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>fictitius</i>. See <u>Fiction</u>.] <def>Feigned; imaginary; not real; fabulous; counterfeit; false; not genuine; as, <i>fictitious</i> fame.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The human persons are as <i>fictitious</i> as the airy ones.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p>— <wf>Fic*ti"tious*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Fic*ti"tious*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Fic"tive</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>fictif</i>.] <def>Feigned; counterfeit.</def> "The fount of <i>fictive</i> tears." <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fic"tor</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L.] <def>An artist who models or forms statues and reliefs in any plastic material.</def> [R.] <i>Elmes.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Fi"cus</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., a fig.] <def>A genus of trees or shrubs, one species of which (<i>F. Carica</i>) produces the figs of commerce; the fig tree.</def></p>

<p>&fist; <i>Ficus Indica</i> is the banyan tree; <i>F. religiosa</i>, the peepul tree; <i>F. elastica</i>, the India-rubber tree.</p>

<p><hw>Fid</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Prov. E. <i>fid</i> a small, thick lump.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>A square bar of wood or iron, used to support the topmast, being passed through a hole or mortise at its heel, and resting on the trestle trees.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A wooden or metal bar or pin, used to support or steady anything.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A pin of hard wood, tapering to a point, used to open the strands of a rope in splicing.</def></p>

<p>&fist; There are <i>hand fids</i> and <i>standing fids</i> (which are larger than the others, and stand upon a flat base). An iron implement for this purpose is called a <i>marline spike</i>.</p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Mil.)</i> <def>A block of wood used in mounting and dismounting heavy guns.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fi*dal"go</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Pg. See <u>Hidalgo</u>.] <def>The lowest title of nobility in Portugal, corresponding to that of <i>Hidalgo</i> in Spain.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fid"dle</hw> (f&ibreve;d"d'l), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>fidele</i>, <i>fithele</i>, AS. <i>fi&eth;ele</i>; akin to D. <i>vedel</i>, OHG. <i>fidula</i>, G. <i>fiedel</i>, Icel. <i>fi&eth;la</i>, and perh. to E. <i>viol</i>. Cf. <u>Viol</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Mus.)</i> <def>A stringed instrument of music played with a bow; a violin; a kit.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A kind of dock (<i>Rumex pulcher</i>) with fiddle-shaped leaves; — called also <i>fiddle dock</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>A rack or frame of bars connected by strings, to keep table furniture in place on the cabin table in bad weather.</def> <i>Ham. Nav. Encyc.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Fiddle beetle</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a Japanese carabid beetle (<i>Damaster blaptoides</i>); — so called from the form of the body.</cd> — <col><b>Fiddle block</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>a long tackle block having two sheaves of different diameters in the same plane, instead of side by side as in a common double block.</cd> <i>Knight.</i> — <col><b>Fiddle bow</b></col>, <cd>fiddlestick.</cd> — <col><b>Fiddle fish</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the angel fish.</cd> — <col><b>Fiddle head</b></col>, <cd>an ornament on a ship's bow, curved like the volute or scroll at the head of a violin.</cd> — <col><b>Fiddle pattern</b></col>, <cd>a form of the handles of spoons, forks, etc., somewhat like a violin.</cd> — <col><b>Scotch fiddle</b></col>, the itch. (Low) — <col><b>To play</b></col> <col><b>first, or second</b></col>, <col><b>fiddle</b></col>, <cd>to take a leading or a subordinate part.</cd> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><hw>Fid"dle</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Fiddled</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Fiddling</u> (?).] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To play on a fiddle.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Themistocles . . . said he could not <i>fiddle</i>, but he could make a small town a great city.</blockquote> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To keep the hands and fingers actively moving as a fiddler does; to move the hands and fingers restlessy or in busy idleness; to trifle.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Talking, and <i>fiddling</i> with their hats and feathers.</blockquote> <i>Pepys.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fid"dle</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To play (a tune) on a fiddle.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fid"dle*dee*dee`</hw> (?), <pos><i>interj.</i></pos> <def>An exclamatory word or phrase, equivalent to <i>nonsense</i>!</def> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><hw>Fid"dle-fad`dle</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A trifle; trifling talk; nonsense.</def> [Colloq.] <i>Spectator.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fid"dle-fad`dle</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To talk nonsense.</def> [Colloq.] <i>Ford.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fid"dler</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>fi&eth;elere</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who plays on a fiddle or violin.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A burrowing crab of the genus <i>Gelasimus</i>, of many species. The male has one claw very much enlarged, and often holds it in a position similar to that in which a musician holds a fiddle, hence the name; — called also <i>calling crab</i>, <i>soldier crab</i>, and <i>fighting crab</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The common European sandpiper (<i>Tringoides hypoleucus</i>); — so called because it continually oscillates its body.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Fiddler crab</b></col>. <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <cd>See <u>Fiddler</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, 2.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fid"dle-shaped`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Inversely ovate, with a deep hollow on each side.</def> <i>Gray.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fid"dle*stick`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The bow, strung with horsehair, used in playing the fiddle; a fiddle bow.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fid"dle*string`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One of the catgut strings of a fiddle.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fid"dle*wood`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Corrupted fr. F. bois-<i>fid&egrave;le</i>, lit., faithful wood; — so called from its durability.] <def>The wood of several West Indian trees, mostly of the genus <i>Citharexylum</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fi`de*jus"sion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>fidejussio</i>, from <i>fidejubere</i> to be surety or bail; <i>fides</i> faith + <i>jubere</i> to order: cf. F. <i>fid&eacute;jussion</i>.] <i>(Civil Law)</i> <def>The act or state of being bound as surety for another; suretyship.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fi`de*jus"sor</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L.: cf. F. <i>fid&eacute;jusseur</i>.] <i>(Civil Law)</i> <def>A surety; one bound for another, conjointly with him; a guarantor.</def> <i>Blackstone.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fi*del"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>fidelitas</i>: cf. F. <i>fid&eacute;lit&eacute;</i>. See <u>Fealty</u>.] <def>Faithfulness; adherence to right; careful and exact observance of duty, or discharge of obligations.</def> Especially: <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>Adherence to a person or party to which one is bound; loyalty.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Whose courageous <i>fidelity</i> was proof to all danger.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The best security for the <i>fidelity</i> of men is to make interest coincide with duty.</blockquote> <i>A. Hamilton.</i></p>

<p><sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>Adherence to the marriage contract.</def> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <def>Adherence to truth; veracity; honesty.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The principal thing required in a witness is <i>fidelity</i>.</blockquote> <i>Hooker.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Faithfulness; honesty; integrity; faith; loyalty; fealty.</p>

<p><hw>||Fi"des</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., faith.] <i>(Roman Muth.)</i> <def>Faith personified as a goddess; the goddess of faith.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fidge</hw> (f&ibreve;j), <pos><i>n. & v. i.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Fidget</u>.</def> [R.] <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fidg"et</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Fidgeted</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Fodgeting</u>.] [From <u>Fidge</u>; cf. OE. <i>fiken</i> to fidget, to flatter, Icel. <i>fika</i> to hasten, Sw. <i>fika</i> to hunt after, AS. <i>befician</i> to deceive. Cf. <u>Fickle</u>.] <def>To move uneasily one way and the other; to move irregularly, or by fits and starts.</def> <i>Moore.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fidg"et</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Uneasiness; restlessness.</def> <i>Cowper.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>pl.</i> <def>A general nervous restlessness, manifested by incessant changes of position; dysphoria.</def> <i>Dunglison.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fidg"et*i*ness</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Quality of being fidgety.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fidg"et*y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Restless; uneasy.</def> <i>Lowell.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Fid"i*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., prob. fr. L. <i>fidus</i> trusty.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A genus of small beetles, of which one species (the grapevine Fidia, <i>F. longipes</i>) is very injurious to vines in America.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fi*dic"i*nal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>fidicinus</i>, fr. <i>fidicen</i>, <i>-inis</i>, a lute player.] <i>(Mus.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to a stringed instrument.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fi*du"cial</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>fiducia</i> trust, confidence; akin to <i>fides</i> faith. See <u>Faith</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Having faith or trust; confident; undoubting; firm.</def> "<i>Fiducial</i> reliance on the promises of God." <i>Hammond.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Having the nature of a trust; fiduciary; as, <i>fiducial</i> power.</def> <i>Spelman.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Fiducial edge</b></col> <i>(Astron. & Surv.)</i>, <cd>the straight edge of the alidade or ruler along which a straight line is to be drawn.</cd> — <col><b>Fiducial</b></col> <col><b>line or point</b></col> <i>(Math. & Physics.)</i>, <cd>a line or point of reference, as for setting a graduated circle or scale used for measurments.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fi*du"cial*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>With confidence.</def> <i>South.</i></p>

<p> <hw>Fi*du"ci*a*ry</hw> (? or ?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>fiduciarus</i>, fr. <i>fiducia</i>: cf. F. <i>fiduciaire</i>. See <u>Fiducial</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Involving confidence or trust; confident; undoubting; faithful; firm; as, in a <i>fiduciary</i> capacity.</def> "<i>Fiduciary</i> obedience." <i>Howell.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Holding, held, or founded, in trust.</def> <i>Spelman.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fi*du"ci*a*ry</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who holds a thing in trust for another; a trustee.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Instrumental to the conveying God's blessing upon those whose <i>fiduciaries</i> they are.</blockquote> <i>Jer. Taylor.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Theol.)</i> <def>One who depends for salvation on faith, without works; an Antinomian.</def> <i>Hammond.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fie</hw> (?), <pos><i>interj.</i></pos> [OE. <i>fi</i>; cf. D. <i>fif</i>. G. <i>pfui</i>, Icel. <i>f&?;</i>, Sw. & Dan. <i>fy</i>, F. <i>fi</i>, L. <i>fi</i>, <i>phy</i>.] <def>An exclamation denoting contempt or dislike. See <u>Fy</u>.</def> <i>Fuller.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fief</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>fief</i>; of German origin, and the same word as E. <i>fee</i>. See <u>Fee</u>, and cf. <u>Feud</u>, a tief.] <i>(Law)</i> <def>An estate held of a superior on condition of military service; a fee; a feud. See under <u>Benefice</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, 2.</def></p>

<p><! p. 557 !></p>

<p><hw>Field</hw> (f&emacr;ld), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>feld</i>, <i>fild</i>, AS. <i>feld</i>; akin to D. <i>veld</i>, G. <i>feld</i>, Sw. <i>f&auml;lt</i>, Dan. <i>felt</i>, Icel. <i>fold</i> field of grass, AS. <i>folde</i> earth, land, ground, OS. <i>folda</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Cleared land; land suitable for tillage or pasture; cultivated ground; the open country.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A piece of land of considerable size; esp., a piece inclosed for tillage or pasture.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Fields</i> which promise corn and wine.</blockquote> <i>Byron.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A place where a battle is fought; also, the battle itself.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>In this glorious and well-foughten <i>field</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>What though the <i>field</i> be lost?</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>An open space; an extent; an expanse.</def> Esp.: <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>Any blank space or ground on which figures are drawn or projected.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The space covered by an optical instrument at one view.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Without covering, save yon <i>field</i> of stars.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Ask of yonder argent <i>fields</i> above.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <i>(Her.)</i> <def>The whole surface of an escutcheon; also, so much of it is shown unconcealed by the different bearings upon it. See <i>Illust.</i> of <u>Fess</u>, where the <i>field</i> is represented as gules (red), while the <i>fess</i> is argent (silver).</def></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>An unresticted or favorable opportunity for action, operation, or achievement; province; room.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Afforded a clear <i>field</i> for moral experiments.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <def>A collective term for all the competitors in any outdoor contest or trial, or for all except the favorites in the betting.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>8.</b></sn> <i>(Baseball)</i> <def>That part of the grounds reserved for the players which is outside of the diamond; — called also <i>outfield</i>.</def></p>

<p>&fist; <i>Field</i> is often used adjectively in the sense of <i>belonging to</i>, or <i>used in</i>, <i>the fields</i>; especially with reference to the operations and equipments of an army during a campaign away from permanent camps and fortifications. In most cases such use of the word is sufficiently clear; as, <i>field</i> battery; <i>field</i> fortification; <i>field</i> gun; <i>field</i> hospital, etc. A <i>field</i> geologist, naturalist, etc., is one who makes investigations or collections out of doors. A survey uses a <i>field</i> book for recording <i>field</i> notes, <i>i.e.</i>, measurment, observations, etc., made in <i>field</i> work (outdoor operations). A farmer or planter employs <i>field</i> hands, and may use a <i>field</i> roller or a <i>field</i> derrick. <i>Field</i> sports are hunting, fishing, athletic games, etc.</p>

<p><col><b>Coal field</b></col> <i>(Geol.)</i> <cd>See under <u>Coal</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Field artillery</b></col>, <cd>light ordnance mounted on wheels, for the use of a marching army.</cd> — <col><b>Field basil</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>a plant of the Mint family (<i>Calamintha Acinos</i>); — called also <i>basil thyme</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Field colors</b></col> <i>(Mil.)</i>, <cd>small flags for marking out the positions for squadrons and battalions; camp colors.</cd> — <col><b>Field cricket</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a large European cricket (<i>Gryllus campestric</i>), remarkable for its loud notes.</cd> — <col><b>Field day</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>A day in the fields.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <i>(Mil.)</i> <cd>A day when troops are taken into the field for instruction in evolutions.</cd> <i>Farrow.</i> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <cd>A day of unusual exertion or display; a gala day.</cd> — <col><b>Field driver</b></col>, <cd>in New England, an officer charged with the driving of stray cattle to the pound.</cd> - - <col><b>Field duck</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the little bustard (<i>Otis tetrax</i>), found in Southern Europe.</cd> — <col><b>Field glass</b></col>. <i>(Optics)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>A binocular telescope of compact form; a lorgnette; a race glass.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>A small achromatic telescope, from 20 to 24 inches long, and having 3 to 6 draws.</cd> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <cd>See <i>Field lens</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Field lark</b></col>. <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>The skylark.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>The tree pipit.</cd> — <col><b>Field lens</b></col> <i>(Optics)</i>, <cd>that one of the two lenses forming the eyepiece of an astronomical telescope or compound microscope which is nearer the object glass; — called also <i>field glass</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Field madder</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>a plant (<i>Sherardia arvensis</i>) used in dyeing.</cd> — <col><b>Field marshal</b></col> <i>(Mil.)</i>, <cd>the highest military rank conferred in the British and other European armies.</cd> — <col><b>Field mouse</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a mouse inhabiting fields, as the campagnol and the deer mouse.</cd> See <u>Campagnol</u>, and <u>Deer mouse</u>. — <col><b>Field officer</b></col> <i>(Mil.)</i>, <cd>an officer above the rank of captain and below that of general.</cd> — <col><b>Field officer's court</b></col> <i>(U.S.Army)</i>, <cd>a court-martial consisting of one field officer empowered to try all cases, in time of war, subject to jurisdiction of garrison and regimental courts.</cd> <i>Farrow.</i> — <col><b>Field plover</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the black-bellied plover (<i>Charadrius squatarola</i>); also sometimes applied to the Bartramian sandpiper (<i>Bartramia longicauda</i>).</cd> — <col><b>Field spaniel</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a small spaniel used in hunting small game.</cd> — <col><b>Field sparrow</b></col>. <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>A small American sparrow (<i>Spizella pusilla</i>).</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>The hedge sparrow.</cd> [Eng.] — <col><b>Field staff</b></col>> <i>(Mil.)</i>, <cd>a staff formerly used by gunners to hold a lighted match for discharging a gun.</cd> — <col><b>Field vole</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the European meadow mouse.</cd> — <col><b>Field of ice</b></col>, <cd>a large body of floating ice; a pack.</cd> — <col><b>Field</b></col>, or <col><b>Field of view</b></col>, <cd>in a telescope or microscope, the entire space within which objects are seen.</cd> — <col><b>Field magnet</b></col>. <cd>see under <u>Magnet</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Magnetic field</b></col>. <cd>See <u>Magnetic</u>.</cd> — <col><b>To back the field</b></col>, or <col><b>To bet on the field</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Back</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos></cd> — <col><b>To keep the field</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <i>(Mil.)</i> <cd>To continue a campaign.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>To maintain one's ground against all comers.</cd> — <col><b>To</b></col> <col><b>lay, or back</b></col>, <col><b>against the field</b></col>, <cd>to bet on (a horse, etc.) against all comers.</cd> — <col><b>To take the field</b></col> <i>(Mil.)</i>, <cd>to enter upon a campaign.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Field</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Fielded</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Fielding</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To take the field.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Ball Playing)</i> <def>To stand out in the field, ready to catch, stop, or throw the ball.</def></p>

<p><hw>Field</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <i>(Ball Playing)</i> <def>To catch, stop, throw, etc. (the ball), as a fielder.</def></p>

<p><hw>Field"ed</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Engaged in the field; encamped.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>To help <i>fielded</i> friends.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Field"en</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Consisting of fields.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>fielden</i> country also and plains.</blockquote> <i>Holland.</i></p>

<p><hw>Field"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Ball Playing)</i> <def>A ball payer who stands out in the field to catch or stop balls.</def></p>

<p><hw>Field"fare`</hw> (?; 277), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>feldfare</i>, AS. <i>feldfare</i>; field + <i>faran</i> to travel.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>a small thrush (<i>Turdus pilaris</i>) which breeds in northern Europe and winters in Great Britain. The head, nape, and lower part of the back are ash-colored; the upper part of the back and wing coverts, chestnut; — called also <i>fellfare</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Field"ing</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Ball Playing)</i> <def>The act of playing as a fielder.</def></p>

<p><hw>Field"piece`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A cannon mounted on wheels, for the use of a marching army; a piece of field artillery; — called also <i>field gun</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Field"work`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Mil.)</i> <def>Any temporary fortification thrown up by an army in the field; - - commonly in the plural.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>All works which do not come under the head of permanent fortification are called <i>fieldworks</i>.</blockquote> <i>Wilhelm.</i></p>

<p><hw>Field"y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Open, like a field.</def> [Obs.] <i>Wyclif.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fiend</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>fend</i>, <i>find</i>, <i>fiend</i>, <i>feond</i>, fiend, foe, AS. <i>fe&oacute;nd</i>; akin to OS. <i>f&imacr;ond</i>, D. <i>vijand</i> enemy, OHG. <i>f&imacr;ant</i>, G. <i>feind</i>, Icel. <i>fj&amacr;nd</i>, Sw. & Dan. <i>fiende</i>, Goth. <i>fijands</i>; orig. p. pr. of a verb meaning <i>to hate</i>, AS. <i>fe&oacute;n</i>, <i>fe&oacute;gan</i>, OHG. <i>f&imacr;&?;n</i>, Goth. <i>fijan</i>, Skr. <i>p&imacr;y</i> to scorn; prob. akin to E. <i>feud</i> a quarrel. &radic;81. Cf. <u>Foe</u>, <u>Friend</u>.] <def>An implacable or malicious foe; one who is diabolically wicked or cruel; an infernal being; — applied specifically to the devil or a demon.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Into this wild abyss the wary <i>fiend</i><BR> Stood on the brink of Hell and looked a while.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>O woman! woman! when to ill thy mind<BR> Is bent, all hell contains no fouler <i>fiend</i>.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fiend"ful</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Full of fiendish spirit or arts.</def> <i>Marlowe.</i></p>

<p>— <wf>Fiend"ful*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Fiend"ish</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Like a fiend; diabolically wicked or cruel; infernal; malignant; devilish; hellish.</def> — <wf>Fiend"ish*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Fiend"ish*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Fiend"like`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Fiendish; diabolical.</def> <i>Longfellow.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fiend"ly</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [AS. <i>fe&oacute;ndlic</i>.] <def>Fiendlike; monstrous; devilish.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Fi`e*ras"fer</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A genus of small, slender fishes, remarkable for their habit of living as commensals in other animals. One species inhabits the gill cavity of the pearl oyster near Panama; another lives within an East Indian holothurian.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fierce</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<pos><i>Compar.</i></pos> <u>Fiercer</u> (?); <pos><i>superl.</i></pos> <u>Fiercest</u> (?).] [OE. <i>fers</i>, <i>fiers</i>, OF. <i>fier</i>, nom. <i>fiers</i>, fierce, savage, cruel, F. <i>fier</i> proud, from L. <i>ferus</i> wild, savage, cruel; perh. akin to E. <i>bear</i> the animal. Cf. <u>Feral</u>, <u>Ferocity</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Furious; violent; unrestrained; impetuous; as, a <i>fierce</i> wind.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>His <i>fierce</i> thunder drove us to the deep.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Vehement in anger or cruelty; ready or eager to kill or injure; of a nature to inspire terror; ferocious.</def> "A <i>fierce</i> whisper." <i>Dickens.</i> "A <i>fierce</i> tyrant." <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>fierce</i> foe hung upon our broken rear.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Thou huntest me as a <i>fierce</i> lion.</blockquote> <i>Job. x. 16.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Excessively earnest, eager, or ardent.</def></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Ferocious; savage; cruel; vehement; impetuous; barbarous; fell. See <u>Ferocious</u>.</p>

<p>— <wf>Fierce"ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Fierce"ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>||Fi"e*ri fa"ci*as</hw> (?). [L., cause it to be done.] <i>(Law)</i> <def>A judicial writ that lies for one who has recovered in debt or damages, commanding the sheriff that he cause to be made of the goods, chattels, or real estate of the defendant, the sum claimed.</def> <i>Blackstone. Cowell.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fi"er*i*ness</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality of being fiery; heat; acrimony; irritability; as, a <i>fieriness</i> of temper.</def> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fi"er*y</hw> (? or ?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Formerly written <i>firy</i>, fr. <i>fire</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Consisting of, containing, or resembling, fire; as, the <i>fiery</i> gulf of Etna; a <i>fiery</i> appearance.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>And <i>fiery</i> billows roll below.</blockquote> <i>I. Watts.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Vehement; ardent; very active; impetuous.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Hath thy <i>fiery</i> heart so parched thine entrails?</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>fiery</i> spirit of his forefathers.</blockquote> <i>W. Irwing.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Passionate; easily provoked; irritable.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>You know the <i>fiery</i> quality of the duke.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Unrestrained; fierce; mettlesome; spirited.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>One curbed the <i>fiery</i> steed.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>heated by fire, or as if by fire; burning hot; parched; feverish.</def> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The sword which is made <i>fiery</i>.</blockquote> <i>Hooker.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Fiery cross</b></col>, <cd>a cross constructed of two firebrands, and pitched upon the point of a spear; formerly in Scotland borne by a runner as a signal for the clan to take up arms.</cd> <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fife</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>fifre</i>, OHG. <i>pf&imacr;fa</i>, LL. <i>pipa</i> pipe, <i>pipare</i> to play on the pipe, fr. L. <i>pipire</i>, <i>pipare</i>, to peep, pip, chirp, as a chiken. See <u>Pipe</u>.] <i>(Mus.)</i> <def>A small shrill pipe, resembling the piccolo flute, used chiefly to accompany the drum in military music.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Fife major</b></col> <i>(Mil.)</i>, <cd>a noncommissioned officer who superintends the fifers of a regiment.</cd> — <col><b>Fife rail</b></col>. <i>(Naut.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>A rail about the mast, at the deck, to hold belaying pins, etc.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>A railing around the break of a poop deck.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fife</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Fifed</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>fifing</u>.] <def>To play on a fife.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fif"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who plays on a fife.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fif"teen`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [OE. <i>fiftene</i>, AS. <i>f&imacr;ft&ymacr;ne</i>, <i>f&imacr;ft&emacr;ne</i>. See <u>Five</u>, and <u>Ten</u>, and cf. <u>Fifty</u>.] <def>Five and ten; one more than fourteen.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fif"teen`</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The sum of five and ten; fifteen units or objects.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A symbol representing fifteen units, as 15, or xv.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fif"teenth`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [OE. <i>fiftenthe</i>; cf. <i>fiftethe</i>, AS. <i>f&imacr;fte&omacr;&eth;a</i>. See <u>Fifteen</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Next in order after the fourteenth; — the ordinal of fifteen.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Consisting of one of fifteen equal parts or divisions of a thing.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fif"teenth`</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One of fifteen equal parts or divisions; the quotient of a unit divided by fifteen.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A species of tax upon personal property formerly laid on towns, boroughs, etc., in England, being one fifteenth part of what the personal property in each town, etc., had been valued at.</def> <i>Burrill.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Mus.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A stop in an organ tuned two octaves above the diaposon.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>An interval consisting of two octaves.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fifth</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [OE. <i>fifte</i>, <i>fifthe</i>, AS. <i>f&imacr;fta</i>. See <u>Five</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Next in order after the fourth; — the ordinal of five.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Consisting of one of five equal divisions of a thing.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Fifth monarchy men</b></col> <i>(Hist.)</i>, <cd>a fanatical sect in England, of the time of the commonwealth, who maintained that there would be a fifth universal monarchy, during which Christ would reign on earth a thousand years.</cd> — <col><b>Fifth wheel</b></col>, <cd>a horizontal wheel or segment above the fore axle of a carriage and beneath the body, forming an extended support to prevent careening.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fifth</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The quotient of a unit divided by five; one of five equal parts; a fifth part.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Mus.)</i> <def>The interval of three tones and a semitone, embracing five diatonic degrees of the scale; the dominant of any key.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fifth"ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In the fifth place; as the fifth in order.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fif"ti*eth</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [AS. <i>f&imacr;ftigo&eth;a</i>. See <u>Fifty</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Next in order after the forty-ninth; — the ordinal of fifty.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Consisting of one of fifty equal parts or divisions.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fif"ti*eth</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One of fifty equal parts; the quotient of a unit divided by fifty.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fif"ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [AS. <i>f&imacr;ftig</i>; akin to OHG. <i>finfzug</i>, <i>fimfzuc</i>, G. <i>f&uuml;nfzig</i>, <i>funfzig</i>, Goth. <i>fimftigjus</i>. See <u>Five</u>, and <u>Ten</u>, and cf. <u>Fifteen</u>.] <def>Five times ten; as, <i>fifty</i> men.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fif"ty</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Fifties</b></plw> (&?;). <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The sum of five tens; fifty units or objects.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A symbol representing fifty units, as 50, or l.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fig</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>figue</i> the fruit of the tree, Pr. <i>figa</i>, fr. L. <i>ficus</i> fig tree, fig. Cf. <u>Fico</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A small fruit tree (<i>Ficus Carica</i>) with large leaves, known from the remotest antiquity. It was probably native from Syria westward to the Canary Islands.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The fruit of a fig tree, which is of round or oblong shape, and of various colors.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The fruit of a fig tree is really the hollow end of a stem, and bears numerous achenia inside the cavity. Many species have little, hard, inedible figs, and in only a few does the fruit become soft and pulpy. The fruit of the cultivated varieties is much prized in its fresh state, and also when dried or preserved. See <u>Caprification</u>.</p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A small piece of tobacco.</def> [U.S.]</p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>The value of a fig, practically nothing; a fico; — used in scorn or contempt.</def> "A <i>fig</i> for Peter." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Cochineal fig</b></col>. <cd>See <u>Conchineal fig</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Fig dust</b></col>, <cd>a preparation of fine oatmeal for feeding caged birds.</cd> — <col><b>Fig faun</b></col>, <cd>one of a class of rural deities or monsters supposed to live on figs.</cd> "Therefore shall dragons dwell there with the <i>fig fauns</i>." <i>Jer. i. 39. (Douay version).</i> — <col><b>Fig gnat</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a small fly said to be injurious to figs.</cd> — <col><b>Fig leaf</b></col>, <cd>the leaf tree; hence, in allusion to the first clothing of Adam and Eve (Genesis iii.7), a covering for a thing that ought to be concealed; esp., an inadequate covering; a symbol for affected modesty.</cd> — <col><b>Fig marigold</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>the name of several plants of the genus <i>Mesembryanthemum</i>, some of which are prized for the brilliancy and beauty of their flowers.</cd> — <col><b>Fig tree</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>any tree of the genus <i>Ficus</i>, but especially <i>F. Carica</i> which produces the fig of commerce.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fig</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [See <u>Fico</u>, <u>Fig</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To insult with a fico, or contemptuous motion. See <u>Fico</u>.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>When Pistol lies, do this, and <i>fig</i> me like<BR> The bragging Spaniard.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To put into the head of, as something useless o&?; contemptible.</def> [Obs.] <i>L'Estrange.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fig</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Figure; dress; array.</def> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Were they all in full <i>fig</i>, the females with feathers on their heads, the males with chapeaux bras?</blockquote> <i>Prof. Wilson.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Fi`ga`ro"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From the name of the barber in Beaumarchais' "Barber of Seville."] <def>An adroit and unscrupulous intriguer.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fig"a*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Corrupted fr. <i>vagary</i>.] <def>A frolic; a vagary; a whim.</def> [Obs.] <i>Beau. & Fl.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fig"eat`er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A large beetle (<i>Allorhina nitida</i>) which in the Southern United States destroys figs. The elytra are velvety green with pale borders.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A bird. See <u>Figpecker</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fig"ent</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Fidgety; restless.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Such a little <i>figent</i> thing.</blockquote> <i>Beau. & Fl.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fig"gum</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Etymol. uncertain.] <def>A juggler's trick; conjuring.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>The devil is the author of wicked <i>figgum</i>.</blockquote> <i>B. Jonson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fight</hw> (f&imacr;t), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Fought</u> (f&add;t); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Fighting</u>.] [OE. <i>fihten</i>, <i>fehten</i>, AS. <i>feohtan</i>; akin to D. <i>vechten</i>, OHG. <i>fehtan</i>, G. <i>fechten</i>, Sw. <i>f&auml;kta</i>, Dan. <i>fegte</i>, and perh. to E. <i>fist</i>; cf. L. <i>pugnare</i> to fight, <i>pugnus</i> fist.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To strive or contend for victory, with armies or in single combat; to attempt to defeat, subdue, or destroy an enemy, either by blows or weapons; to contend in arms; — followed by <i>with</i> or <i>against</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>You do <i>fight</i> against your country's foes.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>To <i>fight</i> with thee no man of arms will deign.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To act in opposition to anything; to struggle against; to contend; to strive; to make resistance.</def></p>

<p><col><b>To fight shy</b></col>, <cd>to avoid meeting fairly or at close quarters; to keep out of reach.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fight</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To carry on, or wage, as a conflict, or battle; to win or gain by struggle, as one's way; to sustain by fighting, as a cause.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He had to <i>fight</i> his way through the world.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>I have <i>fought</i> a good fight.</blockquote> <i>2 Tim. iv. 7.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To contend with in battle; to war against; as, they <i>fought</i> the enemy in two pitched battles; the sloop <i>fought</i> the frigate for three hours.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To cause to fight; to manage or maneuver in a fight; as, to <i>fight</i> cocks; to <i>fight</i> one's ship.</def></p>

<p><col><b>To fight it out</b></col>, <cd>to fight until a decisive and conclusive result is reached.</cd></p>

<p><! p. 558 !></p>

<p><hw>Fight</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>fight</i>, <i>feht</i>, AS. <i>feoht</i>. See <u>Fight</u>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A battle; an engagement; a contest in arms; a combat; a violent conflict or struggle for victory, between individuals or between armies, ships, or navies, etc.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Who now defies thee thrice to single <i>fight</i>.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A struggle or contest of any kind.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Strength or disposition for fighting; pugnacity; as, he has a great deal of <i>fight</i> in him.</def> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>A screen for the combatants in ships.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Up with your <i>fights</i>, and your nettings prepare.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Running fight</b></col>, <cd>a fight in which the enemy is continually chased; also, one which continues without definite end or result.</cd></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Combat; engagement; contest; struggle; encounter; fray; affray; action; conflict. See <u>Battle</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Fight"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>feohtere</i>.] <def>One who fights; a combatant; a warrior.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fight"ing</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Qualified for war; fit for battle.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>An host of <i>fighting</i> men.</blockquote> <i>2 Chron. xxvi. 11.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Occupied in war; being the scene of a battle; as, a <i>fighting</i> field.</def> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><col><b>A fighting chance</b></col>, <cd>one dependent upon the issue of a struggle.</cd> [Colloq.] — <col><b>Fighting crab</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the fiddler crab.</cd> — <col><b>Fighting fish</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a remarkably pugnacious East Indian fish (<i>Betta pugnax</i>), reared by the Siamese for spectacular fish fights.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fight"ing*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>Pugnaciously.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fight"wite`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Fight</i> + <i>wite</i>.] <i>(O.Eng. Law)</i> <def>A mulct or fine imposed on a person for making a fight or quarrel to the disturbance of the peace.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fig"ment</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>figmentum</i>, fr. <i>fingere</i> to form, shape, invent, feign. See <u>Feign</u>.] <def>An invention; a fiction; something feigned or imagined.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Social <i>figments</i>, feints, and formalism.</blockquote> <i>Mrs. Browning.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>It carried rather an appearance of <i>figment</i> and invention . . . than of truth and reality.</blockquote> <i>Woodward.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fig"peck`er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The European garden warbler (<i>Sylvia, or Currica, hortensis</i>); — called also <i>beccafico</i> and <i>greater pettychaps</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fig"-shell`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A marine univalve shell of the genus <i>Pyrula</i>, or <i>Ficula</i>, resembling a fig in form.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Fig"u*late</hw> (?), <hw>Fig"u*la`ted</hw> (?) }, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>figulatus</i>, p. p. of <i>figulare</i> to shape, fr. <i>figulus</i> potter, fr. <i>fingere</i> to shape.] <def>Made of potter's clay; molded; shaped.</def> [R.] <i>Johnson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fig"u*line</hw> (? or ?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., fr. L. <i>figulina</i> pottery, fr. <i>figulus</i>. See <u>Figulate</u>.] <def>A piece of pottery ornamented with representations of natural objects.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Whose <i>figulines</i> and rustic wares<BR> Scarce find him bread from day to day.</blockquote> <i>Longfellow.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fig`ur*a*bil"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>figurabilit&eacute;</i>.] <def>The quality of being figurable.</def> <i>Johnson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fig`ur*a*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>figurare</i> to form, shape, fr. <i>figura</i> figure: cf. F. <i>figurable</i>. See <u>Figure</u>.] <def>Capable of being brought to a fixed form or shape.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Lead is <i>figurable</i>, but water is not.</blockquote> <i>Johnson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fig"ur*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [From <u>Figure</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Represented by figure or delineation; consisting of figures; as, <i>figural</i> ornaments.</def> <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Mus.)</i> <def>Figurate. See <u>Figurate</u>.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Figural numbers</b></col>. <cd>See <i>Figurate numbers</i>, under <u>Figurate</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fig"u*rant`</hw> (? or ?), <pos><i>n. masc.</i></pos> [F., prop. p. pr. of <i>figurer</i> figure, represent, make a figure.] <def>One who dances at the opera, not singly, but in groups or figures; an accessory character on the stage, who figures in its scenes, but has nothing to say; hence, one who figures in any scene, without taking a prominent part.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fig"u*rante`</hw> (? or ?), <pos><i>n. fem.</i></pos> [F.] <def>A female figurant; esp., a ballet girl.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fig"ur*ate</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>figuratus</i>, p. p. of <i>figurare</i>. See <u>Figure</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Of a definite form or figure.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Plants are all <i>figurate</i> and determinate, which inanimate bodies are not.</blockquote> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Figurative; metaphorical.</def> [Obs.] <i>Bale.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Mus.)</i> <def>Florid; figurative; involving passing discords by the freer melodic movement of one or more parts or voices in the harmony; as, <i>figurate</i> counterpoint or descant.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Figurate counterpoint</b></col> or <col><b>descant</b></col> <i>(Mus.)</i>, <cd>that which is not simple, or in which the parts do not move together tone for tone, but in which freer movement of one or more parts mingles passing discords with the harmony; — called also <i>figural</i>, <i>figurative</i>, and <i>figured counterpoint</i> or <i>descant</i> (although the term <i>figured</i> is more commonly applied to a bass with numerals written above or below to indicate the other notes of the harmony).</cd> — <col><b>Figurate numbers</b></col> <i>(Math.)</i>, <cd>numbers, or series of numbers, formed from any arithmetical progression in which the first term is a unit, and the difference a whole number, by taking the first term, and the sums of the first two, first three, first four, etc., as the successive terms of a new series, from which another may be formed in the same manner, and so on, the numbers in the resulting series being such that points representing them are capable of symmetrical arrangement in different geometrical figures, as triangles, squares, pentagons, etc.</cd> In the following example, the two lower lines are composed of <i>figurate numbers</i>, those in the second line being <i>triangular</i>, and represented thus: —</p>

<p> . 1, 2, 3, 4, etc.
              . . . 1, 3, 6, 10, etc.
      . . . . . . . etc. 1, 4, 10, 20, etc
 . . . . . . . . . . . .
</p>

<p><hw>Fig"ur*a`ted</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having a determinate form.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fig"ur*ate*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a figurate manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fig`u*ra"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>figuratio</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of giving figure or determinate form; determination to a certain form.</def> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Mus.)</i> <def>Mixture of concords and discords.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fig"ur*a*tive</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>figurativus</i>: cf. F. <i>figuratif</i>. See <u>Figurative</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Representing by a figure, or by resemblance; typical; representative.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>This, they will say, was <i>figurative</i>, and served, by God's appointment, but for a time, to shadow out the true glory of a more divine sanctity.</blockquote> <i>Hooker.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Used in a sense that is tropical, as a metaphor; not literal; — applied to words and expressions.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Abounding in figures of speech; flowery; florid; as, a highly <i>figurative</i> description.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Relating to the representation of form or figure by drawing, carving, etc. See <u>Figure</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, 2.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>They belonged to a nation dedicated to the <i>figurative</i> arts, and they wrote for a public familiar with painted form.</blockquote> <i>J. A. Symonds.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Figurative</b></col> <col><b>counterpoint or descant</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Figurate</u>.</cd></p>

<p>— <wf>Fig"ur*a*tive*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Fig"ur*a*tive*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Fig"ure</hw> (f&ibreve;g"&usl;r; 135), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., <i>figure</i>, L. <i>figura</i>; akin to <i>fingere</i> to form, shape, feign. See <u>Feign</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The form of anything; shape; outline; appearance.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Flowers have all exquisite <i>figures</i>.</blockquote> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The representation of any form, as by drawing, painting, modeling, carving, embroidering, etc.; especially, a representation of the human body; as, a <i>figure</i> in bronze; a <i>figure</i> cut in marble.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A coin that bears the <i>figure</i> of an angel.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A pattern in cloth, paper, or other manufactured article; a design wrought out in a fabric; as, the muslin was of a pretty <i>figure</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Geom.)</i> <def>A diagram or drawing; made to represent a magnitude or the relation of two or more magnitudes; a surface or space inclosed on all sides; — called <i>superficial</i> when inclosed by lines, and <i>solid</i> when inclosed by surfaces; any arrangement made up of points, lines, angles, surfaces, etc.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>The appearance or impression made by the conduct or career of a person; as, a sorry <i>figure</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I made some <i>figure</i> there.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Gentlemen of the best <i>figure</i> in the county.</blockquote> <i>Blackstone.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>Distinguished appearance; magnificence; conspicuous representation; splendor; show.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>That he may live in <i>figure</i> and indulgence.</blockquote> <i>Law.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <def>A character or symbol representing a number; a numeral; a digit; as, 1, 2,3, etc.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>8.</b></sn> <def>Value, as expressed in numbers; price; as, the goods are estimated or sold at a low <i>figure</i>.</def> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><blockquote>With nineteen thousand a year at the very lowest <i>figure</i>.</blockquote> <i>Thackeray.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>9.</b></sn> <def>A person, thing, or action, conceived of as analogous to another person, thing, or action, of which it thus becomes a type or representative.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Who is the <i>figure</i> of Him that was to come.</blockquote> <i>Rom. v. 14.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>10.</b></sn> <i>(Rhet.)</i> <def>A mode of expressing abstract or immaterial ideas by words which suggest pictures or images from the physical world; pictorial language; a trope; hence, any deviation from the plainest form of statement.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>To represent the imagination under the <i>figure</i> of a wing.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>11.</b></sn> <i>(Logic)</i> <def>The form of a syllogism with respect to the relative position of the middle term.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>12.</b></sn> <i>(Dancing)</i> <def>Any one of the several regular steps or movements made by a dancer.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>13.</b></sn> <i>(Astrol.)</i> <def>A horoscope; the diagram of the aspects of the astrological houses.</def> <i>Johnson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>14.</b></sn> <i>(Music)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>Any short succession of notes, either as melody or as a group of chords, which produce a single complete and distinct impression.</def> <i>Grove.</i></p>

<p><sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A form of melody or accompaniment kept up through a strain or passage; a musical phrase or motive; a florid embellishment.</def></p>

<p>&fist; Figures are often written upon the staff in music to denote the kind of measure. They are usually in the form of a fraction, the upper figure showing how many notes of the kind indicated by the lower are contained in one measure or bar. Thus, <musfig>2/4</musfig> signifies that the measure contains two quarter notes. The following are the principal figures used for this purpose: — </p>

<p><musfig>2/2</musfig><musfig>2/4</musfig><musfig>2/8</musfig> <musfig>4/2</musfig><musfig>2/4</musfig><musfig>4/8</musfig> <musfig>3/2</musfig><musfig>3/4</musfig><musfig>3/8</musfig> <musfig>6/4</musfig><musfig>6/4</musfig><musfig>6/8</musfig> </p>

<p><col><b>Academy figure</b></col>, <col><b>Canceled figures</b></col>, <col><b>Lay figure</b></col>, etc. <cd>See under <u>Academy</u>, <u>Cancel</u>, <u>Lay</u>, etc.</cd> — <col><b>Figure caster</b></col>, or <col><b>Figure flinger</b></col>, <cd>an astrologer.</cd> "This <i>figure caster</i>." <i>Milton.</i> - - <col><b>Figure flinging</b></col>, <cd>the practice of astrology.</cd> — <col><b>Figure-of-eight knot</b></col>, <cd>a knot shaped like the figure 8. See <i>Illust.</i> under <u>Knot</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Figure painting</b></col>, <cd>a picture of the human figure, or the act or art of depicting the human figure.</cd> — <col><b>Figure stone</b></col> <i>(Min.)</i>, <cd>agalmatolite.</cd> — <col><b>Figure weaving</b></col>, <cd>the art or process of weaving figured fabrics.</cd> — <col><b>To cut a figure</b></col>, <cd>to make a display.</cd> [Colloq.] <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fig"ure</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Figured</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Figuring</u>.] [F. <i>figurer</i>, L. <i>figurare</i>, fr. <i>figura</i>. See <u>Figure</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To represent by a figure, as to form or mold; to make an image of, either palpable or ideal; also, to fashion into a determinate form; to shape.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>If love, alas! be pain I bear,</blockquote></p>

<p><blockquote>No thought can <i>figure</i>, and no tongue declare.Prior.</blockquote></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To embellish with design; to adorn with figures.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The vaulty top of heaven<BR> <i>Figured</i> quite o'er with burning meteors.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To indicate by numerals; also, to compute.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>As through a crystal glass the <i>figured</i> hours are seen.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To represent by a metaphor; to signify or symbolize.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Whose white vestments <i>figure</i> innocence.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>To prefigure; to foreshow.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>In this the heaven <i>figures</i> some event.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <i>(Mus.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>To write over or under the bass, as figures or other characters, in order to indicate the accompanying chords.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>To embellish.</def></p>

<p><col><b>To figure out</b></col>, <cd>to solve; to compute or find the result of.</cd> — <col><b>To figure up</b></col>, <cd>to add; to reckon; to compute the amount of.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fig"ure</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To make a figure; to be distinguished or conspicious; as, the envoy <i>figured</i> at court.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Sociable, hospitable, eloquent, admired, <i>figuring</i> away brilliantly.</blockquote> <i>M. Arnold.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To calculate; to contrive; to scheme; as, he is <i>figuring</i> to secure the nomination.</def> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><hw>Fig"ured</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Adorned with figures; marked with figures; as, <i>figured</i> muslin.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Not literal; figurative.</def> [Obs.] <i>Locke.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Mus.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>Free and florid; as, a <i>figured</i> descant. See <u>Figurate</u>, 3.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>Indicated or noted by figures.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Figured bass</b></col>. <cd>See <i>Continued bass</i>, under <u>Continued</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fig"ure*head`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>The figure, statue, or bust, on the prow of a ship.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A person who allows his name to be used to give standing to enterprises in which he has no responsible interest or duties; a nominal, but not real, head or chief.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fi*gu"ri*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Represented by figure or delineation.</def> [R.] <i>Craig.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Fi`gu`rine"</hw> (? or ?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., <i>dim</i>. <i>of figure</i>.] <def>A very small figure, whether human or of an animal; especially, one in terra cotta or the like; — distinguished from <i>statuette</i>, which is applied to small figures in bronze, marble, etc.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fig"ur*ist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who uses or interprets figurative expressions.</def> <i>Waterland.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fig"wort`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A genus of herbaceous plants (<i>Scrophularia</i>), mostly found in the north temperate zones. See <u>Brownwort</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fi"ji*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to the Fiji islands or their inhabitants.</def> — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A native of the Fiji islands.</def> [Written also <i>Feejeean</i>, <i>Feejee</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Fike</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Fyke</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fil</hw> (?), obs. <def><pos><i>imp.</i></pos> of <u>Fall</u>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> Fell.</def> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fi*la"ceous</hw> (? or ?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>filum</i> thread.] <def>Composed of threads.</def> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fil"a*cer</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>filace</i> a file, or thread, on which the records of the courts of justice were strung, F. <i>filasse</i> tow of flax or hemp, fr. L. <i>filum</i> thread.] <i>(Eng. Law)</i> <def>A former officer in the English Court of Common Pleas; — so called because he <i>filed</i> the writs on which he made out process.</def> [Obs.] <i>Burrill.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fil"a*ment</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>filament</i>, fr. L. <i>filum</i> thread. See <u>File</u> a row.] <def>A thread or threadlike object or appendage; a fiber; esp. <i>(Bot.)</i>, the threadlike part of the stamen supporting the anther.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fil`a*men"ta*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having the character of, or formed by, a filament.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fil"a*men*toid`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Filament</i> + <i>-oid</i>.] <def>Like a filament.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fil`a*men"tous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>filamenteux</i>.] <def>Like a thread; consisting of threads or filaments.</def> <i>Gray.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fil"an*der</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A species of kangaroo (<i>Macropus Brunii</i>), inhabiting New Guinea.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fil"an*ders</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [F. <i>filandres</i>, fr. L. <i>filum</i> thread.] <i>(Falconry)</i> <def>A disease in hawks, characterized by the presence of small threadlike worms, also of filaments of coagulated blood, from the rupture of a vein; — called also <i>backworm</i>.</def> <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fi"lar</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>filum</i> a thread.] <def>Of or pertaining to a thread or line; characterized by threads stretched across the field of view; as, a <i>filar</i> microscope; a <i>filar</i> micrometer.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Fi*la"ri*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. L. <i>filum</i> a thread.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A genus of slender, nematode worms of many species, parasitic in various animals. See <u>Guinea worm</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fil"a*to*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [LL. <i>filatorium</i> place for spinning, fr. <i>filare</i> to spin, fr. L. <i>filum</i> a thread.] <def>A machine for forming threads.</def> [Obs.] <i>W. Tooke.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fil"a*ture</hw> (?; 135), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [LL. <i>filatura</i>, fr. <i>filare</i> to spin: cf. F. <i>filature</i>. See <u>Filatory</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A drawing out into threads; hence, the reeling of silk from cocoons.</def> <i>Ure.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A reel for drawing off silk from cocoons; also, an establishment for reeling silk.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fil"bert</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Perh. fr. <i>fill + bread</i>, as filling the bread or husk; cf. G. <i>bartnuss</i> (lit., bread nut) filbert; or perh. named from a St. <i>Philibert</i>, whose day, Aug. 22, fell in the nutting season.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The fruit of the <i>Corylus Avellana</i> or hazel. It is an oval nut, containing a kernel that has a mild, farinaceous, oily taste, agreeable to the palate.</def></p>

<p>&fist; In England <i>filberts</i> are usually large hazelnuts, especially the nuts from selected and cultivated trees. The American hazelnuts are of two other species.</p>

<p><col><b>Filbert gall</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a gall resembling a filbert in form, growing in clusters on grapevines. It is produced by the larva of a gallfly (<i>Cecidomyia</i>).</cd></p>

<p><hw>Filch</hw> (f&ibreve;lch), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Filched</u> (f&ibreve;lcht); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Filching</u>.] [Cf. AS. <i>feolan</i> to stick to, OHG. <i>felhan</i>, <i>felahan</i>, to hide, Icel. <i>fela</i>, Goth. <i>filhan</i> to hide, bury, Prov. E. <i>feal</i> to hide slyly, OE. <i>felen</i>.] <def>To steal or take privily (commonly, that which is of little value); to pilfer.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Fain would they <i>filch</i> that little food away.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>But he that <i>filches</i> from me my good name,<BR> Robs me of that which not enriches him,<BR> And makes me poor indeed.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Filch"er</hw> (f&ibreve;lch"&etilde;r), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who filches; a thief.</def></p>

<p><hw>Filch"ing*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>By pilfering or petty stealing.</def></p>

<p><! p. 559 !></p>

<p><hw>File</hw> (f&imacr;l), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>file</i> row (cf. Pr., Sp., Pg., & It. <i>fila</i>), LL. <i>fila</i>, fr. L. <i>filum</i> a thread. Cf. <u>Enfilade</u>, <u>Filament</u>, <u>Fillet</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>An orderly succession; a line; a row</def>; as: <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <sd><i>(Mil)</i></sd> <def>A row of soldiers ranged one behind another; — in contradistinction to <i>rank</i>, which designates a row of soldiers standing abreast; a number consisting the depth of a body of troops, which, in the ordinary modern formation, consists of two men, the battalion standing two deep, or in two ranks.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The number of <i>files</i> in a company describes its width, as the number of ranks does its depth; thus, 100 men in "fours deep" would be spoken of as 25 <i>files</i> in 4 ranks. <i>Farrow.</i> </p>

<p><sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>An orderly collection of papers, arranged in sequence or classified for preservation and reference; as, <i>files</i> of letters or of newspapers; this mail brings English <i>files</i> to the 15th instant.</def> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <def>The line, wire, or other contrivance, by which papers are put and kept in order.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>It is upon a <i>file</i> with the duke's other letters.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sd><i>(d)</i></sd> <def>A roll or list.</def> "A <i>file</i> of all the gentry." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Course of thought; thread of narration.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Let me resume the <i>file</i> of my narration.</blockquote> <i>Sir H. Wotton.</i></p>

<p><col><b>File firing</b></col>, <cd>the act of firing by file, or each file independently of others.</cd> — <col><b>File leader</b></col>, <cd>the soldier at the front of any file, who covers and leads those in rear of him.</cd> — <col><b>File marching</b></col>, <cd>the marching of a line two deep, when faced to the right or left, so that the front and rear rank march side by side.</cd> <i>Brande & C.</i> —<col><b>Indian file</b></col>, or <col><b>Single file</b></col>, <cd>a line of men marching one behind another; a single row.</cd> — <col><b>On file</b></col>, <cd>preserved in an orderly collection.</cd> — <col><b>Rank and file</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>The body of soldiers constituing the mass of an army, including corporals and privates.</cd> <i>Wilhelm.</i> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>Those who constitute the bulk or working members of a party, society, etc., in distinction from the leaders.</cd></p>

<p><hw>File</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Filed</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Filing</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To set in order; to arrange, or lay away, esp. as papers in a methodical manner for preservation and reverence; to place on file; to insert in its proper place in an arranged body of papers.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I would have my several courses and my dishes well <i>filed</i>.</blockquote> <i>Beau. & Fl.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To bring before a court or legislative body by presenting proper papers in a regular way; as, to <i>file</i> a petition or bill.</def> <i>Burrill.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Law)</i> <def>To put upon the files or among the records of a court; to note on (a paper) the fact date of its reception in court.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>To <i>file</i> a paper, on the part of a party, is to place it in the official custody of the clerk. To <i>file</i>, on the part of the clerk, is to indorse upon the paper the date of its reception, and retain it in his office, subject to inspection by whomsoever it may concern.</blockquote> <i>Burrill.</i></p>

<p><hw>File</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>filer</i>.] <i>(Mil.)</i> <def>To march in a file or line, as soldiers, not abreast, but one after another; — generally with <i>off</i>.</def></p>

<p><col><b>To file with</b></col>, <cd>to follow closely, as one soldier after another in file; to keep pace.</cd></p>

<p><blockquote>My endeavors<BR> Have ever come too short of my desires,<BR> Yet <i>filed with</i> my abilities.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>File</hw> (f&imacr;l), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>fe&oacute;l</i>; akin to D. <i>viji</i>, OHG. <i>f&imacr;la</i>, <i>f&imacr;hala</i>, G. <i>feile</i>, Sw. <i>fil</i>, Dan. <i>fiil</i>, cf. Icel. <i>&thorn;&emacr;l</i>, Russ. <i>pila</i>, and Skr. <i>pi&ccedil;</i> to cut out, adorn; perh. akin to E. <i>paint</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A steel instrument, having cutting ridges or teeth, made by indentation with a chisel, used for abrading or smoothing other substances, as metals, wood, etc.</def></p>

<p>&fist; A <i>file</i> differs from a <i>rasp</i> in having the furrows made by straight cuts of a chisel, either single or crossed, while the rasp has coarse, single teeth, raised by the pyramidal end of a triangular punch.</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Anything employed to smooth, polish, or rasp, literally or figuratively.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Mock the nice touches of the critic's <i>file</i>.</blockquote> <i>Akenside.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A shrewd or artful person.</def> [Slang] <i>Fielding.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Will is an old <i>file</i> in spite of his smooth face.</blockquote> <i>Thackeray.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Bastard file</b></col>, <col><b>Cross file</b></col>, <cd>etc. See under <u>Bastard</u>, <u>Cross</u>, etc.</cd> — <col><b>Cross-cut file</b></col>, <cd>a file having two sets of teeth crossing obliquely.</cd> — <col><b>File blank</b></col>, <cd>a steel blank shaped and ground ready for cutting to form a file.</cd> — <col><b>File cutter</b></col>, <cd>a maker of files.</cd> — <col><b>Second-cut file</b></col>, <cd>a file having teeth of a grade next finer than bastard.</cd> — <col><b>Single-cut file</b></col>, <cd>a file having only one set of parallel teeth; a float.</cd> — <col><b>Smooth file</b></col>, <cd>a file having teeth so fine as to make an almost smooth surface.</cd></p>

<p><hw>File</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To rub, smooth, or cut away, with a file; to sharpen with a file; as, to <i>file</i> a saw or a tooth.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To smooth or polish as with a file.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote><i>File</i> your tongue to a little more courtesy.</blockquote> <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><hw>File</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [OE. <i>fulen</i>, <i>filen</i>, <i>foulen</i>, AS. <i>f&?;lan</i>, fr. f&?;l foul. See <u>Foul</u>, and cf. <u>Defile</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>] <def>To make foul; to defile.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>All his hairy breast with blood was <i>filed</i>.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>For Banquo's issue have I <i>filed</i> my mind.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>File"fish`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any plectognath fish of the genera <i>Monacanthus</i>, <i>Alutera</i>, <i>balistes</i>, and allied genera; — so called on account of the roughly granulated skin, which is sometimes used in place of sandpaper.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fil"e*mot</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Feullemort</u>.</def> <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fil"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who works with a file.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fil"ial</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>filialis</i>, fr. <i>filius</i> son, <i>filia</i> daughter; akin to e. <i>female</i>, <i>feminine</i>. Cf. <u>Fitz</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Of or pertaining to a son or daughter; becoming to a child in relation to his parents; as, <i>filial</i> obedience.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Bearing the relation of a child.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>And thus the <i>filial</i> Godhead answering spoke.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fil"ial*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a filial manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fil"i*ate</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To adopt as son or daughter; to establish filiation between.</def> [R.] <i>Southey.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fil`i*a"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [LL. <i>filiatio</i>, fr. L. <i>filius</i> son: cf. F. <i>filiation</i>. See <u>Filial</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The relationship of a son or child to a parent, esp. to a father.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The relation of paternity and <i>filiation</i>.</blockquote> <i>Sir M. Hale.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Law)</i> <def>The assignment of a bastard child to some one as its father; affiliation.</def> <i>Smart.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fil"i*beg</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gael. <i>feileadhbeag</i>, <i>i. e.</i>, little kilt; <i>feileadh</i> kilt + <i>beag</i> little, small; cf. <i>filleadh</i> a plait, fold.] <def>Same as <u>Kilt</u>.</def> [Written also <i>philibeg</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Fil"i*bus`ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Sp. <i>flibuster</i>, <i>flibustero</i>, corrupted fr. E. <i>freebooter</i>. See <u>Freebooter</u>.] <def>A lawless military adventurer, especially one in quest of plunder; a freebooter; — originally applied to buccaneers infesting the Spanish American coasts, but introduced into common English to designate the followers of Lopez in his expedition to Cuba in 1851, and those of Walker in his expedition to Nicaragua, in 1855.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fil"i*bus*ter</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Fillibustered</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Filibustering</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To act as a filibuster, or military freebooter.</def> <i>Bartlett.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To delay legislation, by dilatory motions or other artifices.</def> [political cant or slang, U.S.] <i>Bartlett.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fil"i*bus`ter*ism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The characteristics or practices of a filibuster.</def> <i>Bartlett.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fil"i*cal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Belonging to the <i>Filices</i>, r ferns.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fi*lic"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>filix</i>, <i>-icis</i>, a fern.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, ferns; as, <i>filicic</i> acid.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fil"i*cide</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>filius</i> son, <i>filia</i> daughter + <i>caedere</i> to kill.] <def>The act of murdering a son or a daughter; also, parent who commits such a murder.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fi*lic"i*form</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>filix</i>, <i>-icis</i>, fern + <i>-form</i>: cf. F. <i>filiciforme</i>] <def>Shaped like a fern or like the parts of a fern leaf.</def> <i>Smart.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fil"i*coid</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>filix</i>, <i>-icis</i>, fern + <i>-oid</i>: cf. F. <i>filicoi&iuml;de</i>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Fernlike, either in form or in the nature of the method of reproduction.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fil"i*coid</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A fernlike plant.</def> <i>Lindley.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fi*li"e*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>filietas</i>.] <def>The relation of a son to a father; sonship; — the correlative of <i>paternity</i>.</def> <i>J. S. Mill.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fi*lif"er*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>filum</i> a thread + <i>-ferous</i>.] <def>Producing threads.</def> <i>Carpenter.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fil"i*form</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>filum</i> thread + <i>-form</i>: cf. F. <i>filiforme</i>.] <def>Having the shape of a thread or filament; as, the <i>filiform</i> papill&aelig; of the tongue; a <i>filiform</i> style or peduncle. See <i>Illust</i>. of <u>Antenn&AElig;</u>.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Fil"i*grain</hw>, <hw>Fil"i*grane</hw> } (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Sp. <i>filigrana</i> (cf. It. <i>filigrana</i>, E. <i>filigrane</i>), fr. L. <i>filum</i>a thread + <i>granum</i> grain. See <u>File</u> a row, and <u>Grain</u>, and cf. <u>Filigree</u>.] <def>Filigree.</def> [Archaic]</p>

<p><blockquote>With her head . . . touches the crown of <i>filigrane</i>.</blockquote> <i>Longfellow.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fil"i*graned</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Filigreed</u>.</def> [Archaic]</p>

<p><hw>Fil"i*gree</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Corrupted fr. <i>filigrane</i>.] <def>Ornamental work, formerly with grains or breads, but now composed of fine wire and used chiefly in decorating gold and silver to which the wire is soldered, being arranged in designs frequently of a delicate and intricate arabesque pattern.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fil"i*gree</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Relating to, composed of, or resembling, work in filigree; as, a <i>filigree</i> basket. Hence: Fanciful; unsubstantial; merely decorative.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>You ask for reality, not fiction and <i>filigree</i> work.</blockquote> <i>J. C. Shairp.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fil"i*greed</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Adorned with filigree.</def> <i>Tatler.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fil"ing</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A fragment or particle rubbed off by the act of filing; as, iron <i>filings</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fil`i*pen"du*lous</hw> (?; 135), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>filum</i> a thread + <i>pendulus</i> hanging, fr. <i>pend&?;re</i> to hang.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Suspended by, or strung upon, a thread; — said of tuberous swellings in the middle or at the extremities of slender, threadlike rootlets.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fill</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Thill</u>.] <def>One of the thills or shafts of a carriage.</def> <i>Mortimer.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Fill horse</b></col>, <cd>a thill horse.</cd> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fill</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Filled</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Filling</u>.] [OE. <i>fillen</i>, <i>fullen</i>, AS. <i>fyllan</i>, fr. <i>full</i> full; akin to D. <i>vullen</i>, G. <i>f&uuml;llen</i>, Icel. <i>fylla</i>, Sw. <i>fylla</i>, Dan. <i>fylde</i>, Goth. <i>fulljan</i>. See <u>Full</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To make full; to supply with as much as can be held or contained; to put or pour into, till no more can be received; to occupy the whole capacity of.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The rain also <i>filleth</i> the pools.</blockquote> <i>Ps. lxxxiv. 6.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Jesus saith unto them, <i>Fill</i> the waterpots with water. Anf they <i>filled</i> them up to the brim.</blockquote> <i>John ii. 7.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To furnish an abudant supply to; to furnish with as mush as is desired or desirable; to occupy the whole of; to swarm in or overrun.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>And God blessed them, saying. Be fruitful, and multiply, and <i>fill</i> the waters in the seas.</blockquote> <i>Gen. i. 22.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The Syrians <i>filled</i> the country.</blockquote> <i>1 Kings xx. 27.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To fill or supply fully with food; to feed; to satisfy.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Whence should we have so much bread in the wilderness, as to <i>fill</i>so great a multitude?</blockquote> <i>Matt. xv. 33.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Things that are sweet and fat are more <i>filling</i>.</blockquote> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To possess and perform the duties of; to officiate in, as an incumbent; to occupy; to hold; as, a king <i>fills</i> a throne; the president <i>fills</i> the office of chief magistrate; the speaker of the House <i>fills</i> the chair.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>To supply with an incumbent; as, to <i>fill</i> an office or a vacancy.</def> <i>A. Hamilton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <i>(Naut.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>To press and dilate, as a sail; as, the wind <i>filled</i> the sails.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>To trim (a yard) so that the wind shall blow on the after side of the sails.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <i>(Civil Engineering)</i> <def>To make an embankment in, or raise the level of (a low place), with earth or gravel.</def></p>

<p><col><b>To fill in</b></col>, <cd>to insert; as, he <i>filled in</i> the figures.</cd> — <col><b>To fill out</b></col>, <cd>to extend or enlarge to the desired limit; to make complete; as, to <i>fill out</i> a bill.</cd> — <col><b>To fill up</b></col>, <cd>to make quite full; to fill to the brim or entirely; to occupy completely; to complete.</cd> "The bliss that <i>fills up</i> all the mind." <i>Pope.</i> "And <i>fill up</i> that which is behind of the afflictions of Christ." <i>Col. i. 24.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fill</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To become full; to have the whole capacity occupied; to have an abundant supply; to be satiated; as, corn <i>fills</i> well in a warm season; the sail <i>fills</i> with the wind.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To fill a cup or glass for drinking.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Give me some wine; <i>fill</i> full.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><col><b>To back and fill</b></col>. See under <u>Back</u>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> — <col><b>To fill up</b></col>, <cd>to grow or become quite full; as, the channel of the river <i>fills up</i> with sand.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fill</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>fyllo</i>. See <u>Fill</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>] <def>A full supply, as much as supplies want; as much as gives complete satisfaction.</def> "Ye shall eat your <i>fill</i>." <i>Lev. xxv. 19.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>I'll bear thee hence, where I may weep my <i>fill</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fill"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who, or that which, fills; something used for filling.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>'T is mere <i>filler</i>, to stop a vacancy in the hexameter.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>They have six diggers to four <i>fillers</i>, so as to keep the <i>fillers</i> always at work.</blockquote> <i>Mortimer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fill"er</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From 1st <u>Fill</u>.] <def>A thill horse.</def> [Prov. Eng.]</p>

<p><hw>Fil"let</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>filet</i>, <i>felet</i>, fr. OF. <i>filet</i> thread, fillet of meat, dim. of <i>fil</i> a thread, fr. L. <i>filum</i>. See <u>Fille</u> a row.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A little band, especially one intended to encircle the hair of the head.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A belt her waist, a <i>fillet</i> binds her hair.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Cooking)</i> <def>A piece of lean meat without bone; sometimes, a long strip rolled together and tied.</def></p>

<p>&fist; A <i>fillet</i> of beef is the under side of the sirlom; also called <i>tenderloin</i>. A <i>fillet</i> of veal or mutton is the fleshy part of the thigh. A <i>fillet</i> of fish is a slice of flat fish without bone. "<i>Fillet</i> of a fenny snake." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A thin strip or ribbon; esp.: <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> A strip of metal from which coins are punched. <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> A strip of card clothing. <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> A thin projecting band or strip.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Mach.)</i> <def>A concave filling in of a re&euml;ntrant angle where two surfaces meet, forming a rounded corner.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>A narrow flat member; especially, a flat molding separating other moldings; a reglet; also, the space between two flutings in a shaft. See <i>Illust.</i> of <u>Base</u>, and <u>Column</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <i>(Her.)</i> <def>An ordinary equaling in breadth one fourth of the chief, to the lowest portion of which it corresponds in position.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <i>(Mech.)</i> <def>The thread of a screw.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>8.</b></sn> <def>A border of broad or narrow lines of color or gilt.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>9.</b></sn> <def>The raised molding about the muzzle of a gun.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>10.</b></sn> <def>Any scantling smaller than a batten.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>11.</b></sn> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>A fascia; a band of fibers; applied esp. to certain bands of white matter in the brain.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>12.</b></sn> <i>(Man.)</i> <def>The loins of a horse, beginning at the place where the hinder part of the saddle rests.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Arris fillet</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Arris</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fil"let</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Filleted</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Filleting</u>.] <def>To bind, furnish, or adorn with a fillet.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fil"let*ing</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>The protecting of a joint, as between roof and parapet wall, with mortar, or cement, where <i>flashing</i> is employed in better work.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The material of which fillets are made; also, fillets, collectively.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fil"li*beg</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A kilt. See <u>Filibeg</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fil"li*bus`ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Filibuster</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fill"ing</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>That which is used to fill a cavity or any empty space, or to supply a deficiency; as, <i>filling</i> for a cavity in a tooth, a depression in a roadbed, the space between exterior and interior walls of masonry, the pores of open-grained wood, the space between the outer and inner planks of a vessel, etc.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The woof in woven fabrics.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Brewing)</i> <def>Prepared wort added to ale to cleanse it.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Back filling</b></col>. <i>(Arch.)</i> <cd>See under <u>Back</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos></cd></p>

<p><hw>Fil"lip</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Filliped</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Filliping</u>.] [For <i>filp</i>, <i>flip</i>. Cf. <u>Flippant</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To strike with the nail of the finger, first placed against the ball of the thumb, and forced from that position with a sudden spring; to snap with the finger.</def> "You <i>filip</i> me o' the head." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To snap; to project quickly.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The use of the elastic switch to <i>fillip</i> small missiles with.</blockquote> <i>Tylor.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fil"lip</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A jerk of the finger forced suddenly from the thumb; a smart blow.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Something serving to rouse or excite.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I take a glass of grog for a <i>filip</i>.</blockquote> <i>Dickens.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fil"li*peen`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Philopena</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fil"lis*ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The rabbet on the outer edge of a sash bar to hold the glass and the putty.</def> <i>Knight.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A plane for making a rabbet.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Fillister screw had</b></col>, <cd>a short cylindrical screw head, having a convex top.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fil"ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Fillies</b></plw> (#). [Cf. Icel. <i>fylia</i>, <i>fr</i>. <i>foli</i> foal. See <u>Foal</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A female foal or colt; a young mare. Cf. <u>Colt</u>, <u>Foal</u>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Neighing in likeness of a <i>filly</i> foal.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A lively, spirited young girl.</def> [Colloq.] <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><hw>Film</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>film</i> skin, fr. <i>fell</i> skin; akin to <i>fylmen</i> membrane, OFries. <i>filmene</i> skin. See <u>Fell</u> skin.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A thin skin; a pellicle; a membranous covering, causing opacity; hence, any thin, slight covering.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He from thick <i>films</i> shall purge the visual ray.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A slender thread, as that of a cobweb.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Her whip of cricket's bone, the lash of <i>film</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Film</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To cover with a thin skin or pellicle.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>It will but skin and <i>film</i> the ulcerous place.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Film"i*ness</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>State of being filmy.</def></p>

<p><hw>Film"y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Composed of film or films.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Whose <i>filmy</i> cord should bind the struggling fly.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fil`o*plu*ma"ceous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Having the structure of a filoplume.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fil"o*plume</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>filum</i> a thread &?; <i>pluma</i> a soft feather.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A hairlike feather; a father with a slender scape and without a web in most or all of its length.</def></p>

<p><! p. 560 !></p>

<p><hw>Fi"lose`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>filum</i> a thread.] <def>Terminating in a threadlike process.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fil"ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>filtre</i>, the same word as <i>feutre</i> felt, LL. <i>filtrum</i>, <i>feltrum</i>, felt, fulled wool, this being used for straining liquors. See <u>Feuter</u>.] <def>Any porous substance, as cloth, paper, sand, or charcoal, through which water or other liquid may passed to cleanse it from the solid or impure matter held in suspension; a chamber or device containing such substance; a strainer; also, a similar device for purifying air.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Filter bed</b></col>, <cd>a pond, the bottom of which is a filter composed of sand gravel.</cd> — <col><b>Filter gallery</b></col>, <cd>an underground gallery or tunnel, alongside of a stream, to collect the water that filters through the intervening sand and gravel; — called also <i>infiltration gallery</i>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fil"ter</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Filtered</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Filtering</u>] [Cf. F. <i>filter</i>. See <u>Filter</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, and cf. <u>Filtrate</u>.] <def>To purify or defecate, as water or other liquid, by causing it to pass through a filter.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Filtering paper</b></col>, or <col><b>Filter paper</b></col>, <cd>a porous unsized paper, for filtering.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fil"ter</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To pass through a filter; to percolate.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fil"ter</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Philter</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Filth</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>filthe</i>, <i>ful&eth;e</i>, AS. <i>f&?;l&eth;</i>, fr. <i>f&umacr;l</i> foul; akin to OHG. <i>f&umacr;lida</i>. See <u>Foul</u>, and cf. <u>File</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Foul matter; anything that soils or defiles; dirt; nastiness.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Anything that sullies or defiles the moral character; corruption; pollution.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>To purify the soul from the dross and <i>filth</i> of sensual delights.</blockquote> <i>Tillotson.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Filth disease</b></col> <i>(Med.)</i>, <cd>a disease supposed to be due to pollution of the soil or water.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Filth"i*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a filthy manner; foully.</def></p>

<p><hw>Filth"i*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The state of being filthy.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Let us cleanse ourselves from all <i>filthiness</i> of the flesh and spirit.</blockquote> <i>2 Cor. vii. 1.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>That which is filthy, or makes filthy; foulness; nastiness; corruption; pollution; impurity.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Carry forth the <i>filthiness</i> out of the holy place.</blockquote> <i>2 Chron. xxix. 5.</i></p>

<p><hw>Filth"y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<pos><i>Compar.</i></pos> <u>Filthier</u> (?); <pos><i>superl.</i></pos> <u>Filthiest</u>.] <def>Defiled with filth, whether material or moral; nasty; dirty; polluted; foul; impure; obscene.</def> "In the <i>filthy</i>-mantled pool." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>He which is <i>filthy</i> let him be <i>filthy</i> still.</blockquote> <i>Rev. xxii. 11.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Nasty; foul; dirty; squalid; unclean; sluttish; gross; vulgar; licentious. See <u>Nasty</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Fil"trate</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Filtrated</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Filtrating</u>. (&?;)] [Cf. LL. <i>filtrare</i>. See <u>Filter</u>.] <def>To filter; to defecate; as liquid, by straining or percolation.</def> <i>Arbuthnot.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fil"trate</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>That which has been filtered; the liquid which has passed through the filter in the process of filtration.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fil*tra"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>filtration</i>.] <def>The act or process of filtering; the mechanical separation of a liquid from the undissolved particles floating in it.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Fim"ble</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, or <hw>Fim"ble hemp`</hw> (f&ibreve;m"b'l h&ebreve;mp`). }[Corrupted from <i>female hemp</i>.] <def>Light summer hemp, that bears no seed.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Fim"bri*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Fimbri&aelig;</b></plw> (#). [L., fringe. See <u>Fringle</u>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <i>pl.</i> <def>A fringe, or fringed border.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A band of white matter bordering the hippocampus in the brain.</def> — <wf>Fim"bri*al</wf> (#), <pos><i>a.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Fim*bri*ate</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>fimbriatus</i> fibrous, fringed, fr. <i>fimbria</i> fiber, fringe. See <u>Fringe</u>.] <def>Having the edge or extremity bordered by filiform processes thicker than hairs; fringed; as, the <i>fimbriate</i> petals of the pink; the <i>fimbriate</i> end of the Fallopian tube.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fim"bri*ate</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Fimbriated</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Fimbriating</u>.] <def>To hem; to fringe.</def> <i>Fuller.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fim"bri*a`ted</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Having a fringed border; fimbriate.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Her.)</i> <def>Having a very narrow border of another tincture; — said esp. of an ordinary or subordinary.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fim"bri*cate</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Fringed; jagged; fimbriate.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>fringed, on one side only, by long, straight hairs, as the antenn&aelig; of certain insects.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fin</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Finned</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Finning</u>.] [Cf. <u>Fin</u> of a fish.] <def>To carve or cut up, as a chub.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fin</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Fine</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <def>End; conclusion; object.</def> [Obs.] "She knew eke the <i>fin</i> of his intent." <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fin</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>[OE. <i>finne</i>, <i>fin</i>, AS. <i>finn</i>; akin to D. <i>vin</i>, G. & Dan. <i>finne</i>, Sw. <i>fena</i>, L. <i>pinna</i>, <i>penna</i>, a wing, feather. Cf. <u>pen</u> a feather.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>An organ of a fish, consisting of a membrane supported by rays, or little bony or cartilaginous ossicles, and serving to balance and propel it in the water.</def></p>

<p>&fist; Fishes move through the water chiefly by means of the caudal fin or tail, the principal office of the other fins being to balance or direct the body, though they are also, to a certain extent, employed in producing motion.</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A membranous, finlike, swimming organ, as in pteropod and heteropod mollusks.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A finlike organ or attachment; a part of an object or product which protrudes like a fin</def>, as: <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The hand.</def> [Slang] <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <i>(Com.)</i> <def>A blade of whalebone.</def> [Eng.] <i>McElrath.</i></p>

<p><sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <i>(Mech.)</i> <def>A mark or ridge left on a casting at the junction of the parts of a mold.</def> <sd><i>(d)</i></sd> <i>(Mech.)</i> <def>The thin sheet of metal squeezed out between the collars of the rolls in the process of rolling.</def> <i>Raymond.</i></p>

<p><sd><i>(e)</i></sd> <i>(Mech.)</i> <def>A feather; a spline.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>A finlike appendage, as to submarine boats.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Apidose fin</b></col>. <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <cd>See under <u>Adipose</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos></cd> — <col><b>Fin ray</b></col> <i>(Anat.)</i>, <cd>one of the hornlike, cartilaginous, or bony, dermal rods which form the skeleton of the fins of fishes.</cd> — <col><b>Fin whale</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a finback.</cd> — <col><b>Paired fins</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the pectoral and ventral fins, corresponding to the fore and hind legs of the higher animals.</cd> — <col><b>Unpaired, or Median</b></col>, <col><b>fins</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the dorsal, caudal, and anal fins.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fin"a*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [From <u>Fine</u>.] <def>Liable or subject to a fine; as, a <i>finable</i> person or offense.</def> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fi"nal</hw> (f&imacr;"n<i>a</i>l), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [F., fr. L. <i>finalis</i>, fr. finis boundary, limit, end. See <u>Finish</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Pertaining to the end or conclusion; last; terminating; ultimate; as, the <i>final</i> day of a school term.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Yet despair not of his <i>final</i> pardon.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Conclusive; decisive; as, a <i>final</i> judgment; the battle of Waterloo brought the contest to a <i>final</i> issue.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Respecting an end or object to be gained; respecting the purpose or ultimate end in view.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Final cause</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Cause</u>.</cd></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — <u>Final</u>, <u>Conclusive</u>, <u>Ultimate</u>. <i>Final</i> is now appropriated to that which brings with it an end; as, a <i>final</i> adjustment; the <i>final</i> judgment, etc. <i>Conclusive</i> implies the closing of all discussion, negotiation, etc.; as, a <i>conclusive</i> argument or fact; a <i>conclusive</i> arrangement. In using <i>ultimate</i>, we have always reference to something earlier or proceeding; as when we say, a temporary reverse may lead to an <i>ultimate</i> triumph. The statements which a man <i>finally</i> makes at the close of a negotiation are usually <i>conclusive</i> as to his <i>ultimate</i> intentions and designs.</p>

<p><hw>||Fi*na"le</hw> (f&esl;*n&auml;"l&asl;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [It. See <u>Final</u>.] <def>Close; termination</def>; as: <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <i>(Mus.)</i> <def>The last movement of a symphony, sonata, concerto, or any instrumental composition.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The last composition performed in any act of an opera.</def> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <def>The closing part, piece, or scene in any public performance or exhibition.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fi*nal"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Finalities</b></plw> (#). [L. <i>finalitas</i> the being last.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The state of being final, finished, or complete; a final or conclusive arrangement; a settlement.</def> <i>Baxter.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The relation of end or purpose to its means.</def> <i>Janet.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fi"nal*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>At the end or conclusion; ultimately; lastly; as, the contest was long, but the Romans <i>finally</i> conquered.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Whom patience <i>finally</i> must crown.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Completely; beyond recovery.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Not any house of noble English in Ireland was utterly destroyed or <i>finally</i> rooted out.</blockquote> <i>Sir J. Davies.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fi*nance"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., fr. LL. <i>financia</i> payment of money, money, fr. <i>finare</i> to pay a fine or subsidy (cf. OF. <i>finer</i> to finish, pay), fr. L. <i>finis</i> end. See <u>Fine</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, <u>Finish</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The income of a ruler or of a state; revenue; public money; sometimes, the income of an individual; often used in the plural for funds; available money; resources.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>All the <i>finances</i> or revenues of the imperial crown.</blockquote> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The science of raising and expending the public revenue.</def> "Versed in the details of <i>finance</i>." <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fi*nan"cial</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pertaining to finance.</def> "Our <i>financial</i> and commercial system." <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fi*nan"cial*ist</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A financier.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fi*nan"cial*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a financial manner.</def> <i>Burke.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fin`an*cier"</hw> (?; 277), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>financier</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One charged with the administration of finance; an officer who administers the public revenue; a treasurer.</def> <i>Burke.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>One skilled in financial operations; one acquainted with money matters.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fin`an*cier"</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Financiered</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Financiering</u>.] <def>To conduct financial operations.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fin"a*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Iron Works)</i> <def>See <u>Finery</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fi"na*tive</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Conclusive; decisive; definitive; final.</def> [Obs.] <i>Greene (1593).</i></p>

<p><hw>Fin"back`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any whale of the genera <i>Sibbaldius</i>, <i>Bal&aelig;noptera</i>, and allied genera, of the family <i>Bal&aelig;nopterid&aelig;</i>, characterized by a prominent fin on the back. The common finbacks of the New England coast are <i>Sibbaldius tectirostris</i> and <i>S. tuberosus</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Finch</hw> (f&ibreve;nch), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Finches</b></plw> (-&ebreve;z). [AS. <i>finc</i>; akin to D. <i>vink</i>, OHG. <i>fincho</i>, G. <i>fink</i>; cf. W. <i>pinc</i> a finch; also E. <i>spink</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A small singing bird of many genera and species, belonging to the family <i>Fringillid&aelig;</i>.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The word is often used in composition, as in chaf<i>finch</i>, gold<i>finch</i>, grass<i>finch</i>, pine<i>finch</i>, etc.</p>

<p><col><b>Bramble finch</b></col>. <cd>See <u>Brambling</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Canary finch</b></col>, <cd>the canary bird.</cd> — <col><b>Copper finch</b></col>. <cd>See <u>Chaffinch</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Diamond finch</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Diamond</u>.</cd> - - <col><b>Finch falcon</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>one of several very small East Indian falcons of the genus <i>Hierax</i>.</cd> — <col><b>To pull a finch</b></col>, <cd>to swindle an ignorant or unsuspecting person.</cd> [Obs.] "Privily a <i>finch</i> eke could he <i>pull</i>." <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Finch"backed`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Streaked or spotted on the back; — said of cattle.</def></p>

<p><hw>Finched</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Finchbacked</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Find</hw> (f&imacr;nd), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Found</u> (found); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Finding</u>.] [AS. <i>findan</i>; akin to D. <i>vinden</i>, OS. & OHG. <i>findan</i>, G. <i>finden</i>, Dan. <i>finde</i>, icel. & Sw. <i>finna</i>, Goth. <i>fin&thorn;an</i>; and perh. to L. <i>petere</i> to seek, Gr. <grk>pi`ptein</grk> to fall, Skr. <i>pat</i> to fall, fly, E. <i>petition</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To meet with, or light upon, accidentally; to gain the first sight or knowledge of, as of something new, or unknown; hence, to fall in with, as a person.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Searching the window for a flint, I <i>found</i><BR> This paper, thus sealed up.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>In woods and forests thou art <i>found</i>.</blockquote> <i>Cowley.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To learn by experience or trial; to perceive; to experience; to discover by the intellect or the feelings; to detect; to feel.</def> "I <i>find</i> you passing gentle." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The torrid zone is now <i>found</i> habitable.</blockquote> <i>Cowley.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To come upon by seeking; as, to <i>find</i> something lost.</def> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>To discover by sounding; as, to <i>find</i> bottom.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>To discover by study or experiment direct to an object or end; as, water is <i>found</i> to be a compound substance.</def> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <def>To gain, as the object of desire or effort; as, to <i>find</i> leisure; to <i>find</i> means.</def> <sd><i>(d)</i></sd> <def>To attain to; to arrive at; to acquire.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Seek, and ye shall <i>find</i>.</blockquote> <i>Matt. vii. 7.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Every mountain now hath <i>found</i> a tongue.</blockquote> <i>Byron.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To provide for; to supply; to furnish; as, to <i>find</i> food for workemen; he <i>finds</i> his nephew in money.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Wages &pound;14 and all <i>found</i>.</blockquote> <i>London Times.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Nothing a day and <i>find</i> yourself.</blockquote> <i>Dickens.</i> </p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>To arrive at, as a conclusion; to determine as true; to establish; as, to <i>find</i> a verdict; to <i>find</i> a true bill (of indictment) against an accused person.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>To <i>find</i> his title with some shows of truth.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><col><b>To find out</b></col>, <cd>to detect (a thief); to discover (a secret) — to solve or unriddle (a parable or enigma); to understand.</cd> "Canst thou by searching <i>find out</i> God?" <i>Job. xi. 7.</i> "We do hope <i>to find out</i> all your tricks." <i>Milton.</i> — <col><b>To find fault with</b></col>, <cd>to blame; to censure.</cd> — <col><b>To find one's self</b></col>, <cd>to be; to fare; — often used in speaking of health; as, how do you <i>find yourself</i> this morning?</cd></p>

<p><hw>Find</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <i>(Law)</i> <def>To determine an issue of fact, and to declare such a determination to a court; as, the jury <i>find</i> for the plaintiff.</def> <i>Burrill.</i></p>

<p><hw>Find</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Anything found; a discovery of anything valuable; especially, a deposit, discovered by arch&aelig;ologists, of objects of prehistoric or unknown origin.</def></p>

<p><hw>Find"a*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Capable of being found; discoverable.</def> <i>Fuller.</i></p>

<p><hw>Find"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who, or that which, finds; specifically <i>(Astron.)</i>, a small telescope of low power and large field of view, attached to a larger telescope, for the purpose of finding an object more readily.</def></p>

<p><hw>Find"fault`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A censurer or caviler.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Find"fault`ing</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Apt to censure or cavil; faultfinding; captious.</def> [Obs.] <i>Whitlock.</i></p>

<p><hw>Find"ing</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>That which is found, come upon, or provided; esp. (<i>pl.</i>), that which a journeyman artisan finds or provides for himself; as tools, trimmings, etc.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>When a man hath been laboring . . . in the deep mines of knowledge, hath furnished out his <i>findings</i> in all their equipage.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Support; maintenance; that which is provided for one; expence; provision.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Law)</i> <def>The result of a judicial examination or inquiry, especially into some matter of fact; a verdict; as, the <i>finding</i> of a jury.</def> <i>Burrill.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>After his friends <i>finding</i> and his rent.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fin"dy</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [AS. <i>finding</i> heavy; cf. Dan. <i>fyndig</i> strong, energetical, <i>fynd</i> strength, energy, emphasis.] <def>Full; heavy; firm; solid; substantial.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>A cold May and a windy<BR> Makes the barn fat amd <i>findy</i>.</blockquote> <i>Old Proverb.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fine</hw> (f&imacr;n), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<pos><i>Compar.</i></pos> <u>Finer</u> (?); <pos><i>superl.</i></pos> <u>Finest</u>.] [F. <i>fin</i>, LL. <i>finus</i> fine, pure, fr. L. <i>finire</i> to finish; cf. <i>finitus</i>, p. p., finished, completed (hence the sense <i>accomplished</i>, <i>perfect</i>.) See <u>Finish</u>, and cf. <u>Finite</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Finished; brought to perfection; refined; hence, free from impurity; excellent; superior; elegant; worthy of admiration; accomplished; beautiful.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The gain thereof [is better] than <i>fine</i> gold.</blockquote> <i>Prov. iii. 14.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>A cup of wine that's brisk and <i>fine</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Not only the <i>finest</i> gentleman of his time, but one of the <i>finest</i> scholars.</blockquote> <i>Felton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>To soothe the sick bed of so <i>fine</i> a being [Keats].</blockquote> <i>Leigh Hunt.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Aiming at show or effect; loaded with ornament; overdressed or overdecorated; showy.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He gratified them with occasional . . . <i>fine</i> writing.</blockquote> <i>M. Arnold.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Nice; delicate; subtle; exquisite; artful; skillful; dexterous.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The spider's touch, how exquisitely <i>fine</i>!</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The nicest and most delicate touches of satire consist in <i>fine</i> raillery.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>He has as <i>fine</i> a hand at picking a pocket as a woman.</blockquote> <i>T. Gray.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Not coarse, gross, or heavy</def>; as: <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>Not gross; subtile; thin; tenous.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The eye standeth in the <i>finer</i> medium and the object in the grosser.</blockquote> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>Not coarse; comminuted; in small particles; as, <i>fine</i> sand or flour.</def> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <def>Not thick or heavy; slender; filmy; as, a <i>fine</i> thread.</def> <sd><i>(d)</i></sd> <def>Thin; attenuate; keen; as, a <i>fine</i> edge.</def> <sd><i>(e)</i></sd> <def>Made of fine materials; light; delicate; as, <i>fine</i> linen or silk.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>Having (such) a proportion of pure metal in its composition; as, coins nine tenths <i>fine</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>(Used ironically.)</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Ye have made a <i>fine</i> hand, fellows.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p>&fist; <i>Fine</i> is often compounded with participles and adjectives, modifying them adverbially; a, <i>fine</i>-drawn, <i>fine</i>-featured, <i>fine</i>-grained, <i>fine</i>-spoken, <i>fine</i>-spun, etc.</p>

<p><col><b>Fine arch</b></col> <i>(Glass Making)</i>, <cd>the smaller fritting furnace of a glasshouse.</cd> <i>Knight.</i> — <col><b>Fine arts</b></col>. <cd>See the Note under <u>Art</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Fine cut</b></col>, <cd>fine cut tobacco; a kind of chewing tobacco cut up into shreds.</cd> — <col><b>Fine goods</b></col>, <cd>woven fabrics of fine texture and quality.</cd> <i>McElrath.</i> — <col><b>Fine stuff</b></col>, <cd>lime, or a mixture of lime, plaster, etc., used as material for the finishing coat in plastering.</cd> — <col><b>To sail fine</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>to sail as close to the wind as possible.</cd></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — <u>Fine</u>, <u>Beautiful</u>. When used as a word of praise, <i>fine</i> (being opposed to <i>coarse</i>) denotes no "ordinary thing of its kind." It is not as strong as <i>beautiful</i>, in reference to the single attribute implied in the latter term; but when we speak of a <i>fine</i> woman, we include a greater variety of particulars, viz., all the qualities which become a woman, — breeding, sentiment, tact, etc. The term is equally comprehensive when we speak of a <i>fine</i> garden, landscape, horse, poem, etc.; and, though applied to a great variety of objects, the word has still a very definite sense, denoting a high degree of characteristic excellence.</p>

<p><! p. 561 !></p>

<p><hw>Fine</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Fined</u> (f&imacr;nd); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Fining</u>.] [From <u>Fine</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To make fine; to refine; to purify, to clarify; as, to <i>fine</i> gold.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>It hath been <i>fined</i> and refined by . . . learned men.</blockquote> <i>Hobbes.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To make finer, or less coarse, as in bulk, texture, etc.; as. to <i>fine</i> the soil.</def> <i>L. H. Bailey.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To change by fine gradations; as <i>(Naut.)</i>, to <i>fine</i> down a ship's lines, to diminish her lines gradually.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I often sate at home<BR> On evenings, watching how they <i>fined</i> themselves<BR> With gradual conscience to a perfect night.</blockquote> <i>Browning.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fine</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>fin</i>, L. <i>finis</i> end, also in LL., a <i>final</i> agreement or concord between the lord and his vassal; a sum of money paid at the <i>end</i>, so as to make an <i>end</i> of a transaction, suit, or prosecution; mulct; penalty; cf. OF. <i>fin</i> end, settlement, F. <i>fin</i> end. See <u>Finish</u>, and cf. <u>Finance</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>End; conclusion; termination; extinction.</def> [Obs.] "To see their fatal <i>fine</i>." <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Is this the <i>fine</i> of his fines?</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A sum of money paid as the settlement of a claim, or by way of terminating a matter in dispute; especially, a payment of money imposed upon a party as a punishment for an offense; a mulct.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Law)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <i>(Feudal Law)</i> <def>A final agreement concerning lands or rents between persons, as the lord and his vassal.</def> <i>Spelman.</i></p>

<p><sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <i>(Eng. Law)</i> <def>A sum of money or price paid for obtaining a benefit, favor, or privilege, as for admission to a copyhold, or for obtaining or renewing a lease.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Fine for alienation</b></col> <i>(Feudal Law)</i>, <cd>a sum of money paid to the lord by a tenant whenever he had occasion to make over his land to another.</cd> <i>Burrill.</i> — <col><b>Fine of lands</b></col>, <cd>a species of conveyance in the form of a fictitious suit compromised or terminated by the acknowledgment of the previous owner that such land was the right of the other party.</cd> <i>Burrill.</i> See <u>Concord</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, 4. — <col><b>In fine</b></col>, <cd>in conclusion; by way of termination or summing up.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fine</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [From <u>Fine</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <def>To impose a pecuniary penalty upon for an offense or breach of law; to set a fine on by judgment of a court; to punish by fine; to mulct; as, the trespassers were <i>fined</i> ten dollars.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fine</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To pay a fine. See <u>Fine</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, 3 <sd><i>(b)</i></sd>.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Men <i>fined</i> for the king's good will; or that he would remit his anger; women <i>fined</i> for leave to marry.</blockquote> <i>Hallam.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fine</hw>, <pos><i>v. t. & i.</i></pos> [OF. <i>finer</i>, F. <i>finir</i>. See <u>Finish</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>] <def>To finish; to cease; or to cause to cease.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Fine"draw`</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Finedrawn</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Finedrawing</u>.] <def>To sew up, so nicely that the seam is not perceived; to renter.</def> <i>Marryat.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fine"draw`er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who finedraws.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fine"drawn`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Drawn out with too much subtilty; overnice; as, <i>finedrawn</i> speculations.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fi*neer"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To run in debt by getting goods made up in a way unsuitable for the use of others, and then threatening not to take them except on credit.</def> [R.] <i>Goldsmith.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fi*neer"</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To veneer.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fine"less</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Fine</i> end + <i>-less</i>.] <def>Endless; boundless.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fine"ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a fine or finished manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fine"ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From <u>Fine</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The quality or condition of being fine.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Freedom from foreign matter or alloy; clearness; purity; as, the <i>fineness</i> of liquor.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>fineness</i> of the gold, and chargeful fashion.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>The proportion of pure silver or gold in jewelry, bullion, or coins.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The fineness of United States coin is nine tenths, that of English gold coin is eleven twelfths, and that of English silver coin is &frac925x1000;.</p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Keenness or sharpness; as, the <i>fineness</i> of a needle's point, or of the edge of a blade.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fin"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who fines or purifies.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fin"er*y</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Fineness; beauty.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Don't choose your place of study by the <i>finery</i> of the prospects.</blockquote> <i>I. Watts.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Ornament; decoration; especially, excecially decoration; showy clothes; jewels.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Her mistress' cast-off <i>finery</i>.</blockquote> <i>F. W. Robertson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> [Cf. <u>Refinery</u>.] <i>(Iron Works)</i> <def>A charcoal hearth or furnace for the conversion of cast iron into wrought iron, or into iron suitable for puddling.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fine"spun`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Spun so as to be fine; drawn to a fine thread; attenuated; hence, unsubstantial; visionary; as, <i>finespun</i> theories.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fi`nesse"</hw> (? or ?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., fr. <i>fin</i> fine. See <u>Fine</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Subtilty of contrivance to gain a point; artifice; stratagem.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>This is the artificialest piece of <i>finesse</i> to persuade men into slavery.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Whist Playing)</i> <def>The act of finessing. See <u>Finesse</u>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos>, 2.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fi*nesse"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Finessed</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Finessing</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To use artifice or stratagem.</def> <i>Goldsmith.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Whist Playing)</i> <def>To attempt, when second or third player, to make a lower card answer the purpose of a higher, when an intermediate card is out, risking the chance of its being held by the opponent yet to play.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fine"still`</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To distill, as spirit from molasses or some saccharine preparation.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fine"still`er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who finestills.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fin"ew</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Fenowed</u>.] <def>Moldiness.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Fin"fish`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A finback whale.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> (<i>pl.</i>) <def>True fish, as distinguished from shellfish.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fin"foot`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A South American bird (<i>Heliornis fulica</i>) allied to the grebes. The name is also applied to several related species of the genus <i>Podica</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fin"-foot`ed</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>Having palmate feet.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>Having lobate toes, as the coot and grebe.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fin"ger</hw> (f&ibreve;&nsm;"g&etilde;r), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>finger</i>; akin to D. <i>vinger</i>, OS. & OHG. <i>fingar</i>, G. <i>finger</i>, Icel. <i>fingr</i>, Sw. & Dan. <i>finger</i>, Goth. <i>figgrs</i>; of unknown origin; perh. akin to E. <i>fang</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One of the five terminating members of the hand; a digit; esp., one of the four extremities of the hand, other than the thumb.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Anything that does the work of a finger; as, the pointer of a clock, watch, or other registering machine; especially <i>(Mech.)</i> a small projecting rod, wire, or piece, which is brought into contact with an object to effect, direct, or restrain a motion.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>The breadth of a finger, or the fourth part of the hand; a measure of nearly an inch; also, the length of finger, a measure in domestic use in the United States, of about four and a half inches or one eighth of a yard.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A piece of steel three <i>fingers</i> thick.</blockquote> <i>Bp. Wilkins.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Skill in the use of the fingers, as in playing upon a musical instrument.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>She has a good <i>finger</i>.</blockquote> <i>Busby.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Ear finger</b></col>, <cd>the little finger.</cd> — <col><b>Finger alphabet</b></col>. <cd>See <u>Dactylology</u>.</cd> - - <col><b>Finger bar</b></col>, <cd>the horizontal bar, carrying slotted spikes, or fingers, through which the vibratory knives of mowing and reaping machines play.</cd> — <col><b>Finger board</b></col> <i>(Mus.)</i>, <cd>the part of a stringed instrument against which the fingers press the strings to vary the tone; the keyboard of a piano, organ, etc.; manual.</cd> — <col><b>Finger</b></col> <col><b>bowl or glass</b></col>, <cd>a bowl or glass to hold water for rinsing the fingers at table.</cd> — <col><b>Finger flower</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>the foxglove.</cd> — <col><b>Finger grass</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>a kind of grass (<i>Panicum sanguinale</i>) with slender radiating spikes; common crab grass. See <i>Crab grass</i>, under <u>Crab</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Finger nut</b></col>, <cd>a fly nut or thumb nut.</cd> — <col><b>Finger plate</b></col>, <cd>a strip of metal, glass, etc., to protect a painted or polished door from finger marks.</cd> — <col><b>Finger post</b></col>, <cd>a guide post bearing an index finger.</cd> — <col><b>Finger reading</b></col>, <cd>reading printed in relief so as to be sensible to the touch; — so made for the blind.</cd> — <col><b>Finger shell</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a marine shell (<i>Pholas dactylus</i>) resembling a finger in form.</cd> — <col><b>Finger sponge</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a sponge having finger-shaped lobes, or branches.</cd> — <col><b>Finger stall</b></col>, <cd>a cover or shield for a finger.</cd> — <col><b>Finger steel</b></col>, <cd>a steel instrument for whetting a currier's knife.</cd></p>

<p><col><b>To burn one's fingers</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Burn</u>.</cd> — <col><b>To have a finger in</b></col>, <cd>to be concerned in.</cd> [Colloq.] — <col><b>To have at one's fingers' ends</b></col>, <cd>to be thoroughly familiar with.</cd> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><hw>Fin"ger</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Fingered</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Fingering</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To touch with the fingers; to handle; to meddle with.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Let the papers lie;<BR> You would be <i>fingering</i> them to anger me.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To touch lightly; to toy with.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Mus.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>To perform on an instrument of music.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>To mark the notes of (a piece of music) so as to guide the fingers in playing.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To take thievishly; to pilfer; to purloin.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>To execute, as any delicate work.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fin"ger</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <i>(Mus.)</i> <def>To use the fingers in playing on an instrument.</def> <i>Busby.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fin"gered</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Having fingers.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Having leaflets like fingers; digitate.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Mus.)</i> <def>Marked with figures designating which finger should be used for each note.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fin"ger*er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who fingers; a pilferer.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fin"ger*ing</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act or process of handling or touching with the fingers.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The mere sight and <i>fingering</i> of money.</blockquote> <i>Grew.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The manner of using the fingers in playing or striking the keys of an instrument of music; movement or management of the fingers in playing on a musical instrument, in typewriting, etc.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>The marking of the notes of a piece of music to guide or regulate the action or use of the fingers.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Delicate work made with the fingers.</def> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fin"ger*ling</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Finger</i> + <i>-ling</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A young salmon. See <u>Parr</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fin"gle-fan`gle</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From <i>fangle</i>.] <def>A trifle.</def> [Low] <i>Hudibras.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Fin"gri*go</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Fingrigos</b></plw> (#). [So called in Jamaica.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A prickly, climbing shrub of the genus <i>Pisonia</i>. The fruit is a kind of berry.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fin"i*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>finire</i> to finish, end. See <u>Finish</u>.] <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>The knot or bunch of foliage, or foliated ornament, that forms the upper extremity of a pinnacle in Gothic architecture; sometimes, the pinnacle itself.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fin"i*cal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [From <u>Fine</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <def>Affectedly fine; overnice; unduly particular; fastidious.</def> "<i>Finical</i> taste." <i>Wordsworth.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The gross style consists in giving no detail, the <i>finical</i> in giving nothing else.</blockquote> <i>Hazlitt.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — <u>Finical</u>, <u>Spruce</u>, <u>Foppish</u>. These words are applied to persons who are studiously desirous to cultivate finery of appearance. One who is <i>spruce</i> is elaborately nice in dress; one who is <i>finical</i> shows his affectation in language and manner as well as in dress; one who is <i>foppish</i> distinguishes himself by going to the extreme of the fashion in the cut of his clothes, by the tawdriness of his ornaments, and by the ostentation of his manner. "A <i>finical</i> gentleman clips his words and screws his body into as small a compass as possible, to give himself the air of a delicate person; a <i>spruce</i> gentleman strives not to have a fold wrong in his frill or cravat, nor a hair of his head to lie amiss; a <i>foppish</i> gentleman seeks . . . to render himself distinguished for finery." <i>Crabb.</i></p>

<p>— <wf>Fin"i*cal*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Fin"i*cal*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Fin`i*cal"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality of being finical; finicalness.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Fin"ick*ing</hw> (?), <hw>Fin"ick*y</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> } <def>Finical; unduly particular.</def> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><hw>Fi*nif"ic</hw> (? or ?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>finis</i> end + <i>facere</i> to make.] <def>A limiting element or quality.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>The essential <i>finific</i> in the form of the finite.</blockquote> <i>Coleridge.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fin"i*fy</hw> (? or ?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<i>Fine</i>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> + <i>-fy</i>.] <def>To make fine; to dress finically.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Hath so pared and <i>finified</i> them [his feet.]</blockquote> <i>B. Jonson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fin"i*kin</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Fine</i>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> + <i>-kin</i>.] <def>Precise in trifles; idly busy.</def> [Colloq.] <i>Smart.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fin"ing</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of imposing a fin&?;.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The process of fining or refining; clarification; also <i>(Metal.)</i>, the conversion of cast iron into suitable for puddling, in a hearth or charcoal fire.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>That which is used to refine; especially, a preparation of isinglass, gelatin, etc., for clarifying beer.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Fining pot</b></col>, <cd>a vessel in which metals are refined.</cd> <i>Prov. xvii. 3.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Fi"nis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L.] <def>An end; conclusion. It is often placed at the end of a book.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fin"ish</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Finished</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Finishing</u>.] [F. <i>finir</i> (with a stem <i>finiss-</i> in several forms, whence E. <i>-ish</i>: see <i>-ish</i>.),fr. L. <i>finire</i> to limit, finish, end, fr. <i>finis</i> boundary, limit, end; perh. for <i>fidnis</i>, and akin <i>findere</i> to cleave, E. <i>fissure</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To arrive at the end of; to bring to an end; to put an end to; to make an end of; to terminate.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>And heroically hath <i>finished</i><BR> A life heroic.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To bestow the last required labor upon; to complete; to bestow the utmost possible labor upon; to perfect; to accomplish; to polish.</def></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — To end; terminate; close; conclude; complete; accomplish; perfect.</p>

<p><hw>Fin"ish</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To come to an end; to terminate.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>His days may <i>finish</i> ere that hapless time.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To end; to die.</def> [R.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fin"ish</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>That which finishes, puts an end to&?; or perfects.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>The joiner work and other finer work required for the completion of a building, especially of the interior. See <i>Inside finish</i>, and <i>Outside finish</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Fine Arts)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The labor required to give final completion to any work; hence, minute detail, careful elaboration, or the like.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>See <i>Finishing coat</i>, under <u>Finishing</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>The result of completed labor, as on the surface of an object; manner or style of finishing; as, a rough, dead, or glossy <i>finish</i> given to cloth, stone, metal, etc.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>Completion; — opposed to <i>start</i>, or <i>beginning</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fin"ished</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Polished to the highest degree of excellence; complete; perfect; as, a <i>finished</i> poem; a <i>finished</i> education.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Finished work</b></col> <i>(Mach.)</i>, <cd>work that is made smooth or polished, though not necessarily completed.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fin"ish*er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who finishes, puts an end to, completes, or perfects; esp. used in the trades, as in hatting, weaving, etc., for the workman who gives a finishing touch to the work, or any part of it, and brings it to perfection.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>O prophet of glad tidings, <i>finisher</i><BR> Of utmost hope!</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Something that gives the finishing touch to, or settles, anything.</def> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><hw>Fin"ish*ing</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The act or process of completing or perfecting; the final work upon or ornamentation of a thing.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fin"ish*ing</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Tending to complete or to render fit for the market or for use.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Finishing coat</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <i>(Plastering)</i> <cd>the final coat of plastering applied to walls and ceilings, usually white and rubbed smooth.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <i>(Painting)</i> <cd>The final coat of paint, usually differently mixed applied from the others.</cd> — <col><b>Finishing press</b></col>, <cd>a machine for pressing fabrics.</cd> — <col><b>Finishing rolls</b></col> <i>(Iron Working)</i>, <cd>the rolls of a train which receive the bar from roughing rolls, and reduce it to its finished shape.</cd> <i>Raymond.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fi"nite</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>finitus</i>, p. p. of <i>finire</i>. See <u>Finish</u>, and cf. <u>Fine</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <def>Having a limit; limited in quantity, degree, or capacity; bounded; — opposed to <i>infinite</i>; as, <i>finite</i> number; <i>finite</i> existence; a <i>finite</i> being; a <i>finite</i> mind; <i>finite</i> duration.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fi"nite*less</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Infinite.</def> [Obs.] <i>Sir T. browne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fi"nite*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a finite manner or degree.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fi"nite*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The state of being finite.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fin"i*tude</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>finire</i>. See <u>Finish</u>.] <def>Limitation.</def> <i>Cheyne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fin"land*er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A native or inhabitant of Finland.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fin"less</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>destitute of fins.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fin"let</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Fin</i> + <i>- let</i>.] <def>A little fin; one of the parts of a divided fin.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fin"like`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Resembling a fin.</def></p>

<p><hw>Finn</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>A native of Finland; one of the Finn&?; in the ethnological sense. See <u>Finns</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fin"nan had"die</hw> (?). [See <u>Haddock</u>.] <def>Haddock cured in peat smoke, originally at Findon (pron. f&ibreve;n"<i>a</i>n), Scotland. the name is also applied to other kinds of smoked haddock.</def> [Written also <i>finnan haddock</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Finned</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having a fin, or fins, or anything resembling a fin.</def> <i>Mortimer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fin"ner</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A finback whale.</def></p>

<p><hw>Finn"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to the Finns.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fin"ni*kin</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A variety of pigeon, with a crest somewhat resembling the mane of a horse.</def> [Written also <i>finikin</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Finn"ish</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to Finland, to the Finns, or to their language.</def> — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A Northern Turanian group of languages; the language of the Finns.</def></p>

<p><hw>Finns</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos>; sing. <singw><b>Finn</b></singw>. <i>(Ethnol.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>Natives of Finland; Finlanders.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A branch of the Mongolian race, inhabiting Northern and Eastern Europe, including the Magyars, Bulgarians, Permians, Lapps, and Finlanders.</def> [Written also <i>Fins</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Fin"ny</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Having, or abounding in, fins, as fishes; pertaining to fishes.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Abounding in fishes.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>With patient angle trolls the <i>finny</i> deep.</blockquote> <i>Goldsmoth.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Fi*no"chi*o</hw> (?; 277), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [It. <i>finocchio</i> fennel, LL. <i>fenuclum</i>. See <u>Fennel</u>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>An umbelliferous plant (<i>F&oelig;niculum dulce</i>) having a somewhat tuberous stem; sweet fennel. The blanched stems are used in France and Italy as a culinary vegetable.</def></p>

<p><! p. 562 !></p>

<p><hw>||Fi"nos</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [Sp., pl., fr. <i>fino</i> fine.] <def>Second best wool from Merino sheep.</def> <i>Gardner.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fin"pike`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The bichir. See <u>Crossopterygii</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fint</hw> (?), <def><pos><i>3d pers. sing. pr.</i></pos> of <u>Find</u>, for <i>findeth</i>.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fin"-toed`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Having toes connected by a membrane; palmiped; palmated; also, lobate.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Fiord</hw> (fy&?;rd; <i>i</i> or <i>y</i> consonant, &sect; 272), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Dan. & Norw. <i>fiord</i>. See <u>Frith</u>.] <def>A narrow inlet of the sea, penetrating between high banks or rocks, as on the coasts of Norway and Alaska.</def> [Written also <i>fjord</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Fi"o*rin</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. Ir. <i>fiothran</i> a sort of grass.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A species of creeping bent grass (<i>Agrostis alba</i>); — called also <i>fiorin grass</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fi"o*rite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Min.)</i> <def>A variety of opal occuring in the cavities of volcanic tufa, in smooth and shining globular and botryoidal masses, having a pearly luster; - - so called from <i>Fiora</i>, in Ischia.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Fio`ri*tu"re</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [It., pl. of <i>fioritura</i> a flowering.] <i>(Mus.)</i> <def>Little flowers of ornament introduced into a melody by a singer or player.</def> </p>

<p><hw>Fip"pen*ny bit`</hw> (? or ?). [Corruption of <i>five penny bit</i>.] <def>The Spanish half real, or one sixteenth of a dollar, - - so called in Pennsylvania and the adjacent States.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p>&fist; Before the act of Congress, Feb. 21, 1857, caused the adoption of decimal coins and the withdrawal of foreign coinage from circulation, this coin passed currently for 6&frac14; cents, and was called in New England a <i>fourpence ha'penny</i> or <i>fourpence</i>; in New York a <i>sixpence</i>; in Pennsylvania, Virginia, etc., a <i>fip</i>; and in Louisiana, a <i>picayune</i>.</p>

<p><hw>Fip"ple</hw> (f&etilde;r), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [perh. fr. L. <i>fibula</i> a clasp, a pin; cf. Prov. E. <i>fible</i> a stick used to stir pottage.] <def>A stopper, as in a wind instrument of music.</def> [Obs.] <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fir</hw> (f&etilde;r), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Dan. <i>fyr</i>, <i>fyrr</i>; akin to Sw. <i>furu</i>, Icel. <i>fura</i>, AS. <i>furh</i> in <i>furh</i>wudu fir wood, G. <i>f&ouml;hre</i>, OHG. <i>forha</i> pine, <i>vereh</i>eih a sort of oak, L. <i>quercus</i> oak.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A genus (<i>Abies</i>) of coniferous trees, often of large size and elegant shape, some of them valued for their timber and others for their resin. The species are distinguished as the <i>balsam fir</i>, the <i>silver fir</i>, the <i>red fir</i>, etc. The <i>Scotch fir</i> is a <i>Pinus</i>.</def></p>

<p>&fist; <i>Fir</i> in the Bible means any one of several coniferous trees, including, cedar, cypress, and probably three species of pine. <i>J. D. Hooker.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fire</hw> (f&imacr;r), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>fir</i>, <i>fyr</i>, <i>fur</i> AS. <i>f&ymacr;r</i>; akin to D. <i>vuur</i>, OS. & OHG. <i>fiur</i>, G. <i>feuer</i>, Icel. <i>f&ymacr;ri</i>, <i>f&umacr;rr</i>, Gr. <grk>py^r</grk>, and perh. to L. <i>purus</i> pure, E. <i>pure</i> Cf. <u>Empyrean</u>, <u>Pyre</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The evolution of light and heat in the combustion of bodies; combustion; state of ignition.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The form of <i>fire</i> exhibited in the combustion of gases in an ascending stream or current is called <i>flame</i>. Anciently, <i>fire</i>, air, earth, and water were regarded as the four elements of which all things are composed.</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Fuel in a state of combustion, as on a hearth, or in a stove or a furnace.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>The burning of a house or town; a conflagration.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Anything which destroys or affects like fire.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>Ardor of passion, whether love or hate; excessive warmth; consuming violence of temper.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>he had <i>fire</i> in his temper.</blockquote> <i>Atterbury.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>Liveliness of imagination or fancy; intellectual and moral enthusiasm; capacity for ardor and zeal.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>And bless their critic with a poet's <i>fire</i>.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <def>Splendor; brilliancy; luster; hence, a star.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Stars, hide your <i>fires</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>As in a zodiac<BR> representing the heavenly <i>fires</i>.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>8.</b></sn> <def>Torture by burning; severe trial or affliction.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>9.</b></sn> <def>The discharge of firearms; firing; as, the troops were exposed to a heavy <i>fire</i>.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Blue fire</b></col>, <col><b>Red fire</b></col>, <col><b>Green fire</b></col> <i>(Pyrotech.)</i>, <cd>compositions of various combustible substances, as sulphur, niter, lampblack, etc., the flames of which are colored by various metallic salts, as those of antimony, strontium, barium, etc.</cd> — <col><b>Fire alarm</b></col> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>A signal given on the breaking out of a fire.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>An apparatus for giving such an alarm.</cd> — <col><b>Fire annihilator</b></col>, <cd>a machine, device, or preparation to be kept at hand for extinguishing fire by smothering it with some incombustible vapor or gas, as carbonic acid.</cd> — <col><b>Fire balloon</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>A balloon raised in the air by the buoyancy of air heated by a fire placed in the lower part</cd>. <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>A balloon sent up at night with fireworks which ignite at a regulated height.</cd> <i>Simmonds.</i> — <col><b>Fire bar</b></col>, <cd>a grate bar.</cd> — <col><b>Fire basket</b></col>, <cd>a portable grate; a cresset.</cd> <i>Knight.</i> — <col><b>Fire beetle</b></col>. <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <cd>See in the Vocabulary.</cd> — <col><b>Fire blast</b></col>, <cd>a disease of plants which causes them to appear as if burnt by fire.</cd> — <col><b>Fire box</b></col>, <cd>the chamber of a furnace, steam boiler, etc., for the fire.</cd> — <col><b>Fire brick</b></col>, <cd>a refractory brick, capable of sustaining intense heat without fusion, usually made of fire clay or of siliceous material, with some cementing substance, and used for lining fire boxes, etc.</cd> — <col><b>Fire brigade</b></col>, <cd>an organized body of men for extinguished fires.</cd> — <col><b>Fire bucket</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Bucket</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Fire bug</b></col>, <cd>an incendiary; one who, from malice or through mania, persistently sets fire to property; a pyromaniac.</cd> [U.S.] — <col><b>Fire clay</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Clay</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Fire company</b></col>, <cd>a company of men managing an engine in extinguishing fires.</cd> — <col><b>Fire cross</b></col>. <cd>See <u>Fiery cross</u>.</cd> [Obs.] <i>Milton.</i> — <col><b>Fire damp</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Damp</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Fire dog</b></col>. <cd>See <u>Firedog</u>, in the Vocabulary.</cd> — <col><b>Fire drill</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>A series of evolutions performed by fireman for practice</cd>. <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>An apparatus for producing fire by friction, by rapidly twirling a wooden pin in a wooden socket; — used by the Hindoos during all historic time, and by many savage peoples.</cd> — <col><b>Fire eater</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>A juggler who pretends to eat fire.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>A quarrelsome person who seeks affrays; a hotspur.</cd> [Colloq.] — <col><b>Fire engine</b></col>, <cd>a portable forcing pump, usually on wheels, for throwing water to extinguish fire.</cd> — <col><b>Fire escape</b></col>, <cd>a contrivance for facilitating escape from burning buildings.</cd> — <col><b>Fire gilding</b></col> <i>(Fine Arts)</i>, <cd>a mode of gilding with an amalgam of gold and quicksilver, the latter metal being driven off afterward by heat.</cd> — <col><b>Fire gilt</b></col> <i>(Fine Arts)</i>, <cd>gold laid on by the process of fire gilding.</cd> — <col><b>Fire insurance</b></col>, <cd>the act or system of insuring against fire; also, a contract by which an insurance company undertakes, in consideration of the payment of a premium or small percentage — usually made periodically — to indemnify an owner of property from loss by fire during a specified period.</cd> — <col><b>Fire irons</b></col>, <cd>utensils for a fireplace or grate, as tongs, poker, and shovel.</cd> — <col><b>Fire main</b></col>, <cd>a pipe for water, to be used in putting out fire.</cd> — <col><b>Fire master</b></col> <sd><i>(Mil)</i></sd>, <cd>an artillery officer who formerly supervised the composition of fireworks.</cd> — <col><b>Fire office</b></col>, <cd>an office at which to effect insurance against fire.</cd> — <col><b>Fire opal</b></col>, <cd>a variety of opal giving firelike reflections.</cd> — <col><b>Fire ordeal</b></col>, <cd>an ancient mode of trial, in which the test was the ability of the accused to handle or tread upon red-hot irons.</cd> <i>Abbot.</i> — <col><b>Fire pan</b></col>, <cd>a pan for holding or conveying fire, especially the receptacle for the priming of a gun.</cd> — <col><b>Fire plug</b></col>, <cd>a plug or hydrant for drawing water from the main pipes in a street, building, etc., for extinguishing fires.</cd> — <col><b>Fire policy</b></col>, <cd>the writing or instrument expressing the contract of insurance against loss by fire.</cd> — <col><b>Fire pot</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <i>(Mil.)</i> <cd>A small earthen pot filled with combustibles, formerly used as a missile in war.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>The cast iron vessel which holds the fuel or fire in a furnace.</cd> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <cd>A crucible.</cd> <sd><i>(d)</i></sd> <cd>A solderer's furnace.</cd> — <col><b>Fire raft</b></col>, <cd>a raft laden with combustibles, used for setting fire to an enemy's ships.</cd> — <col><b>Fire roll</b></col>, <cd>a peculiar beat of the drum to summon men to their quarters in case of fire.</cd> — <col><b>Fire setting</b></col> <i>(Mining)</i>, <cd>the process of softening or cracking the working face of a lode, to facilitate excavation, by exposing it to the action of fire; — now generally superseded by the use of explosives.</cd> <i>Raymond.</i> — <col><b>Fire ship</b></col>, <cd>a vessel filled with combustibles, for setting fire to an enemy's ships.</cd> — <col><b>Fire shovel</b></col>, <cd>a shovel for taking up coals of fire.</cd> — <col><b>Fire stink</b></col>, <cd>the stench from decomposing iron pyrites, caused by the formation of sulphureted hydrogen.</cd> <i>Raymond.</i> — <col><b>Fire surface</b></col>, <cd>the surfaces of a steam boiler which are exposed to the direct heat of the fuel and the products of combustion; heating surface.</cd> — <col><b>Fire swab</b></col>, <cd>a swab saturated with water, for cooling a gun in action and clearing away particles of powder, etc.</cd> <i>Farrow.</i> — <col><b>Fire teaser</b></col>, <cd>in England, the fireman of a steam emgine.</cd> — <col><b>Fire water</b></col>, <cd>ardent spirits; — so called by the American Indians.</cd> — <col><b>Fire worship</b></col>, <cd>the worship of fire, which prevails chiefly in Persia, among the followers of Zoroaster, called <i>Chebers</i>, or <i>Guebers</i>, and among the Parsees of India.</cd> — <col><b>Greek fire</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Greek</u>.</cd> — <col><b>On fire</b></col>, <cd>burning; hence, ardent; passionate; eager; zealous.</cd> — <col><b>Running fire</b></col>, <cd>the rapid discharge of firearms in succession by a line of troops.</cd> — <col><b>St. Anthony's fire</b></col>, <cd>erysipelas; — an eruptive fever which St. Anthony was supposed to cure miraculously.</cd> <i>Hoblyn.</i> — <col><b>St. Elmo's fire</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Saint Elmo</u>.</cd> — <col><b>To set on fire</b></col>, <cd>to inflame; to kindle.</cd> — <col><b>To take fire</b></col>, <cd>to begin to burn; to fly into a passion.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fire</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Fired</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Fring</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To set on fire; to kindle; as, to <i>fire</i> a house or chimney; to <i>fire</i> a pile.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To subject to intense heat; to bake; to burn in a kiln; as, to <i>fire</i> pottery.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To inflame; to irritate, as the passions; as, to <i>fire</i> the soul with anger, pride, or revenge.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Love had <i>fired</i> my mind.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To animate; to give life or spirit to; as, to <i>fire</i> the genius of a young man.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>To feed or serve the fire of; as, to <i>fire</i> a boiler.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>To light up as if by fire; to illuminate.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>[The sun] <i>fires</i> the proud tops of the eastern pines.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <def>To cause to explode; as, to <i>fire</i> a torpedo; to disharge; as, to <i>fire</i> a musket or cannon; to <i>fire</i> cannon balls, rockets, etc.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>8.</b></sn> <def>To drive by fire.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Till my bad angel <i>fire</i> my good one out.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>9.</b></sn> <i>(Far.)</i> <def>To cauterize.</def></p>

<p><col><b>To fire up</b></col>, <cd>to light up the fires of, as of an engine.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fire</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To take fire; to be kindled; to kindle.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To be irritated or inflamed with passion.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To discharge artillery or firearms; as, they <i>fired</i> on the town.</def></p>

<p><col><b>To fire up</b></col>, <cd>to grow irritated or angry.</cd> "He . . . <i>fired up</i>, and stood vigorously on his defense." <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fire"arm`</hw> (-&auml;rm`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A gun, pistol, or any weapon from which a shot is discharged by the force of an explosive substance, as gunpowder.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fire"back`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of several species of pheasants of the genus <i>Euplocamus</i>, having the lower back a bright, fiery red. They inhabit Southern Asia and the East Indies.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fire"ball`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <i>(Mil.)</i> <def>A ball filled with powder or other combustibles, intended to be thrown among enemies, and to injure by explosion; also, to set fire to their works and light them up, so that movements may be seen.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A luminous meteor, resembling a ball of fire passing rapidly through the air, and sometimes exploding.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fire"bare`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A beacon.</def> [Obs.] <i>Burrill.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fire" bee`tle</hw> (?). <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A very brilliantly luminous beetle (<i>Pyrophorus noctilucus</i>), one of the elaters, found in Central and South America; — called also <i>cucujo</i>. The name is also applied to other species. See <u>Firefly</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fire"bird`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The Baltimore oriole.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fire"board`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A chimney board or screen to close a fireplace when not in use.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fire"bote`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(O. Eng. Law)</i> <def>An allowance of fuel. See <u>Bote</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fire"brand`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A piece of burning wood.</def> <i>L'Estrange.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>One who inflames factions, or causes contention and mischief; an incendiary.</def> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fire"crack`er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Cracker</u>., <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, 3.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fire"crest`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A small European kinglet (<i>Regulus ignicapillus</i>), having a bright red crest; — called also <i>fire-crested wren</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fire"dog`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A support for wood in a fireplace; an andiron.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fire"drake`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>f&ymacr;rdraca</i>; <i>f&ymacr;r</i> fire + <i>draca</i> a dragon. See <u>Fire</u>, and <u>Drake</u> a dragon.] [Obs.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A fiery dragon.</def> <i>Beau. & Fl.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A fiery meteor; an ignis fatuus; a rocket.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A worker at a furnace or fire.</def> <i>B. Jonson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fire"-fanged`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Fire</i> + <i>fanged</i> seized.] <def>Injured as by fire; burned; — said of manure which has lost its goodness and acquired an ashy hue in consequence of heat generated by decomposition.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fire"fish`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A singular marine fish of the genus <i>Pterois</i>, family <i>Scorp&aelig;nid&aelig;</i>, of several species, inhabiting the Indo-Pacific region. They are usually red, and have very large spinose pectoral and dorsal fins.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fire"flaire`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Fire</i> + Prov. E. <i>flaire</i> a ray.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A European sting ray of the genus <i>Trygon</i> (<i>T. pastinaca</i>); — called also <i>fireflare</i> and <i>fiery flaw</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fire"flame`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The European band fish (<i>Cepola rubescens</i>).</def></p>

<p><hw>Fire"fly`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Fireflies</b></plw> (&?;). <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any luminous winged insect, esp. luminous beetles of the family <i>Lampyrid&aelig;</i>.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The common American species belong to the genera <i>Photinus</i> and <i>Photuris</i>, in which both sexes are winged. The name is also applied to luminous species of <i>Elaterid&aelig;</i>. See <u>Fire beetle</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Fire"less</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Destitute of fire.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fire"lock`</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>An old form of gunlock, as the flintlock, which ignites the priming by a spark; perhaps originally, a matchlock. Hence, a gun having such a lock.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fire"man</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Firemen</b></plw> (-m<i>e</i>n). <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A man whose business is to extinguish fires in towns; a member of a fire company.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A man who tends the fires, as of a steam engine; a stocker.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fire"-new`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Fresh from the forge; bright; quite new; brand-new.</def> <i>Charles reade.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Your <i>fire-new</i> stamp of honor is scarce current.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fire"place`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The part a chimney appropriated to the fire; a hearth; — usually an open recess in a wall, in which a fire may be built.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fire"proof`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Proof against fire; incombustible.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fire"proof`ing</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The act or process of rendering anything incombustible; also, the materials used in the process.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fir"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who fires or sets fire to anything; an incendiary.</def> [R.] <i>R. Carew.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fire"-set`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A set of fire irons, including, commonly, tongs, shovel, and poker.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fire"side`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A place near the fire or hearth; home; domestic life or retirement.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fire"stone`</hw> (?; 110), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>f&ymacr;rst&amacr;n</i> flint; <i>f&ymacr;r</i> fire + <i>st&amacr;n</i> stone.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Iron pyrites, formerly used for striking fire; also, a flint.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A stone which will bear the heat of a furnace without injury; — especially applied to the sandstone at the top of the upper greensand in the south of England, used for lining kilns and furnaces.</def> <i>Ure.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fire"tail`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The European redstart; — called also <i>fireflirt</i>.</def> [prov. Eng.]</p>

<p><hw>Fire"ward`en</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>An officer who has authority to direct in the extinguishing of fires, or to order what precautions shall be taken against fires; — called also <i>fireward</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fire"weed`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>An American plant (<i>Erechthites hiercifolia</i>), very troublesome in spots where brushwood has been burned.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The great willow-herb (<i>Epilobium spicatum</i>).</def></p>

<p><hw>Fire"wood`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Wood for fuel.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fire"work`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A device for producing a striking display of light, or a figure or figures in plain or colored fire, by the combustion of materials that burn in some peculiar manner, as gunpowder, sulphur, metallic filings, and various salts. The most common feature of fireworks is a paper or pasteboard tube filled with the combustible material. A number of these tubes or cases are often combined so as to make, when kindled, a great variety of figures in fire, often variously colored. The skyrocket is a common form of <i>firework</i>. The name is also given to various combustible preparations used in war.</def><BR> [1913 Webster]</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>pl.</i> <def>A pyrotechnic exhibition.</def> [Obs. in the sing.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Night before last, the Duke of Richmond gave a <i>firework</i>.</blockquote> <i>Walpole.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fire"worm`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The larva of a small tortricid moth which eats the leaves of the cranberry, so that the vines look as if burned; — called also <i>cranberry worm</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fir"ing</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of discharging firearms.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The mode of introducing fuel into the furnace and working it.</def> <i>Knight.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>The application of fire, or of a cautery.</def> <i>Dunglison.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>The process of partly vitrifying pottery by exposing it to intense heat in a kiln.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>Fuel; firewood or coal.</def> [Obs.] <i>Mortimer.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Firing iron</b></col>, <cd>an instrument used in cauterizing.</cd></p>

<p><! p. 563 !></p>

<p><hw>Firk</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [Cf. OE. <i>ferken</i> to proceed, hasten, AS. <i>fercian</i> to bring, assist; perh. akin to <i>faran</i> to go, E. <i>fare</i>.] <def>To beat; to strike; to chastise.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>I'll fer him, and <i>firk</i> him, and ferret him.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Firk</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To fly out; to turn out; to go off.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>A wench is a rare bait, with which a man</blockquote></p>

<p><blockquote>No sooner's taken but he straight <i>firks</i> mad.B.Jonson.</blockquote></p>

<p><hw>Firk</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A freak; trick; quirk.</def> [Obs.] <i>Ford.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fir"kin</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From AS. <i>fe&oacute;wer</i> four (or an allied word, perh. Dutch or Danish) + <i>-kin</i>. See <u>Four</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A varying measure of capacity, usually being the fourth part of a barrel; specifically, a measure equal to nine imperial gallons.</def> [Eng.]</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A small wooden vessel or cask of indeterminate size, — used for butter, lard, etc.</def> [U.S.]</p>

<p><hw>Fir"lot</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Scot., the fourth part of a boll of grain, from a word equiv. to E. <i>four + lot</i> part, portion. See <u>Firkin</u>.] <def>A dry measure formerly used in Scotland; the fourth part of a boll of grain or meal. The Linlithgow wheat firlot was to the imperial bushel as 998 to 1000; the barley firlot as 1456 to 1000.</def> <i>Brande & C.</i></p>

<p><hw>Firm</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<pos><i>Compar.</i></pos> <u>Firmer</u> (?); <pos><i>superl.</i></pos> <u>Firmest</u>.] [OE. <i>ferme</i>, F. <i>ferme</i>, fr.L. <i>firmus</i>; cf. Skr. <i>dharman</i> support, law, order, <i>dh&?;</i> to hold fast, carry. Cf. <u>Farm</u>, <u>Throne</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Fixed; hence, closely compressed; compact; substantial; hard; solid; — applied to the matter of bodies; as, <i>firm</i> flesh; <i>firm</i> muscles, <i>firm</i> wood.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Not easily excited or disturbed; unchanging in purpose; fixed; steady; constant; stable; unshaken; not easily changed in feelings or will; strong; as, a <i>firm</i> believer; a <i>firm</i> friend; a <i>firm</i> adherent.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Under spread ensigns, moving nigh, in slow<BR> But <i>firm</i> battalion.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>By one man's <i>firm</i> obediency fully tried.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Solid; — opposed to <i>fluid</i>; as, <i>firm</i> land.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Indicating firmness; as, a <i>firm</i> tread; a <i>firm</i> countenance.</def></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Compact; dense; hard; solid; stanch; robust; strong; sturdly; fixed; steady; resolute; constant.</p>

<p><hw>Firm</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [It. <i>firma</i> the (firm, sure, or confirming) signature or subscription, or Pg. <i>firma</i> signature, firm, cf. Sp. <i>firma</i> signature; all fr. L. <i>firmus</i>, adj., firm. See <u>Firm</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <def>The name, title, or style, under which a company transacts business; a partnership of two or more persons; a commercial house; as, the <i>firm</i> of Hope & Co.</def></p>

<p><hw>Firm</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [OE. <i>fermen</i> to make firm, F. <i>fermer</i>, fr. L. <i>firmare</i> to make firm. See <u>Firm</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To fix; to settle; to confirm; to establish.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>And Jove has <i>firmed</i> it with an awful nod.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To fix or direct with firmness.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>He on his card and compass <i>firms</i> his eye.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fir"ma*ment</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>firmamentum</i>, fr. <i>firmare</i> to make firm: cf. F. <i>firmament</i>. See <u>Firm</u>, <pos><i>v. & a.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Fixed foundation; established basis.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Custom is the . . . <i>firmament</i> of the law.</blockquote> <i>Jer. Taylor.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The region of the air; the sky or heavens.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>And God said, Let there be a <i>firmament</i> in the midst of the waters, and let it divide the waters from the waters.</blockquote> <i>Gen. i. 6.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>And God said, Let there be lights in the <i>firmament</i>.</blockquote> <i>Gen. i. 14.</i></p>

<p>&fist; In Scripture, the word denotes an expanse, a wide extent; the great arch or expanse over out heads, in which are placed the atmosphere and the clouds, and in which the stars <i>appear</i> to be placed, and are <i>really</i> seen.</p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Old Astron.)</i> <def>The orb of the fixed stars; the most rmote of the celestial spheres.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fir`ma*men"tal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pertaining to the firmament; celestial; being of the upper regions.</def> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fir"man</hw> (? or ?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Firmans</b></plw> (#) <i>or</i> (#). [Pers. <i>ferm&amacr;n</i>.] <def>In Turkey and some other Oriental countries, a decree or mandate issued by the sovereign; a royal order or grant; — generally given for special objects, as to a traveler to insure him protection and assistance.</def> [Written also <i>firmaun</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Firm"er-chis"el</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A chisel, thin in proportion to its width. It has a tang to enter the handle instead of a socket for receiving it.</def> <i>Knight.</i></p>

<p><hw>Firm"i*tude</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>firmitudo</i>. See <u>Firm</u>.] <def>Strength; stability.</def> [Obs.] <i>Bp. Hall.</i></p>

<p><hw>Firm"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>firmitas</i>.] <def>Strength; firmness; stability.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chillingworth.</i></p>

<p><hw>Firm"less</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Detached from substance.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Does passion still the <i>firmless</i> mind control?</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Infirm; unstable.</def> "<i>Firmless</i> sands." <i>Sylvester.</i></p>

<p><hw>Firm"ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a firm manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Firm"ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The state or quality of being firm.</def></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — <u>Firmness</u>, <u>Constancy</u>. <i>Firmness</i> belongs to the will, and <i>constancy</i> to the affections and principles; the former prevents us from yielding, and the latter from fluctuating. Without <i>firmness</i> a man has no character; "without <i>constancy</i>," says Addison, "there is neither love, friendship, nor virtue in the world."</p>

<p><hw>Firms</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [From <u>Firm</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>The principal rafters of a roof, especially a pair of rafters taken together.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Fir"ring</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>See <u>Furring</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fir"ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Made of fir; abounding in firs.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>In <i>firry</i> woodlands making moan.</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><hw>First</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [OE. <i>first</i>, <i>furst</i>, AS. <i>fyrst</i>; akin to Icel. <i>fyrstr</i>, Sw. & Dan. <i>f&ouml;rste</i>, OHG. <i>furist</i>, G. <i>f&uuml;rst</i> prince; a superlatiye form of E. <i>for</i>, <i>fore</i>. See <u>For</u>, <u>Fore</u>, and cf. <u>Formeer</u>, <u>Foremost</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Preceding all others of a series or kind; the ordinal of one; earliest; as, the <i>first</i> day of a month; the <i>first</i> year of a reign.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Foremost; in front of, or in advance of, all others.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Most eminent or exalted; most excellent; chief; highest; as, Demosthenes was the <i>first</i> orator of Greece.</def></p>

<p><col><b>At first blush</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Blush</u>.</cd> — <col><b>At first hand</b></col>, <cd>from the first or original source; without the intervention of any agent.</cd></p>

<p><blockquote>It is the intention of the person to reveal it <i>at first hand</i>, by way of mouth, to yourself.</blockquote> <i>Dickens.</i></p>

<p>— <col><b>First coat</b></col> <i>(Plastering)</i>, <cd>the solid foundation of coarse stuff, on which the rest is placed; it is thick, and crossed with lines, so as to give a bond for the next coat.</cd> — <col><b>First day</b></col>, <cd>Sunday; — so called by the Friends.</cd> — <col><b>First floor</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>The ground floor.</cd> [U.S.] <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>The floor next above the ground floor.</cd> [Eng.] — <col><b>First</b></col> <col><b>fruit or fruits</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>The fruits of the season earliest gathered.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <i>(Feudal Law)</i> <cd>One year's profits of lands belonging to the king on the death of a tenant who held directly from him.</cd> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <i>(Eng. Eccl. Law)</i> <cd>The first year's whole profits of a benefice or spiritual living.</cd> <sd><i>(d)</i></sd> <cd>The earliest effects or results.</cd></p>

<p><blockquote>See, Father, what <i>first fruits</i> on earth are sprung<BR> From thy implanted grace in man!</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p>— <col><b>First mate</b></col>, <cd>an officer in a merchant vessel next in rank to the captain.</cd> — <col><b>First name</b></col>, <cd>same as <i>Christian name</i>. See under <u>Name</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></cd> — <col><b>First officer</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>in the merchant service, same as <i>First mate</i> (above).</cd> — <col><b>First sergeant</b></col> <i>(Mil.)</i>, <cd>the ranking non-commissioned officer in a company; the orderly sergeant.</cd> <i>Farrow.</i> — <col><b>First watch</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>the watch from eight to twelve at midnight; also, the men on duty during that time.</cd> — <col><b>First water</b></col>, <cd>the highest quality or purest luster; — said of gems, especially of diamond and pearls.</cd></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Primary; primordial; primitive; primeval; pristine; highest; chief; principal; foremost.</p>

<p><hw>First</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>Before any other person or thing in time, space, rank, etc.; — much used in composition with adjectives and participles.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Adam was <i>first</i> formed, then Eve.</blockquote> <i>1 Tim. ii. 13.</i></p>

<p> <col><b>At first</b></col>, <col><b>At the first</b></col>, <cd>at the beginning or origin.</cd> — <col><b>First or last</b></col>, <cd>at one time or another; at the beginning or end.</cd></p>

<p><blockquote>And all are fools and lovers <i>first or last</i>.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>First</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Mus.)</i> <def>The upper part of a duet, trio, etc., either vocal or instrumental; — so called because it generally expresses the air, and has a pre&euml;minence in the combined effect.</def></p>

<p><hw>First"born`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>First brought forth; first in the order of nativity; eldest; hence, most excellent; most distinguished or exalted.</def></p>

<p><hw>First"-class`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of the best class; of the highest rank; in the first division; of the best quality; first-rate; as, a <i>first-class</i> telescope.</def></p>

<p><col><b>First-class car</b></col> or <col><b>First-class railway carriage</b></col>, <cd>any passenger car of the highest regular class, and intended for passengers who pay the highest regular rate; — distinguished from a <i>second-class car</i>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>First"-hand`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Obtained directly from the first or original source; hence, without the intervention of an agent.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>One sphere there is . . . where the apprehension of him is <i>first-hand</i> and direct; and that is the sphere of our own mind.</blockquote> <i>J. Martineau.</i></p>

<p><hw>First"ling</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>First</i> + <i>- ling</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The first produce or offspring; — said of animals, especially domestic animals; as, the <i>firstlings</i> of his flock.</def> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The thing first thought or done.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The very <i>firstlings</i> of my heart shall be<BR> The <i>firstlings</i> of my hand.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>First"ling</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Firstborn.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>All the <i>firstling</i> males.</blockquote> <i>Deut. xv. 19.</i></p>

<p><hw>First"ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In the first place; before anything else; — sometimes improperly used for <i>first</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>First"-rate`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of the highest excellence; pre&euml;minent in quality, size, or estimation.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Our only <i>first-rate</i> body of contemporary poetry is the German.</blockquote> <i>M. Arnold.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Hermocrates . . . a man of <i>first-rate</i> ability.</blockquote> <i>Jowett (Thucyd).</i></p>

<p><hw>First"-rate`</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>A war vessel of the highest grade or the most powerful class.</def></p>

<p><hw>Firth</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Scot. See <u>Frith</u>.] <i>(geog.)</i> <def>An arm of the sea; a frith.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fir" tree`</hw> (?). <def>See <u>Fir</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fisc</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>fisc</i>, fr. L. <i>fiscus</i> basket, money basket, treasury; prob. akin to <i>fascis</i> bundle. See <u>Fasces</u>.] <def>A public or state treasury.</def> <i>Burke.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fis"cal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [F. <i>fiscal</i>, L. <i>fiscalis</i>, fr. <i>fiscus</i>. See <u>Fisc</u>.] <def>Pertaining to the public treasury or revenue.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>fiscal</i> arreangements of government.</blockquote> <i>A&gt;Hamilton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fis"cal</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The income of a prince or a state; revenue; exhequer.</def> [Obs.] <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A treasurer.</def> <i>H. Swinburne.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A public officer in Scotland who prosecutes in petty criminal cases; — called also <i>procurator fiscal</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>The solicitor in Spain and Portugal; the attorney-general.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fi*set"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Pertaining to fustet or fisetin.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fis"e*tin</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [G. <i>fisett</i>holz a species of fustic.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A yellow crystalline substance extracted from fustet, and regarded as its essential coloring principle; — called also <i>fisetic acid</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fish</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>fiche</i> peg, mark, fr. <i>fisher</i> to fix.] <def>A counter, used in various games.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fish</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Fishes</b></plw> (#), <i>or collectively</i>, <plw><b>Fish</b></plw>. [OE. <i>fisch</i>, <i>fisc</i>, <i>fis</i>, AS. <i>fisc</i>; akin to D. <i>visch</i>, OS. & OHG. <i>fisk</i>, G. <i>fisch</i>, Icel. <i>fiskr</i>, Sw. & Dan. <i>fisk</i>, Goth. <i>fisks</i>, L. <i>piscis</i>, Ir. <i>iasg</i>. Cf. <u>Piscatorial</u>. In some cases, such as <i>fish</i> joint, <i>fish</i> plate, this word has prob. been confused with <i>fish</i>, fr. F. <i>fiche</i>a peg.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A name loosely applied in popular usage to many animals of diverse characteristics, living in the water.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>An oviparous, vertebrate animal usually having fins and a covering scales or plates. It breathes by means of gills, and lives almost entirely in the water. See <u>Pisces</u>.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The true fishes include the Teleostei (bony fishes), Ganoidei, Dipnoi, and Elasmobranchii or Selachians (sharks and skates). Formerly the leptocardia and Marsipobranciata were also included, but these are now generally regarded as two distinct classes, below the fishes.</p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>pl.</i> <def>The twelfth sign of the zodiac; Pisces.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>The flesh of fish, used as food.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <i>(Naut.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A purchase used to fish the anchor.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A piece of timber, somewhat in the form of a fish, used to strengthen a mast or yard.</def></p>

<p>&fist; <i>Fish</i> is used adjectively or as part of a compound word; as, <i>fish</i> line, <i>fish</i> pole, <i>fish</i> spear, <i>fish</i>-bellied.</p>

<p><col><b>Age of Fishes</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Age</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, 8.</cd> — <col><b>Fish ball</b></col>, <cd>fish (usually salted codfish) shared fine, mixed with mashed potato, and made into the form of a small, round cake.</cd> [U.S.] — <col><b>Fish bar</b></col>. <cd>Same as <i>Fish plate</i> (below).</cd> — <col><b>Fish beam</b></col> <i>(Mech.)</i>, <cd>a beam one of whose sides (commonly the under one) swells out like the belly of a fish.</cd> <i>Francis.</i> — <col><b>Fish crow</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a species of crow (<i>Corvus ossifragus</i>), found on the Atlantic coast of the United States. It feeds largely on fish.</cd> — <col><b>Fish culture</b></col>, <cd>the artifical breeding and rearing of fish; pisciculture.</cd> — <col><b>Fish davit</b></col>. <cd>See <u>Davit</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Fish day</b></col>, <cd>a day on which fish is eaten; a fast day.</cd> — <col><b>Fish duck</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>any species of merganser.</cd> — <col><b>Fish fall</b></col>, <cd>the tackle depending from the fish davit, used in hauling up the anchor to the gunwale of a ship.</cd> — <col><b>Fish garth</b></col>, <cd>a dam or weir in a river for keeping fish or taking them easily.</cd> - - <col><b>Fish glue</b></col>. <cd>See <u>Isinglass</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Fish joint</b></col>, <cd>a joint formed by a plate or pair of plates fastened upon two meeting beams, plates, etc., at their junction; — used largely in connecting the rails of railroads.</cd> — <col><b>Fish kettle</b></col>, <cd>a long kettle for boiling fish whole.</cd> — <col><b>Fish ladder</b></col>, <cd>a dam with a series of steps which fish can leap in order to ascend falls in a river.</cd> — <col><b>Fish line</b></col>, or <col><b>Fishing line</b></col>, <cd>a line made of twisted hair, silk, etc., used in angling.</cd> — <col><b>Fish louse</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>any crustacean parasitic on fishes, esp. the parasitic Copepoda, belonging to <i>Caligus</i>, <i>Argulus</i>, and other related genera. See <u>Branchiura</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Fish maw</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the stomach of a fish; also, the air bladder, or sound.</cd> — <col><b>Fish meal</b></col>, <cd>fish desiccated and ground fine, for use in soups, etc.</cd> — <col><b>Fish oil</b></col>, <cd>oil obtained from the bodies of fish and marine animals, as whales, seals, sharks, from cods' livers, etc.</cd> — <col><b>Fish owl</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a fish-eating owl of the Old World genera <i>Scotopelia</i> and <i>Ketupa</i>, esp. a large East Indian species (<i>K. Ceylonensis</i>).</cd> — <col><b>Fish plate</b></col>, <cd>one of the plates of a fish joint.</cd> — <col><b>Fish pot</b></col>, <cd>a wicker basket, sunk, with a float attached, for catching crabs, lobsters, etc.</cd> — <col><b>Fish pound</b></col>, <cd>a net attached to stakes, for entrapping and catching fish; a weir.</cd> [Local, U.S.] <i>Bartlett.</i> — <col><b>Fish slice</b></col>, <cd>a broad knife for dividing fish at table; a fish trowel.</cd> — <col><b>Fish slide</b></col>, <cd>an inclined box set in a stream at a small fall, or ripple, to catch fish descending the current.</cd> <i>Knight.</i> — <col><b>Fish sound</b></col>, <cd>the air bladder of certain fishes, esp. those that are dried and used as food, or in the arts, as for the preparation of isinglass.</cd> — <col><b>Fish story</b></col>, <cd>a story which taxes credulity; an extravagant or incredible narration.</cd> [Colloq. U.S.] <i>Bartlett.</i> — <col><b>Fish strainer</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>A metal colander, with handles, for taking fish from a boiler.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>A perforated earthenware slab at the bottom of a dish, to drain the water from a boiled fish.</cd> — <col><b>Fish trowel</b></col>, <cd>a fish slice.</cd> — <col><b>Fish</b></col> <col><b>weir or wear</b></col>, <cd>a weir set in a stream, for catching fish.</cd> — <col><b>Neither fish nor flesh</b></col> (Fig.), <cd>neither one thing nor the other.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fish</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Fished</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Fishing</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To attempt to catch fish; to be employed in taking fish, by any means, as by angling or drawing a net.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To seek to obtain by artifice, or indirectly to seek to draw forth; as, to <i>fish</i> for compliments.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Any other <i>fishing</i> question.</blockquote> <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fish</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [OE. <i>fischen</i>, <i>fisken</i>, <i>fissen</i>, AS. <i>fiscian</i>; akin to G. <i>fischen</i>, OHG. <i>fisc&?;n</i>, Goth. <i>fisk&?;n</i>. See <u>Fish</u> the animal.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To catch; to draw out or up; as, to <i>fish</i> up an anchor.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To search by raking or sweeping.</def> <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To try with a fishing rod; to catch fish in; as, to <i>fish</i> a stream.</def> <i>Thackeray.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To strengthen (a beam, mast, etc.), or unite end to end (two timbers, railroad rails, etc.) by bolting a plank, timber, or plate to the beam, mast, or timbers, lengthwise on one or both sides. See <i>Fish joint</i>, under <u>Fish</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></def></p>

<p><col><b>To fish the anchor</b></col>. <i>(Naut.)</i> <cd>See under <u>Anchor</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fish"-bel`lied</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Bellying or swelling out on the under side; as, a <i>fish-bellied</i> rail.</def> <i>Knight.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fish"-block`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Fish- tackle</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fish"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>fiscere</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who fishes.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A carnivorous animal of the Weasel family (<i>Mustela Canadensis</i>); the pekan; the "black cat."</def></p>

<p><hw>Fish"er*man</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Fishermen</b></plw> (&?;). <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One whose occupation is to catch fish.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>A ship or vessel employed in the business of taking fish, as in the cod fishery.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fish"er*y</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Fisheries</b></plw> (&?;). <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The business or practice of catching fish; fishing.</def> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A place for catching fish.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Law)</i> <def>The right to take fish at a certain place, or in particular waters.</def> <i>Abbott.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fish"ful</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Abounding with fish.</def> [R.] "My <i>fishful</i> pond." <i>R. Carew.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fish"gig`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A spear with barbed prongs used for harpooning fish.</def> <i>Knight.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fish"hawk`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The osprey (<i>Pandion halia&euml;tus</i>), found both in Europe and America; — so called because it plunges into the water and seizes fishes in its talons. Called also <i>fishing eagle</i>, and <i>bald buzzard</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fish"hook`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A hook for catching fish.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>A hook with a pendant, to the end of which the fish-tackle is hooked.</def> <i>Dana.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fish"i*fy</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To change to fish.</def> [R.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fish"i*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The state or quality of being fishy or fishlike.</def> <i>Pennant.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fish"ing</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act, practice, or art of one who fishes.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A fishery.</def> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fish"ing</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [From <u>Fishing</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <def>Pertaining to fishing; used in fishery; engaged in fishing; as, <i>fishing</i> boat; <i>fishing</i> tackle; <i>fishing</i> village.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Fishing fly</b></col>, <cd>an artificial fly for fishing.</cd> — <col><b>Fishing line</b></col>, <cd>a line used in catching fish.</cd> — <col><b>Fishing net</b></col>, <cd>a net of various kinds for catching fish; including the bag net, casting net, drag net, landing net, seine, shrimping net, trawl, etc.</cd> — <col><b>Fishing rod</b></col>, <cd>a long slender rod, to which is attached the line for angling.</cd> — <col><b>Fishing smack</b></col>, <cd>a sloop or other small vessel used in sea fishing.</cd> — <col><b>Fishing tackle</b></col>, <cd>apparatus used in fishing, as hook, line, rod, etc.</cd> — <col><b>Fishing tube</b></col> <i>(Micros.)</i>, <cd>a glass tube for selecting a microscopic object in a fluid.</cd></p>

<p><! p. 564 !></p>

<p><hw>Fish"like</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Like fish; suggestive of fish; having some of the qualities of fish.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A very ancient and <i>fishlike</i> smell.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fish"mon`ger</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A dealer in fish.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fish"skin`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The skin of a fish (dog fish, shark, etc.)</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>See <u>Ichthyosis</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fish"-tac`kle</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A tackle or purchase used to raise the flukes of the anchor up to the gunwale. The block used is called the <i>fish-block</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fish"-tail`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Like the of a fish; acting, or producing something, like the tail of a fish.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Fish-tail burner</b></col>, <cd>a gas burner that gives a spreading flame shaped somewhat like the tail of a fish.</cd> — <col><b>Fish-tail propeller</b></col> <i>(Steamship)</i>, <cd>a propeller with a single blade that oscillates like the tail of a fish when swimming.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fish"wife`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A fishwoman.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fish"wom`an</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Fishwomen</b></plw> (&?;). <def>A woman who retails fish.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fish"y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Consisting of fish; fishlike; having the qualities or taste of fish; abounding in fish.</def> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Extravagant, like some stories about catching fish; improbable; also, rank or foul.</def> [Colloq.] </p>

<p><hw>Fisk</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [Cf. Sw. <i>fjeska</i> to bustle about.] <def>To run about; to frisk; to whisk.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>He <i>fisks</i> abroad, and stirreth up erroneous opinions.</blockquote> <i>Latimer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fis`si*gem*ma"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>fissus</i> (p. p. of <i>findere</i> to split) + E. <i>gemmation</i>.] <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>A process of reproduction intermediate between fission and gemmation.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fis"sile</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>fissilis</i>, fr. <i>fissus</i>, p. p. of <i>findere</i> to split. See <u>Fissure</u>.] <def>Capable of being split, cleft, or divided in the direction of the grain, like wood, or along natural planes of cleavage, like crystals.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>This crystal is a pellucid, <i>fissile</i> stone.</blockquote> <i>Sir I. Newton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fis`si*lin"gual</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>fissus</i> (p. p. of <i>findere</i> to split) + E. <i>lingual</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Having the tongue forked.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Fis`si*lin"gui*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr. L. <i>fissus</i> (p. p. o f <i>findere</i> to split) + <i>lingua</i> tongue.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A group of Lacertilia having the tongue forked, including the common lizards.</def> [Written also <i>Fissilingues</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Fis*sil"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Quality of being fissile.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fis"sion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>fissio</i>. See <u>Fissure</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A cleaving, splitting, or breaking up into parts.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>A method of asexual reproduction among the lowest (unicellular) organisms by means of a process of self-division, consisting of gradual division or cleavage of the into two parts, each of which then becomes a separate and independent organisms; as when a cell in an animal or plant, or its germ, undergoes a spontaneous division, and the parts again subdivide. See <u>Segmentation</u>, and <i>Cell division</i>, under <u>Division</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A process by which certain coral polyps, echinoderms, annelids, etc., spontaneously subdivide, each individual thus forming two or more new ones. See <u>Strobilation</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fis`si*pal"mate</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>fissus</i> (p. p. of <i>findere</i> to split) + <i>palma</i> palm.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Semipalmate and loboped, as a grebe's foot. See <i>Illust.</i> under <u>Aves</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Fis*sip"a*ra</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Fissiparous</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Animals which reproduce by fission.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fis*sip"a*rism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Fissiparous</u>.] <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>Reproduction by spontaneous fission.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fis`si*par"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>Quality of being fissiparous; fissiparism.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fis*sip"a*rous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>fissus</i> (p. p. of <i>findere</i> to split) + <i>parere</i> to bring forth: cf. F. <i>fissipare</i>.] <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>Reproducing by spontaneous fission. See <u>Fission</u>.</def> — <wf>Fis*sip"a*rous*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Fis`si*pa"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>Reproduction by fission; fissiparism.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Fis"si*ped</hw> (?), <hw>Fis*sip"e*dal</hw> (?) }, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>fissip&egrave;de</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Having the toes separated to the base. [See <u>Aves</u>.]</def></p>

<p><hw>Fis"si*ped</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of the Fissipedia.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Fis`si*pe"di*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr. L. <i>fissus</i> (p. p. of <i>findere</i> to cleave) + <i>pes</i>, <i>pedis</i>, a foot.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A division of the Carnivora, including the dogs, cats, and bears, in which the feet are not webbed; — opposed to <i>Pinnipedia</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fis`si*ros"tral</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>fissirostre</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Having the bill cleft beyond the horny part, as in the case of swallows and goatsuckers.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Fis`si*ros"tres</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr. L. <i>fissus</i> (p. p. of <i>findere</i> to cleave) + <i>rostrum</i> beak.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A group of birds having the bill deeply cleft.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fis"sur*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pertaining to a fissure or fissures; as, the <i>fissural</i> pattern of a brain.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fis`su*ra"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>The act of dividing or opening; the state of being fissured.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fis"sure</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>fissura</i>, fr. <i>findere</i>, <i>fissum</i>, to cleave, split; akin to E. <i>bite</i>: cf. F. <i>fissure</i>.] <def>A narrow opening, made by the parting of any substance; a cleft; as, the <i>fissure</i> of a rock.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Cerebral fissures</b></col> <i>(Anat.)</i>, <cd>the furrows or clefts by which the surface of the cerebrum is divided; esp., the furrows first formed by the infolding of the whole wall of the cerebrum.</cd> — <col><b>Fissure needle</b></col> <i>(Surg.)</i>, <cd>a spiral needle for catching together the gaping lips of wounds.</cd> <i>Knight.</i> — <col><b>Fissure of rolando</b></col> <i>(Anat.)</i>, <cd>the furrow separating the frontal from the parietal lobe in the cerebrum.</cd> — <col><b>Fissure of Sylvius</b></col> <i>(Anat.)</i>, <cd>a deep cerebral fissure separating the frontal from the temporal lobe. See <i>Illust.</i> under <u>Brain</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Fissure vein</b></col> <i>(Mining)</i>, <cd>a crack in the earth's surface filled with mineral matter.</cd> <i>Raymond.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fis"sure</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To cleave; to divide; to crack or fracture.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Fis`su*rel"la</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., dim. of L. <i>fissura</i> a fissure.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A genus of marine gastropod mollusks, having a conical or limpetlike shell, with an opening at the apex; — called also <i>keyhole limpet</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fist</hw> (f&ibreve;st), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>fist</i>, <i>fust</i>, AS. <i>f&ymacr;st</i>; akin to D. <i>vuist</i>, OHG. <i>f&umacr;st</i>, G. <i>faust</i>, and prob. to L. <i>pugnus</i>, Gr. <grk>pygmh`</grk> fist, <grk>py`x</grk> with the fist. Cf. <u>Pugnacious</u>, <u>Pigmy</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The hand with the fingers doubled into the palm; the closed hand, especially as clinched tightly for the purpose of striking a blow.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Who grasp the earth and heaven with my <i>fist</i>.</blockquote> <i>Herbert.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The talons of a bird of prey.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>More light than culver in the falcon's <i>fist</i>.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(print.)</i> <def>the index mark [&fist;], used to direct special attention to the passage which follows.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Hand over fist</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>rapidly; hand over hand.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fist</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Fisted</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Fisting</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To strike with the fist.</def> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To gripe with the fist.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fist"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [From <u>Fist</u>.] <def>Pertaining to boxing, or to encounters with the fists; puglistic; as, <i>fistic</i> exploits; <i>fistic</i> heroes.</def> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><hw>Fist"i*cuff</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A cuff or blow with the fist or hand</def>; (<i>pl.</i>) <def>a fight with the fists; boxing.</def> <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fis"ti*nut</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. Fr. <i>fistinq</i>, <i>fistuq</i>. See <u>Pistachio</u>.] <def>A pistachio nut.</def> [Obs.] <i>Johnson.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Fis*tu"ca</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L.] <def>An instrument used by the ancients in driving piles.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Fis"tu*la</hw> (?; 135), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Fistul&aelig;</b></plw> (#). [L.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A reed; a pipe.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A pipe for convejing water.</def> [Obs.] <i>Knight.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>A permanent abnormal opening into the soft parts with a constant discharge; a deep, narrow, chronic abscess; an abnormal opening between an internal cavity and another cavity or the surface; as, a salivary <i>fistula</i>; an anal <i>fistula</i>; a recto-vaginal <i>fistula</i>.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Incomplete fistula</b></col> <i>(Med.)</i>, <cd>a fistula open at one end only.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fis"tu*lar</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>fistularis</i>: cf. F. <i>fistulaire</i>.] <def>Hollow and cylindrical, like a pipe or reed.</def> <i>Johnson.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Fis`tu*la"ri*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. L. <i>fistula</i> pipe.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A genus of fishes, having the head prolonged into a tube, with the mouth at the extremity.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fis`tu*la"ri*oid</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Fistularia</i> + <i>-oid</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Like or pertaining to the genus Fistularia.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fis"tu*late</hw> (?; 135), <pos><i>v. t. & i.</i></pos> [Cf. L. <i>fistulatus</i> furnished with pipes.] <def>To make hollow or become hollow like a fistula, or pipe.</def> [Obs.] "A <i>fistulated</i> ulcer." <i>Fuller.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fis"tule</hw> (?; 135), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A fistula.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fis"tu*li*form</hw> (? or ?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Fistula</i> + <i>-form</i>.] <def>Of a fistular form; tubular; pipe-shaped.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Stalactite often occurs <i>fistuliform</i>.</blockquote> <i>W. Philips.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fis"tu*lose`</hw> (?; 135), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>fistulosus</i>.] <def>Formed like a fistula; hollow; reedlike.</def> <i>Craig.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fis"tu*lous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>fistuleux</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Having the form or nature of a fistula; as, a <i>fistulous</i> ulcer.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Hollow, like a pipe or reed; fistulose.</def> <i>Lindley.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fit</hw> (?), <def><pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> of <u>Fight</u>.</def> [Obs. or Colloq.]</p>

<p><hw>Fit</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>fitt</i> a song.] <def>In Old English, a song; a strain; a canto or portion of a ballad; a passus.</def> [Written also <i>fitte</i>, <i>fytte</i>, etc.]</p>

<p><blockquote>To play some pleasant <i>fit</i>.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fit</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<pos><i>Compar.</i></pos> <u>Fitter</u> (?); <pos><i>superl.</i></pos> <u>Fittest</u> (?).] [OE. <i>fit</i>, <i>fyt</i>; cf. E. <i>feat</i> neat, elegant, well made, or icel. <i>fitja</i> to web, knit, OD. <i>vitten</i> to suit, square, Goth. <i>f&emacr;tjan</i> to adorn. &radic;77.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Adapted to an end, object, or design; suitable by nature or by art; suited by character, qualitties, circumstances, education, etc.; qualified; competent; worthy.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>That which ordinary men are <i>fit</i> for, I am qualified in.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Fit</i> audience find, though few.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Prepared; ready.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>So <i>fit</i> to shoot, she singled forth among<BR> her foes who first her quarry's strength should feel.</blockquote> <i>Fairfax.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Conformed to a standart of duty, properiety, or taste; convenient; meet; becoming; proper.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Is it <i>fit</i> to say a king, Thou art wicked?</blockquote> <i>Job xxxiv. 18.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Suitable; proper; appropriate; meet; becoming; expedient; congruous; correspondent; apposite; apt; adapted; prepared; qualified; competent; adequate.</p>

<p><hw>Fit</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Fitted</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Fitting</u> (?).] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To make fit or suitable; to adapt to the purpose intended; to qualify; to put into a condition of readiness or preparation.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The time is <i>fitted</i> for the duty.</blockquote> <i>Burke.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The very situation for which he was peculiarly <i>fitted</i> by nature.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To bring to a required form and size; to shape aright; to adapt to a model; to adjust; — said especially of the work of a carpenter, machinist, tailor, etc.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The carpenter . . . marketh it out with a line; he <i>fitteth</i> it with planes.</blockquote> <i>Is. xliv. 13.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To supply with something that is suitable or fit, or that is shaped and adjusted to the use required.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>No milliner can so <i>fit</i> his customers with gloves.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To be suitable to; to answer the requirements of; to be correctly shaped and adjusted to; as, if the coat <i>fits</i> you, put it on.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>That's a bountiful answer that <i>fits</i> all questions.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>That time best <i>fits</i> the work.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><col><b>To fit out</b></col>, <cd>to supply with necessaries or means; to furnish; to equip; as, <i>to fit out</i> a privateer.</cd> — <col><b>To fit up</b></col>, <cd>to furnish with things suitable; to make proper for the reception or use of any person; to prepare; as, <i>to fit up</i> a room for a guest.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fit</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To be proper or becoming.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Nor <i>fits</i> it to prolong the feast.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To be adjusted to a particular shape or size; to suit; to be adapted; as, his coat <i>fits</i> very well.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fit</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The quality of being fit; adjustment; adaptedness; as of dress to the person of the wearer.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Mach.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The coincidence of parts that come in contact.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The part of an object upon which anything fits tightly.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Fit rod</b></col> <i>(Shipbuilding)</i>, <cd>a gauge rod used to try the depth of a bolt hole in order to determine the length of the bolt required.</cd> <i>Knight.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fit</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>fit</i> strife, fight; of uncertain origin. &radic; 77.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A stroke or blow.</def> [Obs. or R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Curse on that cross, quoth then the Sarazin,<BR> That keeps thy body from the bitter <i>fit</i>.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A sudden and violent attack of a disorder; a stroke of disease, as of epilepsy or apoplexy, which produces convulsions or unconsciousness; a convulsion; a paroxysm; hence, a period of exacerbation of a disease; in general, an attack of disease; as, a <i>fit</i> of sickness.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>And when the <i>fit</i> was on him, I did mark<BR> How he did shake.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A mood of any kind which masters or possesses one for a time; a temporary, absorbing affection; a paroxysm; as, a <i>fit</i> of melancholy, of passion, or of laughter.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>All <i>fits</i> of pleasure we balanced by an equal degree of pain.</blockquote> <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The English, however, were on this subject prone to <i>fits</i> of jealously.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>A passing humor; a caprice; a sudden and unusual effort, activity, or motion, followed by relaxation or inaction; an impulsive and irregular action.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>fits</i> of the season.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>A darting point; a sudden emission.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>A tongue of light, a <i>fit</i> of flame.</blockquote> <i>Coleridge.</i></p>

<p><col><b>By fits</b></col>, <col><b>By fits and starts</b></col>, <cd>by intervals of action and repose; impulsively and irregularly; intermittently.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fitch</hw> (?; 224), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Fitches</b></plw> (#). [See <u>Vetch</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A vetch.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>pl.</i> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A word found in the Authorized Version of the Bible, representing different Hebrew originals. In Isaiah xxviii. 25, 27, it means the black aromatic seeds of <i>Nigella sativa</i>, still used as a flavoring in the East. In Ezekiel iv. 9, the Revised Version now reads <i>spelt</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fitch</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Contr. of fitched.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The European polecat; also, its fur.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fitch"&eacute;</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>fich&eacute;</i>, lit. p. p. of <i>ficher</i> to fasten, OF. <i>fichier</i> to pierce. Cf. 1st <u>Fish</u>.] <i>(Her.)</i> <def>Sharpened to a point; pointed.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Cross fitch&eacute;</b></col>, <cd>a cross having the lower arm pointed.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fitched</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(her.)</i> <def>Fitch&eacute;.</def> [Also <i>fiched</i>.]</p>

<p>{ <hw>Fitch"et</hw> (?), <hw>Fitch"ew</hw> (?) }, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. OF. <i>fisseau</i>, <i>fissel</i>, OD. <i>fisse</i>, <i>visse</i>, <i>vitsche</i>, D. <i>vies</i> nasty, loathsome, E. <i>fizz</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The European polecat (<i>Putorius f&oelig;tidus</i>). See <u>Polecat</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fitch"y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having fitches or vetches.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fitch"y</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See <u>Fitch&eacute;</u>.] <i>(Her.)</i> <def>Fitch&eacute;.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fit"ful</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [From 7th <u>Fit</u>.] <def>Full of fits; irregularly variable; impulsive and unstable.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>After life's <i>fitful</i> fever, he sleeps well.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p>— <wf>Fit"ful*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Fit"ful*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><blockquote>The victorious trumpet peal<BR> Dies <i>fitfully away</i>.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Fith"el</hw> (?), <hw>Fith"ul</hw> (?) }, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. See <u>Fiddle</u>.] <def>A fiddle.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fit"ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a fit manner; suitably; properly; conveniently; as, a maxim <i>fitly</i> applied.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fit"ment</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The act of fitting; that which is proper or becoming; equipment.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fit"ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The state or quality of being fit; as, the <i>fitness</i> of measures or laws; a person's <i>fitness</i> for office.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fitt</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See 2d <u>Fit</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fit"ta*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Suitable; fit.</def> [Obs.] <i>Sherwood.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fit"ted*ness</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The state or quality of being fitted; adaptation.</def> [Obs.] <i>Dr. H. More.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fit"ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who fits or makes to fit;</def> esp.: <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>One who tries on, and adjusts, articles of dress.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>One who fits or adjusts the different parts of machinery to each other.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A coal broker who conducts the sales between the owner of a coal pit and the shipper.</def> [Eng.] <i>Simmonds.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fit"ter</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A little piece; a flitter; a flinder.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Where's the Frenchman? Alas, he's all <i>fitters</i>.</blockquote> <i>Beau. & Fl.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fit"ting</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Anything used in fitting up</def>; especially (<i>pl.</i>), <def>necessary fixtures or apparatus; as, the <i>fittings</i> of a church or study; gas <i>fittings</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fit"ting</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Fit; appropriate; suitable; proper.</def> — <wf>Fit"ting*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Fit"ting*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>Jer. Taylor.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fit"weed`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A plant (<i>Eryngium f&oelig;tidum</i>) supposed to be a remedy for fits.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fitz</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>fils</i>, <i>filz</i>, <i>fiz</i>, son, F. <i>fils</i>, L. <i>filius</i>. See <u>Filial</u>.] <def>A son; — used in compound names, to indicate paternity, esp. of the illegitimate sons of kings and princes of the blood; as, <i>Fitz</i>roy, the son of the king; <i>Fitz</i>clarence, the son of the duke of Clarence.</def></p>

<p><hw>Five</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [OE. <i>fif</i>, <i>five</i>, AS. <i>f&imacr;f</i>, <i>f&imacr;fe</i>; akin to D. <i>vijf</i>, OS. <i>f&imacr;f</i>, OHG. <i>finf</i>, <i>funf</i>, G. <i>f&uuml;nf</i>, Icel. <i>fimm</i>, Sw. & Sw. Dan. <i>fem</i>, Goth. <i>fimf</i>, Lith. <i>penki</i>, W. <i>pump</i>, OIr. <i>c&oacute;ic</i>, L. <i>quinque</i>, Gr. &?;, &AElig;ol. &?;, Skr. <i>pa&?;can</i>. &radic;303. Cf. <u>Fifth</u>, <u>Cinque</u>, <u>Pentagon</u>, <u>Punch</u> the drink, <u>Quinary</u>.] <def>Four and one added; one more than four.</def></p>

<p><! p. 565 !></p>

<p><col><b>Five nations</b></col> <i>(Ethnol.)</i>, <cd>a confederacy of the Huron-Iroquois Indians, consisting of five tribes: Mohawks, Onondagas, Cayugas, Oneidas, and Senecas. They inhabited the region which is now the State of new York.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Five</hw> (f&imacr;v), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The number next greater than four, and less than six; five units or objects.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Five</i> of them were wise, and <i>five</i> were foolish.</blockquote> <i>Matt. xxv. 2.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A symbol representing this number, as 5, or V.</def></p>

<p><hw>Five"-fin`ger</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>See <u>Cinquefoil</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A starfish with five rays, esp. <i>Asterias rubens</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Five"fold`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a. & adv.</i></pos> <def>In fives; consisting of five in one; five repeated; quintuple.</def></p>

<p><hw>Five"-leaf`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Cinquefoil; five-finger.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Five"-leafed`</hw> (?), <hw>Five"-leaved`</hw> (?) }, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Having five leaflets, as the Virginia creeper.</def></p>

<p><hw>Five"ling</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Min.)</i> <def>A compound or twin crystal consisting of five individuals.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fives</hw> (f&imacr;vz), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> <def>A kind of play with a ball against a wall, resembling tennis; — so named because three <i>fives</i>, or <i>fifteen</i>, are counted to the game.</def> <i>Smart.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Fives court</b></col>, <cd>a place for playing fives.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fives</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Vives</u>.] <def>A disease of the glands under the ear in horses; the vives.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Five`-twen"ties</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> <def>Five- twenty bonds of the United States (bearing six per cent interest), issued in 1862, '64, and '65, redeemable after <i>five</i> and payable in <i>twenty</i> years.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fix</hw> (f&ibreve;ks), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [OE., fr. L. <i>fixus</i>, p. p. of <i>figere</i> to fix; cf. F. <i>fixe</i>.] <def>Fixed; solidified.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fix</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Fixed</u> (f&ibreve;kst); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Fixing</u>.] [Cf. F. <i>fixer</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To make firm, stable, or fast; to set or place permanently; to fasten immovably; to establish; to implant; to secure; to make definite.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>An ass's nole I <i>fixed</i> on his head.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>O, <i>fix</i> thy chair of grace, that all my powers<BR> May also <i>fix</i> their reverence.</blockquote> <i>Herbert.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>His heart is <i>fixed</i>, trusting in the Lord.</blockquote> <i>Ps. cxii. 7.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>And <i>fix</i> far deeper in his head their stings.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To hold steadily; to direct unwaveringly; to fasten, as the eye on an object, the attention on a speaker.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Sat <i>fixed</i> in thought the mighty Stagirite.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>One eye on death, and one full <i>fix'd</i> on heaven.</blockquote> <i>Young.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To transfix; to pierce.</def> [Obs.] <i>Sandys.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Photog.)</i> <def>To render (an impression) permanent by treating with such applications as will make it insensible to the action of light.</def> <i>Abney.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>To put in order; to arrange; to dispose of; to adjust; to set to rights; to set or place in the manner desired or most suitable; hence, to repair; as, to <i>fix</i> the clothes; to <i>fix</i> the furniture of a room.</def> [Colloq. U.S.]</p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <i>(Iron Manuf.)</i> <def>To line the hearth of (a puddling furnace) with fettling.</def></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — To arrange; prepare; adjust; place; establish; settle; determine.</p>

<p><hw>Fix</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To become fixed; to settle or remain permanently; to cease from wandering; to rest.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Your kindness banishes your fear,<BR> Resolved to <i>fix</i> forever here.</blockquote> <i>Waller.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To become firm, so as to resist volatilization; to cease to flow or be fluid; to congeal; to become hard and malleable, as a metallic substance.</def> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><col><b>To fix on</b></col>, <cd>to settle the opinion or resolution about; to determine regarding; as, the contracting parties have <i>fixed on</i> certain leading points.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fix</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A position of difficulty or embarassment; predicament; dilemma.</def> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Is he not living, then? No. is he dead, then? No, nor dead either. Poor Aroar can not live, and can not die, — so that he is in an almighty <i>fix</i>.</blockquote> <i>De Quincey.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Iron Manuf.)</i> <def>fettling.</def> [U.S.]</p>

<p><hw>Fix"a*ble</hw> (-&adot;*b'l), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Capable of being fixed.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fix*a"tion</hw> (f&ibreve;ks*&amacr;"sh&ubreve;n), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>fixation</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of fixing, or the state of being fixed.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>An unalterable <i>fixation</i> of resolution.</blockquote> <i>Killingbeck.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>To light, created in the first day, God gave no proper place or <i>fixation</i>.</blockquote> <i>Sir W. Raleigh.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Marked stiffness or absolute <i>fixation</i> of a joint.</blockquote> <i>Quain.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>A <i>fixation</i> and confinement of thought to a few objects.</blockquote> <i>Watts.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The act of uniting chemically with a solid substance or in a solid form; reduction to a non-volatile condition; — said of gaseous elements.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>The act or process of ceasing to be fluid and becoming firm.</def> <i>Glanvill.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>A state of resistance to evaporation or volatilization by heat; — said of metals.</def> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fix"a*tive</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>That which serves to set or fix colors or drawings, as a mordant.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fixed</hw> (f&ibreve;kst), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Securely placed or fastened; settled; established; firm; imovable; unalterable.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Stable; non- volatile.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Fixed air</b></col> <i>(Old Chem.)</i>, <cd>carbonic acid or carbon dioxide; — so called by Dr. Black because it can be absorbed or <i>fixed</i> by strong bases. See <i>Carbonic acid</i>, under <u>Carbonic</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Fixed alkali</b></col> <i>(Old Chem.)</i>, <cd>a non-volatile base, as soda, or potash, in distinction from the volatile alkali ammonia.</cd> — <col><b>Fixed ammunition</b></col> <i>(Mil.)</i>, <cd>a projectile and powder inclosed together in a case ready for loading.</cd> — <col><b>Fixed battery</b></col> <i>(Mil.)</i>, <cd>a battery which contains heavy guns and mortars intended to remain stationary; — distinguished from <i>movable</i> battery.</cd> — <col><b>Fixed bodies</b></col>, <cd>those which can not be volatilized or separated by a common menstruum, without great difficulty, as gold, platinum, lime, etc.</cd> — <col><b>Fixed capital</b></col>. <cd>See the Note under <u>Capital</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, 4.</cd> — <col><b>Fixed fact</b></col>, <cd>a well established fact.</cd> [Colloq.] — <col><b>Fixed light</b></col>, <cd>one which emits constant beams; — distinguished from a flashing, revolving, or intermittent light.</cd> — <col><b>Fixed oils</b></col> <i>(Chem.)</i>, <cd>non-volatile, oily substances, as stearine and olein, which leave a permanent greasy stain, and which can not be distilled unchanged; — distinguished from <i>volatile</i> or <i>essential oils</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Fixed pivot</b></col> <i>(Mil.)</i>, <cd>the fixed point about which any line of troops wheels.</cd> — <col><b>Fixed stars</b></col> <i>(Astron.)</i>, <cd>such stars as always retain nearly the same apparent position and distance with respect to each other, thus distinguished from planets and comets.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fix"ed*ly</hw> (f&ibreve;ks"&ebreve;d*l&ybreve;), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a fixed, stable, or constant manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fix"ed*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The state or quality of being fixed; stability; steadfastness.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The quality of a body which resists evaporation or volatilization by heat; solidity; cohesion of parts; as, the <i>fixedness</i> of gold.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fix*id"i*ty</hw> (f&ibreve;ks*&ibreve;d"&ibreve;*t&ybreve;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Fixedness.</def> [Obs.] <i>Boyle.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fix"ing</hw> (f&ibreve;ks"&ibreve;ng), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act or process of making fixed.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>That which is fixed; a fixture.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>pl.</i> <def>Arrangements; embellishments; trimmings; accompaniments.</def> [Colloq. U.S.]</p>

<p><hw>Fix"i*ty</hw> (-&ibreve;*t&ybreve;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>fixit&eacute;</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Fixedness; as, <i>fixity</i> of tenure; also, that which is fixed.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Coherence of parts.</def> <i>Sir I. Newton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fix"ture</hw> (f&ibreve;ks"t&usl;r; 135), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. <u>Fixure</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>That which is fixed or attached to something as a permanent appendage; as, the <i>fixtures</i> of a pump; the <i>fixtures</i> of a farm or of a dwelling, that is, the articles which a tenant may not take away.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>State of being fixed; fixedness.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The firm <i>fixture</i> of thy foot.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Law)</i> <def>Anything of an accessory character annexed to houses and lands, so as to constitute a part of them. This term is, however, quite frequently used in the peculiar sense of personal chattels annexed to lands and tenements, but removable by the person annexing them, or his personal representatives. In this latter sense, the same things may be <i>fixtures</i> under some circumstances, and not <i>fixtures</i> under others.</def> <i>Wharton (Law Dict.).</i> <i>Bouvier.</i></p>

<p>&fist; This word is frequently substituted for <i>fixure</i> (formerly the word in common use) in new editions of old works.</p>

<p><hw>Fix"ure</hw> (-&usl;r), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>fixura</i> a fastening, fr. <i>figere</i> to fix. See <u>Fix</u>, and cf. <u>Fixture</u>.] <def>Fixed position; stable condition; firmness.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fiz"gig`</hw> (f&ibreve;z"g&ibreve;g), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A fishgig.</def> [Obs.] <i>Sandys.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fiz"gig`</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Fizz</i> + <i>gig</i> whirling thing.] <def>A firework, made of damp powder, which makes a fizzing or hissing noise when it explodes.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fiz"gig`</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Gig</u> a flirt.] <def>A gadding, flirting girl.</def> <i>Gosson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fizz</hw> (f&ibreve;z), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Fizzed</u> (f&ibreve;zd); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Fizzing</u>.] [Cf. Icel. <i>f&imacr;sa</i> to break wind, Dan. <i>fise</i> to foist, fizzle, OSw. <i>fisa</i>, G. <i>fisten</i>, <i>feisten</i>. Cf. <u>Foist</u>.] <def>To make a hissing sound, as a burning fuse.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fizz</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A hissing sound; as, the <i>fizz</i> of a fly.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fiz"zle</hw> (f&ibreve;z"z'l), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Fizzled</u> (-z'ld); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Fizzling</u> (-zl&ibreve;ng).] [See <u>Fizz</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To make a hissing sound.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>It is the easiest thing, sir, to be done,<BR> As plain as <i>fizzling</i>.</blockquote> <i>B. Jonson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To make a ridiculous failure in an undertaking.</def> [Colloq. or Low]</p>

<p><col><b>To fizzle out</b></col>, <cd>to burn with a hissing noise and then go out, like wet gunpowder; hence, to fail completely and ridiculously; to prove a failure.</cd> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><hw>Fiz"zle</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A failure or abortive effort.</def> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><hw>||Fjord</hw> (fy&ocirc;rd), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Fiord</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flab"ber*gast</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [Cf. <u>Flap</u>, and <u>Aghast</u>.] <def>To astonish; to strike with wonder, esp. by extraordinary statements.</def> [Jocular] <i>Beaconsfield.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flab`ber*gas*ta"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The state of being flabbergasted.</def> [Jocular] <i>London Punch.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flab"bi*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a flabby manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flab"bi*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Quality or state of being flabby.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flab"by</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See <u>Flap</u>.] <def>Yielding to the touch, and easily moved or shaken; hanging loose by its own weight; wanting firmness; flaccid; as, <i>flabby</i> flesh.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fla"bel</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>flabellum</i> a fan, dim. of <i>flabrum</i> a breeze, fr. <i>flare</i> to blow.] <def>A fan.</def> [Obs.] <i>Huloet.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fla*bel"late</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>flabellatus</i>, p. p. of <i>flabellare</i> to fan, fr. <i>flabellum</i>. See <u>Flabbel</u>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Flabelliform.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flab`el*la"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The act of keeping fractured limbs cool by the use of a fan or some other contrivance.</def> <i>Dunglison.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fla*bel"li*form</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>flabellum</i> a fan + <i>-form</i>: cf. F. <i>flabeliforme</i>.] <def>Having the form of a fan; fan-shaped; flabellate.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fla*bel"li*nerved`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>flabellum</i> a fan + E. <i>nerve</i>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Having many nerves diverging radiately from the base; — said of a leaf.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Fla*bel"lum</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>See</i> <u>Flabel</u>.] <i>(Eccl.)</i> <def>A fan; especially, the fan carried before the pope on state occasions, made in ostrich and peacock feathers.</def> <i>Shipley.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flab"ile</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>flabilis</i>.] <def>Liable to be blown about.</def> <i>Bailey.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flac"cid</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>flaccidus</i>, fr. <i>flaccus</i> flabby: cf. OF. <i>flaccide</i>.] <def>Yielding to pressure for want of firmness and stiffness; soft and weak; limber; lax; drooping; flabby; as, a <i>flaccid</i> muscle; <i>flaccid</i> flesh.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Religious profession . . . has become <i>flacced</i>.</blockquote> <i>I. Taylor.</i></p>

<p>— <wf>Flac"cid*ly</wf> (#), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Flac"cid*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Flac*cid"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>flaccidit&eacute;</i>.] <def>The state of being flaccid.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flack"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [OE. <i>flakeren</i>, fr. <i>flacken</i> to move quickly to and fro; cf. icel. <i>flakka</i> to rove about, AS. <i>flacor</i> fluttering, flying, G. <i>flackern</i> to flare, flicker.] <def>To flutter, as a bird.</def> [Prov. Eng.] <i>Grose.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flack"et</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>flasquet</i> little flask, dim. of <i>flasque</i> a flask.] <def>A barrel-shaped bottle; a flagon.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flag</hw> (fl&abreve;g), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Flagged</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Flagging</u> (?).] [Cf. Icel. <i>flaka</i> to droop, hang loosely. Cf. <u>Flacker</u>, <u>Flag</u> an ensign.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To hang loose without stiffness; to bend down, as flexible bodies; to be loose, yielding, limp.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>As loose it [the sail] <i>flagged</i> around the mast.</blockquote> <i>T. Moore.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To droop; to grow spiritless; to lose vigor; to languish; as, the spirits <i>flag</i>; the streugth <i>flags</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The pleasures of the town begin to <i>flag</i>.</blockquote> <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — To droop; decline; fail; languish; pine.</p>

<p><hw>Flag</hw> (fl&abreve;g), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To let droop; to suffer to fall, or let fall, into feebleness; as, to <i>flag</i> the wings.</def> <i>prior.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To enervate; to exhaust the vigor or elasticity of.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Nothing so <i>flags</i> the spirits.</blockquote> <i>Echard.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flag</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. LG. & G. <i>flagge</i>, Sw. <i>flagg</i>, Dan. <i>flag</i>, D. <i>vlag</i>. See <u>Flag</u> to hang loose.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>That which flags or hangs down loosely.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A cloth usually bearing a device or devices and used to indicate nationality, party, etc., or to give or ask information; — commonly attached to a staff to be waved by the wind; a standard; a banner; an ensign; the colors; as, the national <i>flag</i>; a military or a naval <i>flag</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A group of feathers on the lower part of the legs of certain hawks, owls, etc.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A group of elongated wing feathers in certain hawks.</def> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <def>The bushy tail of a dog, as of a setter.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Black flag</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Black</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Flag captain</b></col>, <col><b>Flag leutenant</b></col>, <cd>etc., special officers attached to the flagship, as aids to the flag officer.</cd> — <col><b>Flag officer</b></col>, <cd>the commander of a fleet or squadron; an admiral, or commodore.</cd> — <col><b>Flag of truse</b></col>, <cd>a white flag carried or displayed to an enemy, as an invitation to conference, or for the purpose of making some communication not hostile.</cd> — <col><b>Flag share</b></col>, <cd>the flag officer's share of prize money.</cd> — <col><b>Flag station</b></col> <i>(Railroad)</i>, <cd>a station at which trains do not stop unless signaled to do so, by a flag hung out or waved.</cd> — <col><b>National flag</b></col>, <cd>a flag of a particular country, on which some national emblem or device, is emblazoned.</cd> — <col><b>Red flag</b></col>, <cd>a flag of a red color, displayed as a signal of danger or token of defiance; the emblem of anarchists.</cd> — <col><b>To dip, the flag</b></col>, <cd>to mlower it and quickly restore it to its place; — done as a mark of respect.</cd> — <col><b>To hang out the white flag</b></col>, <cd>to ask truce or quarter, or, in some cases, to manifest a friendly design by exhibiting a white flag.</cd> — <col><b>To hang the flag</b></col> <col><b>half-mast high or half- staff</b></col>, <cd>to raise it only half way to the mast <i>or</i> staff, as a token or sign of mourning.</cd> — <col><b>To</b></col> <col><b>strike, or lower</b></col>, <col><b>the flag</b></col>, <cd>to haul it down, in token of respect, submission, or, in an engagement, of surrender.</cd> — <col><b>Yellow flag</b></col>, <cd>the quarantine flag of all nations; also carried at a vessel's fore, to denote that an infectious disease is on board.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Flag</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [From <u>Flag</u> an ensign.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To signal to with a flag; as, to <i>flag</i> a train.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To convey, as a message, by means of flag signals; as, to <i>flag</i> an order to troops or vessels at a distance.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flag</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From <u>Flag</u> to hang loose, to bend down.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>An aquatic plant, with long, ensiform leaves, belonging to either of the genera <i>Iris</i> and <i>Acorus</i>.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Cooper's flag</b></col>, <cd>the cat-tail (<i>Typha latifolia</i>), the long leaves of which are placed between the staves of barrels to make the latter water-tight.</cd> — <col><b>Corn flag</b></col>. <cd>See under 2d <u>Corn</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Flag broom</b></col>, <cd>a coarse of broom, originally made of flags or rushes.</cd> — <col><b>Flag root</b></col>, <cd>the root of the sweet flag.</cd> — <col><b>Sweet flag</b></col>. <cd>See <u>Calamus</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, 2.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Flag</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To furnish or deck out with flags.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flag</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Icel. <i>flaga</i>, cf. Icel. <i>flag</i> spot where a turf has been cut out, and E. <i>flake</i> layer, scale. Cf. <u>Floe</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A flat stone used for paving.</def> <i>Woodward.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Geol.)</i> <def>Any hard, evenly stratified sandstone, which splits into layers suitable for flagstones.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flag</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To lay with flags of flat stones.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The sides and floor are all <i>flagged</i> with . . . marble.</blockquote> <i>Sandys.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flag"el*lant</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>flagellans</i>, p. p. of <i>flagellare</i>: cf.F. <i>flagellant</i>. See <u>Flagellate</u>.] <i>(Eccl. Hist.)</i> <def>One of a fanatical sect which flourished in Europe in the 13th and 14th centuries, and maintained that flagellation was of equal virtue with baptism and the sacrament; — called also <i>disciplinant</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Flag`el*la"ta</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr.L. <i>flagellatus</i>, <i>p. p</i>. <i>See</i> <u>Flagellate</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>An order of Infusoria, having one or two long, whiplike cilia, at the anterior end. It includes monads. See <u>Infusoria</u>, and <u>Monad</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flag"el*late</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Flagellated</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Flagellating</u> (?).] [L. <i>flagellatus</i>, p. p. of <i>flagellare</i> to scoure, fr. <i>flagellum</i> whip, dim. of <i>flagrum</i> whip, scoure; cf. <i>fligere</i> to strike. Cf. <u>Flall</u>.] <def>To whip; to scourge; to flog.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fla*gel"late</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Flagelliform.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to the Flagellata.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flag`el*la"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>flagellatio</i>: cf. F. <i>flagellation</i>.] <def>A beating or flogging; a whipping; a scourging.</def> <i>Garth.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flag"el*la`tor</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who practices flagellation; one who whips or scourges.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fla*gel"li*form</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>flagellum</i> a whip + <i>-form</i>.] <def>Shaped like a whiplash; long, slender, round, flexible, and (comming) tapering.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Fla*gel"lum</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> E. <plw><b>Flagellums</b></plw> (#), L. <plw><b>Flagella</b></plw> (#). [L., a whip. See <u>Flagellate</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A young, flexible shoot of a plant; esp., the long trailing branch of a vine, or a slender branch in certain mosses.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A long, whiplike cilium. See <u>Flagellata</u>.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>An appendage of the reproductive apparatus of the snail.</def> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <def>A lashlike appendage of a crustacean, esp. the terminal ortion of the antenn&aelig; and the epipodite of the maxilipeds. See <u>Maxilliped</u>.</def></p>

<p><! p. 566 !></p>

<p><hw>Flag"eo*let`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>flageolet</i>, dim. of OF. <i>flaj&?;l</i> (as if fr. a LL. <i>flautio</i>;<i>us</i>), of <i>fla&uuml;te</i>, <i>flahute</i>, F. <i>fl&?;te</i>. See <u>Flute</u>.] <i>(Mus.)</i> <def>A small wooden pipe, having six or more holes, and a mouthpiece inserted at one end. It produces a shrill sound, softer than of the piccolo flute, and is said to have superseded the old recorder.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Flageolet tones</b></col> <i>(Mus.)</i>, <cd>the naturel harmonics or overtones of stringed instruments.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Flag"gi*ness</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The condition of being flaggy; laxity; limberness.</def> <i>Johnson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flag"ging</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A pavement or sidewalk of flagstones; flagstones, collectively.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flag"ging</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Growing languid, weak, or spiritless; weakening; delaying.</def> — <wf>Flag"ging*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Flag"gy</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Weak; flexible; limber.</def> "<i>Flaggy</i> wings." <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Tasteless; insipid; as, a <i>flaggy</i> apple.</def> [Obs.] <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flag"gy</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [From 5th <u>Flag</u>.] <def>Abounding with the plant called <i>flag</i>; as, a <i>flaggy</i> marsh.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flag"i*tate</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [L. <i>flagitatus</i>, p. p. of <i>flagitare</i> to demand. See <u>Flagitious</u>.] <def>To importune; to demand fiercely or with passion.</def> [Archaic] <i>Carcyle.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flag`i*ta"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>flagitatio</i>.] <def>Importunity; urgent demand.</def> [Archaic] <i>Carlyle.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fla*gi"tious</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>flagitiosus</i>, fr. <i>flagitium</i> a shameful or disgraceful act, orig., a burning desire, heat of passion, from <i>flagitare</i> to demand hotly, fiercely; cf. <i>flagrare</i> to burn, E. <i>flagrant</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Disgracefully or shamefully criminal; grossly wicked; scandalous; shameful; — said of acts, crimes, etc.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Debauched principles and <i>flagitious</i> practices.</blockquote> <i>I. Taylor.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Guilty of enormous crimes; corrupt; profligate; — said of persons.</def> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Characterized by scandalous crimes or vices; as, <i>flagitious</i> times.</def> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Atrocious; villainous; flagrant; heinous; corrupt; profligate; abandoned. See <u>Atrocious</u>.</p>

<p>— <wf>Fla*gi"tious*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Fla*gi"tious*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><blockquote>A sentence so <i>flagitiously</i> unjust.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flag"man</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Flagmen</b></plw> (&?;). <def>One who makes signals with a flag.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flag"on</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>flacon</i>, for <i>flascon</i>, fr. OF. <i>flasche</i>, from LL. <i>flasco</i>. See <u>Flask</u>.] <def>A vessel with a narrow mouth, used for holding and conveying liquors. It is generally larger than a bottle, and of leather or stoneware rather than of glass.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A trencher of mutton chops, and a <i>flagon</i> of ale.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fla"grance</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Flagrancy.</def> <i>Bp. Hall.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fla"gran*cy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Flagrancies</b></plw> (#). [L. <i>flagrantia</i> a burning. See <u>Flagrant</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A burning; great heat; inflammation.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Lust causeth a <i>flagrancy</i> in the eyes.</blockquote> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The condition or quality of being flagrant; atrocity; heiniousness; enormity; excess.</def> <i>Steele.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fla"grant</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>flagrans</i>, <i>-antis</i>, p. pr. of <i>flagrate</i> to burn, akin to Gr. &?;: cf. F. <i>flagrant</i>. Cf. <u>Flame</u>, <u>Phlox</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Flaming; inflamed; glowing; burning; ardent.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The beadle's lash still <i>flagrant</i> on their back.</blockquote> <i>Prior.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>A young man yet <i>flagrant</i> from the lash of the executioner or the beadle.</blockquote> <i>De Quincey.</i></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Flagrant</i> desires and affections.</blockquote> <i>Hooker.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Actually in preparation, execution, or performance; carried on hotly; raging.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A war the most powerful of the native tribes was <i>flagrant</i>.</blockquote> <i>Palfrey.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Flaming into notice; notorious; enormous; heinous; glaringly wicked.</def></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Atrocious; flagitious; glaring. See <u>Atrocious</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Fla"grant*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a flagrant manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fla"grate</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [L. <i>flagrare</i>, <i>flagratum</i>, v.i. & t., to burn.] <def>To burn.</def> [Obs.] <i>Greenhill.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fla*gra"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A conflagration.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Flag"ship`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>The vessel which carries the commanding officer of a fleet or squadron and flies his distinctive flag or pennant.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flag"staff`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>-staves</b></plw> (&?;) or <plw><b>-staffs</b></plw> (&?;). <def>A staff on which a flag is hoisted.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flag"stone`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A flat stone used in paving, or any rock which will split into such stones. See <u>Flag</u>, a stone.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flag"worm`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A worm or grub found among flags and sedge.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flail</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>flagellum</i> whip, scourge, in LL., a threshing flail: cf. OF. <i>flael</i>, <i>flaiel</i>, F. <i>fl&eacute;au</i>. See <u>Flagellum</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>An instrument for threshing or beating grain from the ear by hand, consisting of a wooden staff or handle, at the end of which a stouter and shorter pole or club, called a swipe, is so hung as to swing freely.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>His shadowy <i>flail</i> hath threshed the corn.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>An ancient military weapon, like the common flail, often having the striking part armed with rows of spikes, or loaded.</def> <i>Fairholt.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>No citizen thought himself safe unless he carried under his coat a small <i>flail</i>, loaded with lead, to brain the Popish assassins.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flail"y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Acting like a flail.</def> [Obs.] <i>Vicars.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flain</hw> (?), obs. <def><pos><i>p. p.</i></pos> of <u>Flay</u>.</def> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flake</hw> (fl&amacr;k), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. Icel. <i>flaki</i>, <i>fleki</i>, Dan. <i>flage</i>, D. <i>vlaak</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A paling; a hurdle.</def> [prov. Eng.]</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A platform of hurdles, or small sticks made fast or interwoven, supported by stanchions, for drying codfish and other things.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>You shall also, after they be ripe, neither suffer them to have straw nor fern under them, but lay them either upon some smooth table, boards, or <i>flakes</i> of wands, and they will last the longer.</blockquote> <i>English Husbandman.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>A small stage hung over a vessel's side, for workmen to stand on in calking, etc.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flake</hw> (fl&amacr;k), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. Icel. <i>flakna</i> to flake off, split, <i>flagna</i> to flake off, Sw. <i>flaga</i> flaw, flake, <i>flake</i> plate, Dan. <i>flage</i> snowflake. Cf. <u>Flag</u> a flat stone.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A loose filmy mass or a thin chiplike layer of anything; a film; flock; lamina; layer; scale; as, a <i>flake</i> of snow, tallow, or fish.</def> "Lottle <i>flakes</i> of scurf." <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Great <i>flakes</i> of ice encompassing our boat.</blockquote> <i>Evelyn.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A little particle of lighted or incandescent matter, darted from a fire; a flash.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>With <i>flakes</i> of ruddy fire.</blockquote> <i>Somerville.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A sort of carnation with only two colors in the flower, the petals having large stripes.</def> </p>

<p><col><b>Flake knife</b></col> <i>(Arch&aelig;ol.)</i>, <cd>a cutting instrument used by savage tribes, made of a flake or chip of hard stone.</cd> <i>Tylor.</i> — <col><b>Flake stand</b></col>, <cd>the cooling tub or vessel of a still worm.</cd> <i>Knight.</i> — <col><b>Flake white</b></col>. <i>(Paint.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>The purest white lead, in the form of flakes or scales.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>The trisnitrate of bismuth.</cd> <i>Ure.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flake</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Flaked</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Flaking</u>.] <def>To form into flakes.</def> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flake</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To separate in flakes; to peel or scale off.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flak"i*ness</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The state of being flaky.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flak"y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Consisting of flakes or of small, loose masses; lying, or cleaving off, in flakes or layers; flakelike.</def> </p>

<p><blockquote>What showers of mortal hail, what <i>flaky</i> fires!</blockquote> <i>Watts.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>A <i>flaky</i> weight of winter's purest snows.</blockquote> <i>Wordsworth.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flam</hw> (fl&abreve;m), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. AS. <u>fle&aacute;m</u>, <u>fl&aemacr;m</u>, flight. &radic; 84 . Cf. <u>Flimflam</u>.] <def>A freak or whim; also, a falsehood; a lie; an illusory pretext; deception; delusion.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>A perpetual abuse and <i>flam</i> upon posterity.</blockquote> <i>South.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flam</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Flammed</u> ; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Flamming</u>.] <def>To deceive with a falsehood.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>God is not to be <i>flammed</i> off with lies.</blockquote> <i>South.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flam"beau</hw> (?); <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Flambeaux</b></plw> (#) or <plw><b>Flambeaus</b></plw> (#). [F., fr. OF. <i>flambe</i> flame, for <i>flamble</i>, from L. <i>flammula</i> a little flame, dim. of <i>flamma</i> flame. See <u>Flame</u>.] <def>A flaming torch, esp. one made by combining together a number of thick wicks invested with a quick-burning substance (anciently, perhaps, wax; in modern times, pitch or the like); hence, any torch.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flam*boy"ant</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [F.] <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>Characterized by waving or flamelike curves, as in the tracery of windows, etc.; — said of the later (15th century) French Gothic style.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flam*boy"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>flamboyer</i> to be bright.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A name given in the East and West Indies to certain trees with brilliant blossoms, probably species of <i>C&aelig;salpinia</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flame</hw> (fl&amacr;m), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>flame</i>, <i>flaume</i>, <i>flaumbe</i>, OF. <i>flame</i>, <i>flambe</i>, F. <i>flamme</i>, fr. L. <i>flamma</i>, fr. <i>flamma</i>, fr. <i>flagrare</i> to burn. See <u>Flagrant</u>, and cf. <u>Flamneau</u>, <u>Flamingo</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A stream of burning vapor or gas, emitting light and heat; darting or streaming fire; a blaze; a fire.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Burning zeal or passion; elevated and noble enthusiasm; glowing imagination; passionate excitement or anger.</def> "In a <i>flame</i> of zeal severe." <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Where <i>flames</i> refin'd in breasts seraphic glow.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Smit with the love of sister arts we came,<BR> And met congenial, mingling <i>flame</i> with <i>flame</i>.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Ardor of affection; the passion of love.</def> <i>Coleridge.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>A person beloved; a sweetheart.</def> <i>Thackeray.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Blaze; brightness; ardor. See <u>Blaze</u>.</p>

<p><col><b>Flame bridge</b></col>, <cd>a bridge wall. See <u>Bridge</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, 5.</cd> — <col><b>Flame color</b></col>, <cd>brilliant orange or yellow.</cd> <i>B. Jonson.</i> — <col><b>Flame engine</b></col>, <cd>an early name for the gas engine.</cd> — <col><b>Flame manometer</b></col>, <cd>an instrument, invented by Koenig, to obtain graphic representation of the action of the human vocal organs. See <u>Manometer</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Flame reaction</b></col> <i>(Chem.)</i>, <cd>a method of testing for the presence of certain elements by the characteristic color imparted to a flame; as, sodium colors a flame yellow, potassium violet, lithium crimson, boracic acid green, etc. Cf. <i>Spectrum analysis</i>, under <u>Spectrum</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Flame tree</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>a tree with showy scarlet flowers, as the <i>Rhododendron arboreum</i> in India, and the <i>Brachychiton acerifolium</i> of Australia.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Flame</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Flamed</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Flaming</u>.] [OE. <i>flamen</i>, <i>flaumben</i>, F. <i>flamber</i>, OF. also, <i>flamer</i>. See <u>Flame</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To burn with a flame or blaze; to burn as gas emitted from bodies in combustion; to blaze.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The main blaze of it is past, but a small thing would make it <i>flame</i> again.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To burst forth like flame; to break out in violence of passion; to be kindled with zeal or ardor.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He <i>flamed</i> with indignation.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flame</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To kindle; to inflame; to excite.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>And <i>flamed</i> with zeal of vengeance inwardly.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flame"-col`ored</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of the color of flame; of a bright orange yellow color.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flame"less</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Destitute of flame.</def> <i>Sandys.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flame"let</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Flame</i> + <i>- let</i>.] <def>A small flame.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>flamelets</i> gleamed and flickered.</blockquote> <i>Longfellow.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fla"men</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> E. <plw><b>Flammens</b></plw> (#), L. <plw><b>Flamines</b></plw> (#). [L.] <i>(Rom. Antiq.)</i> <def>A priest devoted to the service of a particular god, from whom he received a distinguishing epithet. The most honored were those of Jupiter, Mars, and Quirinus, called respectively <i>Flamen Dialis</i>, <i>Flamen Martialis</i>, and <i>Flamen Quirinalis</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Affrights the flamens at their service quaint.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fla*min"e*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pertaining to a flamen; flaminical.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flam"ing</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Emitting flames; afire; blazing; consuming; illuminating.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Of the color of flame; high-colored; brilliant; dazzling.</def> "In <i>flaming</i> yellow bright." <i>Prior.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Ardent; passionate; burning with zeal; irrepressibly earnest; as, a <i>flaming</i> proclomation or harangue.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flam"ing*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a flaming manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fla*min"go</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Flamingoes</b></plw> (#). [Sp. <i>flamenco</i>, cf. Pg. <i>flamingo</i>, Prov. <i>flammant</i>, F. <i>flamant</i>; prop. a p. pr. meaning <i>flaming</i>. So called in allusion to its color. See <u>Flame</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any bird of the genus <i>Ph&oelig;nicopterus</i>. The flamingoes have webbed feet, very long legs, and a beak bent down as if broken. Their color is usually red or pink. The American flamingo is <i>P. ruber</i>; the European is <i>P. antiquorum</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fla*min"i*cal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pertaining to a flamen.</def> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flam`ma*bil"ity</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality of being flammable; inflammability.</def> [Obs.] <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flam"ma*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Inflammable.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Flam*ma"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The act of setting in a flame or blaze.</def> [Obs.] <i>Sir. T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flam"me*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>flammeus</i> from <i>flamma</i> flame.] <def>Pertaining to, consisting of, or resembling, flame.</def> [Obs.] <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flam*mif"er*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>flammifer</i>; <i>flamma</i> flame + <i>ferre</i> to bear.] <def>Producing flame.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flam*miv"o*mous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>flammivomus</i>; <i>flamma</i> flame + <i>vomere</i> to vomit.] <def>Vomiting flames, as a volcano.</def> <i>W. Thompson. (1745).</i></p>

<p><hw>Flam"mu*la`ted</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>flammula</i> little flame, dim. fr. <i>flamma</i> flame.] <def>Of a reddish color.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flam"y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [From <u>Flame</u>.] <def>Flaming; blazing; flamelike; flame-colored; composed of flame.</def> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flanch</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Flanches</b></plw> (#). [Prov. E., a projection, OF. <i>flanche</i> flank. See <u>Flank</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A flange.</def> [R.]. <i>(Her.)</i> <def>A bearing consisting of a segment of a circle encroaching on the field from the side.</def></p>

<p>&fist; <i>Flanches</i> are always in pairs. A pair of <i>flanches</i> is considered one of the subordinaries.</p>

<p><hw>Flanched</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Her.)</i> <def>Having flanches; — said of an escutcheon with those bearings.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flan`co*nade"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F.] <i>(Fencing)</i> <def>A thrust in the side.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Fla`neur"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., fr. <i>fl&acirc;ner</i> to stroll.] <def>One who strolls about aimlessly; a lounger; a loafer.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flang</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A miner's two- pointed pick.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flange</hw> (fl&abreve;nj), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Prov. E. <i>flange</i> to project, <i>flanch</i> a projection. See <u>Flanch</u>, <u>Flank</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>An external or internal rib, or rim, for strength, as the <i>flange</i> of an iron beam; or for a guide, as the <i>flange</i> of a car wheel (see <u>Car wheel</u>.); or for attachment to another object, as the <i>flange</i> on the end of a pipe, steam cylinder, etc.</def> <i>Knight.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A plate or ring to form a rim at the end of a pipe when fastened to the pipe.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Blind flange</b></col>, <cd>a plate for covering or closing the end of a pipe.</cd> — <col><b>Flange joint</b></col>, <cd>a joint, as that of pipes, where the connecting pieces have flanges by which the parts are bolted together.</cd> <i>Knight.</i> - - <col><b>Flange rail</b></col>, <cd>a rail with a flange on one side, to keep wheels, etc. from running off.</cd> — <col><b>Flange turning</b></col>, <cd>the process of forming a flange on a wrought iron plate by bending and hammering it when hot.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Flange</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Flanged</u> (fl&abreve;njd); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Flanging</u> (fl&abreve;n"j&ibreve;ng).] <i>(Mach.)</i> <def>To make a flange on; to furnish with a flange.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flange</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To be bent into a flange.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flanged</hw> (fl&abreve;njd), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having a flange or flanges; as, a <i>flanged</i> wheel.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flank</hw> (fl&abreve;&nsm;k), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>flanc</i>, prob. fr. L. <i>flaccus</i> flabby, with <i>n</i> inserted. Cf. <u>Flaccid</u>, <u>Flanch</u>, <u>Flange</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The fleshy or muscular part of the side of an animal, between the ribs and the hip. See <i>Illust.</i> of <u>Beef</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Mil.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The side of an army, or of any division of an army, as of a brigade, regiment, or battalion; the extreme right or left; as, to attack an enemy in <i>flank</i> is to attack him on the side.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>When to right and left the front</blockquote> <blockquote>Divided, and to either <i>flank</i> retired.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <i>(Fort.)</i> <def>That part of a bastion which reaches from the curtain to the face, and defends the curtain, the flank and face of the opposite bastion; any part of a work defending another by a fire along the outside of its parapet.</def> See <i>Illust.</i> of <u>Bastion</u>.</p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>The side of any building.</def> <i>Brands.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>That part of the acting surface of a gear wheel tooth that lies within the pitch line.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Flank attack</b></col> <i>(Mil.)</i>, <cd>an attack upon the side of an army or body of troops, distinguished from one upon its front or rear.</cd> — <col><b>Flank company</b></col> <i>(Mil.)</i>, <cd>a certain number of troops drawn up on the right or left of a battalion; usually grenadiers, light infantry, or riflemen.</cd> — <col><b>Flank defense</b></col> <i>(Fort.)</i>, <cd>protection of a work against undue exposure to an enemy's direct fire, by means of the fire from other works, sweeping the ground in its front.</cd> — <col><b>Flank en potence</b></col> <i>(Mil.)</i>, <cd>any part of the right or left wing formed at a projecting angle with the line.</cd> — <col><b>Flank files</b></col>, <cd>the first men on the right, and the last on the left, of a company, battalion, etc.</cd> — <col><b>Flank march</b></col>, <cd>a march made parallel or obliquely to an enemy's position, in order to turn it or to attack him on the flank.</cd> — <col><b>Flank movement</b></col>, <cd>a change of march by an army, or portion of one, in order to turn one or both wings of the enemy, or to take up a new position.</cd> — <col><b>Flanks of a frontier</b></col>, <cd>salient points in a national boundary, strengthened to protect the frontier against hostile incursion.</cd> — <col><b>Flank patrol</b></col>, <cd>detachments acting independently of the column of an army, but patrolling along its flanks, to secure it against surprise and to observe the movements of the enemy.</cd></p>

<p><! p. 567 !></p>

<p><hw>Flank</hw> (fl&abreve;&nsm;k), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Flanked</u> (fl&abreve;&nsm;kt); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Flanking</u>.] [Cf. F. <i>flanquer</i>. See <u>Flank</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, and cf. <u>Flanker</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To stand at the flank or side of; to border upon.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Stately colonnades are <i>flanked</i> with trees.</blockquote> <i>Pitt.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To overlook or command the flank of; to secure or guard the flank of; to pass around or turn the flank of; to attack, or threaten to attack; the flank of.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flank</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To border; to touch.</def> <i>Bp. Butler.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To be posted on the side.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flank"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who, or that which, flanks, as a skirmisher or a body of troops sent out upon the flanks of an army toguard a line of march, or a fort projecting so as to command the side of an assailing body.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>They threw out <i>flankers</i>, and endeavored to dislodge their assailants.</blockquote> <i>W. Irwing.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flank"er</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Flankered</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Flankering</u>.] [See <u>Flank</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To defend by lateral fortifications.</def> [Obs.] <i>Sir T. Herbert.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To attack sideways.</def> [Obs.] <i>Evelyn.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flan"nel</hw> (fl&abreve;n"n&ebreve;l), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>flanelle</i>, cf. OF. <i>flaine</i> a pillowcase, a mattress (?); fr. W. <i>gwlanen</i> flannel, fr. <i>gwlan</i> wool; prob. akin to E. <i>wool</i>. Cf. <u>Wool</u>.] <def>A soft, nappy, woolen cloth, of loose texture.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Adam's flannel</b></col>. <i>(Bot.)</i> <cd>See under <u>Adam</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Canton flannel</b></col>, <col><b>Cotton flannel</b></col>. <cd>See <i>Cotton flannel</i>, under <u>Cotton</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Flan"neled</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Covered or wrapped in flannel.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flan"nen</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Made or consisting of flannel.</def> [Obs.] "<i>Flannen</i> robes." <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flap</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>flappe</i>, <i>flap</i>, blow, bly-flap; cf. D. <i>flap</i>, and E. <i>flap</i>, <pos><i>v.</i></pos>] <def>Anything broad and limber that hangs loose, or that is attached by one side or end and is easily moved; as, the <i>flap</i> of a garment.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A cartilaginous <i>flap</i> upon the opening of the larynx.</blockquote> <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A hinged leaf, as of a table or shutter.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>The motion of anything broad and loose, or a stroke or sound made with it; as, the <i>flap</i> of a sail or of a wing.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>pl.</i> <i>(Far.)</i> <def>A disease in the lips of horses.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Flap tile</b></col>, <cd>a tile with a bent up portion, to turn a corner or catch a drip.</cd> — <col><b>Flap valve</b></col> <i>(Mech.)</i>, <cd>a valve which opens and shuts upon one hinged side; a clack valve.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Flap</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Flapped</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Flapping</u> (?).] [Prob. of imitative origin; cf. D. <i>flappen</i>, E. <i>flap</i>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, flop, flippant, fillip.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To beat with a flap; to strike.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Yet let me <i>flap</i> this bug with gilded wings.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To move, as something broad and flaplike; as, to <i>flap</i> the wings; to let fall, as the brim of a hat.</def></p>

<p><col><b>To flap in the mouth</b></col>, <cd>to taunt.</cd> [Obs.] <i>W. Cartwright.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flap</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To move as do wings, or as something broad or loose; to fly with wings beating the air.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The crows <i>flapped</i> over by twos and threes.</blockquote> <i>Lowell.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To fall and hang like a flap, as the brim of a hat, or other broad thing.</def> <i>Gay.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flap"drag`on</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A game in which the players catch raisins out burning brandy, and swallow them blazing.</def> <i>Johnson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The thing thus caught and eaten.</def> <i>Johnson.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Cakes and ale, and <i>flapdragons</i> and mummer's plays, and all the happy sports of Christians night.</blockquote> <i>C. Kingsley.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flap"drag`on</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To swallow whole, as a flapdragon; to devour.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>See how the sea <i>flapdragoned</i> it.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flap"-eared`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having broad, loose, dependent ears.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flap"jack`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A fklat cake turned on the griddle while cooking; a griddlecake or pacake.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A fried dough cake containing fruit; a turnover.</def> [Prov. Eng.]</p>

<p><hw>Flap"-mouthed`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having broad, hangling lips.</def> [R.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flap"per</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who, or that which, flaps.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>See <u>Flipper</u>.</def> "The <i>flapper</i> of a porpoise." <i>Buckley.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Flapper skate</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a European skate (<i>Raia intermedia</i>).</cd></p>

<p><hw>Flare</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Flared</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Flaring</u>.] [Cf. Norw. <i>flara</i> to blaze, flame, adorn with tinsel, dial. Sw. <i>flasa upp</i>, and E. <i>flash</i>, or <i>flacker</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To burn with an unsteady or waving flame; as, the candle <i>flares</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To shine out with a sudden and unsteady light; to emit a dazzling or painfully bright light.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To shine out with gaudy colors; to flaunt; to be offensively bright or showy.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>With ribbons pendant, <i>flaring</i> about her head.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To be exposed to too much light.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote><i>Flaring</i> in sunshine all the day.</blockquote> <i>Prior.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>To open or spread outwards; to project beyond the perpendicular; as, the sides of a bowl <i>flare</i>; the bows of a ship <i>flare</i>.</def></p>

<p><col><b>To flare up</b></col>, <cd>to become suddenly heated or excited; to burst into a passion.</cd> [Colloq.] <i>Thackeray.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flare</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>An unsteady, broad, offensive light.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A spreading outward; as, the <i>flare</i> of a fireplace.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flare</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Leaf of lard.</def> "Pig's <i>flare</i>." <i>Dunglison.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flare"-up`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A sudden burst of anger or passion; an angry dispute.</def> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><hw>Flar"ing</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>That flares; flaming or blazing unsteadily; shining out with a dazzling light.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>His [the sun's] <i>flaring</i> beams.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Opening or speading outwards.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flar"ing*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a flaring manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flash</hw> (fl&abreve;sh), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Flashed</u> (fl&abreve;sht); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Flashing</u>.] [Cf. OE. <i>flaskien</i>, <i>vlaskien</i> to pour, sprinkle, dial. Sw. <i>flasa</i> to blaze, E. <i>flush</i>, <i>flare</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To burst or break forth with a sudden and transient flood of flame and light; as, the lighting <i>flashes</i> vividly; the powder <i>flashed</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To break forth, as a sudden flood of light; to burst instantly and brightly on the sight; to show a momentary brilliancy; to come or pass like a flash.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Names which have <i>flashed</i> and thundered as the watch words of unnumbered struggles.</blockquote> <i>Talfourd.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The object is made to <i>flash</i> upon the eye of the mind.</blockquote> <i>M. Arnold.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>A thought <i>flashed</i> through me, which I clothed in act.</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To burst forth like a sudden flame; to break out violently; to rush hastily.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Every hour<BR> He <i>flashes</i> into one gross crime or other.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><col><b>To flash in the pan</b></col>, <cd>to fail of success. [Colloq.] See under <u>Flash</u>, a burst of light.</cd> <i>Bartlett.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — <u>Flash</u>, <u>Glitter</u>, <u>Gleam</u>, <u>Glisten</u>, <u>Glister</u>. <i>Flash</i> differs from <i>glitter</i> and <i>gleam</i>, denoting a flood or wide extent of light. The latter words may express the issuing of light from a small object, or from a pencil of rays. <i>Flash</i> differs from other words, also, in denoting suddenness of appearance and disappearance. <i>Flashing</i> differs from <i>exploding</i> or <i>disploding</i> in not being accompanied with a loud report. To <i>glisten</i>, or <i>glister</i>, is to shine with a soft and fitful luster, as eyes suffused with tears, or flowers wet with dew.</p>

<p><hw>Flash</hw> (fl&abreve;sh), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To send out in flashes; to cause to burst forth with sudden flame or light.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The chariot of paternal Deity,<BR> <i>Flashing</i> thick flames.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To convey as by a flash; to light up, as by a sudden flame or light; as, to <i>flash</i> a message along the wires; to <i>flash</i> conviction on the mind.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Glass Making)</i> <def>To cover with a thin layer, as objects of glass with glass of a different color. See <u>Flashing</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, 3 <sd><i>(b)</i></sd>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To trick up in a showy manner.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Limning and <i>flashing</i> it with various dyes.</blockquote> <i>A. Brewer.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> [Perh. due to confusion between <i>flash</i> of light and <i>plash</i>, <i>splash</i>.] <def>To strike and throw up large bodies of water from the surface; to splash.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>He rudely <i>flashed</i> the waves about.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Flashed glass</b></col>. <cd>See <u>Flashing</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, 3.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Flash</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Flashes</b></plw> (&?;). <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A sudden burst of light; a flood of light instantaneously appearing and disappearing; a momentary blaze; as, a <i>flash</i> of lightning.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A sudden and brilliant burst, as of wit or genius; a momentary brightness or show.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>flash</i> and outbreak of a fiery mind.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>No striking sentiment, no <i>flash</i> of fancy.</blockquote> <i>Wirt.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>The time during which a flash is visible; an instant; a very brief period.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The Persians and Macedonians had it for a <i>flash</i>.</blockquote> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>A preparation of capsicum, burnt sugar, etc., for coloring and giving a fictitious strength to liquors.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Flash light</b></col>, or <col><b>Flashing light</b></col>, <cd>a kind of light shown by lighthouses, produced by the revolution of reflectors, so as to show a flash of light every few seconds, alternating with periods of dimness.</cd> <i>Knight.</i> — <col><b>Flash in the pan</b></col>, <cd>the flashing of the priming in the pan of a flintlock musket without discharging the piece; hence, sudden, spasmodic effort that accomplishes nothing.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Flash</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Showy, but counterfeit; cheap, pretentious, and vulgar; as, <i>flash</i> jewelry; <i>flash</i> finery.</def> </p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Wearing showy, counterfeit ornaments; vulgarly pretentious; as, <i>flash</i> people; <i>flash</i> men or women; — applied especially to thieves, gamblers, and prostitutes that dress in a showy way and wear much cheap jewelry.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Flash house</b></col>, <cd>a house frequented by flash people, as thieves and whores; hence, a brothel.</cd> "A gang of footpads, reveling with their favorite beauties at a <i>flash house</i>." <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flash</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Slang or cant of thieves and prostitutes.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flash</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>flasche</i>, <i>flaske</i>; cf. OF. <i>flache</i>, F. <i>flaque</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A pool.</def> [Prov. Eng.] <i>Haliwell.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Engineering)</i> <def>A reservoir and sluiceway beside a navigable stream, just above a shoal, so that the stream may pour in water as boats pass, and thus bear them over the shoal.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Flash wheel</b></col> <i>(Mech.)</i>, <cd>a paddle wheel made to revolve in a breast or curved water way, by which water is lifted from the lower to the higher level.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Flash"board`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A board placed temporarily upon a milldam, to raise the water in the pond above its usual level; a flushboard.</def> [U.S.]</p>

<p><hw>Flash"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who, or that which, flashes.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A man of more appearance of wit than reality.</def> </p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A large sparoid fish of the Atlantic coast and all tropical seas (<i>Lobotes Surinamensis</i>).</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The European red-backed shrike (<i>Lanius collurio</i>); — called also <i>flusher</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flash"i*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a flashy manner; with empty show.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flash"i*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality of being flashy.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flash"ing</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Engineering)</i> <def>The creation of an artifical flood by the sudden letting in of a body of water; — called also <i>flushing</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>Pieces of metal, built into the joints of a wall, so as to lap over the edge of the gutters or to cover the edge of the roofing; also, similar pieces used to cover the valleys of roofs of slate, shingles, or the like. By extension, the metal covering of ridges and hips of roofs; also, in the United States, the protecting of angles and breaks in walls of frame houses with waterproof material, tarred paper, or the like. Cf. <u>Filleting</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Glass Making)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The reheating of an article at the furnace aperture during manufacture to restore its plastic condition; esp., the reheating of a globe of crown glass to allow it to assume a flat shape as it is rotated.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A mode of covering transparent white glass with a film of colored glass.</def> <i>Knight.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Flashing point</b></col> <i>(Chem.)</i>, <cd>that degree of temperature at which a volatile oil gives off vapor in sufficient quantity to burn, or flash, on the approach of a flame, used as a test of the comparative safety of oils, esp. kerosene; a flashing point of 100&deg; F. is regarded as a fairly safe standard. The burning point of the oil is usually from ten to thirty degree above the flashing point of its vapor.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Flash"y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Dazzling for a moment; making a momentary show of brilliancy; transitorily bright.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A little <i>flashy</i> and transient pleasure.</blockquote> <i>Barrow.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Fiery; vehement; impetuous.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A temper always <i>flashy</i>.</blockquote> <i>Burke.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Showy; gay; gaudy; as, a <i>flashy</i> dress.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Without taste or spirit.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Lean and <i>flashy</i> songs.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flask</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>flasce</i>, <i>flaxe</i>; akin to D. <i>flesch</i>, OHG. <i>flasca</i>, G. <i>flasche</i>, Icel. & Sw. <i>flaska</i>, Dan. <i>flaske</i>, OF. <i>flasche</i>, LL. <i>flasca</i>, <i>flasco</i>; of uncertain origin; cf. L. <i>vasculum</i>, dim. of <i>vas</i> a vessel, Gr. &?;, &?;, &?;. Cf. <u>Flagon</u>, <u>Flasket</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A small bottle-shaped vessel for holding fluids; as, a <i>flask</i> of oil or wine.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A narrow-necked vessel of metal or glass, used for various purposes; as of sheet metal, to carry gunpowder in; or of wrought iron, to contain quicksilver; or of glass, to heat water in, etc.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A bed in a gun carriage.</def> [Obs.] <i>Bailey.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Founding)</i> <def>The wooden or iron frame which holds the sand, etc., forming the mold used in a foundry; it consists of two or more parts; viz., the <i>cope</i> or top; sometimes, the <i>cheeks</i>, or middle part; and the <i>drag</i>, or bottom part. When there are one or more cheeks, the flask is called a <i>three part flask</i>, <i>four part flask</i>, etc.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Erlenmeyer flask</b></col>, <cd>a thin glass flask, flat- bottomed and cone-shaped to allow of safely shaking its contents laterally without danger of spilling; — so called from <i>Erlenmeyer</i>, a German chemist who invented it.</cd> — <col><b>Florence flask</b></col>. [From <i>Florence</i> in Italy.] <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>Same as <u>Betty</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, 3.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>A glass flask, round or pear-shaped, with round or flat bottom, and usually very thin to allow of heating solutions.</cd> — <col><b>Pocket flask</b></col>, <cd>a kind of pocket dram bottle, often covered with metal or leather to protect it from breaking.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Flask"et</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. W. <i>fflasged</i> a vessel of straw or wickerwork, <i>fflasg</i> flask, basket, and E. <i>flask</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A long, shallow basket, with two handles.</def> [Eng.]</p>

<p><blockquote>In which they gathered flowers to fill their <i>flasket</i>.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A small flask.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A vessel in which viands are served.</def> [Obs.] <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flat</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<pos><i>Compar.</i></pos> <u>Flatter</u> (?); <pos><i>superl.</i></pos> <u>Flattest</u> (?).] [Akin to Icel. <i>flatr</i>, Sw. <i>flat</i>, Dan. <i>flad</i>, OHG. <i>flaz</i>, and AS. <i>flet</i> floor, G. <i>fl&ouml;tz</i> stratum, layer.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Having an even and horizontal surface, or nearly so, without prominences or depressions; level without inclination; plane.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Though sun and moon<BR> Were in the <i>flat</i> sea sunk.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Lying at full length, or spread out, upon the ground; level with the ground or earth; prostrate; as, to lie <i>flat</i> on the ground; hence, fallen; laid low; ruined; destroyed.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>What ruins kingdoms, and lays cities <i>flat</i>!</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>I feel . . . my hopes all <i>flat</i>.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Fine Arts)</i> <def>Wanting relief; destitute of variety; without points of prominence and striking interest.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A large part of the work is, to me, very <i>flat</i>.</blockquote> <i>Coleridge.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Tasteless; stale; vapid; insipid; dead; as, fruit or drink <i>flat</i> to the taste.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>Unanimated; dull; uninteresting; without point or spirit; monotonous; as, a <i>flat</i> speech or composition.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>How weary, stale, <i>flat</i>, and unprofitable<BR> Seem to me all the uses of this world.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>Lacking liveliness of commercial exchange and dealings; depressed; dull; as, the market is <i>flat</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <def>Clear; unmistakable; peremptory; absolute; positive; downright.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Flat</i> burglary as ever was committed.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>A great tobacco taker too, — that's <i>flat</i>.</blockquote> <i>Marston.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>8.</b></sn> <i>(Mus.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>Below the true pitch; hence, as applied to intervals, minor, or lower by a half step; as, a <i>flat</i> seventh; A <i>flat</i>.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>Not sharp or shrill; not acute; as, a <i>flat</i> sound.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>9.</b></sn> <i>(Phonetics)</i> <def>Sonant; vocal; — applied to any one of the sonant or vocal consonants, as distinguished from a nonsonant (or <i>sharp</i>) consonant.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Flat arch</b></col>. <i>(Arch.)</i> <cd>See under <u>Arch</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, 2. (<i>b</i>).</cd> — <col><b>Flat cap</b></col>, <cd>cap paper, not folded. See under <u>Paper</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Flat chasing</b></col>, <cd>in fine art metal working, a mode of ornamenting silverware, etc., producing figures by dots and lines made with a punching tool.</cd> <i>Knight.</i> — <col><b>Flat chisel</b></col>, <cd>a sculptor's chisel for smoothing.</cd> — <col><b>Flat file</b></col>, <cd>a file wider than its thickness, and of rectangular section. See <u>File</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Flat nail</b></col>, <cd>a small, sharp- pointed, wrought nail, with a flat, thin head, larger than a tack.</cd> <i>Knight.</i> — <col><b>Flat paper</b></col>, <cd>paper which has not been folded.</cd> — <col><b>Flat rail</b></col>, <cd>a railroad rail consisting of a simple flat bar spiked to a longitudinal sleeper.</cd> — <col><b>Flat rods</b></col> <i>(Mining)</i>, <cd>horizontal or inclined connecting rods, for transmitting motion to pump rods at a distance.</cd> <i>Raymond.</i> — <col><b>Flat rope</b></col>, <cd>a rope made by plaiting instead of twisting; gasket; sennit.</cd> Some flat hoisting ropes, as for mining shafts, are made by sewing together a number of ropes, making a wide, flat band. <i>Knight.</i> — <col><b>Flat space</b></col>. <i>(Geom.)</i> <cd>See <i>Euclidian space</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Flat stitch</b></col>, <cd>the process of wood engraving.</cd> [Obs.] — <col><b>Flat tint</b></col> <i>(Painting)</i>, <cd>a coat of water color of one uniform shade.</cd> — <col><b>To fall flat</b></col> (Fig.), <cd>to produce no effect; to fail in the intended effect; as, his speech <i>fell flat</i>.</cd></p>

<p><blockquote>Of all who fell by saber or by shot,<BR> Not one <i>fell</i> half so <i>flat</i> as Walter Scott.</blockquote> <i>Lord Erskine.</i> </p>

<p><hw>Flat</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>In a flat manner; directly; flatly.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Sin is <i>flat</i> opposite to the Almighty.</blockquote> <i>Herbert.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Stock Exchange)</i> <def>Without allowance for accrued interest.</def> [Broker's Cant]</p>

<p><! p. 568 !></p>

<p><hw>Flat</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A level surface, without elevation, relief, or prominences; an extended plain; specifically, in the United States, a level tract along the along the banks of a river; as, the Mohawk <i>Flats</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Envy is as the sunbeams that beat hotter upon a bank, or steep rising ground, than upon a <i>flat</i>.</blockquote> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A level tract lying at little depth below the surface of water, or alternately covered and left bare by the tide; a shoal; a shallow; a strand.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Half my power, this night<BR> Passing these <i>flats</i>, are taken by the tide.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Something broad and flat in form</def>; as: <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A flat-bottomed boat, without keel, and of small draught.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A straw hat, broad- brimmed and low-crowned.</def> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <i>(Railroad Mach.)</i> <def>A car without a roof, the body of which is a platform without sides; a platform car.</def> <sd><i>(d)</i></sd> <def>A platform on wheel, upon which emblematic designs, etc., are carried in processions.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>The flat part, or side, of anything; as, the broad side of a blade, as distinguished from its edge.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>A floor, loft, or story in a building; especially, a floor of a house, which forms a complete residence in itself.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <i>(Mining)</i> <def>A horizontal vein or ore deposit auxiliary to a main vein; also, any horizontal portion of a vein not elsewhere horizontal.</def> <i>Raymond.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <def>A dull fellow; a simpleton; a numskull.</def> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Or if you can not make a speech,<BR> Because you are a <i>flat</i>.</blockquote> <i>Holmes.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>8.</b></sn> <i>(Mus.)</i> <def>A character [&flat;] before a note, indicating a tone which is a half step or semitone lower.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>9.</b></sn> <i>(Geom.)</i> <def>A homaloid space or extension.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flat</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Flatted</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Flatting</u> (?).] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To make flat; to flatten; to level.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To render dull, insipid, or spiritless; to depress.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Passions are allayed, appetites are <i>flatted</i>.</blockquote> <i>Barrow.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To depress in tone, as a musical note; especially, to lower in pitch by half a tone.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flat</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To become flat, or flattened; to sink or fall to an even surface.</def> <i>Sir W. Temple.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Mus.)</i> <def>To fall form the pitch.</def></p>

<p><col><b>To flat out</b></col>, <cd>to fail from a promising beginning; to make a bad ending; to disappoint expectations.</cd> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><hw>Flat"bill`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any bird of the genus <i>Flatyrynchus</i>. They belong to the family of flycatchers.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flat"boat`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A boat with a flat bottom and square ends; — used for the transportation of bulky freight, especially in shallow waters.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flat"-bot`tomed</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having an even lower surface or bottom; as, a <i>flat-bottomed</i> boat.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flat"-cap`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A kind of low- crowned cap formerly worn by all classes in England, and continued in London after disuse elsewhere; — hence, a citizen of London.</def> <i>Marston.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flat"fish`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any fish of the family <i>Pleuronectid&aelig;</i>; esp., the winter flounder (<i>Pleuronectes Americanus</i>). The flatfishes have the body flattened, swim on the side, and have eyes on one side, as the flounder, turbot, and halibut. See <u>Flounder</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flat" foot`</hw> (?). <i>(Med.)</i> <def>A foot in which the arch of the instep is flattened so that the entire sole of the foot rests upon the ground; also, the deformity, usually congential, exhibited by such a foot; splayfoot.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flat"-foot`ed</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Having a flat foot, with little or no arch of the instep.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Firm-footed; determined.</def> [Slang, U.S.] </p>

<p><hw>Flat"head`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Characterized by flatness of head, especially that produced by artificial means, as a certain tribe of American Indians.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flat"head`</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Ethnol.)</i> <def>A Chinook Indian. See <u>Chinook</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, 1.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flat"-head`ed</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having a head with a flattened top; as, a <i>flat-headed</i> nail.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flat"i`ron</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>An iron with a flat, smooth surface for ironing clothes.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fla"tive</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>flare</i>, <i>flatum</i> to blow.] <def>Producing wind; flatulent.</def> [Obs.] <i>A. Brewer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flat"ling</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> [<i>Flat</i>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> + adverbial suff. <i>-ling</i>.] <def>With the flat side, as of a sword; flatlong; in a prostrate position.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flat"long</hw> (?; 115), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>With the flat side downward; not edgewise.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flat"ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a flat manner; evenly; horizontally; without spirit; dully; frigidly; peremptorily; positively; plainly.</def> "He <i>flatly</i> refused his aid." <i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>He that does the works of religion slowly, <i>flatly</i>, and without appetite.</blockquote> <i>Jer. Taylor.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flat"ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The quality or state of being flat.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Eveness of surface; want of relief or prominence; the state of being plane or level.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Want of vivacity or spirit; prostration; dejection; depression.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Want of variety or flavor; dullness; insipidity.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>Depression of tone; the state of being below the true pitch; — opposed to <i>sharpness</i> or <i>acuteness</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fla*tour"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF.] <def>A flatterer.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flat"ten</hw> (fl&abreve;t"t'n), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Flattened</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Flattening</u>.] [From <u>Flat</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To reduce to an even surface or one approaching evenness; to make flat; to level; to make plane.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To throw down; to bring to the ground; to prostrate; hence, to depress; to deject; to dispirit.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To make vapid or insipid; to render stale.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Mus.)</i> <def>To lower the pitch of; to cause to sound less sharp; to let fall from the pitch.</def></p>

<p><col><b>To flatten a sail</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>to set it more nearly fore-and-aft of the vessel.</cd> — <col><b>Flattening oven</b></col>, <cd>in glass making, a heated chamber in which split glass cylinders are flattened for window glass.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Flat"ten</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To become or grow flat, even, depressed, dull, vapid, spiritless, or depressed below pitch.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flat"ter</hw> (fl&abreve;t"t&etilde;r), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who, or that which, makes flat or flattens.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Metal Working)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A flat-faced fulling hammer.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A drawplate with a narrow, rectangular orifice, for drawing flat strips, as watch springs, etc.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flat"ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Flattered</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Flattering</u>.] [OE. <i>flateren</i>, cf. OD. <i>flatteren</i>; akin to G. <i>flattern</i> to flutter, Icel. <i>fla&?;ra</i> to fawn, flatter: cf. F. <i>flatter</i>. Cf. <u>Flitter</u>, <u>Flutter</u>, <u>Flattery</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To treat with praise or blandishments; to gratify or attempt to gratify the self-love or vanity of, esp. by artful and interested commendation or attentions; to blandish; to cajole; to wheedle.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>When I tell him he hates flatterers,<BR> He says he does, being then most <i>flattered</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>A man that <i>flattereth</i> his neighbor, spreadeth a net for his feet.</blockquote> <i>Prov. xxix. 5.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Others he <i>flattered</i> by asking their advice.</blockquote> <i>Prescott.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To raise hopes in; to encourage or favorable, but sometimes unfounded or deceitful, representations.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To portray too favorably; to give a too favorable idea of; as, his portrait <i>flatters</i> him.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flat"ter</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To use flattery or insincere praise.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>If it may stand him more in stead to lie,<BR> Say and unsay, feign, <i>flatter</i>, or adjure.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flat"ter*er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who flatters.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The most abject <i>flaterers</i> degenerate into the greatest tyrants.</blockquote> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flat"ter*ing</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>That flatters (in the various senses of the verb); as, a <i>flattering</i> speech.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Lay not that <i>flattering</i> unction to your soul.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>A <i>flattering</i> painter, who made it his care,<BR> To draw men as they ought be, not as they are.</blockquote> <i>Goldsmith.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flat"ter*ing*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>With flattery.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flat"ter*y</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Flatteries</b></plw> (#). [OE. <i>flaterie</i>, OF. <i>flaterie</i>, F. <i>flaterie</i>, fr. <i>flater</i> to flatter, F. <i>flatter</i>; of uncertain origin. See <u>Flatter</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>] <def>The act or practice of flattering; the act of pleasing by artful commendation or compliments; adulation; false, insincere, or excessive praise.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Just praise is only a debt, but <i>flattery</i> is a present.</blockquote> <i>Rambler.</i></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Flattery</i> corrupts both the receiver and the giver.</blockquote> <i>Burke.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Adulation; compliment; obsequiousness. See <u>Adulation</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Flat"ting</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The process or operation of making flat, as a cylinder of glass by opening it out.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A mode of painting,in which the paint, being mixed with turpentine, leaves the work without gloss.</def> <i>Gwilt.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A method of preserving gilding unburnished, by touching with size.</def> <i>Knolles.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>The process of forming metal into sheets by passing it between rolls.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Flatting coat</b></col>, <cd>a coat of paint so put on as to have no gloss.</cd> — <col><b>Flatting furnace</b></col>. <cd>Same as <i>flattening oven</i>, under <u>Flatten</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Flatting mill</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>A rolling mill producing sheet metal; esp., in mints, the ribbon from which the planchets are punched.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>A mill in which grains of metal are flatted by steel rolls, and reduced to metallic dust, used for purposes of ornamentation.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Flat"tish</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Somewhat flat.</def> <i>Woodward.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Flat"u*lence</hw> (?), <hw>Flat"u*len*cy</hw> (?) }, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>flatulence</i>.] <def>The state or quality of being flatulent.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flat"u*lent</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>flatus</i> a blowing, <i>flatus ventris</i> windiness, flatulence, fr. <i>flare</i> to blow: cf. F. <i>flatulent</i>. See <u>Blow</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Affected with flatus or gases generated in the alimentary canal; windy.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Generating, or tending to generate, wind in the stomach.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Vegetables abound more with a&euml;rial particles than animal substances, and therefore are more <i>flatulent</i>.</blockquote> <i>Arbuthnot.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Turgid with flatus; as, a <i>flatulent</i> tumor.</def> <i>Quincy.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Pretentious without substance or reality; puffy; empty; vain; as, a <i>flatulent</i> vanity.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He is too <i>flatulent</i> sometimes, and sometimes too dry.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flat"u*lent*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a flatulent manner; with flatulence.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flat`u*os"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>flatuosit&eacute;</i>.] <def>Flatulence.</def> [Obs.] <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flat"u*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>flatueux</i>.] <def>Windy; generating wind.</def> [Obs.] <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Fla"tus</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> E. <plw><b>Flatuses</b></plw> (#), L. <plw><b>Flatus</b></plw>. [L., fr. <i>flare</i> to blow.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A breath; a puff of wind.</def> <i>Clarke.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Wind or gas generated in the stomach or other cavities of the body.</def> <i>Quincy.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flat"ware`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Articles for the table, as china or silverware, that are more or less flat, as distinguished from <i>hollow ware</i>.</def><BR> [Webster 1913 Suppl.]</p>

<p><hw>Flat"wise`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a. or adv.</i></pos> <def>With the flat side downward, or next to another object; not edgewise.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flat"worm`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any worm belonging to the Plathelminthes; also, sometimes applied to the planarians.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flaun"drish</hw> (? or ?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Flemish.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Flaunt</hw> (fl&auml;nt or fl&add;nt; 277), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Flaunted</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos>. <u>Flaunting</u>.] [Cf. dial. G. <i>flandern</i> to flutter, wave; perh. akin to E. <i>flatter</i>, <i>flutter</i>.] <def>To throw or spread out; to flutter; to move ostentatiously; as, a <i>flaunting</i> show.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>You <i>flaunt</i> about the streets in your new gilt chariot.</blockquote> <i>Arbuthnot.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>One <i>flaunts</i> in rags, one flutters in brocade.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flaunt</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To display ostentatiously; to make an impudent show of.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flaunt</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Anything displayed for show.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>In these my borrowed <i>flaunts</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flaunt"ing*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a flaunting way.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flau"tist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [It. <i>flauto</i> a flute See <u>Flute</u>.] <def>A player on the flute; a flutist.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Flau"to</hw> (flou"t&osl;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [It.] <def>A flute.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Flaute piccolo</b></col> (&?;) [It., little flute], <cd>an octave flute.</cd> — <col><b>Flauto traverso</b></col> (&?;) [It., transverse flute], <cd>the German flute, held laterally, instead of being played, like the old <i>fl&ucirc;te &agrave; bec</i>, with a mouth piece at the end.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fla*van"i*line</hw> (? or ?; 104), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>flavus</i> yellow + E. <i>aniline</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A yellow, crystalline, organic dyestuff, C<sub>16</sub>H<sub>14</sub>N<sub>2</sub>, of artifical production. It is a strong base, and is a complex derivative of aniline and quinoline.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fla*ves"cent</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>flavescens</i>, p. pr. of <i>flavescere</i> to turn yellow.] <def>Turning yellow; yellowish.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fla*vic"o*mous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>flavicomus</i>; <i>flavus</i> yellow + <i>coma</i> hair.] <def>Having yellow hair.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Fla"vin</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>flavus</i> yellow.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A yellow, vegetable dyestuff, resembling quercitron.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fla"vine</hw> (?; 104), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A yellow, crystalline, organic base, C<sub>13</sub>H<sub>12</sub>N<sub>2</sub>O, obtained artificially.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fla"vol</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>flavus</i> yellow + <i>-oil</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A yellow, crystalline substance, obtained from anthraquinone, and regarded as a hydroxyl derivative of it.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fla"vor</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>fleur</i>, <i>flaur</i> (two syllables), odor, cf. F. <i>fleurer</i> to emit an odor, It. <i>flatore</i> a bad odor, prob. fr. L. <i>flare</i> to bow, whence the sense of <i>exhalation</i>. Cf. <u>Blow</u>.] [Written also <i>flavour</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>That quality of anything which affects the smell; odor; fragrances; as, the <i>flavor</i> of a rose.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>That quality of anything which affects the taste; that quality which gratifies the palate; relish; zest; savor; as, the <i>flavor</i> of food or drink.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>That which imparts to anything a peculiar odor or taste, gratifying to the sense of smell, or the nicer perceptions of the palate; a substance which flavors.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>That quality which gives character to any of the productions of literature or the fine arts.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fla"vor</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Flavored</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Flavoring</u>.] <def>To give flavor to; to add something (as salt or a spice) to, to give character or zest.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fla"vored</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having a distinct flavor; as, high-<i>flavored</i> wine.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fla"vor*less</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Without flavor; tasteless.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fla"vor*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Imparting flavor; pleasant to the taste or smell; sapid.</def> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fla"vous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>flavus</i>.] <def>Yellow.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Flaw</hw> (fl&add;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>flai</i>, <i>flaw</i> flake; cf. Sw. <i>flaga</i> flaw, crack, breach, flake, D. <i>vlaag</i> gust of wind, Norw. <i>flage</i>, <i>flaag</i>, and E. <i>flag</i> a flat stone.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A crack or breach; a gap or fissure; a defect of continuity or cohesion; as, a <i>flaw</i> in a knife or a vase.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>This heart<BR> Shall break into a hundered thousand <i>flaws</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A defect; a fault; as, a <i>flaw</i> in reputation; a <i>flaw</i> in a will, in a deed, or in a statute.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Has not this also its <i>flaws</i> and its dark side?</blockquote> <i>South.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A sudden burst of noise and disorder; a tumult; uproar; a quarrel.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>And deluges of armies from the town<BR> Came pouring in; I heard the mighty <i>flaw</i>.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>A sudden burst or gust of wind of short duration.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Snow, and hail, and stormy gust and <i>flaw</i>.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Like <i>flaws</i> in summer laying lusty corn.</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Blemish; fault; imperfection; spot; speck.</p>

<p><hw>Flaw</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Flawed</u> (fl&add;d); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Flawing</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To crack; to make flaws in.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The brazen caldrons with the frosts are <i>flawed</i>.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To break; to violate; to make of no effect.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>France hath <i>flawed</i> the league.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flaw"less</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Free from flaws.</def> <i>Boyle.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flawn</hw> (fl&add;n), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>flaon</i>, F. <i>flan</i>, LL. <i>flado</i>, fr. OHG. <i>flado</i>, G. <i>fladen</i>, a sort of pancake; cf. Gr. &?; broad. See <u>Place</u>.] <def>A sort of flat custard or pie.</def> [Obs.] <i>Tusser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flaw"ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [Cf. <u>Flay</u>.] <def>To scrape or pare, as a skin.</def> [Obs.] <i>Johnson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flaw"y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Full of flaws or cracks; broken; defective; faulty.</def> <i>Johnson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Subject to sudden flaws or gusts of wind.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flax</hw> (fl&abreve;ks), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>fleax</i>; akin to D. <i>vlas</i>, <i>OHG</i>. <i>flahs</i>, G. <i>flachs</i>, and prob. to <i>flechten</i> to braid, plait,m twist, L. <i>plectere</i> to weave, <i>plicare</i> to fold, Gr. &?; to weave, plait. See <u>Ply</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A plant of the genus <i>Linum</i>, esp. the <i>L. usitatissimum</i>, which has a single, slender stalk, about a foot and a half high, with blue flowers. The fiber of the bark is used for making thread and cloth, called <i>linen</i>, <i>cambric</i>, <i>lawn</i>, <i>lace</i>, etc. Linseed oil is expressed from the seed.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The skin or fibrous part of the flax plant, when broken and cleaned by hatcheling or combing.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Earth flax</b></col> <i>(Min.)</i>, <cd>amianthus.</cd> — <col><b>Flax brake</b></col>, <cd>a machine for removing the woody portion of flax from the fibrous.</cd> — <col><b>Flax comb</b></col>, <cd>a hatchel, hackle, or heckle.</cd> — <col><b>Flax cotton</b></col>, <cd>the fiber of flax, reduced by steeping in bicarbonate of soda and acidulated liquids, and prepared for bleaching and spinning like cotton.</cd> <i>Knight.</i> — <col><b>Flax dresser</b></col>, <cd>one who breaks and swingles flax, or prepares it for the spinner.</cd> — <col><b>Flax mill</b></col>, <cd>a mill or factory where flax is spun or linen manufactured.</cd> — <col><b>Flax puller</b></col>, <cd>a machine for pulling flax plants in the field.</cd> — <col><b>Flax wench</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>A woman who spins flax.</cd> [Obs.] <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>A prostitute.</cd> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i> — <col><b>Mountain flax</b></col> <i>(Min.)</i>, <cd>amianthus.</cd> — <col><b>New Zealand flax</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i> <cd>See <u>Flax- plant</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Flax"en</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Made of flax; resembling flax or its fibers; of the color of flax; of a light soft straw color; fair and flowing, like flax or tow; as, <i>flaxen</i> thread; <i>flaxen</i> hair.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flax"-plant`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A plant in new Zealand (<i>Phormium tenax</i>), allied to the lilies and aloes. The leaves are two inches wide and several feet long, and furnish a fiber which is used for making ropes, mats, and coarse cloth.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flax"seed`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The seed of the flax; linseed.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flax"weed`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>See <u>Toadflax</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flax"y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Like flax; flaxen.</def> <i>Sir M. Sandys.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flay</hw> (fl&amacr;), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Flayed</u> (fl&amacr;d); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Flaying</u>.] [OE. <i>flean</i>, <i>flan</i>, AS. <i>fle&aacute;n</i>; akin to D. <i>vlaen</i>, Icel. <i>fl&amacr;</i>, Sw. <i>fl&aring;</i>, Dan. <i>flaae</i>, cf. Lith. <i>pleszti</i> to tear, <i>plyszti</i>, v.i., to burst, tear; perh. akin to E. <i>flag</i> a flat stone, <i>flaw</i>.] <def>To skin; to strip off the skin or surface of; as, to <i>flay</i> an ox; to <i>flay</i> the green earth.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>With her nails<BR> She 'll <i>flay</i> thy wolfish visage.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><! p. 569 !></p>

<p><hw>Flay"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who strips off the skin.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flea</hw> (fl&emacr;), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [See <u>Flay</u>.] <def>To flay.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>He will be <i>fleaed</i> first<BR> And horse collars made of's skin.</blockquote> <i>J. Fletcher.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flea</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>fle</i>, <i>flee</i>, AS. <i>fle&aacute;</i>, <i>fle&aacute;h</i>; akin to D. <i>vtoo</i>, OHG. <i>fl&omacr;h</i>, G. <i>floh</i>, Icel. <i>fl&omacr;</i>, Russ. <i>blocha</i>; prob. from the root of E. <i>flee</i>. &radic;84. See <u>Flee</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>An insect belonging to the genus Pulex, of the order Aphaniptera. Fleas are destitute of wings, but have the power of leaping energetically. The bite is poisonous to most persons. The human flea (<i>Pulex irritans</i>), abundant in Europe, is rare in America, where the dog flea (<i>P. canis</i>) takes its place. See <u>Aphaniptera</u>, and <u>Dog flea</u>. See <i>Illustration</i> in Appendix.</def></p>

<p><col><b>A flea in the ear</b></col>, <cd>an unwelcome hint or unexpected reply, annoying like a flea; an irritating repulse; as, to put a <i>flea in one's ear</i>; to go away with <i>a flea in one's ear</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Beach flea</b></col>, <col><b>Black flea</b></col>, <cd>etc. See under <u>Beach</u>, etc.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Flea"bane`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>One of various plants, supposed to have efficacy in driving away fleas. They belong, for the most part, to the genera <i>Conyza</i>, <i>Erigeron</i>, and <i>Pulicaria</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flea"-bee`tle</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A small beetle of the family <i>Halticid&aelig;</i>, of many species. They have strong posterior legs and leap like fleas. The turnip flea-beetle (<i>Phyllotreta vittata</i>) and that of the grapevine (<i>Graptodera chalybea</i>) are common injurious species.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flea"-bite`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The bite of a flea, or the red spot caused by the bite.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A trifling wound or pain, like that of the bite of a flea.</def> <i>Harvey.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flea"-bit`ten</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Bitten by a flea; as, a <i>flea-bitten</i> face.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>White, flecked with minute dots of bay or sorrel; — said of the color of a horse.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fleagh</hw> (fl&emacr;), obs. <def><pos><i>imp.</i></pos> of <u>Fly</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fleak</hw> (fl&emacr;k), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A flake; a thread or twist.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Little long <i>fleaks</i> or threads of hemp.</blockquote> <i>Dr. H. More.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fleak"ing</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A light covering of reeds, over which the main covering is laid, in thatching houses.</def> [Prov. Eng.] <i>Wright.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flea"-louse`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A jumping plant louse of the family <i>Psyllid&aelig;</i>, of many species. That of the pear tree is <i>Psylla pyri</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fleam</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>flamme</i>, OF. <i>flieme</i>, fr. LL. <i>flevotomum</i>, <i>phlebotomum</i>; cf. D. <i>vlijm</i>. See <u>Phlebotomy</u>.] <i>(Surg. & Far.)</i> <def>A sharp instrument used for opening veins, lancing gums, etc.; a kind of lancet.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Fleam tooth</b></col>, <cd>a tooth of a saw shaped like an isosceles triangle; a peg tooth.</cd> <i>Knight.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fleam"y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Bloody; clotted.</def> [Obs. or Prov.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Foamy bubbling of a <i>fleamy</i> brain.</blockquote> <i>Marston.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flear</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t. & i.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Fleer</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flea"wort`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>An herb used in medicine (<i>Plantago Psyllium</i>), named from the shape of its seeds.</def> <i>Loudon.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Fl&egrave;che</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>fl&egrave;che</i>, prop., an arrow.] <i>(Fort.)</i> <def>A simple fieldwork, consisting of two faces forming a salient angle pointing outward and open at the gorge.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fleck</hw> (fl&ebreve;k), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A flake; also, a lock, as of wool.</def> [Obs.] <i>J. Martin.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fleck</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. Icel. <i>flekkr</i>; akin to Sw. <i>fl&auml;ck</i>, D. <i>vlek</i>, G. <i>fleck</i>, and perh. to E. <i>flitch</i>.] <def>A spot; a streak; a speckle.</def> "A sunny <i>fleck</i>." <i>Longfellow.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Life is dashed with <i>flecks</i> of sin.</blockquote> <i>tennyson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fleck</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Flecked</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Flecking</u>.] [Cf. Icel. <i>flekka</i>, Sw. <i>fl&auml;cka</i>, D. <i>vlekken</i>, <i>vlakken</i>, G. <i>flecken</i>. See <u>Fleck</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <def>To spot; to streak or stripe; to variegate; to dapple.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Both <i>flecked</i> with white, the true Arcadian strain.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>A bird, a cloud, <i>flecking</i> the sunny air.</blockquote> <i>Trench.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fleck"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To fleck.</def> <i>Johnson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fleck"less</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Without spot or blame.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>My consnience will not count me <i>fleckless</i>.</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flec"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Flexion</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of bending, or state of being bent.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The variation of words by declension, comparison, or conjugation; inflection.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flec"tion*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Capable of, or pertaining to, flection or inflection.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A <i>flectional</i> word is a phrase in the bud.</blockquote> <i>Earle.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flec"tor</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A flexor.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fled</hw> (?), <def><pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> of <u>Flee</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fledge</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [OE. <i>flegge</i>, <i>flygge</i>; akin to D. <i>vlug</i>, G. <i>fl&uuml;gge</i>, <i>fl&uuml;cke</i>, OHG. <i>flucchi</i>, Icel. <i>fleygr</i>, and to E. <i>fly</i>. &radic;84. See <u>Fly</u>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos>] <def>Feathered; furnished with feathers or wings; able to fly.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>His shoulders, <i>fledge</i> with wings.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fledge</hw>, <pos><i>v. t. & i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Fledged</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Fledging</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To furnish with feathers; to supply with the feathers necessary for flight.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The birds were not as yet <i>fledged</i> enough to shift for themselves.</blockquote> <i>L'Estrange.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To furnish or adorn with any soft covering.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Your master, whose chin is not yet <i>fledged</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fledge"ling</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A young bird just fledged.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flee</hw> (fl&emacr;), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Fled</u> (fl&ebreve;d); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Fleeing</u>.] [OE. <i>fleon</i>, <i>fleen</i>, AS. <i>fle&oacute;n</i> (<i>imperf</i>. <i>fle&aacute;h</i>); akin to D. <i>vlieden</i>, OHG. & OS. <i>fliohan</i>, G. <i>fliehen</i>, Icel. <i>fl&ymacr;ja</i> (imperf. <i>fl&ymacr;&eth;i</i>), Dan. <i>flye</i>, Sw. <i>fly</i> (imperf. <i>flydde</i>), Goth. <i>&thorn;liuhan</i>. &radic;84. Cf. <u>Flight</u>.] <def>To run away, as from danger or evil; to avoid in an alarmed or cowardly manner; to hasten off; — usually with <i>from</i>. This is sometimes omitted, making the verb transitive.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>[He] cowardly <i>fled</i>, not having struck one stroke.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Flee</i> fornication.</blockquote> <i>1 Cor. vi. 18.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>So <i>fled</i> his enemies my warlike father.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p>&fist; When great speed is to be indicated, we commonly use <i>fly</i>, not <i>flee</i>; as, <i>fly</i> hence to France with the utmost speed. "Whither shall I <i>fly</i> to 'scape their hands?" <i>Shak.</i> See <u>Fly</u>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos>, 5.</p>

<p><hw>Fleece</hw> (fl&emacr;s), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>flees</i>, AS. <i>fle&oacute;s</i>; akin to D. <i>flies</i>, <i>vlies</i> .] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The entire coat of wool that covers a sheep or other similar animal; also, the quantity shorn from a sheep, or animal, at one time.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Who shore me<BR> Like a tame wether, all my precious <i>fleece</i>.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Any soft woolly covering resembling a fleece.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Manuf.)</i> <def>The fine web of cotton or wool removed by the doffing knife from the cylinder of a carding machine.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Fleece wool</b></col>, <cd>wool shorn from the sheep.</cd> — <col><b>Golden fleece</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Golden</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fleece</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Fleeced</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Fleecing</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To deprive of a fleece, or natural covering of wool.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To strip of money or other property unjustly, especially by trickery or fraud; to bring to straits by oppressions and exactions.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Whilst pope and prince shared the wool betwixt them, the people were finely <i>fleeced</i>.</blockquote> <i>Fuller.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To spread over as with wool.</def> [R.] <i>Thomson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fleeced</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Furnished with a fleece; as, a sheep is well <i>fleeced</i>.</def> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Stripped of a fleece; plundered; robbed.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fleece"less</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Without a fleece.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flee"cer</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who fleeces or strips unjustly, especially by trickery or fraund.</def> <i>Prynne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flee"cy</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Covered with, made of, or resembling, a fleece.</def> "<i>Fleecy</i> flocks." <i>Prior.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fleen</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> <def><pos><i>Obs. pl.</i></pos> of <u>Flea</u>.</def> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fle"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who flees.</def> <i>Ld. Berners.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fleer</hw> (?), [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Fleered</u> (&?;); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Fleering</u>.] [OE. <i>flerien</i>; cf. Scot. <i>fleyr</i>, Norw. <i>flira</i> to titter, giggle, laugh at nothing, MHG. <i>vlerre</i>, <i>vlarre</i>, a wide wound.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To make a wry face in contempt, or to grin in scorn; to deride; to sneer; to mock; to gibe; as, to <i>fleer</i> and flout.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>To <i>fleer</i> and scorn at our solemnity.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To grin with an air of civility; to leer.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Grinning and <i>fleering</i> as though they went to a bear baiting.</blockquote> <i>Latimer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fleer</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To mock; to flout at.</def> <i>Beau. & Fl.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fleer</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A word or look of derision or mockery.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>And mark the <i>fleers</i>, the gibes, and notable scorn.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A grin of civility; a leer.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>A sly, treacherous <i>fleer</i> on the face of deceivers.</blockquote> <i>South.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fleer"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who fleers.</def> <i>Beau. & Fl.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fleer"ing*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a fleering manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fleet</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Fleeted</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Fleeting</u>.] [OE. <i>fleten</i>, <i>fleoten</i>, to swim, AS. <i>fle&oacute;tan</i> to swim, float; akin to D. <i>vlieten</i> to flow, OS. <i>fliotan</i>, OHG. <i>fliozzan</i>, G. <i>fliessen</i>, Icel. <i>flj&omacr;ta</i> to float, flow, Sw. <i>flyta</i>, D. <i>flyde</i>, L. <i>pluere</i> to rain, Gr. &?; to sail, swim, float, Skr. <i>plu</i> to swim, sail. &radic;84. Cf. <u>Fleet</u>, <pos><i>n. & a.</i></pos>, <u>Float</u>, <u>Pluvial</u>, <u>Flow</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To sail; to float.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>And in frail wood on Adrian Gulf doth <i>fleet</i>.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To fly swiftly; to pass over quickly; to hasten; to flit as a light substance.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>All the unaccomplished works of Nature's hand, . . . <BR> Dissolved on earth, <i>fleet</i> hither.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>To slip on the whelps or the barrel of a capstan or windlass; — said of a cable or hawser.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fleet</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To pass over rapidly; to skin the surface of; as, a ship that <i>fleets</i> the gulf.</def> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To hasten over; to cause to pass away lighty, or in mirth and joy.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Many young gentlemen flock to him, and <i>fleet</i> the time carelessly.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Naut.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>To draw apart the blocks of; — said of a tackle.</def> <i>Totten.</i></p>

<p><sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>To cause to slip down the barrel of a capstan or windlass, as a rope or chain.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fleet</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<pos><i>Compar.</i></pos> <u>Fleeter</u> (?); <pos><i>superl.</i></pos> <u>Fleetest</u>.] [Cf. Icel. <i>flj&?;tr</i> quick. See <u>Fleet</u>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Swift in motion; moving with velocity; light and quick in going from place to place; nimble.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>In mail their horses clad, yet <i>fleet</i> and strong.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Light; superficially thin; not penetrating deep, as soil.</def> [Prov. Eng.] <i>Mortimer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fleet</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>flete</i>, <i>fleote</i>, AS. <i>fle&oacute;t</i> ship, fr. <i>fle&oacute;tan</i> to float, swim. See <u>Fleet</u>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> and cf. <u>Float</u>.] <def>A number of vessels in company, especially war vessels; also, the collective naval force of a country, etc.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Fleet captain</b></col>, <cd>the senior aid of the admiral of a fleet, when a captain.</cd> <i>Ham. Nav. Encyc.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fleet</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>fle&oacute;t</i> a place where vessels float, bay, river; akin to D. <i>vliet</i> rill, brook, G. <i>fliess</i>. See <u>Fleet</u>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A flood; a creek or inlet; a bay or estuary; a river; — obsolete, except as a place name, — as <i>Fleet</i> Street in London.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Together wove we nets to entrap the fish<BR> In floods and sedgy <i>fleets</i>.</blockquote> <i>Matthewes.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A former prison in London, which originally stood near a stream, the <i>Fleet</i> (now filled up).</def></p>

<p><col><b>Fleet parson</b></col>, <cd>a clergyman of low character, in, or in the vicinity of, the Fleet prison, who was ready to unite persons in marriage (called <i>Fleet marriage</i>) at any hour, without public notice, witnesses, or consent of parents.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fleet</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [AS. <i>fl&emacr;t</i> cream, fr. <i>fle&oacute;tan</i> to float. See <u>Fleet</u>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos>] <def>To take the cream from; to skim.</def> [Prov. Eng.] <i>Johnson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fleet"en</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Fleeted or skimmed milk.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><col><b>Fleeten face</b></col>, <cd>a face of the color of fleeten, <i>i. e.</i>, blanched; hence, a coward.</cd> "You know where you are, you <i>fleeten face</i>." <i>Beau. & Fl.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fleet"-foot`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Swift of foot.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fleet"ing</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Passing swiftly away; not durable; transient; transitory; as, the <i>fleeting</i> hours or moments.</def></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Evanescent; ephemeral. See <u>Transient</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Fleet"ing*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a fleeting manner; swiftly.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fleet"ings</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> <def>A mixture of buttermilk and boiling whey; curds.</def> [prov. Eng.] <i>Wright.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fleet"ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a fleet manner; rapidly.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fleet"ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Swiftness; rapidity; velocity; celerity; speed; as, the <i>fleetness</i> of a horse or of time.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fleigh</hw> (?), obs. <def><pos><i>imp.</i></pos> of <u>Fly</u>.</def> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fleme</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [AS. <i>fl&emacr;man</i>, <i>fl&ymacr;man</i>.] <def>To banish; to drive out; to expel.</def> [Obs.] "Appetite <i>flemeth discretion</i>." <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flem"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who, or that which, banishes or expels.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flem"ing</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A native or inhabitant of Flanders.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flem"ish</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pertaining to Flanders, or the Flemings.</def> — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The language or dialect spoken by the Flemings; also, collectively, the people of Flanders.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Flemish accounts</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>short or deficient accounts.</cd> [Humorous] <i>Ham. Nav. Encyc.</i> — <col><b>Flemish beauty</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>a well known pear. It is one of few kinds which have a red color on one side.</cd> — <col><b>Flemish bond</b></col>. <i>(Arch.)</i> <cd>See <u>Bond</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, 8.</cd> — <col><b>Flemish brick</b></col>, <cd>a hard yellow paving brick.</cd> — <col><b>Flemish coil</b></col>, <cd>a flat coil of rope with the end in the center and the turns lying against, without riding over, each other.</cd> — <col><b>Flemish eye</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>an eye formed at the end of a rope by dividing the strands and lying them over each other.</cd> — <col><b>Flemish horse</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>an additional footrope at the end of a yard.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Flench</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Flence</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flense</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [Cf. Dan. <i>flense</i>, D. <i>vlensen</i>, <i>vlenzen</i>, Scot. <i>flinch</i>.] <def>To strip the blubber or skin from, as from a whale, seal, etc.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>the <i>flensed</i> carcass of a fur seal.</blockquote> <i>U. S. Census (1880).</i></p>

<p><hw>Flesh</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>flesch</i>, <i>flesc</i>, AS. <i>fl&?;sc</i>; akin to OFries. <i>fl&amacr;sk</i>, D. <i>vleesch</i>, OS. <i>fl&?;sk</i>, OHG. <i>fleisc</i>, G. <i>fleisch</i>, Icel. & Dan. <i>flesk</i> lard, bacon, pork, Sw. <i>fl&auml;sk</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The aggregate of the muscles, fat, and other tissues which cover the framework of bones in man and other animals; especially, the muscles.</def></p>

<p>&fist; In composition it is mainly albuminous, but contains in adition a large number of crystalline bodies, such as creatin, xanthin, hypoxanthin, carnin, etc. It is also rich in phosphate of potash.</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Animal food, in distinction from vegetable; meat; especially, the body of beasts and birds used as food, as distinguished from <i>fish</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>With roasted <i>flesh</i>, or milk, and wastel bread.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>The human body, as distinguished from the soul; the corporeal person.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>As if this <i>flesh</i>, which walls about our life,<BR> Were brass impregnable.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>The human eace; mankind; humanity.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>All <i>flesh</i> had corrupted his way upon the earth.</blockquote> <i>Gen. vi. 12.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>Human nature</def>: <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>In a good sense, tenderness of feeling; gentleness.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>There is no <i>flesh</i> in man's obdurate heart.</blockquote> <i>Cowper.</i></p>

<p><sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>In a bad sense, tendency to transient or physical pleasure; desire for sensual gratification; carnality.</def> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <i>(Theol.)</i> <def>The character under the influence of animal propensities or selfish passions; the soul unmoved by spiritual influences.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>Kindred; stock; race.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He is our brother and our <i>flesh</i>.</blockquote> <i>Gen. xxxvii. 27.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <def>The soft, pulpy substance of fruit; also, that part of a root, fruit, and the like, which is fit to be eaten.</def></p>

<p>&fist; <i>Flesh</i> is often used adjectively or self-explaining compounds; as, <i>flesh</i> broth or <i>flesh</i>-broth; <i>flesh</i> brush or <i>fleshbrush</i>; <i>flesh</i> tint or <i>flesh</i>-tint; <i>flesh</i> wound.</p>

<p><col><b>After the flesh</b></col>, <cd>after the manner of man; in a gross or earthly manner.</cd> "Ye judge <i>after the flesh</i>." <i>John viii. 15.</i> — <col><b>An arm of flesh</b></col>, <cd>human strength or aid.</cd> — <col><b>Flesh and blood</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Blood</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Flesh broth</b></col>, <cd>broth made by boiling flesh in water.</cd> — <col><b>Flesh fly</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>one of several species of flies whose larv&aelig; or maggots feed upon flesh, as the bluebottle fly; — called also <i>meat fly</i>, <i>carrion fly</i>, and <i>blowfly</i>. See <u>Blowly</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Flesh meat</b></col>, <cd>animal food.</cd> <i>Swift.</i> — <col><b>Flesh side</b></col>, <cd>the side of a skin or hide which was next to the flesh; — opposed to <i>grain side</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Flesh tint</b></col> <i>(Painting)</i>, <cd>a color used in painting to imitate the hue of the living body.</cd> — <col><b>Flesh worm</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>any insect larva of a flesh fly. See <i>Flesh fly</i> (above).</cd> — <col><b>Proud flesh</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Proud</u>.</cd> — <col><b>To be one flesh</b></col>, <cd>to be closely united as in marriage; to become as one person.</cd> <i>Gen. ii. 24.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flesh</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Fleshed</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Fleshing</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To feed with flesh, as an incitement to further exertion; to initiate; — from the practice of training hawks and dogs by feeding them with the first game they take, or other flesh. Hence, to use upon flesh (as a murderous weapon) so as to draw blood, especially for the first time.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Full bravely hast thou <i>fleshed</i><BR> Thy maiden sword.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The wild dog<BR> Shall <i>flesh</i> his tooth on every innocent.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To glut; to satiate; hence, to harden, to accustom.</def> "<i>Fleshed</i> in triumphs." <i>Glanvill.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Old soldiers<BR> <i>Fleshed</i> in the spoils of Germany and France.</blockquote> <i>Beau. & Fl.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Leather Manufacture)</i> <def>To remove flesh, membrance, etc., from, as from hides.</def></p>

<p><! p. 570 !></p>

<p><hw>Fleshed</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Corpulent; fat; having flesh.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Glutted; satiated; initiated.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Fleshed</i> with slaughter.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flesh"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A butcher.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A <i>flesher</i> on a block had laid his whittle down.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A two-handled, convex, blunt-edged knife, for scraping hides; a fleshing knife.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flesh"hood</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The state or condition of having a form of flesh; incarnation.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Thou, who hast thyself<BR> Endured this <i>fleshhood</i>.</blockquote> <i>Mrs. Browning.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flesh"i*ness</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The state of being fleshy; plumpness; corpulence; grossness.</def> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flesh"ings</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> <def>Flesh- colored tights, worn by actors and dancers.</def> <i>D. Jerrold.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flesh"less</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Destitute of flesh; lean.</def> <i>Carlyle.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flesh"li*ness</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The state of being fleshly; carnal passions and appetites.</def> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flesh"ling</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A person devoted to fleshly things.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flesh"ly</hw> (-l&ybreve;), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [AS. <i>fl&aemacr;scl&imacr;c</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Of or pertaining to the flesh; corporeal.</def> "<i>Fleshly</i> bondage." <i>Denham.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Animal; not vegetable.</def> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Human; not celestial; not spiritual or divine.</def> "<i>Fleshly</i> wisdom." <i>2 Cor. i. 12.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Much ostentation vain of <i>fleshly</i> arm<BR> And fragile arms.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Carnal; wordly; lascivious.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Abstain from fleshly lusts, which war against the soul.</blockquote> <i>1 Pet. ii. 11.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flesh"ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a fleshly manner; carnally; lasciviously.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flesh"ment</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The act of fleshing, or the excitement attending a successful beginning.</def> [R.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flesh"mon`ger</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>fl&aemacr;sc mangere</i>.] <def>One who deals in flesh; hence, a pimp; a procurer; a pander.</def> [R.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flesh"pot`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A pot or vessel in which flesh is cooked</def>; hence (<i>pl.</i>), <def>plenty; high living.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>In the land of Egypt . . . we sat by the <i>fleshpots</i>, and . . . did eat bread to the full.</blockquote> <i>Ex. xvi. 3.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flesh"quake`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A quaking or trembling of the flesh; a quiver.</def> [Obs.] <i>B. Jonson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flesh"y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<pos><i>Compar.</i></pos> <u>Fleshier</u> (?); <pos><i>superl.</i></pos> <u>Fleshiest</u> (?).] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Full of, or composed of, flesh; plump; corpulent; fat; gross.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The sole of his foot is fleshy.</blockquote> <i>Ray.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Human.</def> [Obs.] "<i>Fleshy</i> tabernacle." <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Composed of firm pulp; succulent; as, the houseleek, cactus, and agave are <i>fleshy</i> plants.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flet</hw> (?), <pos><i>p. p.</i></pos> of <u>Fleet</u>. <def>Skimmed.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Fletch</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Fletched</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Fletching</u>.] [F. <i>fl&egrave;che</i> arrow.] <def>To feather, as an arrow.</def> <i>Bp. Warburton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>[Congress] <i>fletched</i> their complaint, by adding: "America loved his brother."</blockquote> <i>Bancroft.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fletch"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>flechier</i>.] <def>One who fletches or feathers arrows; a manufacturer of bows and arrows.</def> [Obs.] <i>Mortimer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flete</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [See <u>Fleet</u>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos>] <def>To float; to swim.</def> [Obs.] "Whether I sink or <i>flete</i>." <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fle*tif"er*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>fletifer</i>; <i>fletus</i> a weeping (from <i>flere</i>, <i>fletum</i>, to weep) + <i>ferre</i> to bear.] <def>Producing tears.</def> [Obs.] <i>Blount.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Fleur`-de-lis`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Fleurs-de-lis</b></plw> (#). [F., flower of the lily. Cf. <u>Flower-de-luce</u>, <u>Lily</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The iris. See <u>Flower-de-luce</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A conventional flower suggested by the iris, and having a form which fits it for the terminal decoration of a scepter, the ornaments of a crown, etc. It is also a heraldic bearing, and is identified with the royal arms and adornments of France.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fleur"y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [F. <i>fleuri</i> covered with flowers, p. p. of <i>fleurir</i>. See <u>Flourish</u>.] <i>(Her.)</i> <def>Finished at the ends with fleurs-de-lis; — said esp. of a cross so decorated.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flew</hw> (?), <def><pos><i>imp.</i></pos> of <u>Fly</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flewed</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having large flews.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flews</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> <def>The pendulous or overhanging lateral parts of the upper lip of dogs, especially prominent in hounds; — called also <i>chaps</i>. See <i>Illust.</i> of <u>Bloodhound</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flex</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Flexed</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Flexing</u>.] [L. <i>flexus</i>, p. p. of <i>flectere</i> to bend, perh. <i>flectere</i> and akin to <i>falx</i> sickle, E. <i>falchion</i>. Cf. <u>Flinch</u>.] <def>To bend; as, to <i>flex</i> the arm.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flex</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Flax.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flex*an"i*mous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>flexanimus</i>; <i>flectere</i>, <i>flexum</i>, to bend + <i>animus</i> mind.] <def>Having power to change the mind.</def> [Obs.] <i>Howell.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flex`i*bil"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>flexibilitas</i>: cf. F. <i>flexibilite</i>.] <def>The state or quality of being flexible; flexibleness; pliancy; pliability; as, the <i>flexibility</i> of strips of hemlock, hickory, whalebone or metal, or of rays of light.</def> <i>Sir I. Newton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>All the <i>flexibility</i> of a veteran courtier.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flex"i*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>flexibilis</i>: cf. F. <i>flexible</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Capable of being flexed or bent; admitting of being turned, bowed, or twisted, without breaking; pliable; yielding to pressure; not stiff or brittle.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>When the splitting wind<BR> Makes <i>flexible</i> the knees of knotted oaks.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Willing or ready to yield to the influence of others; not invincibly rigid or obstinate; tractable; manageable; ductile; easy and compliant; wavering.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Phocion was a man of great severity, and no ways <i>flexible</i> to the will of the people.</blockquote> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Women are soft, mild, pitiful, and <i>flexible</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Capable or being adapted or molded; plastic,; as, a <i>flexible</i> language.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>This was a principle more <i>flexible</i> to their purpose.</blockquote> <i>Rogers.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Pliant; pliable; supple; tractable; manageable; ductile; obsequious; inconstant; wavering.</p>

<p>— <wf>Flex"i*ble*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> — <wf>Flex"i*bly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Flex`i*cos"tate</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>flexus</i> bent + E. <i>costate</i>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Having bent or curved ribs.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flex"ile</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>flexilis</i>.] <def>Flexible; pliant; pliable; easily bent; plastic; tractable.</def> <i>Wordsworth.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flex"ion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>flexio</i>: cf. F. <i>flexion</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of flexing or bending; a turning.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A bending; a part bent; a fold.</def> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Gram.)</i> <def>Syntactical change of form of words, as by declension or conjugation; inflection.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Express the syntactical relations by <i>flexion</i>.</blockquote> <i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Physiol.)</i> <def>The bending of a limb or joint; that motion of a joint which gives the distal member a continually decreasing angle with the axis of the proximal part; — distinguished from <i>extension</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flex"or</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>A muscle which bends or flexes any part; as, the <i>flexors</i> of the arm or the hand; — opposed to <i>extensor</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flex"u*ose`</hw> (?; 135), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Flexuous.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flex"u*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>flexuosus</i>, fr. <i>flexus</i> a bending, turning.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Having turns, windings, or flexures.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Having alternate curvatures in opposite directions; bent in a zigzag manner.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Wavering; not steady; flickering.</def> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flex"u*ral</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [From <u>Flexure</u>.] <def>Of, pertaining to, or resulting from, flexure; of the nature of, or characterized by, flexure; as, <i>flexural</i> elasticity.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flex"ure</hw> (?; 135), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>flexura</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of flexing or bending; a turning or curving; flexion; hence, obsequious bowing or bending.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Will it give place to <i>flexure</i> and low bending?</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A turn; a bend; a fold; a curve.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Varying with the <i>flexures</i> of the valley through which it meandered.</blockquote> <i>British Quart. Rev.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The last joint, or bend, of the wing of a bird.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Astron.)</i> <def>The small distortion of an astronomical instrument caused by the weight of its parts; the amount to be added or substracted from the observed readings of the instrument to correct them for this distortion.</def></p>

<p><col><b>The flexure of a curve</b></col> <i>(Math.)</i>, <cd>the bending of a curve towards or from a straight line.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Flib"ber*gib</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A sycophant.</def> [Obs. & Humorous.] "Flatterers and <i>flibbergibs</i>." <i>Latimer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flib"ber*ti*gib`bet</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>An imp.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Fli`bus`tier"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F.] <def>A buccaneer; an American pirate. See <u>Filibuster</u>.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Flick</hw> (fl&ibreve;k), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Flicked</u> (fl&ibreve;kt); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Flicking</u>.] [Cf. <i>Flicker</i>.] <def>To whip lightly or with a quick jerk; to flap; as, to <i>flick</i> a horse; to <i>flick</i> the dirt from boots.</def> <i>Thackeray.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flick</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A flitch; as, a <i>flick</i> of bacon.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flick"er</hw> (-&etilde;r), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Flickered</u> (-&etilde;rd); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Flickering</u>.] [OE. <i>flikeren</i>, <i>flekeren</i>, to flutter, AS. <i>flicerian</i>, <i>flicorian</i>, cf. D. <i>flikkeren</i> to sparkle. &radic;84. Cf. <i>Flacker</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To flutter; to flap the wings without flying.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>And <i>flickering</i> on her nest made short essays to sing.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To waver unsteadily, like a flame in a current of air, or when about to expire; as, the <i>flickering</i> light.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The shadows <i>flicker</i> to fro.</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flick"er</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of wavering or of fluttering; fluctuation; sudden and brief increase of brightness; as, the last <i>flicker</i> of the dying flame.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The golden-winged woodpecker (<i>Colaptes aurutus</i>); — so called from its spring note. Called also <i>yellow-hammer</i>, <i>high-holder</i>, <i>pigeon woodpecker</i>, and <i>yucca</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The cackle of the <i>flicker</i> among the oaks.</blockquote> <i>Thoureau.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flick"ering*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a flickering manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flick"er*mouse`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>See <u>Flittermouse</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flidge</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Fledged; fledge.</def> [Obs.] <i>Holland.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flidge</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To become fledged; to fledge.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Every day build their nests, every hour <i>flidge</i>.</blockquote> <i>R. Greene.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fli"er</hw> (fl&imacr;"&etilde;r), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Form <u>Fly</u>, <pos><i>v.</i></pos>; cf. <u>Flyer</u>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who flies or flees; a runaway; a fugitive.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Mach.)</i> <def>A fly. See <u>Fly</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, 9, and 13 <sd><i>(b)</i></sd>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Spinning)</i> <def>See <u>Flyer</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, 5.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>See <u>Flyer</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, 4.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flight</hw> (fl&imacr;t), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>fliht</i>, <i>flyht</i>, a flying, fr. <i>fle&oacute;gan</i> to fly; cf. <i>flyht</i> a fleeing, fr. <i>fle&oacute;n</i> to flee, G. <i>flucht</i> a fleeing, Sw. <i>flykt</i>, G. <i>flug</i> a flying, Sw. <i>flygt</i>, D. <i>vlugt</i> a fleeing or flying, Dan. <i>flugt</i>. &radic;84. See <u>Flee</u>, <u>Fly</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of flying; a passing through the air by the help of wings; volitation; mode or style of flying.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Like the night owl's lazy <i>flight</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The act of fleeing; the act of running away, to escape danger or expected evil; hasty departure.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Pray ye that your <i>flight</i> be not in the winter.</blockquote> <i>Matt. xxiv. 20.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Fain by <i>flight</i> to save themselves.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Lofty elevation and excursion; a mounting; a soaring; as, a <i>flight</i> of imagination, ambition, folly.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Could he have kept his spirit to that <i>flight</i>,<BR> <i>He had been happy</i>.</blockquote> <i>Byron.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>His highest <i>flights</i> were indeed far below those of Taylor.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>A number of beings or things passing through the air together; especially, a flock of birds flying in company; the birds that fly or migrate together; the birds produced in one season; as, a <i>flight</i> of arrows.</def> <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Swift <i>flights</i> of angels ministrant.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Like a <i>flight</i> of fowl<BR> Scattered winds and tempestuous gusts.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>A series of steps or stairs from one landing to another.</def> <i>Parker.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>A kind of arrow for the longbow; also, the sport of shooting with it. See <u>Shaft</u>.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Challenged Cupid at the <i>flight</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Not a <i>flight</i> drawn home<BR> E'er made that haste that they have.</blockquote> <i>Beau. & Fl.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <def>The husk or glume of oats.</def> [Prov. Eng.] <i>Wright.</i>

</p>

<p><col><b>Flight feathers</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the wing feathers of a bird, including the quills, coverts, and bastard wing. See <u>Bird</u>.</cd> — <col><b>To put to flight</b></col>, <col><b>To turn to flight</b></col>, <cd>to compel to run away; to force to flee; to rout.</cd></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Pair; set. See <u>Pair</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Flight"ed</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Taking flight; flying; — used in composition.</def> "Drowsy- <i>flighted</i> steeds." <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Her.)</i> <def>Feathered; — said of arrows.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flight"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Brewing)</i> <def>A horizontal vane revolving over the surface of wort in a cooler, to produce a circular current in the liquor.</def> <i>Knight.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flight"i*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a flighty manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flight"i*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The state or quality of being flighty.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>flightness</i> of her temper.</blockquote> <i>Hawthorne.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Levity; giddiness; volatility; lightness; wildness; eccentricity. See <u>Levity</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Flight"-shot`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The distance to which an arrow or flight may be shot; bowshot, — about the fifth of a mile.</def> [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Within a <i>flight-shot</i> it inthe valley.</blockquote> <i>Evelyn.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Half a <i>flight-shot</i> from the king's oak.</blockquote> <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flight"y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Fleeting; swift; transient.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>flighty</i> purpose never is o'ertook,<BR> Unless the deed go with it.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Indulging in flights, or wild and unrestrained sallies, of imagination, humor, caprice, etc.; given to disordered fancies and extravagant conduct; volatile; giddy; eccentric; slighty delirious.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Proofs of my <i>flighty</i> and paradoxical turn of mind.</blockquote> <i>Coleridge.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>A harsh disciplinarian and a <i>flighty</i> enthusiast.</blockquote> <i>J. S. Harford.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flim"flam</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. <u>Flam</u>.] <def>A freak; a trick; a lie.</def> <i>Beau. & Fl.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flim"si*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a flimsy manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flim"si*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The state or quality of being flimsy.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flim"sy</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<pos><i>Compar.</i></pos> <u>Flimsier</u> (?); <pos><i>superl.</i></pos> <u>Flimsiest</u>.] [Cf. W. <i>llymsi</i> naked, bare, empty, sluggish, spiritless. Cf. <u>Limsy</u>.] <def>Weak; feeble; limp; slight; vain; without strength or solidity; of loose and unsubstantial structure; without reason or plausibility; as, a <i>flimsy</i> argument, excuse, objection.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Proud of a vast extent of <i>flimsy</i> lines.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>All the <i>flimsy</i> furniture of a country miss's brain.</blockquote> <i>Sheridan.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Weak; feeble; superficial; shallow; vain.</p>

<p><hw>Flim"sy</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Thin or transfer paper.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A bank note.</def> [Slang, Eng.]</p>

<p><hw>Flinch</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Flinched</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Flinching</u>.] [Prob. fr. OE. <i>flecchen</i> to waver, give way, F. <i>fl&eacute;chir</i>, fr. L. <i>flectere</i> to bend; but prob. influenced by E. <i>blench</i>. Cf. <u>Flex</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To withdraw from any suffering or undertaking, from pain or danger; to fail in doing or perserving; to show signs of yielding or of suffering; to shrink; to wince; as, one of the parties <i>flinched</i> from the combat.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A child, by a constant course of kindness, may be accustomed to bear very rough usage without <i>flinching</i> or complaining.</blockquote> <i>Locke.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Croquet)</i> <def>To let the foot slip from a ball, when attempting to give a tight croquet.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flinch</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The act of flinching.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flinch"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who flinches or fails.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flinch"ing*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a flinching manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flin"der*mouse`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>[OE. <i>vlindre</i> moth (cf. D. <i>vlinder</i> butterfly) + E. <i>mouse</i>. Cf. <u>Flittermouse</u>, <u>Flinders</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A bat; a flittermouse.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flin"ders</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [Scot. <i>flenders</i>, <i>flendris</i>; perh. akin to E. <i>flutter</i>; cf. D. <i>flenters</i> rags, broken pieces.] <def>Small pieces or splinters; fragments.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The tough ash spear, so stout and true,<BR> Into a thousand <i>flinders</i> flew.</blockquote> <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fling</hw> (fl&ibreve;ng), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Flung</u> (fl&ubreve;ng); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Flinging</u>.] [OE. <i>flingen</i>, <i>flengen</i>, to rush, hurl; cf. Icel. <i>flengia</i> to whip, ride furiously, OSw. <i>flenga</i> to strike, Sw. <i>fl&auml;nga</i> to romp, Dan. <i>flenge</i> to slash.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To cast, send, to throw from the hand; to hurl; to dart; to emit with violence as if thrown from the hand; as, to <i>fing</i> a stone into the pond.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>'T is Fate that <i>flings</i> the dice: and, as she <i>flings</i>,<BR> Of kings makes peasants, and of peasants kings.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>He . . . like Jove, his lighting <i>flung</i>.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>I know thy generous temper well.<BR> <i>Fling</i> but the appearance of dishonor on it,<BR> It straight takes fire.</blockquote> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To shed forth; to emit; to scatter.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The sun begins to <i>fling</i><BR> His flaring beams.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Every beam new transient colors <i>flings</i>.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To throw; to hurl; to throw off or down; to prostrate; hence, to baffle; to defeat; as, to <i>fling</i> a party in litigation.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>His horse started, <i>flung</i> him, and fell upon him.</blockquote> <i>Walpole.</i></p>

<p><! p. 571 !></p>

<p><col><b>To fling about</b></col>, <cd>to throw on all sides; to scatter.</cd> — <col><b>To fling away</b></col>, <cd>to reject; to discard.</cd></p>

<p><blockquote>Cromwell, I charge thee, <i>fling away</i> ambition.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p>—<col><b>To fling down</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>To throw to the ground; esp., to throw in defiance, as formerly knights cast a glove into the arena as a challenge.</cd></p>

<p><blockquote>This question so <i>flung down</i> before the guests,
. . . <BR>
Was handed over by consent of all<BR>
To me who had not spoken.</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>To overturn; to demolish; to ruin.</cd> — <col><b>To fling in</b></col>, <cd>to throw in; not to charge in an account; as, in settling accounts, one party <i>flings in</i> a small sum, or a few days' work.</cd> — <col><b>To fling off</b></col>, <cd>to baffle in the chase; to defeat of prey; also, to get rid of.</cd> <i>Addison.</i> — <col><b>To fling open</b></col>, <cd>to throw open; to open suddenly or with violence; as, <i>to fling open</i> a door.</cd> — <col><b>To fling out</b></col>, <cd>to utter; to speak in an abrupt or harsh manner; as, <i>to fling out</i> hard words against another.</cd> — <col><b>To fling up</b></col>, <cd>to relinquish; to abandon; as, <i>to fling up</i> a design.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fling</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To throw; to wince; to flounce; as, the horse began to kick and <i>fling</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To cast in the teeth; to utter abusive language; to sneer; as, the scold began to flout and <i>fling</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To throw one's self in a violent or hasty manner; to rush or spring with violence or haste.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>And crop-full, out of doors he <i>flings</i>.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>I <i>flung</i> closer to his breast,<BR> As sword that, after battle, <i>flings</i> to sheath.</blockquote> <i>Mrs. Browning.</i></p>

<p><col><b>To fling out</b></col>, <cd>to become ugly and intractable; to utter sneers and insinuations.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fling</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A cast from the hand; a throw; also, a flounce; a kick; as, the <i>fling</i> of a horse.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A severe or contemptuous remark; an expression of sarcastic scorn; a gibe; a sarcasm.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I, who love to have a <i>fling</i>,<BR> Both at senate house and king.</blockquote> <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A kind of dance; as, the Highland <i>fling</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>A trifing matter; an object of contempt.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>England were but a <i>fling</i><BR> Save for the crooked stick and the gray goose wing.</blockquote> <i>Old Proverb.</i></p>

<p><col><b>To have one's fling</b></col>, <cd>to enjoy one's self to the full; to have a season of dissipation.</cd> <i>J. H. Newman.</i> "When I was as young as you, I <i>had my fling</i>. I led a life of pleasure." <i>D. Jerrold.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fling"dust`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who kicks up the dust; a streetwalker; a low manner.</def> [Obs.] <i>Beau. & Fl.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fling"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who flings; one who jeers.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flint</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>flint</i>, akin to Sw. <i>flinta</i>, Dan. <i>flint</i>; cf. OHG. <i>flins</i> flint, G. <i>flinte</i> gun (cf. E. <i>flint</i>lock), perh. akin to Gr. &?; brick. Cf. <u>Plinth</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Min.)</i> <def>A massive, somewhat impure variety of quartz, in color usually of a gray to brown or nearly black, breaking with a conchoidal fracture and sharp edge. It is very hard, and strikes fire with steel.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A piece of flint for striking fire; — formerly much used, esp. in the hammers of gun locks.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Anything extremely hard, unimpressible, and unyielding, like flint.</def> "A heart of <i>flint</i>." <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Flint age</b></col>. <i>(Geol.)</i> <cd>Same as <i>Stone age</i>, under <u>Stone</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Flint brick</b></col>, <cd>a fire made principially of powdered silex.</cd> — <col><b>Flint glass</b></col>. <cd>See in the Vocabulary.</cd> — <col><b>Flint implements</b></col> <i>(Arch&aelig;ol.)</i>, <cd>tools, etc., employed by men before the use of metals, such as axes, arrows, spears, knives, wedges, etc., which were commonly made of flint, but also of granite, jade, jasper, and other hard stones.</cd> — <col><b>Flint mill</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <i>(Pottery)</i> <cd>A mill in which flints are ground.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <i>(Mining)</i> <cd>An obsolete appliance for lighting the miner at his work, in which flints on a revolving wheel were made to produce a shower of sparks, which gave light, but did not inflame the fire damp.</cd> <i>Knight.</i> — <col><b>Flint stone</b></col>, <cd>a hard, siliceous stone; a flint.</cd> — <col><b>Flint wall</b></col>, <cd>a kind of wall, common in England, on the face of which are exposed the black surfaces of broken flints set in the mortar, with quions of masonry.</cd> — <col><b>Liquor of flints</b></col>, <cd>a solution of silica, or flints, in potash.</cd> — <col><b>To skin a flint</b></col>, <cd>to be capable of, or guilty of, any expedient or any meanness for making money.</cd> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><hw>Flint" glass`</hw> (?). <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A soft, heavy, brilliant glass, consisting essentially of a silicate of lead and potassium. It is used for tableware, and for optical instruments, as prisms, its density giving a high degree of dispersive power; — so called, because formerly the silica was obtained from pulverized flints. Called also <i>crystal glass</i>. Cf. <u>Glass</u>.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The concave or diverging half on an achromatic lens is usually made of <i>flint glass</i>.</p>

<p><hw>Flint"-heart`ed</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Hard- hearted.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flint"i*ness</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The state or quality of being flinty; hardness; cruelty.</def> <i>Beau. & Fl.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flint"lock`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A lock for a gun or pistol, having a flint fixed in the hammer, which on striking the steel ignites the priming.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A hand firearm fitted with a flintlock; esp., the old-fashioned musket of European and other armies.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flint"ware`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A superior kind of earthenware into whose composition flint enters largely.</def> <i>Knight.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flint"wood`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>An Australian name for the very hard wood of the <i>Eucalyptus piluralis</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flint"y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<pos><i>Compar.</i></pos> <u>Flintier</u> (?); <pos><i>superl.</i></pos> <u>Flintiest</u>.] <def>Consisting of, composed of, abounding in, or resembling, flint; as, a <i>flinty</i> rock; <i>flinty</i> ground; a <i>flinty</i> heart.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Flinty rock</b></col>, or <col><b>Flinty state</b></col>, <cd>a siliceous slate; — basanite is here included. See <u>Basanite</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Flip</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. Prov. E. <i>flip</i> nimble, flippant, also, a slight blow. Cf. <u>Flippant</u>.] <def>A mixture of beer, spirit, etc., stirred and heated by a hot iron.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Flip dog</b></col>, <cd>an iron used, when heated, to warm flip.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Flip</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Flipped</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Flipping</u>.] <def>To toss or fillip; as, to <i>flip</i> up a cent.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>As when your little ones<BR> Do 'twixt their fingers <i>flip</i> their cherry stones.</blockquote> <i>W. Browne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flipe</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To turn inside out, or with the leg part back over the foot, as a stocking in pulling off or for putting on.</def> [Scot.]</p>

<p><hw>Flip"-flap`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Flip</u>, and <u>Flap</u>.] <def>The repeated stroke of something long and loose.</def> <i>Johnson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flip"-flap`</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>With repeated strokes and noise, as of something long and loose.</def> <i>Ash.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flip"pan*cy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>[See <u>Flippant</u>.] <def>The state or quality of being flippant.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>This <i>flippancy</i> of language.</blockquote> <i>Bp. Hurd.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flip"pant</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Prov. E. <i>flip</i> to move nimbly; cf. W. <i>llipa</i> soft, limber, pliant, or Icel. <i>fleipa</i> to babble, prattle. Cf. <u>Flip</u>, <u>Fillip</u>, <u>Flap</u>, <u>Flipper</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Of smooth, fluent, and rapid speech; speaking with ease and rapidity; having a voluble tongue; talkative.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>It becometh good men, in such cases, to be <i>flippant</i> and free in their speech.</blockquote> <i>Barrow.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Speaking fluently and confidently, without knowledge or consideration; empty; trifling; inconsiderate; pert; petulant.</def> "<i>Flippant</i> epilogues." <i>Thomson.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>To put <i>flippant</i> scorn to the blush.</blockquote> <i>I. Taylor.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>A sort of <i>flippant</i>, vain discourse.</blockquote> <i>Burke.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flip"pant</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A flippant person.</def> [R.] <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flip"pant*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a flippant manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flip"pant*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>State or quality of being flippant.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flip"per</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. <u>Flip</u>, <u>Flippant</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A broad flat limb used for swimming, as those of seals, sea turtles, whales, etc.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>The hand.</def> [Slang]</p>

<p><hw>Flirt</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Flirted</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Flirting</u>.] [Cf. AS. <i>fleard</i> trifle, folly, <i>fleardian</i> to trifle.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To throw with a jerk or quick effort; to fling suddenly; as, they <i>flirt</i> water in each other's faces; he <i>flirted</i> a glove, or a handkerchief.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To toss or throw about; to move playfully to and fro; as, to <i>flirt</i> a fan.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To jeer at; to treat with contempt; to mock.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>I am ashamed; I am scorned; I am <i>flirted</i>.</blockquote> <i>Beau. & Fl.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flirt</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To run and dart about; to act with giddiness, or from a desire to attract notice; especially, to play the coquette; to play at courtship; to coquet; as, they <i>flirt</i> with the young men.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To utter contemptuous language, with an air of disdain; to jeer or gibe.</def> [Obs.] <i>Beau. & Fl.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flirt</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A sudden jerk; a quick throw or cast; a darting motion; hence, a jeer.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Several little <i>flirts</i> and vibrations.</blockquote> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>With many a <i>flirt</i> and flutter.</blockquote> <i>E. A. Poe.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> [Cf. LG. <i>flirtje</i>, G. <i>flirtchen</i>. See <u>Flirt</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>] <def>One who flirts; esp., a woman who acts with giddiness, or plays at courtship; a coquette; a pert girl.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Several young <i>flirts</i> about town had a design to cast us out of the fashionable world.</blockquote> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flirt</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pert; wanton.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Flir*ta"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Playing at courtship; coquetry.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>flirtations</i> and jealousies of our ball rooms.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flirt"-gill`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A woman of light behavior; a gill-flirt.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>You heard him take me up like a <i>flirt- gill</i>.</blockquote> <i>Beau. & Fl.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flirt"i*gig</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A wanton, pert girl.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Flirt"ing*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a flirting manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flisk</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To frisk; to skip; to caper.</def> [Obs. Scot.] "The <i>flisking</i> flies." <i>Gosson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flisk</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A caper; a spring; a whim.</def> [Scot.]</p>

<p><hw>Flit</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Flitted</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Flitting</u> (?).] [OE. <i>flitten</i>, <i>flutten</i>, to carry away; cf. Icel. <i>flytja</i>, Sw. <i>flytta</i>, Dan. <i>flytte</i>. &radic;84. Cf. <u>Fleet</u>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To move with celerity through the air; to fly away with a rapid motion; to dart along; to fleet; as, a bird <i>flits</i> away; a cloud <i>flits</i> along.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A shadow <i>flits</i> before me.</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To flutter; to rove on the wing.</def> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To pass rapidly, as a light substance, from one place to another; to remove; to migrate.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>It became a received opinion, that the souls of men, departing this life, did <i>flit</i> out of one body into some other.</blockquote> <i>Hooker.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To remove from one place or habitation to another.</def> [Scot. & Prov. Eng.] <i>Wright. Jamieson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>To be unstable; to be easily or often moved.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>And the free soul to <i>flitting</i> air resigned.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flit</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Nimble; quick; swift. [Obs.] See <u>Fleet</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flitch</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Flitches</b></plw> (#). [OE. <i>flicche</i>, <i>flikke</i>, AS. <i>flicce</i>, akin to Icel. <i>flikki</i>; cf. Icel. <i>fl&imacr;k</i> flap, tatter; perh. akin to E. <i>fleck</i>. Cf. <u>Flick</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The side of a hog salted and cured; a side of bacon.</def> <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>One of several planks, smaller timbers, or iron plates, which are secured together, side by side, to make a large girder or built beam.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>The outside piece of a sawed log; a slab.</def> [Eng.]</p>

<p><hw>Flite</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [AS. <i>fl&imacr;tan</i> to strive, contend, quarrel; akin to G. <i>fleiss</i> industry.] <def>To scold; to quarrel.</def> [Prov. Eng.] <i>Grose.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flit"ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To flutter.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flit"ter</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To flutter; to move quickly; as, to <i>flitter</i> the cards.</def> [R.] <i>Lowell.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flit"ter</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. G. <i>flitter</i> spangle, tinsel, <i>flittern</i> to make a tremulous motion, to glitter. Cf. <u>Flitter</u>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos>] <def>A rag; a tatter; a small piece or fragment.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flit"ter*mouse`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Flitter</i>, v.i. + <i>mouse</i>; cf. G. <i>fledermaus</i>, OHG. <i>fledarm&umacr;s</i>. Cf. <u>Flickermouse</u>, <u>Flindermouse</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A bat; — called also <i>flickermouse</i>, <i>flindermouse</i>, and <i>flintymouse</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flit"tern</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>A term applied to the bark obtained from young oak trees.</def> <i>McElrath.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flit"ti*ness</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From <u>Flitty</u>.] <def>Unsteadiness; levity; lightness.</def> [Obs.] <i>Bp. Hopkins.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flit"ting</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A flying with lightness and celerity; a fluttering.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A removal from one habitation to another.</def> [Scot. & Prov. Eng.]</p>

<p><blockquote>A neighbor had lent his cart for the <i>flitting</i>, and it was now standing loaded at the door, ready to move away.</blockquote> <i>Jeffrey.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flit"ting*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a flitting manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flit"ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [From <u>Flit</u>.] <def>Unstable; fluttering.</def> [Obs.] <i>Dr. H. More.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flix</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. <u>Flax</u>.] <def>Down; fur.</def> [Obs. or Eng.] <i>J. Dyer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flix</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The flux; dysentery.</def> [Obs.] <i>Udall.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Flix weed</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>the <i>Sisymbrium Sophia</i>, a kind of hedge mustard, formerly used as a remedy for dysentery.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Flo</hw> (fl&omacr;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Flon</b></plw> (fl&omacr;n). [AS. <i>fl&amacr;</i>, <i>fl&amacr;n</i>.] <def>An arrow.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Float</hw> (fl&omacr;t), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>[OE. <i>flote</i> ship, boat, fleet, AS. <i>flota</i> ship, fr. <i>fle&oacute;tan</i> to float; akin to D. <i>vloot</i> fleet, G. <i>floss</i> raft, Icel. <i>floti</i> float, raft, fleet, Sw. <i>flotta</i>. &radic; 84. See <u>Fleet</u>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos>, and cf. <u>Flotilla</u>, <u>Flotsam</u>, <u>Plover</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Anything which floats or rests on the surface of a fluid, as to sustain weight, or to indicate the height of the surface, or mark the place of, something.</def> Specifically: <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A mass of timber or boards fastened together, and conveyed down a stream by the current; a raft.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The hollow, metallic ball of a self-acting faucet, which floats upon the water in a cistern or boiler.</def> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <def>The cork or quill used in angling, to support the bait line, and indicate the bite of a fish.</def> <sd><i>(d)</i></sd> <def>Anything used to buoy up whatever is liable to sink; an inflated bag or pillow used by persons learning to swim; a life preserver.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>This reform bill . . . had been used as a <i>float</i> by the conservative ministry.</blockquote> <i>J. P. Peters.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A float board. See <i>Float board</i> (below).</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Tempering)</i> <def>A contrivance for affording a copious stream of water to the heated surface of an object of large bulk, as an anvil or die.</def> <i>Knight.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>The act of flowing; flux; flow.</def> [Obs.] <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>A quantity of earth, eighteen feet square and one foot deep.</def> [Obs.] <i>Mortimer.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <i>(Plastering)</i> <def>The trowel or tool with which the floated coat of plastering is leveled and smoothed.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <def>A polishing block used in marble working; a runner.</def> <i>Knight.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>8.</b></sn> <def>A single-cut file for smoothing; a tool used by shoemakers for rasping off pegs inside a shoe.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>9.</b></sn> <def>A coal cart.</def> [Eng.] <i>Simmonds.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>10.</b></sn> <def>The sea; a wave. See <u>Flote</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></def></p>

<p><col><b>Float board</b></col>, <cd>one of the boards fixed radially to the rim of an undershot water wheel or of a steamer's paddle wheel; — a vane.</cd> — <col><b>Float case</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>a caisson used for lifting a ship.</cd> — <col><b>Float</b></col> <col><b>copper or gold</b></col> <i>(Mining)</i>, <cd>fine particles of metallic copper or of gold suspended in water, and thus liable to be lost.</cd> — <col><b>Float ore</b></col>, <cd>water-worn particles of ore; fragments of vein material found on the surface, away from the vein outcrop.</cd> <i>Raymond.</i> — <col><b>Float stone</b></col> <i>(Arch.)</i>, <cd>a siliceous stone used to rub stonework or brickwork to a smooth surface.</cd> — <col><b>Float valve</b></col>, <cd>a valve or cock acted upon by a float. See <u>Float</u>, 1 <sd><i>(b)</i></sd>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Float</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Floated</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Floating</u>.] [OE. <i>flotien</i>, <i>flotten</i>, AS. <i>flotian</i> to float, swim, fr. <i>fle&oacute;tan</i>. See <u>Float</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To rest on the surface of any fluid; to swim; to be buoyed up.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The ark no more now <i>floats</i>, but seems on ground.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Three blustering nights, borne by the southern blast,<BR> I <i>floated</i>.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To move quietly or gently on the water, as a raft; to drift along; to move or glide without effort or impulse on the surface of a fluid, or through the air.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>They stretch their broad plumes and <i>float</i> upon the wind.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>There seems a <i>floating</i> whisper on the hills.</blockquote> <i>Byron.</i></p>

<p><hw>Float</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To cause to float; to cause to rest or move on the surface of a fluid; as, the tide <i>floated</i> the ship into the harbor.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Had <i>floated</i> that bell on the Inchcape rock.</blockquote> <i>Southey.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To flood; to overflow; to cover with water.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Proud Pactolus <i>floats</i> the fruitful lands.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Plastering)</i> <def>To pass over and level the surface of with a float while the plastering is kept wet.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To support and sustain the credit of, as a commercial scheme or a joint-stock company, so as to enable it to go into, or continue in, operation.</def></p>

<p><hw>Float"a*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>That may be floated.</def></p>

<p><hw>Float"age</hw> (?; 48), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Flotage</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Float*a"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Flotation</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Float"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who floats or swims.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A float for indicating the height of a liquid surface.</def></p>

<p><hw>Float"ing</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Buoyed upon or in a fluid; a, the <i>floating</i> timbers of a wreck; <i>floating</i> motes in the air.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Free or lose from the usual attachment; as, the <i>floating</i> ribs in man and some other animals.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Not funded; not fixed, invested, or determined; as, <i>floating</i> capital; a <i>floating</i> debt.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Trade was at an end. <i>Floating</i> capital had been withdrawn in great masses from the island.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Floating anchor</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>a drag or sea anchor; drag sail.</cd> — <col><b>Floating battery</b></col> <i>(Mil.)</i>, <cd>a battery erected on rafts or the hulls of ships, chiefly for the defense of a coast or the bombardment of a place.</cd> — <col><b>Floating bridge</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>A bridge consisting of rafts or timber, with a floor of plank, supported wholly by the water; a bateau bridge.</cd> See <u>Bateau</u>. <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <i>(Mil.)</i> <cd>A kind of double bridge, the upper one projecting beyond the lower one, and capable of being moved forward by pulleys; — used for carrying troops over narrow moats in attacking the outworks of a fort.</cd> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <cd>A kind of ferryboat which is guided and impelled by means of chains which are anchored on each side of a stream, and pass over wheels on the vessel, the wheels being driven by stream power.</cd> <sd><i>(d)</i></sd> <cd>The landing platform of a ferry dock.</cd> — <col><b>Floating cartilage</b></col> <i>(Med.)</i>, <cd>a cartilage which moves freely in the cavity of a joint, and often interferes with the functions of the latter.</cd> — <col><b>Floating dam</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>An anchored dam.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>A caisson used as a gate for a dry dock.</cd> — <col><b>Floating derrick</b></col>, <cd>a derrick on a float for river and harbor use, in raising vessels, moving stone for harbor improvements, etc.</cd> — <col><b>Floating dock</b></col>. <i>(Naut.)</i> <cd>See under <u>Dock</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Floating harbor</b></col>, <cd>a breakwater of cages or booms, anchored and fastened together, and used as a protection to ships riding at anchor to leeward.</cd> <i>Knight.</i> — <col><b>Floating heart</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>a small aquatic plant (<i>Limnanthemum lacunosum</i>) whose heart-shaped leaves float on the water of American ponds.</cd> — <col><b>Floating island</b></col>, <cd>a dish for dessert, consisting of custard with floating masses of whipped cream or white of eggs.</cd> — <col><b>Floating kidney</b></col>. <i>(Med.)</i> <cd>See <i>Wandering kidney</i>, under <u>Wandering</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Floating light</b></col>, <cd>a light shown at the masthead of a vessel moored over sunken rocks, shoals, etc., to warn mariners of danger; a light-ship; also, a light erected on a buoy or floating stage.</cd> — <col><b>Floating liver</b></col>. <i>(Med.)</i> <cd>See <i>Wandering liver</i>, under <u>Wandering</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Floating pier</b></col>, <cd>a landing stage or pier which rises and falls with the tide.</cd> — <col><b>Floating ribs</b></col> <i>(Anat.)</i>, <cd>the lower or posterior ribs which are not connected with the others in front; in man they are the last two pairs.</cd> — <col><b>Floating screed</b></col> <i>(Plastering)</i>, <cd>a strip of plastering first laid on, to serve as a guide for the thickness of the coat.</cd> — <col><b>Floating threads</b></col> <i>(Weaving)</i>, <cd>threads which span several other threads without being interwoven with them, in a woven fabric.</cd></p>

<p><! p. 572 !></p>

<p><hw>Float"ing</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Weaving)</i> <def>Floating threads. See <i>Floating threads</i>, above.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The second coat of three-coat plastering.</def> <i>Knight.</i></p>

<p><hw>Float"ing*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a floating manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Float"y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Swimming on the surface; buoyant; light.</def> <i>Sir W. Raleigh.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flo"bert</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Gun.)</i> <def>A small cartridge designed for target shooting; — sometimes called <i>ball cap</i>.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Flobert rifle</b></col>, <cd>a rifle adapted to the use of floberts.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Floc`cil*la"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>floccus</i> a flock of wool. Cf. <u>Flock</u> of wool.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>A delirious picking of bedclothes by a sick person, as if to pick off flocks of wool; carphology; — an alarming symptom in acute diseases.</def> <i>Dunglison.</i></p>

<p><hw>Floc*cose"</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>floccosus</i>. Cf. 2d <u>Flock</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Spotted with small tufts like wool.</def> <i>Wright.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Having tufts of soft hairs, which are often deciduous.</def></p>

<p><hw>Floc"cu*lar</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to the flocculus.</def></p>

<p><hw>Floc"cu*late</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Flocculated</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Flocculating</u>.] <i>(Geol.)</i> <def>To aggregate into small lumps.</def></p>

<p><hw>Floc"cu*late</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Furnished with tufts of curly hairs, as some insects.</def></p>

<p><hw>Floc`cu*la"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Geol.)</i> <def>The process by which small particles of fine soils and sediments aggregate into larger lumps.</def></p>

<p><hw>Floc"cu*lence</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The state of being flocculent.</def></p>

<p><hw>Floc"cu*lent</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See <u>Flock</u> of wool.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Clothed with small flocks or flakes; woolly.</def> <i>Gray.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Applied to the down of newly hatched or unfledged birds.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Floc"cu*lus</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Flocculi</b></plw> (#). [NL., dim. of L. <i>floccus</i> a lock or flock of wool.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>A small lobe in the under surface of the cerebellum, near the middle peduncle; the subpeduncular lobe.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Floc"cus</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Flocci</b></plw> (#). [L., a flock of wool.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The tuft of hair terminating the tail of mammals.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A tuft of feathers on the head of young birds.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A woolly filament sometimes occuring with the sporules of certain fungi.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flock</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>flocc</i> flock, company; akin to Icel. <i>flokkr</i> crowd, Sw. <i>flock</i>, Dan. <i>flok</i>; prob. orig. used of flows, and akin to E. <i>fly</i>. See <u>Fly</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A company or collection of living creatures; — especially applied to sheep and birds, rarely to persons or (except in the plural) to cattle and other large animals; as, a <i>flock</i> of ravenous fowl.</def> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The heathen . . . came to Nicanor by <i>flocks</i>.</blockquote> <i>2 Macc. xiv. 14.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A Christian church or congregation; considered in their relation to the pastor, or minister in charge.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>As half amazed, half frighted all his <i>flock</i>.</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flock</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Flocked</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Flocking</u>.] <def>To gather in companies or crowds.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Friends daily <i>flock</i>.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Flocking fowl</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the greater scaup duck.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Flock</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To flock to; to crowd.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Good fellows, trooping, <i>flocked</i> me so.</blockquote> <i>Taylor (1609).</i></p>

<p><hw>Flock</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>flokke</i>; cf. D. <i>vlok</i>, G. <i>flocke</i>, OHG. <i>floccho</i>, Icel. <i>fl&omacr;ki</i>, perh. akin to E. <i>flicker</i>, <i>flacker</i>, or cf. L. <i>floccus</i>, F. <i>floc</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A lock of wool or hair.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I prythee, Tom, beat Cut's saddle, put a few <i>flocks</i> in the point [pommel].</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Woolen or cotton refuse (<pos><i>sing. or pl.</i></pos>), old rags, etc., reduced to a degree of fineness by machinery, and used for stuffing unpholstered furniture.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Very fine, sifted, woolen refuse, especially that from shearing the nap of cloths, used as a coating for wall paper to give it a velvety or clothlike appearance; also, the dust of vegetable fiber used for a similar purpose.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Flock bed</b></col>, <cd>a bed filled with flocks or locks of coarse wool, or pieces of cloth cut up fine.</cd> "Once a <i>flock bed</i>, but repaired with straw." <i>Pope.</i> — <col><b>Flock paper</b></col>, <cd>paper coated with flock fixed with glue or size.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Flock</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To coat with flock, as wall paper; to roughen the surface of (as glass) so as to give an appearance of being covered with fine flock.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flock"ling</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A lamb.</def> [Obs.] <i>Brome (1659).</i></p>

<p><hw>Flock"ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In flocks; in crowds.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Flock"mel</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> [AS. <i>flocm&?;lum</i>. See <u>Meal</u> part.] <def>In a flock; in a body.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>That <i>flockmel</i> on a day they to him went.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flock"y</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Abounding with flocks; floccose.</def></p>

<p><hw>Floe</hw> (fl&omacr;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. Dan. <i>flag</i> af iis, iis<i>flage</i>, Sw. <i>flaga</i>, <i>flake</i>, is<i>flaga</i>, is<i>flake</i>. See <u>Flag</u> a flat stone.] <def>A low, flat mass of floating ice.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Floe rat</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a seal (<i>Phoca f&oelig;tida</i>).</cd></p>

<p><hw>Flog</hw> (fl&obreve;g), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Flogged</u> (fl&obreve;gd); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Flogging</u> (-g&ibreve;ng).] [Cf. Scot. <i>fleg</i> blow, stroke, kick, AS. <i>flocan</i> to strike, or perh. fr. L. <i>flagellare</i> to whip. Cf. <u>Flagellate</u>.] <def>To beat or strike with a rod or whip; to whip; to lash; to chastise with repeated blows.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flog"ger</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who flogs.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A kind of mallet for beating the bung stave of a cask to start the bung.</def> <i>Knight.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flog"ging</hw> (?), <pos><i>a. & n.</i></pos> <def>from <u>Flog</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos></def></p>

<p><col><b>Flogging chisel</b></col> <i>(Mach.)</i>, <cd>a large cold chisel, used in chipping castings.</cd> — <col><b>Flogging hammer</b></col>, <cd>a small sledge hammer used for striking a flogging chisel.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Flon</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Flo</u>.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flong</hw> (? or ?), obs. <def><pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> of <u>Fling</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flood</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>flod</i> a flowing, stream, flood, AS. <i>fl&omacr;d</i>; akin to D. <i>vloed</i>, OS. <i>fl&omacr;d</i>, OHG. <i>fluot</i>, G. <i>flut</i>, Icel. <i>fl&omacr;&eth;</i>, Sw. & Dan. <i>flod</i>, Goth. <i>fl&omacr;dus</i>; from the root of E. <i>flow</i>. &radic;80. See <u>Flow</u>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A great flow of water; a body of moving water; the flowing stream, as of a river; especially, a body of water, rising, swelling, and overflowing land not usually thus covered; a deluge; a freshet; an inundation.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A covenant never to destroy<BR> The earth again by <i>flood</i>.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The flowing in of the tide; the semidiurnal swell or rise of water in the ocean; — opposed to <i>ebb</i>; as, young <i>flood</i>; high <i>flood</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>There is a tide in the affairs of men,<BR> Which, taken at the <i>flood</i>, leads on to fortune.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A great flow or stream of any fluid substance; as, a <i>flood</i> of light; a <i>flood</i> of lava; hence, a great quantity widely diffused; an overflowing; a superabundance; as, a <i>flood</i> of bank notes; a <i>flood</i> of paper currency.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Menstrual disharge; menses.</def> <i>Harvey.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Flood anchor</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i> <cd>, the anchor by which a ship is held while the tide is rising.</cd> — <col><b>Flood fence</b></col>, <cd>a fence so secured that it will not be swept away by a flood.</cd> — <col><b>Flood gate</b></col>, <cd>a gate for shutting out, admitting, or releasing, a body of water; a tide gate.</cd> — <col><b>Flood mark</b></col>, <cd>the mark or line to which the tide, or a flood, rises; high-water mark.</cd> — <col><b>Flood tide</b></col>, <cd>the rising tide; — opposed to <i>ebb tide</i>.</cd> — <col><b>The Flood</b></col>, <cd>the deluge in the days of Noah.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Flood</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Flooded</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Flooding</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To overflow; to inundate; to deluge; as, the swollen river <i>flooded</i> the valley.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To cause or permit to be inundated; to fill or cover with water or other fluid; as, to <i>flood</i> arable land for irrigation; to fill to excess or to its full capacity; as, to <i>flood</i> a country with a depreciated currency.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flood"age</hw> (?; 48), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Inundation.</def> [R.] <i>Carlyle.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flood"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who floods anything.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flood"ing</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The filling or covering with water or other fluid; overflow; inundation; the filling anything to excess.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>An abnormal or excessive discharge of blood from the uterus.</def> <i>Dunglison.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flook</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A fluke of an anchor.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Flook"an</hw> (?), <hw>Flu"kan</hw> (?) }, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Mining)</i> <def>See <u>Flucan</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flook"y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Fluky.</def></p>

<p><hw>Floor</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>fl&?;r</i>; akin to D. <i>vloer</i>, G. <i>flur</i> field, floor, entrance hall, Icel. <i>fl&?;r</i> floor of a cow stall, cf. Ir. & Gael. <i>lar</i> floor, ground, earth, W. <i>llawr</i>, perh. akin to L. <i>planus</i> level. Cf. <u>Plain</u> smooth.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The bottom or lower part of any room; the part upon which we stand and upon which the movables in the room are supported.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The structure formed of beams, girders, etc., with proper covering, which divides a building horizontally into stories. <i>Floor</i> in sense 1 is, then, the upper surface of <i>floor</i> in sense 2.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>The surface, or the platform, of a structure on which we walk or travel; as, the <i>floor</i> of a bridge.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>A story of a building. See <u>Story</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <i>(Legislative Assemblies)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The part of the house assigned to the members.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The right to speak.</def> [U.S.]</p>

<p>&fist; Instead of <i>he has the floor</i>, the English say, <i>he is in possession of the house</i>.</p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>That part of the bottom of a vessel on each side of the keelson which is most nearly horizontal.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <i>(Mining)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The rock underlying a stratified or nearly horizontal deposit.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A horizontal, flat ore body.</def> <i>Raymond.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Floor cloth</b></col>, <cd>a heavy fabric, painted, varnished, or saturated, with waterproof material, for covering floors; oilcloth.</cd> — <col><b>Floor cramp</b></col>, <cd>an implement for tightening the seams of floor boards before nailing them in position.</cd> — <col><b>Floor light</b></col>, <cd>a frame with glass panes in a floor.</cd> — <col><b>Floor plan</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <i>(Shipbuilding)</i> <cd>A longitudinal section, showing a ship as divided at the water line.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <i>(Arch.)</i> <cd>A horizontal section, showing the thickness of the walls and partitions, arrangement of passages, apartments, and openings at the level of any floor of a house.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Floor</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Floored</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Flooring</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To cover with a floor; to furnish with a floor; as, to <i>floor</i> a house with pine boards.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To strike down or lay level with the floor; to knock down; hence, to silence by a conclusive answer or retort; as, to <i>floor</i> an opponent.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Floored</i> or crushed by him.</blockquote> <i>Coleridge.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To finish or make an end of; as, to <i>floor</i> a college examination.</def> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><blockquote>I've <i>floored</i> my little-go work.</blockquote> <i>T. Hughes.</i></p>

<p><hw>Floor"age</hw> (?; 48), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Floor space.</def></p>

<p><hw>Floor"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Anything that floors or upsets a person, as a blow that knocks him down; a conclusive answer or retort; a task that exceeds one's abilities.</def> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><hw>Floor"heads`</hw>, <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>The upper extermities of the floor of a vessel.</def></p>

<p><hw>Floor"ing</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A platform; the bottom of a room; a floor; pavement. See <u>Floor</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></def> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Material for the construction of a floor or floors.</def></p>

<p><hw>Floor"less</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having no floor.</def></p>

<p><hw>Floor"walk`er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who walks about in a large retail store as an overseer and director.</def> [U.S.]</p>

<p><hw>Flop</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Flopped</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Flopping</u>.] [A variant of <i>flap</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To clap or strike, as a bird its wings, a fish its tail, etc.; to flap.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To turn suddenly, as something broad and flat.</def> [Colloq.] <i>Fielding.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flop</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To strike about with something broad and flat, as a fish with its tail, or a bird with its wings; to rise and fall; as, the brim of a hat <i>flops</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To fall, sink, or throw one's self, heavily, clumsily, and unexpectedly on the ground.</def> [Colloq.] <i>Dickens.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flop</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Act of flopping.</def> [Colloq.] <i>W. H. Russell.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flop"py</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Having a tendency to flop or flap; as, a <i>floppy</i> hat brim.</def> <i>G. Eliot.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flop"wing`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The lapwing.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flo"ra</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., the goddess of flowers, from <i>flos</i>, <i>floris</i>, flower. See <u>Flower</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Rom. Myth.)</i> <def>The goddess of flowers and spring.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The complete system of vegetable species growing without cultivation in a given locality, region, or period; a list or description of, or treatise on, such plants.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flo"ral</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>Floralis</i> belonging to <i>Flora</i>: cf. F. <i>floral</i>. See <u>Flora</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Pertaining to Flora, or to flowers; made of flowers; as, <i>floral</i> games, wreaths.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Containing, or belonging to, a flower; as, a <i>floral</i> bud; a <i>floral</i> leaf; <i>floral</i> characters.</def> <i>Martyn.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Floral envelope</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>the calyx and corolla, one or the other of which (mostly the corolla) may be wanting.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Flo"ral*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a floral manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flo"ra*mour</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>[L. <i>flos</i>, <i>floris</i>, flower + <i>amor</i>love.] <def>The plant love-lies- bleeding.</def> [Obs.] <i>Prior.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flo"ran</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Mining)</i> <def>Tin ore scarcely perceptible in the stone; tin ore stamped very fine.</def> <i>Pryce.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Flo`r&eacute;al"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>flor&eacute;al</i>, fr. L. <i>flos</i>, <i>floris</i>, flower.] <def>The eight month of the French republican calendar. It began April 20, and ended May 19. See <u>Vend&eacute;miare</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flor"en</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [LL. <i>florenus</i>. See <u>Florin</u>.] <def>A cerain gold coin; a Florence.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flor"ence</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From the city of <i>Florence</i>: cf. F. <i>florence</i> a kind of cloth, OF. <i>florin</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>An ancient gold coin of the time of Edward III., of six shillings sterling value.</def> <i>Camden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A kind of cloth.</def> <i>Johnson.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Florence flask</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Flask</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Florence oil</b></col>, <cd>olive oil prepared in Florence.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Flor"en*tine</hw> (? or ?; 277), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>Florentinus</i>, fr. <i>Florentia</i> Florence: cf. F. <i>florentin</i>.] <def>Belonging or relating to Florence, in Italy.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Florentine mosaic</b></col>, <cd>a mosaic of hard or semiprecious stones, often so chosen and arranged that their natural colors represent leaves, flowers, and the like, inlaid in a background, usually of black or white marble.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Flor"en*tine</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A native or inhabitant of Florence, a city in Italy.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A kind of silk.</def> <i>Knight.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A kind of pudding or tart; a kind of meat pie.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Stealing custards, tarts, and <i>florentines</i>.</blockquote> <i>Beau. & Fl.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flo*res"cence</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Florescent</u>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A bursting into flower; a blossoming.</def> <i>Martyn.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flo*res"cent</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>florescens</i>, p. pr. of <i>florescere</i> begin to blossom, incho. fr. <i>florere</i> to blossom, fr. <i>flos</i>, <i>floris</i>, flower. See <u>Flower</u>.] <def>Expanding into flowers; blossoming.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flo"ret</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>florete</i>, F. <i>fleurette</i>, dim. of OF. <i>lor</i>, F. <i>fleur</i>. See <u>Flower</u>, and cf. <u>Floweret</u>, 3d <u>Ferret</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A little flower; one of the numerous little flowers which compose the head or anthodium in such flowers as the daisy, thistle, and dandelion.</def> <i>Gray.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> [F. <i>fleuret</i>.] <def>A foil; a blunt sword used in fencing.</def> [Obs.] <i>Cotgrave.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flo"ri*age</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>flos</i>, <i>floris</i>, flower.] <def>Bloom; blossom.</def> [Obs.] <i>J. Scott.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flo"ri*a`ted</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>Having floral ornaments; as, <i>floriated</i> capitals of Gothic pillars.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flo*ric"o*mous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>flos</i>, <i>floris</i>, flower + <i>coma</i> hair.] <def>Having the head adorned with flowers.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Flo`ri*cul"tur*al</hw> (? or ?; 135), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pertaining to the cultivation of flowering plants.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flo"ri*cul`ture</hw> (? or ?; 135, 277), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>flos</i>, <i>floris</i>, flower + <i>cultura</i> culture.] <def>The cultivation of flowering plants.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flo`ri*cul"tur*ist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One skilled in the cultivation of flowers; a florist.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flor"id</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>floridus</i>, fr. <i>flos</i>, <i>floris</i>, flower. See <u>Flower</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Covered with flowers; abounding in flowers; flowery.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Fruit from a pleasant and <i>florid</i> tree.</blockquote> <i>Jer. Taylor.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Bright in color; flushed with red; of a lively reddish color; as, a <i>florid</i> countenance.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Embellished with flowers of rhetoric; enriched to excess with figures; excessively ornate; as, a <i>florid</i> style; <i>florid</i> eloquence.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Mus.)</i> <def>Flowery; ornamental; running in rapid melodic figures, divisions, or passages, as in variations; full of fioriture or little ornamentations.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flor"i*da bean"</hw> (?). <i>(Bot.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The large, roundish, flattened seed of <i>Mucuna urens</i>. See under <u>Bean</u>.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>One of the very large seeds of the <i>Entada scandens</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Flo*rid"e*&aelig;</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., from L. <i>flos</i>, <i>floris</i>, a flower.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A subclass of alg&aelig; including all the red or purplish seaweeds; the Rhodosperme&aelig; of many authors; — so called from the rosy or florid color of most of the species.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flo*rid"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality of being florid; floridness.</def> <i>Floyer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flor"id*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a florid manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flor"id*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality of being florid.</def> <i>Boyle.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flo*rif"er*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>florifer</i>; <i>flos</i>, <i>floris</i>, flower + <i>ferre</i> to bear; cf. F. <i>florif&egrave;re</i>.] <def>Producing flowers.</def> <i>Blount.</i></p>

<p><! p. 573 !></p>

<p><hw>Flo`ri*fi*ca"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>flos</i>, <i>floris</i>, flower + <i>facere</i> to make.] <def>The act, process, or time of flowering; florescence.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flo"ri*form</hw> (? or ?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>flos</i>, <i>floris</i>, flower + <i>-form</i>: cf. F. <i>floriforme</i>.] <def>Having the form of a flower; flower- shaped.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flo"ri*ken</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>An Indian bustard (<i>Otis aurita</i>). The Bengal floriken is <i>Sypheotides Bengalensis</i>.</def> [Written also <i>florikan</i>, <i>florikin</i>, <i>florican</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Flo"ri*lege</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>florilegus</i> flower-culling; <i>flos</i>, <i>floris</i>, flower + <i>legere</i> to gather: cf. F. <i>floril&egrave;ge</i>.] <def>The act of gathering flowers.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flo"ri*mer</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>See <u>Floramour</u>.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Flor"in</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>florin</i>, It. <i>florino</i>, orig., a Florentine coin, with a lily on it, fr. <i>flore</i> a flower, fr. L. <i>flos</i>. See <u>Flower</u>, and cf. <u>Floren</u>.] <def>A silver coin of Florence, first struck in the twelfth century, and noted for its beauty. The name is given to different coins in different countries. The florin of England, first minted in 1849, is worth two shillings, or about 48 cents; the florin of the Netherlands, about 40 cents; of Austria, about 36 cents.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flo"rist</hw> (? or ?; 277), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>fleuriste</i>, <i>floriste</i>, fr. F. <i>fleur</i> flower. See <u>Flower</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A cultivator of, or dealer in, flowers.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>One who writes a flora, or an account of plants.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flo*roon"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>fleuron</i>. See <u>Flower</u>.] <def>A border worked with flowers.</def> <i>Wright.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flor"u*lent</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>florulentus</i>, fr. <i>flos</i>, <i>floris</i>, flower.] <def>Flowery; blossoming.</def> [Obs.] <i>Blount.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flos"cu*lar</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Flosculous.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flos`cu*la"ri*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From L. <i>flosculus</i> a floweret.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of a group of stalked rotifers, having ciliated tentacles around the lobed disk.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flos*cule</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>flosculus</i>, dim. of <i>flos</i> flower: cf. F. <i>floscule</i>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A floret.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flos"cu*lous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Consisting of many gamopetalous florets.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Flos`-fer"ri</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>[L., flower of iron.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>A variety of aragonite, occuring in delicate white coralloidal forms; — common in beds of iron ore.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flosh</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. G. <i>fl&ouml;sse</i> a trough in which tin ore is washed.] <i>(Metallurgy)</i> <def>A hopper-shaped box or &?;nortar in which ore is placed for the action of the stamps.</def> <i>Knight.</i></p>

<p><hw>Floss</hw> (?; 195), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [It. <i>floscio</i> flabby, soft, fr. L. <i>fluxus</i> flowing, loose, slack. See <u>Flux</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The slender styles of the pistillate flowers of maize; also called <i>silk</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Untwisted filaments of silk, used in embroidering.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Floss silk</b></col>, <cd>silk that has been twisted, and which retains its loose and downy character. It is much used in embroidery. Called also <i>floxed silk</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Floss thread</b></col>, <cd>a kind of soft flaxen yarn or thread, used for embroidery; — called also <i>linen floss</i>, and <i>floss yarn</i>.</cd> <i>McElrath.</i></p>

<p><hw>Floss</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. G. <i>floss</i> a float.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A small stream of water.</def> [Eng.]</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Fluid glass floating on iron in the puddling furnace, produced by the vitrification of oxides and earths which are present.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Floss hole</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>A hole at the back of a puddling furnace, at which the slags pass out.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>The tap hole of a melting furnace.</cd> <i>Knight.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flos`si*fi*ca"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. <u>Florification</u>.] <def>A flowering; florification.</def> [R.] <i>Craig.</i></p>

<p><hw>Floss"y</hw> (?; 115), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pertaining to, made of, or resembling, floss; hence, light; downy.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Flo"ta</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Sp. See <u>Flotilla</u>.] <def>A fleet; especially, a &?;eet of Spanish ships which formerly sailed every year from Cadiz to Vera Cruz, in Mexico, to transport to Spain the production of Spanish America.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flo"tage</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>flotage</i>, F. <i>flottage</i>, fr. <i>flotter</i> to float.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The state of floating.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>That which floats on the sea or in rivers.</def> [Written also <i>floatage</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Flo"tant</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [OF. <i>flotant</i>, F. <i>flottant</i>, p. pr. of <i>flotter</i> to float.] <i>(Her.)</i> <def>Represented as flying or streaming in the air; as, a banner <i>flotant</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flo*ta"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>flottation</i> a floating, <i>flottaison</i> water line, fr. <i>flotter</i> to float. See <u>Flotilla</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act, process, or state of floating.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The science of floating bodies.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Center of flotation</b></col>. <i>(Shipbuilding)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>The center of any given plane of flotation.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>More commonly, the middle of the length of the load water line.</cd> <i>Rankine.</i> — <col><b>Plane, or Line</b></col>, <col><b>of flotation</b></col>, <cd>the plane or line in which the horizontal surface of a fluid cuts a body floating in it. See <u>Bearing</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, 9 <sd><i>(c)</i></sd>.</cd> — <col><b>Surface of flotation</b></col> <i>(Shipbuilding)</i>, <cd>the imaginary surface which all the planes of flotation touch when a vessel rolls or pitches; the envelope of all such planes.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Flote</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To fleet; to skim.</def> [Obs.] <i>Tusser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flote</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>flot</i>, L. <i>fluctus</i>; also cf. <u>Float</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <def>A wave.</def> [Obs.] "The Mediterranean <i>flote</i>." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flot"er*y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Wavy; flowing.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>With <i>flotery</i> beard.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flo*til"la</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Sp. <i>flotilla</i>, dim. of <i>flota</i> fleet; akin to F. <i>flotte</i>, It. <i>flotta</i>, and F. <i>flot</i> wave, fr. L. <i>fluctus</i>, but prob. influenced by words akin to E. <i>float</i>. See <u>Fluctuate</u>, and cf. <u>Float</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <def>A little fleet, or a fleet of small vessels.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Flot"sam</hw> (?), <hw>Flot"son</hw> (?) }, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>flotter</i> to float. See <u>FFlotilla</u>, and cf. <u>Jetsam</u>.] <i>(Law)</i> <def>Goods lost by shipwreck, and floating on the sea; — in distinction from <i>jetsam</i> or <i>jetson</i>.</def> <i>Blackstone.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flot"ten</hw> (?), <pos><i>p. p.</i></pos> of <u>Flote</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>Skimmed.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Flounce</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Flounced</u> (flounst); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Flouncing</u> (?).] [Cf. OSw. <i>flunsa</i> to immerge.] <def>To throw the limbs and body one way and the other; to spring, turn, or twist with sudden effort or violence; to struggle, as a horse in mire; to flounder; to throw one's self with a jerk or spasm, often as in displeasure.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>To flutter and <i>flounce</i> will do nothing but batter and bruise us.</blockquote> <i>Barrow.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>With his broad fins and forky tail he laves<BR> The rising sirge, and <i>flounces</i> in the waves.</blockquote> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flounce</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The act of floucing; a sudden, jerking motion of the body.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flounce</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. G. <i>flaus</i>, <i>flausch</i>, a tuft of wool or hair; akin to <i>vliess</i>, E. <i>fleece</i>; or perh. corrupted fr. <i>rounce</i>.] <def>An ornamental appendage to the skirt of a woman's dress, consisting of a strip gathered and sewed on by its upper edge around the skirt, and left hanging.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flounce</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To deck with a flounce or flounces; as, to <i>flounce</i> a petticoat or a frock.</def></p>

<p><hw>Floun"der</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. Sw. <i>flundra</i>; akin to Dan. <i>flynder</i>, Icel. <i>fly&?;ra</i>, G. <i>flunder</i>, and perh. to E. <i>flounder</i>, v.i.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A flatfish of the family <i>Pleuronectid&aelig;</i>, of many species.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The common English flounder is <i>Pleuronectes flesus</i>. There are several common American species used as food; as the smooth flounder (<i>P. glabra</i>); the rough or winter flounder (<i>P. Americanus</i>); the summer flounder, or plaice (<i>Paralichthys dentatus</i>), Atlantic coast; and the starry flounder (<i>Pleuronectes stellatus</i>).</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Bootmaking)</i> <def>A tool used in crimping boot fronts.</def></p>

<p><hw>Floun"der</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Floundered</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Floundering</u>.] [Cf. D. <i>flodderen</i> to flap, splash through mire, E. <i>flounce</i>, v.i., and <i>flounder</i> the fish.] <def>To fling the limbs and body, as in making efforts to move; to struggle, as a horse in the mire, or as a fish on land; to roll, toss, and tumble; to flounce.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>They have <i>floundered</i> on from blunder to blunder.</blockquote> <i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Floun"der</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The act of floundering.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flour</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>fleur de farine</i> the flower (<i>i.e.</i>, the best) of meal, cf. Sp. <i>flor de la harina</i> superfine flour, Icel. <i>fl&uuml;r</i> flower, flour. See <u>Flower</u>.] <def>The finely ground meal of wheat, or of any other grain; especially, the finer part of meal separated by bolting; hence, the fine and soft powder of any substance; as, <i>flour</i> of emery; <i>flour</i> of mustard.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Flour bolt</b></col>, <cd>in milling, a gauze-covered, revolving, cylindrical frame or reel, for sifting the flour from the refuse contained in the meal yielded by the stones.</cd> — <col><b>Flour box</b></col> <cd>a tin box for scattering flour; a dredging box.</cd> — <col><b>Flour</b></col> <col><b>dredge or dredger</b></col>, <cd>a flour box.</cd> — <col><b>Flour dresser</b></col>, <cd>a mashine for sorting and distributing flour according to grades of fineness.</cd> — <col><b>Flour mill</b></col>, <cd>a mill for grinding and sifting flour.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Flour</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Floured</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Flouring</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To grind and bolt; to convert into flour; as, to <i>flour</i> wheat.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To sprinkle with flour.</def></p>

<p><hw>Floured</hw> (?), <pos><i>p. a.</i></pos> <def>Finely granulated; — said of quicksilver which has been granulated by agitation during the amalgamation process.</def> <i>Raymond.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flour"ish</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Flourished</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Flourishing</u>.] [OE. <i>florisshen</i>, <i>flurisshen</i>, OF. <i>flurir</i>, F. <i>fleurir</i>, fr. L. <i>florere</i> to bloom, fr. <i>flos</i>, <i>floris</i>, flower. See <u>Flower</u>, and <u>- ish</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To grow luxuriantly; to increase and enlarge, as a healthy growing plant; a thrive.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A tree thrives and <i>flourishes</i> in a kindly . . . soil.</blockquote> <i>Bp. Horne.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To be prosperous; to increase in wealth, honor, comfort, happiness, or whatever is desirable; to thrive; to be prominent and influental; specifically, of authors, painters, etc., to be in a state of activity or production.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>When all the workers of iniquity do <i>flourish</i>.</blockquote> <i>Ps. xcii 7</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Bad men as frequently prosper and <i>flourish</i>, and that by the means of their wickedness.</blockquote> <i>Nelson.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>We say<BR> Of those that held their heads above the crowd,<BR> They <i>flourished</i> then or then.</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To use florid language; to indulge in rhetorical figures and lofty expressions; to be flowery.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>They dilate . . . and <i>flourish</i> long on little incidents.</blockquote> <i>J. Watts.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To make bold and sweeping, fanciful, or wanton movements, by way of ornament, parade, bravado, etc.; to play with fantastic and irregular motion.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Impetuous spread<BR> The stream, and smoking <i>flourished</i> o'er his head.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>To make ornamental strokes with the pen; to write graceful, decorative figures.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>To execute an irregular or fanciful strain of music, by way of ornament or prelude.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Why do the emperor's trumpets <i>flourish</i> thus?</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <def>To boast; to vaunt; to brag.</def> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flour"ish</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To adorn with flowers orbeautiful figures, either natural or artificial; to ornament with anything showy; to embellish.</def> [Obs.] <i>Fenton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To embellish with the flowers of diction; to adorn with rhetorical figures; to grace with ostentatious eloquence; to set off with a parade of words.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Sith that the justice of your title to him<BR> Doth <i>flourish</i> the deceit.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To move in bold or irregular figures; to swing about in circles or vibrations by way of show or triumph; to brandish.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>And <i>flourishes</i> his blade in spite of me.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To develop; to make thrive; to expand.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Bottoms of thread . . . which with a good needle, perhaps may be <i>flourished</i> into large works.</blockquote> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flour"ish</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Flourishes</b></plw> (&?;). <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A flourishing condition; prosperity; vigor.</def> [Archaic]</p>

<p><blockquote>The Roman monarchy, in her highest <i>flourish</i>, never had the like.</blockquote> <i>Howell.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Decoration; ornament; beauty.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>flourish</i> of his sober youth<BR> Was the pride of naked truth.</blockquote> <i>Crashaw.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Something made or performed in a fanciful, wanton, or vaunting manner, by way of ostentation, to excite admiration, etc.; ostentatious embellishment; ambitious copiousness or amplification; parade of words and figures; show; as, a <i>flourish</i> of rhetoric or of wit.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He lards with <i>flourishes</i> his long harangue.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>A fanciful stroke of the pen or graver; a merely decorative figure.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The neat characters and <i>flourishes</i> of a Bible curiously printed.</blockquote> <i>Boyle.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>A fantastic or decorative musical passage; a strain of triumph or bravado, not forming part of a regular musical composition; a cal; a fanfare.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A <i>flourish</i>, trumpets! strike alarum, drums!</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>The waving of a weapon or other thing; a brandishing; as, the <i>flourish</i> of a sword.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flour"ish*er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who flourishes.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flour"ish*ing*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a flourishing manner; ostentatiously.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flour"y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or resembling flour; mealy; covered with flour.</def> <i>Dickens.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flout</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Flouted</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Flouting</u>.] [OD. <i>fluyten</i> to play the flute, to jeer, D. <i>fluiten</i>, fr. <i>fluit</i>, fr. French. See <u>Flute</u>.] <def>To mock or insult; to treat with contempt.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Phillida <i>flouts</i> me.</blockquote> <i>Walton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Three gaudy standards <i>flout</i> the pale blue sky.</blockquote> <i>Byron.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flout</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To practice mocking; to behave with contempt; to sneer; to fleer; — often with <i>at</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Fleer and gibe, and laugh and <i>flout</i>.</blockquote> <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flout</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A mock; an insult.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Who put your beauty to this <i>flout</i> and scorn.</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flout"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who flouts; a mocker.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flout"ing*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>With flouting; insultingly; as, to treat a lover <i>floutingly</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flow</hw> (fl&omacr;), obs. <def><pos><i>imp. sing.</i></pos> of <u>Fly</u>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos></def> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flow</hw> (fl&omacr;), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Flowed</u> (fl&omacr;d); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Flowing</u>.] [AS. <i>fl&omacr;wan</i>; akin to D. <i>vloeijen</i>, OHG. <i>flawen</i> to wash, Icel. <i>fl&omacr;a</i> to deluge, Gr. <grk>plw`ein</grk> to float, sail, and prob. ultimately to E. <i>float</i>, <i>fleet</i>. &radic;80. Cf. <u>Flood</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To move with a continual change of place among the particles or parts, as a fluid; to change place or circulate, as a liquid; as, rivers <i>flow</i> from springs and lakes; tears <i>flow</i> from the eyes.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To become liquid; to melt.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The mountains <i>flowed</i> down at thy presence.</blockquote> <i>Is. lxiv. 3.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To proceed; to issue forth; as, wealth <i>flows</i> from industry and economy.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Those thousand decencies that daily <i>flow</i><BR> From all her words and actions.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To glide along smoothly, without harshness or asperties; as, a <i>flowing</i> period; <i>flowing</i> numbers; to sound smoothly to the ear; to be uttered easily.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Virgil is sweet and <i>flowing</i>in his hexameters.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>To have or be in abundance; to abound; to full, so as to run or flow over; to be copious.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>In that day . . . the hills shall <i>flow</i> with milk.</blockquote> <i>Joel iii. 18.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The exhilaration of a night that needed not the influence of the <i>flowing</i> bowl.</blockquote> <i>Prof. Wilson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>To hang loose and waving; as, a <i>flowing</i> mantle; <i>flowing</i> locks.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The imperial purple <i>flowing</i> in his train.</blockquote> <i>A. Hamilton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <def>To rise, as the tide; — opposed to <i>ebb</i>; as, the tide <i>flows</i> twice in twenty-four hours.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The river hath thrice <i>flowed</i>, no ebb between.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>8.</b></sn> <def>To discharge blood in excess from the uterus.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flow</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To cover with water or other liquid; to overflow; to inundate; to flood.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To cover with varnish.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flow</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A stream of water or other fluid; a current; as, a <i>flow</i> of water; a <i>flow</i> of blood.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A continuous movement of something abundant; as, a <i>flow</i> of words.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Any gentle, gradual movement or procedure of thought, diction, music, or the like, resembling the quiet, steady movement of a river; a stream.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The feast of reason and the <i>flow</i> of soul.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>The tidal setting in of the water from the ocean to the shore. See <i>Ebb and flow</i>, under <u>Ebb</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>A low-lying piece of watery land; — called also <i>flow moss</i> and <i>flow bog</i>.</def> [Scot.] <i>Jamieson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flow"age</hw> (?; 48), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>An overflowing with water; also, the water which thus overflows.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flow"en</hw> (?), obs. <def><pos><i>imp. pl.</i></pos> of <u>Fly</u>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos></def> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flow"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>flour</i>, OF. <i>flour</i>, <i>flur</i>, <i>flor</i>, F. <i>fleur</i>, fr. L. <i>flos</i>, <i>floris</i>. Cf. <u>Blossom</u>, <u>Effloresce</u>, <u>Floret</u>, <u>Florid</u>, <u>Florin</u>, <u>Flour</u>, <u>Flourish</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>In the popular sense, the bloom or blossom of a plant; the showy portion, usually of a different color, shape, and texture from the foliage.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>That part of a plant destined to produce seed, and hence including one or both of the sexual organs; an organ or combination of the organs of reproduction, whether inclosed by a circle of foliar parts or not. A complete <i>flower</i> consists of two essential parts, the stamens and the pistil, and two floral envelopes, the corolla and callyx. In mosses the flowers consist of a few special leaves surrounding or subtending organs called archegonia. See <u>Blossom</u>, and <u>Corolla</u>.</def></p>

<p><! p. 574 !></p>

<p>&fist; If we examine a common flower, such for instance as a geranium, we shall find that it consists of: First, an outer envelope or <i>calyx</i>, sometimes tubular, sometimes consisting of separate leaves called <i>sepals</i>; secondly, an inner envelope or <i>corolla</i>, which is generally more or less colored, and which, like the calyx, is sometimes tubular, sometimes composed of separate leaves called <i>petals</i>; thirdly, one or more <i>stamens</i>, consisting of a stalk or <i>filament</i> and a head or <i>anther</i>, in which the <i>pollen</i> is produced; and fourthly, a <i>pistil</i>, which is situated in the center of the flower, and consists generally of three principal parts; one or more compartments at the base, each containing one or more seeds; the <i>stalk</i> or <i>style</i>; and the <i>stigma</i>, which in many familiar instances forms a small head, at the top of the style or ovary, and to which the pollen must find its way in order to fertilize the flower. <i>Sir J. Lubbock.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>The fairest, freshest, and choicest part of anything; as, the <i>flower</i> of an army, or of a family; the state or time of freshness and bloom; as, the <i>flower</i> of life, that is, youth.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The choice and <i>flower</i> of all things profitable the Psalms do more briefly contain.</blockquote> <i>Hooker.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>flower</i> of the chivalry of all Spain.</blockquote> <i>Southey.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>A simple maiden in her <i>flower</i><BR> Is worth a hundred coats of arms.</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Grain pulverized; meal; flour.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>flowers</i> of grains, mixed with water, will make a sort of glue.</blockquote> <i>Arbuthnot.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <i>pl.</i> <i>(Old Chem.)</i> <def>A substance in the form of a powder, especially when condensed from sublimation; as, the <i>flowers</i> of sulphur.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>A figure of speech; an ornament of style.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <i>pl.</i> <i>(Print.)</i> <def>Ornamental type used chiefly for borders around pages, cards, etc.</def> <i>W. Savage.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>8.</b></sn> <i>pl.</i> <def>Menstrual discharges.</def> <i>Lev. xv. 24.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Animal flower</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <cd>See under <u>Animal</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Cut flowers</b></col>, <cd>flowers cut from the stalk, as for making a bouquet.</cd> — <col><b>Flower bed</b></col>, <cd>a plat in a garden for the cultivation of flowers.</cd> — <col><b>Flower beetle</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>any beetle which feeds upon flowers, esp. any one of numerous small species of the genus <i>Meligethes</i>, family <i>Nitidulid&aelig;</i>, some of which are injurious to crops.</cd> - - <col><b>Flower bird</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>an Australian bird of the genus <i>Anthornis</i>, allied to the honey eaters.</cd> — <col><b>Flower bud</b></col>, <cd>an unopened flower.</cd> — <col><b>Flower clock</b></col>, <cd>an assemblage of flowers which open and close at different hours of the day, thus indicating the time.</cd> — <col><b>Flower head</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>a compound flower in which all the florets are sessile on their receptacle, as in the case of the daisy.</cd> — <col><b>Flower pecker</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>one of a family (<i>Dic&aelig;id&aelig;</i>) of small Indian and Australian birds. They resemble humming birds in habits.</cd> — <col><b>Flower piece</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>A table ornament made of cut flowers.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <i>(Fine Arts)</i> <cd>A picture of flowers.</cd> — <col><b>Flower stalk</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>the peduncle of a plant, or the stem that supports the flower or fructification.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Flow"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Flowered</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Flowering</u>.] [From the noun. Cf. <u>Flourish</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To blossom; to bloom; to expand the petals, as a plant; to produce flowers; as, this plant <i>flowers</i> in June.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To come into the finest or fairest condition.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Their lusty and <i>flowering</i> age.</blockquote> <i>Robynson (More's Utopia).</i></p>

<p><blockquote>When <i>flowered</i> my youthful spring.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To froth; to ferment gently, as new beer.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>That beer did <i>flower</i> a little.</blockquote> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To come off as flowers by sublimation.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Observations which have <i>flowered</i> off.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flow"er</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To embellish with flowers; to adorn with imitated flowers; as, <i>flowered</i> silk.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flow"er*age</hw> (?; 48), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>State of flowers; flowers, collectively or in general.</def> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flow"er-de-luce"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Corrupted fr. <i>fleur-de-lis</i>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A genus of perennial herbs (<i>Iris</i>) with swordlike leaves and large three-petaled flowers often of very gay colors, but probably white in the plant first chosen for the royal French emblem.</def></p>

<p>&fist; There are nearly one hundred species, natives of the north temperate zone. Some of the best known are <i>Iris Germanica</i>, <i>I. Florentina</i>, <i>I. Persica</i>, <i>I. sambucina</i>, and the American <i>I. versicolor</i>, <i>I. prismatica</i>, etc.</p>

<p><hw>Flow"er*er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A plant which flowers or blossoms.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Many hybrids are profuse and persistent <i>flowerers</i>.</blockquote> <i>Darwin.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flow"er*et</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A small flower; a floret.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flow"er-fence`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A tropical leguminous bush (<i>Poinciana, or C&aelig;salpinia, pulcherrima</i>) with prickly branches, and showy yellow or red flowers; — so named from its having been sometimes used for hedges in the West Indies.</def> <i>Baird.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flow"er*ful</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Abounding with flowers.</def> <i>Craig.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flow"er-gen`tle</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A species of amaranth (<i>Amarantus melancholicus</i>).</def></p>

<p><hw>Flow"er*i*ness</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The state of being flowery.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flow"er*ing</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Having conspicuous flowers; — used as an epithet with many names of plants; as, <i>flowering</i> ash; <i>flowering</i> dogwood; <i>flowering</i> almond, etc.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Flowering fern</b></col>, <cd>a genus of showy ferns (<i>Osmunda</i>), with conspicuous bivalvular sporangia. They usually grow in wet places.</cd> — <col><b>Flowering plants</b></col>, <cd>plants which have stamens and pistils, and produce true seeds; phenogamous plants; — distinguished from <i>flowerless plants</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Flowering rush</b></col>, <cd>a European rushlike plant (<i>Butomus umbellatus</i>), with an umbel of rosy blossoms.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Flow"er*ing</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of blossoming, or the season when plants blossom; florification.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The act of adorning with flowers.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flow"er*less</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having no flowers.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Flowerless plants</b></col>, <cd>plants which have no true flowers, and produce no seeds; cryptogamous plants.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Flow"er*less*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>State of being without flowers.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flow"er*pot`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A vessel, commonly or earthenware, for earth in which plants are grown.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flow"er*y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Full of flowers; abounding with blossoms.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Highly embellished with figurative language; florid; as, a <i>flowery</i> style.</def> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><col><b>The flowery kingdom</b></col>, <cd>China.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Flow"er*y-kir`tled</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Dressed with garlands of flowers.</def> [Poetic & Rare] <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flow"ing</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>That flows or for flowing (in various sense of the verb); gliding along smoothly; copious.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Flowing battery</b></col> <i>(Elec.)</i>, <cd>a battery which is kept constant by the flowing of the exciting liquid through the cell or cells.</cd> <i>Knight.</i> — <col><b>Flowing furnace</b></col>, <cd>a furnace from which molten metal, can be drawn, as through a tap hole; a foundry cupola.</cd> — <col><b>Flowing sheet</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>a sheet when eased off, or loosened to the wind, as when the wind is abaft the beam.</cd> <i>Totten.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flow"ing</hw> (?), <def><pos><i>a. & n.</i></pos> from <u>Flow</u>, <pos><i>v. i. & t.</i></pos></def></p>

<p><hw>Flow"ing*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a flowing manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flow"ing*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Flowing tendency or quality; fluency.</def> [R.] <i>W. Nichols.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flowk</hw> (? or ?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>See 1st <u>Fluke</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flown</hw> (?), <def><pos><i>p. p.</i></pos> of <u>Fly</u>; — often used with the auxiliary verb <i>to be</i>; as, the birds are <i>flown</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flown</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Flushed, inflated.</def> [Supposed by some to be a mistake for <i>blown</i> or <i>swoln</i>.] <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Then wander forth the sons<BR> Of Belial, <i>flown</i> with insolence and wine.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Floxed" silk`</hw> (?). <def>See <i>Floss silk</i>, under <u>Floss</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Floyte</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. & v.</i></pos> <def>A variant of <u>Flute</u>.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Flu"ate</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>fluate</i>. See <u>Fluor</u>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A fluoride.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Flu"a*vil</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Etymol. uncertain.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A hydrocarbon extracted from gutta-percha, as a yellow, resinous substance; — called also <i>fluanil</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flu"can</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Mining)</i> <def>Soft clayey matter in the vein, or surrounding it.</def> [Written also <i>flookan</i>, <i>flukan</i>, and <i>fluccan</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Fluc*tif"er*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>fluctus</i> wave + <i>-ferous</i>.] <def>Tending to produce waves.</def> <i>Blount.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fluc*tis"o*nous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>fluctisonus</i>; <i>fluctus</i> wave + <i>sonus</i> sound.] <def>Sounding like waves.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fluc`tu*a*bil"i*ty</hw> (?; 135), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The capacity or ability to fluctuate.</def> [R.] <i>H. Walpole.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fluc"tu*ant</hw> (?; 135), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>fluctuans</i>, p. pr. of <i>fluctuare</i>. See <u>Fluctuate</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Moving like a wave; wavering</def>; <i>(Med.)</i> <def>showing undulation or fluctuation; as, a <i>fluctuant</i> tumor.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Floating on the waves.</def> [Obs.] <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fluc"tu*ate</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Fluctuated</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Fluctuating</u> (?).] [L. <i>fluctuatus</i>, p. p. of <i>fluctuare</i>, to wave, fr. <i>fluctus</i> wave, fr. <i>fluere</i>, <i>fluctum</i>, to flow. See <u>Fluent</u>, and cf. <u>Flotilla</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To move as a wave; to roll hither and thither; to wave; to float backward and forward, as on waves; as, a <i>fluctuating</i> field of air.</def> <i>Blackmore.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To move now in one direction and now in another; to be wavering or unsteady; to be irresolute or undetermined; to vacillate.</def></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — To waver; vacillate; hesitate; scruple. — To <u>Fluctuate</u>, <u>Vacillate</u>, <u>Waver</u>. — <i>Fluctuate</i> is applied both to things and persons and denotes that they move as they are acted upon. The stocks <i>fluctuate</i>; a man <i>fluctuates</i> between conflicting influences. <i>Vacillate</i> and <i>waver</i> are applied to persons to represent them as acting themselves. A man <i>vacillates</i> when he goes backward and forward in his opinions and purposes, without any fixity of mind or principles. A man <i>wavers</i> when he shrinks back or hesitates at the approach of difficulty or danger. One who is <i>fluctuating</i> in his feelings is usually <i>vacillating</i> in resolve, and <i>wavering</i> in execution.</p>

<p><hw>Fluc"tu*ate</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To cause to move as a wave; to put in motion.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>And <i>fluctuate</i> all the still perfume.</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fluc`tu*a"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>fluctuatio</i>; cf. F. <i>fluctuation</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A motion like that of waves; a moving in this and that direction; as, the <i>fluctuations</i> of the sea.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A wavering; unsteadiness; as, <i>fluctuations</i> of opinion; <i>fluctuations</i> of prices.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>The motion or undulation of a fluid collected in a natural or artifical cavity, which is felt when it is subjected to pressure or percussion.</def> <i>Dunglison.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flue</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. OF. <i>flue</i> a flowing, fr. <i>fluer</i> to flow, fr. L. <i>fluere</i> (cf. <u>Fluent</u>); a perh. a corruption of E. <i>flute</i>.] <def>An inclosed passage way for establishing and directing a current of air, gases, etc.; an air passage</def>; esp.: <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A compartment or division of a chimney for conveying flame and smoke to the outer air.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A passage way for conducting a current of fresh, foul, or heated air from one place to another.</def> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <i>(Steam Boiler)</i> <def>A pipe or passage for conveying flame and hot gases through surrounding water in a boiler; — distinguished from a tube which holds water and is surrounded by fire. Small flues are called <i>fire tubes</i> or simply <i>tubes</i>.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Flue boiler</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Boiler</u>.</cd> - - <col><b>Flue bridge</b></col>, <cd>the separating low wall between the flues and the laboratory of a reverberatory furnace.</cd> — <col><b>Flue plate</b></col> <i>(Steam Boiler)</i>, <cd>a plate to which the ends of the flues are fastened; — called also <i>flue sheet</i>, <i>tube sheet</i>, and <i>tube plate</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Flue surface</b></col> <i>(Steam Boiler)</i>, <cd>the aggregate surface of flues exposed to flame or the hot gases.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Flue</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>flou</i> light, tender, G. <i>flau</i> weak, W. <i>llwch</i> dust. &radic;84.] <def>Light down, such as rises from cotton, fur, etc.; very fine lint or hair.</def> <i>Dickens.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flu"ence</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Fluency.</def> [Obs.] <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flu"en*cy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>fluentia</i>: cf. F. <i>fluence</i>. See <u>Fluent</u>.] <def>The quality of being fluent; smoothness; readiness of utterance; volubility.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The art of expressing with <i>fluency</i> and perspicuity.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flu"ent</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>fluens</i>, <i>- entis</i>, p. pr. of <i>fluere</i> to flow; cf. Gr. &?; to boil over. Cf. <u>Fluctuate</u>, <u>Flux</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Flowing or capable of flowing; liquid; glodding; easily moving.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Ready in the use of words; voluble; copious; having words at command; and uttering them with facility and smoothness; as, a <i>fluent</i> speaker; hence, flowing; voluble; smooth; — said of language; as, <i>fluent</i> speech.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>With most <i>fluent</i> utterance.</blockquote> <i>Denham.</i></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Fluent</i> as the flight of a swallow is the sultan's letter.</blockquote> <i>De Quincey.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flu"ent</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A current of water; a stream.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> [Cf. F. <i>fluente</i>.] <i>(Math.)</i> <def>A variable quantity, considered as increasing or diminishing; — called, in the modern calculus, the <i>function</i> or <i>integral</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flu"ent*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a fluent manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flu"ent*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality of being fluent.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flue"work`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Mus.)</i> <def>A general name for organ stops in which the sound is caused by wind passing through a flue or fissure and striking an edge above; — in distinction from <i>reedwork</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flue"y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [2d <u>Flue</u>.] <def>Downy; fluffy.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Fluff</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. 2d <u>Flue</u>. &radic;84.] <def>Nap or down; flue; soft, downy feathers.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fluff"y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<pos><i>Compar.</i></pos> <u>Fluffier</u> (?); <pos><i>superl.</i></pos> <u>Fluffiest</u>.] <def>Pertaining to, or resembling, fluff or nap; soft and downy.</def> "The carpets were <i>fluffy</i>." <i>Thackeray.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The present Barnacle . . . had a youthful aspect, and the <i>fluffiest</i> little whisker, perhaps, that ever was seen.</blockquote> <i>Dickens.</i></p>

<p>— <wf>Fluff"i*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>||Fl&uuml;"gel</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [G., a wing.] <i>(Mus.)</i> <def>A grand piano or a harpsichord, both being wing- shaped.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flu"gel*man</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [G. <i>fl&uuml;gelman</i>.] <i>(Mil.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Fugleman</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flu"id</hw> (fl&umacr;&ibreve;d), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>fluidus</i>, fr. <i>fluere</i> to flow: cf. F. <i>fluide</i>. See <u>Fluent</u>.] <def>Having particles which easily move and change their relative position without a separation of the mass, and which easily yield to pressure; capable of flowing; liquid or gaseous.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flu"id</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A fluid substance; a body whose particles move easily among themselves.</def></p>

<p>&fist; <i>Fluid</i> is a generic term, including liquids and gases as species. Water, air, and steam are <i>fluids</i>. By analogy, the term is sometimes applied to electricity and magnetism, as in phrases electric <i>fluid</i>, magnetic <i>fluid</i>, though not strictly appropriate.</p>

<p><col><b>Fluid dram</b></col>, or <col><b>Fluid drachm</b></col>, <cd>a measure of capacity equal to one eighth of a fluid ounce.</cd> — <col><b>Fluid ounce</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>In the United States, a measure of capacity, in apothecaries' or wine measure, equal to one sixteenth of a pint or 29.57 cubic centimeters. This, for water, is about 1.04158 ounces avoirdupois, or 455.6 grains.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>In England, a measure of capacity equal to the twentieth part of an imperial pint. For water, this is the weight of the avoirdupois ounce, or 437.5 grains.</cd> — <col><b>Fluids of the body</b></col>. <i>(Physiol.)</i> <cd>The circulating blood and lymph, the chyle, the gastric, pancreatic, and intestinal juices, the saliva, bile, urine, aqueous humor, and muscle serum are the more important <i>fluids of the body</i>. The tissues themselves contain a large amount of combined water, so much, that an entire human body dried <i>in vacuo</i> with a very moderate degree of heat gives about 66 per cent of water.</cd> — <col><b>Burning fluid</b></col>, <col><b>Elastic fluid</b></col>, <col><b>Electric fluid</b></col>, <col><b>Magnetic fluid</b></col>, etc. <cd>See under <u>Burning</u>, <u>Elastic</u>, etc.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Flu"id*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pertaining to a fluid, or to its flowing motion.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Fluidal structure</b></col> <i>(Geol.)</i>, <cd>the structure characteristic of certain volcanic rocks in which the arrangement of the minute crystals shows the lines of flow of thew molten material before solidification; — also called <i>fluxion structure</i>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Flu*id"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>fluidit&eacute;</i>.] <def>The quality of being fluid or capable of flowing; a liquid, a&euml;riform, or gaseous state; — opposed to <i>solidity</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>It was this want of organization, this looseness and <i>fluidity</i> of the new movement, that made it penetrate through every class of society.</blockquote> <i>J. R. Green.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flu"id*ize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Fluidized</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Fluidizing</u>.] <def>To render fluid.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flu"id*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The state of being fluid; fluidity.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flu"id*ounce`</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <i>Fluid ounce</i>, under <u>Fluid</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flu"i*drachm`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <i>Fluid dram</i>, under <u>Fluid</u>.</def> <i>Pharm. of the U. S.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flu"kan</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Mining)</i> <def>Flucan.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fluke</hw> (fl&umacr;k), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. AS. <i>fl&omacr;c</i> a kind of flatfish, Icel. <i>fl&omacr;ki</i> a kind of halibut.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The European flounder. See <u>Flounder</u>.</def> [Written also <i>fleuk</i>, <i>flook</i>, and <i>flowk</i>].<BR> [1913 Webster]</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A parasitic trematode worm of several species, having a flat, lanceolate body and two suckers. Two species (<i>Fasciola hepatica</i> and <i>Distoma lanceolatum</i>) are found in the livers of sheep, and produce the disease called <i>rot</i>.</def><BR> [1913 Webster]</p>

<p><! p. 575 !></p>

<p><hw>Fluke</hw> (fl&umacr;k), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. LG. <i>flunk</i>, <i>flunka</i> wing, the palm of an anchor; perh. akin to E. <i>fly</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The part of an anchor which fastens in the ground; a flook. See <u>Anchor</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of the lobes of a whale's tail, so called from the resemblance to the fluke of an anchor.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>An instrument for cleaning out a hole drilled in stone for blasting.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>An accidental and favorable stroke at billiards (called a <i>scratch</i> in the United States); hence, any accidental or unexpected advantage; as, he won by a <i>fluke</i>.</def> [Cant, Eng.] <i>A. Trollope.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fluke"worm`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Same as 1st <u>Fluke</u>, 2.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fluk"y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Formed like, or having, a fluke.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flume</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. OE. <i>flum</i> river, OF, <i>flum</i>, fr. L. <i>flumen</i>, fr. <i>fluere</i> to flow. &radic;84. See <u>Fluent</u>.] <def>A stream; especially, a passage channel, or conduit for the water that drives a mill wheel; or an artifical channel of water for hydraulic or placer mining; also, a chute for conveying logs or lumber down a declivity.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flu"mi*nous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>flumen</i>, <i>fluminis</i>, river.] <def>Pertaining to rivers; abounding in streama.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flum"mer*y</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [W. <i>llumru</i>, or <i>llumruwd</i>, a kind of food made of oatmeal steeped in water until it has turned sour, fr. <i>llumrig</i> harsh, raw, crude, fr. <i>llum</i> sharp, severe.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A light kind of food, formerly made of flour or meal; a sort of pap.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Milk and <i>flummery</i> are very fit for children.</blockquote> <i>Locke.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Something insipid, or not worth having; empty compliment; trash; unsubstantial talk of writing.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>flummery</i> of modern criticism.</blockquote> <i>J. Morley.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flung</hw> (?), <def><pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> of <u>Fling</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flunk</hw> (fl&ubreve;&nsm;k), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Flunked</u> (fl&ubreve;&nsm;kt); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Flunking</u>.] [Cf. <u>Funk</u>.] <def>To fail, as on a lesson; to back out, as from an undertaking, through fear.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flunk</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To fail in; to shirk, as a task or duty.</def> [Colloq. U.S.]</p>

<p><hw>Flunk</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A failure or backing out</def>; specifically (College cant), <def>a total failure in a recitation.</def> [U.S.]</p>

<p><hw>Flun"ky</hw> (fl&ubreve;&nsm;"k&ybreve;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Flunkies</b></plw> (- k&ibreve;z). [Prob. fr. or akin to <i>flank</i>.] [Written also <i>flunkey</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A contemptuous name for a liveried servant or a footman.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>One who is obsequious or cringing; a snob.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>One easily deceived in buying stocks; an inexperienced and unwary jobber.</def> [Cant, U.S.]</p>

<p><hw>Flun"ky*dom</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The place or region of flunkies.</def> <i>C. Kingsley.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flun"ly*ism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality or characteristics of a flunky; readiness to cringe to those who are superior in wealth or position; toadyism.</def> <i>Thackeray.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flu"o-</hw> (&?;). <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A combining form indicating <i>fluorine</i> as an ingredient; as in <i>fluo</i>silicate, <i>fluo</i>benzene.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flu`o*bo"rate</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>fluoborate</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A salt of fluoboric acid; a fluoboride.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flu`o*bo"ric</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Fluo-</i> <i>boric</i>: cf. F. <i>fluoborique</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Pertaining to, derived from, or consisting of, fluorine and boron.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Fluoridic acid</b></col> <i>(Chem.)</i>, <cd>a double fluoride, consisting essentially of a solution of boron fluoride, in hydrofluoric acid. It has strong acid properties, and is the type of the borofluorides. Called also <i>borofluoric acid</i>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Flu`o*bo"ride</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>See <u>Borofluoride</u>.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Flu`o*ce"rine</hw> (?), <hw>Flu`o*ce"rite</hw> (?) }, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Fluo-</i> + <i>cerium</i>.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>A fluoride of cerium, occuring near Fahlun in Sweden. Tynosite, from Colorado, is probably the same mineral.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flu`o*hy"dric</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Fluo-</i> + <i>hydro</i>gen.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>See <u>Hydrofluoric</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flu`o*phos"phate</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Fluo-</i> + <i>phosphate</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A double salt of fluoric and phosphoric acids.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Flu"or</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., a flowing, fr. <i>fluere</i> to flow. See <u>Fluent</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A fluid state.</def> [Obs.] <i>Sir I. Newton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Menstrual flux; catamenia; menses.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Min.)</i> <def>See <u>Fluorite</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Flu"or albus</hw> (?). [L., white flow.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>The whites; leucorrh&aelig;a.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flu`or*an"thene</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Fluor</i>ene + <i>anth</i>racene.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A white crystalline hydrocarbon C<sub>15</sub>H<sub>10</sub>, of a complex structure, found as one ingredient of the higher boiling portion of coal tar.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flu"or*a`ted</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Combined with fluorine; subjected to the action of fluoride.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Flu`or*ene</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A colorless, crystalline hydrocarbon, C<sub>13</sub>H<sub>10</sub> having a beautiful violet <i>fluorescence</i>; whence its name. It occurs in the higher boiling products of coal tar, and is obtained artificially.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flu`o*res"ce*in</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A yellowish red, crystalline substance, C<sub>20</sub>H<sub>12</sub>O<sub>5</sub>, produced by heating together phthalic anhydride and resorcin; — so called, from the very brilliant yellowish green <i>fluorescence</i> of its alkaline solutions. It has acid properties, and its salts of the alkalies are known to the trade under the name of <i>uranin</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flu`o*res"cence</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From <u>Fluor</u>.] <i>(Opt.)</i> <def>That property which some transparent bodies have of producing at their surface, or within their substance, light different in color from the mass of the material, as when green crystals of fluor spar afford blue reflections. It is due not to the difference in the color of a distinct surface layer, but to the power which the substance has of modifying the light incident upon it. The light emitted by fluorescent substances is in general of lower refrangibility than the incident light.</def> <i>Stockes.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flu`o*res"cent</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having the property of fluorescence.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flu`o*res"cin</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A colorless, amorphous substance which is produced by the reduction of fluoresce&iuml;n, and from which the latter may be formed by oxidation.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flu*or"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>fluorique</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Pertaining to, obtained from, or containing, fluorine.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flu"or*ide</hw> (? or ?; 104), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>fluoride</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A binary compound of fluorine with another element or radical.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Calcium fluoride</b></col> <i>(Min.)</i>, <cd>fluorite, CaF<sub>2</sub>. See <u>Fluorite</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Flu"or*ine</hw> (fl&umacr;"&obreve;r*&ibreve;n or -&emacr;n; 104), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL. <i>fluorina</i>: cf. G. <i>fluorin</i>, F. <i>fluorine</i>. So called from its occurrence in the mineral <i>fluorite</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A non-metallic, gaseous element, strongly acid or negative, and associated with chlorine, bromine, and iodine, in the halogen group of which it is the first member. It always occurs combined, is very active chemically, and possesses such an avidity for most elements, and silicon especially, that it can neither be prepared nor kept in glass vessels. If set free it immediately attacks the containing material, so that it was not isolated until 1886. It is a pungent, corrosive, colorless gas. Symbol F. Atomic weight 19.</def></p>

<p>&fist; <i>Fluorine</i> unites with hydrogen to form hydrofluoric acid, which is the agent employed in etching glass. It occurs naturally, principally combined as calcium fluoride in <i>fluorite</i>, and as a double fluoride of aluminium and sodium in <i>cryolite</i>.</p>

<p><hw>Flu"or*ite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Min.)</i> <def>Calcium fluoride, a mineral of many different colors, white, yellow, purple, green, red, etc., often very beautiful, crystallizing commonly in cubes with perfect octahedral cleavage; also massive. It is used as a flux. Some varieties are used for ornamental vessels. Also called <i>fluor spar</i>, or simply <i>fluor</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flu"or*oid</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Fluor</i> + <i>- oid</i>.] <i>(Crystallog.)</i> <def>A tetrahexahedron; — so called because it is a common form of fluorite.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flu*or"o*scope</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Fluor</i>escence + <i>-scope</i>.] <i>(Phys.)</i> <def>An instrument for observing or exhibiting fluorescence.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flu"or*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pertaining to fluor.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flu"or spar`</hw> (?). <i>(Min.)</i> <def>See <u>Fluorite</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flu`o*sil"i*cate</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>fluosilicate</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A double fluoride of silicon and some other (usually basic) element or radical, regarded as a salt of <i>fluosilicic acid</i>; — called also <i>silicofluoride</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flu`o*si*lic"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Fluo-</i> + <i>silicic</i>: cf. F. <i>fluosilicique</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Composed of, or derived from, silicon and fluorine.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Fluosilicic acid</b></col>, <cd>a double fluoride of hydrogen and silicon, H<sub>2</sub>F<sub>6</sub>Si, obtained in solution in water as a sour fuming liquid, and regarded as the type of the fluosilicates; — called also <i>silicofluoric acid</i>, and <i>hydrofluosilicic acid</i>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Flur"ried</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Agitated; excited.</def> — <wf>Flur"ried*ly</wf> <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Flur"ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Flurries</b></plw> (#). [Prov. E. <i>flur</i> to ruffle.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A sudden and brief blast or gust; a light, temporary breeze; as, a <i>flurry</i> of wind.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A light shower or snowfall accompanied with wind.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Like a <i>flurry</i> of snow on the whistling wind.</blockquote> <i>Longfellow.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Violent agitation; commotion; bustle; hurry.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The racket and <i>flurry</i> of London.</blockquote> <i>Blakw. Mag.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>The violent spasms of a dying whale.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flur"ry</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Flurried</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Flurrying</u>.] <def>To put in a state of agitation; to excite or alarm.</def> <i>H. Swinburne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flurt</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A flirt.</def> [Obs.] <i>Quarles.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flush</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Flushed</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Flushing</u>.] [Cf. OE. <i>fluschen</i> to fly up, penetrate, F. <i>fluz</i> a flowing, E. <i>flux</i>, dial. Sw. <i>flossa</i> to blaze, and E. <i>flash</i>; perh. influenced by <i>blush</i>. &radic;84.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To flow and spread suddenly; to rush; as, blood <i>flushes</i> into the face.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>flushing</i> noise of many waters.</blockquote> <i>Boyle.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>It <i>flushes</i> violently out of the cock.</blockquote> <i>Mortimer.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To become suddenly suffused, as the cheeks; to turn red; to blush.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To snow red; to shine suddenly; to glow.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>In her cheek, distemper <i>flushing</i> glowed.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To start up suddenly; to take wing as a bird.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Flushing</i> from one spray unto another.</blockquote> <i>W. Browne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flush</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To cause to be full; to flood; to overflow; to overwhelm with water; as, to <i>flush</i> the meadows; to flood for the purpose of cleaning; as, to <i>flush</i> a sewer.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To cause the blood to rush into (the face); to put to the blush, or to cause to glow with excitement.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Nor <i>flush</i> with shame the passing virgin's cheek.</blockquote> <i>Gay.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Sudden a thought came like a full-blown rose,<BR> <i>Flushing</i> his brow.</blockquote> <i>Keats.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To make suddenly or temporarily red or rosy, as if suffused with blood.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>How faintly <i>flushed</i>. how phantom fair,<BR> Was Monte Rosa, hanging there!</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To excite; to animate; to stir.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Such things as can only feed his pride and <i>flush</i> his ambition.</blockquote> <i>South.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>To cause to start, as a hunter a bird.</def> <i>Nares.</i></p>

<p><col><b>To flush a joints</b></col> <i>(Masonry)</i>, <cd>to fill them in; to point the level; to make them flush.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Flush</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A sudden flowing; a rush which fills or overflows, as of water for cleansing purposes.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>In manner of a wave or <i>flush</i>.</blockquote> <i>Ray.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A suffusion of the face with blood, as from fear, shame, modesty, or intensity of feeling of any kind; a blush; a glow.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>flush</i> of angered shame.</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Any tinge of red color like that produced on the cheeks by a sudden rush of blood; as, the <i>flush</i> on the side of a peach; the <i>flush</i> on the clouds at sunset.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>A sudden flood or rush of feeling; a thrill of excitement. animation, etc.; as, a <i>flush</i> of joy.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>A flock of birds suddenly started up or flushed.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> [From F. or Sp. <i>flux</i>. Cf. <u>Flux</u>.] <def>A hand of cards of the same suit.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flush</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Full of vigor; fresh; glowing; bright.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>With all his crimes broad blown, as <i>flush</i> as May.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Affluent; abounding; well furnished or suppled; hence, liberal; prodigal.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Lord Strut was not very <i>flush</i> in ready.</blockquote> <i>Arbuthnot.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Arch. & Mech.)</i> <def>Unbroken or even in surface; on a level with the adjacent surface; forming a continuous surface; as, a <i>flush</i> panel; a <i>flush</i> joint.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Card Playing)</i> <def>Consisting of cards of one suit.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Flush bolt</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>A screw bolt whose head is countersunk, so as to be flush with a surface.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>A sliding bolt let into the face or edge of a door, so as to be flush therewith.</cd> — <col><b>Flush deck</b></col>. <i>(Naut.)</i> <cd>See under <u>Deck</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, 1.</cd> — <col><b>Flush tank</b></col>, <cd>a water tank which can be emptied rapidly for flushing drainpipes, etc.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Flush</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>So as to be level or even.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flush"board`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Flashboard</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flush"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A workman employed in cleaning sewers by flushing them with water.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The red-backed shrike. See <u>Flasher</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flush"ing</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A heavy, coarse cloth manufactured from shoddy; — commonly in the &?;</def> [Eng.]</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Weaving)</i> <def>A surface formed of floating threads.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flush"ing*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a flushing manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flush"ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The state of being flush; abundance.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flus"ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Flustered</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Flustering</u>.] [Cf. Icel. <i>flaustra</i> to be flustered, <i>flaustr</i> a fluster.] <def>To make hot and rosy, as with drinking; to heat; hence, to throw into agitation and confusion; to confuse; to muddle.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>His habit or <i>flustering</i> himself daily with claret.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flus"ter</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To be in a heat or bustle; to be agitated and confused.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>flstering</i>, vainglorious Greeks.</blockquote> <i>South.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flus"ter</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Heat or glow, as from drinking; agitation mingled with confusion; disorder.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flus`ter*a"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The act of flustering, or the state of being flustered; fluster.</def> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><hw>Flus"trate</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [See <u>Fluster</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>] <def>To fluster.</def> [Colloq.] <i>Spectator.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flus*tra"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The act of flustrating; confusion; flurry.</def> [Colloq.] <i>Richardson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flute</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>floute</i>, <i>floite</i>, fr. OF. <i>fla&uuml;te</i>, <i>flahute</i>, <i>flahuste</i>, F. <i>fl&?;te</i>; cf. LL. <i>flauta</i>, D. <i>fluit</i>. See <u>Flute</u>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A musical wind instrument, consisting of a hollow cylinder or pipe, with holes along its length, stopped by the fingers or by keys which are opened by the fingers. The modern flute is closed at the upper end, and blown with the mouth at a lateral hole.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The breathing <i>flute's</i> soft notes are heard around.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>A channel of curved section; — usually applied to one of a vertical series of such channels used to decorate columns and pilasters in classical architecture. See <i>Illust.</i> under <u>Base</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A similar channel or groove made in wood or other material, esp. in plaited cloth, as in a lady's ruffle.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>A long French breakfast roll.</def> <i>Simonds.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>A stop in an organ, having a flutelike sound.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Flute bit</b></col>, <cd>a boring tool for piercing ebony, rosewood, and other hard woods.</cd> — <col><b>Flute pipe</b></col>, <cd>an organ pipe having a sharp lip or wind-cutter which imparts vibrations to the column of air in the pipe.</cd> <i>Knight.</i><BR> [1913 Webster]</p>

<p><hw>Flute</hw> (fl&umacr;t), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>fl&ucirc;te</i> a transport, D. <i>fluit</i>.] <def>A kind of flyboat; a storeship.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Armed en fl&ucirc;te</b></col> (&?;) <i>(Nav.)</i>, <cd>partially armed.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Flute</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [OE. <i>flouten</i>, <i>floiten</i>, OF. <i>fla&uuml;ter</i>, <i>fle&uuml;ter</i>, <i>flouster</i>, F. <i>fl&ucirc;ter</i>, cf. D. <i>fluiten</i>; ascribed to an assumed LL. <i>flautare</i>, <i>flatuare</i>, fr. L. <i>flatus</i> a blowing, fr. <i>flare</i> to blow. Cf. <u>Flout</u>, <u>Flageolet</u>, <u>Flatulent</u>.] <def>To play on, or as on, a flute; to make a flutelike sound.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flute</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Fluted</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Fluting</u> (?).] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To play, whistle, or sing with a clear, soft note, like that of a flute.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Knaves are men,<BR> That lute and <i>flute</i> fantastic tenderness.</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><blockquote> The redwing <i>flutes</i> his o-ka-lee.</blockquote> <i>Emerson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To form flutes or channels in, as in a column, a ruffle, etc.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Fl&ucirc;te` &agrave; bec"</hw> (?). [F.] <i>(Mus.)</i> <def>A beak flute, an older form of the flute, played with a mouthpiece resembling a beak, and held like a flageolet.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flut"ed</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Thin; fine; clear and mellow; flutelike; as, <i>fluted</i> notes.</def> <i>Busby.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Decorated with flutes; channeled; grooved; as, a <i>fluted</i> column; a <i>fluted</i> ruffle; a <i>fluted</i> spectrum.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flute"mouth`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A fish of the genus <i>Aulostoma</i>, having a much elongated tubular snout.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flut"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who plays on the flute; a flutist or flautist.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>One who makes grooves or flutings.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flut"ing</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Decoration by means of flutes or channels; a flute, or flutes collectively; as, the <i>fluting</i> of a column or pilaster; the <i>fluting</i> of a lady's ruffle.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Fluting iron</b></col>, <cd>a laundry iron for fluting ruffles; — called also <i>Italian iron</i>, or <i>gaufering iron</i>.</cd> <i>Knight.</i> — <col><b>Fluting lathe</b></col>, <cd>a machine for forming spiral flutes, as on balusters, table legs, etc.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Flut"ist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>fl&ucirc;tiste</i>.] <def>A performer on the flute; a flautist.</def> <i>Busby.</i></p>

<p><! p. 576 !></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To move with quick vibrations or undulations; as, a sail <i>flutters</i> in the wind; a <i>fluttering</i> fan.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To move about briskly, irregularly, or with great bustle and show, without much result.</def></p>

<p><blockquote> No rag, no scrap, of all the beau, or wit,<BR> That once so <i>fluttered</i>, and that once so writ.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To be in agitation; to move irregularly; to flucttuate; to be uncertainty.</def></p>

<p><blockquote> Long we <i>fluttered</i> on the wings of doubtful success.</blockquote> <i>Howell.</i></p>

<p><blockquote> His thoughts are very <i>fluttering</i> and wandering.</blockquote> <i>I. Watts.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flut"ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To vibrate or move quickly; as, a bird <i>flutters</i> its wings.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To drive in disorder; to throw into confusion.</def></p>

<p><blockquote> Like an eagle in a dovecote, I<BR> <i>Fluttered</i> your Volscians in Corioli.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flut"ter</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of fluttering; quick and irregular motion; vibration; as, the <i>flutter</i> of a fan.</def></p>

<p><blockquote> The chirp and <i>flutter</i> of some single bird</blockquote> <i>Milnes. .</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Hurry; tumult; agitation of the mind; confusion; disorder.</def> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Flutter wheel</b></col>, <cd>a water wheel placed below a fall or in a chute where rapidly moving water strikes the tips of the floats; — so called from the spattering, and the fluttering noise it makes.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Flut"ter*er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who, or that which, flutters.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flut"ter*ing*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a fluttering manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flut"y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Soft and clear in tone, like a flute.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flu"vi*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>fluvialis</i>, from <i>fluvius</i> river, fr. <i>fluere</i> to flow: cf.F. <i>fluvial</i>. See <u>Fluent</u>.] <def>Belonging to rivers; growing or living in streams or ponds; as, a <i>fluvial</i> plant.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flu"vi*al*ist</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who exlpains geological phenomena by the action of streams.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Flu`vi*at"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>fluviaticus</i>. See <u>Fluvial</u>.] <def>Belonging to rivers or streams; fluviatile.</def> <i>Johnson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flu"vi*a*tile</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>fluviatilis</i>, fr. <i>fluvius</i> river: cf. F. <i>fluviatile</i>.] <def>Belonging to rivers or streams; existing in or about rivers; produced by river action; fluvial; as, <i>fluviatile</i> starta, plants.</def> <i>Lyell.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flu`vi*o-ma*rine"</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>fluvius</i> river + E. <i>marine</i>.] <i>(Geol.)</i> <def>Formed by the joint action of a river and the sea, as deposits at the mouths of rivers.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flux</hw> (fl&ubreve;ks), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>fluxus</i>, fr. <i>fluere</i>, <i>fluxum</i>, to flow: cf.F. <i>flux</i>. See <u>Fluent</u>, and cf. 1st & 2d <u>Floss</u>, <u>Flush</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, 6.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of flowing; a continuous moving on or passing by, as of a flowing stream; constant succession; change.</def></p>

<p><blockquote> By the perpetual <i>flux</i> of the liquids, a great part of them is thrown out of the body.</blockquote> <i>Arbuthnot.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Her image has escaped the <i>flux</i> of things,<BR> And that same infant beauty that she wore<BR> Is fixed upon her now forevermore.</blockquote> <i>Trench.</i></p>

<p><blockquote> Languages, like our bodies, are in a continual <i>flux</i>.</blockquote> <i>Felton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The setting in of the tide toward the shore, — the ebb being called the <i>reflux</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>The state of being liquid through heat; fusion.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Chem. & Metal.)</i> <def>Any substance or mixture used to promote the fusion of metals or minerals, as alkalies, borax, lime, fluorite.</def></p>

<p>&fist; <i>White flux</i> is the residuum of the combustion of a mixture of equal parts of niter and tartar. It consists chiefly of the carbonate of potassium, and is white. — <i>Black flux</i> is the ressiduum of the combustion of one part of niter and two of tartar, and consists essentially of a mixture of potassium carbonate and charcoal.</p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <i>(Med.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A fluid discharge from the bowels or other part; especially, an excessive and morbid discharge; as, the bloody <i>flux</i> or dysentery. See <u>Bloody flux</u>.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The matter thus discharged.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <i>(Physics)</i> <def>The quantity of a fluid that crosses a unit area of a given surface in a unit of time.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flux</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>fluxus</i>, p. p. of <i>fluere</i>. See <u>Flux</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <def>Flowing; unstable; inconstant; variable.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>flux</i> nature of all things here.</blockquote> <i>Barrow.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flux</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Fluxed</u> (fl&ubreve;kst); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Fluxing</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To affect, or bring to a certain state, by flux.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He might fashionably and genteelly . . . have been dueled or<BR> <i>fluxed</i> into another world.</blockquote> <i>South.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To cause to become fluid; to fuse.</def> <i>Kirwan.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>To cause a discharge from; to purge.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flux*a"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The act of fluxing.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flux`i*bil"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. LL. <i>fluxibilitas</i> fluidity.] <def>The quality of being fluxible.</def> <i>Hammond.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flux"i*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf.LL. <i>fluxibilis</i> fluid, OF. <i>fluxible</i>.] <def>Capable of being melted or fused, as a mineral.</def> <i>Holland.</i></p>

<p>— <wf>Flux"i*ble*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Flux"ile</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>fluxilis</i>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>, fluid.] <def>Fluxible.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Flux*il"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>State of being fluxible.</def>[Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Flux"ion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>fluxion</i>.] <def>The act of flowing.</def> <i>Cotgrave.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The matter that flows.</def> <i>Wiseman.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Fusion; the running of metals into a fluid state.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>An unnatural or excessive flow of blood or fluid toward any organ; a determination.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>A constantly varying indication.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Less to be counted than the <i>fluxions</i> of sun dials.</blockquote> <i>De Quincey.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <i>(Math.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The infinitely small increase or decrease of a variable or flowing quantity in a certain infinitely small and constant period of time; the rate of variation of a fluent; an incerement; a differential.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <i>pl.</i> <def>A method of analysis developed by Newton, and based on the conception of all magnitudes as generated by motion, and involving in their changes the notion of velocity or rate of change. Its results are the same as those of the differential and integral calculus, from which it differs little except in notation and logical method.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flux"ion*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pertaining to, or having the nature of, fluxion or fluxions; variable; inconstant.</def></p>

<p><blockquote> The merely human,the temporary and <i>fluxional</i>.</blockquote> <i>Coleridge.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Fluxional structure</b></col> <i>(Geol.)</i>, <cd>fluidal structure.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Flux"ion*a*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Fluxional.</def> <i>Berkeley.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Pertaining to, or caused by, an increased flow of blood to a part; congestive; as, a <i>fluxionary</i> hemorrhage.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flux"ion*ist</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One skilled in fluxions.</def> <i>Berkeley.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flux"ions</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> <i>(Math.)</i> <def>See <u>Fluxion</u>, 6<sd><i>(b)</i></sd>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flux"ive</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Flowing; also, wanting solidity.</def> <i>B. Jonson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Flux"ure</hw> (?; 138), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>fluxura</i> a flowing.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The quality of being fluid.</def> [Obs.] <i>Fielding.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Fluid matter.</def> [Obs.] <i>Drayton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fly</hw> (fl&imacr;), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp.</i></pos> <u>Flew</u> (fl&umacr;); <pos><i>p. p.</i></pos> <u>Flown</u> (fl&omacr;n); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Flying</u>.] [OE. <i>fleen</i>, <i>fleen</i>, <i>fleyen</i>, <i>flegen</i>, AS. <i>fle&oacute;gan</i>; akin to D. <i>vliegen</i>, OHG. <i>fliogan</i>, G. <i>fliegen</i>, Icel. <i>flj&umacr;ga</i>, Sw. <i>flyga</i>, Dan. <i>flyve</i>, Goth. <i>us-flaugjan</i> to cause to fly away, blow about, and perh. to L. <i>pluma</i> feather, E. <i>plume</i>. &radic;84. Cf. <u>Fledge</u>, <u>Flight</u>, <u>Flock</u> of animals.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To move in or pass through the air with wings, as a bird.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To move through the air or before the wind; esp., to pass or be driven rapidly through the air by any impulse.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To float, wave, or rise in the air, as sparks or a flag.</def></p>

<p><blockquote> Man is born unto trouble, as the sparks <i>fly</i> upward.</blockquote> <i>Job v. 7.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To move or pass swiftly; to hasten away; to circulate rapidly; as, a ship <i>flies</i> on the deep; a top <i>flies</i> around; rumor <i>flies</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Fly</i>, envious Time, till thou run out thy race.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The dark waves murmured as the ships <i>flew</i> on.</blockquote> <i>Bryant.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>To run from danger; to attempt to escape; to flee; as, an enemy or a coward <i>flies</i>. See Note under <u>Flee</u>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Fly</i>, ere evil intercept thy flight.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Whither shall I <i>fly</i> to escape their hands ?</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>To move suddenly, or with violence; to do an act suddenly or swiftly; — usually with a qualifying word; as, a door <i>flies</i> open; a bomb <i>flies</i> apart.</def></p>

<p><col><b>To fly about</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>to change frequently in a short time; — said of the wind.</cd> — <col><b>To fly around</b></col>, <cd>to move about in haste.</cd> [Colloq.] — <col><b>To fly at</b></col>, <cd>to spring toward; to rush on; to attack suddenly.</cd> — <col><b>To fly in the face of</b></col>, <cd>to insult; to assail; to set at defiance; to oppose with violence; to act in direct opposition to; to resist.</cd> — <col><b>To fly off</b></col>, <cd>to separate, or become detached suddenly; to revolt.</cd> — <col><b>To fly on</b></col>, <cd>to attack.</cd> — <col><b>To fly open</b></col>, <cd>to open suddenly, or with violence.</cd> — <col><b>To fly out</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>To rush out.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>To burst into a passion; to break out into license.</cd> — <col><b>To let fly</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>To throw or drive with violence; to discharge.</cd> "A man <i>lets fly</i> his arrow without taking any aim." <i>Addison.</i> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <i>(Naut.)</i> <cd>To let go suddenly and entirely; as, <i>to let fly</i> the sheets.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fly</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To cause to fly or to float in the air, as a bird, a kite, a flag, etc.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The brave black flag I <i>fly</i>.</blockquote> <i>W. S. Gilbert.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To fly or flee from; to shun; to avoid.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Sleep <i>flies</i> the wretch.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>To <i>fly</i> the favors of so good a king.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To hunt with a hawk.</def> [Obs.] <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><col><b>To fly a kite</b></col> <i>(Com.)</i>, <cd>to raise money on commercial notes.</cd> [Cant or Slang]</p>

<p><hw>Fly</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Flies</b></plw> (fl&imacr;z). [OE. <i>flie</i>, <i>flege</i>, AS. <i>fl&ymacr;ge</i>, <i>fle&oacute;ge</i>, fr. <i>fle&oacute;gan</i> to fly; akin to D. <i>vlieg</i>, OHG. <i>flioga</i>, G. <i>fliege</i>, Icel. & Sw. <i>fluga</i>, Dan. <i>flue</i>. &radic; 84. See <u>Fly</u>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>Any winged insect; esp., one with transparent wings; as, the Spanish <i>fly</i>; fire<i>fly</i>; gall <i>fly</i>; dragon <i>fly</i>.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>Any dipterous insect; as, the house <i>fly</i>; flesh <i>fly</i>; black <i>fly</i>. See <u>Diptera</u>, and <i>Illust.</i> in Append.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A hook dressed in imitation of a fly, — used for fishing.</def> "The fur-wrought <i>fly</i>." <i>Gay.</i> </p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A familiar spirit; a witch's attendant.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>A trifling <i>fly</i>, none of your great familiars.</blockquote> <i>B. Jonson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>A parasite.</def> [Obs.] <i>Massinger.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>A kind of light carriage for rapid transit, plying for hire and usually drawn by one horse.</def> [Eng.]</p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>The length of an extended flag from its staff; sometimes, the length from the "union" to the extreme end.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <def>The part of a vane pointing the direction from which the wind blows.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>8.</b></sn> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>That part of a compass on which the points are marked; the compass card.</def> <i>Totten.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>9.</b></sn> <i>(Mech.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>Two or more vanes set on a revolving axis, to act as a fanner, or to equalize or impede the motion of machinery by the resistance of the air, as in the striking part of a clock.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A heavy wheel, or cross arms with weights at the ends on a revolving axis, to regulate or equalize the motion of machinery by means of its inertia, where the power communicated, or the resistance to be overcome, is variable, as in the steam engine or the coining press. See <i>Fly wheel</i> (below).</def></p>

<p><sn><b>10.</b></sn> <i>(Knitting Machine)</i> <def>The piece hinged to the needle, which holds the engaged loop in position while the needle is penetrating another loop; a latch.</def> <i>Knight.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>11.</b></sn> <def>The pair of arms revolving around the bobbin, in a spinning wheel or spinning frame, to twist the yarn.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>12.</b></sn> <i>(Weaving)</i> <def>A shuttle driven through the shed by a blow or jerk.</def> <i>Knight.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>13.</b></sn> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>Formerly, the person who took the printed sheets from the press.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A vibrating frame with fingers, attached to a power to a power printing press for doing the same work.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>14.</b></sn> <def>The outer canvas of a tent with double top, usually drawn over the ridgepole, but so extended as to touch the roof of the tent at no other place.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>15.</b></sn> <def>One of the upper screens of a stage in a theater.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>16.</b></sn> <def>The fore flap of a bootee; also, a lap on trousers, overcoats, etc., to conceal a row of buttons.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>17.</b></sn> <i>(Baseball)</i> <def>A batted ball that flies to a considerable distance, usually high in the air, also called a <i>fly ball</i>; also, the flight of a ball so struck; as, it was caught on the <i>fly</i>.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Black fly</b></col>, <col><b>Cheese fly</b></col>, <col><b>Dragon fly, etc.</b></col> <cd>See under <u>Black</u>, <u>Cheese</u>, etc.</cd> — <col><b>Fly agaric</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>a mushroom (<i>Agaricus muscarius</i>), having a narcotic juice which, in sufficient quantities, is poisonous.</cd> — <col><b>Fly block</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>a pulley whose position shifts to suit the working of the tackle with which it is connected; — used in the hoisting tackle of yards.</cd> — <col><b>Fly board</b></col> <i>(Printing Press)</i>, <cd>the board on which printed sheets are deposited by the fly.</cd> — <col><b>Fly book</b></col>, <cd>a case in the form of a book for anglers' flies.</cd> <i>Kingsley.</i> — <col><b>Fly cap</b></col>, <cd>a cap with wings, formerly worn by women.</cd> — <col><b>Fly drill</b></col>, <cd>a drill having a reciprocating motion controlled by a fly wheel, the driving power being applied by the hand through a cord winding in reverse directions upon the spindle as it rotates backward and forward.</cd> <i>Knight.</i> — <col><b>Fly fishing</b></col>, <cd>the act or art of angling with a bait of natural or artificial flies.</cd> <i>Walton.</i> — <col><b>Fly flap</b></col>, <cd>an implement for killing flies.</cd> — <col><b>Fly governor</b></col>, <cd>a governor for regulating the speed of an engine, etc., by the resistance of vanes revolving in the air.</cd> — <col><b>Fly honeysuckle</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>a plant of the honeysuckle genus (<i>Lonicera</i>), having a bushy stem and the flowers in pairs, as <i>L. ciliata</i> and <i>L. Xylosteum</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Fly hook</b></col>, <cd>a fishhook supplied with an artificial fly.</cd> — <col><b>Fly leaf</b></col>, <cd>an unprinted leaf at the beginning or end of a book, circular, programme, etc.</cd> — <col><b>Fly maggot</b></col>, <cd>a maggot bred from the egg of a fly.</cd> <i>Ray.</i> — <col><b>Fly net</b></col>, <cd>a screen to exclude insects.</cd> — <col><b>Fly nut</b></col> <i>(Mach.)</i>, <cd>a nut with wings; a thumb nut; a finger nut.</cd> — <col><b>Fly orchis</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>a plant (<i>Ophrys muscifera</i>), whose flowers resemble flies.</cd> - - <col><b>Fly paper</b></col>, <cd>poisoned or sticky paper for killing flies that feed upon or are entangled by it.</cd> — <col><b>Fly powder</b></col>, <cd>an arsenical powder used to poison flies.</cd> — <col><b>Fly press</b></col>, <cd>a screw press for punching, embossing, etc., operated by hand and having a heavy fly.</cd> — <col><b>Fly rail</b></col>, <cd>a bracket which turns out to support the hinged leaf of a table.</cd> — <col><b>Fly rod</b></col>, <cd>a light fishing rod used in angling with a fly.</cd> — <col><b>Fly sheet</b></col>, <cd>a small loose advertising sheet; a handbill.</cd> — <col><b>Fly snapper</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>an American bird (<i>Phainopepla nitens</i>), allied to the chatterers and shrikes.</cd> The male is glossy blue-black; the female brownish gray. — <col><b>Fly wheel</b></col> <i>(Mach.)</i>, <cd>a heavy wheel attached to machinery to equalize the movement (opposing any sudden acceleration by its inertia and any retardation by its momentum), and to accumulate or give out energy for a variable or intermitting resistance. See <u>Fly</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, 9.</cd> — <col><b>On the fly</b></col> <i>(Baseball)</i>, <cd>still in the air; — said of a batted ball caught before touching the ground.</cd>.</p>

<p><hw>Fly</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Knowing; wide awake; fully understanding another's meaning.</def> [Slang] <i>Dickens.</i></p>

<p><hw>flyaway</hw> <pos><i>adj.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>frivolous; — of people.</def> <i>serious</i><BR> <b>Syn. —</b> flighty.<BR> [WordNet 1.5]</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Tending to move away from a center, rather than remain in a compact group; — used of hair or clothing or of small particles of matter.</def> Light objects or particles readily taking a static electric charge may be moved apart by acquisition of a charge, or by approach of a charged object. Such a property is called <i>flyaway</i>.<BR> <b>Syn. —</b> fluttering.<BR> [WordNet 1.5]</p>

<p><hw>Fly"bane`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A kind of catchfly of the genus <i>Silene</i>; also, a poisonous mushroom (<i>Agaricus muscarius</i>); fly agaric.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fly"-bit`ten</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Marked by, or as if by, the bite of flies.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fly"blow`</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To deposit eggs upon, as a flesh fly does on meat; to cause to be maggoty; hence, to taint or contaminate, as if with flyblows.</def> <i>Bp. Srillingfleet.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fly"blow`</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of the eggs or young larv&aelig; deposited by a flesh fly, or blowfly.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fly"blown`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Tainted or contaminated with flyblows; damaged; foul.</def></p>

<p><blockquote> Wherever <i>flyblown</i> reputations were assembled.</blockquote> <i>Thackeray.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fly"boat`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Fly</i> + <i>boat</i>: cf. D. <i>vlieboot</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>A large Dutch coasting vessel.</def></p>

<p><blockquote> Captain George Weymouth made a voyage of discovery to the northwest with two <i>flyboats</i>.</blockquote> <i>Purchas.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A kind of passenger boat formerly used on canals.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fly"-case`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The covering of an insect, esp. the elytra of beetles.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fly"catch`er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of numerous species of birds that feed upon insects, which they take on the wing.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The true flycatchers of the Old World are Oscines, and belong to the family <i>Muscicapid&aelig;</i>, as the spotted flycatcher (<i>Muscicapa grisola</i>). The American flycatchers, or tyrant flycatchers, are Clamatores, and belong to the family <i>Tyrannid&aelig;</i>, as the kingbird, pewee, crested flycatcher (<i>Myiarchus crinitus</i>), and the vermilion flycatcher or churinche (<i>Pyrocephalus rubineus</i>). Certain American flycatching warblers of the family <i>Sylvicolid&aelig;</i> are also called flycatchers, as the Canadian flycatcher (<i>Sylvania Canadensis</i>), and the hooded flycatcher (<i>S. mitrata</i>). See <u>Tyrant flycatcher</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Fly"-catch`ing</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Having the habit of catching insects on the wing.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fly"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Flier</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One that uses wings.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The fly of a flag: See <u>Fly</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, 6.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Anything that is scattered abroad in great numbers as a theatrical programme, an advertising leaf, etc.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>One in a flight of steps which are parallel to each other(as in ordinary stairs), as distinguished from a <i>winder</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>The pair of arms attached to the spindle of a spinning frame, over which the thread passes to the bobbin; — so called from their swift revolution. See <u>Fly</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, 11.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>The fan wheel that rotates the cap of a windmill as the wind veers.</def> <i>Internat. Cyc.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <i>(Stock Jobbing)</i> <def>A small operation not involving ? considerable part of one's capital, or not in the line of one's ordinary business; a venture.</def> [Cant] <i>Bartlett.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fly"fish`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A California scorp&aelig;noid fish (<i>Sebastichthys rhodochloris</i>), having brilliant colors.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fly"-fish</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To angle, using flies for bait.</def> <i>Walton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fly"ing</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [From <u>Fly</u>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos>] <def>Moving in the air with, or as with, wings; moving lightly or rapidly; intended for rapid movement.</def></p>

<p><! p. 577 !></p>

<p><col><b>Flying army</b></col> <i>(Mil.)</i> <cd>a body of cavalry and infantry, kept in motion, to cover its own garrisons and to keep the enemy in continual alarm.</cd> <i>Farrow.</i> —<col><b>Flying artillery</b></col> <i>(Mil.)</i>, <cd>artillery trained to rapid evolutions, — the men being either mounted or trained to spring upon the guns and caissons when they change position.</cd> — <col><b>Flying bridge</b></col>, <col><b>Flying camp</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Bridge</u>, and <u>Camp</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Flying buttress</b></col> <i>(Arch.)</i>, <cd>a contrivance for taking up the thrust of a roof or vault which can not be supported by ordinary buttresses. It consists of a straight bar of masonry, usually sloping, carried on an arch, and a solid pier or buttress sufficient to receive the thrust. The word is generally applied only to the straight bar with supporting arch.</cd> — <col><b>Flying colors</b></col>, <cd>flags unfurled and waving in the air</cd>; hence: <col><b>To come off with flying colors</b></col>, <cd>to be victorious; to succeed thoroughly in an undertaking.</cd> — <col><b>Flying doe</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a young female kangaroo.</cd> — <col><b>Flying dragon</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <cd>See <u>Dragon</u>, 6.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>A meteor. See under <u>Dragon</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Flying Dutchman</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>A fabled Dutch mariner condemned for his crimes to sail the seas till the day of judgment.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>A spectral ship.</cd> — <col><b>Flying fish</b></col>. <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <cd>See <u>Flying fish</u>, in the Vocabulary.</cd> — <col><b>Flying fox</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the colugo.</cd> — <col><b>Flying frog</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>an East Indian tree frog of the genus <i>Rhacophorus</i>, having very large and broadly webbed feet, which serve as parachutes, and enable it to make very long leaps.</cd> — <col><b>Flying gurnard</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a species of gurnard of the genus <i>Cephalacanthus</i> or <i>Dactylopterus</i>, with very large pectoral fins, said to be able to fly like the flying fish, but not for so great a distance.</cd> Three species are known; that of the Atlantic is <i>Cephalacanthus volitans</i>. — <col><b>Flying jib</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>a sail extended outside of the standing jib, on the flying-jib boom.</cd> — <col><b>Flying-jib boom</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>an extension of the jib boom.</cd> — <col><b>Flying kites</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>light sails carried only in fine weather.</cd> — <col><b>Flying lemur</b></col>. <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <cd>See <u>Colugo</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Flying level</b></col> <i>(Civil Engin.)</i>, <cd>a reconnoissance level over the course of a projected road, canal, etc.</cd> — <col><b>Flying lizard</b></col>. <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <cd>See <u>Dragon</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> 6.</cd> — <col><b>Flying machine</b></col>, <cd>an apparatus for navigating the air; a form of balloon.</cd> — <col><b>Flying mouse</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the opossum mouse (<i>Acrobates pygm&aelig;us</i>), of Australia.</cd> It has lateral folds of skin, like the flying squirrels. — <col><b>Flying party</b></col> <i>(Mil.)</i>, <cd>a body of soldiers detailed to hover about an enemy.</cd> — <col><b>Flying phalanger</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>one of several species of small marsuupials of the genera <i>Petaurus</i> and <i>Belideus</i>, of Australia and New Guinea, having lateral folds like those of the flying squirrels. The sugar squirrel (<i>B. sciureus</i>), and the ariel (<i>B. ariel</i>), are the best known; — called also <i>squirrel petaurus</i> and <i>flying squirrel</i>. See <u>Sugar squirrel</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Flying pinion</b></col>, <cd>the fly of a clock.</cd> — <col><b>Flying sap</b></col> <i>(Mil.)</i>, <cd>the rapid construction of trenches (when the enemy's fire of case shot precludes the method of simple trenching), by means of gabions placed in juxtaposition and filled with earth.</cd> — <col><b>Flying shot</b></col>, <cd>a shot fired at a moving object, as a bird on the wing.</cd> — <col><b>Flying spider</b></col>. <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <cd>See <u>Ballooning spider</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Flying squid</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>an oceanic squid (<i>Ommastrephes, or Sthenoteuthis, Bartramii</i>), abundant in the Gulf Stream, which is able to leap out of the water with such force that it often falls on the deck of a vessel.</cd> — <col><b>Flying squirrel</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <cd>See <u>Flying squirrel</u>, in the Vocabulary.</cd> — <col><b>Flying start</b></col>, <cd>a start in a sailing race in which the signal is given while the vessels are under way.</cd> — <col><b>Flying torch</b></col> <i>(Mil.)</i>, <cd>a torch attached to a long staff and used for signaling at night.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fly"ing fish`</hw> (?). <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A fish which is able to leap from the water, and fly a considerable distance by means of its large and long pectoral fins. These fishes belong to several species of the genus <i>Exoc&oelig;tus</i>, and are found in the warmer parts of all the oceans.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fly"ing squir"rel</hw> (? or ?). <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of a group of squirrels, of the genera <i>Pteromus</i> and <i>Sciuropterus</i>, having parachute-like folds of skin extending from the fore to the hind legs, which enable them to make very long leaps.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The species of Pteromys are large, with bushy tails, and inhabit southern Asia and the East Indies; those of Sciuropterus are smaller, with flat tails, and inhabit the northern parts of Europe, Asia, and America. The American species <i>(Sciuropterus volucella)</i> is also called Assapan. The Australian flying squirrels, or flying phalangers, are marsupials. See <i>Flying phalanger</i> (above).</p>

<p><hw>Fly"man</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Flymen</b></plw> (-m<i>e</i>n). <def>The driver of a fly, or light public carriage.</def></p>

<p><hw>Flysch</hw> (fl&emacr;sh), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [A Swiss word, fr. G. <i>fliessen</i> to flow, melt.] <i>(Geol.)</i> <def>A name given to the series of sandstones and schists overlying the true nummulitic formation in the Alps, and included in the Eocene Tertiary.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fly"speck</hw> (fl?'sp?k), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A speck or stain made by the excrement of a fly; hence, any insignificant dot.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fly"speck</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To soil with flyspecks.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fly"trap</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A trap for catching flies.</def> <sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A plant <i>(Dion&aelig;a muscipula)</i>, called also Venus's flytrap, the leaves of which are fringed with stiff bristles, and fold together when certain hairs on their upper surface are touched, thus seizing insects that light on them. The insects so caught are afterwards digested by a secretion from the upper surface of the leaves.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fnese</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [AS. <i>fn&?;san</i>, <i>gefn&?;san</i>.] <def>To breathe heavily; to snort.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fo</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The Chinese name of Buddha.</def></p>

<p><hw>Foal</hw> (f&omacr;l), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>fole</i>, AS. <i>fola</i>; akin to OHG. <i>folo</i>, G. <i>fohlen</i>, Goth. <i>fula</i>, Icel. <i>foli</i>, Sw. <i>f&aring;le</i>, Gr. <grk>pw^los</grk>, L. <i>pullus</i> a young animal. Cf. <u>Filly</u>, <u>Poultry</u>, <u>Pullet</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;.)</i> <def>The young of any animal of the Horse family <i>(Equid&aelig;)</i>; a colt; a filly.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Foal teeth</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the first set of teeth of a horse.</cd> — <col><b>In foal</b></col>, <col><b>With foal</b></col>, <cd>being with young; pregnant; — said of a mare or she ass.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Foal</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Foaled</u> (f&omacr;ld); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Foaling</u>.] <def>To bring forth (a colt); — said of a mare or a she ass.</def></p>

<p><hw>Foal</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To bring forth young, as an animal of the horse kind.</def></p>

<p><hw>Foal"foot`</hw> (-f&oocr;t`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>See <u>Coltsfoot</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Foam</hw> (f&omacr;m), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>fam</i>, <i>fom</i>, AS. <i>f&amacr;m</i>; akin to OHG. & G. <i>feim</i>.] <def>The white substance, consisting of an aggregation of bubbles, which is formed on the surface of liquids, or in the mouth of an animal, by violent agitation or fermentation; froth; spume; scum; as, the <i>foam</i> of the sea.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Foam cock</b></col>, <cd>in steam boilers, a cock at the water level, to blow off impurities.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Foam</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Foamed</u> (f&omacr;md); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Foaming</u>.] [AS. <i>f?man</i>. See <u>Foam</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To gather foam; to froth; as, the billows <i>foam</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He <i>foameth</i>, and gnasheth with his teeth.</blockquote> <i>Mark ix. 18.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To form foam, or become filled with foam; — said of a steam boiler when the water is unduly agitated and frothy, as because of chemical action.</def></p>

<p><hw>Foam</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To cause to foam; as, to <i>foam</i> the goblet; also (with out), to throw out with rage or violence, as foam.</def> "<i>Foaming</i> out their own shame." <i>Jude 13.</i></p>

<p><hw>Foam"ing*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>With foam; frothily.</def></p>

<p><hw>Foam"less</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having no foam.</def></p>

<p><hw>Foam"y</hw> (-&tcr;), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Covered with foam; frothy; spumy.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Behold how high the <i>foamy</i> billows ride!</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fob</hw> (f&obreve;b), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. Prov. G. <i>fuppe</i> pocket.] <def>A little pocket for a watch.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Fob chain</b></col>, <cd>a short watch chain worn with a watch carried in the fob.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fob</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Fobbed</u> (#); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Fobbing</u>.] [Cf.Fop.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To beat; to maul.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To cheat; to trick; to impose on.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><col><b>To fob off</b></col>, <cd>to shift off by an artifice; to put aside; to delude with a trick."A conspiracy of bishops could prostrate and fob off the right of the people."</cd> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fo"cal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>focal</i>. See <u>Focus</u>.] <def>Belonging to,or concerning, a focus; as, a focal point.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Focal distance, or length, of a lens or mirror</b></col> <i>(Opt.)</i>, <cd>the distance of the focus from the surface of the lens or mirror, or more exactly, in the case of a lens, from its optical center.</cd> —<col><b>Focal distance of a telescope</b></col>, <cd>the distance of the image of an object from the object glass.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fo`cal*i*za"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The act of focalizing or bringing to a focus, or the state of being focalized.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fo"cal*ize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Focalized</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Focalizing</u> (?).] <def>To bring to a focus; to focus; to concentrate.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Light is focalized in the eye, sound in the ear.</blockquote> <i>De Quincey.</i></p>

<p><hw>Foc"il*late</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [L. <i>focilatus</i>, p. p. of focillare.] <def>To nourish.</def> [Obs.] <i>Blount.</i></p>

<p><hw>Foc`il*la"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Comfort; support.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Fo*cim"e*ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Focus</i> + <i>-meter</i>.] <i>(Photog.)</i> <def>An assisting instrument for focusing an object in or before a camera.</def> <i>Knight.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fo"cus</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> E. <plw><b>Focuses</b></plw> (#), L. <plw><b>Foci</b></plw> (#). [L. <i>focus</i> hearth, fireplace; perh. akin to E. <i>bake</i>. Cf. <u>Curfew</u>, <u>Fuel</u>, <u>Fusil</u> the firearm.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Opt.)</i> <def>A point in which the rays of light meet, after being reflected or refracted, and at which the image is formed; as, the <i>focus</i> of a lens or mirror.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Geom.)</i> <def>A point so related to a conic section and certain straight line called the <i>directrix</i> that the ratio of the distance between any point of the curve and the focus to the distance of the same point from the directrix is constant.</def></p>

<p>&fist; Thus, in the ellipse FGHKLM, A is the focus and CD the directrix, when the ratios FA:FE, GA:GD, MA:MC, etc., are all equal. So in the hyperbola, A is the focus and CD the directrix when the ratio HA:HK is constant for all points of the curve; and in the parabola, A is the focus and CD the directrix when the ratio BA:BC is constant. In the ellipse this ratio is less than unity, in the parabola equal to unity, and in the hyperbola greater than unity. The ellipse and hyperbola have each two foci, and two corresponding directrixes, and the parabola has one focus and one directrix. In the ellipse the <i>sum</i> of the two lines from any point of the curve to the two foci is constant; that is: AG+GB=AH+HB; and in the hyperbola the <i>difference</i> of the corresponding lines is constant. The diameter which passes through the foci of the ellipse is the <i>major axis</i>. The diameter which being produced passes through the foci of the hyperbola is the <i>transverse axis</i>. The middle point of the major or the transverse axis is the center of the curve. Certain other curves, as the lemniscate and the Cartesian ovals, have points called <i>foci</i>, possessing properties similar to those of the foci of conic sections. In an ellipse, rays of light coming from one focus, and reflected from the curve, proceed in lines directed <i>toward</i> the other; in an hyperbola, in lines directed <i>from</i> the other; in a parabola, rays from the focus, after reflection at the curve, proceed in lines parallel to the axis. Thus rays from A in the ellipse are reflected to B; rays from A in the hyperbola are reflected toward L and M away from B.</p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A central point; a point of concentration.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Aplanatic focus</b></col>. <i>(Opt.)</i> <cd>See under <u>Aplanatic</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Conjugate focus</b></col> <i>(Opt.)</i>, <cd>the focus for rays which have a sensible divergence, as from a near object; — so called because the positions of the object and its image are interchangeable.</cd> — <col><b>Focus tube</b></col> <i>(Phys.)</i>, <cd>a vacuum tube for R&oelig;ntgen rays in which the cathode rays are focused upon the anticathode, for intensifying the effect.</cd> — <col><b>Principal, or Solar</b></col>, <col><b>focus</b></col> <i>(Opt.)</i>, <cd>the focus for parallel rays.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fo"cus</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Focused</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Focusing</u>.] <def>To bring to a focus; to focalize; as, to focus a camera.</def> <i>R. Hunt.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fod"der</hw> (f&obreve;d"d&etilde;r), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See 1st <u>Fother</u>.] <def>A weight by which lead and some other metals were formerly sold, in England, varying from 19&frac12; to 24 cwt.; a fother.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Fod"der</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>f&omacr;dder</i>, f&omacr;ddor, fodder (also sheath case), fr. <i>f&omacr;da</i> food; akin to D. <i>voeder</i>, OHG. <i>fuotar</i>, G. <i>futter</i>, Icel. <i>f&omacr;&eth;r</i>, Sw. & Dan. <i>foder</i>. &radic;75. See <u>Food</u> and cf. <u>Forage</u>, <u>Fur</u>.] <def>That which is fed out to cattle horses, and sheep, as hay, cornstalks, vegetables, etc.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fod"der</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Foddered</u> (-d&etilde;rd); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Foddering</u>.] <def>To feed, as cattle, with dry food or cut grass, etc.; to furnish with hay, straw, oats, etc.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fod"der*er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who fodders cattle.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fo"di*ent</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>fodiens</i>, p. pr. of <i>fodere</i> to dig.] <def>Fitted for, or pertaining to, digging.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fo"di*ent</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of the Fodientia.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fo`di*en"ti*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr. L. <i>fodiens</i> p. pr., digging.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A group of African edentates including the aard-vark.</def></p>

<p><hw>Foe</hw> (f&omacr;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>fo</i>, <i>fa</i>, AS. <i>f&amacr;h</i> hostile; prob. akin to E. <i>fiend</i>. &radic;81. See <u>Fiend</u>, and cf. <u>Feud</u> a quarrel.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who entertains personal enmity, hatred, grudge, or malice, against another; an enemy.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A man's <i>foes</i> shall be they of his own household.</blockquote> <i>Matt. x. 36</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>An enemy in war; a hostile army.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>One who opposes on principle; an opponent; an adversary; an ill-wisher; as, a foe to religion.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A <i>foe</i> to received doctrines.</blockquote> <i>I. Watts</i></p>

<p><hw>Foe</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To treat as an enemy.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Foe"hood</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Enmity.</def> <i>Bp. Bedell.</i></p>

<p><hw>Foe"man</hw> (f&omacr;"m<i>a</i>n), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Foemen</b></plw> (-m<i>e</i>n). [AS. <i>f&amacr;hman</i>.] <def>An enemy in war.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>And the stern joy which warriors feel<BR> In <i>foemen</i> worthy of their steel.</blockquote> <i>Sir W. Scott</i></p>

<p><hw>F&oelig;"tal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Fetal</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>F&oelig;*ta"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Fetation</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>F&oelig;"ti*cide</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Feticide</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>F&oelig;"tor</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Fetor</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>F&oelig;"tus</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Fetus</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fog</hw> (f&obreve;g), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. Scot. <i>fog</i>, <i>fouge</i>, moss, <i>foggage</i> rank grass, LL. <i>fogagium</i>, W. <i>ffwg</i> dry grass.] <i>(Agric.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A second growth of grass; aftergrass.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>Dead or decaying grass remaining on land through the winter; — called also <i>foggage</i>.</def> [Prov.Eng.] <i>Halliwell.</i> Sometimes called, in New England, <i>old tore</i>. In Scotland, <i>fog</i> is a general name for moss.</p>

<p><hw>Fog</hw> <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <i>(Agric.)</i> <def>To pasture cattle on the fog, or aftergrass, of; to eat off the fog from.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fog</hw> <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [Etymol. uncertain.] <def>To practice in a small or mean way; to pettifog.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Where wouldst thou fog to get a fee?</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fog</hw> <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Dan. snee<i>fog</i> snow falling thick, drift of snow, driving snow, cf. Icel. <i>fok</i> spray, snowdrift, <i>fj&umacr;k</i> snowstorm, <i>fj&umacr;ka</i> to drift.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Watery vapor condensed in the lower part of the atmosphere and disturbing its transparency. It differs from cloud only in being near the ground, and from mist in not approaching so nearly to fine rain. See <u>Cloud</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A state of mental confusion.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Fog alarm</b></col>, <col><b>Fog bell</b></col>, <col><b>Fog horn</b></col>, etc., <cd>a bell, horn, whistle or other contrivance that sounds an alarm, often automatically, near places of danger where visible signals would be hidden in thick weather.</cd> - - <col><b>Fog bank</b></col>, <cd>a mass of fog resting upon the sea, and resembling distant land.</cd> — <col><b>Fog ring</b></col>, <cd>a bank of fog arranged in a circular form, — often seen on the coast of Newfoundland.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fog</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Fogged</u> (#); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Fogging</u> (#).] <def>To envelop, as with fog; to befog; to overcast; to darken; to obscure.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fog</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <i>(Photog.)</i> <def>To show indistinctly or become indistinct, as the picture on a negative sometimes does in the process of development.</def></p>

<p><hw>Foge</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The Cornish name for a forge used for smelting tin.</def> <i>Raymond</i></p>

<p><hw>Fo'gey</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Fogy</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fog'gage</hw> (?; 48), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Agric.)</i> <def>See 1st <u>Fog</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fog'ger</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who fogs; a pettifogger.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>A beggarly <i>fogger</i>.</blockquote> <i>Terence in English(1614)</i></p>

<p><hw>Fog"gi*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a foggy manner; obscurely.</def> <i>Johnson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fog"gi*ness</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The state of being foggy.</def> <i>Johnson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fog"gy</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<pos><i>Compar.</i></pos> <u>Foggier</u> (?); <pos><i>superl.</i></pos> <u>Foggiest</u>.] [From 4th <u>Fog</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Filled or abounding with fog, or watery exhalations; misty; as, a <i>foggy</i> atmosphere; a <i>foggy</i> morning.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><! p. 578 !></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Beclouded; dull; obscure; as, <i>foggy</i> ideas.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Your coarse, <i>foggy</i>, drowsy conceit.</blockquote> <i>Hayward.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fo"gie</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Fogy</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fog"less</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Without fog; clear.</def> <i>Kane.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fo"gy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Fogies</b></plw> (&?;). <def>A dull old fellow; a person behind the times, over-conservative, or slow; — usually preceded by <i>old</i>.</def> [Written also <i>fogie</i> and <i>fogey</i>.] [Colloq.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Notorious old bore; regular old <i>fogy</i>.</blockquote> <i>Thackeray.</i></p>

<p>&fist; The word is said to be connected with the German <i>vogt</i>, a guard or protector. By others it is regarded as a diminutive of <i>folk</i> (cf. D. <i>volkje</i>). It is defined by Jamieson, in his Scottish Dictionary, as "an invalid or garrison soldier," and is applied to the old soldiers of the Royal Hospital at Dublin, which is called the <i>Fogies'</i> Hospital. In the fixed habits of such persons we see the origin of the present use of the term. <i>Sir F. Head.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fo"gy*ism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The principles and conduct of a fogy.</def> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><hw>Foh</hw> (?), <pos><i>interj.</i></pos> [Cf. <u>Faugh</u>.] <def>An exclamation of abhorrence or contempt; poh; fie.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fo"hist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A Buddhist priest. See <u>Fo</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Foi"ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [OF. <i>foible</i>. See <u>Feeble</u>.] <def>Weak; feeble.</def> [Obs.] <i>Lord Herbert.</i></p>

<p><hw>Foi"ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A moral weakness; a failing; a weak point; a frailty.</def></p>

<p><blockquote> A disposition radically noble and generous, clouded and overshadowed by superficial <i>foibles</i>.</blockquote> <i>De Quincey.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The half of a sword blade or foil blade nearest the point; — opposed to <i>forte</i>.</def> [Written also <i>faible</i>.]</p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Fault; imperfection; failing; weakness; infirmity; frailty; defect. See <u>Fault</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Foil</hw> (foil), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Foiled</u> (foild); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Foiling</u>.] [F. <i>fouler</i> to tread or trample under one's feet, to press, oppress. See <u>Full</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To tread under foot; to trample.</def></p>

<p><blockquote> King Richard . . . caused the ensigns of Leopold to be pulled down and <i>foiled</i> under foot.</blockquote> <i>Knoless.</i></p>

<p><blockquote> Whom he did all to pieces breake and <i>foyle</i>,<BR> In filthy durt, and left so in the loathely soyle.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To render (an effort or attempt) vain or nugatory; to baffle; to outwit; to balk; to frustrate; to defeat.</def></p>

<p><blockquote> And by &?; mortal man at length am <i>foiled</i>.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><blockquote> Her long locks that <i>foil</i> the painter's power.</blockquote> <i>Byron.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To blunt; to dull; to spoil; as, to <i>foil</i> the scent in chase.</def> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><hw>Foil</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [See 6th <u>File</u>.] <def>To defile; to soil.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Foil</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Failure of success when on the point of attainment; defeat; frustration; miscarriage.</def> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote> Nor e'er was fate so near a <i>foil</i>.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A blunt weapon used in fencing, resembling a smallsword in the main, but usually lighter and having a button at the point.</def></p>

<p><blockquote> Blunt as the fencer's <i>foils</i>, which hit, but hurt not.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote> Isocrates contended with a <i>foil</i> against Demosthenes with a word.</blockquote> <i>Mitford.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>The track or trail of an animal.</def></p>

<p><col><b>To run a foil</b></col>,<cd>to lead astray; to puzzle; — alluding to the habits of some animals of running back over the same track to mislead their pursuers.</cd> <i>Brewer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Foil</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>foil</i> leaf, OF. <i>foil</i>, <i>fuil</i>, <i>fueil</i>, <i>foille</i>, <i>fueille</i>, F. <i>feuille</i>, fr. L. <i>folium</i>, pl. <i>folia</i>; akin to Gr. &?; , and perh. to E. <i>blade</i>. Cf. <u>Foliage</u>, <u>Folio</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A leaf or very thin sheet of metal; as, brass <i>foil</i>; tin <i>foil</i>; gold <i>foil</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Jewelry)</i> <def>A thin leaf of sheet copper silvered and burnished, and afterwards coated with transparent colors mixed with isinglass; — employed by jewelers to give color or brilliancy to pastes and inferior stones.</def> <i>Ure.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Anything that serves by contrast of color or quality to adorn or set off another thing to advantage.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>As she a black silk cap on him began<BR> To set, for <i>foil</i> of his milk-white to serve.</blockquote> <i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Hector has a <i>foil</i> to set him off.</blockquote> <i>Broome.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>A thin coat of tin, with quicksilver, laid on the back of a looking-glass, to cause reflection.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>The space between the cusps in Gothic architecture; a rounded or leaflike ornament, in windows, niches, etc. A group of foils is called trefoil, quatrefoil, quinquefoil, etc., according to the number of arcs of which it is composed.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Foil stone</b></col>, <cd>an imitation of a jewel or precious stone.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Foil"a*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Capable of being foiled.</def></p>

<p><hw>Foil"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who foils or frustrates.</def> <i>Johnson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Foil"ing</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>A foil.</def> <i>Simmonds.</i></p>

<p><hw>Foil"ing</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>foul&eacute;es</i>. See 1st <u>Foil</u>.] <i>(Hunting)</i> <def>The track of game (as deer) in the grass.</def></p>

<p><hw>Foin</hw> (foin), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>fouine</i> a marten.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The beech marten (<i>Mustela foina</i>). See <u>Marten</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A kind of fur, black at the top on a whitish ground, taken from the ferret or weasel of the same name.</def>[Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote> He came to the stake in a fair black gown furred and faced with <i>foins</i>.</blockquote> <i>Fuller.</i></p>

<p><hw>Foin</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [OE. <i>foinen</i>, <i>foignen</i>; of uncertain origin; cf. dial. F. <i>fouiner</i> to push for eels with a spear, fr. F. <i>fouine</i> an eelspear, perh. fr. L. <i>fodere</i> to dig, thrust.] <def>To thrust with a sword or spear; to lunge.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote> He stroke, he soused, he <i>foynd</i>, he hewed, he lashed.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>They lash, they <i>foin</i>, they pass, they strive to bore<BR> Their corselets, and the thinnest parts explore.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Foin</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To prick; to st?ng.</def> [Obs.] <i>Huloet.</i></p>

<p><hw>Foin</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A pass in fencing; a lunge.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Foin"er*y</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Thrusting with the foil; fencing with the point, as distinguished from broadsword play.</def> [Obs.] <i>Marston.</i></p>

<p><hw>Foin"ing*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>With a push or thrust.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Foi"son</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>foison</i>, fr. L. <i>fusio</i> a pouring, effusion. See <u>Fusion</u>.] <def>Rich harvest; plenty; abundance.</def> [Archaic] <i>Lowell.</i></p>

<p><blockquote> That from the seedness the bare fallow brings<BR> To teeming <i>foison</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Foist</hw> (foist), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>fuste</i> stick, boat, fr. L. <i>fustis</i> cudgel. Cf. 1st <u>Fust</u>.] <def>A light and fast-sailing ship.</def> [Obs.] <i>Beau. & Fl.</i></p>

<p><hw>Foist</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Foisted</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Foisting</u>.] [Cf. OD. <i>vysten</i> to fizzle, D. <i>veesten</i>, E. <i>fizz</i>, <i>fitchet</i>, bull<i>fist</i>.] <def>To insert surreptitiously, wrongfully, or without warrant; to interpolate; to pass off (something spurious or counterfeit) as genuine, true, or worthy; — usually followed by <i>in</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote> Lest negligence or partiality might admit or <i>foist</i> in abuses and corruption.</blockquote> <i>R. Carew.</i></p>

<p><blockquote> When a scripture has been corrupted . . . by a supposititious <i>foisting</i> of some words in.</blockquote> <i>South.</i></p>

<p><hw>Foist</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A foister; a sharper.</def> [Obs.] <i>B. Jonson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A trick or fraud; a swindle.</def> [Obs.] <i>B. Jonson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Foist"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who foists something surreptitiously; a falsifier.</def> <i>Mir. for Mag.</i></p>

<p><hw>Foist"ied</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See 2d <u>Fust</u>.] <def>Fusty.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Foist"i*ness</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Fustiness; mustiness.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Foist"y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Fusty; musty.</def> [Obs.] <i>Johnson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fold</hw> (f&omacr;ld), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Folded</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Folding</u>.] [OE. <i>folden</i>, <i>falden</i>, AS. <i>fealdan</i>; akin to OHG. <i>faltan</i>, <i>faldan</i>, G. <i>falten</i>, Icel. <i>falda</i>, Dan. <i>folde</i>, Sw. <i>f&aring;lla</i>, Goth. <i>fal&thorn;an</i>, cf. Gr. <grk>di- pla`sios</grk> twofold, Skr. <i>pu&tsdot;a</i> a fold. Cf. <u>Fauteuil</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To lap or lay in plaits or folds; to lay one part over another part of; to double; as, to <i>fold</i> cloth; to <i>fold</i> a letter.</def><BR> [1913 Webster]</p>

<p><blockquote>As a vesture shalt thou <i>fold</i> them up.</blockquote> <i>Heb. i. 12.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To double or lay together, as the arms or the hands; as, he <i>folds</i> his arms in despair.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To inclose within folds or plaitings; to envelop; to infold; to clasp; to embrace.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A face <i>folded in sorrow</i>.</blockquote> <i>J. Webster.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>We will descend and <i>fold</i> him in our arms.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To cover or wrap up; to conceal.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Nor <i>fold</i> my fault in cleanly coined excuses.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fold</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To become folded, plaited, or doubled; to close over another of the same kind; to double together; as, the leaves of the door <i>fold</i>.</def> <i>1 Kings vi. 34.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fold</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From <u>Fold</u>, <pos><i>v.</i></pos> In sense 2 AS. <i>-feald</i>, akin to <i>fealdan</i> to fold.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A doubling,esp. of any flexible substance; a part laid over on another part; a plait; a plication.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Mummies . . . shrouded in a number of <i>folds</i> of linen.</blockquote> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><blockquote> <i>Folds</i> are most common in the rocks of mountainous regions.</blockquote> <i>J. D. Dana.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Times or repetitions; — used with numerals, chiefly in composition, to denote multiplication or increase in a geometrical ratio, the doubling, tripling, etc., of anything; as, four<i>fold</i>, four times, increased in a quadruple ratio, multiplied by four.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>That which is folded together, or which infolds or envelops; embrace.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Shall from your neck unloose his amorous <i>fold</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Fold net</b></col>, <cd>a kind of net used in catching birds.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fold</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>fald</i>, <i>fold</i>, AS. <i>fald</i>, <i>falod</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>An inclosure for sheep; a sheep pen.</def></p>

<p><blockquote> Leaps o'er the fence with ease into the <i>fold</i>.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A flock of sheep; figuratively, the Church or a church; as, Christ's <i>fold</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote> There shall be one <i>fold</i> and one shepherd.</blockquote> <i>John x. 16.</i></p>

<p><blockquote> The very whitest lamb in all my <i>fold</i>.</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A boundary; a limit.</def> [Obs.] <i>Creech.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Fold yard</b></col>, <cd>an inclosure for sheep or cattle.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fold</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To confine in a fold, as sheep.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fold</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To confine sheep in a fold.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote> The star that bids the shepherd <i>fold</i>.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fold"age</hw>, (&?;) <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Fold</u> inclosure, <u>Faldage</u>.] <i>(O.Eng.Law.)</i> <def>See <u>Faldage</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fold"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who, or that which, folds; esp., a flat, knifelike instrument used for folding paper.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fol"de*rol`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Nonsense.</def> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><hw>Fold"ing</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of making a fold or folds; also, a fold; a doubling; a plication.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The lower <i>foldings</i> of the vest.</blockquote> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Agric.)</i> <def>The keepig of sheep in inclosures on arable land, etc.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Folding boat</b></col>, <cd>a portable boat made by stretching canvas, etc., over jointed framework, used in campaigning, and by tourists, etc.</cd> <i>Ham. Nav. Encyc.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Folding chair</b></col>, <cd>a chair which may be shut up compactly for carriage or stowage; a camp chair.</cd> — <col><b>Folding door</b></col>, <cd>one of two or more doors filling a single and hung upon hinges.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fold"less</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having no fold.</def> <i>Milman.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fo`li*a"ceous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>foliaceus</i>, fr. <i>folium</i> leaf.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Belonging to, or having the texture or nature of, a leaf; having leaves intermixed with flowers; as, a <i>foliaceous</i> spike.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Min.)</i> <def>Consisting of leaves or thin lamin&aelig;; having the form of a leaf or plate; as, <i>foliaceous</i> spar.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Leaflike in form or mode of growth; as, a <i>foliaceous</i> coral.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fo"li*age</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>foillage</i>, <i>fueillage</i>, F. <i>feuillage</i>, fr. OF. <i>foille</i>, <i>fueille</i>, <i>fueil</i>, F. <i>feulle</i>, leaf, L. <i>folium</i>. See 3d <u>Foil</u>, and cf. <u>Foliation</u>, <u>Filemot</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Leaves, collectively, as produced or arranged by nature; leafage; as, a tree or forest of beautiful <i>foliage</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A cluster of leaves, flowers, and branches; especially, the representation of leaves, flowers, and branches, in architecture, intended to ornament and enrich capitals, friezes, pediments, etc.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Foliage plant</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>any plant cultivated for the beauty of its leaves, as many kinds of <i>Begonia</i> and <i>Coleus</i>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fo"li*age</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To adorn with foliage or the imitation of foliage; to form into the representation of leaves.</def> [R.] <i>Drummond.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fo"li*aged</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Furnished with foliage; leaved; as, the variously <i>foliaged</i> mulberry.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fo"li*ar</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Consisting of, or pertaining to, leaves; as, <i>foliar</i> appendages.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Foliar gap</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>an opening in the fibrovascular system of a stem at the point of origin of a leaf.</cd> — <col><b>Foliar trace</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>a particular fibrovascular bundle passing down into the stem from a leaf.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fo"li*ate</hw> (&?;), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>foliatus</i> leaved, leafy, fr. <i>folium</i> leaf. See <u>Foliage</u>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Furnished with leaves; leafy; as, a <i>foliate</i> stalk.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Foliate curve</b></col>. <i>(Geom.)</i> <cd>Same as <u>Folium</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fo"li*ate</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Foliated</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Foliating</u> (?).] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To beat into a leaf, or thin plate.</def> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To spread over with a thin coat of tin and quicksilver; as, to <i>foliate</i> a looking-glass.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fo"li*a`ted</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Having leaves, or leaflike projections; as, a <i>foliated</i> shell.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>Containing, or consisting of, foils; as, a <i>foliated</i> arch.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Min.)</i> <def>Characterized by being separable into thin plates or folia; as, graphite has a <i>foliated</i> structure.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Geol.)</i> <def>Laminated, but restricted to the variety of laminated structure found in crystalline schist, as mica schist, etc.; schistose.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>Spread over with an amalgam of tin and quicksilver.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Foliated telluium</b></col>. <i>(Min.)</i> <cd>See <u>Nagyagite</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fo"li*a"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>foliation</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The process of forming into a leaf or leaves.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The manner in which the young leaves are dispo&?;ed within the bud.</def></p>

<p><blockquote> The . . . <i>foliation</i> must be in relation to the stem.</blockquote> <i>De Quincey.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>The act of beating a metal into a thin plate, leaf, foil, or lamina.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>The act of coating with an amalgam of tin foil and quicksilver, as in making looking-glasses.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>The enrichment of an opening by means of foils, arranged in trefoils, quatrefoils, etc.; also, one of the ornaments. See <u>Tracery</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <i>(Geol.)</i> <def>The property, possessed by some crystalline rocks, of dividing into plates or slabs, which is due to the cleavage structure of one of the constituents, as mica or hornblende. It may sometimes include slaty structure or cleavage, though the latter is usually independent of any mineral constituent, and transverse to the bedding, it having been produced by pressure.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fo"li*a*ture</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>foliatura</i> foliage.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Foliage; leafage.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shuckford.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The state of being beaten into foil.</def> <i>Johnson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fo"li*er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Goldsmith's foil.</def> [R.] <i>Sprat.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fo*lif"er*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>folium</i> leaf+ <i>-ferous</i>: cf. F. <i>foliif&egrave;re</i>.] <def>Producing leaves.</def> [Written also <i>foliiferous</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Fol"i*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Foolishly.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fol"io</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Folios</b></plw> (#). [Ablative of L. <i>folium</i> leaf. See 4th <u>Foil</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A leaf of a book or manuscript.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A sheet of paper once folded.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A book made of sheets of paper each folded once (four pages to the sheet); hence, a book of the largest kind. See Note under <u>Paper</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Print.)</i> <def>The page number. The even folios are on the left-hand pages and the odd folios on the right- hand.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>A page of a book; <i>(Bookkeeping)</i> a page in an account book; sometimes, two opposite pages bearing the same serial number.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <i>(Law)</i> <def>A leaf containing a certain number of words, hence, a certain number of words in a writing, as in England, in law proceedings 72, and in chancery, 90; in New York, 100 words.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Folio post</b></col>, <cd>a flat writing paper, usually 17 by 24 inches.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fol"io</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To put a serial number on each folio or page of (a book); to page.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fol"io</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Formed of sheets each folded once, making two leaves, or four pages; as, a <i>folio</i> volume. See <u>Folio</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, 3.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fo"li*o*late</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to leaflets; — used in composition; as, bi- <i>foliolate</i>.</def> <i>Gray.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fo"li*ole</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Dim. of L. <i>folium</i> leaf: cf. F. <i>foliole</i>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>One of the distinct parts of a compound leaf; a leaflet.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fo`li*o*mort"</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Feuillemort</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fo`li*ose"</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>foliosus</i>, fr. <i>folium</i> leaf.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Having many leaves; leafy.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fo`li*os"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The ponderousness or bulk of a folio; voluminousness.</def> [R.] <i>De Quincey.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fo"li*ous</hw> (&?;), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See <u>Foliose</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Like a leaf; thin; unsubstantial.</def> [R.] <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Foliose.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Fo"li*um</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> E. <plw><b>Foliums</b></plw> (#), L. <plw><b>Folia</b></plw> (#). [L., a leaf.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A leaf, esp. a thin leaf or plate.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Geom.)</i> <def>A curve of the third order, consisting of two infinite branches, which have a common asymptote. The curve has a double point, and a leaf-shaped loop; whence the name. Its equation is <i>x<sup>3</sup> + y<sup>3</sup> = axy</i>.</def></p>

<p><! p. 579 !></p>

<p>{ <hw>Folk</hw> (f&omacr;k), <hw>Folks</hw> (f&omacr;ks) }, <pos><i>n. collect. & pl.</i></pos> [AS. <i>folc</i>; akin to D. <i>volk</i>, OS. & OHG. <i>folk</i>, G. <i>volk</i>, Icel. <i>f&omacr;lk</i>, Sw. & Dan. <i>folk</i>, Lith. <i>pulkas</i> crowd, and perh. to E. <i>follow</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Eng. Hist.)</i> <def>In Anglo-Saxon times, the people of a group of townships or villages; a community; a tribe.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>The organization of each <i>folk</i>, as such, sprang mainly from war.</blockquote> <i>J. R. Green.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>People in general, or a separate class of people; — generally used in the plural form, and often with a qualifying adjective; as, the old <i>folks</i>; poor <i>folks</i>.</def> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><blockquote>In winter's tedious nights, sit by the fire<BR> With good old <i>folks</i>, and let them tell thee tales.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>The persons of one's own family; as, our <i>folks</i> are all well.</def> [Colloq. New Eng.] <i>Bartlett.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Folk song</b></col>, <cd>one of a class of songs long popular with the common people.</cd> — <col><b>Folk speech</b></col>, <cd>the speech of the common people, as distinguished from that of the educated class.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Folk"land`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>folcland</i>.] <i>(O.Eng. Law)</i> <def>Land held in villenage, being distributed among the <i>folk</i>, or people, at the pleasure of the lord of the manor, and resumed at his discretion. Not being held by any assurance in writing, it was opposed to <i>book</i>land or <i>charter</i> land, which was held by deed.</def> <i>Mozley & W.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Folk"lore`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, or <hw>Folk" lore`</hw> }. <def>Tales, legends, or superstitions long current among the people.</def> <i>Trench.</i></p>

<p><hw>Folk"mote`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>folcm&omacr;t</i> folk meeting.] <def>An assembly of the people</def>; esp. <i>(Sax. Law)</i>, <def>a general assembly of the people to consider and order matters of the commonwealth; also, a local court.</def> [Hist.]</p>

<p><blockquote>To which <i>folkmote</i> they all with one consent<BR> Agreed to travel.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Folk"mot`er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who takes part in a folkmote, or local court.</def> [Obs.] <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fol"li*cle</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>folliculus</i> a small bag, husk, pod, dim of <i>follis</i> bellows, an inflated ball, a leathern money bag, perh. akin to E. <i>bellows</i>: cf. F. <i>follicule</i>. Cf. 2d <u>Fool</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A simple podlike pericarp which contains several seeds and opens along the inner or ventral suture, as in the peony, larkspur and milkweed.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Anat.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A small cavity, tubular depression, or sac; as, a hair <i>follicle</i>.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A simple gland or glandular cavity; a crypt.</def> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <def>A small mass of adenoid tissue; as, a lymphatic <i>follicle</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fol*lic"u*lar</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Like, pertaining to, or consisting of, a follicles or follicles.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Affecting the follicles; as, <i>follicular</i> pharyngitis.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fol*lic"u*la`ted</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having follicles.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fol*lic"u*lous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>folliculosus</i> full of husks: cf. F. <i>folliculeux</i>.] <def>Having or producing follicles.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fol"li*ful</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Full of folly.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Fol"low</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Followed</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Following</u>.][OE. <i>foluwen</i>, <i>folwen</i>, <i>folgen</i>, AS. <i>folgian</i>, <i>fylgean</i>, <i>fylgan</i>; akin to D. <i>volgen</i>, OHG. <i>folg&?;n</i>, G. <i>folgen</i>, Icel. <i>fylgja</i>, Sw. <i>f&ouml;lja</i>, Dan. <i>f&ouml;lge</i>, and perh. to E. <i>folk</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To go or come after; to move behind in the same path or direction; hence, to go with (a leader, guide, etc.); to accompany; to attend.</def></p>

<p><blockquote> It waves me forth again; I'll <i>follow</i> it.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To endeavor to overtake; to go in pursuit of; to chase; to pursue; to prosecute.</def></p>

<p><blockquote> I will harden the hearts of the Egyptians, and they shall <i>follow</i> them.</blockquote> <i>Ex. xiv. 17.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To accept as authority; to adopt the opinions of; to obey; to yield to; to take as a rule of action; as, to <i>follow</i> good advice.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Approve the best, and <i>follow</i> what I approve</blockquote>. <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Follow</i> peace with all men.</blockquote> <i>Heb. xii. 14.</i></p>

<p><blockquote> It is most agreeable to some men to <i>follow</i> their reason; and to others to <i>follow</i> their appetites.</blockquote> <i>J. Edwards.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To copy after; to take as an example.</def></p>

<p><blockquote> We had rather <i>follow</i> the perfections of them whom we like not, than in defects resemble them whom we love.</blockquote> <i>Hooker.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>To succeed in order of time, rank, or office.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>To result from, as an effect from a cause, or an inference from a premise.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <def>To watch, as a receding object; to keep the eyes fixed upon while in motion; to keep the mind upon while in progress, as a speech, musical performance, etc.; also, to keep up with; to understand the meaning, connection, or force of, as of a course of thought or argument.</def></p>

<p><blockquote> He <i>followed</i> with his eyes the flitting shade.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>8.</b></sn> <def>To walk in, as a road or course; to attend upon closely, as a profession or calling.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>O, had I but <i>followed</i> the arts!</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>O Antony! I have <i>followed</i> thee to this.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Follow board</b></col> <i>(Founding)</i>, <cd>a board on which the pattern and the flask lie while the sand is rammed into the flask.</cd> <i>Knight.</i> — <col><b>To follow the hounds</b></col>, <cd>to hunt with dogs.</cd> — <col><b>To follow suit</b></col> <i>(Card Playing)</i>, <cd>to play a card of the same suit as the leading card; hence, colloquially, to follow an example set.</cd> — <col><b>To follow up</b></col>, <cd>to pursue indefatigably.</cd></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b>- To pursue; chase; go after; attend; accompany; succeed; imitate; copy; embrace; maintain. - To <u>Follow</u>, <u>Pursue</u>. To <i>follow</i> (v.t.) denotes simply to go after; to <i>pursue</i> denotes to follow with earnestness, and with a view to attain some definite object; as, a hound <i>pursues</i> the deer. So a person <i>follows</i> a companion whom he wishes to overtake on a journey; the officers of justice <i>pursue</i> a felon who has escaped from prison.</p>

<p><hw>Fol"low</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To go or come after; — used in the various senses of the transitive verb: To pursue; to attend; to accompany; to be a result; to imitate.</def></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b>- To <u>Follow</u>, <u>Succeed</u>, <u>Ensue</u>. To <i>follow</i> (v.i.) means simply to come after; as, a crowd <i>followed</i>. <i>To succeed</i> means to come after in some regular series or succession; as, day <i>succeeds</i> to day, and night to night. To <i>ensue</i> means to follow by some established connection or principle of sequence. As wave <i>follows</i> wave, revolution <i>succeeds</i> to revolution; and nothing <i>ensues</i> but accumulated wretchedness.</p>

<p><hw>Fol"low*er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>folwere</i>, AS. <i>folgere</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who follows; a pursuer; an attendant; a disciple; a dependent associate; a retainer.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A sweetheart; a beau.</def> [Colloq.] <i>A. Trollope.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Steam Engine)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The removable flange, or cover, of a piston. See <i>Illust.</i> of <u>Piston</u>.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A gland. See <i>Illust.</i> of <u>Stuffing box</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Mach.)</i> <def>The part of a machine that receives motion from another part. See <u>Driver</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>Among law stationers, a sheet of parchment or paper which is added to the first sheet of an indenture or other deed.</def></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Imitator; copier; disciple; adherent; partisan; dependent; attendant.</p>

<p><hw>Fol"low*ing</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One's followers, adherents, or dependents, collectively.</def> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Vocation; business; profession.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fol"low*ing</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Next after; succeeding; ensuing; as, the assembly was held on the <i>following</i> day.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Astron.)</i> <def>(In the field of a telescope) In the direction from which stars are apparently moving (in consequence of the earth's rotation); as, a small star, north <i>following</i> or south <i>following</i>. In the direction toward which stars appear to move is called <i>preceding</i>.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The four principal directions in the field of a telescope are <i>north</i>, <i>south</i>, <i>following</i>, <i>preceding</i>.</p>

<p><hw>Fol"ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Follies</b></plw> (#). [OE. <i>folie</i>, <i>foli</i>, F. <i>folie</i>, fr. <i>fol</i>, <i>fou</i>, foolish, mad. See <u>Fool</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The state of being foolish; want of good sense; levity, weakness, or derangement of mind.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A foolish act; an inconsiderate or thoughtless procedure; weak or light-minded conduct; foolery.</def></p>

<p><blockquote> What <i>folly</i> 'tis to hazard life for ill.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Scandalous crime; sin; specifically, as applied to a woman, wantonness.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>[Achan] wrought <i>folly</i> in Israel.</blockquote> <i>Josh. vii. 15.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>When lovely woman stoops to <i>folly</i>.</blockquote> <i>Goldsmith.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>The result of a foolish action or enterprise.</def></p>

<p><blockquote> It is called this man's or that man's "<i>folly</i>," and name of the foolish builder is thus kept alive for long after years.</blockquote> <i>Trench.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fol"we</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To follow.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fo"mal*haut`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Ar., prop., mouth of the large fish: cf. F. <i>Fomalhaut</i>.] <i>(Astron.)</i> <def>A star of the first magnitude, in the constellation <i>Piscis Australis</i>, or Southern Fish.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fo*ment"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Fomented</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Fomenting</u>.] [F. <i>fomenter</i>, fr. L. <i>fomentare</i>, fr. <i>fomentum</i> (for <i>fovimentum</i>) a warm application or lotion, fr. <i>fovere</i> to warm or keep warm; perh. akin to Gr. &?; to roast, and E. <i>bake</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To apply a warm lotion to; to bathe with a cloth or sponge wet with warm water or medicated liquid.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To cherish with heat; to foster.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Which these soft fires . . . <i>foment</i> and warm.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To nurse to life or activity; to cherish and promote by excitements; to encourage; to abet; to instigate; — used often in a bad sense; as, to <i>foment</i> ill humors.</def> <i>Locke.</i></p>

<p><blockquote> But quench the choler you <i>foment</i> in vain.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><blockquote> Exciting and <i>fomenting</i> a religious rebellion.</blockquote> <i>Southey.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fo`men*ta"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [&?;. <i>fomentatio</i>: cf. F. <i>fomentation</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Med.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The act of fomenting; the application of warm, soft, medicinal substances, as for the purpose of easing pain, by relaxing the skin, or of discussing tumors.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The lotion applied to a diseased part.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Excitation; instigation; encouragement.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Dishonest <i>fomentation</i> of your pride.</blockquote> <i>Young.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fo*ment"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who foments; one who encourages or instigates; as, a <i>fomenter</i> of sedition.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Fo"mes</hw> (f&omacr;"m&emacr;z), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Fomites</b></plw> (f&obreve;m"&ibreve;*t&emacr;z). [L. <i>fomes</i>, <i>-itis</i>, touch-wood, tinder.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Any substance supposed to be capable of absorbing, retaining, and transporting contagious or infectious germs; as, woolen clothes are said to be active <i>fomites</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fon</hw> (f&obreve;n), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Of Scand. origin; cf. Icel. <i>f&amacr;ni</i> silly, <i>f&amacr;na</i> to act silly, Sw. <i>f&aring;ne</i> fool. Cf. <u>Fond</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <def>A fool; an idiot.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fond</hw> (?), obs. <def><pos><i>imp.</i></pos> of <u>Find</u>. Found.</def> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fond</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<pos><i>Compar.</i></pos> <u>Fonder</u> (?); <pos><i>superl.</i></pos> <u>Fondest</u>.] [For <i>fonned</i>, p. p. of OE. <i>fonnen</i> to be foolish. See <u>Fon</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Foolish; silly; simple; weak.</def> [Archaic]</p>

<p><blockquote>Grant I may never prove so <i>fond</i><BR> To trust man on his oath or bond.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Foolishly tender and loving; weakly indulgent; over-affectionate.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Affectionate; loving; tender; — in a good sense; as, a <i>fond</i> mother or wife.</def> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Loving; much pleased; affectionately regardful, indulgent, or desirous; longing or yearning; — followed by <i>of</i> (formerly also by <i>on</i>).</def></p>

<p><blockquote> More <i>fond</i> on her than she upon her love.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote> You are as <i>fond</i> of grief as of your child.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote> A great traveler, and <i>fond</i> of telling his adventures.</blockquote> <i>Irving.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>Doted on; regarded with affection.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote> Nor fix on <i>fond</i> abodes to circumscribe thy prayer.</blockquote> <i>Byron.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>Trifling; valued by folly; trivial.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fond</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To caress; to fondle.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote> The Tyrian hugs and <i>fonds</i> thee on her breast.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fond</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To be fond; to dote.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fond"e</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t. & i.</i></pos> [AS. <i>fandian</i> to try.] <def>To endeavor; to strive; to try.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fon"dle</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Fondled</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Fondling</u> (?).] [From <u>Fond</u>, <pos><i>v.</i></pos>] <def>To treat or handle with tenderness or in a loving manner; to caress; as, a nurse <i>fondles</i> a child.</def></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — See <u>Caress</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Fon"dler</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who fondles.</def> <i>Johnson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fon"dling</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From <u>Fondle</u>.] <def>The act of caressing; manifestation of tenderness.</def></p>

<p><blockquote> Cyrus made no . . . amorous <i>fondling</i><BR> To fan her pride, or melt her guardless heart.</blockquote> <i>Mickle.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fond"ling</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Fond</i> + <i>- ling</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A person or thing fondled or caressed; one treated with foolish or doting affection.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Fondlings</i> are in danger to be made fools.</blockquote> <i>L'Estrange.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A fool; a simpleton; a ninny.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chapman.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fond"ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Foolishly.</def> [Archaic] <i>Verstegan (1673).</i></p>

<p><blockquote> Make him speak <i>fondly</i> like a frantic man.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>In a fond manner; affectionately; tenderly.</def></p>

<p><blockquote> My heart, untraveled, <i>fondly</i> turns to thee.</blockquote> <i>Goldsmith.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fond"ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The quality or state of being fond; foolishness.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote><i>Fondness</i> it were for any, being free,<BR> To covet fetters, though they golden be.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Doting affection; tender liking; strong appetite, propensity, or relish; as, he had a <i>fondness</i> for truffles.</def></p>

<p><blockquote> My heart had still some foolish <i>fondness</i> for thee.</blockquote> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Attachment; affection; love; kindness.</p>

<p><hw>Fon"don</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>fondant</i> flux.] <i>(Metal.)</i> <def>A large copper vessel used for hot amalgamation.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Fon`dus"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>fondu</i>, prop. p. p. of <i>fondre</i> to melt, blend. See <u>Found</u> to cast.] <def>A style of printing calico, paper hangings, etc., in which the colors are in bands and graduated into each other.</def> <i>Ure.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fone</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <def><pos><i>pl.</i></pos> of <u>Foe</u>.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fong"e</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [See <u>Fang</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>] <def>To take; to receive.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fon"ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> [See <u>Fon</u>.] <def>Foolishly; fondly.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fon"ne</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A fon.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Font</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>fonte</i>, fr. <i>fondre</i> to melt or cast. See <u>Found</u> to cast, and cf. <u>Fount</u> a font.] <i>(Print.)</i> <def>A complete assortment of printing type of one size, including a due proportion of all the letters in the alphabet, large and small, points, accents, and whatever else is necessary for printing with that variety of types; a fount.</def></p>

<p><hw>Font</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>font</i>, <i>fant</i>, fr. L. <i>fons</i>, <i>fontis</i>, spring, fountain; cf. OF. <i>font</i>, <i>funt</i>, F. <i>fonts</i>, <i>fonts baptismaux</i>, pl. See <u>Fount</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A fountain; a spring; a source.</def></p>

<p><blockquote> Bathing forever in the <i>font</i> of bliss.</blockquote> <i>Young.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A basin or stone vessel in which water is contained for baptizing.</def></p>

<p><blockquote> That name was given me at the <i>font</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Font"al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pertaining to a font, fountain, source, or origin; original; primitive.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote> From the <i>fontal</i> light of ideas only can a man draw intellectual power.</blockquote> <i>Coleridge.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fon"ta*nel`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>fontanelle</i>, prop., a little fountain, fr. <i>fontaine</i> fountain. See <u>Fountain</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>An issue or artificial ulcer for the discharge of humors from the body.</def>[Obs.] <i>Wiseman.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>One of the membranous intervals between the incompleted angles of the parietal and neighboring bones of a fetal or young skull; — so called because it exhibits a rhythmical pulsation.</def></p>

<p>&fist; In the human fetus there are six fontanels, of which the anterior, or bregmatic, situated at the junction of the coronal and sagittal sutures, is much the largest, and remains open a considerable time after birth.</p>

<p><hw>||Fon`ta`nelle"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Fontanel</u>, 2.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Fon`tange"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., from the name of the first wearer, Mlle. de <i>Fontanges</i>, about 1679.] <def>A kind of tall headdress formerly worn.</def> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><hw>Food</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>fode</i>, AS. <i>f&omacr;da</i>; akin to Icel. <i>f&aelig;&eth;a</i>, <i>f&aelig;&eth;i</i>, Sw. <i>f&ouml;da</i>, Dan. & LG. <i>f&ouml;de</i>, OHG. <i>fatunga</i>, Gr. <grk>patei^sthai</grk> to eat, and perh. to Skr. <i>p&amacr;</i> to protect, L. <i>pascere</i> to feed, pasture, <i>pabulum</i> food, E. <i>pasture</i>. &radic;75. Cf. <u>Feed</u>, <u>Fodder</u> food, <u>Foster</u> to cherish.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>What is fed upon; that which goes to support life by being received within, and assimilated by, the organism of an animal or a plant; nutriment; aliment; especially, what is eaten by animals for nourishment.</def></p>

<p>&fist; In a physiological sense, true aliment is to be distinguished as that portion of the food which is capable of being digested and absorbed into the blood, thus furnishing nourishment, in distinction from the indigestible matter which passes out through the alimentary canal as f&aelig;ces.</p>

<p>&fist; Foods are divided into two main groups: <i>nitrogenous</i>, or <i>proteid</i>, foods, <i>i.e.</i>, those which contain nitrogen, and <i>nonnitrogenous</i>, <i>i.e.</i>, those which do not contain nitrogen. The latter group embraces the fats and carbohydrates, which collectively are sometimes termed <i>heat producers</i> or <i>respiratory foods</i>, since by oxidation in the body they especially subserve the production of heat. The proteids, on the other hand, are known as <i>plastic foods</i> or <i>tissue formers</i>, since no tissue can be formed without them. These latter terms, however, are misleading, since proteid foods may also give rise to heat both directly and indirectly, and the fats and carbohydrates are useful in other ways than in producing heat.</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Anything that instructs the intellect, excites the feelings, or molds habits of character; that which nourishes.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>This may prove <i>food</i> to my displeasure.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>In this moment there is life and <i>food</i><BR> For future years.</blockquote> <i>Wordsworth.</i></p>

<p>&fist; <i>Food</i> is often used adjectively or in self-explaining compounds, as in <i>food</i> fish or <i>food</i>-fish, <i>food</i> supply.</p>

<p><col><b>Food vacuole</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>one of the spaces in the interior of a protozoan in which food is contained, during digestion.</cd> — <col><b>Food yolk</b></col>. <i>(Biol.)</i> <cd>See under <u>Yolk</u>.</cd></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Aliment; sustenance; nutriment; feed; fare; victuals; provisions; meat.</p>

<p><hw>Food</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To supply with food.</def> [Obs.] <i>Baret.</i></p>

<p><! p. 580 !></p>

<p><hw>Food"ful</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Full of food; supplying food; fruitful; fertile.</def> "The <i>foodful</i> earth." <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Bent by its <i>foodful</i> burden [the corn].</blockquote> <i>Glover.</i></p>

<p><hw>Food"less</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Without food; barren.</def> <i>Sandys.</i></p>

<p><hw>Food"y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Eatable; fruitful.</def> [R.] <i>Chapman.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fool</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>fouler</i> to tread, crush. Cf. 1st <u>Foil</u>.] <def>A compound of gooseberries scalded and crushed, with cream; — commonly called <i>gooseberry fool</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fool</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>fol</i>, n. & adj., F. <i>fol</i>, <i>fou</i>, foolish, mad; a fool, prob. fr. L. <i>follis</i> a bellows, wind bag, an inflated ball; perh. akin to E. <i>bellows</i>. Cf. <u>Folly</u>, <u>Follicle</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One destitute of reason, or of the common powers of understanding; an idiot; a natural.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A person deficient in intellect; one who acts absurdly, or pursues a course contrary to the dictates of wisdom; one without judgment; a simpleton; a dolt.</def></p>

<p><blockquote> Extol not riches, then, the toil of <i>fools</i>.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote> Experience keeps a dear school, but <i>fools</i> will learn in no <i>other</i>.</blockquote> <i>Franklin.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Script.)</i> <def>One who acts contrary to moral and religious wisdom; a wicked person.</def></p>

<p><blockquote> The <i>fool</i> hath said in his heart, There is no God.</blockquote> <i>Ps. xiv. 1.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>One who counterfeits folly; a professional jester or buffoon; a retainer formerly kept to make sport, dressed fantastically in motley, with ridiculous accouterments.</def></p>

<p><blockquote> Can they think me . . . their <i>fool</i> or jester?</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><col><b>April fool</b></col>, <col><b>Court fool</b></col>, etc. <cd>See under <u>April</u>, <u>Court</u>, etc.</cd> — <col><b>Fool's cap</b></col>, <cd>a cap or hood to which bells were usually attached, formerly worn by professional jesters.</cd> — <col><b>Fool's errand</b></col>, <cd>an unreasonable, silly, profitless adventure or undertaking.</cd> — <col><b>Fool's gold</b></col>, <cd>iron or copper pyrites, resembling gold in color.</cd> — <col><b>Fool's paradise</b></col>, <cd>a name applied to a limbo (see under <u>Limbo</u>) popularly believed to be the region of vanity and nonsense. Hence, any foolish pleasure or condition of vain self-satistaction.</cd> — <col><b>Fool's parsley</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>an annual umbelliferous plant (<i>&AElig;thusa Cynapium</i>) resembling parsley, but nauseous and poisonous.</cd> — <col><b>To make a fool of</b></col>, <cd>to render ridiculous; to outwit; to shame.</cd> [Colloq.] — <col><b>To play the fool</b></col>, <cd>to act the buffoon; to act a foolish part.</cd> "I have <i>played the fool</i>, and have erred exceedingly." <i>1 Sam. xxvi. 21.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fool</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Fooled</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Fooling</u>.] <def>To play the fool; to trifle; to toy; to spend time in idle sport or mirth.</def> </p>

<p><blockquote>Is this a time for <i>fooling</i>?</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fool</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To infatuate; to make foolish.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>For, <i>fooled</i> with hope, men favor the deceit.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To use as a fool; to deceive in a shameful or mortifying manner; to impose upon; to cheat by inspiring foolish confidence; as, to <i>fool</i> one out of his money.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>You are <i>fooled</i>, discarded, and shook off<BR> By him for whom these shames ye underwent.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><col><b>To fool away</b></col>, <cd>to get rid of foolishly; to spend in trifles, idleness, folly, or without advantage.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Foo"lahs`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos>; sing. <singw><b>Foolah</b></singw>. <i>(Ethnol.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Fulahs</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fool"-born`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Begotten by a fool.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fool"er*y</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Fooleries</b></plw> (&?;). <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The practice of folly; the behavior of a fool; absurdity.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Folly in fools bears not so strong a note,<BR> As <i>foolery</i> in the wise, when wit doth dote.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>An act of folly or weakness; a foolish practice; something absurd or nonsensical.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>That Pythagoras, Plato, or Orpheus, believed in any of these <i>fooleries</i>, it can not be suspected.</blockquote> <i>Sir W. Raleigh.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fool"fish`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The orange filefish. See <u>Filefish</u>.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The winter flounder. See <u>Flounder</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fool"-hap`py</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Lucky, without judgment or contrivance.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fool"har`di*hood</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The state of being foolhardy; foolhardiness.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fool"har`di*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a foolhardy manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fool"har`di*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Courage without sense or judgment; foolish rashness; recklessness.</def> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fool"har`dise</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Fool</i>, F. <i>fol</i>, <i>fou</i> + F. <i>hardiesse</i> boldness.] <def>Foolhardiness.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fool"har`dy</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [OF. <i>folhardi</i>. See <u>Fool</u> idiot, and <u>Hardy</u>.] <def>Daring without judgment; foolishly adventurous and bold.</def> <i>Howell.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Rash; venturesome; venturous; precipitate; reckless; headlong; incautious. See <u>Rash</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Fool"-has`ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Foolishly hasty.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Fool"i*fy</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<i>Fool</i> + <i>-fy</i>.] <def>To make a fool of; to befool.</def> [R.] <i>Holland.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fool"ish</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Marked with, or exhibiting, folly; void of understanding; weak in intellect; without judgment or discretion; silly; unwise.</def></p>

<p><blockquote> I am a very <i>foolish</i> fond old man.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Such as a fool would do; proceeding from weakness of mind or silliness; exhibiting a want of judgment or discretion; as, a <i>foolish</i> act.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Absurd; ridiculous; despicable; contemptible.</def></p>

<p><blockquote> A <i>foolish</i> figure he must make.</blockquote> <i>Prior.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Absurd; shallow; shallow-brained; brainless; simple; irrational; unwise; imprudent; indiscreet; incautious; silly; ridiculous; vain; trifling; contemptible. See <u>Absurd</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Fool"ish*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a foolish manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fool"ish*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The quality of being foolish.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A foolish practice; an absurdity.</def></p>

<p><blockquote> The preaching of the cross is to them that perish <i>foolishness</i>.</blockquote> <i>1 Cor. i. 18.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fool"-large`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [OF. <i>follarge</i>. See <u>Fool</u>, and <u>Large</u>.] <def>Foolishly liberal.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fool"-lar*gesse`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Fool- large</u>, <u>Largess</u>.] <def>Foolish expenditure; waste.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fools"cap`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [So called from the watermark of a <i>fool's cap and bells</i> used by old paper makers. See <i>Fool's cap</i>, under <u>Fool</u>.] <def>A writing paper made in sheets, ordinarily 16 x 13 inches, and folded so as to make a page 13 x 8 inches. See <u>Paper</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Foot</hw> (f&oocr;t), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Feet</b></plw> (f&emacr;t). [OE. <i>fot</i>, <i>foot</i>, pl. <i>fet</i>, <i>feet</i>. AS. <i>f&omacr;t</i>, pl. <i>f&emacr;t</i>; akin to D. <i>voet</i>, OHG. <i>fuoz</i>, G. <i>fuss</i>, Icel. <i>f&omacr;tr</i>, Sw. <i>fot</i>, Dan. <i>fod</i>, Goth. <i>f&omacr;tus</i>, L. <i>pes</i>, Gr. <grk>poy`s</grk>, Skr. <i>p&amacr;d</i>, Icel. <i>fet</i> step, pace measure of a foot, <i>feta</i> to step, find one's way. &radic;77, 250. Cf. <u>Antipodes</u>, <u>Cap-a-pie</u>, <u>Expedient</u>, <u>Fet</u> to fetch, <u>Fetlock</u>, <u>Fetter</u>, <u>Pawn</u> a piece in chess, <u>Pedal</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>The terminal part of the leg of man or an animal; esp., the part below the ankle or wrist; that part of an animal upon which it rests when standing, or moves. See <u>Manus</u>, and <u>Pes</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The muscular locomotive organ of a mollusk. It is a median organ arising from the ventral region of body, often in the form of a flat disk, as in snails. See <i>Illust.</i> of <u>Buccinum</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>That which corresponds to the foot of a man or animal; as, the <i>foot</i> of a table; the <i>foot</i> of a stocking.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>The lowest part or base; the ground part; the bottom, as of a mountain or column; also, the last of a row or series; the end or extremity, esp. if associated with inferiority; as, the <i>foot</i> of a hill; the <i>foot</i> of the procession; the <i>foot</i> of a class; the <i>foot</i> of the bed.</def></p>

<p><blockquote> And now at <i>foot</i><BR> Of heaven's ascent they lift their feet.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>Fundamental principle; basis; plan; — used only in the singular.</def></p>

<p><blockquote> Answer directly upon the <i>foot</i> of dry reason.</blockquote> <i>Berkeley.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>Recognized condition; rank; footing; — used only in the singular.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote> As to his being on the <i>foot</i> of a servant.</blockquote> <i>Walpole.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <def>A measure of length equivalent to twelve inches; one third of a yard. See <u>Yard</u>.</def></p>

<p>&fist; This measure is supposed to be taken from the length of a man's foot. It differs in length in different countries. In the United States and in England it is 304.8 millimeters.</p>

<p><sn><b>8.</b></sn> <i>(Mil.)</i> <def>Soldiers who march and fight on foot; the infantry, usually designated as <i>the foot</i>, in distinction from the cavalry.</def> "Both horse and <i>foot</i>." <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>9.</b></sn> <i>(Pros.)</i> <def>A combination of syllables consisting a metrical element of a verse, the syllables being formerly distinguished by their quantity or length, but in modern poetry by the accent.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>10.</b></sn> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>The lower edge of a sail.</def></p>

<p>&fist; <i>Foot</i> is often used adjectively, signifying <i>of or pertaining to a foot or the feet</i>, <i>or to the base or lower part</i>. It is also much used as the first of compounds.</p>

<p> <col><b>Foot artillery</b></col>. <i>(Mil.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>Artillery soldiers serving in foot.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>Heavy artillery.</cd> <i>Farrow.</i> — <col><b>Foot bank</b></col> <i>(Fort.)</i>, <cd>a raised way within a parapet.</cd> — <col><b>Foot barracks</b></col> <i>(Mil.)</i>, <cd>barracks for infantery.</cd> — <col><b>Foot bellows</b></col>, <cd>a bellows worked by a treadle.</cd> <i>Knight.</i> — <col><b>Foot company</b></col> <i>(Mil.)</i>, <cd>a company of infantry.</cd> <i>Milton.</i> — <col><b>Foot gear</b></col>, <cd>covering for the feet, as stocking, shoes, or boots.</cd> — <col><b>Foot hammer</b></col> <i>(Mach.)</i>, <cd>a small tilt hammer moved by a treadle.</cd> — <col><b>Foot iron</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>The step of a carriage.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>A fetter.</cd> — <col><b>Foot jaw</b></col>. <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <cd>See <u>Maxilliped</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Foot key</b></col> <i>(Mus.)</i>, <cd>an organ pedal.</cd> — <col><b>Foot level</b></col> <i>(Gunnery)</i>, <cd>a form of level used in giving any proposed angle of elevation to a piece of ordnance.</cd> <i>Farrow.</i> — <col><b>Foot mantle</b></col>, <cd>a long garment to protect the dress in riding; a riding skirt.</cd> [Obs.] — <col><b>Foot page</b></col>, <cd>an errand boy; an attendant.</cd> [Obs.] — <col><b>Foot passenger</b></col>, <cd>one who passes on foot, as over a road or bridge.</cd> — <col><b>Foot pavement</b></col>, <cd>a paved way for foot passengers; a footway; a trottoir.</cd> — <col><b>Foot poet</b></col>, <cd>an inferior poet; a poetaster.</cd> [R.] <i>Dryden.</i> — <col><b>Foot post</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>A letter carrier who travels on foot.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>A mail delivery by means of such carriers.</cd> — <col><b>Fot pound</b></col>, &and; <col><b>Foot poundal</b></col>. <i>(Mech.)</i> <cd>See <u>Foot pound</u> and <u>Foot poundal</u>, in the Vocabulary.</cd> — <col><b>Foot press</b></col> <i>(Mach.)</i>, <cd>a cutting, embossing, or printing press, moved by a treadle.</cd> — <col><b>Foot race</b></col>, <cd>a race run by persons on foot.</cd> <i>Cowper.</i> — <col><b>Foot rail</b></col>, <cd>a railroad rail, with a wide flat flange on the lower side.</cd> — <col><b>Foot rot</b></col>, <cd>an ulcer in the feet of sheep; claw sickness.</cd> — <col><b>Foot rule</b></col>, <cd>a rule or measure twelve inches long.</cd> — <col><b>Foot screw</b></col>, <cd>an adjusting screw which forms a foot, and serves to give a machine or table a level standing on an uneven place.</cd> — <col><b>Foot secretion</b></col>. <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <cd>See <u>Sclerobase</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Foot soldier</b></col>, <cd>a soldier who serves on foot.</cd> — <col><b>Foot stick</b></col> <i>(Printing)</i>, <cd>a beveled piece of furniture placed against the foot of the page, to hold the type in place.</cd> — <col><b>Foot stove</b></col>, <cd>a small box, with an iron pan, to hold hot coals for warming the feet.</cd> — <col><b>Foot tubercle</b></col>. <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <cd>See <u>Parapodium</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Foot valve</b></col> <i>(Steam Engine)</i>, <cd>the valve that opens to the air pump from the condenser.</cd> — <col><b>Foot vise</b></col>, <cd>a kind of vise the jaws of which are operated by a treadle.</cd> — <col><b>Foot waling</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>the inside planks or lining of a vessel over the floor timbers.</cd> <i>Totten.</i> — <col><b>Foot wall</b></col> <i>(Mining)</i>, <cd>the under wall of an inclosed vein.</cd></p>

<p> <col><b>By foot</b></col>, or <col><b>On foot</b></col>, <cd>by walking; as, to pass a stream <i>on foot</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Cubic foot</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Cubic</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Foot and mouth disease</b></col>, <cd>a contagious disease <i>(Eczema epizo&ouml;tica)</i> of cattle, sheep, swine, etc., characterized by the formation of vesicles and ulcers in the mouth and about the hoofs.</cd> — <col><b>Foot of the fine</b></col> <i>(Law)</i>, <cd>the concluding portion of an acknowledgment in court by which, formerly, the title of land was conveyed. See <i>Fine of land</i>, under <u>Fine</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; also <u>Chirograph</u>. (b).</cd> — <col><b>Square foot</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Square</u>.</cd> — <col><b>To be on foot</b></col>, <cd>to be in motion, action, or process of execution.</cd> — <col><b>To keep the foot</b></col> <i>(Script.)</i>, <cd>to preserve decorum.</cd> "<i>Keep thy foot</i> when thou goest to the house of God." <i>Eccl. v. 1.</i> — <col><b>To put one's foot down</b></col>, <cd>to take a resolute stand; to be determined.</cd> [Colloq.] — <col><b>To put the best foot foremost</b></col>, <cd>to make a good appearance; to do one's best.</cd> [Colloq.] — <col><b>To set on foot</b></col>, <cd>to put in motion; to originate; as, <i>to set on foot</i> a subscription.</cd> — <col><b>To</b></col> <col><b>put, or set</b></col>, <col><b>one on his feet</b></col>, <cd>to put one in a position to go on; to assist to start.</cd> — <col><b>Under foot</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>Under the feet; (Fig.) at one's mercy; as, to trample <i>under foot</i>.</cd> <i>Gibbon.</i> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>Below par.</cd> [Obs.] "They would be forced to sell . . . far <i>under foot</i>." <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><hw>Foot</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Footed</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Footing</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To tread to measure or music; to dance; to trip; to skip.</def> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To walk; — opposed to <i>ride</i> or <i>fly</i>.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Foot</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To kick with the foot; to spurn.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To set on foot; to establish; to land.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>What confederacy have you with the traitors<BR> Late <i>footed</i> in the kingdom?</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To tread; as, to <i>foot</i> the green.</def> <i>Tickell.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To sum up, as the numbers in a column; — sometimes with <i>up</i>; as, to <i>foot</i> (or <i>foot</i> up) an account.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>To seize or strike with the talon.</def> [Poet.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>To renew the foot of, as of a stocking.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><col><b>To foot a bill</b></col>, <cd>to pay it.</cd> [Colloq.] — <col><b>To foot it</b></col>, <cd>to walk; also, to dance.</cd></p>

<p><blockquote>If you are for a merry jaunt, I'll try, for once, who can <i>foot it</i> farthest.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Foot"ball`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>An inflated ball to be kicked in sport, usually made in India rubber, or a bladder incased in Leather.</def> <i>Waller.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The game of kicking the football by opposing parties of players between goals.</def> <i>Arbuthnot.</i></p>

<p><hw>Foot"band`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A band of foot soldiers.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Foot"bath`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A bath for the feet; also, a vessel used in bathing the feet.</def></p>

<p><hw>Foot"board`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A board or narrow platfrom upon which one may stand or brace his feet</def>; as: <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The platform for the engineer and fireman of a locomotive.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The foot-rest of a coachman's box.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A board forming the foot of a bedstead.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A treadle.</def></p>

<p><hw>Foot"boy`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A page; an attendant in livery; a lackey.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Foot"breadth`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The breadth of a foot; — used as a measure.</def> <i>Longfellow.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Not so much as a <i>footbreadth</i>.</blockquote> <i>Deut. ii. 5.</i></p>

<p><hw>Foot"bridge`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A narrow bridge for foot passengers only.</def></p>

<p><hw>Foot"cloth`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Formerly, a housing or caparison for a horse.</def> <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><hw>Foot"ed</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Having a foot or feet; shaped in the foot.</def> "<i>Footed</i> like a goat." <i>Grew.</i></p>

<p>&fist; <i>Footed</i> is often used in composition in the sense of <i>having</i> (<i>such</i> or <i>so many</i>) <i>feet</i>; as, four<i>footed</i> beasts.</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Having a foothold; established.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Our king . . . is <i>footed</i> in this land already.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Foot"fall`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A setting down of the foot; a footstep; the sound of a footstep.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Seraphim, whose <i>footfalls</i> tinkled on the tufted floor.</blockquote> <i>Poe.</i></p>

<p><hw>Foot"fight`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A conflict by persons on foot; — distinguished from a fight on horseback.</def> <i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></p>

<p><hw>Foot"glove`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A kind of stocking.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Foot" Guards`</hw> (?), <pos><i>pl.</i></pos> <def>Infantry soldiers belonging to select regiments called the Guards.</def> [Eng.]</p>

<p><hw>Foot"halt`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A disease affecting the feet of sheep.</def></p>

<p><hw>Foot"hill`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A low hill at the foot of higher hills or mountains.</def></p>

<p><hw>Foot"hold`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A holding with the feet; firm standing; that on which one may tread or rest securely; footing.</def> <i>L'Estrange.</i></p>

<p><hw>Foot"hook`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>See <u>Futtock</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Foot"hot`</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>Hastily; immediately; instantly; on the spot; hotfoot.</def> <i>Gower.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Custance have they taken anon, <i>foothot</i>.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Foot"ing</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Ground for the foot; place for the foot to rest on; firm foundation to stand on.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>In ascent, every step gained is a <i>footing</i> and help to the next.</blockquote> <i>Holder.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Standing; position; established place; basis for operation; permanent settlement; foothold.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>As soon as he had obtained a <i>footing</i> at court, the charms of his manner . . . made him a favorite.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Relative condition; state.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Lived on a <i>footing</i> of equality with nobles.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Tread; step; especially, measured tread.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Hark, I hear the <i>footing</i> of a man.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>The act of adding up a column of figures; the amount or sum total of such a column.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>The act of putting a foot to anything; also, that which is added as a foot; as, the <i>footing</i> of a stocking.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <def>A narrow cotton lace, without figures.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>8.</b></sn> <def>The finer refuse part of whale blubber, not wholly deprived of oil.</def> <i>Simmonds.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>9.</b></sn> <i>(Arch. & Enging.)</i> <def>The thickened or sloping portion of a wall, or of an embankment at its foot.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Footing course</b></col> <i>(Arch.)</i>, <cd>one of the courses of masonry at the foot of a wall, broader than the courses above.</cd> — <col><b>To pay one's footing</b></col>, <cd>to pay a fee on first doing anything, as working at a trade or in a shop.</cd> <i>Wright.</i> — <col><b>Footing beam</b></col>, <cd>the tie beam of a roof.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Foot"less</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having no feet.</def></p>

<p><hw>Foot"lick`er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A sycophant; a fawner; a toady. Cf. <u>Bootlick</u>.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Foot"light`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One of a row of lights in the front of the stage in a theater, etc., and on a level therewith.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Before the footlights</b></col>, <cd>upon the stage; — hence, in the capacity of an actor.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Foot"man</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Footmen</b></plw> (&?;). <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A soldier who marches and fights on foot; a foot soldier.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A man in waiting; a male servant whose duties are to attend the door, the carriage, the table, etc.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Formerly, a servant who ran in front of his master's carriage; a runner.</def> <i>Prior.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>A metallic stand with four feet, for keeping anything warm before a fire.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A moth of the family <i>Lithosid&aelig;</i>; — so called from its livery-like colors.</def></p>

<p><hw>Foot"man*ship</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Art or skill of a footman.</def></p>

<p><hw>Foot"mark`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A footprint; a track or vestige.</def> <i>Coleridge.</i></p>

<p><hw>Foot"note`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A note of reference or comment at the foot of a page.</def></p>

<p><hw>Foot"pace`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A walking pace or step.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A dais, or elevated platform; the highest step of the altar; a landing in a staircase.</def> <i>Shipley.</i></p>

<p><hw>Foot"pad`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A highwayman or robber on foot.</def></p>

<p><hw>Foot"path`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Footpaths</b></plw> (&?;). <def>A narrow path or way for pedestrains only; a footway.</def></p>

<p><hw>Foot"plate`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Locomotives)</i> <def>See <u>Footboard</u> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Foot" pound`</hw> (?). <i>(Mech.)</i> <def>A unit of energy, or work, being equal to the work done in raising one pound avoirdupois against the force of gravity the height of one foot.</def></p>

<p><! p. 581 !></p>

<p><hw>Foot" pound`al</hw> (?). <i>(Mech.)</i> <def>A unit of energy or work, equal to the work done in moving a body through one foot against the force of one poundal.</def></p>

<p><hw>Foot"print`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The impression of the foot; a trace or footmark; as, "<i>Footprints</i> of the Creator."</def></p>

<p><hw>Foot"rope`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Aut.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The rope rigged below a yard, upon which men stand when reefing or furling; — formerly called a <i>horse</i>.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>That part of the boltrope to which the lower edge of a sail is sewed.</def></p>

<p><hw>Foots</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> <def>The settlings of oil, molasses, etc., at the bottom of a barrel or hogshead.</def> <i>Simmonds.</i></p>

<p><hw>Foot"-sore`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having sore or tender feet, as by reason of much walking; as, <i>foot-sore</i> cattle.</def></p>

<p><hw>Foot"stalk`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The stalk of a leaf or of flower; a petiole, pedicel, or reduncle.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The peduncle or stem by which various marine animals are attached, as certain brachiopods and goose barnacles.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The stem which supports which supports the eye in decapod Crustacea; eyestalk.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Mach.)</i> <def>The lower part of a millstone spindle. It rests in a step.</def> <i>Knight.</i></p>

<p><hw>Foot"stall`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. <u>Pedestal</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The stirrup of a woman's saddle.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>The plinth or base of a pillar.</def></p>

<p><hw>Foot"step`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The mark or impression of the foot; a track; hence, visible sign of a course pursued; token; mark; as, the <i>footsteps</i> of divine wisdom.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>How on the faltering <i>footsteps</i> of decay<BR> Youth presses.</blockquote> <i>Bryant.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>An inclined plane under a hand printing press.</def></p>

<p><hw>Foot"stone`</hw> (?; 110), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The stone at the foot of a grave; — opposed to <i>headstone</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Foot"stool`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A low stool to support the feet of one when sitting.</def></p>

<p><hw>Foot"way`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A passage for pedestrians only.</def></p>

<p><hw>Foot"worn`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Worn by, or weared in, the feet; as, a <i>footworn</i> path; a <i>footworn</i> traveler.</def></p>

<p><hw>Foot"y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Having <i>foots</i>, or settlings; as, <i>footy</i> oil, molasses, etc.</def> [Eng.]</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Poor; mean.</def> [Prov. Eng.] <i>C. Kingsley.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fop</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>foppe</i>, <i>fop</i>, fool; cf. E. <i>fob</i> to cheat, G. <i>foppen</i> to make a fool of one, jeer, D. <i>foppen</i>.] <def>One whose ambition it is to gain admiration by showy dress; a coxcomb; an inferior dandy.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fop"-doo`dle</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A stupid or insignificant fellow; a fool; a simpleton.</def> [R.] <i>Hudibras.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fop"ling</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A petty fop.</def> <i>Landor.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fop"per*y</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Fopperies</b></plw> (#). [From <u>Fop</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The behavior, dress, or other indication of a fop; coxcombry; affectation of show; showy folly.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Folly; foolery.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Let not the sound of shallow <i>foppery</i> enter<BR> My sober house.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fop"pish</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Foplike; characteristic of a top in dress or manners; making an ostentatious display of gay clothing; affected in manners.</def></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Finical; spruce; dandyish. See <u>Finical</u>.</p>

<p>— <wf>Fop"pish*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Fop"pish*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>For-</hw> (&?;). [AS. <i>for-</i>; akin to D. & G. <i>ver</i>- , OHG. <i>fir</i>-, Icel. <i>for</i>-, Goth. <i>fra</i>-, cf. Skr. <i>par&amacr;-</i> away, Gr. &?; beside, and E. <i>far</i>, adj. Cf. <u>Fret</u> to rub.] <def>A prefix to verbs, having usually the force of a negative or privative. It often implies also <i>loss</i>, <i>detriment</i>, or <i>destruction</i>, and sometimes it is intensive, meaning <i>utterly</i>, <i>quite thoroughly</i>, as in <i>for</i>bathe.</def></p>

<p><hw>For</hw> (?), <pos><i>prep.</i></pos> [AS. <i>for</i>, <i>fore</i>; akin to OS. <i>for</i>, <i>fora</i>, <i>furi</i>, D. <i>voor</i>, OHG. <i>fora</i>, G. <i>vor</i>, OHG. <i>furi</i>, G. <i>f&uuml;r</i>, Icel. <i>fyrir</i>, Sw. <i>f&ouml;r</i>, Dan. <i>for</i>, adv. <i>f&ouml;r</i>, Goth. <i>fa&uacute;r</i>, <i>fa&uacute;ra</i>, L. <i>pro</i>, Gr. &?;, Skr. <i>pra</i>-. &radic; 202. Cf. <u>Fore</u>, <u>First</u>, <u>Foremost</u>, <u>Forth</u>, <u>Pro</u>-.] <def>In the most general sense, indicating that in consideration of, in view of, or with reference to, which anything is done or takes place.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Indicating the antecedent cause or occasion of an action; the motive or inducement accompanying and prompting to an act or state; the reason of anything; that on account of which a thing is or is done.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>With fiery eyes sparkling <i>for</i> very wrath.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>How to choose dogs <i>for</i> scent or speed.</blockquote> <i>Waller.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Now, <i>for</i> so many glorious actions done,<BR> <i>For</i> peace at home, and <i>for</i> the public wealth,<BR> I mean to crown a bowl <i>for</i> C&aelig;sar's health.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>That which we, <i>for</i> our unworthiness, are afraid to crave, our prayer is, that God, <i>for</i> the worthiness of his Son, would, notwithstanding, vouchsafe to grant.</blockquote> <i>Hooker.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Indicating the remoter and indirect object of an act; the end or final cause with reference to which anything is, acts, serves, or is done.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The oak <i>for</i> nothing ill,<BR> The osier good <i>for</i> twigs, the poplar <i>for</i> the mill.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>It was young counsel <i>for</i> the persons, and violent counsel <i>for</i> the matters.</blockquote> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Shall I think the worls was made <i>for one</i>,<BR> And men are born <i>for</i> kings, as beasts <i>for</i> men,<BR> Not <i>for</i> protection, but to be devoured?</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>For he writes not <i>for</i> money, nor <i>for</i> praise.</blockquote> <i>Denham.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Indicating that in favor of which, or in promoting which, anything is, or is done; hence, in behalf of; in favor of; on the side of; — opposed to <i>against</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>We can do nothing against the truth, but <i>for</i> the truth.</blockquote> <i>2 Cor. xiii. 8.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>It is <i>for</i> the general good of human society, and consequently of particular persons, to be true and just; and it is <i>for</i> men's health to be temperate.</blockquote> <i>Tillotson.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Aristotle is <i>for</i> poetical justice.</blockquote> <i>Dennis.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Indicating that toward which the action of anything is directed, or the point toward which motion is made; &?;ntending to go to.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>We sailed from Peru <i>for</i> China and Japan.</blockquote> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>Indicating that on place of or instead of which anything acts or serves, or that to which a substitute, an equivalent, a compensation, or the like, is offered or made; instead of, or place of.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>And if any mischief follow, then thou shalt give life <i>for</i> life, eye <i>for</i> eye, tooth <i>for</i> tooth, hand <i>for</i> hand, foot <i>for</i> foot.</blockquote> <i>Ex. xxi. 23, 24.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>Indicating that in the character of or as being which anything is regarded or treated; to be, or as being.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>We take a falling meteor <i>for</i> a star.</blockquote> <i>Cowley.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>If a man can be fully assured of anything <i>for</i> a truth, without having examined, what is there that he may not embrace <i>for</i> tru&?;?</blockquote> <i>Locke.</i></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Most of our ingenious young men take up some cried- up English poet for</i> their model.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>But let her go <i>for</i> an ungrateful woman.</blockquote> <i>Philips.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <def>Indicating that instead of which something else controls in the performing of an action, or that in spite of which anything is done, occurs, or is; hence, equivalent to <i>notwithstanding</i>, <i>in spite of</i>; — generally followed by <i>all</i>, <i>aught</i>, <i>anything</i>, etc.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The writer will do what she please <i>for</i> all me.</blockquote> <i>Spectator.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>God's desertion shall, <i>for</i> aught he knows, the next minute supervene.</blockquote> <i>Dr. H. More.</i></p>

<p><blockquote><i>For</i> anything that legally appears to the contrary, it may be a contrivance to fright us.</blockquote> <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>8.</b></sn> <def>Indicating the space or time through which an action or state extends; hence, during; in or through the space or time of.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>For</i> many miles about<BR> There 's scarce a bush.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Since, hired <i>for</i> life, thy servile muse sing.</blockquote> <i>prior.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>To guide the sun's bright chariot <i>for</i> a day.</blockquote> <i>Garth.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>9.</b></sn> <def>Indicating that in prevention of which, or through fear of which, anything is done.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>We 'll have a bib, <i>for</i> spoiling of thy doublet.</blockquote> <i>Beau. & Fl.</i></p>

<p><col><b>For</b></col>, or <col><b>As for</b></col>, <cd>so far as concerns; as regards; with reference to; — used parenthetically or independently. See under <u>As</u>.</cd></p>

<p><blockquote><i>As for</i> me and my house, we will serve the Lord.</blockquote> <i>Josh. xxiv. 15.</i></p>

<p><blockquote><i>For</i> me, my stormy voyage at an end,<BR> I to the port of death securely tend.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p>— <col><b>For all that</b></col>, <cd>notwithstanding; in spite of.</cd> — <col><b>For all the world</b></col>, <cd>wholly; exactly.</cd> "Whose posy was, <i>for all the world</i>, like cutlers' poetry." <i>Shak.</i> — <col><b>For as much as</b></col>, or <col><b>Forasmuch as</b></col>, <cd>in consideration that; seeing that; since.</cd> — <col><b>For by</b></col>. <cd>See <u>Forby</u>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></cd> — <col><b>For ever</b></col>, <cd>eternally; at all times. See <u>Forever</u>.</cd> — <col><b>For me</b></col>, or <col><b>For all me</b></col>, <cd>as far as regards me.</cd> — <col><b>For my life</b></col>, or <col><b>For the life of me</b></col>, <cd>if my life depended on it.</cd> [Colloq.] <i>T. Hook.</i> — <col><b>For that</b></col>, <col><b>For the reason that</b></col>, <cd>because; since.</cd> [Obs.] "<i>For that</i> I love your daughter." <i>Shak.</i> — <col><b>For thy</b></col>, or <col><b>Forthy</b></col> [AS. <i>for&?;&?;</i>.], <cd>for this; on this account.</cd> [Obs.] "Thomalin, have no care <i>for thy</i>." <i>Spenser.</i> — <col><b>For to</b></col>, <cd>as sign of infinitive, in order to; to the end of.</cd> [Obs., except as sometimes heard in illiterate speech.] — "What went ye out <i>for to</i> see?" <i>Luke vii. 25.</i> See <u>To</u>, <pos><i>prep.</i></pos>, 4. — <col><b>O for</b></col>, <cd>would that I had; may there be granted; — elliptically expressing desire or prayer.</cd> "<i>O for</i> a muse of fire." <i>Shak.</i> — <col><b>Were it not for</b></col>, or <col><b>If it were not for</b></col>, <cd>leaving out of account; but for the presence or action of.</cd> "Moral consideration can no way move the sensible appetite, <i>were it not for</i> the will." <i>Sir M. Hale.</i></p>

<p><hw>For</hw> (?), <pos><i>conj.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Because; by reason that; for that; indicating, in Old English, the reason of anything.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>And <i>for</i> of long that way had walk&eacute;d none,<BR> The vault was hid with plants and bushes hoar.</blockquote> <i>Fairfax.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>And Heaven defend your good souls, that you think<BR> I will your serious and great business scant,<BR> <i>For</i> she with me.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Since; because; introducing a reason of something before advanced, a cause, motive, explanation, justification, or the like, of an action related or a statement made. It is logically nearly equivalent to <i>since</i>, or <i>because</i>, but connects less closely, and is sometimes used as a very general introduction to something suggested by what has gone before.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Give thanks unto the Lord; <i>for</i> he is good; <i>for</i> his mercy endureth forever.</blockquote> <i>Ps. cxxxvi. 1.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Heaven doth with us as we with torches do,<BR>
Not light them for themselves; <i>for</i> if our virtues<BR>
Did not go forth of us, 't were all alike<BR>
As if we had them not.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><col><b>For because</b></col>, <cd>because.</cd> [Obs.] "Nor <i>for because</i> they set less store by their own citizens." <i>Robynson (More's Utopia).</i> — <col><b>For why</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>Why; for that reason; wherefore.</cd> [Obs.] <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>Because.</cd> [Obs.] See <u>Forwhy</u>.</p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — See <u>Because</u>.</p>

<p><hw>For</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who takes, or that which is said on, the affrimative side; that which is said in favor of some one or something; — the antithesis of <i>against</i>, and commonly used in connection with it.</def></p>

<p><col><b>The fors and against</b></col>. <cd>those in favor and those opposed; the pros and the cons; the advantages and the disadvantages.</cd> <i>Jane Austen.</i></p>

<p><hw>For"age</hw> (?; 48), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>fourage</i>, F. <i>fourrage</i>, fr. <i>forre</i>, <i>fuerre</i>, fodder, straw, F. <i>feurre</i>, fr. LL. <i>foderum</i>, <i>fodrum</i>, of German or Scand, origin; cf. OHG. <i>fuotar</i>, G. <i>futter</i>. See <u>Fodder</u> food, and cf. <u>Foray</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of foraging; search for provisions, etc.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He [the lion] from <i>forage</i> will incline to play.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>One way a band select from <i>forage</i> drives<BR> A herd of beeves, fair oxen and fair kine.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Mawhood completed his <i>forage</i> unmolested.</blockquote> <i>Marshall.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Food of any kind for animals, especially for horses and cattle, as grass, pasture, hay, corn, oats.</def> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Forage cap</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Cap</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Forage master</b></col> <i>(Mil.)</i>, <cd>a person charged with providing forage and the means of transporting it.</cd> <i>Farrow.</i></p>

<p><hw>For"age</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Foraged</u> ; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Foraging</u> (?).] <def>To wander or rove in search of food; to collect food, esp. forage, for horses and cattle by feeding on or stripping the country; to ravage; to feed on spoil.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>His most mighty father on a hill<BR> Stood smiling to behold his lion's whelp<BR> <i>Forage</i> in blood of French nobility.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Foraging ant</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>one of several species of ants of the genus <i>Eciton</i>, very abundant in tropical America, remarkable for marching in vast armies in search of food.</cd> — <col><b>Foraging cap</b></col>, <cd>a forage cap.</cd> — <col><b>Foraging party</b></col>, <cd>a party sent out after forage.</cd></p>

<p><hw>For"age</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To strip of provisions; to supply with forage; as, to <i>forage</i> steeds.</def> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><hw>For"a*ger</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who forages.</def></p>

<p><hw>For"a*lite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>forare</i> to bore + <i>-lite</i>.] <i>(Geol.)</i> <def>A tubelike marking, occuring in sandstone and other strata.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Fo*ra"men</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> L. <plw><b>Foramina</b></plw> (#), E. <plw><b>Foramines</b></plw> (#). [L., fr. <i>forare</i> to bore, pierce.] <def>A small opening, perforation, or orifice; a fenestra.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Foramen of Monro</b></col> <i>(Anat.)</i>, <cd>the opening from each lateral into the third ventricle of the brain.</cd> — <col><b>Foramen of Winslow</b></col> <i>(Anat.)</i>, <cd>the opening connecting the sac of the omentum with the general cavity of the peritoneum.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fo*ram"i*na`ted</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>foraminatus</i>.] <def>Having small opening, or foramina.</def></p>

<p><hw>For`a*min"i*fer</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of the Foraminifera.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Fo*ram`i*nif"e*ra</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr. L. <i>foramen</i>, <i>-aminis</i>, a foramen + <i>ferre</i> to bear.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>An extensive order of rhizopods which generally have a chambered calcareous shell formed by several united zooids. Many of them have perforated walls, whence the name. Some species are covered with sand. See <u>Rhizophoda</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fo*ram`i*nif"er*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Having small openings, or foramina.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Pertaining to, or composed of, Foraminifera; as, <i>foraminiferous</i> mud.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fo*ram"i*nous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>foraminosus</i>.] <def>Having foramina; full of holes; porous.</def> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><hw>For`as*much"</hw> (?), <pos><i>conj.</i></pos> <def>In consideration that; seeing that; since; because that; — followed by <i>as</i>. <i>See under</i> <u>For</u>, <pos><i>prep.</i></pos></def></p>

<p><hw>For"ay</hw> (f&obreve;r"&asl; <i>or</i> f&osl;*r&amacr;"; 277), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Another form of <i>forahe</i>. Cf. <u>Forray</u>.] <def>A sudden or irregular incursion in border warfare; hence, any irregular incursion for war or spoils; a raid.</def> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The huge Earl Doorm, . . . <BR> Bound on a <i>foray</i>, rolling eyes of prey.</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><hw>For"ay</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To pillage; to ravage.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He might <i>foray</i> our lands.</blockquote> <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><hw>For"ay*er</hw> (? or ?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who makes or joins in a foray.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>They might not choose the lowland road,<BR> For the Merse <i>forayers</i> were abroad.</blockquote> <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><hw>For*bade"</hw> (?), <def><pos><i>imp.</i></pos> of <u>Forbid</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>For*bathe"</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To bathe.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>For*bear"</hw> (f&obreve;r*b&acirc;r"), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Fore</u>, and <u>Bear</u> to produce.] <def>An ancestor; a forefather; — usually in the plural.</def> [Scot.] "Your <i>forbears</i> of old." <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><hw>For*bear"</hw> (f&obreve;r*b&acirc;r"), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp.</i></pos> <u>Forbore</u> (?) (<u>Forbare</u> (&?;), [Obs.]); <pos><i>p. p.</i></pos> <u>Forborne</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Forbearing</u>.] [OE. <i>forberen</i>, AS. <i>forberan</i>; pref. <i>for-</i> + <i>beran</i> to bear. See <u>Bear</u> to support.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To refrain from proceeding; to pause; to delay.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Shall I go against Ramoth-gilead to battle, or shall I <i>forbear</i>?</blockquote> <i>1 Kings xxii. 6.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To refuse; to decline; to give no heed.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Thou shalt speak my words unto them, whether they will hear, or whether they will <i>forbear</i>.</blockquote> <i>Ezek. ii. 7.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To control one's self when provoked.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The kindest and the happiest pair<BR> Will find occasion to <i>forbear</i>.</blockquote> <i>Cowper.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Both bear and <i>forbear</i>.</blockquote> <i>Old Proverb.</i></p>

<p><hw>For*bear"</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To keep away from; to avoid; to abstain from; to give up; as, to <i>forbear</i> the use of a word of doubtful propriety.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>But let me that plunder <i>forbear</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shenstone.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The King<BR> In open battle or the tilting field<BR> <i>Forbore</i> his own advantage.</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To treat with consideration or indulgence.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Forbearing</i> one another in love.</blockquote> <i>Eph. iv. 2.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To cease from bearing.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Whenas my womb her burden would <i>forbear</i>.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>For*bear"ance</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The act of forbearing or waiting; the exercise of patience.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He soon shall find<BR> <i>Forbearance</i> no acquittance ere day end.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The quality of being forbearing; indulgence toward offenders or enemies; long-suffering.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Have a continent <i>forbearance</i>, till the speed of his rage goes slower.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Abstinence; refraining; lenity; mildness.</p>

<p><hw>For*bear"ant</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Forbearing.</def> [R.] <i>Carlyle.</i></p>

<p><hw>For*bear"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who forbears.</def> <i>Tusser.</i></p>

<p><hw>For*bear"ing</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Disposed or accustomed to forbear; patient; long-suffering.</def> — <wf>For*bear"ing*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><! p. 582 !></p>

<p><hw>For*bid"</hw> (f&obreve;r*b&ibreve;d"), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp.</i></pos> <u>Forbade</u> (-b&abreve;d"); <pos><i>p. p.</i></pos> <u>Forbidden</u> (-b&ibreve;d"d'n) (<u>Forbid</u>, [Obs.]); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Forbidding</u> (?).] [OE. <i>forbeden</i>, AS. <i>forbe&oacute;dan</i>; pref. <i>for-</i> + <i>be&oacute;dan</i> to bid; akin to D. <i>verbieden</i>, G. <i>verbieten</i>, Icel. <i>fyrirbj&omacr;&eth;a</i>, <i>forbo&eth;a</i>, Sw. <i>f&ouml;rbjuda</i>, Dan. <i>forbyde</i>. See <u>Bid</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To command against, or contrary to; to prohibit; to interdict.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>More than I have said . . . <BR> The leisure and enforcement of the time<BR> <i>Forbids</i> to dwell upon.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To deny, exclude from, or warn off, by express command; to command not to enter.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Have I not <i>forbid</i> her my house?</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To oppose, hinder, or prevent, as if by an effectual command; as, an impassable river <i>forbids</i> the approach of the army.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A blaze of glory that <i>forbids</i> the sight.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To accurse; to blast.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>He shall live a man <i>forbid</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>To defy; to challenge.</def> [Obs.] <i>L. Andrews.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — To prohibit; interdict; hinder; preclude; withhold; restrain; prevent. See <u>Prohibit</u>.</p>

<p><hw>For*bid"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To utter a prohibition; to prevent; to hinder.</def> "I did not or <i>forbid</i>." <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>For*bid"dance</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The act of forbidding; prohibition; command or edict against a thing.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>How hast thou yield to transgress<BR> The strict <i>forbiddance</i>.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>For*bid"den</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Prohibited; interdicted.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I know no spells, use no <i>forbidden</i> arts.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Forbidden fruit</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>Any coveted unlawful pleasure, — so called with reference to the forbidden fruit of the Garden of Eden.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <i>(Bot.)</i> <cd>A small variety of shaddock (<i>Citrus decumana</i>). The name is given in different places to several varieties of Citrus fruits.</cd></p>

<p><hw>For*bid"den*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a forbidden or unlawful manner.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>For*bid"der</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who forbids.</def> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>For*bid"ding</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Repelling approach; repulsive; raising abhorrence, aversion, or dislike; disagreeable; prohibiting or interdicting; as, a <i>forbidding</i> aspect; a <i>forbidding</i> formality; a <i>forbidding</i> air.</def></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Disagreeable; unpleasant; displeasing; offensive; repulsive; odious; abhorrent.</p>

<p>— <wf>For*bid"ding*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>For*bid"ding*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>For*black"</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Very black.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>As any raven's feathers it shone <i>forblack</i>.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>For*bo"den</hw> (?), obs. <def><pos><i>p. p.</i></pos> of <u>Forbid</u>.</def> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>For*bore"</hw> (?), <def><pos><i>imp.</i></pos> of <u>Forbear</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>For*borne"</hw> (?), <def><pos><i>p. p.</i></pos> of <u>Forbear</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>For*bruise"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To bruise sorely or exceedingly.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>All <i>forbrosed</i>, both back and side.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>For*by"</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv. & prep.</i></pos> [See <u>Foreby</u>.] <def>Near; hard by; along; past.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>To tell her if her child went ought <i>forby</i>.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>To the intent that ships may pass along <i>forby</i> all the sides of the city without let.</blockquote> <i>Robynson (More's Utopia).</i></p>

<p><hw>For*carve"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To cut completely; to cut off.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Force</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [See <u>Farce</u> to stuff.] <def>To stuff; to lard; to farce.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Wit larded with malice, and malice <i>forced</i> with wit.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Force</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Of Scand. origin; cf. Icel. <i>fors</i>, <i>foss</i>, Dan. <i>fos</i>.] <def>A waterfall; a cascade.</def> [Prov. Eng.]</p>

<p><blockquote>To see the falls for <i>force</i> of the river Kent.</blockquote> <i>T. Gray.</i></p>

<p><hw>Force</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>force</i>, LL. <i>forcia</i>, <i>fortia</i>, fr. L. <i>fortis</i> strong. See <u>Fort</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Strength or energy of body or mind; active power; vigor; might; often, an unusual degree of strength or energy; capacity of exercising an influence or producing an effect; especially, power to persuade, or convince, or impose obligation; pertinency; validity; special signification; as, the <i>force</i> of an appeal, an argument, a contract, or a term.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He was, in the full <i>force</i> of the words, a good man.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Power exerted against will or consent; compulsory power; violence; coercion.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Which now they hold by <i>force</i>, and not by right.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Strength or power for war; hence, a body of land or naval combatants, with their appurtenances, ready for action; — an armament; troops; warlike array; — often in the plural; hence, a body of men prepared for action in other ways; as, the laboring <i>force</i> of a plantation.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Is Lucius general of the <i>forces</i>?</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Law)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>Strength or power exercised without law, or contrary to law, upon persons or things; violence.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>Validity; efficacy.</def> <i>Burrill.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <i>(Physics)</i> <def>Any action between two bodies which changes, or tends to change, their relative condition as to rest or motion; or, more generally, which changes, or tends to change, any physical relation between them, whether mechanical, thermal, chemical, electrical, magnetic, or of any other kind; as, the <i>force</i> of gravity; cohesive <i>force</i>; centrifugal <i>force</i>.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Animal force</b></col> <i>(Physiol.)</i>, <cd>muscular force or energy.</cd> — <col><b>Catabiotic force</b></col> [Gr. &?; down (intens.) + &?; life.] <i>(Biol.)</i>, <cd>the influence exerted by living structures on adjoining cells, by which the latter are developed in harmony with the primary structures.</cd> — <col><b>Centrifugal force</b></col>, <col><b>Centripetal force</b></col>, <col><b>Coercive force</b></col>, etc. <cd>See under <u>Centrifugal</u>, <u>Centripetal</u>, etc.</cd> — <col><b>Composition of forces</b></col>, <col><b>Correlation of forces</b></col>, etc. <cd>See under <u>Composition</u>, <u>Correlation</u>, etc.</cd> — <col><b>Force and arms</b></col> [trans. of L. <i>vi et armis</i>] <i>(Law)</i>, <cd>an expression in old indictments, signifying <i>violence</i>.</cd> — <col><b>In force</b></col>, or <col><b>Of force</b></col>, <cd>of unimpaired efficacy; valid; of full virtue; not suspended or reversed.</cd> "A testament is <i>of force</i> after men are dead." <i>Heb. ix. 17.</i> — <col><b>Metabolic force</b></col> <i>(Physiol.)</i>, <cd>the influence which causes and controls the metabolism of the body.</cd> — <col><b>No force</b></col>, <cd>no matter of urgency or consequence; no account; hence, <i>to do no force</i>, to make no account of; not to heed.</cd> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i> — <col><b>Of force</b></col>, <cd>of necessity; unavoidably; imperatively.</cd> "Good reasons must, <i>of force</i>, give place to better." <i>Shak.</i> — <col><b>Plastic force</b></col> (<i>Physiol</i>.), <cd>the force which presumably acts in the growth and repair of the tissues.</cd> — <col><b>Vital force</b></col> <i>(Physiol.)</i>, <cd>that force or power which is inherent in organization; that form of energy which is the cause of the vital phenomena of the body, as distinguished from the <i>physical forces</i> generally known.</cd></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Strength; vigor; might; energy; stress; vehemence; violence; compulsion; coaction; constraint; coercion. — <u>Force</u>, <u>Strength</u>. <i>Strength</i> looks rather to power as an <i>inward</i> capability or energy. Thus we speak of the <i>strength</i> of timber, bodily <i>strength</i>, mental <i>strength</i>, <i>strength</i> of emotion, etc. <i>Force</i>, on the other hand, looks more to the <i>outward</i>; as, the <i>force</i> of gravitation, <i>force</i> of circumstances, <i>force</i> of habit, etc. We do, indeed, speak of <i>strength</i> of will and <i>force</i> of will; but even here the former may lean toward the internal tenacity of purpose, and the latter toward the outward expression of it in action. But, though the two words do in a few cases touch thus closely on each other, there is, on the whole, a marked distinction in our use of <i>force</i> and <i>strength</i>. "<i>Force</i> is the name given, in mechanical science, to whatever produces, or can produce, motion." <i>Nichol.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Thy tears are of no <i>force</i> to mollify<BR> This flinty man.</blockquote> <i>Heywood.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>More huge in <i>strength</i> than wise in works he was.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Adam and first matron Eve<BR> Had ended now their orisons, and found<BR> <i>Strength</i> added from above, new hope to spring<BR> Out of despair.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Force</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Forced</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Forcing</u> (?).] [OF. <i>forcier</i>, F. <i>forcer</i>, fr. LL. <i>forciare</i>, <i>fortiare</i>. See <u>Force</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To constrain to do or to forbear, by the exertion of a power not resistible; to compel by physical, moral, or intellectual means; to coerce; as, masters <i>force</i> slaves to labor.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To compel, as by strength of evidence; as, to <i>force</i> conviction on the mind.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To do violence to; to overpower, or to compel by violence to one's will; especially, to ravish; to violate; to commit rape upon.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>To <i>force</i> their monarch and insult the court.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>I should have <i>forced</i> thee soon wish other arms.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>To <i>force</i> a spotless virgin's chastity.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To obtain or win by strength; to take by violence or struggle; specifically, to capture by assault; to storm, as a fortress.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>To impel, drive, wrest, extort, get, etc., by main strength or violence; — with a following adverb, as <i>along</i>, <i>away</i>, <i>from</i>, <i>into</i>, <i>through</i>, <i>out</i>, etc.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>It stuck so fast, so deeply buried lay<BR> That scarce the victor <i>forced</i> the steel away.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>To <i>force</i> the tyrant from his seat by war.</blockquote> <i>Sahk.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Ethelbert ordered that none should be <i>forced</i> into religion.</blockquote> <i>Fuller.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>To put in force; to cause to be executed; to make binding; to enforce.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>What can the church <i>force</i> more?</blockquote> <i>J. Webster.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <def>To exert to the utmost; to urge; hence, to strain; to urge to excessive, unnatural, or untimely action; to produce by unnatural effort; as, to <i>force</i> a conceit or metaphor; to <i>force</i> a laugh; to <i>force</i> fruits.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>High on a mounting wave my head I bore,<BR> <i>Forcing</i> my strength, and gathering to the shore.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>8.</b></sn> <i>(Whist)</i> <def>To compel (an adversary or partner) to trump a trick by leading a suit of which he has none.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>9.</b></sn> <def>To provide with forces; to re&euml;nforce; to strengthen by soldiers; to man; to garrison.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>10.</b></sn> <def>To allow the force of; to value; to care for.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>For me, I <i>force</i> not argument a straw.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — To compel; constrain; oblige; necessitate; coerce; drive; press; impel.</p>

<p><hw>Force</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [Obs. in all the senses.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To use violence; to make violent effort; to strive; to endeavor.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Forcing</i> with gifts to win his wanton heart.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To make a difficult matter of anything; to labor; to hesitate; hence, <i>to force of</i>, to make much account of; to regard.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Your oath once broke, you <i>force</i> not to forswear.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>I <i>force</i> not of such fooleries.</blockquote> <i>Camden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To be of force, importance, or weight; to matter.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>It is not sufficient to have attained the name and dignity of a shepherd, not <i>forcing</i> how.</blockquote> <i>Udall.</i></p>

<p><hw>Forced</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Done or produced with force or great labor, or by extraordinary exertion; hurried; strained; produced by unnatural effort or pressure; as, a <i>forced</i> style; a <i>forced</i> laugh.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Forced draught</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Draught</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Forced march</b></col> <i>(Mil.)</i>, <cd>a march of one or more days made with all possible speed.</cd></p>

<p>— <wf>For"ced*ly</wf> (#), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>For"ced*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Force"ful</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Full of or processing force; exerting force; mighty.</def> — <wf>Force"ful*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><blockquote>Against the steed he threw<BR> His <i>forceful</i> spear.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Force"less</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having little or no force; feeble.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>These <i>forceless</i> flowers like sturdy trees support me.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Force"meat`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Corrupt. for <i>farce-meat</i>, fr. F. <i>farce</i> stuffing. See <u>Farce</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <i>(Cookery)</i> <def>Meat chopped fine and highly seasoned, either served up alone, or used as a stuffing.</def> [Written also <i>forced meat</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Force"ment</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The act of forcing; compulsion.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>It was imposed upon us by constraint;<BR> And will you count such <i>forcement</i> treachery?</blockquote> <i>J. Webster.</i></p>

<p><hw>For"ceps</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>forceps</i>, <i>-cipis</i>, from the root of <i>formus</i> Hot + <i>capere</i> to take; akin to E. <i>heave</i>. Cf. <u>Furnace</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A pair of pinchers, or tongs; an instrument for grasping, holding firmly, or exerting traction upon, bodies which it would be inconvenient or impracticable to seize with the fingers, especially one for delicate operations, as those of watchmakers, surgeons, accoucheurs, dentists, etc.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The caudal forceps- shaped appendage of earwigs and some other insects. See <u>Earwig</u>.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Dressing forceps</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Dressing</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Force" pump`</hw> (?). <i>(Mach.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A pump having a solid piston, or plunger, for drawing and forcing a liquid, as water, through the valves; in distinction from a pump having a bucket, or valved piston.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A pump adapted for delivering water at a considerable height above the pump, or under a considerable pressure; in distinction from one which lifts the water only to the top of the pump or delivers it through a spout. See <i>Illust.</i> of <i>Plunger pump</i>, under <u>Plunger</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>For"cer</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who, or that which, forces or drives.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Mech.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The solid piston of a force pump; the instrument by which water is forced in a pump.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A small hand pump for sinking pits, draining cellars, etc.</def></p>

<p><hw>For"ci*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. OF. <i>forcible</i> forcible, <i>forceable</i> that may be forced.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Possessing force; characterized by force, efficiency, or energy; powerful; efficacious; impressive; influential.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>How <i>forcible</i> are right words!</blockquote> <i>Job. vi. 2&?;.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Sweet smells are most <i>forcible</i> in dry substances, when broken.</blockquote> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>But I have reasons strong and <i>forcible</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>That punishment which hath been sometimes <i>forcible</i> to bridle sin.</blockquote> <i>Hooker.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>He is at once elegant and sublime, <i>forcible</i> and ornamented.</blockquote> <i>Lowth (Transl. )</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Violent; impetuous.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Like mingled streams, more <i>forcible</i> when joined.</blockquote> <i>Prior.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Using force against opposition or resistance; obtained by compulsion; effected by force; as, <i>forcible</i> entry or abduction.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>In embraces of King James . . . <i>forcible</i> and unjust.</blockquote> <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Forcible entry and detainer</b></col> <i>(Law)</i>, <cd>the entering upon and taking and withholding of land and tenements by actual force and violence, and with a strong hand, to the hindrance of the person having the right to enter.</cd></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Violent; powerful; strong; energetic; mighty; potent; weighty; impressive; cogent; influential.</p>

<p><hw>For"ci*ble-fee`ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [From <i>Feeble</i>, a character in the Second Part of Shakespeare's "King Henry IV.," to whom Falstaff derisively applies the epithet "<i>forcible</i>."] <def>Seemingly vigorous, but really weak or insipid.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He [Prof. Ayton] would purge his book of much offensive matter, if he struck out epithets which are in the bad taste of the <i>forcible-feeble</i> school.</blockquote> <i>N. Brit. Review.</i></p>

<p><hw>For"ci*ble*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality of being forcible.</def></p>

<p><hw>For"ci*bly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a forcible manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>For"cing</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The accomplishing of any purpose violently, precipitately, prematurely, or with unusual expedition.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Gardening)</i> <def>The art of raising plants, flowers, and fruits at an earlier season than the natural one, as in a hitbed or by the use of artificial heat.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Forcing</b></col> <col><b>bed or pit</b></col>, <cd>a plant bed having an under layer of fermenting manure, the fermentation yielding bottom heat for forcing plants; a hotbed.</cd> — <col><b>Forcing engine</b></col>, <cd>a fire engine.</cd> — <col><b>Forcing fit</b></col> <i>(Mech.)</i>, <cd>a tight fit, as of one part into a hole in another part, which makes it necessary to use considerable force in putting the two parts together.</cd> — <col><b>Forcing house</b></col>, <cd>a greenhouse for the forcing of plants, fruit trees, etc.</cd> — <col><b>Forcing machine</b></col>, <cd>a powerful press for putting together or separating two parts that are fitted tightly one into another, as for forcing a crank on a shaft, or for drawing off a car wheel from the axle.</cd> — <col><b>Forcing pump</b></col>. <cd>See <u>Force pump</u> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>For"ci*pal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Forked or branched like a pair of forceps; constructed so as to open and shut like a pair of forceps.</def> <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>For"ci*pate</hw> (?), <hw>For"ci*pa`ted</hw> (?) }, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Like a pair of forceps; as, a <i>forcipated</i> mouth.</def></p>

<p><hw>For`ci*pa"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Torture by pinching with forceps or pinchers.</def> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><hw>For*cut"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To cut completely; to cut off.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ford</hw> (f&omacr;rd), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>ford</i>; akin to G. <i>furt</i>, Icel. <i>fj&ouml;r&eth;r</i> bay, and to E. <i>fare</i>. &radic; 78. See <u>Fare</u>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos>, and cf. <u>Frith</u> arm of the sea.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A place in a river, or other water, where it may be passed by man or beast on foot, by wading.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He swam the Esk river where <i>ford</i> there was none.</blockquote> <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A stream; a current.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>With water of the <i>ford</i><BR> Or of the clouds.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Permit my ghost to pass the Stygian <i>ford</i>.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ford</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Forded</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Fording</u>.] <def>To pass or cross, as a river or other water, by wading; to wade through.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>His last section, which is no deep one, remains only to be <i>forted</i>.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ford"a*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Capable of being forded.</def> — <wf>Ford"a*ble*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Ford"less</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Without a ford.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A deep and <i>fordless</i> river.</blockquote> <i>Mallock.</i></p>

<p><hw>For*do"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [OE. <i>fordon</i>, AS. <i>ford&?;n</i>; pref. <i>for-</i> + <i>d&?;n</i> to do. See <u>For-</u>, and <u>Do</u>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To destroy; to undo; to ruin.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>This is the night<BR> That either makes me or <i>fordoes</i> me quite.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To overcome with fatigue; to exhaust.</def> <i>M. Arnold.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>All with weary task <i>fordone</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>For*done"</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See <u>Fordo</u>.] <def>Undone; ruined.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>For*drive"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To drive about; to drive here and there.</def> [Obs.] <i>Rom. of R.</i></p>

<p><hw>For*drunk"en</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Utterly drunk; very drunk.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>For*dry"</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Entirely dry; withered.</def> [Obs.] "A tree <i>fordry</i>." <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>For*dwine"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To dwindle away; to disappear.</def> [Obs.] <i>Rom of R.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fore</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>f&?;r</i>, fr. <i>faran</i> to go. See <u>Fare</u>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos>] <def>Journey; way; method of proceeding.</def> [Obs.] "Follow him and his <i>fore</i>." <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><! p. 583 !></p>

<p><hw>Fore</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> [AS. <i>fore</i>, adv. & prep., another form of <i>for</i>. See <u>For</u>, and cf. <u>Former</u>, <u>Foremost</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>In the part that precedes or goes first; — opposed to <i>aft</i>, <i>after</i>, <i>back</i>, <i>behind</i>, etc.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Formerly; previously; afore.</def> [Obs. or Colloq.]</p>

<p><blockquote>The eyes, <i>fore</i> duteous, now converted are.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>In or towards the bows of a ship.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Fore and aft</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>from stem to stern; lengthwise of the vessel; — in distinction from <i>athwart</i>.</cd> <i>R. H. Dana, Jr.</i> — <col><b>Fore-and-aft rigged</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>not rigged with square sails attached to yards, but with sails bent to gaffs or set on stays in the midship line of the vessel. See <u>Schooner</u>, <u>Sloop</u>, <u>Cutter</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fore</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See <u>Fore</u>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos>] <def>Advanced, as compared with something else; toward the front; being or coming first, in time, place, order, or importance; preceding; anterior; antecedent; earlier; forward; — opposed to <i>back</i> or <i>behind</i>; as, the <i>fore</i> part of a garment; the <i>fore</i> part of the day; the <i>fore</i> and of a wagon.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The free will of the subject is preserved, while it is directed by the <i>fore</i> purpose of the state.</blockquote> <i>Southey.</i></p>

<p>&fist; <i>Fore</i> is much used adjectively or in composition.</p>

<p><col><b>Fore bay</b></col>, <cd>a reservoir or canal between a mill race and a water wheel; the discharging end of a pond or mill race.</cd> — <col><b>Fore body</b></col> <i>(Shipbuilding)</i>, <cd>the part of a ship forward of the largest cross-section, distinguished from <i>middle body</i> and <i>after body</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Fore boot</b></col>, <cd>a receptacle in the front of a vehicle, for stowing baggage, etc.</cd> — <col><b>Fore bow</b></col>, <cd>the pommel of a saddle.</cd> <i>Knight.</i> — <col><b>Fore cabin</b></col>, <cd>a cabin in the fore part of a ship, usually with inferior accommodations.</cd> — <col><b>Fore carriage</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>The forward part of the running gear of a four-wheeled vehicle.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>A small carriage at the front end of a plow beam.</cd> — <col><b>Fore course</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>the lowermost sail on the foremost of a square-rigged vessel; the foresail. See <i>Illust.</i> under <u>Sail</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Fore door</b></col>. <cd>Same as <u>Front door</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Fore edge</b></col>, <cd>the front edge of a book or folded sheet, etc.</cd> — <col><b>Fore elder</b></col>, <cd>an ancestor.</cd> [Prov. Eng.] — <col><b>Fore end</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>The end which precedes; the earlier, or the nearer, part; the beginning.</cd></p>

<p><blockquote>I have . . . paid<BR> More pious debts to heaven, than in all<BR> The <i>fore end</i> of my time.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>In firearms, the wooden stock under the barrel, forward of the trigger guard, or breech frame.</cd> — <col><b>Fore girth</b></col>, <cd>a girth for the fore part (of a horse, etc.); a martingale.</cd> — <col><b>Fore hammer</b></col>, <cd>a sledge hammer, working alternately, or in time, with the hand hammer.</cd> — <col><b>Fore leg</b></col>, <cd>one of the front legs of a quadruped, or multiped, or of a chair, settee, etc.</cd> — <col><b>Fore peak</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>the angle within a ship's bows; the portion of the hold which is farthest forward.</cd> — <col><b>Fore piece</b></col>, <cd>a front piece, as the flap in the fore part of a sidesaddle, to guard the rider's dress.</cd> — <col><b>Fore plane</b></col>, <cd>a carpenter's plane, in size and use between a jack plane and a smoothing plane.</cd> <i>Knight.</i> — <col><b>Fore reading</b></col>, <cd>previous perusal.</cd> [Obs.] <i>Hales.</i> — <col><b>Fore rent</b></col>, <cd>in Scotland, rent payable before a crop is gathered.</cd> — <col><b>Fore sheets</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>the forward portion of a rowboat; the space beyond the front thwart. See <u>Stern sheets</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Fore shore</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>A bank in advance of a sea wall, to break the force of the surf.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>The seaward projecting, slightly inclined portion of a breakwater.</cd> <i>Knight.</i> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <cd>The part of the shore between high and low water marks.</cd> — <col><b>Fore sight</b></col>, <cd>that one of the two sights of a gun which is near the muzzle.</cd> — <col><b>Fore tackle</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>the tackle on the foremast of a ship.</cd> — <col><b>Fore topmast</b></col>. <i>(Naut.)</i> <cd>See <u>Fore-topmast</u>, in the Vocabulary.</cd> - - <col><b>Fore wind</b></col>, <cd>a favorable wind.</cd> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Sailed on smooth seas, by <i>fore winds</i> borne.</blockquote> <i>Sandys.</i></p>

<p> — <col><b>Fore world</b></col>, <cd>the antediluvian world.</cd> [R.] <i>Southey.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fore</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The front; hence, that which is in front; the future.</def></p>

<p><col><b>At the fore</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>at the fore royal masthead; — said of a flag, so raised as a signal for sailing, etc.</cd> — <col><b>To the fore</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>In advance; to the front; to a prominent position; in plain sight; in readiness for use.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>In existence; alive; not worn out, lost, or spent, as money, etc.</cd> [Irish] "While I am <i>to the fore</i>." <i>W. Collins.</i> "How many captains in the regiment had two thousand pounds <i>to the fore</i>?" <i>Thackeray.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fore</hw>, <pos><i>prep.</i></pos> <def>Before; — sometimes written <i>'fore</i> as if a contraction of <i>afore</i> or <i>before</i>.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Fore`ad*mon"ish</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To admonish beforehand, or before the act or event.</def> <i>Bp. Hall.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fore`ad*vise"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To advise or counsel before the time of action, or before the event.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fore`al*lege"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Forealleged</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Forealleging</u> (?).] <def>To allege or cite before.</def> <i>Fotherby.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fore`ap*point"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To set, order, or appoint, beforehand.</def> <i>Sherwood.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fore`ap*point"ment</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Previous appointment; preordinantion.</def> <i>Sherwood.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fore*arm"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To arm or prepare for attack or resistance before the time of need.</def> <i>South.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fore"arm`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>That part of the arm or fore limb between the elbow and wrist; the antibrachium.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fore"beam`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The breast beam of a loom.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fore*bear"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>An ancestor. See <u>Forbear</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fore*bode"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Foreboded</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Foreboding</u>.] [AS. <i>forebodian</i>; <i>fore + bodian</i> to announce. See <u>Bode</u> <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To foretell.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To be prescient of (some ill or misfortune); to have an inward conviction of, as of a calamity which is about to happen; to augur despondingly.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>His heart <i>forebodes</i> a mystery.</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Sullen, desponding, and <i>foreboding</i> nothing but wars and desolation, as the certain consequence of C&aelig;sar's death.</blockquote> <i>Middleton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>I have a sort of <i>foreboding</i> about him.</blockquote> <i>H. James.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — To foretell; predict; prognosticate; augur; presage; portend; betoken.</p>

<p><hw>Fore*bode"</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To foretell; to presage; to augur.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>If I <i>forebode</i> aright.</blockquote> <i>Hawthorne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fore*bode"</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Prognostication; presage.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Fore*bode"ment</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The act of foreboding; the thing foreboded.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fore*bod"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who forebodes.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fore*bod"ing</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Presage of coming ill; expectation of misfortune.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fore*bod"ing*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a foreboding manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fore"brace`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>A rope applied to the fore yardarm, to change the position of the foresail.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fore"brain`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>The anterior of the three principal divisions of the brain, including the prosencephalon and thalamencephalon. Sometimes restricted to the prosencephalon only. See <u>Brain</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fore*by"</hw> (?), <pos><i>prep.</i></pos> [<i>Fore</i> + <i>by</i>.] <def>Near; hard by; along; past. See <u>Forby</u>.</def> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fore*cast"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To plan beforehand; to scheme; to project.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He shall <i>forecast</i> his devices against the strongholds.</blockquote> <i>Dan. xi. 24.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To foresee; to calculate beforehand, so as to provide for.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>It is wisdom to consider the end of things before we embark, and to <i>forecast</i> consequences.</blockquote> <i>L'Estrange.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fore*cast"</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To contrive or plan beforehand.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>If it happen as I did <i>forecast</i>.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fore"cast</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Previous contrivance or determination; predetermination.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He makes this difference to arise from the <i>forecast</i> and predetermination of the gods themselves.</blockquote> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Foresight of consequences, and provision against them; prevision; premeditation.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>His calm, deliberate <i>forecast</i> better fitted him for the council than the camp.</blockquote> <i>Prescott.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fore*cast"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who forecast.</def> <i>Johnson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fore"cas`tle</hw> (?; <i>sailors say</i> &?;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Naut.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A short upper deck forward, formerly raised like a castle, to command an enemy's decks.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>That part of the upper deck of a vessel forward of the foremast, or of the after part of the fore channels.</def> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <def>In merchant vessels, the forward part of the vessel, under the deck, where the sailors live.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fore`cho"sen</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Chosen beforehand.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fore"cit`ed</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Cited or quoted before or above.</def> <i>Arbuthnot.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fore*close"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Foreclosed</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Foreclosing</u> (?).] [F. <i>forclos</i>, p. p. of <i>forclore</i> to exclude; OF. <i>fors</i>, F. <i>hors</i>, except, outside (fr. L. <i>foris</i> outside) + F. <i>clore</i> to close. See <u>Foreign</u>, and <u>Close</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>] <def>To shut up or out; to preclude; to stop; to prevent; to bar; to exclude.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The embargo with Spain <i>foreclosed</i> this trade.</blockquote> <i>Carew.</i></p>

<p><col><b>To foreclose a mortgager</b></col> <i>(Law)</i>, <cd>to cut him off by a judgment of court from the power of redeeming the mortgaged premises, termed his <i>equity of redemption</i>.</cd> — <col><b>To foreclose a mortgage</b></col>, <cd>(not technically correct, but often used to signify) the obtaining a judgment for the payment of an overdue mortgage, and the exposure of the mortgaged property to sale to meet the mortgage debt.</cd> <i>Wharton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fore*clo"sure</hw> (?; 135), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The act or process of foreclosing; a proceeding which bars or extinguishes a mortgager's right of redeeming a mortgaged estate.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fore`con*ceive"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To preconceive; to imagine beforehand.</def> [Obs.] <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fore*date"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To date before the true time; to antedate.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fore"deck`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>The fore part of a deck, or of a ship.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fore*deem"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To recognize or judge in advance; to forebode.</def> [Obs.] <i>Udall.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Laugh at your misery, as <i>foredeeming</i> you<BR> An idle meteor.</blockquote> <i>J. Webster.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fore*deem"</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [Cf. <u>Foredoom</u>.] <def>To know or discover beforehand; to foretell.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Which [maid] could guess and <i>foredeem</i> of things past, present, and to come.</blockquote> <i>Genevan Test.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fore`de*sign"</hw> (? or ?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To plan beforehand; to intend previously.</def> <i>Cheyne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fore`de*ter"mine</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To determine or decree beforehand.</def> <i>Bp. Hopkins.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fore`dis*pose"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To bestow beforehand.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>King James had by promise <i>foredisposed</i> the place on the Bishop of Meath.</blockquote> <i>Fuller.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fore*doom"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [Cf. <u>Foredeem</u>.] <def>To doom beforehand; to predestinate.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Thou art <i>foredoomed</i> to view the Stygian state.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fore"doom`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Doom or sentence decreed in advance.</def> "A dread <i>foredoom</i> ringing in the ears of the guilty adult." <i>Southey.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fore"fa`ther</hw> (?; 277), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who precedes another in the line of genealogy in any degree, but usually in a remote degree; an ancestor.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Respecting your <i>forefathers</i>, you would have been taught to respect yourselves.</blockquote> <i>Burke.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Forefathers' Day</b></col>, <cd>the anniversary of the day (December 21) on which the Pilgrim Fathers landed at Plymouth, Massachusetts (1620). On account of a mistake in reckoning the change from Old Style to New Style, it has generally been celebrated on the 22d.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fore*feel"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To feel beforehand; to have a presentiment of.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>As when, with unwieldy waves, the great sea <i>forefeels</i> winds.</blockquote> <i>Chapman.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fore`fence"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Defense in front.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Fore*fend"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [OE. <i>forfenden</i>; pref. <i>for-</i> + <i>fenden</i> to fend. See <u>Fend</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>] <def>To hinder; to fend off; to avert; to prevent the approach of; to forbid or prohibit. See <u>Forfend</u>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>God <i>forefend</i> it should ever be recorded in our history.</blockquote> <i>Landor.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>It would be a far better work . . . to <i>forefend</i> the cruelty.</blockquote> <i>I. Taylor.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fore"fin`ger</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The finger next to the thumb; the index.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fore*flow"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To flow before.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Fore"foot`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One of the anterior feet of a quadruped or multiped; — usually written <i>fore foot</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Shipbuilding)</i> <def>A piece of timber which terminates the keel at the fore end, connecting it with the lower end of the stem.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fore"front`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Foremost part or place.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Set ye Uriah in the <i>forefront</i> of the hottest battle.</blockquote> <i>2 Sam. xi. 15.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, standing in the <i>forefront</i> for all time, the masters of those who know.</blockquote> <i>J. C. Shairp.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fore"game`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A first game; first plan.</def> [Obs.] <i>Whitlock.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fore"gang`er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Prop., a goer before cf. G. <i>voreg&auml;nger</i>. See <u>Fore</u>, and <u>Gang</u>.] <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>A short rope grafted on a harpoon, to which a longer line may be attached.</def> <i>Totten.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fore*gath"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Forgather</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fore"gift`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Law)</i> <def>A premium paid by a lessee when taking his lease.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fore"gleam`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>An antecedent or premonitory gleam; a dawning light.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>foregleams</i> of wisdom.</blockquote> <i>Whittier.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fore*go"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp.</i></pos> <u>Forewent 2</u>; <pos><i>p. p.</i></pos> <u>Foregone</u> (?; 115); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Foregoing</u>.] [See <u>Forgo</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To quit; to relinquish; to leave.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Stay at the third cup, or <i>forego</i> the place.</blockquote> <i>Herbert.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To relinquish the enjoyment or advantage of; to give up; to resign; to renounce; — said of a thing already enjoyed, or of one within reach, or anticipated.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>All my patrimony,,<BR> If need be, I am ready to <i>forego</i>.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Thy lovers must their promised heaven <i>forego</i>.</blockquote> <i>Keble.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>[He] never <i>forewent</i> an opportunity of honest profit.</blockquote> <i>R. L. Stevenson.</i></p>

<p>&fist; <i>Forgo</i> is the better spelling etymologically, but the word has been confused with <u>Forego</u>, to go before.</p>

<p><hw>Fore*go"</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [AS. <i>foreg&amacr;n</i>; <i>fore</i> + <i>g&amacr;n</i> to go; akin to G. <i>vorgehen</i> to go before, precede. See <u>Go</u>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos>] <def>To go before; to precede; — used especially in the present and past participles.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Pleasing remembrance of a thought <i>foregone</i>.</blockquote> <i>Wordsworth.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>For which the very mother's face <i>forewent</i><BR> The mother's special patience.</blockquote> <i>Mrs. Browning.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Foregone conclusion</b></col>, <cd>one which has preceded argument or examination; one predetermined.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fore*go"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who goes before another; a predecessor; hence, an ancestor; a progenitor.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A purveyor of the king; — so called, formerly, from <i>going before</i> to provide for his household.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Fore*go"er</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Etymologically <i>forgoer</i>.] <def>One who forbears to enjoy.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fore"ground`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>On a painting, and sometimes in a bas-relief, mosaic picture, or the like, that part of the scene represented, which is nearest to the spectator, and therefore occupies the lowest part of the work of art itself. Cf. <u>Distance</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, 6.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fore*guess"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To conjecture.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Fore"gut`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>The anterior part of the alimentary canal, from the mouth to the intestine, or to the entrance of the bile duct.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fore"hand`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>All that part of a horse which is before the rider.</def> <i>Johnson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The chief or most important part.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Superiority; advantage; start; precedence.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>And, but for ceremony, such a wretch . . . <BR> Had the <i>forehand</i> and vantage of a king.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fore"hand`</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Done beforehand; anticipative.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>And so extenuate the <i>forehand</i> sin.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fore"hand`ed</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Early; timely; seasonable.</def> "<i>Forehanded</i> care." <i>Jer. Taylor.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Beforehand with one's needs, or having resources in advance of one's necessities; in easy circumstances; as, a <i>forehanded</i> farmer.</def> [U.S.]</p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Formed in the forehand or fore parts.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A substantial, true-bred beast, bravely <i>forehanded</i>.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fore"head</hw> (?; 277), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The front of that part of the head which incloses the brain; that part of the face above the eyes; the brow.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The aspect or countenance; assurance.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>To look with <i>forehead</i> bold and big enough<BR> Upon the power and puissance of the king.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>The front or fore part of anything.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Flames in the <i>forehead</i> of the morning sky.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>So rich advantage of a promised glory<BR> As smiles upon the <i>forehead</i> of this action.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fore*hear"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i. & t.</i></pos> <def>To hear beforehand.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fore"hearth`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Metal.)</i> <def>The forward extension of the hearth of a blast furnace under the tymp.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fore*hend"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Forhend</u>.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Fore*hew"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To hew or cut in front.</def> [Obs.] <i>Sackville.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fore"hold`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>The forward part of the hold of a ship.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fore*hold"ing</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Ominous foreboding; superstitious prognostication.</def> [Obs.] <i>L'Estrange.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fore"hook`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>A piece of timber placed across the stem, to unite the bows and strengthen the fore part of the ship; a breast hook.</def></p>

<p><hw>For"eign</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [OE. <i>forein</i>, F. <i>forain</i>, LL. <i>foraneus</i>, fr. L. <i>foras</i>, <i>foris</i>, out of doors, abroad, without; akin to <i>fores</i> doors, and E. <i>door</i>. See <u>Door</u>, and cf. <u>Foreclose</u>, <u>Forfeit</u>, <u>Forest</u>, <u>Forum</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Outside; extraneous; separated; alien; as, a <i>foreign</i> country; a <i>foreign</i> government.</def> "<i>Foreign</i> worlds." <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Not native or belonging to a certain country; born in or belonging to another country, nation, sovereignty, or locality; as, a <i>foreign</i> language; <i>foreign</i> fruits.</def> "Domestic and <i>foreign</i> writers." <i>Atterbury.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Hail, <i>foreign</i> wonder!<BR> Whom certain these rough shades did never breed.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Remote; distant; strange; not belonging; not connected; not pertaining or pertient; not appropriate; not harmonious; not agreeable; not congenial; — with <i>to</i> or <i>from</i>; as, <i>foreign</i> to the purpose; <i>foreign</i> to one's nature.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>This design is not <i>foreign</i> from some people's thoughts.</blockquote> <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Held at a distance; excluded; exiled.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Kept him a <i>foreign</i> man still; which so grieved him,<BR> That he ran mad and died.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Foreign attachment</b></col> <i>(Law)</i>, <cd>a process by which the property of a foreign or absent debtor is attached for the satisfaction of a debt due from him to the plaintiff; an attachment of the goods, effects, or credits of a debtor in the hands of a third person; — called in some States <i>trustee</i>, in others <i>factorizing</i>, and in others <i>garnishee</i> process.</cd> <i>Kent.</i> <i>Tomlins.</i> <i>Cowell.</i> — <col><b>Foreign bill</b></col>, <cd>a bill drawn in one country, and payable in another, as distinguished from an inland bill, which is one drawn and payable in the same country. In this latter, as well as in several other points of view, the different States of the United States are foreign to each other. See <u>Exchange</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, 4.</cd> <i>Kent.</i> <i>Story.</i> — <col><b>Foreign body</b></col> <i>(Med.)</i>, <cd>a substance occurring in any part of the body where it does not belong, and usually introduced from without.</cd> - - <col><b>Foreign office</b></col>, <cd>that department of the government of Great Britain which has charge British interests in foreign countries.</cd></p>

<p><! p. 584 !></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Outlandish; alien; exotic; remote; distant; extraneous; extrinsic.</p>

<p><hw>For"eign*er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A person belonging to or owning allegiance to a foreign country; one not native in the country or jurisdiction under consideration, or not naturalized there; an alien; a stranger.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Joy is such a <i>foreigner</i>,<BR> So mere a stranger to my thoughts.</blockquote> <i>Denham.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Nor could the majesty of the English crown appear in a greater luster, either to <i>foreigners</i> or subjects.</blockquote> <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><hw>For"eign*ism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Anything peculiar to a foreign language or people; a foreign idiom or custom.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>It is a pity to see the technicalities of the so- called liberal professions distigured by <i>foreignisms</i>.</blockquote> <i>Fitzed. Hall.</i></p>

<p><hw>For"eign*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality of being foreign; remoteness; want of relation or appropriateness.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Let not the <i>foreignness</i> of the subject hinder you from endeavoring to set me right.</blockquote> <i>Locke.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>A <i>foreignness</i> of complexion.</blockquote> <i>G. Eliot.</i></p>

<p><hw>For"ein</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Foreign.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fore*judge"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<i>Fore</i> + <i>judge</i>.] <def>To judge beforehand, or before hearing the facts and proof; to prejudge.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fore*judge"</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [For <i>forjudge</i>, fr. F. <i>forjuger</i>; OF. <i>fors</i> outside, except + F. <i>juger</i> to judge.] <i>(O. Eng. Law)</i> <def>To expel from court for some offense or misconduct, as an attorney or officer; to deprive or put out of a thing by the judgment of a court.</def> <i>Burrill.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fore*judg"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Eng. Law)</i> <def>A judgment by which one is deprived or put out of a right or thing in question.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fore*judg"ment</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Prejudgment.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fore*know"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp.</i></pos> <u>Foreknew</u> (?); <pos><i>p. p.</i></pos> <u>Foreknown</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Foreknowing</u>.] <def>To have previous knowledge of; to know beforehand.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Who would the miseries of man <i>foreknow</i>?</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fore*know"a*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>That may be foreknown.</def> <i>Dr. H. More.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fore*know"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who foreknows.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fore*know"ing*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>With foreknowledge.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He who . . . <i>foreknowingly</i> loses his life.</blockquote> <i>Jer. Taylor.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fore*knowl"edge</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Knowledge of a thing before it happens, or of whatever is to happen; prescience.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>If I foreknew,<BR> <i>Foreknowledge</i> had no influence on their fault.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>For"el</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>forel</i>case, sheath, OF. <i>forel</i>, <i>fourel</i>, F. <i>fourreau</i>, LL. <i>forellus</i>, fr. OF. <i>forre</i>, <i>fuerre</i>, sheath, case, of German origin; cf. OHG. <i>fuotar</i>, akin to Goth. <i>f&omacr;dr</i>; prob. not the same word as E. <i>fodder</i> food. Cf. <u>Fur</u>, <u>Fodder</u> food.] <def>A kind of parchment for book covers. See <u>Forrill</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>For"el</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To bind with a forel.</def> [R.] <i>Fuller.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fore"land`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A promontory or cape; a headland; as, the North and South <i>Foreland</i> in Kent, England.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Fort.)</i> <def>A piece of ground between the wall of a place and the moat.</def> <i>Farrow.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Hydraul. Engin.)</i> <def>That portion of the natural shore on the outside of the embankment which receives the stock of waves and deadens their force.</def> <i>Knight.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fore*lay"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To lay down beforehand.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>These grounds being <i>forelaid</i> and understood.</blockquote> <i>Mede.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To waylay. See <u>Forlay</u>.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Fore*lead"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who leads others by his example; a guide.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fore*lend"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Forlend</u>.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>As if that life to losse they had <i>forelent</i>.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fore*let"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Forlet</u>.</def> [Obs.] <i>Holland.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fore*lie"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To lie in front of.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Which <i>forelay</i><BR> Athwart her snowy breast.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fore*lift"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To lift up in front.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Fore"lock`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The lock of hair that grows from the forepart of the head.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Mech.)</i> <def>A cotter or split pin, as in a slot in a bolt, to prevent retraction; a linchpin; a pin fastening the cap-square of a gun.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Forelock bolt</b></col>, <cd>a bolt retained by a key, gib, or cotter passing through a slot.</cd> — <col><b>Forelock hook</b></col> <i>(Rope Making)</i>, <cd>a winch or whirl by which a bunch of three yarns is twisted into a standard.</cd> <i>Knight.</i> — <col><b>To take</b></col> <col><b>time, or occasion</b></col>, <col><b>by the forelock</b></col>, <cd>to make prompt use of anything; not to let slip an opportunity.</cd></p>

<p><blockquote>Time is painted with a lock before and bald behind, signifying thereby that we must <i>take time by the forelock</i>; for when it is once past, there is no recalling it.</blockquote> <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>On <i>occasion's forelock</i> watchful wait.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fore*look"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To look beforehand or forward.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fore"man</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Foremen</b></plw> (&?;). <def>The first or chief man</def>; as: <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The chief man of a jury, who acts as their speaker.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The chief of a set of hands employed in a shop, or on works of any kind, who superintends the rest; an overseer.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fore"mast`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>The mast nearest the bow.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Foremast</b></col> <col><b>hand or man</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>a common sailor; also, a man stationed to attend to the gear of the foremast.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fore*meant"</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Intended beforehand; premeditated.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fore"men`tioned</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Mentioned before; already cited; aforementioned.</def> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fore"milk`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Physiol.)</i> <def>The milk secreted just before, or directly after, the birth of a child or of the young of an animal; colostrum.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fore"most`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [OE. <i>formest</i> first, AS. <i>formest</i>, <i>fyrmest</i>, superl. of <i>forma</i> first, which is a superl. fr. <i>fore</i> fore; cf. Goth. <i>frumist</i>, <i>fruma</i>, first. See <u>Fore</u>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos>, and cf. <u>First</u>, <u>Former</u>, <u>Frame</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>, <u>Prime</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <def>First in time or place; most advanced; chief in rank or dignity; as, the <i>foremost</i> troops of an army.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>THat struck the <i>foremost</i> man of all this world.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fore"most`ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In the foremost place or order; among the foremost.</def> <i>J. Webster.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fore"moth`er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A female ancestor.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fore"name`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A name that precedes the family name or surname; a first name.</def> <i>Selden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fore"name`</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To name or mention before.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fore"named`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Named before; aforenamed.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fore*nenst"</hw> (?), <pos><i>prep.</i></pos> [See <u>Fore</u>, and <u>Anent</u>.] <def>Over against; opposite to.</def> [Now dialectic]</p>

<p><blockquote>The land <i>forenenst</i> the Greekish shore.</blockquote> <i>Fairfax.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fore"-night`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The evening between twilight and bedtime.</def> [Scot.]</p>

<p><hw>Fore"noon"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The early part of the day, from morning to meridian, or noon.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fore"no`tice</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Notice or information of an event before it happens; forewarning.</def> [R.] <i>Rymer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fo*ren"sal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Forensic.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Fo*ren"sic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>forensis</i>, fr. <i>forum</i> a public place, market place. See <u>Forum</u>.] <def>Belonging to courts of judicature or to public discussion and debate; used in legal proceedings, or in public discussions; argumentative; rhetorical; as, <i>forensic</i> eloquence or disputes.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Forensic medicine</b></col>, <cd>medical jurisprudence; medicine in its relations to law.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fo*ren"sic</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Amer. Colleges)</i> <def>An exercise in debate; a forensic contest; an argumentative thesis.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fo*ren"sic*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Forensic.</def> <i>Berkley.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fore`or*dain"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To ordain or appoint beforehand; to preordain; to predestinate; to predetermine.</def> <i>Hooker.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fore*or"di*nate</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To foreordain.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fore*or`di*na"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Previous ordination or appointment; predetermination; predestination.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Fore" part`</hw> (?), or <hw>Fore"part`</hw> }, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The part most advanced, or first in time or in place; the beginning.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fore"past`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Bygone.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fore`pos*sessed"</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Holding or held formerly in possession.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Preoccupied; prepossessed; pre&euml;ngaged.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Not extremely <i>forepossessed</i> with prejudice.</blockquote> <i>Bp. Sanderson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fore*prize"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To prize or rate beforehand.</def> [Obs.] <i>Hooker.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fore`prom"ised</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Promised beforehand; pre&euml;ngaged.</def> <i>Bp. Hall.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fore"quot`ed</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Cited before; quoted in a foregoing part of the treatise or essay.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fore*ran"</hw> (?), <def><pos><i>imp.</i></pos> of <u>Forerun</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fore"rank`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The first rank; the front.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fore*reach"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>To advance or gain upon; — said of a vessel that gains upon another when sailing closehauled.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fore*reach"</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>To shoot ahead, especially when going in stays.</def> <i>R. H. Dana, Jr.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fore*read"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To tell beforehand; to signify by tokens; to predestine.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fore`re*cit"ed</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Named or recited before.</def> "The <i>forerecited</i> practices." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fore`re*mem"bered</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Called to mind previously.</def> <i>Bp. Montagu.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fore"right`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Ready; directly forward; going before.</def> [Obs.] "A <i>foreright</i> wind." <i>Chapman.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fore"right`</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>Right forward; onward.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Fore*run"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To turn before; to precede; to be in advance of (something following).</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To come before as an earnest of something to follow; to introduce as a harbinger; to announce.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>These signs <i>forerun</i> the death or fall of kings.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fore*run"ner</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A messenger sent before to give notice of the approach of others; a harbinger; a sign foreshowing something; a prognostic; as, the <i>forerunner</i> of a fever.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Whither the <i>forerunner</i> in for us entered, even Jesus.</blockquote> <i>Heb. vi. 20.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>My elder brothers, my <i>forerunners</i>, came.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A predecessor; an ancestor.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>A piece of rag terminating the log line.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fore"said`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Mentioned before; aforesaid.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fore"sail`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Naut.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The sail bent to the foreyard of a square- rigged vessel, being the lowest sail on the foremast.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The gaff sail set on the foremast of a schooner.</def> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <def>The fore staysail of a sloop, being the triangular sail next forward of the mast.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fore*say"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [AS. <i>foresecgan</i>; <i>fore + secgan</i> to say. See <u>Say</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>] <def>To foretell.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Her danger nigh that sudden change <i>foresaid</i>.</blockquote> <i>Fairfax.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fore*see"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [AS. <i>forese&oacute;n</i>; <i>fore + se&oacute;n</i> to see. See <u>See</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To see beforehand; to have prescience of; to foreknow.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A prudent man <i>foreseeth</i> the evil.</blockquote> <i>Prov. xxii. 3.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To provide.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Great shoals of people, which go on to populate, without <i>foreseeing</i> means of life.</blockquote> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fore*see"</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To have or exercise foresight.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Fore*seen"</hw> (?), <pos><i>conj.</i></pos>, or (strictly) <pos><i>p. p.</i></pos> <def>Provided; in case that; on condition that.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>One manner of meat is most sure to every complexion, <i>foreseen</i> that it be alway most commonly in conformity of qualities, with the person that eateth.</blockquote> <i>Sir T. Elyot.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fore*se"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who foresees or foreknows.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fore*seize"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To seize beforehand.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fore*shad"ow</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To shadow or typi&?;y beforehand; to prefigure.</def> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fore*shew"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Foreshow</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fore"ship`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The fore part of a ship.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Fore*short"en</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Fine Art)</i> <def>To represent on a plane surface, as if extended in a direction toward the spectator or nearly so; to shorten by drawing in perspective.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Fig.: To represent pictorially to the imagination.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Songs, and deeds, and lives that lie<BR> <i>Foreshortened</i> in the tract of time.</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fore*short"en*ing</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Fine Arts)</i> <def>Representation in a foreshortened mode or way.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fore"shot`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>In distillation of low wines, the first portion of spirit that comes over, being a fluid abounding in fusel oil.</def> <i>Knight.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fore*show"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [AS. <i>foresce&aacute;wian</i> to foresee, provide; <i>fore + sce&aacute;wian</i> to see. See <u>Show</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>] <def>To show or exhibit beforehand; to give foreknowledge of; to prognosticate; to foretell.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Your looks <i>foreshow</i><BR> You have a gentle heart.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Next, like Aurora, Spenser rose,<BR> Whose purple blush the day <i>foreshows</i>.</blockquote> <i>Denham.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fore*show"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who predicts.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fore"side</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The front side; the front; esp., a stretch of country fronting the sea.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The outside or external covering.</def> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fore"sight`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act or the power of foreseeing; prescience; foreknowledge.</def> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Action in reference to the future; provident care; prudence; wise forethought.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>This seems an unseasonable <i>foresight</i>.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>A random expense, without plan or <i>foresight</i>.</blockquote> <i>Burke.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Surv.)</i> <def>Any sight or reading of the leveling staff, except the backsight; any sight or bearing taken by a compass or theodolite in a forward direction.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Gun.)</i> <def>Muzzle sight. See <i>Fore sight</i>, under <u>Fore</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos></def></p>

<p><hw>Fore"sight`ed</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Sagacious; prudent; provident for the future.</def> <i>Bartram.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fore"sight`ful</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Foresighted.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Fore*sig"ni*fy</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To signify beforehand; to foreshow; to typify.</def> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fore"skin</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>The fold of skin which covers the glans of the penis; the prepuce.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fore"skirt`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The front skirt of a garment, in distinction from the <i>train</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Honor's train<BR> Is longer than his <i>foreskirt</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fore*slack"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [Obs.] <def>See <u>Forslack</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fore"sleeve`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The sleeve below the elbow.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fore*slow"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [See <u>Forslow</u>.] <def>To make slow; to hinder; to obstruct. [Obs.] See <u>Forslow</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos></def></p>

<p><blockquote>No stream, no wood, no mountain could <i>foreslow</i><BR> Their hasty pace.</blockquote> <i>Fairfax.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fore*slow"</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To loiter. [Obs.] See <u>Forslow</u>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos></def></p>

<p><hw>Fore*speak"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [Obs.] <def>See <u>Forspeak</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fore*speak"</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To foretell; to predict.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>My mother was half a witch; never anything that she <i>forespake</i> but came to pass.</blockquote> <i>Beau. & Fl.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fore"speak`ing</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A prediction; also, a preface.</def> [Obs.] <i>Camden. Huloet.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fore"speech`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A preface.</def> [Obs.] <i>Sherwood.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fore*spent"</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Fore</i> + <i>spent</i>.] <def>Already spent; gone by; past.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fore*spent"</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Obs.] <def>See <u>Forspent</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fore*spur"rer</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who rides before; a harbinger.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>For"est</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>forest</i>, F. <i>for&ecirc;t</i>, LL. <i>forestis</i>, also, <i>forestus</i>, <i>forestum</i>, <i>foresta</i>, prop., open ground reserved for the chase, fr. L. <i>foris</i>, <i>foras</i>, out of doors, abroad. See <u>Foreign</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>An extensive wood; a large tract of land covered with trees; in the United States, a wood of native growth, or a tract of woodland which has never been cultivated.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Eng. Law)</i> <def>A large extent or precinct of country, generally waste and woody, belonging to the sovereign, set apart for the keeping of game for his use, not inclosed, but distinguished by certain limits, and protected by certain laws, courts, and officers of its own.</def> <i>Burrill.</i></p>

<p><hw>For"est</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to a forest; sylvan.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Forest fly</b></col>. <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>One of numerous species of blood-sucking flies, of the family <i>Tabanid&aelig;</i>, which attack both men and beasts. See <u>Horse fly</u>.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>A fly of the genus <i>Hippobosca</i>, esp. <i>H. equina</i>. See <u>Horse tick</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Forest glade</b></col>, <cd>a grassy space in a forest.</cd> <i>Thomson.</i> — <col><b>Forest laws</b></col>, <cd>laws for the protection of game, preservation of timber, etc., in forests.</cd> — <col><b>Forest tree</b></col>, <cd>a tree of the forest, especially a timber tree, as distinguished from a <i>fruit tree</i>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>For"est</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To cover with trees or wood.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fore"staff`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>An instrument formerly used at sea for taking the altitudes of heavenly bodies, now superseded by the sextant; — called also <i>cross-staff</i>.</def> <i>Brande & C.</i></p>

<p><hw>For"est*age</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>forestage</i>.] <i>(O. Eng. Law)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A duty or tribute payable to the king's foresters.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A service paid by foresters to the king.</def></p>

<p><hw>For"est*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to forests; as, <i>forestal</i> rights.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fore*stall"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Forestalled</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Forestalling</u>.] [OE. <i>forstallen</i> to stop, to obstruct; to stop (goods) on the way to the market by buying them beforehand, from <i>forstal</i> obstruction, AS. <i>forsteal</i>, <i>foresteall</i>, prop., a placing one's self before another. See <u>Fore</u>, and <u>Stall</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To take beforehand, or in advance; to anticipate.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>What need a man <i>forestall</i> his date of grief,<BR> And run to meet what he would most avoid?</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To take possession of, in advance of some one or something else, to the exclusion or detriment of the latter; to get ahead of; to preoccupy; also, to exclude, hinder, or prevent, by prior occupation, or by measures taken in advance.</def></p>

<p><! p. 585 !></p>

<p><blockquote>An ugly serpent which <i>forestalled</i> their way.</blockquote> <i>Fairfax.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>But evermore those damsels did <i>forestall</i><BR> Their furious encounter.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>To be <i>forestalled</i> ere we come to fall.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Habit is a <i>forestalled</i> and obstinate judge.</blockquote> <i>Rush.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To deprive; — with <i>of</i>.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>All the better; may<BR> This night <i>forestall</i> him of the coming day!</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Eng. Law)</i> <def>To obstruct or stop up, as a way; to stop the passage of on highway; to intercept on the road, as goods on the way to market.</def></p>

<p><col><b>To forestall the market</b></col>, <cd>to buy or contract for merchandise or provision on its way to market, with the intention of selling it again at a higher price; to dissuade persons from bringing their goods or provisions there; or to persuade them to enhance the price when there. This was an offense at law in England until 1844.</cd> <i>Burrill.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — To anticipate; monopolize; engross.</p>

<p><hw>Fore*stall"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who forestalls; esp., one who forestalls the market.</def> <i>Locke.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fore"stay`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>A large, strong rope, reaching from the foremast head to the bowsprit, to support the mast. See <i>Illust.</i> under <u>Ship</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>For"est*er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>forestier</i>, LL. <i>forestarius</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who has charge of the growing timber on an estate; an officer appointed to watch a forest and preserve the game.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>An inhabitant of a forest.</def> <i>Wordsworth.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A forest tree.</def> [R.] <i>Evelyn.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A lepidopterous insect belonging to <i>Alypia</i> and allied genera; as, the eight-spotted <i>forester</i> (<i>A. octomaculata</i>), which in the larval state is injurious to the grapevine.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fore"stick`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Front stick of a hearth fire.</def></p>

<p><hw>For"est*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. OF. <i>foresterie</i>.] <def>The art of forming or of cultivating forests; the management of growing timber.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Fore"swart`</hw> (?), <hw>Fore"swart`</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Obs.] <def>See <u>Forswat</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fore"taste`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A taste beforehand; enjoyment in advance; anticipation.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fore*taste"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To taste before full possession; to have previous enjoyment or experience of; to anticipate.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To taste before another.</def> "<i>Foretasted</i> fruit." <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fore"tast`er</hw> (? or ?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who tastes beforehand, or before another.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fore*teach"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To teach beforehand.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Fore*tell"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Foretold</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Foretelling</u>.] <def>To predict; to tell before occurence; to prophesy; to foreshow.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Deeds then undone my faithful tongue <i>foretold</i>.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Prodigies, <i>foretelling</i> the future eminence and luster of his character.</blockquote> <i>C. Middleton.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — To predict; prophesy; prognosticate; augur.</p>

<p><hw>Fore*tell"</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To utter predictions.</def> <i>Acts iii. 24.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fore*tell"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who predicts.</def> <i>Boyle.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fore*think"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To think beforehand; to anticipate in the mind; to prognosticate.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>The soul of every man<BR> Prophetically doth <i>forethink</i> thy fall.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To contrive (something) beforehend.</def> [Obs.] <i>Bp. Hall.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fore*think"</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To contrive beforehand.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Fore"thought`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Thought of, or planned, beforehand; aforethought; prepense; hence, deliberate.</def> "<i>Forethought</i> malice." <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fore"thought`</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A thinking or planning beforehand; prescience; premeditation; forecast; provident care.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A sphere that will demand from him <i>forethought</i>, courage, and wisdom.</blockquote> <i>I. Taylor.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fore"thought`ful</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having forethought.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Fore"time`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The past; the time before the present.</def> "A very dim <i>foretime</i>." <i>J. C. Shairp.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fore"to`ken</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>foret&amacr;cen</i>. See <u>Token</u>.] <def>Prognostic; previous omen.</def> <i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fore*to"ken</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Foretokened</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Foretokening</u> (?).] [AS. <i>foret&amacr;cnian</i>; <i>fore + t&amacr;cnian</i>.] <def>To foreshow; to presignify; to prognosticate.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Whilst strange prodigious signs <i>foretoken</i> blood.</blockquote> <i>Daniel.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fore" tooth`</hw> (?), <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Fore teeth</b></plw> (&?;). <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>One of the teeth in the forepart of the mouth; an incisor.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fore"top`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The hair on the forepart of the head; esp., a tuft or lock of hair which hangs over the forehead, as of a horse.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>That part of a headdress that is in front; the top of a periwig.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>The platform at the head of the foremast.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fore`-top*gal"lant</hw> (? or ?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>Designating the mast, sail, yard, etc., above the topmast; as, the <i>fore-topgallant</i> sail. See <u>Sail</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fore`-top"mast</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>The mast erected at the head of the foremast, and at the head of which stands the fore-topgallant mast. See <u>Ship</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fore`-top"sail</hw> (? or ?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>See <u>Sail</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>For*ev"er</hw> (f&obreve;r*&ebreve;v"&etilde;r), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> [<i>For</i>, prep. + <i>ever</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Through eternity; through endless ages; eternally.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>At all times; always.</def></p>

<p>&fist; In England, <i>for</i> and <i>ever</i> are usually written and printed as two separate words; but, in the United States, the general practice is to make but a single word of them.</p>

<p><col><b>Forever and ever</b></col>, <cd>an emphatic "forever."</cd></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Constantly; continually; invariably; unchangeably; incessantly; always; perpetually; unceasingly; ceaselessly; interminably; everlastingly; endlessly; eternally.</p>

<p><hw>Fore*vouched"</hw> (f&omacr;r*voucht"), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Formerly vouched or avowed; affirmed in advance.</def> [R.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fore"ward`</hw> (f&omacr;r"w&add;rd`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The van; the front.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>My <i>foreward</i> shall be drawn out all in length,<BR> Consisting equally of horse and foot.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fore*warn"</hw> (f&omacr;r*w&add;rn"), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Forewarned</u> (-w&add;rnd"); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Forewarning</u>.] <def>To warn beforehand; to give previous warning, admonition, information, or notice to; to caution in advance.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>We were <i>forewarned</i> of your coming.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fore*waste"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Forewaste</u>.</def> <i>Gascoigne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fore*wend"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<i>Fore</i> + <i>wend</i>.] <def>To go before.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fore*wish"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To wish beforehand.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fore"wit`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A leader, or would-be leader, in matters of knowledge or taste.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Nor that the <i>forewits</i>, that would draw the rest unto their liking, always like the best.</blockquote> <i>B. Jonson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Foresight; prudence.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Let this <i>forewit</i> guide thy thought.</blockquote> <i>Southwell.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fore*wite"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>pres. indic. sing., 1st & 3d pers.</i></pos> <u>Forewot</u> (?), <pos><i>2d person</i></pos> <u>Forewost</u> (&?;), <pos><i>pl.</i></pos> <u>Forewiten</u> (&?;); <pos><i>imp. sing.</i></pos> <u>Forewiste</u> (?), <pos><i>pl.</i></pos> <u>Forewisten</u> (&?;); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Forewiting</u> (?).] [AS. <i>forewitan</i>. See <u>Wit</u> to know.] <def>To foreknow.</def> [Obs.] [Written also <i>forwete</i>.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fore"wom`an</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Forewomen</b></plw> (&?;). <def>A woman who is chief; a woman who has charge of the work or workers in a shop or other place; a head woman.</def> <i>Tatler.</i> <i>W. Besant.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fore"word`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A preface.</def> <i>Furnvall.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fore*worn"</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See <u>Forworn</u>.] <def>Worn out; wasted; used up.</def> [Archaic]</p>

<p><blockquote>Old <i>foreworn</i> stories almost forgotten.</blockquote> <i>Brydges.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fore*wot"</hw> (?), <def><pos><i>pres. indic., 1st & 3d pers. sing.</i></pos> of <u>Forewite</u>.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fore"yard`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>The lowermost yard on the foremast.</def> [See <i>Illust.</i> of <u>Ship</u>.]</p>

<p><hw>For"fal*ture</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Forfeiture.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>For"feit</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>forfet</i> crime, penalty, F. <i>forfait</i> crime (LL. <i>forefactum</i>, <i>forifactum</i>), prop. p. p. of <i>forfaire</i> to forfeit, transgress, fr. LL. <i>forifacere</i>, prop., to act beyond; L. <i>foris</i> out of doors, abroad, beyond + <i>facere</i> to do. See <u>Foreign</u>, and <u>Fact</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Injury; wrong; mischief.</def> [Obs. & R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>To seek arms upon people and country that never did us any <i>forfeit</i>.</blockquote> <i>Ld. Berners.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A thing forfeit or forfeited; what is or may be taken from one in requital of a misdeed committed; that which is lost, or the right to which is alienated, by a crime, offense, neglect of duty, or breach of contract; hence, a fine; a mulct; a penalty; as, he who murders pays the <i>forfeit</i> of his life.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Thy slanders I forgive; and therewithal<BR> Remit thy other <i>forfeits</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Something deposited and redeemable by a sportive fine; — whence the game of <i>forfeits</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Country dances and <i>forfeits</i> shortened the rest of the day.</blockquote> <i>Goldsmith.</i></p>

<p><hw>For"feit</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [F. <i>forfait</i>, p. p. of <i>forfaire</i>. See <u>Forfeit</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <def>Lost or alienated for an offense or crime; liable to penal seizure.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Thy wealth being <i>forfeit</i> to the state.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>To tread the <i>forfeit</i> paradise.</blockquote> <i>Emerson.</i></p>

<p><hw>For"feit</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Forfeited</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Forfeiting</u>.] [OE. <i>forfeten</i>. See <u>Forfeit</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <def>To lose, or lose the right to, by some error, fault, offense, or crime; to render one's self by misdeed liable to be deprived of; to alienate the right to possess, by some neglect or crime; as, to <i>forfeit</i> an estate by treason; to <i>forfeit</i> reputation by a breach of promise; — with <i>to</i> before the one acquiring what is forfeited.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>[They] had <i>forfeited</i> their property by their crimes.</blockquote> <i>Burke.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Undone and <i>forfeited</i> to cares forever!</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>For"feit</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To be guilty of a misdeed; to be criminal; to transgress.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To fail to keep an obligation.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>I will have the heart of him if he <i>forfeit</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>For"feit</hw>, <pos><i>p. p. or a.</i></pos> <def>In the condition of being forfeited; subject to alienation.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Once more I will renew<BR> His laps&egrave;d powers, though <i>forfeite</i>.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>For"feit*a*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Liable to be forfeited; subject to forfeiture.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>For the future, uses shall be subject to the statutes of mortmain, and <i>forfeitable</i>, like the lands themselves.</blockquote> <i>Blackstone.</i></p>

<p><hw>For"feit*er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who incurs a penalty of forfeiture.</def></p>

<p><hw>For"fei*ture</hw> (?; 135), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>forfeiture</i>, LL. <i>forisfactura</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of forfeiting; the loss of some right, privilege, estate, honor, office, or effects, by an offense, crime, breach of condition, or other act.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Under pain of <i>foreiture</i> of the said goods.</blockquote> <i>Hakluyt.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>That which is forfeited; a penalty; a fine or mulct.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>What should I gain<BR> By the exaction of the <i>forfeiture</i>?</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Fine; mulct; amercement; penalty.</p>

<p><hw>For*fend"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>for-</i> + <i>fend</i>. See <u>Forewend</u>.] <def>To prohibit; to forbid; to avert.</def> [Archaic]</p>

<p><blockquote>Which peril heaven <i>forefend</i>!</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p>&fist; This is etymologically the preferable spelling.</p>

<p><hw>For*fer"ed</hw> (?), <pos><i>p. p. & a.</i></pos> [See <u>For- </u>, and <u>Fear</u>.] <def>Excessively alarmed; in great fear.</def> [Obs.] "<i>Forfered</i> of his death." <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>For"fete</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [See <u>Forfeit</u>.] <def>To incur a penalty; to transgress.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>And all this suffered our Lord Jesus Christ that never <i>forfeted</i>.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>||For"fex</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L.] <def>A pair of shears.</def> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><hw>For"fi*cate</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>forfex</i>, <i>forficis</i>, shears.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Deeply forked, as the tail of certain birds.</def></p>

<p><hw>||For*fic"u*la</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., small shears, scissors, dim. of <i>forfex</i> shears.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A genus of insects including the earwigs. See <u>Earwig</u>, 1.</def></p>

<p><hw>For*gath"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To convene; to gossip; to meet accidentally.</def> [Scot.] <i>Jamieson.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Within that circle he <i>forgathered</i> with many a fool.</blockquote> <i>Wilson.</i></p>

<p><hw>For*gave"</hw> (?), <def><pos><i>imp.</i></pos> of <u>Forgive</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Forge</hw> (f&omacr;rj), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>forge</i>, fr. L. <i>fabrica</i> the workshop of an artisan who works in hard materials, fr. <i>faber</i> artisan, smith, as adj., skillful, ingenious; cf. Gr. &?; soft, tender. Cf. <u>Fabric</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A place or establishment where iron or other metals are wrought by heating and hammering; especially, a furnace, or a shop with its furnace, etc., where iron is heated and wrought; a smithy.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>In the quick <i>forge</i> and working house of thought.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The works where wrought iron is produced directly from the ore, or where iron is rendered malleable by puddling and shingling; a shingling mill.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>The act of beating or working iron or steel; the manufacture of metallic bodies.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>In the greater bodies the <i>forge</i> was easy.</blockquote> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><col><b>American forge</b></col>, <cd>a forge for the direct production of wrought iron, differing from the old Catalan forge mainly in using finely crushed ore and working continuously.</cd> <i>Raymond.</i> — <col><b>Catalan forge</b></col>. <i>(Metal.)</i> <cd>See under <u>Catalan</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Forge cinder</b></col>, <cd>the dross or slag form a forge or bloomary.</cd> — <col><b>Forge rolls</b></col>, <col><b>Forge train</b></col>, <cd>the train of rolls by which a bloom is converted into puddle bars.</cd> — <col><b>Forge wagon</b></col> <i>(Mil.)</i>, <cd>a wagon fitted up for transporting a blackmith's forge and tools.</cd> — <col><b>Portable forge</b></col>, <cd>a light and compact blacksmith's forge, with bellows, etc., that may be moved from place to place.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Forge</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Forged</u> (f&omacr;rjd); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Forging</u> (?).] [F. <i>forger</i>, OF. <i>forgier</i>, fr. L. <i>fabricare</i>, <i>fabricari</i>, to form, frame, fashion, from <i>fabrica</i>. See <u>Forge</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, and cf. <u>Fabricate</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To form by heating and hammering; to beat into any particular shape, as a metal.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Mars's armor <i>forged</i> for proof eterne.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To form or shape out in any way; to produce; to frame; to invent.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Those names that the schools <i>forged</i>, and put into the mouth of scholars, could never get admittance into common use.</blockquote> <i>Locke.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Do <i>forge</i> a life-long trouble for ourselves.</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To coin.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To make falsely; to produce, as that which is untrue or not genuine; to fabricate; to counterfeit, as, a signature, or a signed document.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>That paltry story is untrue,<BR> And <i>forged</i> to cheat such gulls as you.</blockquote> <i>Hudibras.</i></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Forged</i> certificates of his . . . moral character.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — To fabricate; counterfeit; feign; falsify.</p>

<p><hw>Forge</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [See <u>Forge</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>, and for sense 2, cf. <u>Forge</u> compel.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To commit forgery.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>To move heavily and slowly, as a ship after the sails are furled; to work one's way, as one ship in outsailing another; — used especially in the phrase <i>to forge ahead</i>.</def> <i>Totten.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>And off she [a ship] <i>forged</i> without a shock.</blockquote> <i>De Quincey.</i></p>

<p><hw>Forge</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>To impel forward slowly; as, to <i>forge</i> a ship forward.</def></p>

<p><hw>Forge"man</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Forgemen</b></plw> (&?;). <def>A skilled smith, who has a hammerer to assist him.</def></p>

<p><hw>For"ger</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>[Cf. F. <i>forgeur</i> metal worker, L. <i>fabricator</i> artificer. See <u>Forge</u>, <pos><i>n. & v. t.</i></pos>, and cf. <u>Fabricator</u>.] <def>One who forges, makes, of forms; a fabricator; a falsifier.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Especially: One guilty of forgery; one who makes or issues a counterfeit document.</def></p>

<p><hw>For"ger*y</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Forgeries</b></plw> (#). [Cf. F. <i>forgerie</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of forging metal into shape.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Useless the <i>forgery</i><BR> Of brazen shield and spear.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The act of forging, fabricating, or producing falsely; esp., the crime of fraudulently making or altering a writing or signature purporting to be made by another; the false making or material alteration of or addition to a written instrument for the purpose of deceit and fraud; as, the <i>forgery</i> of a bond.</def> <i>Bouvier.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>That which is forged, fabricated, falsely devised, or counterfeited.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>These are the <i>forgeries</i> of jealously.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The writings going under the name of Aristobulus were a <i>forgery</i> of the second century.</blockquote> <i>Waterland.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — <u>Counterfeit</u>; <u>Forgery</u>. <i>Counterfeit</i> is chiefly used of imitations of coin, or of paper money, or of securities depending upon pictorial devices and engraved designs for identity or assurance of genuineness. <i>Forgery</i> is more properly applied to making a false imitation of an instrument depending on signatures to show genuineness and validity. <i>Abbott.</i></p>

<p><! p. 586 !></p>

<p><hw>For*get"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp.</i></pos> <u>Forgot</u> (?) (<u>Forgat</u> (&?;), Obs.); <pos><i>p. p.</i></pos> <u>Forgotten</u> (?), <u>Forgot</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Forgetting</u>.] [OE. <i>forgeten</i>, <i>foryeten</i>, AS. <i>forgietan</i>, <i>forgitan</i>; pref. <i>for-</i> + <i>gietan</i>, <i>gitan</i> (only in comp.), to get; cf. D. <i>vergeten</i>, G. <i>vergessen</i>, Sw. <i>f&ouml;rg&auml;ta</i>, Dan. <i>forgiette</i>. See <u>For-</u>, and <u>Get</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To lose the remembrance of; to let go from the memory; to cease to have in mind; not to think of; also, to lose the power of; to cease from doing.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Bless the Lord, O my soul, and <i>forget</i> not all his benefits.</blockquote> <i>Ps. ciii. 2.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Let my right hand <i>forget</i> her cunning.</blockquote> <i>Ps. cxxxvii. 5.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Hath thy knee <i>forget</i> to bow?</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To treat with inattention or disregard; to slight; to neglect.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Can a woman <i>forget</i> her sucking child? . . . Yes, they may <i>forget</i>, yet will I not <i>forget</i> thee.</blockquote> <i>Is. xlix. 15.</i></p>

<p><col><b>To forget one's self</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>To become unmindful of one's own personality; to be lost in thought.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>To be entirely unselfish.</cd> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <cd>To be guilty of what is unworthy of one; to lose one's dignity, temper, or self-control.</cd></p>

<p><hw>For*get"ful</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Apt to forget; easily losing remembrance; as, a <i>forgetful</i> man should use helps to strengthen his memory.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Heedless; careless; neglectful; inattentive.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Be not <i>forgetful</i> to entertain strangers.</blockquote> <i>Heb. xiii. 2.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Causing to forget; inducing oblivion; oblivious.</def> [Archaic or Poetic] "The <i>forgetful</i> wine." <i>J. Webster.</i></p>

<p><hw>For*get"ful*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a forgetful manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>For*get"ful*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The quality of being forgetful; prononess to let slip from the mind.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Loss of remembrance or recollection; a ceasing to remember; oblivion.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A sweet <i>forgetfulness</i> of human care.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Failure to bear in mind; careless omission; inattention; as, <i>forgetfulness</i> of duty.</def></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — <u>Forgetfulnes</u>, <u>Oblivion</u>. <i>Forgetfulness</i> is Anglo-Saxon, and <i>oblivion</i> is Latin. The former commonly has reference to persons, and marks a state of mind; the latter commonly has reference to things, and indicates a condition into which they are sunk. We blame a man for his <i>forgetfulness</i>; we speak of some old custom as buried in <i>oblivion</i>. But this discrimination is not strictly adhered to.</p>

<p><hw>For"ge*tive</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [From <u>Forge</u>.] <def>Inventive; productive; capable.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>For*get"-me-not`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. G. <i>vergissmeinnicht</i>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A small herb, of the genus <i>Myosotis</i> (<i>M. palustris</i>, <i>incespitosa</i>, etc.), bearing a beautiful blue flower, and extensively considered the emblem of fidelity.</def></p>

<p>&fist; Formerly the name was given to the <i>Ajuga Cham&aelig;pitus</i>.</p>

<p><hw>For*get"ta*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Liable to be, or that may be, forgotten.</def> <i>Carlyle.</i></p>

<p><hw>For*get"ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who forgets; a heedless person.</def> <i>Johnson.</i></p>

<p><hw>For*get"ting*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>By forgetting.</def></p>

<p><hw>For"ging</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of shaping metal by hammering or pressing.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The act of counterfeiting.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Mach.)</i> <def>A piece of forged work in metal; — a general name for a piece of hammered iron or steel.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>There are very few yards in the world at which such <i>forgings</i> could be turned out.</blockquote> <i>London Times.</i></p>

<p><hw>For*giv"a*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Capable of being forgiven; pardonable; venial.</def> <i>Sherwood.</i></p>

<p><hw>For*give"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp.</i></pos> <u>Forgave</u> (?); <pos><i>p. p.</i></pos> <u>Forgiven</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Forgiving</u>] [OE. <i>forgiven</i>, <i>foryiven</i>, <i>foryeven</i>, AS. <i>forgiefan</i>, <i>forgifan</i>; perh. <i>for- </i> + <i>giefan</i>, <i>gifan</i> to give; cf. D. <i>vergeven</i>, G. <i>vergeben</i>, Icel. <i>fyrirgefa</i>, Sw. <i>f&?;rgifva</i>, Goth. <i>fragiban</i> to give, grant. See <u>For-</u>, and <u>Give</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To give wholly; to make over without reservation; to resign.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>To them that list the world's gay shows I leave,<BR> And to great ones such folly do <i>forgive</i>.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To give up resentment or claim to requital on account of (an offense or wrong); to remit the penalty of; to pardon; — said in reference to the act forgiven.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>And their sins should be <i>forgiven</i> them.</blockquote> <i>Mark iv. 12.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>He <i>forgive</i> injures so readily that he might be said to invite them.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To cease to feel resentment against, on account of wrong committed; to give up claim to requital from or retribution upon (an offender); to absolve; to pardon; — said of the person offending.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Father, <i>forgive</i> them; for they know not what they do.</blockquote> <i>Luke xxiii. 34.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>I as free <i>forgive</i> you, as I would be <i>fforgiven</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p>&fist; Sometimes both the person and the offense follow as objects of the verb, sometimes one and sometimes the other being the indirect object. "<i>Forgive</i> us our debts as we <i>forgive</i> our debtors." <i>Matt. vi. 12.</i> "Be of good cheer; thy sins be <i>forgiven</i> thee." <i>Matt. ix. 2.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — See <u>excuse</u>.</p>

<p><hw>For*give"ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>forgifnes</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of forgiving; the state of being forgiven; as, the <i>forgiveness</i> of sin or of injuries.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>To the Lord our God belong mercies and <i>forgivenesses</i>.</blockquote> <i>Dan. ix. 9.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>In whom we have . . . the <i>forgiveness</i> of sin.</blockquote> <i>Eph. i. 7.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Disposition to pardon; willingness to forgive.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>If thou, Lord, shouldest mark iniquities, O Lord, who shall stand? But there is <i>forgiveness</i> with thee, that thou mayest be feared.</blockquote> <i>Ps. cxxx. 3, 4.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Pardon, remission. — <u>Forgiveness</u>, <u>Pardon</u>. <i>Forgiveness</i> is Anglo-Saxon, and <i>pardon</i> Norman French, both implying a <i>giving back</i>. The word <i>pardon</i>, being early used in our Bible, has, in religious matters, the same sense as <i>forgiveness</i>; but in the language of common life there is a difference between them, such as we often find between corresponding Anglo-Saxon and Norman words. <i>Forgive</i> points to inward feeling, and suppose alienated affection; when we ask <i>forgiveness</i>, we primarily seek the removal of anger. <i>Pardon</i> looks more to outward things or consequences, and is often applied to trifling matters, as when we beg <i>pardon</i> for interrupting a man, or for jostling him in a crowd. The civil magistrate also grants a <i>pardon</i>, and not <i>forgiveness</i>. The two words are, therefore, very clearly distinguished from each other in most cases which relate to the common concerns of life.</p>

<p><hw>For*giv"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who forgives.</def> <i>Johnson.</i></p>

<p><hw>For*giv"ing</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Disposed to forgive; inclined to overlook offenses; mild; merciful; compassionate; placable; as, a <i>forgiving</i> temper.</def></p>

<p>— <wf>For*giv"ing*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>For*giv"ing*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>J. C. Shairp.</i></p>

<p><hw>For*go"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp.</i></pos> <u>Forwent</u>; <pos><i>p. p.</i></pos> <u>Forgone</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Forgoing</u>.] [OE. <i>forgan</i>, <i>forgon</i>, <i>forgoon</i>, AS. forg&amacr;n, prop., to go past, hence, to abstain from; pref. <i>for-</i> + <i>g&amacr;n</i> to go; akin to G. <i>vergehen</i> to pass away, to transgress. See <u>Go</u>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos>] <def>To pass by; to leave. See 1st <u>Forego</u>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>For sith [since] I shall <i>forgoon</i> my liberty<BR> At your request.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>And four [days] since Florimell the court <i>forwent</i>.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p>&fist; This word in spelling has been confused with, and almost superseded by, <i>forego</i> to go before. Etymologically the form <i>forgo</i> is correct.</p>

<p><hw>For*got"</hw> (?), <def><pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> of <u>Forget</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>For*got"ten</hw> (?), <def><pos><i>p. p.</i></pos> of <u>Forget</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>For*hall"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>for-</i> + <i>hale</i> to draw.] <def>To harass; to torment; to distress.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>For*hend"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To seize upon.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Fo*rin"se*cal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>forinsecus</i> from without.] <def>Foreign; alien.</def> [Obs.] <i>Bp. Burnet.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fo`ris*fa*mil"i*ate</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Forisfamiliated</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Forisfamiliating</u> (?).] [LL. <i>forisfamiliatus</i>, p. p. of <i>forisfamiliater</i> to forisfamiliate; L. <i>foris</i> abroad, without + <i>familia</i> family.] <i>(LAw)</i> <def>Literally, to put out of a family; hence, to portion off, so as to exclude further claim of inheritance; to emancipate (as a with his own consent) from paternal authority.</def> <i>Blackstone.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fo`ris*fa*mil"i*ate</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <i>(Law)</i> <def>To renounce a legal title to a further share of paternal inheritance.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fo`ris*fa*mil`i*a"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Law)</i> <def>The act of forisfamiliating.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fork</hw> (f&ocirc;rk), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>forc</i>, fr. L. <i>furca</i>. Cf. <u>Fourch&eacute;</u>, <u>Furcate</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>An instrument consisting of a handle with a shank terminating in two or more prongs or tines, which are usually of metal, parallel and slightly curved; — used for piercing, holding, taking up, or pitching anything.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Anything furcate or like a fork in shape, or furcate at the extremity; as, a tuning <i>fork</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>One of the parts into which anything is furcated or divided; a prong; a branch of a stream, a road, etc.; a barbed point, as of an arrow.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Let it fall . . . though the <i>fork</i> invade<BR> The region of my heart.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>A thunderbolt with three <i>forks</i>.</blockquote> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>The place where a division or a union occurs; the angle or opening between two branches or limbs; as, the <i>fork</i> of a river, a tree, or a road.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>The gibbet.</def> [Obs.] <i>Bp. Butler.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Fork beam</b></col> <i>(Shipbuilding)</i>, <cd>a half beam to support a deck, where hatchways occur.</cd> — <col><b>Fork chuck</b></col> <i>(Wood Turning)</i>, <cd>a lathe center having two prongs for driving the work.</cd> — <col><b>Fork head</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>The barbed head of an arrow.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>The forked end of a rod which forms part of a knuckle joint.</cd> — <col><b>In fork</b></col>. <i>(Mining)</i> <cd>A mine is said to be <i>in fork</i>, or an engine to "have the water <i>in fork</i>," when all the water is drawn out of the mine.</cd> <i>Ure.</i> — <col><b>The forks of a river</b></col> or <col><b>a road</b></col>, <cd>the branches into which it divides, or which come together to form it; the place where separation or union takes place.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fork</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Forked</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Forking</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To shoot into blades, as corn.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The corn beginneth to <i>fork</i>.</blockquote> <i>Mortimer.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To divide into two or more branches; as, a road, a tree, or a stream <i>forks</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fork</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To raise, or pitch with a fork, as hay; to dig or turn over with a fork, as the soil.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Forking</i> the sheaves on the high-laden cart.</blockquote> <i>Prof. Wilson.</i></p>

<p><col><b>To fork</b></col> <col><b>over or out</b></col>, <cd>to hand or pay over, as money.</cd> [Slang] <i>G. Eliot.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fork"beard`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A European fish (<i>Raniceps raninus</i>), having a large flat head; — also called <i>tadpole fish</i>, and <i>lesser forked beard</i>.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The European forked hake or hake's-dame (<i>Phycis blennoides</i>); — also called <i>great forked beard</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Forked</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Formed into a forklike shape; having a fork; dividing into two or more prongs or branches; furcated; bifurcated; zigzag; as, the <i>forked</i> lighting.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A serpent seen, with <i>forked</i> tongue.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Having a double meaning; ambiguous; equivocal.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Cross forked</b></col> <i>(Her.)</i>, <cd>a cross, the ends of whose arms are divided into two sharp points; — called also <i>cross double fitch&eacute;</i>. A <i>cross forked of three points</i> is a cross, each of whose arms terminates in three sharp points.</cd> — <col><b>Forked counsel</b></col>, <cd>advice pointing more than one way; ambiguous advice.</cd> [Obs.] <i>B. Jonson.</i></p>

<p>— <wf>Fork"ed*ly</wf> (#), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Fork"ed*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>For*kerve</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [Obs.] <def>See <u>Forcarve</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos></def></p>

<p><hw>Fork"i*ness</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality or state or dividing in a forklike manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fork"less</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having no fork.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fork"tail`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>One of several Asiatic and East Indian passerine birds, belonging to <i>Enucurus</i>, and allied genera. The tail is deeply forked.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A salmon in its fourth year's growth.</def> [Prov. Eng.]</p>

<p><hw>Fork"-tailed`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Having the outer tail feathers longer than the median ones; swallow-tailed; — said of many birds.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Fork-tailed flycatcher</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a tropical American flycatcher (<i>Milvulus tyrannus</i>).</cd> - - <col><b>Fork-tailed gull</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a gull of the genus <i>Xema</i>, of two species, esp. <i>X. Sabinii</i> of the Arctic Ocean.</cd> — <col><b>Fork-tailed kite</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a graceful American kite (<i>Elanoides forficatus</i>); — called also <i>swallow-tailed kite</i>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fork"y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Opening into two or more parts or shoots; forked; furcated.</def> "<i>Forky</i> tongues." <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><hw>For*laft"</hw> (?), obs. <def><pos><i>p. p.</i></pos> of <u>Forleave</u>.</def> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>For*lay"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>for-</i> + <i>lay</i>.] <def>To lie in wait for; to ambush.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>An ambushed thief <i>forlays</i> a traveler.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>For*leave"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [OE. <i>forleven</i>; pref. <i>for-</i> + <i>leven</i> to leave.] <def>To leave off wholly.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>For*lend"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To give up wholly.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>For*lese"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>p. p.</i></pos> <u>Forlore</u> (?), <u>Forlorn</u> (&?;).] [OE. <i>forlesen</i>. See <u>Forlorn</u>.] <def>To lose utterly.</def> [Obs.] <i>haucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>For*let"</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [OE. <i>forleten</i>, AS. <i>forl&aemacr;tan</i>; pref. <i>for-</i> + <i>l&aemacr;tan</i> to allow; akin to G. <i>verlassen</i> to leave. See <u>Let</u> to allow.] <def>To give up; to leave; to abandon.</def> [Obs.] "To <i>forlet</i> sin." <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>For*lie"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Forelie</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>For*lore"</hw> (?), <def><pos><i>imp. pl. & p. p.</i></pos> of <u>Forlese</u>.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>The beasts their caves, the birds their nests <i>forlore</i>.</blockquote> <i>Fairfax.</i></p>

<p><hw>For*lorn"</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [OE., p. p. of <i>forlesen</i> to lose utterly, AS. <i>forle&oacute;san</i> (p. p. <i>forloren</i>); pref. <i>for-</i> + <i>le&oacute;san</i> (in comp.) to lose; cf. D. <i>verliezen</i> to lose, G. <i>verlieren</i>, Sw. <i>f&ouml;rlora</i>, Dan. <i>forloren</i>, Goth. <i>fraliusan</i> to lose. See <u>For-</u>, and <u>Lorn</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>, <u>Lose</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Deserted; abandoned; lost.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Of fortune and of hope at once <i>forlorn</i>.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Some say that ravens foster <i>forlorn</i> children.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Destitute; helpless; in pitiful plight; wretched; miserable; almost hopeless; desperate.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>For here <i>forlorn</i> and lost I tread.</blockquote> <i>Goldsmith.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The condition of the besieged in the mean time was <i>forlorn</i> in the extreme.</blockquote> <i>Prescott.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>She cherished the <i>forlorn</i> hope that he was still living.</blockquote> <i>Thomson.</i></p>

<p><col><b>A forlorn hope</b></col> [D. <i>verloren hoop</i>, prop., a lost band or troop; <i>verloren</i>, p. p. of <i>verliezen</i> to lose + <i>hoop</i> band; akin to E. <i>heap</i>. See <u>For-</u>, and <u>Heap</u>.] <i>(Mil.)</i>, <cd>a body of men (called in F. <i>enfants perdus</i>, in G. <i>verlornen posten</i>) selected, usually from volunteers, to attempt a breach, scale the wall of a fortress, or perform other extraordinarily perilous service; also, a desperate case or enterprise.</cd></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Destitute, lost; abandoned; forsaken; solitary; helpless; friendless; hopeless; abject; wretched; miserable; pitiable.</p>

<p><hw>For*lorn"</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A lost, forsaken, or solitary person.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Forced to live in Scotland a <i>forlorn</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A forlorn hope; a vanguard.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Our <i>forlorn</i> of horse marched within a mile of the enemy.</blockquote> <i>Oliver Cromvell.</i></p>

<p><hw>For*lorn"ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a forlorn manner.</def> <i>Pollok.</i></p>

<p><hw>For*lorn"ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>State of being forlorn.</def> <i>Boyle.</i></p>

<p><hw>For*lye"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Forlie</u>.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>-form</hw> (-f&ocirc;rm). [See <u>Form</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <def>A suffix used to denote <i>in the form or shape of</i>, <i>resembling</i>, etc.; as, vali<i>form</i>; ovi<i>form</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Form</hw> (f&omacr;rm; <i>in senses</i> 8 & 9, <i>often</i> f&omacr;rm <i>in England</i>), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. & F. <i>forme</i>, fr. L. <i>forma</i>; cf. Skr. <i>dhariman</i>. Cf. <u>Firm</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The shape and structure of anything, as distinguished from the material of which it is composed; particular disposition or arrangement of matter, giving it individuality or distinctive character; configuration; figure; external appearance.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>form</i> of his visage was changed.</blockquote> <i>Dan. iii. 19.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>And woven close close, both matter, <i>form</i>, and style.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Constitution; mode of construction, organization, etc.; system; as, a republican <i>form</i> of government.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Established method of expression or practice; fixed way of proceeding; conventional or stated scheme; formula; as, a <i>form</i> of prayer.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Those whom <i>form</i> of laws<BR> Condemned to die.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Show without substance; empty, outside appearance; vain, trivial, or conventional ceremony; conventionality; formality; as, a matter of mere <i>form</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Though well we may not pass upon his life<BR> Without the <i>form</i> of justice.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>Orderly arrangement; shapeliness; also, comeliness; elegance; beauty.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The earth was without <i>form</i> and void.</blockquote> <i>Gen. i. 2.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>He hath no <i>form</i> nor comeliness.</blockquote> <i>Is. liii. 2.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>A shape; an image; a phantom.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <def>That by which shape is given or determined; mold; pattern; model.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>8.</b></sn> <def>A long seat; a bench; hence, a rank of students in a school; a class; also, a class or rank in society.</def> "Ladies of a high <i>form</i>." <i>Bp. Burnet.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>9.</b></sn> <def>The seat or bed of a hare.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>As in a <i>form</i> sitteth a weary hare.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>10.</b></sn> <i>(Print.)</i> <def>The type or other matter from which an impression is to be taken, arranged and secured in a chase.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>11.</b></sn> <i>(Fine Arts)</i> <def>The boundary line of a material object. In <i>painting</i>, more generally, the human body.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>12.</b></sn> <i>(Gram.)</i> <def>The particular shape or structure of a word or part of speech; as, participial <i>forms</i>; verbal <i>forms</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>13.</b></sn> <i>(Crystallog.)</i> <def>The combination of planes included under a general crystallographic symbol. It is not necessarily a closed solid.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>14.</b></sn> <i>(Metaph.)</i> <def>That assemblage or disposition of qualities which makes a conception, or that internal constitution which makes an existing thing to be what it is; — called <i>essential</i> or <i>substantial form</i>, and contradistinguished from <i>matter</i>; hence, active or formative nature; law of being or activity; subjectively viewed, an idea; objectively, a law.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>15.</b></sn> <def>Mode of acting or manifestation to the senses, or the intellect; as, water assumes the <i>form</i> of ice or snow. In modern usage, the elements of a conception furnished by the mind's own activity, as contrasted with its object or condition, which is called the <i>matter</i>; subjectively, a mode of apprehension or belief conceived as dependent on the constitution of the mind; objectively, universal and necessary accompaniments or elements of every object known or thought of.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>16.</b></sn> <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>The peculiar characteristics of an organism as a type of others; also, the structure of the parts of an animal or plant.</def></p>

<p><! p. 587 !></p>

<p><col><b>Good form</b></col> or <col><b>Bad form</b></col>, <cd>the general appearance, condition or action, originally of horses, atterwards of persons; as, the members of a boat crew are said to be in <i>good form</i> when they pull together uniformly. The phrases are further used colloquially in description of conduct or manners in society; as, it is not <i>good form</i> to smoke in the presence of a lady.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Form</hw> (f&ocirc;rm), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Formed</u> (f&ocirc;rmd); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Forming</u>.] [F. <i>former</i>, L. <i>formare</i>, fr. <i>forma</i>. See <u>Form</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To give form or shape to; to frame; to construct; to make; to fashion.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>God <i>formed</i> man of the dust of the ground.</blockquote> <i>Gen. ii. 7.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The thought that labors in my <i>forming</i> brain.</blockquote> <i>Rowe.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To give a particular shape to; to shape, mold, or fashion into a certain state or condition; to arrange; to adjust; also, to model by instruction and discipline; to mold by influence, etc.; to train.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>'T is education <i>forms</i> the common mind.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Thus <i>formed</i> for speed, he challenges the wind.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To go to make up; to act as constituent of; to be the essential or constitutive elements of; to answer for; to make the shape of; — said of that out of which anything is formed or constituted, in whole or in part.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The diplomatic politicians . . . who <i>formed</i> by far the majority.</blockquote> <i>Burke.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To provide with a form, as a hare. See <u>Form</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, 9.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The melancholy hare is <i>formed</i> in brakes and briers.</blockquote> <i>Drayton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <i>(Gram.)</i> <def>To derive by grammatical rules, as by adding the proper suffixes and affixes.</def></p>

<p><hw>Form</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To take a form, definite shape, or arrangement; as, the infantry should <i>form</i> in column.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To run to a form, as a hare.</def> <i>B. Jonson.</i></p>

<p><col><b>To form on</b></col> <i>(Mil.)</i>, <cd>to form a lengthened line with reference to (any given object) as a basis.</cd></p>

<p><hw>For"mal</hw> (f&ocirc;r"m<i>a</i>l), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>form</i>ic + <i>al</i>cohol.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>See <u>Methylal</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Form"al</hw> (f&ocirc;rm"<i>a</i>l), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>formalis</i>: cf. F. <i>formel</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Belonging to the form, shape, frame, external appearance, or organization of a thing.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Belonging to the constitution of a thing, as distinguished from the matter composing it; having the power of making a thing what it is; constituent; essential; pertaining to or depending on the forms, so called, of the human intellect.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Of [the sounds represented by] letters, the material part is breath and voice; the <i>formal</i> is constituted by the motion and figure of the organs of speech.</blockquote> <i>Holder.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Done in due form, or with solemnity; according to regular method; not incidental, sudden or irregular; express; as, he gave his <i>formal</i> consent.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>His obscure funeral . . . <BR> No noble rite nor <i>formal</i> ostentation.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Devoted to, or done in accordance with, forms or rules; punctilious; regular; orderly; methodical; of a prescribed form; exact; prim; stiff; ceremonious; as, a man <i>formal</i> in his dress, his gait, his conversation.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A cold-looking, <i>formal</i> garden, cut into angles and rhomboids.</blockquote> <i>W. Irwing.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>She took off the <i>formal</i> cap that confined her hair.</blockquote> <i>Hawthorne.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>Having the form or appearance without the substance or essence; external; as, <i>formal</i> duty; <i>formal</i> worship; <i>formal</i> courtesy, etc.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>Dependent in form; conventional.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Still in constraint your suffering sex remains,<BR> Or bound in <i>formal</i> or in real chains.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <def>Sound; normal.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>To make of him a <i>formal</i> man again.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Formal cause</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Cause</u>.</cd></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Precise; punctilious; stiff; starched; affected; ritual; ceremonial; external; outward. — <u>Formal</u>, <u>Ceremonious</u>. When applied to things, these words usually denote a mere accordance with the rules of form or ceremony; as, to make a <i>formal</i> call; to take a <i>ceremonious</i> leave. When applied to a person or his manners, they are used in a bad sense; a person being called <i>formal</i> who shapes himself too much by some pattern or set form, and <i>ceremonious</i> when he lays too much stress on the conventional laws of social intercourse. <i>Formal</i> manners render a man stiff or ridiculous; a <i>ceremonious</i> carriage puts a stop to the ease and freedom of social intercourse.</p>

<p><hw>For*mal"de*hyde</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Form</i>ic + <i>aldehyde</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A colorless, volatile liquid, H<sub>2</sub>CO, resembling acetic or ethyl aldehyde, and chemically intermediate between methyl alcohol and formic acid.</def></p>

<p><hw>Form"al*ism</hw> (f&ocirc;rm"<i>a</i>l*&ibreve;z'm), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The practice or the doctrine of strict adherence to, or dependence on, external forms, esp. in matters of religion.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Official <i>formalism</i>.</blockquote> <i>Sir H. Rawlinson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Form"al*ist</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>formaliste</i>.] <def>One overattentive to forms, or too much confined to them; esp., one who rests in external religious forms, or observes strictly the outward forms of worship, without possessing the life and spirit of religion.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>As far a <i>formalist</i> from wisdom sits,<BR> In judging eyes, as libertines from wits.</blockquote> <i>Young.</i></p>

<p><hw>For*mal"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Formalities</b></plw> (#). [Cf. F. <i>formalit&eacute;</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The condition or quality of being formal, strictly ceremonious, precise, etc.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Form without substance.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Such [books] as are mere pieces of <i>formality</i>, so that if you look on them, you look though them.</blockquote> <i>Fuller.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Compliance with formal or conventional rules; ceremony; conventionality.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Nor was his attendance on divine offices a matter of <i>formality</i> and custom, but of conscience.</blockquote> <i>Atterbury.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>An established order; conventional rule of procedure; usual method; habitual mode.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He was installed with all the usual <i>formalities</i>.</blockquote> <i>C. Middleton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <i>pl.</i> <def>The dress prescribed for any body of men, academical, municipal, or sacerdotal.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>The doctors attending her in their <i>formalities</i> as far as Shotover.</blockquote> <i>Fuller.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>That which is formal; the formal part.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>It unties the inward knot of marriage, . . . while it aims to keep fast the outward <i>formality</i>.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <def>The quality which makes a thing what it is; essence.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The material part of the evil came from our father upon us, but the <i>formality</i> of it, the sting and the curse, is only by ourselves.</blockquote> <i>Jer. Taylor.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>formality</i> of the vow lies in the promise made to God.</blockquote> <i>Bp. Stillingfleet.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>8.</b></sn> <i>(Scholastic. Philos.)</i> <def>The manner in which a thing is conceived or constituted by an act of human thinking; the result of such an act; as, animality and rationality are <i>formalities</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Form"al*ize</hw> (f&ocirc;rm"<i>a</i>l*&imacr;z), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Formalized</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Formalizing</u> (?).] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To give form, or a certain form, to; to model.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To render formal.</def></p>

<p><hw>Form"al*ize</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To affect formality.</def> [Obs.] <i>ales.</i></p>

<p><hw>Form"al*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a formal manner; essentially; characteristically; expressly; regularly; ceremoniously; precisely.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>That which <i>formally</i> makes this [charity] a Christian grace, is the spring from which it flows.</blockquote> <i>Smalridge.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>You and your followers do stand <i>formally</i> divided against the authorized guides of the church and rest of the people.</blockquote> <i>Hooker.</i></p>

<p><hw>For"mate</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Formic</u>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A salt of formic acid.</def> [Written also <i>formiate</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>For*ma"tion</hw> (f&obreve;r*m&amacr;"sh&ubreve;n), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>formatio</i>: cf. F. <i>formation</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of giving form or shape to anything; a forming; a shaping.</def> <i>Beattie.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The manner in which a thing is formed; structure; construction; conformation; form; as, the peculiar <i>formation</i> of the heart.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A substance formed or deposited.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Geol.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>Mineral deposits and rock masses designated with reference to their origin; as, the siliceous <i>formation</i> about geysers; alluvial <i>formations</i>; marine <i>formations</i>.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A group of beds of the same age or period; as, the Eocene <i>formation</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <i>(Mil.)</i> <def>The arrangement of a body of troops, as in a square, column, etc.</def> <i>Farrow.</i></p>

<p><hw>Form"a*tive</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>formatif</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Giving form; having the power of giving form; plastic; as, the <i>formative</i> arts.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The meanest plant can not be raised without seed, by any <i>formative</i> residing in the soil.</blockquote> <i>Bentley.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Gram.)</i> <def>Serving to form; derivative; not radical; as, a termination merely <i>formative</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>Capable of growth and development; germinal; as, living or <i>formative</i> matter.</def></p>

<p><hw>Form"a*tive</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Gram.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>That which serves merely to give form, and is no part of the radical, as the prefix or the termination of a word.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A word formed in accordance with some rule or usage, as from a root.</def></p>

<p><hw>For`m&eacute;"</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Her.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Pat&eacute;</u> or <u>Patt&eacute;</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>For"me</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [OE., fr. AS. <i>forma</i>. See <u>Foremost</u>.] <def>First.</def> [Obs.] "Adam our <i>forme</i> father." <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Formed</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Astron.)</i> <def>Arranged, as stars in a constellation; as, <i>formed</i> stars.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>Having structure; capable of growth and development; organized; as, the <i>formed</i> or organized ferments. See <u>Ferment</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></def></p>

<p><col><b>Formed material</b></col> <i>(Biol.)</i>, <cd>a term employed by Beale to denote the lifeless matter of a cell, that which is physiologically dead, in distinction from the truly germinal or living matter.</cd></p>

<p><hw>For"me*don</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF., fr. Latin. So called because the plaintiff claimed "by the form of the gift,: L. <i>per formam doni</i>.] <i>(O. Eng. Law)</i> <def>A writ of right for a tenant in tail in case of a discontinuance of the estate tail. This writ has been abolished.</def></p>

<p><hw>For"mell</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Dim. of F. <i>forme</i> the female of a bird of prey.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The female of a hawk or falcon.</def></p>

<p><hw>Form"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who forms; a maker; a creator.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Mech.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A shape around which an article is to be shaped, molded, woven wrapped, pasted, or otherwise constructed.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A templet, pattern, or gauge by which an article is shaped.</def> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <def>A cutting die.</def></p>

<p><hw>For"mer</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [A compar. due to OE. <i>formest</i>. See <u>Foremost</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Preceding in order of time; antecedent; previous; prior; earlier; hence, ancient; long past.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>For inquire, I pray thee, of the <i>former</i> age.</blockquote> <i>Job. viii. 8.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The latter and <i>former</i> rain.</blockquote> <i>Hosea vi. 3.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Near the beginning; preceeding; as, the <i>former</i> part of a discourse or argument.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Earlier, as between two things mentioned together; first mentioned.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A bad author deserves better usage than a bad critic; a man may be the <i>former</i> merely through the misfortune of an ill judgment; but he can not be latter without both that and an ill temper.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Prior; previous; anterior; antecedent; preceding; foregoing.</p>

<p><hw>||For`me*ret"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F.] <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>One of the half ribs against the walls in a ceiling vaulted with ribs.</def></p>

<p><hw>For"mer*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In time past, either in time immediately preceding or at any indefinite distance; of old; heretofore.</def></p>

<p><hw>Form"ful</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Creative; imaginative.</def> [R.] "The <i>formful</i> brain." <i>Thomson.</i></p>

<p><hw>For"mic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>formica</i> an ant: cf. F. <i>formique</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, ants; as, <i>formic</i> acid; in an extended sense, pertaining to, or derived from, formic acid; as, <i>formic</i> ether.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Amido formic acid</b></col>, <cd>carbamic acid.</cd> — <col><b>Formic acid</b></col>, <cd>a colorless, mobile liquid, HCO.OH, of a sharp, acid taste, occurring naturally in ants, nettles, pine needles, etc., and produced artifically in many ways, as by the oxidation of methyl alcohol, by the reduction of carbonic acid or the destructive distillation of oxalic acid. It is the first member of the fatty acids in the paraffin series, and is homologous with acetic acid.</cd></p>

<p><hw>||For*mi"ca</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., an ant.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A Linn&aelig;an genus of hymenopterous insects, including the common ants. See <u>Ant</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>For`mi*ca"roid</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [NL. <i>Formicarius</i>, the typical genus + <i>-oid</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Like or pertaining to the family <i>Formicarid&aelig;</i> or ant thrushes.</def></p>

<p><hw>For"mi*ca*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [LL. <i>formicarium</i>, fr. L. <i>formica</i> an ant.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The nest or dwelling of a swarm of ants; an ant-hill.</def></p>

<p><hw>For"mi*cate</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>formica</i> an ant.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Resembling, or pertaining to, an ant or ants.</def></p>

<p><hw>For`mi*ca"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>formicatio</i>, fr. <i>formicare</i> to creep like an ant, to feel as if ants were crawling on one's self, fr. <i>formica</i> ant: cf. F. <i>formication</i>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>A sensation resembling that made by the creeping of ants on the skin.</def> <i>Dunglison.</i></p>

<p><hw>For"mi*cid</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Pertaining to the ants.</def> — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One of the family <i>Formicid&aelig;</i>, or ants.</def></p>

<p><hw>For`mi*da*bil"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Formidableness.</def> <i>Walpole.</i></p>

<p><hw>For"mi*da*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>formidabilis</i>, fr. <i>formidare</i> to fear, dread: cf. F. <i>formidable</i>.] <def>Exciting fear or apprehension; impressing dread; adapted to excite fear and deter from approach, encounter, or undertaking; alarming.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>They seemed to fear the <i>formodable</i> sight.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>I swell my preface into a volume, and make it <i>formidable</i>, when you see so many pages behind.</blockquote> <i>Drydn.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Dreadful; fearful; terrible; frightful; shocking; horrible; terrific; tremendous.</p>

<p><hw>For"mi*da*ble*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality of being formidable, or adapted to excite dread.</def> <i>Boyle.</i></p>

<p><hw>For"mi*da*bly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a formidable manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>For*mid"o*lose</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>formidolosus</i>, fr. <i>formido</i> fear.] <def>Very much afraid.</def> [Obs.] <i>Bailey.</i></p>

<p><hw>Form"ing</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The act or process of giving form or shape to anything; as, in shipbuilding, the exact shaping of partially shaped timbers.</def></p>

<p><hw>Form"less</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Shapeless; without a determinate form; wanting regularity of shape.</def> — <wf>Form"less*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Form"less*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>For"mu*la</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> E. <plw><b>Formulas</b></plw> (#), L. <plw><b>Formul&aelig;</b></plw> (#). [L., dim. of <i>forma</i> form, model. See<u>Form</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A prescribed or set form; an established rule; a fixed or conventional method in which anything is to be done, arranged, or said.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Eccl.)</i> <def>A written confession of faith; a formal statement of foctrines.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Math.)</i> <def>A rule or principle expressed in algebraic language; as, the binominal <i>formula</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>A prescription or recipe for the preparation of a medicinal compound.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A symbolic expression (by means of letters, figures, etc.) of the constituents or constitution of a compound.</def></p>

<p>&fist; <i>Chemical formul&aelig;</i> consist of the abbreviations of the names of the elements, with a small figure at the lower right hand, to denote the number of atoms of each element contained.</p>

<p><col><b>Empirical formula</b></col> <i>(Chem.)</i>, <cd>an expression which gives the simple proportion of the constituents; as, the <i>empirical formula</i> of acetic acid is C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>O<sub>2</sub>.</cd> — <col><b>Graphic formula</b></col>, <col><b>Rational formula</b></col> <i>(Chem.)</i>, <cd>an expression of the constitution, and in a limited sense of the structure, of a compound, by the grouping of its atoms or radicals; as, a <i>rational formula</i> of acetic acid is CH<sub>3</sub>.(C:O).OH; — called also <i>structural formula</i>, <i>constitutional formula</i>, etc. See also the formula of <i>Benzene nucleus</i>, under <u>Benzene</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Molecular formula</b></col> <i>(Chem.)</i>, <cd>a formula indicating the supposed molecular constitution of a compound.</cd></p>

<p><hw>For`mu*la*ris"tic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pertaining to, or exhibiting, formularization.</def> <i>Emerson.</i></p>

<p><hw>For`mu*lar*i*za"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The act of formularizing; a formularized or formulated statement or exhibition.</def> <i>C. Kingsley.</i></p>

<p><hw>For"mu*lar*ize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To reduce to a forula; to formulate.</def></p>

<p><hw>For"mu*la*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>formulaire</i>. See <u>Formula</u>.] <def>Stated; prescribed; ritual.</def></p>

<p><hw>For"mu*la*ry</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Formularies</b></plw> (#). [Cf. F. <i>formulaire</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A book containing stated and prescribed forms, as of oaths, declarations, prayers, medical formula&aelig;, etc.; a book of precedents.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Prescribed form or model; formula.</def></p>

<p><hw>For"mu*late</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Formulated</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Formulating</u> (?).] <def>To reduce to, or express in, a formula; to put in a clear and definite form of statement or expression.</def> <i>G. P. Marsh.</i></p>

<p><hw>For`mu*la"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The act, process, or result of formulating or reducing to a formula.</def></p>

<p><hw>For"mule</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F.] <def>A set or prescribed model; a formula.</def> [Obs.] <i>Johnson.</i></p>

<p><hw>For`mu*li*za"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The act or process of reducing to a formula; the state of being formulized.</def></p>

<p><hw>For"mu*lize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Formulized</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Formulizing</u> (?).] <def>To reduce to a formula; to formulate.</def> <i>Emerson.</i></p>

<p><hw>For"myl</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Form</i>ic + <i>- yl</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A univalent radical, H.C:O, regarded as the essential residue of <i>formic</i> acid and aldehyde.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>Formerly, the radical methyl, CH<sub>3</sub>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Forn*cast"</hw> (?), <pos><i>p. p.</i></pos> [OE. <i>foren + cast</i>. See <u>Forecast</u>.] <def>Predestined.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>For"ni*cal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Relating to a fornix.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>For"ni*cate</hw> (?), <hw>For"ni*ca`ted</hw> (?) }, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>fornicatus</i>, fr. <i>fornix</i>, <i>- icis</i>, an arch, vault.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Vaulted like an oven or furnace; arched.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Arching over; overarched.</def> <i>Gray.</i></p>

<p><! p. 588 !></p>

<p><hw>For"ni*cate</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [L. <i>fornicatus</i>, <i>p. p. of fornicari</i> to fornicate, fr. <i>fornix</i>, <i>-icis</i>, a vault, a brothel in an underground vault.] <def>To commit fornication; to have unlawful sexual intercourse.</def></p>

<p><hw>For`ni*ca"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>fornication</i>, L. <i>fornicatio</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Unlawful sexual intercourse on the part of an unmarried person; the act of such illicit sexual intercourse between a man and a woman as does not by law amount to adultery.</def></p>

<p>&fist; In England, the offense, though cognizable in the ecclesiastical courts, was not at common law subject to secular prosecution. In the United States it is indictable in some States at common law, in others only by statute. <i>Whartyon.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Script.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>Adultery.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>Incest.</def> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <def>Idolatry.</def></p>

<p><hw>For"ni*ca`tor</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>fornicateur</i>, OF. <i>fornicator</i>, from L. <i>fornicator</i>.] <def>An unmarried person, male or female, who has criminal intercourse with the other sex; one guilty of fornication.</def></p>

<p><hw>For"ni*ca`tress</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>fornicatrice</i>, L. <i>fornicatrix</i>.] <def>A woman guilty of fornication.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>||For"nix</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Fornices</b></plw> (#). [L., an arch.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>An arch or fold; as, the <i>fornix</i>, or vault, of the cranium; the <i>fornix</i>, or reflection, of the conjuctiva.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>Esp., two longitudinal bands of white nervous tissue beneath the lateral ventricles of the brain.</def></p>

<p><hw>For*old"</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Very old.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>A bear's skin, coal-black, <i>forold</i>.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>For*pass"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t. & i.</i></pos> <def>To pass by or along; to pass over.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>For*pine"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To waste away completely by suffering or torment.</def> [Archaic] "Pale as a <i>forpined</i> ghost." <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>For"ray</hw> (? or ?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [OE. <i>forrayen</i>. See <u>Foray</u>.] <def>To foray; to ravage; to pillage.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>For they that morn had <i>forrayed</i> all the land.</blockquote> <i>Fairfax.</i></p>

<p><hw>For"ray</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The act of ravaging; a ravaging; a predatory excursion. See <u>Foray</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>For"rill</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Forel</u>.] <def>Lambskin parchment; vellum; forel.</def> <i>McElrath.</i></p>

<p><hw>For*sake"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp.</i></pos> <u>Forsook</u> (?); <pos><i>p. p.</i></pos> <u>Forsaken</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Forsaking</u>.] [AS. <i>forsacan</i> to oppose, refuse; <i>for- </i> + <i>sacan</i> to contend, strive; akin to Goth. <i>sakan</i>. See <u>For-</u>, and <u>Sake</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To quit or leave entirely; to desert; to abandon; to depart or withdraw from; to leave; as, false friends and flatterers <i>forsake</i> us in adversity.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>If his children <i>forsake</i> my law, and walk not in my judgments.</blockquote> <i>Ps. lxxxix. 30.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To renounce; to reject; to refuse.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>If you <i>forsake</i> the offer of their love.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — To abandon; quit; desert; fail; relinquish; give up; renounce; reject. See <u>Abandon</u>.</p>

<p><hw>For*sak"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who forsakes or deserts.</def></p>

<p><hw>For*say"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [AS. <i>forsecgan</i> to accuse; pref. <i>for-</i> + <i>secgan</i> to say.] <def>To forbid; to renounce; to forsake; to deny.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>For*shape"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>for- </i> + <i>shape</i>, v.t.] <def>To render misshapen.</def> [Obs.] <i>Gower.</i></p>

<p><hw>For*slack"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>for- </i> + <i>slack</i> to neglect.] <def>To neglect by idleness; to delay or to waste by sloth.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>For*slouth"e</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [See <u>For- </u>, and <u>Slouth</u>.] <def>To lose by sloth or negligence.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>For*slow"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>for-</i> + <i>slow</i>.] <def>To delay; to hinder; to neglect; to put off.</def> [Obs.] <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><hw>For*slow"</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To loiter.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>For*slug"ge</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [See <u>Slug</u> to be idle.] <def>To lsoe by idleness or slotch.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>For*sooth"</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> [AS. <i>fors&omacr;&eth;</i>; <i>for</i>, prep. + <i>s&omacr;&eth;</i> sooth, truth. See <u>For</u>, <i>prep</i>., and <u>Sooth</u>.] <def>In truth; in fact; certainly; very well; — formerly used as an expression of deference or respect, especially to woman; now used ironically or contemptuously.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A fit man, <i>forsooth</i>, to govern a realm!</blockquote> <i>Hayward.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Our old English word <i>forsooth</i> has been changed for the French <i>madam</i>.</blockquote> <i>Guardian.</i></p>

<p><hw>For*sooth"</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To address respectfully with the term <i>forsooth</i>.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>The captain of the "Charles" had <i>forsoothed</i> her, though he knew her well enough and she him.</blockquote> <i>Pepys.</i></p>

<p><hw>For*sooth"</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A person who used <i>forsooth</i> much; a very ceremonious and deferential person.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>You sip so like a <i>forsooth</i> of the city.</blockquote> <i>B. Jonson.</i></p>

<p><hw>For*speak"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>for- </i> + <i>speak</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To forbid; to prohibit.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To bewitch.</def> [Obs.] <i>Drayton.</i></p>

<p><hw>For*spent"</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [AS. <i>forspendan</i> to consume; pref. <i>for-</i> + <i>spendan</i> to spend.] <def>Wasted in strength; tired; exhausted.</def> [Archaic]</p>

<p><blockquote>A gentleman almost <i>forspent</i> with speed.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>For*stall"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To forestall.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fors"ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A forester.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>For*straught"</hw> (?), <pos><i>p. p. & a.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>for-</i> + <i>straught</i>; cf. <i>distraught</i>.] <def>Distracted.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>For*swat"</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See <u>Sweat</u>.] <def>Spent with heat; covered with sweat.</def> [Obs.] <i>P. Sidney.</i></p>

<p><hw>For*swear"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp.</i></pos> <u>Forswore</u> (?); <pos><i>p. p.</i></pos> <u>Forsworn</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Forswearing</u>.] [OE. <i>forsweren</i>, <i>forswerien</i>, AS. <i>forswerian</i>; pref. <i>for-</i> + <i>swerian</i> to swear. See <u>For-</u>, and <u>Swear</u>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To reject or renounce upon oath; hence, to renounce earnestly, determinedly, or with protestations.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I . . . do <i>forswear</i> her.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To deny upon oath.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Like innocence, and as serenely bold<BR> As truth, how loudly he <i>forswears</i> thy gold!</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><col><b>To forswear one's self</b></col>, <cd>to swear falsely; to perjure one's self.</cd> "Thou shalt not <i>forswear thyself</i>." <i>Matt. v. 33.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — See <u>Perjure</u>.</p>

<p><hw>For*swear"</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To swear falsely; to commit perjury.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>For*swear"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who rejects of renounces upon oath; one who swears a false oath.</def></p>

<p><hw>For*swonk"</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>for-</i> + <i>swonk</i>, p. p. of <i>swink</i>to labor. See <u>Swink</u>.] <def>Overlabored; exhausted; worn out.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>For*swore"</hw> (?), <def><pos><i>imp.</i></pos> of <u>Forswear</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>For*sworn"</hw> (?), <def><pos><i>p. p.</i></pos> of <u>Forswear</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>For*sworn"ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>State of being forsworn.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>||For*syth"i*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [NL. Named after William <i>Forsyth</i>, who brought in from China.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A shrub of the Olive family, with yellow blossoms.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fort</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., from <i>fort</i> strong, L. <i>fortis</i>; perh. akin to Skr. <i>darh</i> to fix, make firm, and to E. <i>firm</i> Cf. <u>Forte</u>, <u>Force</u>, <u>Fortalice</u>, <u>Comfort</u>, <u>Effort</u>.] <i>(Mil.)</i> <def>A strong or fortified place; usually, a small fortified place, occupied only by troops, surrounded with a ditch, rampart, and parapet, or with palisades, stockades, or other means of defense; a fortification.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Detached works, depending solely on their own strength, belong to the class of works termed <i>forts</i>.</blockquote> <i>Farrow.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fort"a*lice</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [LL. <i>fortalitia</i>, or OF. <i>fortelesce</i>. See <u>Fortress</u>.] <i>(Mil.)</i> <def>A small outwork of a fortification; a fortilage; - - called also <i>fortelace</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Forte</hw> (f&omacr;rt), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [IT. <i>forte</i>: cf. F. <i>fort</i>. See <u>Fort</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The strong point; that in which one excels.</def> </p>

<p><blockquote>The construction of a fable seems by no means the <i>forte</i> of our modern poetical writers.</blockquote> <i>Jeffrey.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The stronger part of the blade of a sword; the part of half nearest the hilt; — opposed to <i>foible</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||For"te</hw> (f&ocirc;r"t&asl; or f&omacr;r"t&asl;), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> [It. <i>forte</i>, <pos><i>a. & adv.</i></pos>, fr. L. <i>fortis</i> strong.] <i>(Mus.)</i> <def>Loudly; strongly; powerfully.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fort"ed</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Furnished with, or guarded by, forts; strengthened or defended, as by forts.</def> [R.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Forth</hw> (?), <pos><i>v.</i></pos>[AS. <i>for&eth;</i>, fr. <i>for</i> akin to D. <i>voort</i>, G. <i>fort</i> &radic;78. See <u>Fore</u>, <u>For</u>, and cf. <u>Afford</u>, <u>Further</u>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Forward; onward in time, place, or order; in advance from a given point; on to end; as, from that day <i>forth</i>; one, two, three, and so <i>forth</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Lucas was Paul's companion, at the leastway from the sixteenth of the Acts <i>forth</i>.</blockquote> <i>Tyndale.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>From this time <i>forth</i>, <i>I never will speak word</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>I repeated the Ave Maria; the inquisitor bad me say <i>forth</i>; I said I was taught no more.</blockquote> <i>Strype.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Out, as from a state of concealment, retirement, confinement, nondevelopment, or the like; out into notice or view; as, the plants in spring put <i>forth</i> leaves.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>When winter past, and summer scarce begun,<BR> Invites them <i>forth</i> to labor in the sun.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Beyond a (certain) boundary; away; abroad; out.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I have no mind of feasting <i>forth</i> to- night.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Throughly; from beginning to end.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><col><b>And so forth</b></col>, <col><b>Back and forth</b></col>, <col><b>From forth</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>And</u>, <u>Back</u>, and <u>From</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Forth of</b></col>, <col><b>Forth from</b></col>, <cd>out of.</cd> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i> — <col><b>To bring forth</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Bring</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Forth</hw>, <pos><i>prep.</i></pos> <def>Forth from; out of.</def> [Archaic]</p>

<p><blockquote>Some <i>forth</i> their cabins peep.</blockquote> <i>Donne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Forth</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE., a ford. &?; 78. See <u>Frith</u>.] <def>A way; a passage or ford.</def> [Obs.] <i>Todd.</i></p>

<p><hw>Forth`by"</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> [Obs.] <def>See <u>Forby</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Forth"com`ing</hw> (? or ?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Ready or about to appear; making appearance.</def></p>

<p><hw>Forth"go`ing</hw> (? or ?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A going forth; an utterance.</def> <i>A. Chalmers.</i></p>

<p><hw>Forth"go`ing</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Going forth.</def></p>

<p><hw>For*think"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To repent; to regret; to be sorry for; to cause regret.</def> [Obs.] "Let it <i>forthink</i> you." <i>Tyndale.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>That me <i>forthinketh</i>, quod this January.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Forth"put`ing</hw> (? or ?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Bold; forward; aggressive.</def></p>

<p><hw>Forth"right`</hw> (? or ?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> [<i>Forth</i>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> + <i>right</i>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos>] <def>Straight forward; in a straight direction.</def> [Archaic] <i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></p>

<p><hw>Forth"right`</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Direct; straightforward; as, a <i>forthright</i> man.</def> [Archaic] <i>Lowell.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>They were Night and Day, and Day and Night,<BR> Piligrims wight with steps <i>forthright</i>.</blockquote> <i>Emerson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Forth"right`</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A straight path.</def> [Archaic]</p>

<p><blockquote>Here's a maze trod, indeed,<BR> Through <i>forthrights</i> and meanders!</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Forth"right`ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Straightforwardness; explicitness; directness.</def> [Archaic]</p>

<p><blockquote>Dante's concise <i>forthrightness</i> of phrase.</blockquote> <i>Hawthorne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Forth"ward</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> [<i>Forth</i>, adv. + <i>-ward</i>.] <def>Forward.</def> [Obs.] <i>Bp. Fisher.</i></p>

<p><hw>Forth`with"</hw> (? or ?; see <u>With</u>), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Immediately; without delay; directly.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Immediately there fell from his eyes as it had been scales; and he received sight <i>forthwith</i>.</blockquote> <i>Acts ix. 18.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Law)</i> <def>As soon as the thing required may be done by reasonable exertion confined to that object.</def> <i>Bouvier.</i></p>

<p><hw>For*thy"</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> [AS. <i>for&eth;&ymacr;</i>; <i>for</i>, prep. + <i>&eth;&ymacr;</i>, instrumental neut. of <i>se</i>, <i>se&oacute;</i>, <i>&eth;&aelig;t</i>, pron. demonstrative and article. See <u>The</u>.] <def>Therefore.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>For"ties</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Forty</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>For"ti*eth</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [AS. <i>fe&oacute;wertigo&?;a</i>. See <u>Forty</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Following the thirty-ninth, or preceded by thirty-nine units, things, or parts.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Constituting one of forty equal parts into which anything is divided.</def></p>

<p><hw>For"ti*eth</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One of forty equal parts into which one whole is divided; the quotient of a unit divided by forty; one next in order after the thirty-ninth.</def></p>

<p><hw>For"ti*fi`a*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. OF. <i>fortifiable</i>.] <def>Capable of being fortified.</def> <i>Johnson.</i></p>

<p><hw>For`ti*fi*ca"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>fortificatio</i> : cf. F. <i>fortification</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of fortifying; the art or science of fortifying places in order to defend them against an enemy.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>That which fortifies; especially, a work or works erected to defend a place against attack; a fortified place; a fortress; a fort; a castle.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Fortification agate</b></col>, <cd>Scotch pebble.</cd></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Fortress; citadel; bulwark. See <u>Fortress</u>.</p>

<p><hw>For"ti*fi`er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who, or that which, fortifies, strengthens, supports, or upholds.</def></p>

<p><hw>For"ti*fy</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Fortified</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Fortifying</u>.] [F. <i>fortifier</i>, L. <i>fortificare</i>; <i>fortis</i> strong + <i>-ficare</i> (in comp.) to make. See <u>Fort</u>, and <u>-fy</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To add strength to; to strengthen; to confirm; to furnish with power to resist attack.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Timidity was <i>fortified</i> by pride.</blockquote> <i>Gibbon.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Pride came to the aid of fancy, and both combined to <i>fortify</i> his resolution.</blockquote> <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To strengthen and secure by forts or batteries, or by surrounding with a wall or ditch or other military works; to render defensible against an attack by hostile forces.</def></p>

<p><hw>For"ti*fy</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To raise defensive works.</def> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>For"ti*lage</hw> (?; 48), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. <u>Fortalice</u>.] <def>A little fort; a blockhouse.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fort"in</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. See <u>Fort</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <def>A little fort; a fortlet.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>||For*tis"si*mo</hw> (? or ?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> [It., superl. of <i>forte</i>, adv. See <u>Forte</u>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos>] <i>(Mus.)</i> <def>Very loud; with the utmost strength or loudness.</def></p>

<p><hw>For*ti"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Fortuitous</u>.] <def>Casual choice; fortuitous selection; hazard.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>No mode of election operating in the spirit of <i>fortition</i> or rotation can be generally good.</blockquote> <i>Burke.</i></p>

<p><hw>For"ti*tude</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>fortitudo</i>, fr. <i>fortis</i> strong. See <u>Fort</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Power to resist attack; strength; firmness.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>fortitude</i> of the place is best known to you.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>That strength or firmness of mind which enables a person to encounter danger with coolness and courage, or to bear pain or adversity without murmuring, depression, or despondency; passive courage; resolute endurance; firmness in confronting or bearing up against danger or enduring trouble.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Extolling patience as the truest <i>fortitude</i>.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Fortitude</i> is the guard and support of the other virtues.</blockquote> <i>Locke.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Courage; resolution; resoluteness; endurance; bravery. See <u>Courage</u>, and <u>Heroism</u>.</p>

<p><hw>For`ti*tu"di*nous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having fortitude; courageous.</def> [R.] <i>Gibbon.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fort"let</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A little fort.</def> [R.] <i>Bailey.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fort"night`</hw> (?; <i>in</i> U.S. <i>often</i> ?; 277), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Contr. fr. <i>fourteen nights</i>, our ancestors reckoning time by nights and winters; so, also, <i>seven nights</i>, <i>sennight</i>, a week.] <def>The space of fourteen days; two weeks.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fort"night`ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Occurring or appearing once in a fortnight; as, a <i>fortnightly</i> meeting of a club; a <i>fortnightly</i> magazine, or other publication.</def> — <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>Once in a fortnight; at intervals of a fortnight.</def></p>

<p><hw>For*tread"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To tread down; to trample upon.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>In hell shall they be all <i>fortroden</i> of devils.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>For"tress</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Fortresses</b></plw> (#). [F. <i>forteresse</i>, OF. <i>forteresce</i>, <i>fortelesce</i>, LL. <i>foralitia</i>, fr. L. <i>fortis</i> strong. See <u>Fort</u>, and cf. <u>Fortalice</u>.] <def>A fortified place; a large and permanent fortification, sometimes including a town; a fort; a castle; a stronghold; a place of defense or security.</def></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — <u>Fortress</u>, <u>Fortification</u>, <u>Castle</u>, <u>Citadel</u>. A <i>fortress</i> is constructed for military purposes only, and is permanently garrisoned; a <i>fortification</i> is built to defend harbors, cities, etc.; a <i>castle</i> is a fortress of early times which was ordinarily a palatial dwelling; a <i>citadel</i> is the stronghold of a fortress or city, etc.</p>

<p><hw>For"tress</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To furnish with a fortress or with fortresses; to guard; to fortify.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>For*tu"i*tous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>fortuitus</i>; akin to <i>forte</i>, adv., by chance, prop. abl. of <i>fors</i>, <i>fortis</i>, chance. See <u>Fortune</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Happening by chance; coming or occuring unexpectedly, or without any known cause; chance; as, the <i>fortuitous</i> concourse of atoms.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>It was from causes seemingly <i>fortuitous</i> . . . that all the mighty effects of the Reformation flowed.</blockquote> <i>Robertson.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>So as to throw a glancing and <i>fortuitous</i> light upon the whole.</blockquote> <i>Hazlitt.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(LAw)</i> <def>Happening independently of human will or means of foresight; resulting from unavoidable physical causes.</def> <i>Abbott.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Accidental; casual; contingent; incidental. See <u>Accidental</u>.</p>

<p>— <wf>For*tu"i*tous*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>For*tu"i*tous*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>For*tu"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>fortuit&eacute;</i>.] <def>Accident; chance; casualty.</def> <i>D. Forbes (1750).</i></p>

<p><hw>For"tu*nate</hw> (?; 135), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>fortunatus</i>, p. p. of <i>fortunare</i> to make fortunate or prosperous, fr. <i>fortuna</i>. See <u>Fortune</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Coming by good luck or favorable chance; bringing some good thing not foreseen as certain; presaging happiness; auspicious; as, a <i>fortunate</i> event; a <i>fortunate</i> concurrence of circumstances; a <i>fortunate</i> investment.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Receiving same unforeseen or unexpected good, or some good which was not dependent on one's own skill or efforts; favored with good forune; lucky.</def></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Auspicious; lucky; prosperous; successful; favored; happy. — <u>Fortunate</u>, <u>Successful</u>, <u>Prosperous</u>. A man is <i>fortunate</i>, when he is favored of fortune, and has unusual blessings fall to his lot; <i>successful</i> when he gains what he aims at; <i>prosperous</i> when he succeeds in those things which men commonly desire. One may be <i>fortunate</i>, in some cases, where he is not <i>successful</i>; he may be <i>successful</i>, but, if he has been mistaken in the value of what he has aimed at, he may for that reason fail to be <i>prosperous</i>.</p>

<p><hw>For"tu*nate*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a fortunate manner; luckily; successfully; happily.</def></p>

<p><hw>For"tu*nate*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The condition or quality of being fortunate; good luck; success; happiness.</def></p>

<p><! p. 589 !></p>

<p><hw>For"tune</hw> (f&ocirc;r"t&usl;n; 135), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>fortune</i>, L. <i>fortuna</i>; akin to <i>fors</i>, <i>fortis</i>, chance, prob. fr. <i>ferre</i> to bear, bring. See <u>Bear</u> to support, and cf. <u>Fortuitous</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The arrival of something in a sudden or unexpected manner; chance; accident; luck; hap; also, the personified or deified power regarded as determining human success, apportioning happiness and unhappiness, and distributing arbitrarily or fortuitously the lots of life.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>'T is more by <i>fortune</i>, lady, than by merit.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>O <i>Fortune</i>, <i>Fortune</i>, all men call thee fickle.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>That which befalls or is to befall one; lot in life, or event in any particular undertaking; fate; destiny; as, to tell one's <i>fortune</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>You, who men's <i>fortunes</i> in their faces read.</blockquote> <i>Cowley.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>That which comes as the result of an undertaking or of a course of action; good or ill success; especially, favorable issue; happy event; success; prosperity as reached partly by chance and partly by effort.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Our equal crimes shall equal <i>fortune</i> give.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>There is a tide in the affairs of men,<BR> Which, taken at the flood, leads on to <i>fortune</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>His father dying, he was driven to seek his <i>fortune</i>.</blockquote> <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Wealth; large possessions; large estate; riches; as, a gentleman of <i>fortune</i>.</def></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Chance; accident; luck; fate.</p>

<p><col><b>Fortune book</b></col>, <cd>a book supposed to reveal future events to those who consult it.</cd> <i>Crashaw.</i> — <col><b>Fortune hunter</b></col>, <cd>one who seeks to acquire wealth by marriage.</cd> — <col><b>Fortune teller</b></col>, <cd>one who professes to tell future events in the life of another.</cd> — <col><b>Fortune telling</b></col>, <cd>the practice or art of professing to reveal future events in the life of another.</cd></p>

<p><hw>For"tune</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [OF. <i>fortuner</i>, L. <i>fortunare</i>. See <u>Fortune</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To make fortunate; to give either good or bad fortune to.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To provide with a fortune.</def> <i>Richardson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To presage; to tell the fortune of.</def> [Obs.] <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>For"tune</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To fall out; to happen.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>It <i>fortuned</i> the same night that a Christian, serving a Turk in the camp, secretely gave the watchmen warning.</blockquote> <i>Knolles.</i></p>

<p><hw>For"tune*less</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Luckless; also, destitute of a fortune or portion.</def> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>For"tun*ize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To regulate the fortune of; to make happy.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>For"ty</hw> (f&ocirc;r"t&ybreve;), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [OE. <i>forti</i>, <i>fourti</i>, <i>fowerti</i>, AS. <i>fe&oacute;wertig</i>; <i>fe&oacute;wer</i> four + suff. <i>- tig</i> ten; akin to OS. <i>fiwartig</i>, <i>fiartig</i>, D. <i>veertig</i>, G. <i>vierzig</i>, Icel. <i>fj&ouml;rut&imacr;u</i>, Sw. <i>fyratio</i>, Dan. <i>fyrretyve</i>, Goth. <i>fidw&omacr;r tigjus</i>. See <u>Four</u>, and <u>Ten</u>, and cf. <u>Fourteen</u>.] <def>Four times ten; thirty-nine and one more.</def></p>

<p><hw>For"ty</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Forties</b></plw> (-t&ibreve;z). <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The sum of four tens; forty units or objects.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A symbol expressing forty units; as, 40, or xl.</def></p>

<p><hw>For"ty-spot`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The Tasmanian forty-spotted diamond bird (<i>Pardalotus quadragintus</i>).</def></p>

<p><hw>Fo"rum</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> E. <plw><b>Forums</b></plw> (#), L. <plw><b>Fora</b></plw> (#). [L.; akin to <i>foris</i>, <i>foras</i>, out of doors. See <u>Foreign</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A market place or public place in Rome, where causes were judicially tried, and orations delivered to the people.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A tribunal; a court; an assembly empowered to hear and decide causes.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He [Lord Camden] was . . . more eminent in the senate than in the <i>forum</i>.</blockquote> <i>Brougham.</i></p>

<p><hw>For*waked"</hw> (? or ?), <pos><i>p. p. & a.</i></pos> <def>Tired out with excessive waking or watching.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>For*wan"der</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To wander away; to go astray; to wander far and to weariness.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>For"ward</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE., fr. AS. <i>foreweard</i>; <i>fore</i> before + <i>weard</i> a ward. See <u>Ward</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <def>An agreement; a covenant; a promise.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Tell us a tale anon, as <i>forward</i> is.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>For"ward</hw> (?), <hw>For"wards</hw> (?) }, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> [AS. <i>forweard</i>, <i>foreweard</i>; <i>for</i>, <i>fore</i> + <i>-weardes</i>; akin to G. <i>vorw&auml;rts</i>. The <i>s</i> is properly a genitive ending. See <u>For</u>, <u>Fore</u>, and <u>-ward</u>, <u>-wards</u>.] <def>Toward a part or place before or in front; onward; in advance; progressively; — opposed to <i>backward</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>For"ward</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Near, or at the fore part; in advance of something else; as, the <i>forward</i> gun in a ship, or the <i>forward</i> ship in a fleet.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Ready; prompt; strongly inclined; in an ill sense, overready; too hasty.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Only they would that we should remember the poor; the same which I also was <i>forward</i> to do.</blockquote> <i>Gal. ii. 10.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Nor do we find him <i>forward</i> to be sounded.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Ardent; eager; earnest; in an ill sense, less reserved or modest than is proper; bold; confident; as, the boy is too <i>forward</i> for his years.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I have known men disagreeably <i>forward</i> from their shyness.</blockquote> <i>T. Arnold.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Advanced beyond the usual degree; advanced for the season; as, the grass is <i>forward</i>, or <i>forward</i> for the season; we have a <i>forward</i> spring.</def> </p>

<p><blockquote>The most <i>forward</i> bud<BR> Is eaten by the canker ere it blow.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>For"ward</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Forwarded</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Forwarding</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To help onward; to advance; to promote; to accelerate; to quicken; to hasten; as, to <i>forward</i> the growth of a plant; to <i>forward</i> one in improvement.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To send forward; to send toward the place of destination; to transmit; as, to <i>forward</i> a letter.</def></p>

<p><hw>For"ward*er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who forwards or promotes; a promoter.</def> <i>Udall.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>One who sends forward anything; <i>(Com.)</i> one who transmits goods; a forwarding merchant.</def> </p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Bookbinding)</i> <def>One employed in forwarding.</def></p>

<p><hw>For"ward*ing</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of one who forwards; the act or occupation of transmitting merchandise or other property for others.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Bookbinding)</i> <def>The process of putting a book into its cover, and making it ready for the finisher.</def></p>

<p><hw>For"ward*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>Eagerly; hastily; obtrusively.</def></p>

<p><hw>For"ward*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality of being forward; cheerful readiness; promtness; as, the <i>forwardness</i> of Christians in propagating the gospel.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>An advanced stage of progress or of preparation; advancement; as, his measures were in great <i>forwardness</i>.</def> <i>Robertson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Eagerness; ardor; as, it is difficult to restrain the <i>forwardness</i> of youth.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Boldness; confidence; assurance; want of due reserve or modesty.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>In France it is usual to bring children into company, and cherish in them, from their infancy, a kind of <i>forwardness</i> and assurance.</blockquote> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>A state of advance beyond the usual degree; prematureness; precocity; as, the <i>forwardness</i>of spring or of corn; the <i>forwardness</i> of a pupil.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He had such a dexterous proclivity, as his teachers were fain to restrain his <i>forwardness</i>.</blockquote> <i>Sir H. Wotton.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Promptness; promptitude; eagerness; ardor; zeal; assurance; confidence; boldness; impudence; presumption.</p>

<p><hw>For"wards</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Forward</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>For*waste"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>for- </i> + <i>waste</i>.] <def>To desolate or lay waste utterly.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>For*wea"ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To weary extremely; to dispirit.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>For*weep"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To weep much.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>For*wete"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Forewite</u>.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>For*why"</hw> (?), <pos><i>conj.</i></pos> [<i>For</i> + <i>why</i>, AS. <i>hw&?;</i>, instrumental case of <i>hw&amacr;</i> who.] <def>Wherefore; because.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>For*worn"</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Much worn.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>A silly man, in simple weeds <i>forworn</i>.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>For*wot"</hw> (?), <def><pos><i>pres. indic. 1st & 3d pers. sing.</i></pos> of <u>Forwete</u>.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>For*wrap"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To wrap up; to conceal.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>All mote be said and nought excused, nor hid, nor <i>forwrapped</i>.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>For*yelde"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [AS. <i>forgieldan</i>.] <def>To repay; to requite.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>For*yete"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To forget.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>For*yet"ten</hw> (?), obs. <def><pos><i>p. p.</i></pos> of <u>Foryete</u>.</def> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>||For*zan"do</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> [It., prop. p. p. of <i>forzare</i> to force.] <i>(Mus.)</i> <def>See <u>Sforzato</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Fos"sa</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Foss&AElig;</b></plw> (#). [L., a ditch. See <u>Fosse</u>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>A pit, groove, cavity, or depression, of greater or less depth; as, the temporal <i>fossa</i> on the side of the skull; the nasal <i>foss&aelig;</i> containing the nostrils in most birds.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fos"sane`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>fossane</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A species of civet (<i>Viverra fossa</i>) resembling the genet.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fosse</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., fr. L. <i>fossa</i>, fr. <i>fodere</i>, <i>fossum</i>, to dig.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Fort.)</i> <def>A ditch or moat.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>See <u>Fossa</u>.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Fosse road</b></col>. <cd>See <u>Fosseway</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fos"set</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A faucet.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Fos`sette"</hw> (? or ?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., dim. of <i>fosse</i> a fosse.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A little hollow; hence, a dimple.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>A small, deep-centered ulcer of the transparent cornea.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fosse"way`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One of the great military roads constructed by the Romans in England and other parts of Europe; — so called from the <i>fosse</i> or ditch on each side for keeping it dry.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fos"sil</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>fossilis</i>, fr. <i>fodere</i> to dig: cf. F. <i>fossile</i>. See <u>Fosse</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Dug out of the earth; as, <i>fossil</i> coal; <i>fossil</i> salt.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Paleon.)</i> <def>Like or pertaining to fossils; contained in rocks, whether petrified or not; as, <i>fossil</i> plants, shells.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Fossil copal</b></col>, <cd>a resinous substance, first found in the blue clay at Highgate, near London, and apparently a vegetable resin, partly changed by remaining in the earth.</cd> — <col><b>Fossil cork</b></col>, <col><b>flax</b></col>, <col><b>paper</b></col>, or <col><b>wood</b></col>, <cd>varieties of amianthus.</cd> — <col><b>Fossil farina</b></col>, <cd>a soft carbonate of lime.</cd> — <col><b>Fossil ore</b></col>, <cd>fossiliferous red hematite.</cd> <i>Raymond.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fos"sil</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A substance dug from the earth.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p>&fist; Formerly all minerals were called <i>fossils</i>, but the word is now restricted to express the remains of animals and plants found buried in the earth. <i>Ure.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Paleon.)</i> <def>The remains of an animal or plant found in stratified rocks. Most fossils belong to extinct species, but many of the later ones belong to species still living.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A person whose views and opinions are extremely antiquated; one whose sympathies are with a former time rather than with the present.</def> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><hw>Fos`sil*if"er*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Fossil</i> + <i>-ferous</i>.] <i>(Paleon.)</i> <def>Containing or composed of fossils.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fos*sil`i*fi*ca"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Fossil</i> + L. <i>facere</i> to make.] <def>The process of becoming fossil.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fos"sil*ism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The science or state of fossils.</def> <i>Coleridge.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The state of being extremely antiquated in views and opinions.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fos"sil*ist</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who is versed in the science of fossils; a paleontologist.</def> <i>Joseph Black.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fos`sil*i*za"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>fossilisation</i>.] <def>The process of converting, or of being converted, into a fossil.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fos"sil*ize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Fossilized</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Fossilizing</u> (?).] [Cf. F. <i>fossiliser</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To convert into a fossil; to petrify; as, to <i>fossilize</i> bones or wood.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To cause to become antiquated, rigid, or fixed, as by fossilization; to mummify; to deaden.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Ten layers of birthdays on a woman's head<BR> Are apt to <i>fossilize</i> her girlish mirth.</blockquote> <i>Mrs. Browning.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fos"sil*ize</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To become fossil.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To become antiquated, rigid, or fixed, beyond the influence of change or progress.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fos"sil*ized</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Converted into a fossil; antiquated; firmly fixed in views or opinions.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A <i>fossilized</i> sample of confused provincialism.</blockquote> <i>Earle.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Fos*so"res</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr. L. <i>fossor&?;</i> digger, fr. <i>fodere</i> to dig.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A group of hymenopterous insects including the sand wasps. They excavate cells in earth, where they deposit their eggs, with the bodies of other insects for the food of the young when hatched.</def> [Written also <i>Fossoria</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>||Fos*so"ri*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>See <u>Fossores</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fos*so"ri*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>fossor</i> a digger.] <def>Fitted for digging, adapted for burrowing or digging; as, a <i>fossorial</i> foot; a <i>fossorial</i> animal.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fos*so"ri*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Adapted for digging; — said of the legs of certain insects.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fos"su*late</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>fossula</i> little ditch, dim. of <i>fossa</i>. See <u>Fosse</u>.] <def>Having, or surrounded by, long, narrow depressions or furrows.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fos"ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Fostered</u> (?), <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Fostering</u>.] [OE. <i>fostren</i>, fr. AS. <i>f&omacr;ster</i>, <i>f&omacr;stor</i>, food, nourishment, fr. <i>f&omacr;da</i> food. &radic;75. See <u>Food</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To feed; to nourish; to support; to bring up.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Some say that ravens <i>foster</i> forlorn children.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To cherish; to promote the growth of; to encourage; to sustain and promote; as, to <i>foster</i> genius.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fos"ter</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To be nourished or trained up together.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fos"ter</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [AS. <i>f&omacr;ster</i>, <i>f&omacr;stor</i>, nourishment. See <u>Foster</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>] <def>Relating to nourishment; affording, receiving, or sharing nourishment or nurture; — applied to father, mother, child, brother, etc., to indicate that the person so called stands in the relation of parent, child, brother, etc., as regards sustenance and nurture, but not by tie of blood.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Foster</b></col> <col><b>babe, or child</b></col>, <cd>an infant of child nursed by a woman not its mother, or bred by a man not its father.</cd> — <col><b>Foster brother</b></col>, <col><b>Foster sister</b></col>, <cd>one who is, or has been, nursed at the same breast, or brought up by the same nurse as another, but is not of the same parentage.</cd> — <col><b>Foster dam</b></col>, <cd>one who takes the place of a mother; a nurse.</cd> <i>Dryden.</i> — <col><b>Foster earth</b></col>, <cd>earth by which a plant is nourished, though not its native soil.</cd> <i>J. Philips.</i> — <col><b> Foster father</b></col>, <cd>a man who takes the place of a father in caring for a child.</cd> <i>Bacon.</i> — <col><b>Foster land</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>Land allotted for the maintenance of any one.</cd> [Obs.] <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>One's adopted country.</cd> — <col><b>Foster lean</b></col> [<i>foster</i> + AS. <i>l&aelig;n</i> a loan See <u>Loan</u>.], <cd>remuneration fixed for the rearing of a foster child; also, the jointure of a wife.</cd> [Obs.] <i>Wharton.</i> — <col><b>Foster mother</b></col>, <cd>a woman who takes a mother's place in the nurture and care of a child; a nurse.</cd> — <col><b>Foster nurse</b></col>, <cd>a nurse; a nourisher.</cd> [R.] <i>Shak.</i> — <col><b>Foster parent</b></col>, <cd>a foster mother or foster father.</cd> — <col><b>Foster son</b></col>, <cd>a male foster child.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fos"ter</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A forester.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fos"ter*age</hw> (?; 48), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The care of a foster child; the charge of nursing.</def> <i>Sir W. Raleigh.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fos"ter*er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who, or that which, fosters.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fos"ter*ling</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>f&omacr;storling</i>.] <def>A foster child.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fos"ter*ment</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Food; nourishment.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Fos"tress</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [For <i>fosteress</i>.] <def>A woman who feeds and cherishes; a nurse.</def> <i>B. Jonson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Foth"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>fother</i>, <i>foder</i>, AS. <i>f&omacr;&?;er</i> a cartload; akin to G. <i>fuder</i> a cartload, a unit of measure, OHG. <i>fuodar</i>, D. <i>voeder</i>, and perh. to E. <i>fathom</i>, or cf. Skr. <i>p&amacr;tr&amacr;</i> vessel, dish. Cf. <u>Fodder</u> a fother.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A wagonload; a load of any sort.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Of dung full many a <i>fother</i>.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>See <u>Fodder</u>, a unit of weight.</def></p>

<p><hw>Foth"er</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Fothered</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Fothering</u>.] [Cf. <u>Fodder</u> food, and G. <i>f&uuml;ttern</i>, <i>futtern</i>, to cover within or without, to line. &radic;75.] <def>To stop (a leak in a ship at sea) by drawing under its bottom a thrummed sail, so that the pressure of the water may force it into the crack.</def> <i>Totten.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fo"tive</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>fovere</i>, <i>fotum</i>, to keep warm, to cherish.] <def>Nourishing.</def> [Obs.] <i>T. Carew (1633).</i></p>

<p><hw>Fot"mal</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Com.)</i> <def>Seventy pounds of lead.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>||Fou`gade"</hw> (?), <hw>||Fou`gasse"</hw> (?) }, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Mil.)</i> <def>A small mine, in the form of a well sunk from the surface of the ground, charged with explosive and projectiles. It is made in a position likely to be occupied by the enemy.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fought</hw> (?), <def><pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> of <u>Fight</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fought"en</hw> (?), <def><pos><i>p. p.</i></pos> of <u>Fight</u>.</def> [Archaic]</p>

<p><hw>Foul</hw> (foul), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Fowl</u>.] <def>A bird.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Foul</hw> (foul), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<pos><i>Compar.</i></pos> Fouler (-&etilde;r); <pos><i>superl.</i></pos> <u>Foulest</u>.] [OE. <i>foul</i>, <i>ful</i>, AS. <i>f&umacr;l</i>; akin to D. <i>vuil</i>, G. <i>faul</i> rotten, OHG. <i>f&umacr;l</i>, Icel. <i>f&umacr;l</i> foul, fetid; Dan. <i>fuul</i>, Sw. <i>ful</i> foul, Goth. <i>f&umacr;ls</i> fetid, Lith. <i>puti</i> to be putrid, L. <i>putere</i> to stink, be putrid, <i>pus</i> pus, Gr. <grk>py`on</grk> pus, to cause to rot, Skr. <i>p&umacr;y</i> to stink. &radic;82. Cf. <u>Defile</u> to foul, <u>File</u> to foul, <u>Filth</u>, <u>Pus</u>, <u>Putrid</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Covered with, or containing, extraneous matter which is injurious, noxious, offensive, or obstructive; filthy; dirty; not clean; polluted; nasty; defiled; as, a <i>foul</i> cloth; <i>foul</i> hands; a <i>foul</i> chimney; <i>foul</i> air; a ship's bottom is <i>foul</i> when overgrown with barnacles; a gun becomes <i>foul</i> from repeated firing; a well is <i>foul</i> with polluted water.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>My face is <i>foul</i> with weeping.</blockquote> <i>Job. xvi. 16.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Scurrilous; obscene or profane; abusive; as, <i>foul</i> words; <i>foul</i> language.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Hateful; detestable; shameful; odious; wretched.</def> "The <i>foul</i> with Sycorax." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Who first seduced them to that <i>foul</i> revolt?</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Loathsome; disgusting; as, a <i>foul</i> disease.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>Ugly; homely; poor.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Let us, like merchants, show our <i>foulest</i> wares.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>Not favorable; unpropitious; not fair or advantageous; as, a <i>foul</i> wind; a <i>foul</i> road; cloudy or rainy; stormy; not fair; — said of the weather, sky, etc.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>So <i>foul</i> a sky clears not without a storm.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <def>Not conformed to the established rules and customs of a game, conflict, test, etc.; unfair; dishonest; dishonorable; cheating; as, <i>foul</i> play.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>8.</b></sn> <def>Having freedom of motion interfered with by collision or entanglement; entangled; — opposed to <i>clear</i>; as, a rope or cable may get <i>foul</i> while paying it out.</def></p>

<p><! p. 590 !></p>

<p><col><b>Foul anchor</b></col>. <i>(Naut.)</i> <cd>See under <u>Anchor</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Foul ball</b></col> <i>(Baseball)</i>, <cd>a ball that first strikes the ground outside of the foul ball lines, or rolls outside of certain limits.</cd> — <col><b>Foul ball lines</b></col> <i>(Baseball)</i>, <cd>lines from the home base, through the first and third bases, to the boundary of the field.</cd> — <col><b>Foul berth</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>a berth in which a ship is in danger of fouling another vesel.</cd> — <col><b>Foul bill</b></col>, or <col><b>Foul bill of health</b></col>, <cd>a certificate, duly authenticated, that a ship has come from a place where a contagious disorder prevails, or that some of the crew are infected.</cd> — <col><b>Foul copy</b></col>, <cd>a rough draught, with erasures and corrections; — opposed to <i>fair</i> or <i>clean copy</i>.</cd> "Some writers boast of negligence, and others would be ashamed to show their <i>foul copies</i>." <i>Cowper.</i> — <col><b>Foul proof</b></col>, <cd>an uncorrected proof; a proof containing an excessive quantity of errors.</cd> — <col><b>Foul strike</b></col> <i>(Baseball)</i>, <cd>a strike by the batsman when any part of his person is outside of the lines of his position.</cd> — <col><b>To fall foul</b></col>, <cd>to fall out; to quarrel.</cd> [Obs.] "If they be any ways offended, they <i>fall foul</i>." <i>Burton.</i> — <col><b>To</b></col> <col><b>fall, or run</b></col>, <col><b>foul of</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Fall</u>.</cd> — <col><b>To make foul water</b></col>, <cd>to sail in such shallow water that the ship's keel stirs the mud at the bottom.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Foul</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Fouled</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Fouling</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To make filthy; to defile; to daub; to dirty; to soil; as, to <i>foul</i> the face or hands with mire.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Mil.)</i> <def>To incrust (the bore of a gun) with burnt powder in the process of firing.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To cover (a ship's bottom) with anything that impered its sailing; as, a bottom <i>fouled</i> with barnacles.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To entangle, so as to impede motion; as, to <i>foul</i> a rope or cable in paying it out; to come into collision with; as, one boat <i>fouled</i> the other in a race.</def></p>

<p><hw>Foul</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To become clogged with burnt powder in the process of firing, as a gun.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To become entagled, as ropes; to come into collision with something; as, the two boats <i>fouled</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Foul</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>An entanglement; a collision, as in a boat race.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Baseball)</i> <def>See <i>Foul ball</i>, under <u>Foul</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos></def></p>

<p><hw>||Fou`lard"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F.] <def>A thin, washable material of silk, or silk and cotton, originally imported from India, but now also made elsewhere.</def></p>

<p><hw>Foul"der</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [OE. <i>fouldre</i> lightning, fr. F. <i>foudre</i>, OF. also <i>fouldre</i>, fr. L. <i>fulgur</i>. See <u>Fulgor</u>.] <def>To flash, as lightning; to lighten; to gleam; to thunder.</def> [Obs.] "Flames of <i>fouldering</i> heat." <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Foul"e</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>Foully.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Foul"ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>v.</i></pos> <def>In a foul manner; filthily; nastily; shamefully; unfairly; dishonorably.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I <i>foully</i> wronged him; do forgive me, do.</blockquote> <i>Gay.</i></p>

<p><hw>Foul"-mouthed`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Using language scurrilous, opprobrious, obscene, or profane; abusive.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>So <i>foul-mouthed</i> a witness never appeared in any cause.</blockquote> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><hw>Foul"ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>f&umacr;lnes</i>.] <def>The quality or condition of being foul.</def></p>

<p><hw>Foul"-spo`ken</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Using profane, scurrilous, slanderous, or obscene language.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fou"mart`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>folmard</i>, <i>fulmard</i>; AS. <i>f&?;l</i> foul + <i>mear&eth;</i>, <i>meard</i>, marten: cf. F. <i>marte</i>, <i>martre</i>. See <u>Foul</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>, and <u>Marten</u> the quadruped.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The European polecat; — called also <i>European ferret</i>, and <i>fitchew</i>. See <u>Polecat</u>.</def> [Written also <i>foulmart</i>, <i>foulimart</i>, and <i>fulimart</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Found</hw> (?), <def><pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> of <u>Find</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Found</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Founded</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Founding</u>.] [F. <i>fondre</i>, L. <i>fundere</i> to found, pour.] <def>To form by melting a metal, and pouring it into a mold; to cast.</def> "Whereof to <i>found</i> their engines." <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Found</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A thin, single-cut file for combmakers.</def></p>

<p><hw>Found</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Founded</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Founding</u>.] [F. <i>fonder</i>, L. <i>fundare</i>, fr. <i>fundus</i> bottom. See 1st <u>Bottom</u>, and cf. <u>Founder</u>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos>, <u>Fund</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To lay the basis of; to set, or place, as on something solid, for support; to ground; to establish upon a basis, literal or figurative; to fix firmly.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I had else been perfect,<BR> Whole as the marble, <i>founded</i> as the rock.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>A man that all his time<BR> Hath <i>founded</i> his good fortunes on your love.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>It fell not, for it was <i>founded</i> on a rock.</blockquote> <i>Matt. vii. 25.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To take the ffirst steps or measures in erecting or building up; to furnish the materials for beginning; to begin to raise; to originate; as, to <i>found</i> a college; to <i>found</i> a family.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>There they shall <i>found</i><BR> Their government, and their great senate choose.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — To base; ground; institute; establish; fix. See <u>Predicate</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Foun*da"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>fondation</i>, L. <i>fundatio</i>. See <u>Found</u> to establish.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of founding, fixing, establishing, or beginning to erect.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>That upon which anything is founded; that on which anything stands, and by which it is supported; the lowest and supporting layer of a superstructure; groundwork; basis.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Behold, I lay in Zion, for a <i>foundation</i>, a stone . . . a precious corner stone, a sure <i>foundation</i>.</blockquote> <i>Is. xxviii. 16.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>foundation</i> of a free common wealth.</blockquote> <i>Motley.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>The lowest and supporting part or member of a wall, including the base course (see <i>Base course</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd>, under <u>Base</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>) and footing courses; in a frame house, the whole substructure of masonry.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>A donation or legacy appropriated to support a charitable institution, and constituting a permanent fund; endowment.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He was entered on the <i>foundation</i> of Westminster.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>That which is founded, or established by endowment; an endowed institution or charity.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Against the canon laws of our <i>foundation</i>.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Foundation course</b></col>. <cd>See <i>Base course</i>, under <u>Base</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></cd> — <col><b>Foundation muslin</b></col>, <cd>an open-worked gummed fabric used for stiffening dresses, bonnets, etc.</cd> — <col><b>Foundation school</b></col>, <cd>in England, an endowed school.</cd> — <col><b>To be on a foundation</b></col>, <cd>to be entitled to a support from the proceeds of an endowment, as a scholar or a fellow of a college.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Foun*da"tion*er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who derives support from the funds or foundation of a college or school.</def> [Eng.]</p>

<p><hw>Foun*da"tion*less</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having no foundation.</def></p>

<p><hw>Found"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. OF. <i>fondeor</i>, F. <i>fondateur</i>, L. <i>fundator</i>.] <def>One who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author; one from whom anything originates; one who endows.</def></p>

<p><hw>Found"er</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From <u>Found</u> to cast.] <def>One who founds; one who casts metals in various forms; a caster; as, a <i>founder</i> of cannon, bells, hardware, or types.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Fonder's dust</b></col>. <cd>Same as <u>Facing</u>, 4.</cd> — <col><b>Founder's sand</b></col>, <cd>a kind of sand suitable for purposes of molding.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Found"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Foundered</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Foundering</u>.] [OF. <i>fondrer</i> to fall in, cf. F. <i>s'effondrer</i>, fr. <i>fond</i> bottom, L. <i>fundus</i>. See <u>Found</u> to establish.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>To become filled with water, and sink, as a ship.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To fall; to stumble and go lame, as a horse.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>For which his horse fear&eacute; gan to turn,<BR> And leep aside, and <i>foundrede</i> as he leep.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To fail; to miscarry.</def> "All his tricks <i>founder</i>." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Found"er</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To cause internal inflammation and soreness in the feet or limbs of (a horse), so as to disable or lame him.</def></p>

<p><hw>Found"er</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Far.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A lameness in the foot of a horse, occasioned by inflammation; closh.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>An inflammatory fever of the body, or acute rheumatism; as, chest <i>founder</i>. See <u>Chest ffounder</u>.</def> <i>James White.</i></p>

<p><hw>Foun"der*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Difficult to travel; likely to trip one up; as, a <i>founderous</i> road.</def> [R.] <i>Burke.</i></p>

<p><hw>Found"er*shaft`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Mining)</i> <def>The first shaft sunk.</def> <i>Raymond.</i></p>

<p><hw>Found"er*y</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Founderies</b></plw> (#). [F. <i>fonderie</i>, fr. <i>fondre</i>. See <u>Found</u> to cast, and cf. <u>Foundry</u>.] <def>Same as <u>Foundry</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Found"ing</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The art of smelting and casting metals.</def></p>

<p><hw>Found"ling</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>foundling</i>, <i>fundling</i>; <i>finden</i> to find + <i>- ling</i>; cf. <i>f&uuml;ndling</i>, <i>findling</i>. See <u>Find</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>, and <u>-ling</u>.] <def>A deserted or exposed infant; a child found without a parent or owner.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Foundling hospital</b></col>, <cd>a hospital for foundlings.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Found"ress</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A female founder; a woman who founds or establishes, or who endows with a fund.</def></p>

<p><hw>Found"ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Foundries</b></plw> (#). [See <u>Foundery</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act, process, or art of casting metals.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The buildings and works for casting metals.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Foundry ladle</b></col>, <cd>a vessel for holding molten metal and conveying it from cupola to the molds.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fount</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Font</u>.] <i>(Print.)</i> <def>A font.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fount</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>font</i>, <i>funt</i>, fr. L. <i>fons</i>, <i>fontis</i>, a fountain; of uncertain origin, perh. akin to <i>fundere</i> to pour, E. <i>found</i> to cast. Cf. <u>Font</u>.] <def>A fountain.</def></p>

<p><hw>Foun"tain</hw> (foun"t&ibreve;n), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>fontaine</i>, LL. <i>fontana</i>, fr. L. <i>fons</i>, <i>fontis</i>. See 2d <u>Fount</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A spring of water issuing from the earth.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>An artificially produced jet or stream of water; also, the structure or works in which such a jet or stream rises or flows; a basin built and constantly supplied with pure water for drinking and other useful purposes, or for ornament.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A reservoir or chamber to contain a liquid which can be conducted or drawn off as needed for use; as, the ink <i>fountain</i> in a printing press, etc.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>The source from which anything proceeds, or from which anything is supplied continuously; origin; source.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Judea, the <i>fountain</i> of the gospel.</blockquote> <i>Fuller.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Author of all being,<BR> <i>Fountain</i> of light, thyself invisible.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Air fountain</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Air</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Fountain heead</b></col>, <cd>primary source; original; first principle.</cd> <i>Young.</i> — <col><b>Fountain inkstand</b></col>, <cd>an inkstand having a continual supply of ink, as from elevated reservoir.</cd> — <col><b>Fountain lamp</b></col>, <cd>a lamp fed with oil from an elevated reservoir.</cd> — <col><b>Fountain pen</b></col>, <cd>a pen with a reservoir in the handle which furnishes a supply of ink.</cd> — <col><b>Fountain pump</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>A structure for a fountain, having the form of a pump.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>A portable garden pump which throws a jet, for watering plants, etc.</cd> — <col><b>Fountain shell</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the large West Indian conch shell (<i>Strombus gigas</i>).</cd> — <col><b>Fountain of youth</b></col>, <cd>a mythical fountain whose waters were fabled to have the property of renewing youth.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Foun"tain*less</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having no fountain; destitute of springs or sources of water.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Barren desert, <i>fountainless</i> and dry.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fount"ful</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Full of fountains.</def> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><hw>Four</hw> (f&omacr;r), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [OE. <i>four</i>, <i>fower</i>, <i>feower</i>, AS. <i>fe&oacute;wer</i>; akin to OS. <i>fiwar</i>, D. & G. <i>vier</i>, OHG. <i>fior</i>, Icel. <i>fj&omacr;rir</i>, Sw. <i>fyra</i>, Dan. <i>fire</i>, Goth. <i>fidw&omacr;r</i>, Russ. <i>chetuire</i>, <i>chetvero</i>, W. <i>pedwar</i>, L. <i>quatuor</i>, Gr. <grk>te`ttares</grk>, <grk>te`ssares</grk>, <grk>pi`syres</grk>, Skr. <i>catur</i>. &radic;302. Cf. <u>Farthing</u>, <u>Firkin</u>, <u>Forty</u>, <u>Cater</u> four, <u>Quater-cousin</u>, <u>Quatuor</u>, <u>Quire</u> of paper, <u>tetrarch</u>.] <def>One more than three; twice two.</def></p>

<p><hw>Four</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The sum of four units; four units or objects.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A symbol representing four units, as 4 or iv.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Four things of the same kind, esp. four horses; as, a chariot and <i>four</i>.</def></p>

<p><col><b>All fours</b></col>. <cd>See <u>All fours</u>, in the Vocabulary.</cd></p>

<p>{ <hw>Fourb</hw>, <hw>Fourbe</hw> (?) }, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F.] <def>A tricky fellow; a cheat.</def> [Obs.] <i>Evelyn.</i> <i>Denham.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Four`ch&eacute;"</hw> (f&oomac;r`sh&asl;"), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [F. See <u>Fork</u>.] <i>(Her.)</i> <def>Having the ends forked or branched, and the ends of the branches terminating abruptly as if cut off; — said of an ordinary, especially of a cross.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Four`chette"</hw> (f&oomac;r`sh&ebreve;t"), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., dim. of <i>fourche</i>. See <u>Fork</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A table fork.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Anat.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A small fold of membrane, connecting the labia in the posterior part of the vulva.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The wishbone or furculum of birds.</def> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <def>The frog of the hoof of the horse and allied animals.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Surg.)</i> <def>An instrument used to raise and support the tongue during the cutting of the fr&aelig;num.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Glove Making)</i> <def>The forked piece between two adjacent fingers, to which the front and back portions are sewed.</def> <i>Knight.</i></p>

<p><hw>Four"-cor`nered</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having four corners or angles.</def></p>

<p><hw>Four`dri`nier"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A machine used in making paper; — so named from an early inventor of improvements in this class of machinery.</def></p>

<p><hw>Four"fold`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a. & adv.</i></pos> [AS. <i>fe&oacute;werfeold</i>.] <def>Four times; quadruple; as, a <i>fourfold</i> division.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He shall restore the lamb <i>fourfold</i>.</blockquote> <i>2 Sam. xii. 6.</i></p>

<p><hw>Four"fold`</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Four times as many or as much.</def></p>

<p><hw>Four"fold`</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To make four times as much or as many, as an assessment; to quadruple.</def></p>

<p><hw>Four"foot`ed</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having four feet; quadruped; as, <i>fourfooted</i> beasts.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Four`gon"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F.] <i>(Mil.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>An ammunition wagon.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A French baggage wagon.</def></p>

<p><hw>Four"hand`ed</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Having four hands; quadrumanous.</def> <i>Goldsmith.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Requiring four "hands" or players; as, a <i>fourhanded</i> game at cards.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fou"ri*er*ism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The co&ouml;perative socialistic system of Charles <i>Fourier</i>, a Frenchman, who recommended the reorganization of society into small communities, living in common.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Fou"ri*er*ist</hw>, <hw>Fou"ri*er*ite</hw> (?) }, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who adopts the views of Fourier.</def></p>

<p><hw>Four"-in-hand</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Consisting of four horses controlled by one person; as, a <i>four-in-hand</i> team; drawn by four horses driven by one person; as, a <i>four-in- hand</i> coach.</def> — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A team of four horses driven by one person; also, a vehicle drawn by such a team.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>As quaint a <i>four-in-hand</i><BR> As you shall see.</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Four"ling</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One of four children born at the same time.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Crystallog.)</i> <def>A compound or twin crystal consisting of four individuals.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Four`neau"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F.] <i>(Mil.)</i> <def>The chamber of a mine in which the powder is placed.</def></p>

<p><hw>Four"-o'clock`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A plant of the genus <i>Mirabilis</i>. There are about half a dozen species, natives of the warmer parts of America. The common <i>four-o'clock</i> is <i>M. Jalapa</i>. Its flowers are white, yellow, and red, and open toward sunset, or earlier in cloudy weather; hence the name. It is also called <i>marvel of Peru</i>, and <i>afternoon lady</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The friar bird; — so called from its cry, which resembles these words.</def></p>

<p><hw>Four"pence</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A British silver coin, worth four pence; a groat.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A name formerly given in New England to the Spanish half real, a silver coin worth six and a quarter cents.</def></p>

<p><hw>Four"-post`er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A large bedstead with tall posts at the corners to support curtains.</def> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><hw>Four"rier</hw> (?; F. &?;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., fr. OF. <i>forre</i>. See <u>Forage</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <def>A harbinger.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Four"score`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Four</i> + <i>core</i>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <def>Four times twenty; eighty.</def></p>

<p><hw>Four"score`</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The product of four times twenty; eighty units or objects.</def></p>

<p><hw>Four"square`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having four sides and four equal angles.</def> <i>Sir W. Raleigh.</i></p>

<p><hw>Four"teen`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [OE. <i>fourtene</i>, <i>feowertene</i>, AS. <i>fe&oacute;wert&ymacr;ne</i>, <i>fe&oacute;wert&emacr;ne</i>. See <u>Four</u>, and <u>Ten</u>, and cf. <u>Forty</u>.] <def>Four and ten more; twice seven.</def></p>

<p><hw>Four"teen`</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The sum of ten and four; forteen units or objects.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A symbol representing fourteen, as 14 or xiv.</def></p>

<p><hw>Four"teenth`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. OE. <i>fourtende</i>, <i>fourtethe</i>, AS. <i>fe&oacute;werteo&eth;a</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Next in order after the thirteenth; as, the <i>fourteenth</i> day of the month.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Making or constituting one of fourteen equal parts into which anything may be divided.</def></p>

<p><hw>Four"teenth`</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One of fourteen equal parts into which one whole may be divided; the quotient of a unit divided by fourteen; one next after the thirteenth.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Mus.)</i> <def>The octave of the seventh.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fourth</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [OE. <i>fourthe</i>, <i>ferthe</i>, <i>feorthe</i>, AS. <i>fe&oacute;r&eth;a</i>, fr. <i>fe&oacute;wer</i> four.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Next in order after the third; the ordinal of four.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Forming one of four equal parts into which anything may be divided.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fourth</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One of four equal parts into which one whole may be divided; the quotient of a unit divided by four; one coming next in order after the third.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Mus.)</i> <def>The interval of two tones and a semitone, embracing four diatonic degrees of the scale; the subdominant of any key.</def></p>

<p><col><b>The Fourth</b></col>, <cd>specifically, in the United States, the fourth day of July, the anniversary of the declaration of American independence; as, to celebrate <i>the Fourth</i>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fourth"ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In the fourth place.</def></p>

<p><hw>Four"-way`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Allowing passage in either of four directions; as, a <i>four-way</i> cock, or valve.</def> <i>Francis.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Four-way cock</b></col>, <cd>a cock connected with four pipes or ports, and having two or more passages in the plug, by which the adjacent pipes or ports may be made to communicate; formerly used as a valve in the steam engine, and now for various other purposes. In the illustration, <i>a</i> leads to the upper end of a steam engine cylinder, and <i>b</i> to the lower end; <i>c</i> is the steam pipe, and <i>d</i> the exhaust pipe.</cd></p>

<p><! p. 591 !></p>

<p><hw>Four"-wheeled`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having four wheels.</def></p>

<p><hw>Four"-wheel`er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A vehicle having four wheels.</def> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><hw>||Fous"sa</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Natibe name.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A viverrine animal of Madagascar (<i>Cryptoprocta ferox</i>). It resembles a cat in size and form, and has retractile claws.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fou"ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>foutre</i> to lecher, L. <i>futuere</i>. Cf. <u>Fouty</u>.] <def>A despicable fellow.</def> [Prov. Eng.] <i>Brockett.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fou"tra</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Fouter</u>.] <def>A fig; — a word of contempt.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>A <i>foutra</i> for the world and wordlings base!</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fou"ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>foutu</i>, p. p. of <i>foutre</i>; OF. <i>foutu</i> scoundrel. See <u>Fouter</u>.] <def>Despicable.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>||Fo"ve*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Fove&aelig;</b></plw> (#). [L., a small pit.] <def>A slight depression or pit; a fossa.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fo"ve*ate</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>fovea</i> a pit.] <def>Having pits or depressions; pitted.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Fo*ve"o*la</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Foveol&aelig;</b></plw> (#). [NL., dim. of L. <i>fovea</i>.] <def>A small depression or pit; a fovea.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fo"ve*o*late</hw> (? or ?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having small pits or depressions, as the receptacle in some composite flowers.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fo"ve*o*la`ted</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Foveolate.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fo*vil"la</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Fovill&aelig;</b></plw> (#). [Dim. fr. L. <i>fovere to cherish</i>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>One of the fine granules contained in the protoplasm of a pollen grain.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fowl</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> Instead of the <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Fowls</b></plw> the singular is often used collectively. [OE. <i>foul</i>, <i>fowel</i>, <i>foghel</i>, <i>fuhel</i>, <i>fugel</i>, AS. <i>fugol</i>; akin to OS. <i>fugal</i> D. & G. <i>vogel</i>, OHG. <i>fogal</i>, Icel. & Dan. <i>fugl</i>, Sw. <i>fogel</i>, <i>f&aring;gel</i>, Goth. <i>fugls</i>; of unknown origin, possibly by loss of <i>l</i>, from the root of E. <i>fly</i>, or akin to E. <i>fox</i>, as being a tailed animal.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Any bird; esp., any large edible bird.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Let them have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the <i>fowl</i> of the air.</blockquote> <i>Gen. i. 26.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Behold the <i>fowls</i> of the air; for they sow not.</blockquote> <i>Matt. vi. 26.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Like a flight of <i>fowl</i><BR> Scattered by winds and high tempestuous gusts.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Any domesticated bird used as food, as a hen, turkey, duck; in a more restricted sense, the common domestic cock or hen (<i>Gallus domesticus</i>).</def></p>

<p><col><b>Barndoor fowl</b></col>, or <col><b>Barnyard fowl</b></col>, <cd>a fowl that frequents the barnyard; the common domestic cock or hen.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fowl</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Fowled</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Fowling</u>.] <def>To catch or kill wild fowl, for game or food, as by shooting, or by decoys, nets, etc.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Such persons as may lawfully hunt, fish, or <i>fowl</i>.</blockquote> <i>Blackstone.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Fowling piece</b></col>, <cd>a light gun with smooth bore, adapted for the use of small shot in killing birds or small quadrupeds.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fowl"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A sportsman who pursues wild fowl, or takes or kills for food.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fow"ler*ite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From Dr. Samuel <i>Fowler</i>.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>A variety of rhodonite, from Franklin Furnace, New Jersey, containing some zinc.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fow"ler's so*lu"tion</hw> (?). <def>An aqueous solution of arsenite of potassium, of such strength that one hundred parts represent one part of arsenious acid, or white arsenic; — named from <i>Fowler</i>, an English physician who first brought it into use.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fox</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Foxes</b></plw> (#). [AS. <i>fox</i>; akin to D. <i>vos</i>, G. <i>fuchs</i>, OHG. <i>fuhs</i>, <i>foha</i>, Goth. <i>fa&uacute;h&?;</i>, Icel. <i>f&?;a</i> fox, <i>fox</i> fraud; of unknown origin, cf. Skr. <i>puccha</i> tail. Cf. <u>Vixen</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A carnivorous animal of the genus <i>Vulpes</i>, family <i>Canid&aelig;</i>, of many species. The European fox (<i>V. vulgaris</i> or <i>V. vulpes</i>), the American red fox (<i>V. fulvus</i>), the American gray fox (<i>V. Virginianus</i>), and the arctic, white, or blue, fox (<i>V. lagopus</i>) are well-known species.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The <i>black</i> or <i>silver-gray</i> fox is a variety of the American red fox, producing a fur of great value; the <i>cross- gray</i> and <i>woods-gray</i> foxes are other varieties of the same species, of less value. The common foxes of Europe and America are very similar; both are celebrated for their craftiness. They feed on wild birds, poultry, and various small animals.</p>

<p><blockquote>Subtle as the <i>fox</i> for prey.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The European dragonet.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The fox shark or thrasher shark; — called also <i>sea fox</i>. See <i>Thrasher shark</i>, under <u>Shark</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>A sly, cunning fellow.</def> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><blockquote>We call a crafty and cruel man a <i>fox</i>.</blockquote> <i>Beattie.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>Rope yarn twisted together, and rubbed with tar; — used for seizings or mats.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>A sword; — so called from the stamp of a <i>fox</i> on the blade, or perhaps of a wolf taken for a fox.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Thou diest on point of <i>fox</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <i>pl.</i> <i>(Ethnol.)</i> <def>A tribe of Indians which, with the Sacs, formerly occupied the region about Green Bay, Wisconsin; — called also <i>Outagamies</i>.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Fox and geese</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>A boy's game, in which one boy tries to catch others as they run one goal to another.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>A game with sixteen checkers, or some substitute for them, one of which is called the <i>fox</i>, and the rest the <i>geese</i>; the <i>fox</i>, whose first position is in the middle of the board, endeavors to break through the line of the geese, and the geese to pen up the fox.</cd> — <col><b>Fox bat</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a large fruit bat of the genus <i>Pteropus</i>, of many species, inhabiting Asia, Africa, and the East Indies, esp. <i>P. medius</i> of India. Some of the species are more than four feet across the outspread wings. See <u>Fruit bat</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Fox bolt</b></col>, <cd>a bolt having a split end to receive a fox wedge.</cd> — <col><b>Fox brush</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the tail of a fox.</cd> — <col><b>Fox evil</b></col>, <cd>a disease in which the hair falls off; alopecy.</cd> — <col><b>Fox grape</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>the name of two species of American grapes. The northern fox grape (<i>Vitis Labrusca</i>) is the origin of the varieties called <i>Isabella</i>, <i>Concord</i>, <i>Hartford</i>, etc., and the southern fox grape (<i>Vitis vulpina</i>) has produced the <i>Scuppernong</i>, and probably the <i>Catawba</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Fox hunter</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>One who pursues foxes with hounds.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>A horse ridden in a fox chase.</cd> — <col><b>Fox shark</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the thrasher shark. See <i>Thrasher shark</i>, under <u>Thrasher</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Fox sleep</b></col>, <cd>pretended sleep.</cd> — <col><b>Fox sparrow</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a large American sparrow (<i>Passerella iliaca</i>); — so called on account of its reddish color.</cd> — <col><b>Fox squirrel</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a large North American squirrel (<i>Sciurus niger</i>, or <i>S. cinereus</i>). In the Southern States the black variety prevails; farther north the fulvous and gray variety, called the <i>cat squirrel</i>, is more common.</cd> — <col><b>Fox terrier</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>one of a peculiar breed of terriers, used in hunting to drive foxes from their holes, and for other purposes. There are rough- and smooth-haired varieties.</cd> — <col><b>Fox trot</b></col>, <cd>a pace like that which is adopted for a few steps, by a horse, when passing from a walk into a trot, or a trot into a walk.</cd> — <col><b>Fox wedge</b></col> <i>(Mach. & Carpentry)</i>, <cd>a wedge for expanding the split end of a bolt, cotter, dowel, tenon, or other piece, to fasten the end in a hole or mortise and prevent withdrawal. The wedge abuts on the bottom of the hole and the piece is driven down upon it. Fastening by fox wedges is called <i>foxtail wedging</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Fox wolf</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>one of several South American wild dogs, belonging to the genus <i>Canis</i>. They have long, bushy tails like a fox.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fox</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Foxed</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Foxing</u>.] [See <u>Fox</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, cf. Icel. <i>fox</i> imposture.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To intoxicate; to stupefy with drink.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I drank . . . so much wine that I was almost <i>foxed</i>.</blockquote> <i>Pepys.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To make sour, as beer, by causing it to ferment.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To repair the feet of, as of boots, with new front upper leather, or to piece the upper fronts of.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fox</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To turn sour; — said of beer, etc., when it sours in fermenting.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fox"earth`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A hole in the earth to which a fox resorts to hide himself.</def></p>

<p><hw>Foxed</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Discolored or stained; — said of timber, and also of the paper of books or engravings.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Repaired by foxing; as, <i>foxed</i> boots.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fox"e*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Behavior like that of a fox; cunning.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fox"es</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> <i>(Ethnol.)</i> <def>See <u>Fox</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, 7.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fox"fish`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The fox shark; — called also <i>sea fox</i>. See <i>Thrasher shark</i>, under <u>Shark</u>.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The european dragonet. See <u>Dragonet</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fox"glove`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>foxes- gl&omacr;fa</i>, <i>foxes-cl&omacr;fa</i>,<i>foxes-clife</i>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Any plant of the genus <i>Digitalis</i>. The common English foxglove (<i>Digitalis purpurea</i>) is a handsome perennial or biennial plant, whose leaves are used as a powerful medicine, both as a sedative and diuretic. See <u>Digitalis</u>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Pan through the pastures oftentimes hath run<BR> To pluck the speckled <i>foxgloves</i> from their stem.</blockquote> <i>W. Browne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fox"hound`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of a special breed of hounds used for chasing foxes.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fox"-hunt`ing</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pertaining to or engaged in the hunting of foxes; fond of hunting foxes.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fox"i*ness</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The state or quality of being foxy, or foxlike; craftiness; shrewdness.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The state of being foxed or discolored, as books; decay; deterioration.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A coarse and sour taste in grapes.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fox"ish</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Foxlike.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Fox"like`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Resembling a fox in his characteristic qualities; cunning; artful; foxy.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fox"ly</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Foxlike.</def> [Obs.] "<i>Foxly</i> craft." <i>Latimer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fox"ship</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Foxiness; craftiness.</def> [R.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fox"tail`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The tail or brush of a fox.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The name of several kinds of grass having a soft dense head of flowers, mostly the species of <i>Alopecurus</i> and <i>Setaria</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Metal.)</i> <def>The last cinders obtained in the fining process.</def> <i>Raymond.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Foxtail saw</b></col>, <cd>a dovetail saw.</cd> — <col><b>Foxtail wedging</b></col>. <cd>See <i>Fox wedge</i>, under <u>Fox</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fox"y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Like or pertaining to the fox; foxlike in disposition or looks; wily.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Modred's narrow, <i>foxy</i> face.</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Having the color of a fox; of a yellowish or reddish brown color; — applied sometimes to paintings when they have too much of this color.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Having the odor of a fox; rank; strong smeelling.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Sour; unpleasant in taste; — said of wine, beer, etc., not properly fermented; — also of grapes which have the coarse flavor of the fox grape.</def></p>

<p><hw>Foy</hw> (foi), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>foi</i>, old spelling <i>foy</i>, faith. See <u>Faith</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Faith; allegiance; fealty.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A feast given by one about to leave a place.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>He did at the Dog give me, and some other friends of his, his <i>foy</i>, he being to set sail to-day.</blockquote> <i>Pepys.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Foy`er"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., fr. LL. <i>focarium</i> fireplace. See <u>Focus</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A lobby in a theater; a greenroom.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The crucible or basin in a furnace which receives the molten metal.</def> <i>Knight.</i></p>

<p><hw>Foy"son</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Obs.] <def>See <u>Foison</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fo"zi*ness</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The state of being fozy; spiritlessness; dullness.</def> [Scot.]</p>

<p><blockquote>[The Whigs'] <i>foziness</i> can no longer be concealed.</blockquote> <i>Blackwood's.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fo"zy</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Spongy; soft; fat and puffy.</def> [Scot.]</p>

<p><hw>Fra</hw> (fr&adot;), <pos><i>adv. & prep.</i></pos> [OE.] <def>Fro.</def> [Old Eng. & Scot.]</p>

<p><hw>Fra</hw> (fr&adot;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [It., for <i>frate</i>. See <u>Friar</u>.] <def>Brother; — a title of a monk or friar; as, <i>Fra</i> Angelo.</def> <i>Longfellow.</i></p>

<p><hw>Frab</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i. & t.</i></pos> <def>To scold; to nag.</def> [Prov. Eng.]</p>

<p><hw>Frab"bit</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Crabbed; peevish.</def> [Prov. Eng.]</p>

<p><hw>Fra"cas</hw> (fr&amacr;"k<i>a</i>s; F. fr&adot;`k&auml;"; 277), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., crash, din, tumult, It. <i>fracasso</i>, fr. <i>fracassare</i> to break in pieces, perh. fr. <i>fra</i> within, among (L. <i>infra</i>) + <i>cassare</i> to annul, cashier. Cf. <u>Cashier</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>] <def>An uproar; a noisy quarrel; a disturbance; a brawl.</def></p>

<p><hw>Frache</hw> (fr&amacr;sh), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A shallow iron pan to hold glass ware while being annealed.</def></p>

<p><hw>Frac"id</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>fracidus</i> mellow, soft.] <def>Rotten from being too ripe; overripe.</def> [Obs.] <i>Blount.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fract</hw> (fr&abreve;kt), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [L. <i>fractus</i>, p. p. of <i>frangere</i> to break.] <def>To break; to violate.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Frac"ted</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Her.)</i> <def>Having a part displaced, as if broken; — said of an ordinary.</def> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><hw>Frac"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>fraction</i>, L. <i>fractio</i> a breaking, fr. <i>frangere</i>, <i>fractum</i>, to break. See <u>Break</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of breaking, or state of being broken, especially by violence.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Neither can the natural body of Christ be subject to any <i>fraction</i> or breaking up.</blockquote> <i>Foxe.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A portion; a fragment.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Some niggard <i>fractions</i> of an hour.</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Arith. or Alg.)</i> <def>One or more aliquot parts of a unit or whole number; an expression for a definite portion of a unit or magnitude.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Common, or Vulgar</b></col>, <col><b>fraction</b></col>, <cd>a fraction in which the number of equal parts into which the integer is supposed to be divided is indicated by figures or letters, called the <i>denominator</i>, written below a line, over which is the <i>numerator</i>, indicating the number of these parts included in the fraction; as &frac12;, one half, &frac25;, two fifths.</cd> — <col><b>Complex fraction</b></col>, <cd>a fraction having a fraction or mixed number in the numerator or denominator, or in both.</cd> <i>Davies & Peck.</i> — <col><b>Compound fraction</b></col>, <cd>a fraction of a fraction; two or more fractions connected by <i>of</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Continued fraction</b></col>, <col><b>Decimal fraction</b></col>, <col><b>Partial fraction</b></col>, etc. <cd>See under <u>Continued</u>, <u>Decimal</u>, <u>Partial</u>, etc.</cd> — <col><b>Improper fraction</b></col>, <cd>a fraction in which the numerator is greater than the denominator.</cd> — <col><b>Proper fraction</b></col>, <cd>a fraction in which the numerator is less than the denominator.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Frac"tion</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>To separate by means of, or to subject to, fractional distillation or crystallization; to fractionate; — frequently used with <i>out</i>; as, to <i>fraction</i> out a certain grade of oil from pretroleum.</def></p>

<p><hw>Frac"tion*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Of or pertaining to fractions or a fraction; constituting a fraction; as, <i>fractional</i> numbers.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Relatively small; inconsiderable; insignificant; as, a <i>fractional</i> part of the population.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Fractional crystallization</b></col> <i>(Chem.)</i>, <cd>a process of gradual and approximate purification and separation, by means of repeated solution and crystallization therefrom.</cd> — <col><b>Fractional currency</b></col>, <cd>small coin, or paper notes, in circulation, of less value than the monetary unit.</cd> — <col><b>Fractional distillation</b></col> <i>(Chem.)</i>, <cd>a process of distillation so conducted that a mixture of liquids, differing considerably from each other in their boiling points, can be separated into its constituents.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Frac"tion*al*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>By fractions or separate portions; as, to distill a liquid <i>fractionally</i>, that is, so as to separate different portions.</def></p>

<p><hw>Frac"tion*a*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Fractional.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Frac"tion*ate</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To separate into different portions or fractions, as in the distillation of liquids.</def></p>

<p><hw>Frac"tious</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. Prov. E. <i>frack</i> forward, eager, E. <i>freak</i>, <i>fridge</i>; or Prov. E. <i>fratch</i> to squabble, quarrel.] <def>Apt to break out into a passion; apt to scold; cross; snappish; ugly; unruly; as, a <i>fractious</i> man; a <i>fractious</i> horse.</def></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Snappish; peevish; waspish; cross; irritable; perverse; pettish.</p>

<p>— <wf>Frac"tious*ly</wf>, <pos><i>v.</i></pos> — <wf>Frac"tious*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Frac"tur*al</hw> (?; 135), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pertaining to, or consequent on, a fracture.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Frac"ture</hw> (?; 135), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>fractura</i>, fr. <i>frangere</i>, <i>fractum</i>, to break: cf. F. <i>fracture</i>. See <u>Fraction</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of breaking or snapping asunder; rupture; breach.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Surg.)</i> <def>The breaking of a bone.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Min.)</i> <def>The texture of a freshly broken surface; as, a compact <i>fracture</i>; an even, hackly, or conchoidal <i>fracture</i>.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Comminuted fracture</b></col> <i>(Surg.)</i>, <cd>a fracture in which the bone is broken into several parts.</cd> — <col><b>Complicated fracture</b></col> <i>(Surg.)</i>, <cd>a fracture of the bone combined with the lesion of some artery, nervous trunk, or joint.</cd> — <col><b>Compound fracture</b></col> <i>(Surg.)</i>, <cd>a fracture in which there is an open wound from the surface down to the fracture.</cd> — <col><b>Simple fracture</b></col> <i>(Surg.)</i>, <cd>a fracture in which the bone only is ruptured. It does not communicate with the surface by an open wound.</cd></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — <u>Fracture</u>, <u>Rupture</u>. These words denote different kinds of <i>breaking</i>, according to the objects to which they are applied. <i>Fracture</i> is applied to hard substances; as, the <i>fracture</i> of a bone. <i>Rupture</i> is oftener applied to soft substances; as, the <i>rupture</i> of a blood vessel. It is also used figuratively. "To be an enemy and once to have been a friend, does it not embitter the <i>rupture</i>?" <i>South.</i></p>

<p><! p. 592 !></p>

<p><hw>Frac"ture</hw> (?; 135), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Fractured</u> (#; 135); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos>. <u>Fracturing</u>.] [Cf. F. <i>fracturer</i>.] <def>To cause a fracture or fractures in; to break; to burst asunder; to crack; to separate the continuous parts of; as, to <i>fracture</i> a bone; to <i>fracture</i> the skull.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Fr&aelig;n"u*lum</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Fr&aelig;nula</b></plw> (#). [NL., dim. of L. <i>fraenum</i> a bridle.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>A fr&aelig;num.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Fr&aelig;"num</hw> (?), or <hw>Fre"num</hw> }, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> E. <plw><b>Fr&aelig;nums</b></plw> (#), L. <plw><b>Fr&aelig;na</b></plw> (#). [L., a bridle.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>A connecting fold of membrane serving to support or restrain any part; as, the <i>fr&aelig;num</i> of the tongue.</def></p>

<p><hw>Frag"ile</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>fragilis</i>, from <i>frangere</i> to break; cf. F. <i>fragile</i>. See <u>Break</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>, and cf. <u>Frail</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <def>Easily broken; brittle; frail; delicate; easily destroyed.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The state of ivy is tough, and not <i>fragile</i>.</blockquote> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Brittle; infirm; weak; frail; frangible; slight.</p>

<p>— <wf>Frag"ile*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Fra*gil"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>fragilitas</i>: cf. F. <i>fragilit&eacute;</i>. Cf. <u>Frailty</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The condition or quality of being fragile; brittleness; frangibility.</def> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Weakness; feebleness.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>An appearance of delicacy, and even of <i>fragility</i>, is almost essential to it [beauty].</blockquote> <i>Burke.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Liability to error and sin; frailty.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>fragility</i> and youthful folly of Qu. Fabius.</blockquote> <i>Holland.</i></p>

<p><hw>Frag"ment</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>fragmentum</i>, fr. frangere to break: cf. F. <i>fragment</i>. See <u>Break</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>] <def>A part broken off; a small, detached portion; an imperfect part; as, a <i>fragment</i> of an ancient writing.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Gather up the <i>fragments</i> that remain.</blockquote> <i>John vi. 12.</i></p>

<p><hw>Frag*men"tal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Fragmentary.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Geol.)</i> <def>Consisting of the pulverized or fragmentary material of rock, as conglomerate, shale, etc.</def></p>

<p><hw>Frag*men"tal</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Geol.)</i> <def>A fragmentary rock.</def></p>

<p><hw>Frag"men*ta*ri*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a fragmentary manner; piecemeal.</def></p>

<p><hw>Frag"men*ta*ri*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality or property of being in fragments, or broken pieces; incompleteness; want of continuity.</def> <i>G. Eliot.</i></p>

<p><hw>Frag"men*ta*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>fragmentaire</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Composed of fragments, or broken pieces; disconnected; not complete or entire.</def> <i>Donne.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Geol.)</i> <def>Composed of the fragments of other rocks.</def></p>

<p><hw>Frag"ment*ed</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Broken into fragments.</def></p>

<p><hw>Frag"ment*ist</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A writer of fragments; as, the <i>fragmentist</i> of Wolfenb&uuml;ttel.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>||Fra"gor</hw> (&?;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., a breaking to pieces, fr. <i>frangere</i> to break.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A loud and sudden sound; the report of anything bursting; a crash.</def> <i>I. Watts.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> [Due to confusion with <i>fragrant</i>.] <def>A strong or sweet scent.</def> [Obs. & Illegitimate.] <i>Sir T. Herbert.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Fra"grance</hw> (?), <hw>Fra"gran*cy</hw> (?) }, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>fragrantia</i>: cf. OF. <i>fragrance</i>.] <def>The quality of being fragrant; sweetness of smell; a sweet smell; a pleasing odor; perfume.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Eve separate he spies,<BR> Veiled in a cloud of <i>fragrance</i>.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The goblet crowned,<BR> Breathed aromatic <i>fragrancies</i> around.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fra"grant</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>fragrans</i>. <i>-antis</i>, p. pr. of <i>fragrare</i> to emit a smell of fragrance: cf. OF. <i>fragrant</i>.] <def>Affecting the olfactory nerves agreeably; sweet of smell; odorous; having or emitting an agreeable perfume.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Fragrant</i> the fertile earth<BR> After soft showers.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Sweet-smelling; odorous; odoriferous; sweet- scented; redolent; ambrosial; balmy; spicy; aromatic.</p>

<p>— <wf>Fra"grant*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Fraight</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Fraught</u>.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Frail</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>fraiel</i>, <i>fraile</i>, OF. <i>fraiel</i>, <i>freel</i>, <i>frael</i>, fr. LL. <i>fraellum</i>.] <def>A basket made of rushes, used chiefly for containing figs and raisins.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The quantity of raisins — about thirty- two, fifty-six, or seventy-five pounds, — contained in a frail.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A rush for weaving baskets.</def> <i>Johnson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Frail</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<pos><i>Compar.</i></pos> <u>Frailer</u> (?); <pos><i>superl</i></pos>. <u>Frailest</u>.] [OE. <i>frele</i>, <i>freile</i>, OF. <i>fraile</i>, <i>frele</i>, F. <i>fr&ecirc;le</i>, fr. L. <i>fragilis</i>. See <u>Fragile</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Easily broken; fragile; not firm or durable; liable to fail and perish; easily destroyed; not tenacious of life; weak; infirm.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>That I may know how <i>frail</i> I am.</blockquote> <i>Ps. xxxix. 4.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>An old bent man, worn and <i>frail</i>.</blockquote> <i>Lowell.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Tender.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Deep indignation and compassion.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Liable to fall from virtue or be led into sin; not strong against temptation; weak in resolution; also, unchaste; — often applied to fallen women.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Man is <i>frail</i>, and prone to evil.</blockquote> <i>Jer. Taylor.</i></p>

<p><hw>Frail"ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>Weakly; infirmly.</def></p>

<p><hw>Frail"ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Frailty.</def></p>

<p><hw>Frail"ty</hw> (fr&amacr;l"t&ybreve;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Frailties</b></plw> (-t&ibreve;z). [OE. <i>frelete</i>, <i>freilte</i>, OF. <i>frailet&eacute;</i>, fr. L. <i>fragilitas</i>. See <u>Frail</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>, and cf. <u>Fragility</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The condition or quality of being frail, physically, mentally, or morally; frailness; infirmity; weakness of resolution; liableness to be deceived or seduced.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>God knows our <i>frailty</i>, [and] pities our weakness.</blockquote> <i>Locke.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A fault proceeding from weakness; foible; sin of infirmity.</def></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Frailness; fragility; imperfection; failing.</p>

<p><hw>||Frai"scheur</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF.; F <i>fraicheur</i>, fr. <i>frais</i>, fem. <i>fra&icirc;che</i>, fresh; of German origin. See <u>Frash</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <def>Freshness; coolness.</def> [R.] <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fraise</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Froise</u>.] <def>A large and thick pancake, with slices of bacon in it.</def> [Obs.] <i>Johnson.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Fraise</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>fraise</i>, orig., a ruff, cf. F. <i>frise</i> frieze, E. <i>frieze</i> a coarse stuff.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Fort.)</i> <def>A defense consisting of pointed stakes driven into the ramparts in a horizontal or inclined position.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Mech.)</i> <def>A fluted reamer for enlarging holes in stone; a small milling cutter.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fraise</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <i>(Mil.)</i> <def>To protect, as a line of troops, against an onset of cavalry, by opposing bayonets raised obliquely forward.</def> <i>Wilhelm.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fraised</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Fortified with a fraise.</def></p>

<p><hw>Frak"en</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A freckle.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>A few <i>fraknes</i> in his face.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fram"a*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Capable of being framed.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Fram*b&aelig;"si*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. & NL., fr. F. <i>framboise</i> raspberry.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>The yaws. See <u>Yaws</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Frame</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Framed</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Framing</u>.] [OE. <i>framen</i>, <i>fremen</i>, to execute, build, AS. <i>fremman</i> to further, perform, effect, fr. <i>fram</i> strong, valiant; akin to E. <i>foremost</i>, and prob. to AS. <i>fram</i> from, Icel. <i>fremja</i>, <i>frama</i>, to further, <i>framr</i> forward, G. <i>fromm</i> worthy, excellent, pious. See <u>Foremost</u>, <u>From</u>, and cf. <u>Furnish</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Arch. & Engin.)</i> <def>To construct by fitting and uniting the several parts of the skeleton of any structure; specifically, in woodwork, to put together by cutting parts of one member to fit parts of another. See <u>Dovetail</u>, <u>Halve</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>, <u>Miter</u>, <u>Tenon</u>, <u>Tooth</u>, <u>Tusk</u>, <u>Scarf</u>, and <u>Splice</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To originate; to plan; to devise; to contrive; to compose; in a bad sense, to invent or fabricate, as something false.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>How many excellent reasonings are <i>framed</i> in the mind of a man of wisdom and study in a length of years.</blockquote> <i>I. Watts.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To fit to something else, or for some specific end; to adjust; to regulate; to shape; to conform.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>And <i>frame</i> my face to all occasions.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>We may in some measure <i>frame</i> our minds for the reception of happiness.</blockquote> <i>Landor.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The human mind is <i>framed</i> to be influenced.</blockquote> <i>I. Taylor.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To cause; to bring about; to produce.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Fear <i>frames</i> disorder, and disorder wounds.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>To support.</def> [Obs. & R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>That on a staff his feeble steps did <i>frame</i>.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>To provide with a frame, as a picture.</def></p>

<p><hw>Frame</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To shape; to arrange, as the organs of speech.</def> [Obs.] <i>Judg. xii. 6.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To proceed; to go.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>The bauty of this sinful dame<BR> Made many princes thither <i>frame</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Frame</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Anything composed of parts fitted and united together; a fabric; a structure; esp., the constructional system, whether of timber or metal, that gives to a building, vessel, etc., its model and strength; the skeleton of a structure.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>These are thy glorious works, Parent of good,<BR> Almighty! thine this universal <i>frame</i>.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The bodily structure; physical constitution; make or build of a person.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Some bloody passion shakes your very <i>frame</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>No <i>frames</i> could be strong enough to endure it.</blockquote> <i>Prescott.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A kind of open case or structure made for admitting, inclosing, or supporting things, as that which incloses or contains a window, door, picture, etc.; that on which anything is held or stretched</def>; as: <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The skeleton structure which supports the boiler and machinery of a locomotive upon its wheels.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <i>(Founding)</i> <def>A molding box or flask, which being filled with sand serves as a mold for castings.</def> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <def>The ribs and stretchers of an umbrella or other structure with a fabric covering.</def> <sd><i>(d)</i></sd> <def>A structure of four bars, adjustable in size, on which cloth, etc., is stretched for quilting, embroidery, etc.</def> <sd><i>(e)</i></sd> <i>(Hort.)</i> <def>A glazed portable structure for protecting young plants from frost.</def> <sd><i>(f)</i></sd> <i>(Print.)</i> <def>A stand to support the type cases for use by the compositor.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Mach.)</i> <def>A term applied, especially in England, to certain machines built upon or within framework; as, a stocking <i>frame</i>; lace <i>frame</i>; spinning <i>frame</i>, etc.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>Form; shape; proportion; scheme; structure; constitution; system; as, a <i>frame</i>of government.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>She that hath a heart of that fine <i>frame</i><BR> To pay this debt of love but to a brother.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Put your discourse into some <i>frame</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>Particular state or disposition, as of the mind; humor; temper; mood; as, to be always in a happy <i>frame</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <def>Contrivance; the act of devising or scheming.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>John the bastard<BR> Whose spirits toil in <i>frame</i> of villainies.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Balloon frame</b></col>, <col><b>Cant frames</b></col>, <cd>etc. See under <u>Balloon</u>, <u>Cant</u>, etc.</cd> — <col><b>Frame</b></col> <col><b>building or house</b></col>, <cd>a building of which the form and support is made of framed timbers.</cd> [U.S.] — <col><b>Frame level</b></col>, <cd>a mason's level.</cd> — <col><b>Frame saw</b></col>, <cd>a thin saw stretched in a frame to give it rigidity.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fram"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who frames; as, the <i>framer</i> of a building; the <i>framers</i> of the Constitution.</def></p>

<p><hw>Frame"work`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The work of framing, or the completed work; the frame or constructional part of anything; as, the <i>framework</i> of society.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A staunch and solid piece of <i>framework</i>.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Work done in, or by means of, a frame or loom.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fram"ing</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act, process, or style of putting together a frame, or of constructing anything; a frame; that which frames.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Arch. & Engin.)</i> <def>A framework, or a sy&?; of frames.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Framing chisel</b></col> <i>(Carp.)</i>, <cd>a heavy chisel with a socket shank for making mortises.</cd></p>

<p>{ <hw>Fram"pel</hw> (?), <hw>Fram"poid</hw> (?) }, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Also written <i>frampul</i>, <i>frampled</i>, <i>framfold</i>.] [Cf. W. <i>fframfol</i> passionate, <i>ffrom</i> angry, fretting; or perh. akin to E. <i>frump</i>.] <def>Peevish; cross; vexatious; quarrelsome.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Is Pompey grown so malapert, so <i>frampel</i>?</blockquote> <i>Beau. & Fl.</i></p>

<p><hw>Franc</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., fr. <i>franc</i> a Franc. See <u>Frank</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <def>A silver coin of France, and since 1795 the unit of the French monetary system. It has been adopted by Belgium and Swizerland. It is equivalent to about nineteen cents, or ten pence, and is divided into 100 centimes.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fran"chise</hw> (? or ?; 277), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., fr. <i>franc</i>, fem. <i>franche</i>, free. See <u>Frank</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Exemption from constraint or oppression; freedom; liberty.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(LAw)</i> <def>A particular privilege conferred by grant from a sovereign or a government, and vested in individuals; an immunity or exemption from ordinary jurisdiction; a constitutional or statutory right or privilege, esp. the right to vote.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Election by universal suffrage, as modified by the Constitution, is the one crowning <i>franchise</i> of the American people.</blockquote> <i>W. H. Seward.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>The district or jurisdiction to which a particular privilege extends; the limits of an immunity; hence, an asylum or sanctuary.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Churches and mobasteries in Spain are <i>franchises</i> for criminals.</blockquote> <i>London Encyc.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Magnanimity; generosity; liberality; frankness; nobility.</def> "<i>Franchise</i> in woman." [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Elective franchise</b></col>, <cd>the privilege or right of voting in an election of public officers.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fran"chise</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Franchised</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Franchising</u>.] [Cf. OF. <i>franchir</i> to free, F., to cross.] <def>To make free; to enfranchise; to give liberty to.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fran"chise*ment</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. OF. <i>franchissement</i>.] <def>Release; deliverance; freedom.</def> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fran"cic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See <u>Frank</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <def>Pertaining to the Franks, or their language; Frankish.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fran*cis"can</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [LL. <i>Franciscus</i> Francis: cf. F. <i>franciscain</i>.] <i>(R. C. Ch.)</i> <def>Belonging to the Order of St. Francis of the Franciscans.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Franciscan Brothers</b></col>, <cd>pious laymen who devote themselves to useful works, such as manual labor schools, and other educational institutions; — called also <i>Brothers of the Third Order of St. Francis</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Franciscan Nuns</b></col>, <cd>nuns who follow the rule of St. Francis, esp. those of the Second Order of St. Francis, — called also <i>Poor Clares</i> or <i>Minoresses</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Franciscan Tertiaries</b></col>, <cd>the Third Order of St. Francis.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fran*cis"can</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(R.C.Ch.)</i> <def>A monk or friar of the Order of St. Francis, a large and zealous order of mendicant monks founded in 1209 by St. Francis of Assisi. They are called also <i>Friars Minor</i>; and in England, <i>Gray Friars</i>, because they wear a gray habit.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fran"co*lin</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F.; cf. It. <i>francolino</i>, Sp. <i>francolin</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A spurred partidge of the genus <i>Francolinus</i> and allied genera, of Asia and Africa. The common species (<i>F. vulgaris</i>) was formerly common in southern Europe, but is now nearly restricted to Asia.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fran"co*lite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Min.)</i> <def>A variety of apatite from Wheal <i>Franco</i> in Devonshire.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fran"gent</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>frangens</i>, p. pr. of <i>frangere</i>. See <u>Fraction</u>.] <def>Causing fracture; breaking.</def> [R.] <i>H. Walpole.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fran`gi*bil"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>frangibilit&eacute;</i>.] <def>The state or quality of being frangible.</def> <i>Fox.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fran"gi*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>frangible</i>.] <def>Capable of being broken; brittle; fragile; easily broken.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Fran"gi*pane</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>frangipane</i>; supposed to be called so from the inventor, the Marquis <i>Frangipani</i>, major general under Louis XIV.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A perfume of jasmine; frangipani.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A species of pastry, containing cream and almonds.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Fran`gi*pan"i</hw> (?), <hw>Fran`gi*pan"ni</hw> (?) }, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Another spelling of <i>frangipane</i>.] <def>A perfume derived from, or imitating the odor of, the flower of the red jasmine, a West Indian tree of the genus <i>Plumeria</i>.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Fran*gu"lic</hw> (?), <hw>Fran`gu*lin"ic</hw> (?) }, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Pertaining to, or drived from, frangulin, or a species (<i>Rhamnus Frangula</i>) of the buckthorn.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Frangulinic acid</b></col> <i>(Chem.)</i>, <cd>a yellow crystalline substance, resembling alizarin, and obtained by the decomposition of frangulin.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fran"gu*lin</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A yellow crystalline dyestuff, regarded as a glucoside, extracted from a species (<i>Rhamnus Frangula</i>) of the buckthorn; — called also <i>rhamnoxanthin</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fran"ion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Perh. from F. <i>fain&eacute;ant</i> an idler.] <def>A paramour; a loose woman; also, a gay, idle fellow.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Frank</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>franc</i>.] <def>A pigsty.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Frank</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To shut up in a frank or sty; to pen up; hence, to cram; to fatten.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Frank</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The common heron; — so called from its note.</def> [Prov. Eng.]</p>

<p><! p. 593 !></p>

<p><hw>Frank</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<pos><i>Compar</i></pos> <u>Franker</u> (?); <pos><i>superl.</i></pos> <u>Frankest</u>.] [F. <i>franc</i> free, frank, L. <i>Francus</i> a Frank, fr. OHG. <i>Franko</i> the name of a Germanic people on the Rhine, who afterward founded the French monarchy; cf. AS. <i>franca</i> javelin, Icel. <i>frakka</i>. Cf. <u>Franc</u>, <u>French</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>, <u>Franchise</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Unbounded by restrictions, limitations, etc.; free.</def> [R.] "It is of <i>frank</i> gift." <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Free in uttering one's real sentiments; not reserved; using no disguise; candid; ingenuous; as, a <i>frank</i> nature, conversation, manner, etc.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Liberal; generous; profuse.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote><i>Frank</i> of civilities that cost them nothing.</blockquote> <i>L'Estrange.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Unrestrained; loose; licentious; — used in a bad sense.</def> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Ingenuous; candid; artless; plain; open; unreserved; undisguised; sincere. See <u>Candid</u>, <u>Ingenuous</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Frank</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Franked</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Franking</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To send by public conveyance free of expense.</def> <i>Dickens.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To extempt from charge for postage, as a letter, package, or packet, etc.</def></p>

<p><hw>Frank</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Frank</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <def>The privilege of sending letters or other mail matter, free of postage, or without charge; also, the sign, mark, or signature denoting that a letter or other mail matter is to free of postage.</def> </p>

<p><blockquote>I have said so much, that, if I had not a <i>frank</i>, I must burn my letter and begin again.</blockquote> <i>Cowper.</i></p>

<p><hw>Frank</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>franc</i>. See <u>Frank</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Ethnol.)</i> <def>A member of one of the German tribes that in the fifth century overran and conquered Gaul, and established the kingdom of France.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A native or inhabitant of Western Europe; a European; — a term used in the Levant.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A French coin. See <u>Franc</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Frank`al*moigne"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>franc</i> free + Norm. F. <i>almoigne</i> alma, for <i>almosne</i>, F. <i>aum&ocirc;ne</i>. See <u>Frank</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>, and <u>Almoner</u>.] <i>(Eng. Law)</i> <def>A tenure by which a religious corporation holds lands given to them and their successors forever, usually on condition of praying for the soul of the donor and his heirs; — called also <i>tenure by free alms</i>.</def> <i>Burrill.</i></p>

<p><hw>Frank"-chase`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Frank</i> free + <i>chase</i>.] <i>(Eng. Law)</i> <def>The liberty or franchise of having a chase; free chase.</def> <i>Burrill.</i></p>

<p><hw>Frank"-fee`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Frank</i> free + <i>fee</i>.] <i>(Eng. Law)</i> <def>A species of tenure in fee simple, being the opposite of ancient demesne, or copyhold.</def> <i>Burrill.</i></p>

<p><hw>Frank"fort black`</hw> (?). <def>A black pigment used in copperplate printing, prepared by burning vine twigs, the lees of wine, etc.</def> <i>McElrath.</i></p>

<p><hw>Frank"in*cense</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>franc</i> free, pure + <i>encens</i> incense.] <def>A fragrant, aromatic resin, or gum resin, burned as an incense in religious rites or for medicinal fumigation. The best kinds now come from East Indian trees, of the genus <i>Boswellia</i>; a commoner sort, from the Norway spruce (<i>Abies excelsa</i>) and other coniferous trees. The frankincense of the ancient Jews is still unidentified.</def></p>

<p><hw>Frank"ing</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Carp.)</i> <def>A method of forming a joint at the intersection of window-sash bars, by cutting away only enough wood to show a miter.</def></p>

<p><hw>Frank"ish</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Like, or pertaining to, the Franks.</def></p>

<p><hw>Frank"-law`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Frank</i> free + <i>law</i>.] <i>(Eng. Law)</i> <def>The liberty of being sworn in courts, as a juror or witness; one of the ancient privileges of a freeman; free and common law; — an obsolete expression signifying substantially the same as the American expression <i>civil rights</i>.</def> <i>Abbot.</i></p>

<p><hw>Frank"lin</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>frankelein</i>; cf. LL. <i>franchilanus</i>. See <u>Frank</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <def>An English freeholder, or substantial householder.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>franklin</i>, a small landholder of those days.</blockquote> <i>Sir J. Stephen.</i></p>

<p><hw>Frank*lin"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to Benjamin Franklin.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Franklinic electricity</b></col>, <cd>electricity produced by friction; called also <i>statical electricity</i>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Frank"lin*ite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Min.)</i> <def>A kind of mineral of the spinel group.</def></p>

<p><hw>Frank"lin stove`</hw> (?). <def>A kind of open stove introduced by Benjamin <i>Franklin</i>, the peculiar feature of which was that a current of heated air was directly supplied to the room from an air box; — now applied to other varieties of open stoves.</def></p>

<p><hw>Frank"ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a frank manner; freely.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Very <i>frankly</i> he confessed his treasons.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Openly; ingenuously; plainly; unreservedly; undisguisedly; sincerely; candidly; artlessly; freely; readily; unhesitatingly; liberally; willingly.</p>

<p><hw>Frank"-mar"riage</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Frank</i> free + <i>marriage</i>.] <i>(Eng. Law)</i> <def>A certain tenure in tail special; an estate of inheritance given to a man his wife (the wife being of the blood of the donor), and descendible to the heirs of their two bodies begotten.</def> [Obs.] <i>Blackstone.</i></p>

<p><hw>Frank"ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality of being frank; candor; openess; ingenuousness; fairness; liberality.</def></p>

<p><hw>Frank"pledge`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Frank</i> free + <i>pledge</i>.] <i>(O. Eng. Law)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A pledge or surety for the good behavior of freemen, — each freeman who was a member of an ancient decennary, tithing, or friborg, in England, being a pledge for the good conduct of the others, for the preservation of the public peace; a free surety.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The tithing itself.</def> <i>Bouvier.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The servants of the crown were not, as now, bound in <i>frankpledge</i> for each other.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fran"tic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [OE. <i>frentik</i>, <i>frenetik</i>, F. <i>frentique</i>, L. <i>phreneticus</i>, from Gr. &?;. See <u>Frenzy</u>, and cf. <u>Frenetic</u>, <u>Phrenetic</u>.] <def>Mad; raving; furious; violent; wild and disorderly; distracted.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Die, <i>frantic</i> wretch, for this accursed deed!</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Torrents of <i>frantic</i> abuse.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p>— <wf>Fran"tic*al*ly</wf> (#), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Fran"tic*ly</wf> (#), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p>— <wf>Fran"tic*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>Johnson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Frap</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Frapped</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Frapping</u>.] [Cf. F. <i>frapper</i> to strike, to seize ropes. Cf. <u>Affrap</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>To draw together; to bind with a view to secure and strengthen, as a vessel by passing cables around it; to tighten; as a tackle by drawing the lines together.</def> <i>Tottem.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To brace by drawing together, as the cords of a drum.</def> <i>Knoght.</i></p>

<p><hw>Frape</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. <i>frap</i>, and Prov. E. <i>frape</i> to scold.] <def>A crowd, a rabble.</def> [Obs.] <i>ares.</i></p>

<p><hw>Frap"ler</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A blusterer; a rowdy.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Unpolished, a <i>frapler</i>, and base.</blockquote> <i>B. Jonson.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Fra"ter</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., a brother.] <i>(Eccl.)</i> <def>A monk; also, a frater house.</def> [R.] <i>Shipley.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Frater house</b></col>, <cd>an apartament in a convent used as an eating room; a refectory; — called also a <i>fratery</i>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fra*ter"nal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos>[F. <i>fraternel</i>, LL. <i>fraternalis</i>, fr. L. <i>fraternus</i>, fr. <i>frater</i> brother. See <u>Brother</u>.] <def>Of, pertaining to, or involving, brethren; becoming to brothers; brotherly; as, <i>fraternal</i> affection; a <i>fraternal</i> embrace.</def> — <wf>Fra*ter"nal*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><blockquote>An abhorred, a cursed, a <i>fraternal</i> war.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Fraternal</i> love and friendship.</blockquote> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fra*ter"nate</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To fraternize; to hold fellowship.</def> <i>Jefferson.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Fra`ter*na"tion</hw> (?), <hw>Fra"ter*nism</hw> (?) }, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Fraternization.</def> [R.] <i>Jefferson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fra*ter"ni*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Fraternities</b></plw> (#). [F. <i>fraternit&eacute;</i>, L. <i>fraternitas</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The state or quality of being fraternal or brotherly; brotherhood.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A body of men associated for their common interest, business, or pleasure; a company; a brotherhood; a society; in the Roman Catholic Church, an association for special religious purposes, for relieving the sick and destitute, etc.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Men of the same class, profession, occupation, character, or tastes.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>With what terms of respect knaves and sots will speak of their own <i>fraternity</i>!</blockquote> <i>South.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fra`ter*ni*za"tion</hw> (? or ?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The act of fraternizing or uniting as brothers.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I hope that no French <i>fraternization</i> . . . could so change the hearts of Englishmen.</blockquote> <i>Burke.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fra"ter*nize</hw> (? or ?; 277), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Fraternized</u> (#); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos>. <u>Fraternizing</u> (#).] [Cf. F. <i>fraterniser</i>.] <def>To associate or hold fellowship as brothers, or as men of like occupation or character; to have brotherly feelings.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fra"ter*nize</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To bring into fellowship or brotherly sympathy.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Correspondence for <i>fraternizing</i> the two nations.</blockquote> <i>Burke.</i></p>

<p><hw>Frat"er*ni`zer</hw> (?; 277), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who fraternizes.</def> <i>Burke.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fra"ter*y</hw> (? or ?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>frater</i> brother: cf. It. <i>frateria</i> a brotherhood of monks. See <u>Friar</u>.] <def>A frater house. See under <u>Frater</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fra"trage</hw> (? or ?; 48), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>frater</i> a brother.] <i>(Law)</i> <def>A sharing among brothers, or brothers' kin.</def> [Obs.] <i>Crabb.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Fra`tri*cel"li</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [It. <i>fraticelli</i>, lit., little brothers, dim. fr. <i>frate</i> brother, L. <i>frater</i>.] <i>(Eccl. Hist.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The name which St. Francis of Assisi gave to his followers, early in the 13th century.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A sect which seceded from the Franciscan Order, chiefly in Italy and Sicily, in 1294, repudiating the pope as an apostate, maintaining the duty of celibacy and poverty, and discountenancing oaths. Called also <i>Fratricellians</i> and <i>Fraticelli</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Frat"ri*ci`dal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to fratricide; of the nature of fratricide.</def></p>

<p><hw>Frat"ri*cide</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>fratricidium</i> a brother's murder, fr. <i>fratricida</i> a brother's murderer; <i>frater</i>, <i>fratris</i>, brother + <i>caedere</i> to kill: cf. F. <i>fratricide</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of one who murders or kills his own brother.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> [L. <i>fratricida</i>: cf. F. <i>fratricide</i>.] <def>One who murders or kills his own brother.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fraud</hw> (fr&add;d), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>fraude</i>, L. <i>fraus</i>, <i>fraudis</i>; prob. akin to Skr. <i>dh&umacr;rv</i> to injure, <i>dhv&rsdot;</i> to cause to fall, and E. <i>dull</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Deception deliberately practiced with a view to gaining an unlawful or unfair advantage; artifice by which the right or interest of another is injured; injurious stratagem; deceit; trick.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>If success a lover's toil attends,<BR> Few ask, if <i>fraud</i> or force attained his ends.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Law)</i> <def>An intentional perversion of truth for the purpose of obtaining some valuable thing or promise from another.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A trap or snare.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>To draw the proud King Ahab into <i>fraud</i>.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Constructive fraud</b></col> <i>(Law)</i>, <cd>an act, statement, or omission which operates as a fraud, although perhaps not intended to be such.</cd> <i>Mozley & W.</i> — <col><b>Pious fraud</b></col> <i>(Ch. Hist.)</i>, <cd>a fraud contrived and executed to benefit the church or accomplish some good end, upon the theory that the end justified the means.</cd> — <col><b>Statute of frauds</b></col> <i>(Law)</i>, <cd>an English statute (1676), the principle of which is incorporated in the legislation of all the States of this country, by which writing with specific solemnities (varying in the several statutes) is required to give efficacy to certain dispositions of property.</cd> <i>Wharton.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Deception; deceit; guile; craft; wile; sham; strife; circumvention; stratagem; trick; imposition; cheat. See <u>Deception</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Fraud"ful</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Full of fraud, deceit, or treachery; trickish; treacherous; fraudulent; — applied to persons or things.</def> <i>I. Taylor.</i></p>

<p>— <wf>Fraud"ful*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Fraud"less</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Free from fraud.</def> — <wf>Fraud"less*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Fraud"less*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p>{ <hw>Fraud"u*lence</hw> (?; 135), <hw>Fraud"u*len*cy</hw> (?) }, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>fraudulentia</i>.] <def>The quality of being fraudulent; deliberate deceit; trickishness.</def> <i>Hooker.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fraud"u*lent</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>fraudulentus</i>, fr. <i>fraus</i>, <i>fraudis</i>, fraud: cf. F. <i>fraudulent</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Using fraud; tricky; deceitful; dishonest.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Characterized by, founded on, or proceeding from, fraud; as, a <i>fraudulent</i> bargain.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He, with serpent tongue, . . . <BR> His <i>fraudulent</i> temptation thus began.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Obtained or performed by artifice; as, <i>fraudulent</i> conquest.</def> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Deceitful; fraudful; guileful; crafty; wily; cunning; subtle; deceiving; cheating; deceptive; insidious; treacherous; dishonest; designing; unfair.</p>

<p><hw>Fraud"u*lent*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a fraudulent manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fraught</hw> (fr&add;t), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>fraight</i>, <i>fraght</i>; akin to Dan. <i>fragt</i>, Sw. <i>frakt</i>, D. <i>vracht</i>, G. <i>fracht</i>, cf. OHG. <i>fr&emacr;ht</i> merit, reward; perh. from a pref. corresponding to E. <i>for</i> + The root of E. <i>own</i>. Cf. <u>Freight</u>.] <def>A freight; a cargo.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fraught</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Freighted; laden; filled; stored; charged.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A vessel of our country richly <i>fraught</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>A discourse <i>fraught</i> with all the commending excellences of speech.</blockquote> <i>South.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Enterprises <i>fraught</i> with world-wide benefits.</blockquote> <i>I. Taylor.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fraught</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Fraughted</u> or <u>Fraught</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Fraughting</u>.] [Akin to Dan. <i>fragte</i>, Sw. <i>frakta</i>, D. <i>bevrachten</i>, G. <i>frachten</i>, cf. OHG. <i>fr&emacr;ht&omacr;n</i> to deserve. See <u>Fraught</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <def>To freight; to load; to burden; to fill; to crowd.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Upon the tumbling billows <i>fraughted</i> ride<BR> The armed ships.</blockquote> <i>Fairfax.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fraught"age</hw> (?; 48), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Freight; loading; cargo.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fraught"ing</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Constituting the freight or cargo.</def> [Obs.] "The <i>fraughting</i> souls within her." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fraun"ho*fer lines`</hw> (?). <i>(Physics.)</i> <def>The lines of the spectrum; especially and properly, the dark lines of the solar spectrum, so called because first accurately observed and interpreted by <i>Fraunhofer</i>, a German physicist.</def></p>

<p><hw>Frax"in</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From <u>Fraxinus</u>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A colorless crystalline substance, regarded as a glucoside, and found in the bark of the ash (<i>Fraxinus</i>) and along with esculin in the bark of the horse-chestnut. It shows a delicate fluorescence in alkaline solutions; — called also <i>paviin</i>.</def><BR> </p>

<p><hw>||Frax"i*nus</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., the ash tree.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A genus of deciduous forest trees, found in the north temperate zone, and including the true ash trees.</def></p>

<p>&fist; <i>Fraxinus excelsior</i> is the European ash; <i>F. Americana</i>, the white ash; <i>F. sambucifolia</i>, the black ash or water ash.</p>

<p><hw>Fray</hw> (fr&amacr;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Abbreviated from <i>affray</i>.] <def>Affray; broil; contest; combat.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Who began this bloody <i>fray</i>?</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fray</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Frayed</u> (fr&amacr;d); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Fraying</u>.] [See 1st <u>Fray</u>, and cf. <u>Affray</u>.] <def>To frighten; to terrify; to alarm.</def> <i>I. Taylor.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>What <i>frays</i> ye, that were wont to comfort me affrayed?</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fray</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [Cf. OF. <i>fraier</i>. See <u>Defray</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>] <def>To bear the expense of; to defray.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>The charge of my most curious and costly ingredients <i>frayed</i>, I shall acknowledge myself amply satisfied.</blockquote> <i>Massinger.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fray</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [OF. <i>freier</i>, <i>fraier</i>, <i>froier</i>, to rub. L. <i>fricare</i>; cf. <i>friare</i> to crumble, E. <i>friable</i>; perh. akin to Gr. <grk>chri`ein</grk> to anoint, <grk>chri^sma</grk> an anointing, Skr. <i>gh&rsdot;sh</i> to rub, scratch. Cf. <u>Friction</u>.] <def>To rub; to wear off, or wear into shreds, by rubbing; to fret, as cloth; as, a deer is said to <i>fray</i> her head.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fray</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To rub.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>We can show the marks he made<BR> When 'gainst the oak his antlers <i>frayed</i>.</blockquote> <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To wear out or into shreads, or to suffer injury by rubbing, as when the threads of the warp or of the woof wear off so that the cross threads are loose; to ravel; as, the cloth <i>frays</i> badly.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A suit of <i>frayed</i> magnificience.</blockquote> <i>tennyson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fray</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A fret or chafe, as in cloth; a place injured by rubbing.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fray"ing</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The skin which a deer frays from his horns.</def> <i>B. Jonson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Freak</hw> (fr&emacr;k), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Freaked</u> (fr&emacr;kt); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Freaking</u>.] [Akin to OE. <i>frakin</i>, <i>freken</i>, freckle, Icel. <i>freknur</i>, pl., Sw. <i>fr&auml;kne</i>, Dan. <i>fregne</i>, Gr. <grk>perkno`s</grk> dark- colored, Skr. <i>p&rsdot;&ccedil;ni</i> variegated. Cf. <u>Freckle</u>, <u>Freck</u>.] <def>To variegate; to checker; to streak.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote><i>Freaked</i> with many a mingled hue.</blockquote> <i>Thomson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Freak</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Prob. from OE. <i>frek</i> bold, AS. <i>frec</i> bold, greedly; akin to OHG. <i>freh</i> greedly, G. <i>frech</i> insolent, Icel. <i>frekr</i> greedy, Goth. <i>fa&iacute;hufriks</i> avaricious.] <def>A sudden causeless change or turn of the mind; a whim of fancy; a capricious prank; a vagary or caprice.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>She is restless and peevish, and sometimes in a <i>freak</i> will instantly change her habitation.</blockquote> <i>Spectator.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Whim; caprice; folly; sport. See <u>Whim</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Freak"ing</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Freakish.</def> [Obs.] <i>Pepys.</i></p>

<p><hw>Freak"ish</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Apt to change the mind suddenly; whimsical; capricious.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>It may be a question whether the wife or the woman was the more <i>freakish</i> of the two.</blockquote> <i>L'Estrange.</i></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Freakish</i> when well, and fretful when she's sick.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p>— <wf>Freak"ish*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Freak"ish*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Freck</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [Cf. <u>Freak</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>, <u>Freckle</u>.] <def>To checker; to diversify.</def> [R. & Poet.]</p>

<p><blockquote>The painted windows, <i>frecking</i> gloom with glow.</blockquote> <i>Lowell.</i></p>

<p><hw>Freck"le</hw> (fr&ebreve;k"k'l), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Dim., from the same root as <i>freak</i>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A small yellowish or brownish spot in the skin, particularly on the face, neck, or hands.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Any small spot or discoloration.</def></p>

<p><hw>Frec"kle</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Freckled</u> (-k'ld); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Freckling</u> (-kl&ibreve;ng).] <def>To sprinkle or mark with freckles or small discolored spots; to spot.</def></p>

<p><! p. 594 !></p>

<p><hw>Frec"kle</hw> (fr&ebreve;k"k'l), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To become covered or marked with freckles; to be spotted.</def></p>

<p><hw>Frec"kled</hw> (fr&ebreve;k"k'ld), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Marked with freckles; spotted.</def> "The <i>freckled</i> trout." <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>freckled</i> cowslip, burnet, and green clover.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Frec"kled*ness</hw> (-k'ld*n&ebreve;s), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The state of being freckled.</def></p>

<p><hw>Frec"kly</hw> (-kl&ybreve;), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Full of or marked with freckles; sprinkled with spots; freckled.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fred</hw> (fr&ebreve;d), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>fri&eth;</i> peace. See <u>Frith</u> inclosure.] <def>Peace; — a word used in composition, especially in proper names; as, Al<i>fred</i>; <i>Fred</i>eric.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fred"stole`</hw> (-st&omacr;l`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Obs.] <def>See <u>Fridstol</u>.</def> <i>Fuller.</i></p>

<p><hw>Free</hw> (fr&emacr;), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<pos><i>Compar.</i></pos> <u>Freer</u> (-&etilde;r); <pos><i>superl.</i></pos> <u>Freest</u> (-&ebreve;st).] [OE. <i>fre</i>, <i>freo</i>, AS. <i>fre&oacute;</i>, <i>fr&imacr;</i>; akin to D. <i>vrij</i>, OS. & OHG. <i>fr&imacr;</i>, G. <i>frei</i>, Icel. <i>fr&imacr;</i>, Sw. & Dan. <i>fri</i>, Goth. <i>freis</i>, and also to Skr. <i>prija</i> beloved, dear, fr. <i>pr&imacr;</i> to love, Goth. <i>frij&omacr;n</i>. Cf. <u>Affray</u>, <u>Belfry</u>, <u>Friday</u>, <u>Friend</u>, <u>Frith</u> inclosure.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Exempt from subjection to the will of others; not under restraint, control, or compulsion; able to follow one's own impulses, desires, or inclinations; determining one's own course of action; not dependent; at liberty.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>That which has the power, or not the power, to operate, is that alone which is or is not <i>free</i>.</blockquote> <i>Locke.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Not under an arbitrary or despotic government; subject only to fixed laws regularly and fairly administered, and defended by them from encroachments upon natural or acquired rights; enjoying political liberty.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Liberated, by arriving at a certain age, from the control of parents, guardian, or master.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Not confined or imprisoned; released from arrest; liberated; at liberty to go.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Set an unhappy prisoner <i>free</i>.</blockquote> <i>Prior.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>Not subjected to the laws of physical necessity; capable of voluntary activity; endowed with moral liberty; — said of the will.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Not <i>free</i>, what proof could they have given sincere<BR> Of true allegiance, constant faith, or love.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>Clear of offense or crime; guiltless; innocent.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>My hands are guilty, but my heart is <i>free</i>.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <def>Unconstrained by timidity or distrust; unreserved; ingenuous; frank; familiar; communicative.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He was <i>free</i> only with a few.</blockquote> <i>Milward.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>8.</b></sn> <def>Unrestrained; immoderate; lavish; licentious; — used in a bad sense.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The critics have been very <i>free</i> in their censures.</blockquote> <i>Felton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>A man may live a <i>free</i> life as to wine or women.</blockquote> <i>Shelley.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>9.</b></sn> <def>Not close or parsimonious; liberal; open- handed; lavish; as, <i>free</i> with his money.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>10.</b></sn> <def>Exempt; clear; released; liberated; not encumbered or troubled with; as, <i>free</i> from pain; <i>free</i> from a burden; — followed by <i>from</i>, or, rarely, by <i>of</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Princes declaring themselves <i>free</i> from the obligations of their treaties.</blockquote> <i>Bp. Burnet.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>11.</b></sn> <def>Characteristic of one acting without restraint; charming; easy.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>12.</b></sn> <def>Ready; eager; acting without spurring or whipping; spirited; as, a <i>free</i> horse.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>13.</b></sn> <def>Invested with a particular freedom or franchise; enjoying certain immunities or privileges; admitted to special rights; — followed by <i>of</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He therefore makes all birds, of every sect,<BR> <i>Free</i> of his farm.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>14.</b></sn> <def>Thrown open, or made accessible, to all; to be enjoyed without limitations; unrestricted; not obstructed, engrossed, or appropriated; open; — said of a thing to be possessed or enjoyed; as, a <i>free</i> school.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Why, sir, I pray, are not the streets as <i>free</i><BR> For me as for you?</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>15.</b></sn> <def>Not gained by importunity or purchase; gratuitous; spontaneous; as, <i>free</i> admission; a <i>free</i> gift.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>16.</b></sn> <def>Not arbitrary or despotic; assuring liberty; defending individual rights against encroachment by any person or class; instituted by a free people; — said of a government, institutions, etc.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>17.</b></sn> <i>(O. Eng. Law)</i> <def>Certain or honorable; the opposite of <i>base</i>; as, <i>free</i> service; <i>free</i> socage.</def> <i>Burrill.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>18.</b></sn> <i>(Law)</i> <def>Privileged or individual; the opposite of <i>common</i>; as, a <i>free</i> fishery; a <i>free</i> warren.</def> <i>Burrill.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>19.</b></sn> <def>Not united or combined with anything else; separated; dissevered; unattached; at liberty to escape; as, <i>free</i> carbonic acid gas; <i>free</i> cells.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Free agency</b></col>, <cd>the capacity or power of choosing or acting freely, or without necessity or constraint upon the will.</cd> — <col><b>Free bench</b></col> <i>(Eng. Law)</i>, <cd>a widow's right in the copyhold lands of her husband, corresponding to <i>dower</i> in freeholds.</cd> — <col><b>Free board</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>a vessel's side between water line and gunwale.</cd> — <col><b>Free bond</b></col> <i>(Chem.)</i>, <cd>an unsaturated or unemployed unit, or bond, of affinity or valence, of an atom or radical.</cd> — <col><b>Free-borough men</b></col> <i>(O.Eng. Law)</i>. <cd>See <u>Friborg</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Free chapel</b></col> <i>(Eccles.)</i>, <cd>a chapel not subject to the jurisdiction of the ordinary, having been founded by the king or by a subject specially authorized.</cd> [Eng.] <i>Bouvier.</i> — <col><b>Free charge</b></col> <i>(Elec.)</i>, <cd>a charge of electricity in the free or statical condition; free electricity.</cd> — <col><b>Free church</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>A church whose sittings are for all and without charge.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>An ecclesiastical body that left the Church of Scotland, in 1843, to be free from control by the government in spiritual matters.</cd> — <col><b>Free city</b></col>, or <col><b>Free town</b></col>, <cd>a city or town independent in its government and franchises, as formerly those of the Hanseatic league.</cd> — <col><b>Free cost</b></col>, <cd>freedom from charges or expenses.</cd> <i>South.</i> — <col><b>Free and easy</b></col>, <cd>unconventional; unrestrained; regardless of formalities.</cd> [Colloq.] "Sal and her <i>free and easy</i> ways." <i>W. Black.</i> — <col><b>Free goods</b></col>, <cd>goods admitted into a country free of duty.</cd> — <col><b>Free labor</b></col>, <cd>the labor of freemen, as distinguished from that of slaves.</cd> — <col><b>Free port</b></col>. <i>(Com.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>A port where goods may be received and shipped free of custom duty.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>A port where goods of all kinds are received from ships of all nations at equal rates of duty.</cd> — <col><b>Free public house</b></col>, <cd>in England, a tavern not belonging to a brewer, so that the landlord is free to brew his own beer or purchase where he chooses.</cd> <i>Simmonds.</i> — <col><b>Free school</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>A school to which pupils are admitted without discrimination and on an equal footing.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>A school supported by general taxation, by endowmants, etc., where pupils pay nothing for tuition; a public school.</cd> — <col><b>Free services</b></col> <i>(O.Eng. Law)</i>, <cd>such feudal services as were not unbecoming the character of a soldier or a freemen to perform; as, to serve under his lord in war, to pay a sum of money, etc.</cd> <i>Burrill.</i> — <col><b>Free ships</b></col>, <cd>ships of neutral nations, which in time of war are free from capture even though carrying enemy's goods.</cd> — <col><b>Free socage</b></col> <i>(O.Eng. Law)</i>, <cd>a feudal tenure held by certain services which, though honorable, were not military.</cd> <i>Abbott.</i> — <col><b>Free States</b></col>, <cd>those of the United States before the Civil War, in which slavery had ceased to exist, or had never existed.</cd> — <col><b>Free stuff</b></col> <i>(Carp.)</i>, <cd>timber free from knots; clear stuff.</cd> — <col><b>Free thought</b></col>, <cd>that which is thought independently of the authority of others.</cd> — <col><b>Free trade</b></col>, <cd>commerce unrestricted by duties or tariff regulations.</cd> — <col><b>Free trader</b></col>, <cd>one who believes in free trade.</cd> — <col><b>To make free with</b></col>, <cd>to take liberties with; to help one's self to.</cd> [Colloq.] — <col><b>To sail free</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>to sail with the yards not braced in as sharp as when sailing closehauled, or close to the wind.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Free</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Freely; willingly.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>I as <i>free</i> forgive you<BR> As I would be forgiven.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Without charge; as, children admitted <i>free</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Free</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Freed</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Freeing</u>.] [OE. <i>freen</i>, <i>freoien</i>, AS. <i>fre&oacute;gan</i>. See <u>Free</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To make free; to set at liberty; to rid of that which confines, limits, embarrasses, oppresses, etc.; to release; to disengage; to clear; — followed by <i>from</i>, and sometimes by <i>off</i>; as, to <i>free</i> a captive or a slave; to be <i>freed</i> of these inconveniences.</def> <i>Clarendon.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Our land is from the rage of tigers <i>freed</i>.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Arise, . . . <i>free</i> thy people from their yoke.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To remove, as something that confines or bars; to relieve from the constraint of.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>This master key<BR> <i>Frees</i> every lock, and leads us to his person.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To frank.</def> [Obs.] <i>Johnson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Free"boot`er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [D. <i>vrijbuiter</i>, fr. <i>vrijbuiten</i> to plunder; <i>vrij</i> free + <i>buit</i> booty, akin to E. <i>booty</i>. See <u>Free</u>, and <u>Booty</u>, and cf. <u>Filibuster</u>.] <def>One who plunders or pillages without the authority of national warfare; a member of a predatory band; a pillager; a buccaneer; a sea robber.</def> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><hw>Free"boot`er*y</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The act, practice, or gains of a freebooter; freebooting.</def> <i>Booth.</i></p>

<p><hw>Free"boot`ing</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Robbery; plunder; a pillaging.</def></p>

<p><hw>Free"boot`ing</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Acting the freebooter; practicing freebootery; robbing.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Your <i>freebooting</i> acquaintance.</blockquote> <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><hw>Free"boot`y</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Freebootery.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Free"born`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Born free; not born in vassalage; inheriting freedom.</def></p>

<p><hw>Free"-den`i*zen</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To make free.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Freed"man</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Freedmen</b></plw> (&?;). <def>A man who has been a slave, and has been set free.</def></p>

<p><hw>Free"dom</hw> (fr&emacr;"d&ubreve;m), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>fre&oacute;d&omacr;m</i>; <i>fre&oacute;</i>free + <i>- dom</i>. See <u>Free</u>, and <u>-dom</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The state of being free; exemption from the power and control of another; liberty; independence.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Made captive, yet deserving <i>freedom</i> more.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Privileges; franchises; immunities.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Your charter and your caty's <i>freedom</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Exemption from necessity, in choise and action; as, the <i>freedom</i> of the will.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Ease; facility; as, he speaks or acts with <i>freedom</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>Frankness; openness; unreservedness.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I emboldened spake and <i>freedom</i> used.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>Improper familiarity; violation of the rules of decorum; license.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <def>Generosity; liberality.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Freedom fine</b></col>, <cd>a sum paid on entry to incorporations of trades.</cd> — <col><b>Freedom of the city</b></col>, <cd>the possession of the rights and privileges of a freeman of the city; formerly often, and now occasionally, conferred on one not a resident, as a mark of honorary distinction for public services.</cd></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — See <u>Liberty</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Freed"stool`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Obs.] <def>See <u>Fridstol</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Free"-hand`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Done by the hand, without support, or the guidance of instruments; as, <i>free- hand</i> drawing. See under <u>Drawing</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Free"-hand`ed</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Open-handed; liberal.</def></p>

<p><hw>Free"-heart`ed</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Open; frank; unreserved; liberal; generous; as, <i>free-hearted</i> mirth.</def> — <wf>Free"-heart`ed*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Free"-heart`ed*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Free"hold`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(LAw)</i> <def>An estate in real property, of inheritance (in fee simple or fee tail) or for life; or the tenure by which such estate is held.</def> <i>Kent. Burrill.</i></p>

<p><col><b>To abate into a freehold</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Abate</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Free"hold`er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Law)</i> <def>The possessor of a freehold.</def></p>

<p><hw>Free"-liv`er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who gratifies his appetites without stint; one given to indulgence in eating and drinking.</def></p>

<p><hw>Free"-liv`ing</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Unrestrained indulgence of the appetites.</def></p>

<p><hw>Free"-love`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The doctrine or practice of consorting with the opposite sex, at pleasure, without marriage.</def></p>

<p><hw>Free"-lov`er</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who believes in or practices free-love.</def></p>

<p><hw>Freel"te</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Frailty.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Free"ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> [AS. <i>fre&oacute;lice</i>.] <def>In a free manner; without restraint or compulsion; abundantly; gratuitously.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Of every tree of the garden thou mayst <i>freely</i> eat.</blockquote> <i>Gen. ii. 16.</i></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Freely</i> ye have received, <i>freely</i> give.</blockquote> <i>Matt. x. 8.</i></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Freely</i> they stood who stood, and fell who fell.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Freely</i> we serve<BR> Because we <i>freely</i> love.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Independently; voluntarily; spontaneously; unconditionally; unobstructedly; willingly; readily; liberally; generously; bounteously; munificently; bountifully; abundantly; largely; copiously; plentifully; plenteously.</p>

<p><hw>Free"man</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Freemen</b></plw> (#). [AS. <i>fre&oacute;man</i>; <i>fre&oacute;</i>free + <i>mann</i> man.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who enjoys liberty, or who is not subject to the will of another; one not a slave or vassal.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A member of a corporation, company, or city, possessing certain privileges; a member of a borough, town, or State, who has the right to vote at elections. See <u>Liveryman</u>.</def> <i>Burrill.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Both having been made <i>freemen</i> on the same day.</blockquote> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><hw>Free"-mar`tin</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>An imperfect female calf, twinborn with a male.</def></p>

<p><hw>Free"ma`son</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One of an ancient and secret association or fraternity, said to have been at first composed of masons or builders in stone, but now consisting of persons who are united for social enjoyment and mutual assistance.</def></p>

<p><hw>Free`ma*son"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pertaining to, or resembling, the institutions or the practices of freemasons; as, a <i>freemasonic</i> signal.</def></p>

<p><hw>Free"ma`son*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The institutions or the practices of freemasons.</def></p>

<p><hw>Free"-mill`ing</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Yielding free gold or silver; — said of certain ores which can be reduced by crushing and amalgamation, without roasting or other chemical treatment.</def> <i>Raymond.</i></p>

<p><hw>Free"-mind`ed</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Not perplexed; having a mind free from care.</def> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><hw>Free"ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The state or quality of being free; freedom; liberty; openness; liberality; gratuitousness.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fre"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who frees, or sets free.</def></p>

<p><hw>Free"-soil`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pertaining to, or advocating, the non-extension of slavery; — esp. applied to a party which was active during the period 1846-1856.</def> [U.S.] — <wf>Free"soil`er</wf> (#), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [U.S.] — <wf>Free"- soil`ism</wf> (#), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [U.S.]</p>

<p><hw>Free"-spo`ken</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Accustomed to speak without reserve.</def> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p>— <wf>Free"-spo`ken-ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Free"stone`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A stone composed of sand or grit; — so called because it is easily cut or wrought.</def></p>

<p><hw>Free"stone`</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having the flesh readily separating from the stone, as in certain kinds of peaches.</def></p>

<p><hw>Free"-swim`ming</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Swimming in the open sea; — said of certain marine animals.</def></p>

<p><hw>Free"think`er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who speculates or forms opinions independently of the authority of others; esp., in the sphere or religion, one who forms opinions independently of the authority of revelation or of the church; an unbeliever; — a term assumed by deists and skeptics in the eighteenth century.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Atheist is an old-fashioned word: I'm a <i>freethinker</i>, child.</blockquote> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Infidel; skeptic; unbeliever. See <u>Infidel</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Free"think`ing</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Undue boldness of speculation; unbelief.</def> <i>Berkeley.</i> — <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Exhibiting undue boldness of speculation; skeptical.</def></p>

<p><hw>Free"-tongued`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Speaking without reserve.</def> <i>Bp. Hall.</i></p>

<p><hw>Free will</hw> (?). <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A will free from improper coercion or restraint.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>To come thus was I not constrained, but did<BR> On my <i>free will</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The power asserted of moral beings of willing or choosing without the restraints of physical or absolute necessity.</def></p>

<p><hw>Free"will`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to free will; voluntary; spontaneous; as, a <i>freewill</i> offering.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Freewill Baptists</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Baptist</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Freez"a*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Capable of being frozen.</def></p>

<p><hw>Freeze</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>A frieze.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Freeze</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp.</i></pos> <u>Froze</u> (?); <pos><i>p. p.</i></pos> <u>Frozen</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Freezing</u>.] [OE. <i>fresen</i>, <i>freosen</i>, AS. <i>fre&oacute;san</i>; akin to D. <i>vriezen</i>, OHG. <i>iosan</i>, G. <i>frieren</i>, Icel. <i>frjsa</i>, Sw. <i>frysa</i>, Dan. <i>fryse</i>, Goth. <i>frius</i> cold, frost, and prob. to L. <i>prurire</i> to itch, E. <i>prurient</i>, cf. L. <i>prna</i> a burning coal, <i>pruina</i> hoarfrost, Skr. <i>prushv&amacr;</i> ice, <i>prush</i> to spirt. &?; 18. Cf. <u>Frost</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To become congealed by cold; to be changed from a liquid to a solid state by the abstraction of heat; to be hardened into ice or a like solid body.</def></p>

<p>&fist; Water <i>freezes</i> at 32&deg; above zero by Fahrenheit's thermometer; mercury <i>freezes</i> at 40&deg; below zero.</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To become chilled with cold, or as with cold; to suffer loss of animation or life by lack of heat; as, the blood <i>freezes</i> in the veins.</def></p>

<p><col><b>To freeze up</b></col> (Fig.), <cd>to become formal and cold in demeanor.</cd> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><hw>Freeze</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To congeal; to harden into ice; to convert from a fluid to a solid form by cold, or abstraction of heat.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To cause loss of animation or life in, from lack of heat; to give the sensation of cold to; to chill.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A faint, cold fear runs through my veins,<BR> That almost <i>freezes</i> up the heat of life.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Freeze</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The act of congealing, or the state of being congealed.</def> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><hw>Freez"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who, or that which, cools or freezes, as a refrigerator, or the tub and can used in the process of freezing ice cream.</def></p>

<p><hw>Freez"ing</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Tending to freeze; for freezing; hence, cold or distant in manner.</def> — <wf>Frrez"ing*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><col><b>Freezing machine</b></col>. <cd>See <i>Ice machine</i>, under <u>Ice</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Freezing mixture</b></col>, <cd>a mixture (of salt and snow or of chemical salts) for producing intense cold.</cd> — <col><b>Freezing point</b></col>, <cd>that degree of a thermometer at which a fluid begins to freeze; — applied particularly to water, whose <i>freezing point</i> is at 32&deg; Fahr., and at 0&deg; Centigrade.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Frei"es*le`ben*ite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Named after the German chemist <i>Freiesleben</i>.] <def>A sulphide of antimony, lead, and silver, occuring in monoclinic crystals.</def></p>

<p><hw>Freight</hw> (fr&amacr;t), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>fret</i>, OHG. <i>fr&emacr;ht</i> merit, reward. See <u>Fraught</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>That with which anything is fraught or laden for transportation; lading; cargo, especially of a ship, or a car on a railroad, etc.; as, a <i>freight</i> of cotton; a full <i>freight</i>.</def></p>

<p><! p. 595 !></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Law)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The sum paid by a party hiring a ship or part of a ship for the use of what is thus hired.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The price paid a common carrier for the carriage of goods.</def> <i>Wharton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Freight transportation, or freight line.</def></p>

<p><hw>Freight</hw> (fr&amacr;t), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Employed in the transportation of freight; having to do with freight; as, a <i>freight</i> car.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Freight agent</b></col>, <cd>a person employed by a transportation company to receive, forward, or deliver goods.</cd> — <col><b>Freight car</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Car</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Freight train</b></col>, <cd>a railroad train made up of freight cars; — called in England <i>goods train</i>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Freight</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Freighted</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Freighting</u>.] [Cf. F. <i>freter</i>.] <def>To load with goods, as a ship, or vehicle of any kind, for transporting them from one place to another; to furnish with freight; as, to <i>freight</i> a ship; to <i>freight</i> a car.</def></p>

<p><hw>Freight"age</hw> (-&asl;j; 48), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Charge for transportation; expense of carriage.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The transportation of freight.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Freight; cargo; lading. Milton.</def></p>

<p><hw>Freight"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who loads a ship, or one who charters and loads a ship.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>One employed in receiving and forwarding freight.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>One for whom freight is transported.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>A vessel used mainly to carry freight.</def></p>

<p><hw>Freight"less</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Destitute of freight.</def></p>

<p><hw>Frel"te</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Frailty.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Fremd</hw> (?), <hw>Frem"ed</hw> (?) } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [OE., from AS. <i>fremede</i>, <i>fremde</i>; akin to G. <i>fremd</i>.] <def>Strange; foreign.</def> [Old Eng. & Scot.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fren</hw> (fr&ebreve;n), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>frenne</i>, contr. fr. <i>forrene</i> foreign. See <u>Foreign</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <def>A stranger.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>French</hw> (fr&ebreve;nch), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [AS. <i>frencisc</i>, LL. <i>franciscus</i>, from L. <i>Francus</i> a Frank: cf. OF. <i>franceis</i>, <i>franchois</i>, <i>fran&ccedil;ois</i>, F. fran&ccedil;ais. See <u>Frank</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>, and cf. <u>Frankish</u>.] <def>Of or pertaining to France or its inhabitants.</def></p>

<p> <col><b>French bean</b></col> (<i>Bot</i>.), <cd>the common kidney bean (<i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i>).</cd> — <col><b>French berry</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>the berry of a species of buckthorn (<i>Rhamnus catharticus</i>), which affords a saffron, green or purple pigment.</cd> — <col><b>French casement</b></col> <i>(Arch.)</i> <cd>See <i>French window</i>, under <u>Window</u>.</cd> — <col><b>French chalk</b></col> <i>(Min.)</i>, <cd>a variety of granular talc; — used for drawing lines on cloth, etc. See under <u>Chalk</u>.</cd> — <col><b>French cowslip</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i> <cd>The <i>Primula Auricula</i>. See <u>Bear's- ear</u>.</cd> — <col><b>French fake</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>a mode of coiling a rope by running it backward and forward in parallel bends, so that it may run freely.</cd> — <col><b>French honeysuckle</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i> <cd>a plant of the genus <i>Hedysarum</i> (<i>H. coronarium</i>); — called also <i>garland honeysuckle</i>.</cd> — <col><b>French horn</b></col>, <cd>a metallic wind instrument, consisting of a long tube twisted into circular folds and gradually expanding from the mouthpiece to the end at which the sound issues; — called in France <i>cor de chasse</i>.</cd> — <col><b>French leave</b></col>, <cd>an informal, hasty, or secret departure; esp., the leaving a place without paying one's debts.</cd> — <col><b>French pie</b></col> [<i>French</i> (here used in sense of "foreign") + <i>pie</i> a magpie (in allusion to its black and white color)] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the European great spotted woodpecker (<i>Dryobstes major</i>); — called also <i>wood pie</i>.</cd> — <col><b>French polish</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>A preparation for the surface of woodwork, consisting of gums dissolved in alcohol, either shellac alone, or shellac with other gums added.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>The glossy surface produced by the application of the above.</cd> — <col><b>French purple</b></col>, <cd>a dyestuff obtained from lichens and used for coloring woolen and silken fabrics, without the aid of mordants.</cd> <i>Ure.</i> — <col><b>French red</b></col> <cd>rouge.</cd> — <col><b>French rice</b></col>, <cd>amelcorn.</cd> — <col><b>French roof</b></col> <i>(Arch.)</i>, <cd>a modified form of mansard roof having a nearly flat deck for the upper slope.</cd> - - <col><b>French tub</b></col>, <cd>a dyer's mixture of protochloride of tin and logwood; — called also <i>plum tub</i>.</cd> <i>Ure.</i> — <col><b>French window</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Window</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>French</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The language spoken in France.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Collectively, the people of France.</def></p>

<p><hw>French"i*fy</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Frenchified</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Frenchifying</u>.] [<i>French</i> + <i>-fy</i>.] <def>To make French; to infect or imbue with the manners or tastes of the French; to Gallicize.</def> <i>Burke.</i></p>

<p><hw>French"ism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A French mode or characteristic; an idiom peculiar to the French language.</def> <i>Earle.</i></p>

<p><hw>French"man</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Frenchmen</b></plw> (&?;). <def>A native or one of the people of France.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fre*net"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See <u>Frantic</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <def>Distracted; mad; frantic; phrenetic.</def> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fre*net"ic*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Frenetic; frantic; frenzied.</def> — <wf>Frenet"ic*al*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Fre"num</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> E. <plw><b>Frenums</b></plw> (#), L. <plw><b>Frena</b></plw> (#). [L., a bridle.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A cheek stripe of color.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Fr&aelig;num</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fren"zi*cal</hw> (fr&ebreve;n"z&ibreve;*k<i>a</i>l), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Frantic.</def> [Obs.] <i>Orrery.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fren"zied</hw> (?), <pos><i>p. p. & a.</i></pos> <def>Affected with frenzy; frantic; maddened.</def> — <wf>Fren"zied*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><blockquote>The people <i>frenzied</i> by centuries of oppression.</blockquote> <i>Buckle.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Up starting with a <i>frenzied</i> look.</blockquote> <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fren"zy</hw> (-z&ybreve;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Frenzies</b></plw> (-z&ibreve;z). [OE. <i>frenesie</i>, <i>fransey</i>, F. <i>fr&eacute;n&eacute;sie</i>, L. <i>phrenesis</i>, fr. Gr. <grk>fre`nhsis</grk> for <grk>freni^tis</grk> disease of the mind, phrenitis, fr. <grk>frhn</grk> mind. Cf. <u>Frantic</u>, <u>Phrenitis</u>.] <def>Any violent agitation of the mind approaching to distraction; violent and temporary derangement of the mental faculties; madness; rage.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>All else is towering <i>frenzy</i> and distraction.</blockquote> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The poet's eye in a fine <i>frenzy</i> rolling.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Insanity; lunacy; madness; derangement; alienation; aberration; delirium. See <u>Insanity</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Fren"zy</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Mad; frantic.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>They thought that some <i>frenzy</i> distemper had got into his head.</blockquote> <i>Bunyan.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fren"zy</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To affect with frenzy; to drive to madness</def> [R.] "<i>Frenzying</i> anguish." <i>Southey.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fre"quence</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Frequency</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A crowd; a throng; a concourse.</def> [Archaic.] <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Frequency; abundance.</def> [R.] <i>Bp. Hall.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fre"quen*cy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Frequencies</b></plw> (#). [L. <i>frequentia</i> numerous attendance, multitude: cf. F. <i>fr&eacute;quence</i>. See <u>Frequent</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The condition of returning frequently; occurrence often repeated; common occurence; as, the <i>frequency</i> of crimes; the <i>frequency</i> of miracles.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The reasons that moved her to remove were, because Rome was a place of riot and luxury, her soul being almost stifled with, the <i>frequencies</i> of ladies' visits.</blockquote> <i>Fuller.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A crowd; a throng.</def> [Obs.] <i>B. Jonson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fre"quent</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>frequens</i>, <i>-entis</i>, crowded, frequent, akin to <i>farcire</i> to stuff: cf. F. <i>fr&eacute;quent</i>. Cf. <u>Farce</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Often to be met with; happening at short intervals; often repeated or occurring; as, <i>frequent</i> visits.</def> "<i>Frequent</i> feudal towers." <i>Byron.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Addicted to any course of conduct; inclined to indulge in any practice; habitual; persistent.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He has been loud and <i>frequent</i> in declaring himself hearty for the government.</blockquote> <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Full; crowded; thronged.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>'T is C&aelig;sar's will to have a <i>frequent</i> senate.</blockquote> <i>B. Jonson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Often or commonly reported.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>'T is <i>frequent</i> in the city he hath subdued<BR> The Catti and the Daci.</blockquote> <i>Massinger.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fre*quent"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Frequented</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Frequenting</u>.] [L. <i>frequentare</i>: cf. F. <i>fr&eacute;quenter</i>. See <u>Frequent</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To visit often; to resort to often or habitually.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He <i>frequented</i> the court of Augustus.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To make full; to fill.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>With their sighs the air<BR> <i>Frequenting</i>, sent from hearts contrite.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fre*quent"a*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Accessible.</def> [R.] <i>Sidney.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fre*quent"age</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The practice or habit of frequenting.</def> [R.] <i>Southey.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fre"quen*ta"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>frequentatio</i> a crowding together, <i>frequency</i>: cf. F. <i>fr&eacute;quentation</i>.] <def>The act or habit of frequenting or visiting often; resort.</def> <i>Chesterfield.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fre*quent"a*tive</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>frequentativus</i>: cf. F. <i>fr&eacute;quentatif</i>.] <i>(Gram.)</i> <def>Serving to express the frequent repetition of an action; as, a <i>frequentative</i> verb.</def> — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A frequentative verb.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fre*quent*er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who frequents; one who often visits, or resorts to customarily.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fre*quent*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>At frequent or short intervals; many times; often; repeatedly; commonly.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fre"quent*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality of being frequent.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Fr&egrave;re</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. See <u>Friar</u>.] <def>A friar.</def> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fres"cade</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Fresco</u>, <u>Fresh</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <def>A cool walk; shady place.</def> [R.] <i>Maunder.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fres"co</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Frescoes</b></plw> or <plw><b>Frescos</b></plw> (#). [It., fr. <i>fresco</i> fresh; of German origin. See <u>Fresh</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A cool, refreshing state of the air; duskiness; coolness; shade.</def> [R.] <i>Prior.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Fine Arts)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The art of painting on freshly spread plaster, before it dries.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>In modern parlance, incorrectly applied to painting on plaster in any manner.</def> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <def>A painting on plaster in either of senses <sd><i>a</i></sd> and <sd><i>b</i></sd>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fres"co</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Frescoed</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Frescoing</u>.] <def>To paint in fresco, as walls.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fresh</hw> (fr&ebreve;sh), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<pos><i>Compar.</i></pos> <u>Fresher</u> (-&etilde;r); <pos><i>superl</i></pos>. <u>Freshest</u>.] [OE. <i>fresch</i>, AS. <i>fersc</i>; akin to D. <i>versch</i>, G. <i>frisch</i>, OHG. <i>frisc</i>, Sw. <i>frisk</i>, Dan. <i>frisk</i>, <i>fersk</i>, Icel. <i>fr&imacr;skr</i> frisky, brisk, <i>ferskr</i> fresh; cf. It. <i>fresco</i>, OF. <i>fres</i>, <i>freis</i>, fem. <i>freske</i>, <i>fresche</i>, F. <i>frais</i>, fem. <i>fra&icirc;che</i>, which are of German origin. Cf. <u>Fraischeur</u>, <u>Fresco</u>, <u>Frisk</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Possessed of original life and vigor; new and strong; unimpaired; sound.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>New; original; additional.</def> "Fear of <i>fresh</i> mistakes." <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>A <i>fresh</i> pleasure in every fresh posture of the limbs.</blockquote> <i>Landor.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Lately produced, gathered, or prepared for market; not stale; not dried or preserved; not wilted, faded, or tainted; in good condition; as, <i>fresh</i> vegetables, flowers, eggs, meat, fruit, etc.; recently made or obtained; occurring again; repeated; as, a <i>fresh</i> supply of goods; <i>fresh</i> tea, raisins, etc.; lately come or made public; as, <i>fresh</i> news; recently taken from a well or spring; as, <i>fresh</i> water.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Youthful; florid; as, these <i>fresh</i> nymphs.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>In a raw, green, or untried state; uncultivated; uncultured; unpracticed; as, a <i>fresh</i> hand on a ship.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>Renewed in vigor, alacrity, or readiness for action; as, <i>fresh</i> for a combat; hence, tending to renew in vigor; rather strong; cool or brisk; as, a <i>fresh</i> wind.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <def>Not salt; as, <i>fresh</i> water, in distinction from that which is from the sea, or brackish; <i>fresh</i> meat, in distinction from that which is pickled or salted.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Fresh breeze</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>a breeze between a moderate and a strong breeze; one blowinq about twenty miles an hour.</cd> — <col><b>Fresh gale</b></col>, <cd>a gale blowing about forty-five miles an hour.</cd> — <col><b>Fresh way</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>increased speed.</cd></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Sound; unimpaired; recent; unfaded: ruddy; florid; sweet; good: inexperienced; unpracticed: unused; lively; vigorous; strong.</p>

<p><hw>Fresh</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Freshes</b></plw> (&?;). <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A stream or spring of fresh water.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He shall drink naught but brine; for I'll not show him<BR> Where the quick <i>freshes</i> are.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A flood; a freshet.</def> [Prov. Eng.] <i>Halliwell.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>The mingling of fresh water with salt in rivers or bays, as by means of a flood of fresh water flowing toward or into the sea.</def> <i>Beverly.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fresh</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To refresh; to freshen.</def> [Obs.] <i>Rom. of R.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fresh"en</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Freshened</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Freshening</u> (?)] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To make fresh; to separate, as water, from saline ingredients; to make less salt; as, to <i>freshen</i> water, fish, or flesh.</def> </p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To refresh; to revive.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>To relieve, as a rope, by change of place where friction wears it; or to renew, as the material used to prevent chafing; as, to <i>freshen</i> a hawse.</def> <i> Totten.</i></p>

<p><col><b>To freshen ballast</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>to shift Or restore it.</cd> — <col><b>To freshen the hawse</b></col>, <cd>to pay out a little more cable, so as to bring the chafe on another part.</cd> — <col><b>To freshen the way</b></col>, <cd>to increase the speed of a vessel.</cd> <i>Ham. Nav. Encyc.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fresh"en</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To grow fresh; to lose saltness.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To grow brisk or strong; as, the wind <i>freshens</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fresh"et</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>fresche</i> flood + <i>-et</i>. See <u>Fresh</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A stream of fresh water.</def> [Obs.] <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A flood or overflowing of a stream caused by heavy rains or melted snow; a sudden inundation.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Cracked the sky, as ice in rivers<BR> When the <i>freshet</i> is at highest.</blockquote> <i>Longfellow.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fresh"ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a fresh manner; vigorously; newly, recently; brightly; briskly; coolly; as, <i>freshly</i> gathered; <i>freshly</i> painted; the wind blows <i>freshly</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Looks he as <i>freshly</i> as he did?</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fresh"man</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Freshmen</b></plw> (&?;). <def>A novice; one in the rudiments of knowledge; especially, a student during his first year in a college or university.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He drank his glass and cracked his joke,<BR> And <i>freshmen</i> wondered as he spoke.</blockquote> <i>Goldsmith.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Freshman class</b></col>, <cd>the lowest of the four classes in an American college.</cd> [ U. S.]</p>

<p><hw>Fresh"man*ship</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The state of being a freshman.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fresh"ment</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Refreshment.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Fresh"ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The state of being fresh.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The Scots had the advantage both for number and <i>freshness</i><BR> of men.</blockquote> <i>Hayward.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>And breathe the <i>freshness</i> of the open air.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Her cheeks their <i>freshness</i> lose and wonted grace.</blockquote> <i>Granville.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fresh"-new`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Unpracticed.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fresh"-wa`ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Of, pertaining to, or living in, water not salt; as, <i>fresh-water</i> geological deposits; a <i>fresh- water</i> fish; <i>fresh-water</i> mussels.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Accustomed to sail on fresh water only; unskilled as a seaman; as, a <i>fresh-water</i> sailor.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Unskilled; raw.</def> [Colloq.] "<i>Fresh- water</i> soldiers." <i>Knolles.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Fres`nel" lamp"</hw> (?), <hw>Fres'nel' lan'tern</hw> (?).} [From <i>Fresnel</i> the inventor, a French physicist.] <def>A lantern having a lamp surrounded by a hollow cylindrical Fresnel lens.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fres`nel" lens"</hw> (?). [See <u>Fresnel lamp</u>.] <i>(Optics)</i> <def>See under <u>Lens</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fret</hw> (fr&ebreve;t), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Obs.] <def>See 1st <u>Frith</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fret</hw> (fr&ebreve;t), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Fretted</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Fretting</u>.] [OE. <i>freten</i> to eat, consume; AS. <i>fretan</i>, for <i>foretan</i>; pref. <i>for-</i> + <i>etan</i> to eat; akin to D. <i>vreten</i>, OHG. <i>frezzan</i>, G. <i>fressen</i>, Sw. <i>fr&auml;ta</i>, Goth. <i>fra-itan</i>. See <u>For</u>, and <u>Eat</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To devour.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>The sow <i>frete</i> the child right in the cradle.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To rub; to wear away by friction; to chafe; to gall; hence, to eat away; to gnaw; as, to <i>fret</i> cloth; to fret a piece of gold or other metal; a worm <i>frets</i> the plants of a ship.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>With many a curve my banks I <i>fret</i>.</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To impair; to wear away; to diminish.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>By starts<BR> His <i>fretted</i> fortunes give him hope and fear.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To make rough, agitate, or disturb; to cause to ripple; as, to <i>fret</i> the surface of water.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>To tease; to irritate; to vex.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Fret</i> not thyself because of evil doers.</blockquote> <i>Ps. xxxvii. 1.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fret</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To be worn away; to chafe; to fray; as, a wristband <i>frets</i> on the edges.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To eat in; to make way by corrosion.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Many wheals arose, and <i>fretted</i> one into another with great excoriation.</blockquote> <i>Wiseman.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To be agitated; to be in violent commotion; to rankle; as, rancor <i>frets</i> in the malignant breast.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To be vexed; to be chafed or irritated; to be angry; to utter peevish expressions.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He <i>frets</i>, he fumes, he stares, he stamps the ground.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fret</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The agitation of the surface of a fluid by fermentation or other cause; a rippling on the surface of water.</def> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Agitation of mind marked by complaint and impatience; disturbance of temper; irritation; as, he keeps his mind in a continual <i>fret</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Yet then did Dennis rave in furious <i>fret</i>.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Herpes; tetter.</def> <i>Dunglison.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>pl.</i> <i>(Mining)</i> <def>The worn sides of river banks, where ores, or stones containing them, accumulate by being washed down from the hills, and thus indicate to the miners the locality of the veins.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fret</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [OE. <i>fretten</i> to adorn, AS. <i>fr&aelig;twan</i>, <i>fr&aelig;twian</i>; akin to OS. <i>fratah&omacr;n</i>, cf. Goth. <i>us-fratwjan</i> to make wise, also AS. <i>fr&aelig;twe</i> ornaments, OS. <i>fratah&imacr;</i> adornment.] <def>To ornament with raised work; to variegate; to diversify.</def></p>

<p><blockquote> Whose skirt with gold was <i>fretted</i> all about.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Yon gray lines,<BR> That <i>fret</i> the clouds, are messengers of day.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fret</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Ornamental work in relief, as carving or embossing. See <u>Fretwork</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>An ornament consisting of small fillets or slats intersecting each other or bent at right angles, as in classical designs, or at oblique angles, as often in Oriental art.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>His lady's cabinet is a adorned on the <i>fret</i>, ceiling, and chimney-piece with . . . carving.</blockquote> <i>Evelyn.</i></p>

<p><! p. 596 !></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>The reticulated headdress or net, made of gold or silver wire, in which ladies in the Middle Ages confined their hair.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A <i>fret</i> of gold she had next her hair.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Fret saw</b></col>, <cd>a saw with a long, narrow blade, used in cutting frets, scrolls, etc.; a scroll saw; a keyhole saw; a compass saw.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fret</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>frette</i> a saltire, also a hoop, ferrule, prob. a dim. of L. <i>ferrum</i> iron. For sense 2, cf. also E. <i>fret</i> to rub.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Her.)</i> <def>A saltire interlaced with a mascle.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Mus.)</i> <def>A short piece of wire, or other material fixed across the finger board of a guitar or a similar instrument, to indicate where the finger is to be placed.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fret</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To furnish with frets, as an instrument of music.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fret"ful</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See 2d <u>Fret</u>.] <def>Disposed to fret; ill-humored; peevish; angry; in a state of vexation; as, a <i>fretful</i> temper.</def> — <wf>Fret"ful*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Fret"ful*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Peevish; ill-humored; ill-natured; irritable; waspish; captious; petulant; splenetic; spleeny; passionate; angry. - - <u>Fretful</u>, <u>Peevish</u>, <u>Cross</u>. These words all indicate an unamiable working and expression of temper. <i>Peevish</i> marks more especially the inward spirit: a <i>peevish</i> man is always ready to find fault. <i>Fretful</i> points rather to the outward act, and marks a complaining impatience: sickly children are apt to be <i>fretful</i>. <i>Crossness</i> is peevishness mingled with vexation or anger.</p>

<p><hw>Frett</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See 2d <u>Fret</u>.] <i>(Mining)</i> <def>The worn side of the bank of a river. See 4th <u>Fret</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, 4.</def></p>

<p><hw>Frett</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Frit</u>.] <def>A vitreous compound, used by potters in glazing, consisting of lime, silica, borax, lead, and soda.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fret"ted</hw> (?), <pos><i>p. p. & a.</i></pos> [From 2d <u>Fret</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Rubbed or worn away; chafed.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Agitated; vexed; worried.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fret"ted</hw>, <pos><i>p. p. & a.</i></pos> [See 5th <u>Fret</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Ornamented with fretwork; furnished with frets; variegated; made rough on the surface.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Her.)</i> <def>Interlaced one with another; — said of charges and ordinaries.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fret"ten</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [The old p. p. of fret to rub.] <def>Rubbed; marked; as, pock-<i>fretten</i>, marked with the smallpox.</def> [Obs.] <i>Wright.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fret"ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who, or that which, frets.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fret"ty</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See 5th <u>Fret</u>.] <def>Adorned with fretwork.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Fre"tum</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Freta</b></plw> (#). [L.] <def>A strait, or arm of the sea.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fret"work</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [6th <i>fret + work</i>.] <def>Work adorned with frets; ornamental openwork or work in relief, esp. when elaborate and minute in its parts. Hence, any minute play of light and shade, dark and light, or the like.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Banqueting on the turf in the <i>fretwork</i> of shade and sunshine.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><hw>Frey"a</hw> (fr&imacr;"&adot;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Icel. <i>Freyja</i>.] <i>(Scand. Myth.)</i> <def>The daughter of Nj&ouml;rd, and goddess of love and beauty; the Scandinavian Venus; - - in Teutonic myths confounded with Frigga, but in Scandinavian, distinct.</def> [Written also <i>Frea</i>, <i>Freyia</i>, and <i>Freyja</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Fri"a*bii"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>friabilit&eacute;</i>.] <def>The quality of being friable; friableness.</def> <i>Locke.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fri"a*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>friabilis</i>, fr. <i>friare</i> to rub, break, or crumble into small pieces, cf. <i>fricare</i> to rub, E. <i>fray</i>: cf. F. <i>friable</i>.] <def>Easily crumbled, pulverized, or reduced to powder.</def> "<i>Friable</i> ground." <i>Evelyn.</i> "Soft and <i>friable</i> texture." <i>Paley.</i> — <wf>Fri'a*ble*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Fri"ar</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OR. <i>frere</i>, F. <i>fr&egrave;re</i> brother, <i>friar</i>, fr. L. <i>frater</i> brother. See <u>Brother</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(R. C. Ch.)</i> <def>A brother or member of any religious order, but especially of one of the four mendicant orders, viz: <i>(a) Minors, Gray Friars, or Franciscans.</i> <i>(b) Augustines</i>. <i>(c) Dominicans or Black Friars.</i> <i>(d) White Friars or Carmelites.</i> See these names in the Vocabulary.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Print.)</i> <def>A white or pale patch on a printed page.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>An American fish; the silversides.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Friar bird</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>an Australian bird (<i>Tropidorhynchus corniculatus</i>), having the head destitute of feathers; — called also <i>coldong</i>, <i>leatherhead</i>, <i>pimlico</i>; <i>poor soldier</i>, and <i>four- o'clock</i>.</cd> The name is also applied to several other species of the same genus. — <col><b>Friar's balsam</b></col> <i>(Med.)</i>, <cd>a stimulating application for wounds and ulcers, being an alcoholic solution of benzoin, styrax, tolu balsam, and aloes; compound tincture of benzoin.</cd> <i>Brande & C.</i> — <col><b>Friar's cap</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>the monkshood.</cd> — <col><b>Friar's cowl</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>an arumlike plant (<i>Arisarum vulgare</i>) with a spathe or involucral leaf resembling a cowl.</cd> — <col><b>Friar's lantern</b></col>, <cd>the ignis fatuus or Will-o'-the-wisp.</cd> <i>Milton.</i> — <col><b>Friar skate</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the European white or sharpnosed skate (<i>Raia alba</i>); — called also <i>Burton skate</i>, <i>border ray</i>, <i>scad</i>, and <i>doctor</i>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fri"ar*ly</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Like a friar; inexperienced.</def> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fri"ar*y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [From <u>Friar</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <def>Like a friar; pertaining to friars or to a convent.</def> [Obs.] <i>Camden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fri"ar*y</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>frerie</i>, <i>frairie</i>, fr. <i>fr&egrave;re</i>. See <u>Friar</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A monastery; a convent of friars.</def> <i>Drugdale.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The institution or practices of friars.</def> <i>Fuller.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fri*a"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Friable</u>.] <def>The act of breaking up or pulverizing.</def></p>

<p><hw>Frib"ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>frivole</i>, L. <i>frivolus</i>, or E. <i>frippery</i>.] <def>Frivolous; trifling; silly.</def></p>

<p><hw>Frib"ble</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A frivolous, contemptible fellow; a fop.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A pert <i>fribble</i> of a peer.</blockquote> <i>Thackeray.</i></p>

<p><hw>Frib"ble</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To act in a trifling or foolish manner; to act frivolously.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The fools that are <i>fribbling</i> round about you.</blockquote> <i>Thackeray.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To totter.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Frib"bler</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A trifler; a fribble.</def></p>

<p><hw>Frib"bling</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Frivolous; trining; toolishly captious.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Fri"borg</hw> , <hw>Fri"borgh</hw> } (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>fri&eth;borh</i>, lit., peace pledge; <i>fri&eth;</i> peace + <i>borh</i>, <i>borg</i>, pledge, akin to E. <i>borrow</i>. The first part of the word was confused with <i>free</i>, the last part, with borough.] <i>(Old Eng. Law)</i> <def>The pledge and tithing, afterwards called by the Normans <i>frankpledge</i>. See <u>Frankpledge</u>.</def> [Written also <i>friburgh</i> and <i>fribourg</i>.] <i>Burril.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fric"ace</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Fricassee</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Meat sliced and dressed with strong sauce.</def> [Obs.] <i>King.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>An unguent; also, the act of rubbing with the unguent.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Fri`can`deau"</hw> (?), <hw>||Fric`an*do"</hw> (&?;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>fricandeau</i>; cf. Sp. <i>fricand&oacute;</i>.] <def>A ragout or fricassee of veal; a fancy dish of veal or of boned turkey, served as an <i>entr&eacute;e</i>, - - called also <i>fricandel</i>.</def> <i>A. J. Cooley.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fric"as*see`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>fricass&eacute;e</i>, fr. <i>fricasser</i> to <i>fry</i>, <i>fricassee</i>; cf. LL. <i>fricare</i>, perh. for <i>frictare</i>, <i>fricare</i>, <i>frictum</i>, to rub. Cf. <u>Fry</u>, <u>Friction</u>.] <def>A dish made of fowls, veal, or other meat of small animals cut into pieces, and stewed in a gravy.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fric"as*see`</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Fricasseed</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. &. vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Fricasseeing</u>.] <def>To dress like a fricassee.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fri*ca"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>fricatio</i>, fr. <i>fricare</i>, <i>fricatum</i>, to rub. ] <def>Friction.</def> [Obs.] <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fric"a*tive</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See <u>Frication</u>.] <i>(Phon.)</i> <def>Produced by the friction or rustling of the breath, intonated or unintonated, through a narrow opening between two of the mouth organs; uttered through a close approach, but not with a complete closure, of the organs of articulation, and hence capable of being continued or prolonged; — said of certain consonantal sounds, as <i>f</i>, <i>v</i>, <i>s</i>, <i>z</i>, etc.</def> — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A fricative consonant letter or sound. See <i>Guide to Pronunciation</i>, &sect;&sect; 197-206, etc.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fric"a*trice</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. L. <i>frictrix</i>, fr. <i>fricare</i> to rub.] <def>A lewd woman; a harlot.</def> [Obs.] <i>B. Jonson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fric"kle</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A bushel basket.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Fric"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>frictio</i>, fr. <i>fricare</i>, <i>frictum</i>,to rub: cf. F. <i>friction</i>. See <u>Fray</u> to rub, arid cf. <u>Dentifrice</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of rubbing the surface of one body against that of another; attrition; in hygiene, the act of rubbing the body with the hand, with flannel, or with a brush etc., to excite the skin to healthy action.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Mech.)</i> <def>The resistance which a body meets with from the surface on which it moves. It may be resistance to sliding motion, or to rolling motion.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A clashing between two persons or parties in opinions or work; a disagreement tending to prevent or retard progress.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Angle of friction</b></col> <i>(Mech.)</i>, <cd>the angle which a plane onwhich a body is lying makes with a horizontal plane,when the hody is just ready to slide dewn the plane.</cd> This angle varies for different bodies, and for planes of different materials. — <col><b>Anti-friction wheels</b></col> <i>(Mach.)</i>, <cd>wheels turning freely on small pivots, and sustaining, at the angle formed by their circumferences, the pivot or journal of a revolving shaft, to relieve it of friction; — called also <i>friction wheels</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Friction balls</b></col>, or <col><b>Friction rollers</b></col>, <cd>balls or rollers placed so as to receive the pressure or weight of bodies in motion, and relieve friction, as in the hub of a bicycle wheel.</cd> — <col><b>Friction brake</b></col> <i>(Mach.)</i>, <cd>a form of dynamometer for measuring the power a motor exerts. A clamp around the revolving shaft or fly wheel of the motor resists the motion by its friction, the work thus absorbed being ascertained by observing the force required to keep the clamp from revolving with the shaft; a Prony brake.</cd> — <col><b>Friction chocks</b></col>, <cd>brakes attached to the common standing garrison carriages of guns, so as to raise the trucks or wheels off the platform when the gun begins to recoil, and prevent its running back.</cd> <i>Earrow.</i> — <col><b>Friction clutch</b></col>, <col><b>Friction coupling</b></col>, <cd>an engaging and disengaging gear for revolving shafts, pulleys, etc., acting by friction</cd>; esp.: <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>A device in which a piece on one shaft or pulley is so forcibly pressed against a piece on another shaft that the two will revolve together; as, in the illustration, the cone <i>a</i> on one shaft, when thrust forcibly into the corresponding hollow cone <i>b</i> on the other shaft, compels the shafts to rotate together, by the hold the friction of the conical surfaces gives.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>A toothed clutch, one member of which, instead of being made fast on its shaft, is held by friction and can turn, by slipping, under excessive strain or in starting.</cd> — <col><b>Friction drop hammer</b></col>, <cd>one in which the hammer is raised for striking by the friction of revolving rollers which nip the hammer rod.</cd> — <col><b>Friction gear</b></col>. <cd>See <i>Frictional gearing</i>, under <u>Frictional</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Friction machine</b></col>, <cd>an electrical machine, generating electricity by friction.</cd> — <col><b>Friction meter</b></col>, <cd>an instrument for measuring friction, as in testing lubricants.</cd> — <col><b>Friction powder</b></col>, <col><b>Friction composition</b></col>, <cd>a composition of chlorate of potassium, antimony, sulphide, etc, which readily ignites by friction.</cd> — <col><b>Friction primer</b></col>, <col><b>Friction tube</b></col>, <cd>a tube used for firing cannon by means of the friction of a roughened wire in the friction powder or composition with which the tube is filled.</cd> — <col><b>Friction wheel</b></col> <i>(Mach.)</i>, <cd>one of the wheels in frictional gearing. See under <u>Frictional</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fric"tion*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Relating to friction; moved by friction; produced by friction; as, <i>frictional</i> electricity.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Frictional gearing</b></col>, <cd>wheels which transmit motion by surface friction instead of teeth. The faces are sometimes made more or less V-shaped to increase or decrease friction, as required.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fric"tion*less</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having no friction.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fri"day</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>friged&aelig;g</i>, fr. <i>Frigu</i>, the gooddes of marriage; <i>friqu</i> love + <i>d&aelig;g</i> day; cf. Icel. <i>Frigg</i> name of a goddess, the wife of Odin or Wodan, OHG. <i>Fr&imacr;atag</i>, Icel. <i>Frj&amacr;dagr</i>. AS. <i>frigu</i> is prob. from the root of E. <i>friend</i>, <i>free</i>. See <u>Free</u>, and <u>Day</u>.] <def>The sixth day of the week, following Thursday and preceding Saturday.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fridge</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [AS. <i>frician</i> to dance, from <i>free</i> bold. Cf. <u>Freak</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <def>To rub; to fray.</def> [Obs.] <i>Sterne.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Frid"stol`</hw> (fr&ibreve;d"st&omacr;l`), <hw>Frith`stool"</hw> (fr&ibreve;th"st&oomac;l`) }, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>fri&eth;st&omacr;</i>l. See <u>Fred</u>, and <u>Stool</u>.] <def>A seat in churches near the altar, to which offenders formerly fled for sanctuary.</def> [Written variously <i>fridstool</i>, <i>freedstool</i>, etc.] [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Fried</hw> (fr&imacr;d), <def><pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> of <u>Fry</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Friend</hw> (fr&ebreve;nd), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OR. <i>frend</i>, <i>freond</i>, AS. <i>fre&oacute;nd</i>, prop. p. pr. of <i>fre&oacute;n</i>, <i>fre&oacute;gan</i>, to love; akin to D. <i>vriend</i> friend, OS. <i>friund</i> friend, <i>friohan</i> to love, OHG. <i>friunt</i> friend, G. <i>freund</i>, Icel. <i>fr&aelig;ndi</i> kinsman, Sw. <i>fr&auml;nde</i>. Goth. <i>frij&omacr;nds</i> friend, <i>frij&omacr;n</i> to love. &radic;83. See <u>Free</u>, and cf. <u>Fiend</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who entertains for another such sentiments of esteem, respect, and affection that he seeks his society and welfare; a wellwisher; an intimate associate; sometimes, an attendant.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Want gives to know the flatterer from the <i>friend</i>.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>A <i>friend</i> that sticketh closer than a brother.</blockquote> <i>Prov. xviii. 24.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>One not inimical or hostile; one not a foe or enemy; also, one of the same nation, party, kin, etc., whose friendly feelings may be assumed. The word is some times used as a term of friendly address.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Friend</i>, how camest thou in hither?</blockquote> <i>Matt. xxii. 12.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>One who looks propitiously on a cause, an institution, a project, and the like; a favorer; a promoter; as, a <i>friend</i> to commerce, to poetry, to an institution.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>One of a religious sect characterized by disuse of outward rites and an ordained ministry, by simplicity of dress and speech, and esp. by opposition to war and a desire to live at peace with all men. They are popularly called Quakers.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>America was first visited by <i>Friends</i> in 1656.</blockquote> <i>T. Chase.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>A paramour of either sex.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><col><b>A friend</b></col> <col><b>at court or in court</b></col>, <cd>one disposed to act as a friend in a place of special opportunity or influence.</cd> — <col><b>To be friends with</b></col>, <cd>to have friendly relations with.</cd> "He's . . . <i>friends with</i> C&aelig;sar." <i>Shak.</i> — <col><b>To make friends with</b></col>, <cd>to become reconciled to or on friendly terms with.</cd> "Having now <i>made friends with</i> the Athenians." <i>Jowett (Thucyd.).</i></p>

<p><hw>Friend</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Friended</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Friending</u>.] <def>To act as the friend of; to favor; to countenance; to befriend.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Fortune <i>friends</i> the bold.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Friend"ed</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Having friends;</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Inclined to love; well-disposed.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Friend"ing</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Friendliness.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Friend"less</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [AS. <i>fre&oacute;ndle&aacute;s</i>.] <def>Destitute of friends; forsaken.</def> — <wf>Friend"less*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Friend"li*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a friendly manner.</def> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><hw>Friend"li*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The condition or quality of being friendly.</def> <i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></p>

<p><hw>Friend"ly</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [AS. <i>fre&eacute;ndl&imacr;ce</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Having the temper and disposition of a friend; disposed to promote the good of another; kind; favorable.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Appropriate to, or implying, friendship; befitting friends; amicable.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>In <i>friendly</i> relations with his moderate opponents.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Not hostile; as, a <i>friendly</i> power or state.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Promoting the good of any person; favorable; propitious; serviceable; as, a <i>friendly</i> breeze or gale.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>On the first <i>friendly</i> bank he throws him down.</blockquote> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Amicable; kind; conciliatory; propitious; favorable. See <u>Amicable</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Friend"ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In the manner of friends; amicably; like friends.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>In whom all graces that can perfect beauty<BR> Are <i>friendly</i> met.</blockquote> <i>Beau. & Fl.</i></p>

<p><hw>Friend"ship</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>fre&oacute;ndscipe</i>. See <u>Friend</u>, and <u>-ship</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The state of being friends; friendly relation, or attachment, to a person, or between persons; affection arising from mutual esteem and good will; friendliness; amity; good will.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>There is little <i>friendship</i> in the world.</blockquote> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>There can be no <i>friendship</i> without confidence, and no confidence without integrity.</blockquote> <i>Rambler.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Preferred by <i>friendship</i>, and not chosen by sufficiency.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Kindly aid; help; assistance,</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Some <i>friendship</i> will it [a hovel] lend you gainst the tempest.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Aptness to unite; conformity; affinity; harmony; correspondence.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Those colors . . . have a <i>friendship</i> with each other.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fri"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who fries.</def></p>

<p><hw>Friese</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Friesic</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></def></p>

<p><hw>Fries"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to Friesland, a province in the northern part of the Netherlands.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fries"ic</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The language of the Frisians, a Teutonic people formerly occupying a large part of the coast of Holland and Northwestern Germany. The modern dialects of Friesic are spoken chiefly in the province of Friesland, and on some of the islands near the coast of Germany and Denmark.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fries"ish</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Friesic.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Frieze</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Perh. the same word as frieze a, kind of cloth. Cf. <u>Friz</u>.] <i>(Arch.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>That part of the entablature of an order which is between the architrave and cornice. It is a flat member or face, either uniform or broken by triglyphs, and often enriched with figures and other ornaments of sculpture.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>Any sculptured or richly ornamented band in a building or, by extension, in rich pieces of furniture. See <i>Illust.</i> of <u>Column</u>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Cornice or <i>frieze</i> with bossy sculptures graven.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Frieze</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>frise</i>, perh. originally a woolen cloth or stuff from <i>Friesland</i> (F. <i>Frise</i>); cf. LL. <i>frisii panni</i> and <i>frissatus pannus</i>, a shaggy woolen cloth, F. <i>friser</i> to friz, curl. Cf. <u>Friz</u>.] <def>A kind of coarse woolen cloth or stuff with a shaggy or tufted (friezed) nap on one side.</def> "Robes of <i>frieze</i>." <i>Goldsmith.</i></p>

<p><hw>Frieze</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To make a nap on (cloth); to friz. See <u>Friz</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>, 2.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Friezing machine</b></col>, <cd>a machine for friezing cloth; a friezing machine.</cd></p>

<p><! p. 597 !></p>

<p><hw>Friezed</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Gathered, or having the map gathered, into little tufts, knots, or protuberances. Cf. <u>Frieze</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>, and <u>Friz</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>, 2.</def></p>

<p><hw>Frie"zer</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who, or that which, friezes or frizzes.</def></p>

<p><hw>Frig"ate</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>fr&eacute;gate</i>, It. <i>fregata</i>, prob. contracted fr. L. <i>fabricata</i> something constructed or built. See <u>Fabricate</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Originally, a vessel of the Mediterranean propelled by sails and by oars. The French, about 1650, transferred the name to larger vessels, and by 1750 it had been appropriated for a class of war vessels intermediate between corvettes and ships of the line. Frigates, from about 1750 to 1850, had one full battery deck and, often, a spar deck with a lighter battery. They carried sometimes as many as fifty guns. After the application of steam to navigation <i>steam frigates</i> of largely increased size and power were built, and formed the main part of the navies of the world till about 1870, when the introduction of ironclads superseded them.</def> [Formerly spelled <i>frigat</i> and <i>friggot</i>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Any small vessel on the water.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Frigate bird</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a web- footed rapacious bird, of the genus <i>Fregata</i>; — called also <i>man-of-war bird</i>, and <i>frigate pelican</i>. Two species are known; that of the Southern United States and West Indies is <i>F. aquila</i>. They are remarkable for their long wings and powerful flight. Their food consists of fish which they obtain by robbing gulls, terns, and other birds, of their prey. They are related to the pelicans.</cd> — <col><b>Frigate mackerel</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>an oceanic fish (<i>Auxis Rochei</i>) of little or no value as food, often very abundant off the coast of the United States.</cd> — <col><b>Frigate pelican</b></col>. <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <cd>Same as <u>Frigate bird</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Frig"ate-built"</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>Built like a frigate with a raised quarter-deck and forecastle.</def></p>

<p><hw>Frig"a*toon`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [It. <i>fregatone</i>: cf. F. <i>fr&eacute;gaton</i>. See <u>Frigate</u>.] <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>A Venetian vessel, with a square stern, having only a mainmast, jigger mast, and bowsprit; also a sloop of war ship- rigged.</def></p>

<p><hw>Frig"e*fac`tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>frigere</i> to be cold + <i>facere</i> to make.] <def>The act of making cold. [Obs.] </def></p>

<p><hw>Frig"e*fac`tive</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Cooling.</def> [Obs.] <i>Boyle.</i></p>

<p><hw>Frig"er*ate</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [L. <i>frigerare</i>, fr. <i>frigus</i> cold.] <def>To make cool.</def> [Obs.] <i>Blount.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Frigg</hw> (?), <hw>Frig"ga</hw> (?) } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Icel. <i>Frigg</i>. See <u>Friday</u>.] <i>(Scand. Myth.)</i> <def>The wife of Odin and mother of the gods; the supreme goddess; the Juno of the Valhalla. Cf. <u>Freya</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fright</hw> (fr&imacr;t), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>frigt</i>, <i>freyht</i>, AS. <i>fyrhto</i>, <i>fyrhtu</i>; akin to OS. <i>forhta</i>, OHG. <i>forhta</i>, <i>forahta</i>, G. <i>furcht</i>, Dan. <i>frygt</i>, Sw. <i>fruktan</i>, Goth. <i>fa&uacute;rhtei</i> fear, <i>fa&uacute;rhts</i> timid.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A state of terror excited by the sudden appearance of danger; sudden and violent fear, usually of short duration; a sudden alarm.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Anything strange, ugly or shocking, producing a feeling of alarm or aversion.</def> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Alarm; terror; consternation. See <u>Alarm</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Fright</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp.</i></pos> <u>Frighted</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos>. <u>Frighting</u>.] [OE. <i>frigten</i> to fear, frighten, AS. <i>fyrhtan</i> to frighten, <i>forhtian</i> to fear; akin to OS. <i>forhtian</i>, OHG. <i>furihten</i>, <i>forahtan</i>, G. <i>f&uuml;rchten</i>, Sw. <i>frukta</i>, Dan. <i>frygte</i>, Goth. <i>faurhtjan</i>. See <u>Fright</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, and cf. <u>Frighten</u>.] <def>To alarm suddenly; to shock by causing sudden fear; to terrify; to scare.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Nor exile or danger can <i>fright</i> a brave spirit.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — To affright; dismay; daunt; intimidate.</p>

<p><hw>Fright"en</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp.</i></pos> <u>Frightened</u> (#); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Frightening</u> (#).] [See <u>Fright</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>] <def>To disturb with fear; to throw into a state of alarm or fright; to affright; to terrify.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>More <i>frightened</i> than hurt.</blockquote> <i>Old Proverb.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fright"ful</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Full of fright; affrighted; frightened.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>See how the <i>frightful</i> herds run from the wood.</blockquote> <i>W. Browne.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Full of that which causes fright; exciting alarm; impressing terror; shocking; as, a <i>frightful</i> chasm, or tempest; a <i>frightful</i> appearance.</def></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Terrible; dreadful; alarming; fearful; terrific; awful; horrid; horrible; shocking. — <u>Frightful</u>, <u>Dreadful</u>, <u>Awful</u>. These words all express fear. In <i>frightful</i>, it is a sudden emotion; in <i>dreadful</i>, it is deeper and more prolonged; in <i>awful</i>, the fear is mingled with the emotion of awe, which subdues us before the presence of some invisible power. An accident may be <i>frightful</i>; the approach of death is <i>dreadful</i> to most men; the convulsions of the earthquake are <i>awful</i>.</p>

<p><hw>Fright"ful*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a frightful manner; to a frightful dagree.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fright"ful*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality of being frightful.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fright"less</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Free from fright; fearless.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Fright"ment</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Fear; terror.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Frig"id</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>frigidus</i>, fr. <i>frigere</i> to be cold; prob. akin to Gr. &?; to shudder, or perh. to &?; cold. Cf. <u>Frill</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Cold; wanting heat or warmth; of low temperature; as, a frigid climate.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Wanting warmth, fervor, ardor, fire, vivacity, etc.; unfeeling; forbidding in manner; dull and unanimated; stiff and formal; as, a <i>frigid</i> constitution; a <i>frigid</i> style; a <i>frigid</i> look or manner; <i>frigid</i> obedience or service.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Wanting natural heat or vigor sufficient to excite the generative power; impotent.</def> <i>Johnson.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Frigid zone</b></col>, <cd>that part of the earth which lies between either polar circle and its pole. It extends 23&?; 28&?; from the pole. See the Note under <u>Arctic</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>||Frig"i*da`ri*um</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Frigidaria</b></plw> (#). [L., neut. of <i>frigidarium</i> cooling.] <def>The cooling room of the Roman therm&aelig;, furnished with a cold bath.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fri*gid"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>frigiditas</i>: cf. F. <i>frigidit&eacute;</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The condition or quality of being frigid; coldness; want of warmth.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Ice is water congealed by the <i>frigidity</i> of the air.</blockquote> <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Want of ardor, animation, vivacity, etc.; coldness of affection or of manner; dullness; stiffness and formality; as, <i>frigidity</i> of a reception, of a bow, etc.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Want of heat or vigor; as, the <i>frigidity</i> of old age.</def></p>

<p><hw>Frig"id*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a frigid manner; coldly; dully; without affection.</def></p>

<p><hw>Frig"id*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The state of being frigid; want of heat, vigor, or affection; coldness; dullness.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Frig"o*rif"ic</hw> (?), <hw>Frig"o*rif`ic*al</hw> (?) } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>frigorificus</i>; <i>frigus</i>, <i>frigoris</i>, cold + <i>facere</i> to make: cf. F. <i>frigorifique</i>.] <def>Causing cold; producing or generating cold.</def> <i>Quincy.</i></p>

<p><hw>Frill</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Frilled</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Frilling</u>.] [OF. <i>friller</i>, fr. L. <i>frigidulus</i> somewhat cold, dim. of <i>frigidus</i> cold; akin to F. <i>frileux</i> chilly.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To shake or shiver as with cold; as, the hawk <i>frills</i>.</def> <i>Johnson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Photog.)</i> <def>To wrinkle; — said of the gelatin film.</def></p>

<p><hw>Frill</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To provide or decorate with a frill or frills; to turn back. in crimped plaits; as, to <i>frill</i> a cap.</def></p>

<p><hw>Frill</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Frill</u>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos>]. <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A ruffing of a bird's feathers from cold.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A ruffle, consisting of a fold of membrane, of hairs, or of feathers, around the neck of an animal.</def> See <i>Frilled lizard</i> (below). <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <def>A similar ruffle around the legs or other appendages of animals.</def> <sd><i>(d)</i></sd> <def>A ruffled varex or fold on certain shells.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A border or edging secured at one edge and left free at the other, usually fluted or crimped like a very narrow flounce.</def></p>

<p><hw>Frilled</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Furnished with a frill or frills.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Frilled lizard</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a large Australian lizard (<i>Chlamydosaurus Kingii</i>) about three feet long, which has a large, erectile frill on each side of the neck.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Frim</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. AS. <i>freme</i> good, bold, and E. <i>frame</i>.] <def>Flourishing; thriving; fresh; in good case; vigorous.</def> [Obs.] "Frim pastures." <i>Drayton.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Fri"maire`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., fr. <i>frimas</i> hoarfrost.] <def>The third month of the French republican calendar. It commenced November 21, and ended December 20., See <u>Vend&eacute;miaire</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fringe</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF, <i>fringe</i>, F. <i>frange</i>, prob. fr. L. <i>fimbria</i> fiber, thread, fringe, cf. <i>fibra</i> fiber, E. <i>fiber</i>, <i>fimbriate</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>An ornamental appendage to the border of a piece of stuff, originally consisting of the ends of the warp, projecting beyond the woven fabric; but more commonly made separate and sewed on, consisting sometimes of projecting ends, twisted or plaited together, and sometimes of loose threads of wool, silk, or linen, or narrow strips of leather, or the like.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Something resembling in any respect a fringe; a line of objects along a border or edge; a border; an edging; a margin; a confine.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The confines of grace and the <i>fringes</i> of repentance.</blockquote> <i>Jer. Taylor.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Opt.)</i> <def>One of a number of light or dark bands, produced by the interference of light; a diffraction band; — called also interference fringe.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The peristome or fringelike appendage of the capsules of most mosses. See <u>Peristome</u>.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Fringe tree</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>a small tree (<i>Chionanthus Virginica</i>), growing in the Southern United States, and having snow-white flowers, with long pendulous petals.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fringe</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Fringed</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. a.</i></pos> <u>Fringing</u>.] <def>To adorn the edge of with a fringe or as with a fringe.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Precipices <i>fringed</i> with grass.</blockquote> <i> Bryant.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Fringing reef</b></col>. <cd>See <i>Coral reefs</i>, under <u>Coral</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fringed</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Furnished with a fringe.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Fringed lear</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>a leaf edged with soft parallel hairs.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fringe"less</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having no fringe.</def></p>

<p><hw>Frin"gent</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Encircling like a fringe; bordering.</def> [R.] "The fringent air." <i>Emerson.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Frin*gil"la</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [NL., fr. L. <i>fringilla</i> a <i>chaffinch</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A genus of birds, with a short, conical, pointed bill. It formerly included all the sparrows and finches, but is now restricted to certain European finches, like the chaffinch and brambling.</def></p>

<p><hw>Frin`gil*la"ceous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Fringilline.</def></p>

<p><hw>Frin*gil"line</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Pertaining to the family <i>Fringillid&aelig;</i>; characteristic of finches; sparrowlike.</def></p>

<p><hw>Frin"gy</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Aborned with fringes.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Frip"per</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>fripier</i>, fr. <i>friper</i> to rumple, fumble, waste.] <def>One who deals in frippery or in old clothes.</def> [Obs.] <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><hw>Frip"per*er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A fripper.</def> [Obs.] <i>Johnson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Frip"per*y</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>friperie</i>, fr. <i>fruper</i>. See <u>Fripper</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Coast-off clothes.</def> [Obs.] <i>B. Jonson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Hence: Secondhand finery; cheap and tawdry decoration; affected elegance.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Fond of gauze and French <i>frippery</i>.</blockquote> <i>Goldsmith.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The gauzy <i>frippery</i> of a French translation.</blockquote> <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A place where old clothes are sold.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>The trade or traffic in old clothes.</def></p>

<p><hw>Frip"per*y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Trifling; contemptible.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Fri"seur'</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., fr. <i>friser</i> to curl, frizzle. See <u>Frizzle</u>.] <def>A hairdresser.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fri"sian</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to Friesland, a province of the Netherlands; Friesic.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fri"sian</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A native or inhabitant of Friesland; also, the language spoken in Friesland. See <u>Friesic</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></def></p>

<p><hw>Frisk</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [OF. <i>frieque</i>, cf. OHG. <i>frise</i> lively, brisk, fresh, Dan. & Sw. <i>frisk</i>, Icel. <i>friskr</i>. See <u>Fresh</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <def>Lively; brisk; frolicsome; frisky.</def> [Obs.] <i>Bp. Hall.</i></p>

<p><hw>Frisk</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>A frolic; a fit of wanton gayety; a gambol: a little playful skip or leap.</def> <i>Johnson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Frisk</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Frisked</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Frisking</u>.] <def>To leap, skip, dance, or gambol, in fronc and gayety.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>frisking</i> satyrs on the summits danced.</blockquote> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><hw>Frisk"al</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A leap or caper.</def> [Obs.] <i>B. Jonson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Frisker</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who frisks; one who leaps of dances in gayety; a wanton; an inconstant or unsettled person.</def> <i>Camden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fris"ket</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>frisguette</i>. Perh. so named from the velocity or frequency of its motion. See <u>Frisk</u> <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <i>(Print.)</i> <def>The light frame which holds the sheet of paper to the tympan in printing.</def></p>

<p><hw>Frisk"ful</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Brisk; lively; frolicsome.</def></p>

<p><hw>Frisk"i*ly'</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a frisky manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Frisk"i*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>State or quality of being frisky.</def></p>

<p><hw>Frisk"y</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Inclined to frisk; frolicsome; gay.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He is too <i>frisky</i> for an old man.</blockquote> <i>Jeffrey.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fris"let</hw> (fr&ibreve;z"l&ebreve;t), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. <u>Fraise</u> a kind of defense; also <u>Friz</u>.] <def>A kind of small ruffle.</def> <i>Halliwell.</i></p>

<p><hw>Frist</hw> (fr&ibreve;st), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [OE. <i>fristen</i>, <i>firsten</i>, to lend, give respite, postpone, AS. <i>firstan</i> to give respite to; akin to first time, G. <i>frist</i>, Icel. <i>frest</i> delay.] <def>To sell upon credit, as goods.</def> [R.] <i>Crabb.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Fri"sure`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F.] <def>The dressing of the hair by crisping or curling.</def> <i>Smollett.</i></p>

<p><hw>Frit</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>fritte</i>, fr. <i>frit</i> fried, p. p. of <i>frire</i> to fry. See <u>Far</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Glass Making)</i> <def>The material of which glass is made, after having been calcined or partly fused in a furnace, but before vitrification. It is a composition of silex and alkali, occasionally with other ingredients.</def> <i>Ure.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Ceramics)</i> <def>The material for glaze of pottery.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Frit brick</b></col>, <cd>a lump of calcined glass materials, brought to a pasty condition in a reverberatory furnace, preliminary to the perfect vitrification in the melting pot.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Frit</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Fritted</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Fritting</u>.] <def>To prepare by heat (the materials for making glass); to fuse partially.</def> <i>Ure.</i></p>

<p><hw>Frit</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To fritter; — with away.</def> [R.] <i>Ld. Lytton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Frith</hw> (fr&ibreve;th), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>firth</i>, Icel. <i>fj&ouml;r&eth;r</i>; akin to Sw. <i>fj&auml;rd</i>, Dan. <i>fiord</i>, E. <i>ford</i>. &radic;78. See <u>Ford</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, and cf. <u>Firth</u>, <u>Fiord</u>, <u>Fret</u> a frith, <u>Port</u> a harbor.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Geog.)</i> <def>A narrow arm of the sea; an estuary; the opening of a river into the sea; as, the <i>Frith</i> of Forth.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A kind of weir for catching fish.</def> [Eng.] <i>Carew.</i></p>

<p><hw>Frith</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>frith</i> peace, protection, land inclosed for hunting, park, forest, AS. <i>fri&eth;</i> peace; akin to <i>freno&eth;</i> peace, protection, asylum, G. <i>friede</i> peace, Icel. <i>fri&eth;r</i>, and from the root of E. free, friend. See <u>Free</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>, and cf. <u>Affray</u>, <u>Defray</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A forest; a woody place.</def> [Obs.] <i>Drayton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A small field taken out of a common, by inclosing it; an inclosure.</def> [Obs.] <i>Sir J. Wynne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Frith"y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Woody.</def> [Obs.] <i>Skelton.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Frit"il*la`ri*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. L. <i>fritillus</i> dicebox: cf. F. <i>fritillaire</i>. So named from the checkered markings of the petals.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A genus of liliaceous plants, of which the crown-imperial (<i>Fritillaria imperialis</i>) is one species, and the Guinea-hen flower (<i>F. Meleagris</i>) another. See <u>Crown-imperial</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Frit"il*la*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A plant with checkered petals, of the genus Fritillaria: the Guinea-hen flower. See <u>Fritillaria</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of several species of butterflies belonging to <i>Argynnis</i> and allied genera; — so called because the coloring of their wings resembles that of the common <i>Fritillaria</i>. See <u>Aphrodite</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Frit"i*nan*cy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>fritinnire</i> to twitter.] <def>A chirping or creaking, as of a cricket.</def> [Obs.] <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Frit"ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OR. <i>fritour</i>, <i>friture</i>, pancake, F. <i>friture</i> frying, a thing fried, from <i>frire</i> to fry. See <u>Far</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A small quantity of batter, fried in boiling lard or in a frying pan. Fritters are of various kinds, named from the substance inclosed in the batter; as, apple <i>fritters</i>, clam <i>fritters</i>, oyster <i>fritters</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A fragment; a shred; a small piece.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>And cut whole giants into <i>fritters</i>.</blockquote> <i>Hudibras.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Corn fritter</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Corn</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Frit"ter</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Frittered</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Frittering</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To cut, as meat, into small pieces, for frying.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To break into small pieces or fragments.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Break all nerves, and <i>fritter</i> all their sense.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><col><b>To fritter away</b></col>, <cd>to diminish; to pare off; to reduce to nothing by taking away a little at a time; also, to waste piecemeal; as, <i>to fritter away</i> time, strength, credit, etc.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Frit"ting</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Frit</u> to expose to heat.] <def>The formation of frit or slag by heat with but incipient fusion.</def></p>

<p><hw>Friv"o*lism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Frivolity.</def> [R.] <i>Pristley.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fri*vol"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Frivolities</b></plw> (#). [Cg. F. <i>frivolit&eacute;</i>. See <u>Frivolous</u>.] <def>The condition or quality of being frivolous; also, acts or habits of trifling; unbecoming levity of disposition.</def></p>

<p><! p. 598 !></p>

<p><hw>Friv"o*lous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>frivolus</i>; prob. akin to <i>friare</i> to rub, crumble, E. <i>friable</i>: cf. F. <i>frivole</i>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Of little weight or importance; not worth notice; slight; as, a <i>frivolous</i> argument.</def> <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Given to trifling; marked with unbecoming levity; silly; interested especially in trifling matters.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>His personal tastes were low and <i>frivolous</i>.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Trifling; trivial; slight; petty; worthless.</p>

<p>— <wf>Friv"o*lous*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Friv"o*lous*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Friz</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Frizzed</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Frizzing</u> (?).] [Cf. F. <i>friser</i> to curl, crisp, <i>frizzle</i>, to raise the nap (on certain stuffs); prob.akin to OFries. <i>frisle</i> hair of the head. Cf. <u>Frieze</u> kind of cloth.] [Written also <i>frizz</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To curl or form into small curls, as hair, with a crisping pin; to crisp.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>With her hair <i>frizzed</i> short up to her ears.</blockquote> <i>Pepys.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To form into little burs, prominences, knobs, or tufts, as the nap of cloth.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Leather Manufacture)</i> <def>To soften and make of even thickness by rubbing, as with pumice stone or a blunt instrument.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Frizzing machine</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <i>(Fabrics)</i> <cd>A machine for frizzing the surface of cloth.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <i>(Wood Working)</i> <cd>A bench with a revolving cutter head slightly protruding above its surface, for dressing boards.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Friz</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Frizzes</b></plw> (&?;). <def>That which is frizzed; anything crisped or curled, as a wig; a frizzle.</def> [Written also <i>frizz</i>.]</p>

<p><blockquote>He [Dr. Johnson], who saw in his glass how his wig became his face and head, might easily infer that a similar fullbottomed, well-curled <i>friz</i> of words would be no less becoming to his thoughts.</blockquote> <i>Hare.</i></p>

<p><hw>Frize</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>See 1st <u>Frieze</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Friz"el</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Firearms)</i> <def>A movable furrowed piece of steel struck by the flint, to throw sparks into the pan, in an early form of flintlock.</def> <i>Knight.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fri*zette"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>frisette</i> curl.] <def>A curl of hair or silk; a pad of frizzed hair or silk worn by women under the hair to stuff it out.</def></p>

<p><hw>Frizz</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t. & n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Friz</u>, <pos><i>v. t. & n.</i></pos></def></p>

<p><hw>Friz"zle</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Frizzled</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Frizzling</u> (?).] [Dim. of <u>friz</u>.] <def>To curl or crisp, as hair; to friz; to crinkle.</def> <i>Gay.</i></p>

<p><col><b>To frizzle up</b></col>, <cd>to crinkle or crisp excessively.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Friz"zle</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A curl; a lock of hair crisped.</def> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Friz"zler`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who frizzles.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Friz"zly</hw> (?), <hw>Friz"zy</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Curled or crisped; as, <i>frizzly</i>, hair.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fro</hw> (fr&omacr;), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> [OE. <i>fra</i>, <i>fro</i>, adv. & prep., Icel. <i>fr&amacr;</i>, akin to Dan. <i>fra</i> from, E. <i>from</i>. See <u>From</u>.] <def>From; away; back or backward; — now used only in opposition to the word <i>to</i>, in the phrase to and <i>fro</i>, that is, <i>to and from</i>. See <u>To and fro</u> under <u>To</u>.</def> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fro</hw>, <pos><i>prep.</i></pos> <def>From.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Frock</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>froc</i> a monk's cowl, coat, garment, LL. <i>frocus</i>, <i>froccus</i>, <i>flocus</i>, <i>floccus</i>, fr. L. <i>floccus</i> a flock of wool; hence orig., a flocky cloth or garment; cf. L. <i>flaccus</i> flabby, E. <i>flaccid</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A loose outer garment; especially, a gown forming a part of European modern costume for women and children; also, a coarse shirtlike garment worn by some workmen over their other clothes; a smock frock; as, a marketman's <i>frock</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A coarse gown worn by monks or friars, and supposed to take the place of all, or nearly all, other garments. It has a hood which can be drawn over the head at pleasure, and is girded by a cord.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Frock coat</b></col>, <cd>a body coat for men, usually double-breasted, the skirts not being in one piece with the body, but sewed on so as to be somewhat full.</cd> — <col><b>Smock frock</b></col>. <cd>See in the Vocabulary.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Frock</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To clothe in a frock.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To make a monk of. Cf. <u>Unfrock</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Frocked</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Clothed in a frock.</def></p>

<p><hw>Frock"less</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Destitute of a frock.</def></p>

<p><hw>Froe</hw> (fr&omacr;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Frow</u>.] <def>A dirty woman; a slattern; a frow.</def> [Obs.] "Raging frantic <i>froes</i>." <i>Draylon.</i></p>

<p><hw>Froe</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Frow</u> the tool] <def>An iron cleaver or splitting tool; a frow.</def> [U. S.] <i>Bartlett.</i></p>

<p><hw>Frog</hw> (fr&obreve;g), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>froggu</i>, <i>frocga</i> a frog (in sensel); akin to D. <i>vorsch</i>, OHG. <i>frosk</i>, G. <i>frosch</i>, Icel. <i>froskr</i>, <i>fraukr</i>, Sw. & Dan. <i>fr&ouml;</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>An amphibious animal of the genus <i>Rana</i> and related genera, of many species. Frogs swim rapidly, and take long leaps on land. Many of the species utter loud notes in the springtime.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The edible frog of Europe (<i>Rana esculenta</i>) is extensively used as food; the American bullfrog (<i>R. Catesbiana</i>) is remarkable for its great size and loud voice.</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> [Perh. akin to E. <i>fork</i>, cf. <i>frush</i> frog of a horse.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>The triangular prominence of the hoof, in the middle of the sole of the foot of the horse, and other animals; the fourchette.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Railroads)</i> <def>A supporting plate having raised ribs that form continuations of the rails, to guide the wheels where one track branches from another or crosses it.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> [Cf. <i>fraco</i> of wool or silk, L. <i>floccus</i>, E. <i>frock</i>.] <def>An oblong cloak button, covered with netted thread, and fastening into a loop instead of a button hole.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>The loop of the scabbard of a bayonet or sword.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Cross frog</b></col> <i>(Railroads)</i>, <cd>a frog adapted for tracks that cross at right angles.</cd> — <col><b>Frog cheese</b></col>, <cd>a popular name for a large puffball.</cd> — <col><b>Frog eater</b></col>, <cd>one who eats frogs; — a term of contempt applied to a Frenchman by the vulgar class of English.</cd> — <col><b>Frog fly</b></col>. <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <cd>See <u>Frog</u> hopper.</cd> — <col><b>Frog hopper</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a small, leaping, hemipterous insect living on plants. The larv&aelig; are inclosed in a frothy liquid called <i>cuckoo spit</i> or <i>frog spit</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Frog lily</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>the yellow water lily (<i>Nuphar</i>).</cd> — <col><b>Frog spit</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the frothy exudation of the <i>frog hopper</i>; — called also <i>frog spittle</i>. See <i>Cuckoo spit</i>, under <u>Cuckoo</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Frog</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To ornament or fasten (a coat, etc.) with trogs. See <u>Frog</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, 4.</def></p>

<p><hw>Frog"bit`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A European plant (<i>Hydrocharis Morsus- ran&aelig;</i>), floating on still water and propagating itself by runners. It has roundish leaves and small white flowers.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>An American plant (<i>Limnobium Spongia</i>), with similar habits.</def></p>

<p><hw>Frog"fish`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>See <u>Angler</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, 2.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>An oceanic fish of the genus <i>Antennarius</i> or <i>Pterophrynoides</i>; — called also mousefish and toadfish.</def></p>

<p><hw>Frogged</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Provided or ornamented with frogs; as, a <i>frogged</i> coat. See <u>Frog</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, 4.</def> <i>Ld. Lytton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Frog"gy</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Abounding in frogs.</def> <i>Sherwood.</i></p>

<p><hw>Frog"mouth`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of several species of Asiatic and East Indian birds of the genus <i>Batrachostomus</i> (family <i>Podargid&aelig;</i>); — so called from their very broad, flat bills.</def></p>

<p><hw>Frog"s`-bit"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Frogbit.</def></p>

<p><hw>Frog"shell`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of numerous species of marine gastropod shells, belonging to <i>Ranella</i> and allied genera.</def></p>

<p><hw>Froise</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>froise</i> cf. F. <i>froisser</i> to bruise, E. <i>frush</i> to bruise,] <def>A kind of pancake. See 1st <u>Fraise</u>.</def> [Written also <i>fraise</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Frol"ic</hw> (fr&obreve;l"&ibreve;k), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [D. <i>vroolijk</i>; akin to G. <i>fr&ouml;lich</i>, fr. <i>froh</i>, OHG. <i>fr&omacr;</i>, Dan. <i>fro</i>, OS. <i>fr&amacr;h</i>, cf. Icel. <i>fr&amacr;r</i> swift; all perh. akin to Skr. <i>pru</i> to spring up.] <def>Full of levity; dancing, playing, or frisking about; full of pranks; frolicsome; gay; merry.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>frolic</i> wind that breathes the spring.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The gay, the <i>frolic</i>, and the loud.</blockquote> <i>Waller.</i></p>

<p><hw>Frol"ic</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A wild prank; a flight of levity, or of gayety and mirth.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He would be at his <i>frolic</i> once again.</blockquote> <i>Roscommon.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A scene of gayety and mirth, as in lively play, or in dancing; a merrymaking.</def></p>

<p><hw>Frol"ic</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Frolicked</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Frolicking</u>.] <def>To play wild pranks; to play tricks of levity, mirth, and gayety; to indulge in frolicsome play; to sport.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Hither, come hither, and <i>frolic</i> and play.</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Frol"ic*ful</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Frolicsome.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Frol"ick*y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Frolicsome.</def> [Obs.] <i>Richardson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Frol"ic*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a frolicsome manner; with mirth and gayety.</def> [Obs.] <i>Beau. & Fl.</i></p>

<p><hw>Frol"ic*some</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Full of gayety and mirth; given to pranks; sportive.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Old England, who takes a <i>frolicsome</i> brain fever once every two or three years, for the benefit of her doctors.</blockquote> <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p>— <wf>Frol"ic*some*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Frol"ic*some*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>From</hw> (fr&obreve;m), <pos><i>prep.</i></pos> [AS. <i>fram</i>, <i>from</i>; akin to OS. <i>fram</i> out, OHG. & Icel. <i>fram</i> forward, Sw. <i>fram</i>, Dan. <i>frem</i>, Goth. <i>fram</i> from, prob. akin to E. <i>forth</i>. &?;202. Cf. <u>Fro</u>, <u>Foremost</u>.] <def>Out of the neighborhood of; lessening or losing proximity to; leaving behind; by reason of; out of; by aid of; — used whenever departure, setting out, commencement of action, being, state, occurrence, etc., or procedure, emanation, absence, separation, etc., are to be expressed. It is construed with, and indicates, the point of space or time at which the action, state, etc., are regarded as setting out or beginning; also, less frequently, the source, the cause, the occasion, out of which anything proceeds; — the antithesis and correlative of <i>to</i>; as, it, is one hundred miles <i>from</i> Boston to Springfield; he took his sword <i>from</i> his side; light proceeds from the sun; separate the coarse wool <i>from</i> the fine; men have all sprung <i>from</i> Adam, and often go <i>from</i> good to bad, and <i>from</i> bad to worse; the merit of an action depends on the principle <i>from</i> which it proceeds; men judge of facts <i>from</i> personal knowledge, or <i>from</i> testimony.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Experience <i>from</i> the time past to the time present.</blockquote> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The song began <i>from</i> Jove.</blockquote> <i>Drpden.</i></p>

<p><blockquote><i>From</i> high M&aelig;onia's rocky shores I came.</blockquote> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>If the wind blow any way <i>from</i> shore.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p>&fist; <i>From</i> sometimes denotes <i>away from</i>, <i>remote from</i>, <i>inconsistent with</i>. "Anything so overdone is <i>from</i> the purpose of playing." <i>Shak.</i> <i>From</i>, when joined with another preposition or an adverb, gives an opportunity for abbreviating the sentence. "There followed him great multitudes of people . . . <i>from</i> [the land] <i>beyond</i> Jordan." <i>Math. iv. 25.</i> In certain constructions, as <i>from forth</i>, <i>from out</i>, etc., the ordinary and more obvious arrangment is inverted, the sense being more distinctly <i>forth from</i>, <i>out from</i> — <i>from</i> being virtually the governing preposition, and the word the adverb. See <i>From off</i>, under <u>Off</u>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos>, and <i>From afar</i>, under <u>Afar</u>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><blockquote>Sudden partings such as press<BR> The life <i>from out</i> young hearts.</blockquote> <i>Byron.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>From"ward</hw> (?), <hw>From"wards</hw> (?), } <pos><i>prep.</i></pos> [AS. <i>framweard</i> about to depart. Cf. <u>Froward</u>] <def>A way from; — the contrary of toward.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Towards or <i>fromwards</i> the zenith.</blockquote> <i>Cheyne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Frond</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>frons</i>, <i>frondis</i>, a leafy branch, foliage.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The organ formed by the combination or union into one body of stem and leaf, and often bearing the fructification; as, the <i>frond</i> of a fern or of a lichen or seaweed; also, the peculiar leaf of a palm tree.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fron*da"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>frondatio</i>, from <i>frons</i>. See <u>Frond</u>.] <def>The act of stripping, as trees, of leaves or branches; a kind of pruning.</def> <i>Evelyn.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Fronde</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F.] <i>(F. Hist.)</i> <def>A political party in France, during the minority of Louis XIV., who opposed the government, and made war upon the court party.</def></p>

<p><hw>Frond"ed</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Furnished with fronds.</def> "Fronded palms." <i>Whittier.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fron"dent</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>frondens</i>, p. pr. of <i>frondere</i> to put forth leaves. See <u>Frond</u>.] <def>Covered with leaves; leafy; as, a <i>frondent</i> tree.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Fron*desce"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [L. <i>frondescere</i>, inchoative fr. <i>frondere</i>. See <u>Frondent</u>.] <def>To unfold leaves, as plants.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fron*des"cence</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The time at which each species of plants unfolds its leaves.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The act of bursting into leaf.</def> <i>Milne. Martyn.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Fron"deur`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F.] <i>(F. Hist.)</i> <def>A member of the Fronde.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fron*dif"er*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>frondifer frons</i> a leafy branch + ferre to bear: cf. F. <i>frondifere</i>.] <def>Producing fronds.</def></p>

<p><hw>Frond"let</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A very small frond, or distinct portion of a compound frond.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fron*dose"</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>frondosus</i> leafy.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>Frond bearing; resembling a frond; having a simple expansion not separable into stem and leaves.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>Leafy.</def> <i>Gray.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fron"dous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Frondose.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>||Frons</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., <i>front</i>.] <i>(Anal.)</i> <def>The forehead; the part of the cranium between the orbits and the vertex.</def></p>

<p><hw>Front</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>frant</i> forehead, L. <i>frons</i>, <i>frontis</i>; perh. akin to E. <i>brow</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The forehead or brow, the part of the face above the eyes; sometimes, also, the whole face.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Bless'd with his father's <i>front</i>, his mother's tongue.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Grim-visaged war hath smoothed his wrinkled <i>front</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>His <i>front</i> yet threatens, and his frowns command.</blockquote> <i>Prior.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The forehead, countenance, or personal presence, as expressive of character or temper, and especially, of boldness of disposition, sometimes of impudence; seeming; as, a bold <i>front</i>; a hardened <i>front.</i></def></p>

<p><blockquote>With smiling <i>fronts</i> encountering.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The inhabitants showed a bold <i>front</i>.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>The part or surface of anything which seems to look out, or to be directed forward; the fore or forward part; the foremost rank; the van; — the opposite to back or rear; as, the <i>front</i> of a house; the <i>front</i> of an army.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Had he his hurts before?<BR> Ay, on the <i>front</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>A position directly before the face of a person, or before the foremost part of a thing; as, in <i>front</i> of un person, of the troops, or of a house.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>The most conspicuous part.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The very head and <i>front</i> of my offending.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>That which covers the foremost part of the head: a front piece of false hair worn by women.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Like any plain Miss Smith's, who wears s front.</blockquote> <i>Mrs. Browning.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <def>The beginning.</def> "Summer's <i>front</i>." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Bastioned front</b></col> <i>(Mil.)</i>, <cd>a curtain connerting two half bastions.</cd> — <col><b>Front door</b></col>, <cd>the door in the front wall of a building, usually the principal entrance.</cd> — <col><b>Front of fortification</b></col>, <cd>the works constructed upon any one side of a polygon.</cd> <i>Farrow.</i> — <col><b>Front of operations</b></col>, <cd>all that part of the field of operations in front of the successive positions occupied by the army as it moves forward.</cd> <i>Farrow.</i> — <col><b>To come to the front</b></col>, <cd>to attain prominence or leadership.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Front</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or relating to the front or forward part; having a position in front; foremost; as, a <i>front</i> view.</def></p>

<p><hw>Front</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Fronted</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Fronting</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To oppose face to face; to oppose directly; to meet in a hostile manner.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>You four shall <i>front</i> them in the narrow lane.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To appear before; to meet.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>[Enid] daily <i>fronted</i> him<BR> In some fresh splendor.</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To face toward; to have the front toward; to confront; as, the house <i>fronts</i> the street.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>And then suddenly <i>front</i> the changed reality.</blockquote> <i>J. Morley.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To stand opposed or opposite to, or over against as, his house fronts the church.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>To adorn in front; to supply a front to; as, to <i>front</i> a house with marble; to <i>front</i> a head with laurel.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Yonder walls, that pertly <i>front</i> your town.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Front</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To have or turn the face or front in any direction; as, the house <i>fronts</i> toward the east.</def></p>

<p><hw>Front"age</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The front part of an edifice or lot; extent of front.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fron"tal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>frontal</i>.] <def>Belonging to the front part; being in front</def>; esp. <i>(Anat.)</i>, <def>Of or pertaining to the forehead or the anterior part of the roof of the brain case; as, the <i>frontal</i> bones.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fron"tal</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>frontal</i>, <i>fronteau</i>, OF. <i>Frontel</i>, <i>frontal</i>, L. <i>frontale</i> an ornament for the forehead, frontlet. See <u>Front</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Something worn on the forehead or face; a frontlet</def>; as: <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>An ornamental band for the hair.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <i>(Mil.)</i> <def>The metal face guard of a soldier.</def></p>

<p><! p. 599 !></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>A little pediment over a door or window.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Eccl.)</i> <def>A movable, decorative member in metal, carved wood, or, commonly, in rich stuff or in embroidery, covering the front of the altar. Frontals are usually changed according to the different ceremonies.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>A medicament or application for the forehead.</def> [Obs.] <i>Quincy.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>The frontal bone, or one of the two frontal bones, of the cranium.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Frontal</b></col> <col><b>hammer or helve</b></col>, <cd>a forge hammer lifted by a cam, acting upon a "tongue" immediately in front of the hammer head.</cd> <i>Raymond.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Fron"tate</hw> (?), <hw>Fron'ta*ted</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Growing broader and broader, as a leaf; truncate.</def></p>

<p><hw>Front"ed</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Formed with a front; drawn up in line.</def> "Fronted brigades." <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fron"tier</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>fronti&egrave;re</i>, LL. <i>frontaria</i>. See <u>Front</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>That part of a country which fronts or faces another country or an unsettled region; the marches; the border, confine, or extreme part of a country, bordering on another country; the border of the settled and cultivated part of a country; as, the <i>frontier</i> of civilization.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Fort.)</i> <def>An outwork.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Palisadoes, <i>frontiers</i>, parapets.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fron"tier</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Lying on the exterior part; bordering; conterminous; as, a <i>frontier</i> town.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Of or relating to a frontier.</def> "Frontier experience." <i>W. Irving.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fron"tier</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To constitute or form a frontier; to have a frontier; — with on.</def> [Obs.] <i>Sir W. Temple.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fron"tiered</hw> (?), <pos><i>p. a.</i></pos> <def>Placed on the frontiers.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Fron"tiers*man</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Frontiersmen</b></plw> (&?;). <def>A man living on the frontier.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Fron`ti*gnac"</hw> (?), <hw>Fron`ti`gnan"</hw> (&?;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [So called from <i>Frontignan</i>, a town in Southern France.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A sweet muscadine wine made in Frontignan (Languedoc), France.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A grape of many varieties and colors.</def></p>

<p><hw>Front"ing*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a fronting or facing position; opposingly.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fron`tin*iac"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Frontignac</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fron"tis*piece</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>frontispice</i>, LL. <i>frontispicium</i> beginning, front of a church, fr. L. <i>frons</i> front + <i>spicere</i>, <i>specere</i>, to look at, view: cf. It. <i>frontispizio</i>. See <u>Front</u> and <u>Spy</u>.] <def>The part which first meets the eye</def>; as: <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>The principal front of a building.</def> [Obs. or R.] <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>An ornamental figure or illustration fronting the first page, or titlepage, of a book; formerly, the titlepage itself.</def></p>

<p><hw>Front"less</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Without face or front; shameless; not diffident; impudent.</def> [Obs.] "<i>Frontless</i> vice." <i>Dryden.</i> "<i>Frontless</i> flattery." <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><hw>Front"less*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>Shamelessly; impudently.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Front"let</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. frontelet brow band, dim. of <i>frontel</i>, <i>frontal</i>. See <u>Frontal</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A frontal or brow band; a fillet or band worn on the forehead.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>They shall be as <i>frontlets</i> between thine eyes.</blockquote> <i>Deut. vi. 8.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A frown (likened to a frontlet).</def> [R. & Poetic]</p>

<p><blockquote>What makes that <i>frontlet</i> on? Methinks you are too much of late i' the frown.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The margin of the head, behind the bill of birds, often bearing rigid bristles.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fron"to-</hw> (?). [L. <i>frons</i>, <i>frontis</i>, the forehead.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>A combining form signifying <i>relating to the forehead</i> or <i>the frontal bone</i>; as, <i>fronto-</i>parietal, relating to the frontal and the parietal bones; <i>fronto-</i>nasal, etc.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Fron`ton"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., a pediment. See <u>Front</u>.] <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Frontal</u>, 2.</def> </p>

<p><hw>Frop"pish</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. <u>Frap</u>, <u>Frape</u>.] <def>Peevish; froward.</def> [Obs.] <i>Clarendon.</i></p>

<p><hw>Frore</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> [See <u>Frorn</u>.] <def>Frostily.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>The parching air<BR> Burns <i>frore</i>, and cold performs the effect of fire.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Frorn</hw> (?), <pos><i>p. a.</i></pos> [AS. <i>froren</i>, p. p. of <i>fre&oacute;sun</i> to freeze. See <u>Freeze</u>.] <def>Frozen.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Well nigh <i>frorn</i> I feel.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fro"ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [AS. <i>fre&oacute;rig</i>. See <u>Frorn</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Frozen; stiff with cold.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Covered with a froth like hoarfrost.</def> [Archaic]</p>

<p><blockquote>The foaming steed with <i>frory</i> bit to steer.</blockquote> <i>Fairfax.</i></p>

<p><hw>Frost</hw> (fr&obreve;st; 115), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>frost</i>, <i>forst</i>, AS. <i>forst</i>, <i>frost</i>. fr. <i>fre&oacute;san</i> to freeze; akin to D. <i>varst</i>, G., OHG., Icel., Dan., & Sw. <i>frost</i>. &radic;18. See <u>Freeze</u>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of freezing; — applied chiefly to the congelation of water; congelation of fluids.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The state or temperature of the air which occasions congelation, or the freezing of water; severe cold or freezing weather.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The third bay comes a <i>frost</i>, a killing <i>frost</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Frozen dew; — called also <i>hoarfrost</i> or <i>white frost</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He scattereth the hoar<i>frost</i> like ashes.</blockquote> <i>Ps. cxlvii. 16.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Coldness or insensibility; severity or rigidity of character.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>It was of those moments of intense feeling when the <i>frost</i> of the Scottish people melts like a snow wreath.</blockquote> <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Black frost</b></col>, <cd>cold so intense as to freeze vegetation and cause it to turn black, without the formation of hoarfrost.</cd> — <col><b>Frost bearer</b></col> <i>(Physics)</i>, <cd>a philosophical instrument illustrating the freezing of water in a vacuum; a cryophorus.</cd> — <col><b>Frost grape</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>an American grape, with very small, acid berries.</cd> — <col><b>Frost lamp</b></col>, <cd>a lamp placed below the oil tube of an Argand lamp to keep the oil limpid on cold nights; — used especially in lighthouses.</cd> <i>Knight.</i> — <col><b>Frost nail</b></col>, <cd>a nail with a sharp head driven into a horse's shoe to keep him from slipping.</cd> — <col><b>Frost smoke</b></col>, <cd>an appearance resembling smoke, caused by congelation of vapor in the atmosphere in time of severe cold.</cd></p>

<p><blockquote>The brig and the ice round her are covered by a strange black<BR> obscurity: it is the <i>frost</i> smoke of arctic winters.</blockquote> <i>Kane.</i></p>

<p>— <col><b>Frost valve</b></col>, <cd>a valve to drain the portion of a pipe, hydrant, pump, etc., where water would be liable to freeze.</cd> — <col><b>Jack Frost</b></col>, <cd>a popular personification of frost.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Frost</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Frosted</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Frosting</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To injure by frost; to freeze, as plants.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To cover with hoarfrost; to produce a surface resembling frost upon, as upon cake, metals, or glass.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>While with a hoary light she <i>frosts</i> the ground.</blockquote> <i>Wordsworth.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To roughen or sharpen, as the nail heads or calks of horseshoes, so as to fit them for frosty weather.</def></p>

<p><hw>Frost"bird</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The golden plover.</def></p>

<p><hw>Frost"bite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The freezing, or effect of a freezing, of some part of the body, as the ears or nose.</def> <i>Kane.</i><BR> [1913 Webster]</p>

<p><hw>Frost`bite"</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To expose to the effect of frost, or a frosty air; to blight or nip with frost.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>My wife up and with Mrs. Pen to walk in the fields to <i>frostbite</i> themselves.</blockquote> <i>Pepys.</i></p>

<p><hw>Frost`-bit"ten</hw> (?), <pos><i>p. a.</i></pos> <def>Nipped, withered, or injured, by frost or freezing.</def></p>

<p><hw>Frost`-blite"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A plant of the genus <i>Atriplex</i>; orache.</def> <i>Gray.</i> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The lamb's- quarters (<i>Chenopodium album</i>).</def> <i>Dr. Prior.</i></p>

<p><hw>Frost"ed</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Covered with hoarfrost or anything resembling hoarfrost; ornamented with frosting; also, frost-bitten; as, a <i>frosted</i> cake; <i>frosted</i> glass.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Frosted</i> work is introduced as a foil or contrast to burnished work.</blockquote> <i>Knight.</i></p>

<p><hw>Frost`fish"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The tomcod; — so called because it is abundant on the New England coast in autumn at about the commencement of frost. See <u>Tomcod</u>.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The smelt.</def> [Local, U. S.] <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <def>A name applied in New Zealand to the scabbard fish (<i>Lepidotus</i>) valued as a food fish.</def></p>

<p><hw>Frost"i*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a frosty manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Frost"i*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>State or quality of being frosty.</def></p>

<p><hw>Frost"ing</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A composition of sugar and beaten egg, used to cover or ornament cake, pudding, etc.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A lusterless finish of metal or glass; the process of producing such a finish.</def></p>

<p><hw>Frost"less</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Free from frost; as, a <i>frostless</i> winter.</def></p>

<p><hw>Frost"weed`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>An American species of rockrose (<i>Helianthemum Canadense</i>), sometimes used in medicine as an astringent or aromatic tonic.</def></p>

<p>&fist; It has large yellow flowers which are often sterile, and later it has abundant but inconspicuous flowers which bear seed. It is so called because, late in autumn, crystals of ice shoot from the cracked bark at the root; — called also frostwort.</p>

<p><hw>Frost`work"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The figurework, often fantastic and delicate, which moisture sometimes forms in freezing, as upon a window pane or a flagstone.</def></p>

<p><hw>Frost`wort"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Frostweed</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Frost"y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. AS. <i>fyrstig</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Attended with, or producing, frost; having power to congeal water; cold; freezing; as, a <i>frosty</i> night.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Covered with frost; as, the grass is <i>frosty</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Chill in affection; without warmth of affection or courage.</def> <i>Johnson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Appearing as if covered with hoarfrost; white; gray-haired; as, a <i>frosty</i> head.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Frote</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [F. <i>frotter</i>.] <def>To rub or wear by rubbing; to chafe.</def> [Obs.] <i>B. Jonson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fro"ter*er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who frotes; one who rubs or chafes.</def> [Obs.] <i>Marston.</i></p>

<p><hw>Froth</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>frothe</i>, Icel. <i>fro&eth;a</i>; akin to Dan. <i>fraade</i>, Sw. <i>fradga</i>, AS. <i>&amacr;freo&eth;an</i> to froth.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The bubbles caused in fluids or liquors by fermentation or agitation; spume; foam; esp., a spume of saliva caused by disease or nervous excitement.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Any empty, senseless show of wit or eloquence; rhetoric without thought.</def> <i>Johnson.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>It was a long speech, but all <i>froth</i>.</blockquote> <i>L'Estrange.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Light, unsubstantial matter.</def> <i>Tusser.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Froth insect</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the cuckoo spit or frog hopper; — called also <i>froth spit</i>, <i>froth worm</i>, and <i>froth fly</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Froth spit</b></col>. <cd>See <i>Cuckoo spit</i>, under Cuckoo.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Froth</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Frothed</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos>. <u>Frothing</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To cause to foam.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To spit, vent, or eject, as froth.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He . . . <i>froths</i> treason at his mouth.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Is your spleen <i>frothed</i> out, or have ye more?</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To cover with froth; as, a horse <i>froths</i> his chain.</def></p>

<p><hw>Froth</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To throw up or out spume, foam, or bubbles; to foam; as beer <i>froths</i>; a horse <i>froths</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Froth"i*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a frothy manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Froth"i*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>State or quality of being frothy.</def></p>

<p><hw>Froth"ing</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Exaggerated declamation; rant.</def></p>

<p><hw>Froth"less</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Free from froth.</def></p>

<p><hw>Froth"y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<pos><i>Compar.</i></pos> <u>Frothier</u> (?); <pos><i>superl.</i></pos> <u>Frothiest</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Full of foam or froth, or consisting of froth or light bubbles; spumous; foamy.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Not firm or solid; soft; unstable.</def> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Of the nature of froth; light; empty; unsubstantial; as, a <i>frothy</i> speaker or harangue.</def> <i>Tillotson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Frounce</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Frounced</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Frouncing</u> (?).] [OE. <i>frouncen</i>, <i>fronsen</i>, to told, wrinkle, OF. <i>froncier</i>, F. <i>froncer</i>, perh. fr. an assumed LL. <i>frontiare</i> to wrinkle the forehead, L. <i>frons</i> forehead. See <u>Front</u>, and cf. <u>Flounce</u> part of a dress.] <def>To gather into or adorn with plaits, as a dress; to form wrinkles in or upon; to curl or frizzle, as the hair.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Not tricked and <i>frounced</i>, as she was wont.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Frounce</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To form wrinkles in the forehead; to manifest displeasure; to frown.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>The Commons <i>frounced</i> and stormed.</blockquote> <i> Holland.</i></p>

<p><hw>Frounce</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A wrinkle, plait, or curl; a flounce; — also, a frown.</def> [Obs.] <i>Beau. & Fl.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>An affection in hawks, in which white spittle gathers about the hawk's bill.</def> <i>Booth.</i></p>

<p><hw>Frounce"less</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Without frounces.</def> <i>Rom. of R.</i></p>

<p><hw>Frou"zy</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Prov. E. <i>frouzy</i> froward, peevish, offensive to the eye or smell; cf. <i>froust</i> a musty smell, frouse to rumple, frouze to curl, and E. <i>frounce</i>, <i>frowy</i>.] <def>Fetid, musty; rank; disordered and offensive to the smell or sight; slovenly; dingy. See <u>Frowzy</u>.</def> "Petticoats in <i>frouzy</i> heaps." <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><hw>Frow</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [D. <i>vrouw</i>; akin to G. <i>frau</i> woman, wife, goth, <i>fr&aacute;uja</i> master, lord, AS. <i>fre&aacute;</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A woman; especially, a Dutch or German woman.</def> <i>Beau. & Fl.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A dirty woman; a slattern.</def> [Prov. Eng.] <i>Halliwell.</i></p>

<p><hw>Frow</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. <u>Frower</u>.] <def>A cleaving tool with handle at right angles to the blade, for splitting cask staves and shingles from the block; a frower.</def></p>

<p><hw>Frow</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Brittle.</def> [Obs.] <i>Evelyn.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fro"ward</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Fro</i> + <i>- ward</i>. See <u>Fro</u>, and cf. <u>Fromward</u>.] <def>Not willing to yield or compIy with what is required or is reasonable; perverse; disobedient; peevish; as, a <i>froward</i> child.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A <i>froward</i> man soweth strife.</blockquote> <i>Prov. xvi. 28.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>A <i>froward</i> retention of custom is as turbulent a thing as innovation.</blockquote> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Untoward; wayward; unyielding; ungovernable: refractory; obstinate; petulant; cross; peevish. See <u>Perverse</u>.</p>

<p>— <wf>Fro"ward*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Fro"ward*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Frow"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. <i>frow</i> a frower, and Prov. E, <i>frommard</i>.] <def>A tool. See 2d <u>Frow</u>.</def> <i>Tusser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Frow"ey</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See <u>Frow</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <i>(Carp.)</i> <def>Working smoothly, or without splitting; — said of timber.</def></p>

<p><hw>Frown</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. &, p. p.</i></pos> <u>Frowned</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Frowning</u>.] [OF. <i>froignier</i>, F. <i>frogner</i>, <i>in se refrogner</i>, <i>se renfrogner</i>, to knit the brow, to frown; perh. of Teutonic origin; cf. It. <i>in frigno</i> wrinkled, frowning, Prov. It. <i>frignare</i> to cringe the face, to make a wry face, dial. Sw. <i>fryna</i> to make a wry face,] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To contract the brow in displeasure, severity, or sternness; to scowl; to put on a stern, grim, or surly look.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>frowning</i> wrinkle of her brow.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To manifest displeasure or disapprobation; to look with disfavor or threateningly; to lower; as, polite society <i>frowns</i> upon rudeness.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The sky doth <i>frown</i> and lower upon our army.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Frown</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To repress or repel by expressing displeasure or disapproval; to rebuke with a look; as, <i>frown</i> the impudent fellow into silence.</def></p>

<p><hw>Frown</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A wrinkling of the face in displeasure, rebuke, etc.; a sour, severe, or stere look; a scowl.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>His front yet threatens, and his <i>frowns</i> command.</blockquote> <i>Prior.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Her very <i>frowns</i> are fairer far<BR> Than smiles of other maidens are.</blockquote> <i>H. Coleridge.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Any expression of displeasure; as, the <i>frowns</i> of Providence; the <i>frowns</i> of Fortune.</def></p>

<p><hw>Frown"ing*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a frowning manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Frown"y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Frowning; scowling.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Her <i>frowny</i> mother's ragged shoulder.</blockquote> <i>Sir F. Palgrave.</i></p>

<p><hw>Frow"y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. <u>Frowzy</u>, <u>Frouzy</u>.] <def>Musty. rancid; as, <i>frowy</i> butter.</def> "<i>Frowy</i> feed." <i>Spenser</i></p>

<p><hw>Frow"zy</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See <u>Frouzy</u>.] <def>Slovenly; unkempt; untidy; frouzy.</def> "With head all <i>frowzy</i>." <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>frowzy</i> soldiers' wives hanging out clothes.</blockquote> <i>W. D. Howells.</i></p>

<p><hw>Froze</hw> (?), <def><pos><i>imp.</i></pos> of <u>Freeze</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fro"zen</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Congealed with cold; affected by freezing; as, a <i>frozen</i> brook.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>They warmed their <i>frozen</i> feet.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Subject to frost, or to long and severe cold; chilly; as, the <i>frozen</i> north; the <i>frozen</i> zones.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Cold-hearted; unsympathetic; unyielding.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Be not ever <i>frozen</i>, coy.</blockquote> <i>T. Carew.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fro"zen*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A state of being frozen.</def></p>

<p><hw>Frub"ish</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [See <u>Furbish</u>.] <def>To rub up: to furbish.</def> [Obs.] <i>Beau. c& Et.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fruc"ted</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>fructus</i> fruit. See <u>Fruit</u>.] <i>(Her.)</i> <def>Bearing fruit; — said of a tree or plant so represented upon an escutcheon.</def> <i>Cussans.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fruc*tes"cence</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>fructus</i> fruit.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The maturing or ripening of fruit.</def> [R.] <i>Martyn.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fruc*tic"u*lose`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Fruitful; full of fruit.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Fruc`ti`dor"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., fr. L. <i>fructus</i> fruit.] <def>The twelfth month of the French republican calendar; — commencing August 18, and ending September 16. See <u>Vend&eacute;miaire</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Fruc*tif"er*uos</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>fructifer</i>; <i>fructus</i> fruit + <i>ferre</i> to bear; cf. F. <i>fructif&egrave;re</i>.] <def>Bearing or producing fruit.</def> <i>Boyle.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Fruc`ti*fi*ca"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>fructificatio</i>: cf. F. <i>fructification</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of forming or producing fruit; the act of fructifying, or rendering productive of fruit; fecundation.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The prevalent <i>fructification</i> of plants.</blockquote> <i>Sir T. Brown.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The collective organs by which a plant produces its fruit, or seeds, or reproductive spores.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The process of producing fruit, or seeds, or spores.</def></p>

<p><! p. 600 !></p>

<p><hw>Fruc"ti*fy</hw> (fr&ubreve;k"t&ibreve;*f&imacr;), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [F. <i>fructifier</i>, L. <i>fructificare</i>; <i>fructus</i> fruit + <i>-ficare</i> (only in comp.), akin to L. <i>facere</i> to make. See <u>Fruit</u>, and <u>Fact</u>.] <def>To bear fruit.</def> "Causeth the earth to <i>fructify</i>." <i>Beveridge.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fruc"ti*fy</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Fructified</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Fructifying</u>.] <def>To make fruitful; to render productive; to fertilize; as, to <i>fructify</i> the earth.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fruc*tose"</hw> (fr&ubreve;k*t&omacr;s" <i>or</i> fr&ubreve;k"t&omacr;s), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>fructus</i> fruit.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Fruit sugar; levulose.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Fruc"tu*a*ry</hw> (fr&ubreve;k"t&usl;*&asl;*r&ybreve;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Fructuaries</b></plw> (- r&ibreve;z). [L. <i>fructuarius</i>.] <def>One who enjoys the profits, income, or increase of anything.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Kings are not proprietors nor <i>fructuaries</i>.</blockquote> <i>Prynne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fruc"tu*a`tion</hw> (-&amacr;"sh&ubreve;n), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Produce; fruit.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Fruc"tu*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>fructuosus</i>: cf, F. <i>fructueux</i>.] <def>Fruitful; productive; profitable.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Nothing <i>fructuous</i> or profitable.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p>— <wf>Fruc"tu*ous*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Fruc"tu*ous*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Fruc"ture</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>frui</i>, <i>p. p. fructus</i>, to enjoy. See <u>Fruit</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <def>Use; fruition; enjoyment.</def> [Obs.] <i>Cotgrave.</i></p>

<p><hw>Frue" van"ner</hw> (?). [Etymol. uncertain.] <i>(Mining)</i> <def>A moving, inclined, endless apron on which ore is concentrated by a current of water; a kind of buddle.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fru"gal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>frugalis</i>, fr. <i>frugi</i>, lit., for <i>fruit</i>; hence, fit for food, useful, proper, temperate, the dative of <i>frux</i>, <i>frugis</i>, fruit, akin to E. <i>fruit</i>: cf. F. <i>frugal</i>. See <u>Fruit</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Economical in the use or appropriation of resources; not wasteful or lavish; wise in the expenditure or application of force, materials, time, etc.; characterized by frugality; sparing; economical; saving; as, a <i>frugal</i> housekeeper; <i>frugal</i> of time.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I oft admire<BR> How Nature, wise and <i>frugal</i>, could commit<BR> Such disproportions.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Obtained by, or appropriate to, economy; as, a frugal fortune.</def> "<i>Frugal</i> fare." <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fru*gal"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Frugalities</b></plw> (#). [L. <i>frugalitas</i>: cf. F. <i>frugalit&eacute;</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The quality of being frugal; prudent economy; that careful management of anything valuable which expends nothing unnecessarily, and applies what is used to a profitable purpose; thrift; —- opposed to <i>extravagance</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Frugality</i> is founded on the principle that all riches have<BR> limits.</blockquote> <i>Burke.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A sparing use; sparingness; as, frugality of praise.</def></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Economy; parsimony. See <u>Economy</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Fru"gal*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>Thriftily; prudently.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fru"gal*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Quality of being frugal; frugality.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fru*gif"er*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>frugifer</i>; <i>frux</i>, <i>frugis</i>, fruit + <i>ferre</i> to bear: cf. F. <i>frugifere</i>.] <def>Producing fruit; fruitful; fructiferous.</def> <i>Dr. H. More.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Fru*giv"o*ra</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Frugivorous</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The fruit bate; a group of the Cheiroptera, comprising the bats which live on fruits. See <i>Eruit bat</i>, under <u>Fruit</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fru*giv"o*rous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>frux</i>, <i>frugis</i>, fruit + <i>vorare</i> to devour.: cf. F. <i>frugivore</i>.] <def>Feeding on fruit, as birds and other animals.</def> <i>Pennant.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fruit</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>fruit</i>, <i>frut</i>, F. <i>fruit</i>, from L. <i>fructus</i> enjoyment, product, fruit, from <i>frui</i>, p. p. <i>fructus</i>, to enjoy; akin to E. <i>brook</i>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> See <u>Brook</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>, and cf. <u>Fructify</u>, <u>Frugal</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Whatever is produced for the nourishment or enjoyment of man or animals by the processes of vegetable growth, as corn, grass, cotton, flax, etc.; — commonly used in the plural.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Six years thou shalt sow thy land, and shalt gather in the<BR> <i>fruits</i> thereof.</blockquote> <i>Ex. xxiii. 10.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Hort.)</i> <def>The pulpy, edible seed vessels of certain plants, especially those grown on branches above ground, as apples, oranges, grapes, melons, berries, etc. See 3.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The ripened ovary of a flowering plant, with its contents and whatever parts are consolidated with it.</def></p>

<p>&fist; Fruits are classified as <i>fleshy</i>, <i>drupaceous</i>, and <i>dry</i>. <i>Fleshy fruits</i> include berries, gourds, and melons, orangelike fruits and pomes; <i>drupaceous fruits</i> are stony within and fleshy without, as peaches, plums, and cherries; and <i>dry fruits</i> are further divided into <i>achenes</i>, <i>follicles</i>, <i>legumes</i>, <i>capsules</i>, <i>nuts</i>, and several other kinds.<BR> [1913 Webster]</p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The spore cases or conceptacles of flowerless plants, as of ferns, mosses, algae, etc., with the spores contained in them.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>The produce of animals; offspring; young; as, the <i>fruit</i> of the womb, of the loins, of the body.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>King Edward's <i>fruit</i>, true heir to the English crown.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>That which is produced; the effect or consequence of any action; advantageous or desirable product or result; disadvantageous or evil consequence or effect; as, the <i>fruits</i> of labor, of self-denial, of intemperance.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>fruit</i> of rashness.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>What I obtained was the <i>fruit</i> of no bargain.</blockquote> <i>Burke.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>They shall eat the <i>fruit</i> of their doings.</blockquote> <i>Is. iii 10.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>fruits</i> of this education became visible.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p>&fist; <i>Fruit</i> is frequently used adjectively, signifying <i>of</i>, <i>for</i>, <i>or pertaining to</i> a <i>fruit</i> or <i>fruits</i>; as, <i>fruit</i> bud; <i>fruit</i> frame; <i>fruit</i> jar; <i>fruit</i> knife; <i>fruit</i> loft; <i>fruit</i> show; <i>fruit</i> stall; <i>fruit</i> tree; etc.</p>

<p><col><b>Fruit bat</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>one of the Frugivora; — called also <i>fruit-eating bat</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Fruit bud</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>a bud that produces fruit; — in most oplants the same as the power bud.</cd> <col><b>Fruit dot</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>a collection of fruit cases, as in ferns.</cd> See <u>Sorus</u>. — <col><b>Fruit fly</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a small dipterous insect of the genus <i>Drosophila</i>, which lives in fruit, in the larval state.</cd> — <col><b>Fruit jar</b></col>, <cd>a jar for holding preserved fruit, usually made of glass or earthenware.</cd> — <col><b>Fruit pigeon</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>one of numerous species of pigeons of the family <i>Carpophagid&aelig;</i>, inhabiting India, Australia, and the Pacific Islands. They feed largely upon fruit. and are noted for their beautiful colors.</cd> — <col><b>Fruit sugar</b></col> <i>(Chem.)</i>, <cd>a kind of sugar occurring, naturally formed, in many ripe fruits, and in honey; levulose. The name is also, though rarely, applied to <i>invert sugar</i>, or to the natural mixture or dextrose and levulose resembling it, and found in fruits and honey.</cd> — <col><b>Fruit tree</b></col> <i>(Hort.)</i>, <cd>a tree cultivated for its edible fruit.</cd> — <col><b>Fruit worm</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>one of numerous species of insect larv&aelig;: which live in the interior of fruit. They are mostly small species of Lepidoptera and Diptera.</cd> — <col><b>Small fruits</b></col> <i>(Hort.)</i>, <cd>currants, raspberries, strawberries, etc.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fruit</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To bear fruit.</def> <i>Chesterfield.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fruit"age</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>fruitage</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Fruit, collectively; fruit, in general; fruitery.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The trees . . . ambrosial <i>fruitage</i> bear.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Product or result of any action; effect, good or ill.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fruit"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>A ship for carrying fruit.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fruit"er*er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>fruitier</i>.] <def>One who deals in fruit; a seller of fruits.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fruit"er*ess</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A woman who sells fruit.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fruit"er*y</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Fruiteries</b></plw> (#). [F. <i>fruiterie</i> place where fruit is kept, in OF. also, <i>fruitage</i>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Fruit, taken collectively; fruitage.</def> <i>J. Philips.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A repository for fruit.</def> <i>Johnson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fruit"es*tere</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A fruiteress.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Fruit"ful</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Full of fruit; producing fruit abundantly; bearing results; prolific; fertile; liberal; bountiful; as, a <i>fruitful</i> tree, or season, or soil; a <i>fruitful</i> wife.</def> — <wf>Fruit"ful*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Fruit"ful*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><blockquote>Be <i>fruitful</i> and multiply and replenish the earth.</blockquote> <i>Gen. i. 28.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>[Nature] By disburdening grows<BR> More <i>fruitful</i>.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The great <i>fruitfulness</i> of the poet's fancy.</blockquote> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Fertile; prolific; productive; fecund; plentiful; rich; abundant; plenteous. See <u>Fertile</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Fruit"ing</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pertaining to, or producing, fruit.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fruit"ing</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The bearing of fruit.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fru*i"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>fruition</i>, L. <i>fruitio</i>, enjoyment, fr. L. <i>frui</i>, p. p. <i>fruitus</i>, to use or enjoy. See <u>Fruit</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <def>Use or possession of anything, especially such as is accompanied with pleasure or satisfaction; pleasure derived from possession or use.</def> "Capacity of <i>fruition</i>." <i>Rogers.</i> "Godlike <i>fruition</i>." <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Where I may have <i>fruition</i> of her love.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fru"i*tive</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See <u>Fruition</u>.] <def>Enjoying; possessing.</def> [Obs.] <i>Boyle.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fruit"less</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Lacking, or not bearing, fruit; barren; destitute of offspring; as, a <i>fruitless</i> tree or shrub; a <i>fruitless</i> marriage.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Productive of no advantage or good effect; vain; idle; useless; unprofitable; as, a <i>fruitless</i> attempt; a <i>fruitless</i> controversy.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>They in mutual accusation spent<BR> The <i>fruitless</i> hours.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Useless; barren; unprofitable; abortive; ineffectual; vain; idle; profitless. See <u>Useless</u>.</p>

<p>— <wf>Fruit"less*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Fruit"lness*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Fruit'y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having the odor, taste, or appearance of fruit; also, fruitful.</def> <i>Dickens.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fru"men*ta"ceous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>frumentaceus</i>, fr. <i>frumentum</i> corn or grain, from the root of <i>frux</i> fruit: cf. F. <i>frumentac&eacute;</i>. See <u>Frugal</u>.] <def>Made of, or resembling, wheat or other grain.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fru`men*ta"ri*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. frumentarius.] <def>Of or pertaining to wheat or grain.</def> [R.] <i>Coles.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fru`men*ta"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>frumentatio</i>.] <i>(Rom. Antiq.)</i> <def>A largess of grain bestowed upon the people, to quiet them when uneasy.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fru"men*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>froment&eacute;e</i>, fr. L. <i>frumentum</i>. See <u>Frumentaceous</u>.] <def>Food made of hulled wheat boiled in milk, with sugar, plums, etc.</def> [Written also <i>furmenty</i> and <i>furmity</i>.] <i>Halliwell.</i></p>

<p><hw>Frump</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [Cf. Prov. E. <i>frumple</i> to wrinkle, ruffle, D. <i>frommelen</i>.] <def>To insult; to flout; to mock; to snub.</def> [Obs.] <i>Beau. & Fl.</i></p>

<p><hw>Frump</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A contemptuous speech or piece of conduct; a gibe or flout.</def> [Obs.] <i>Beau. & Fl.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A cross, old-fashioned person; esp., an old woman; a gossip.</def> [Colloq.] <i>Halliwell.</i></p>

<p><hw>Frump"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A mocker.</def> [Obs.] <i>Cotgrave.</i></p>

<p><hw>Frump"ish</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Cross-tempered; scornful.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Old-fashioned, as a woman's dress.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Our Bell . . . looked very <i>frumpish</i>.</blockquote> <i>Foote.</i></p>

<p><hw>Frush</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [F. <i>froisser</i> to bruise. Cf. <u>Froise</u>.] <def>To batter; to break in pieces.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>I like thine armor well;<BR> I'll <i>frush</i> it and unlock the rivets all.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Frush</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Easily broken; brittle; crisp.</def></p>

<p><hw>Frush</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Noise; clatter; crash.</def> [R.] <i>Southey.</i></p>

<p><hw>Frush</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. OE. <i>frosch</i>, <i>frosk</i>, a frog (the animal), G. <i>frosch</i> frog (the animal), also carney or lampass of horses. See <u>Frog</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, 2.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Far.)</i> <def>The frog of a horse's foot.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A discharge of a fetid or ichorous matter from the frog of a horse's foot; — also caled <i>thrush.</i></def></p>

<p><hw>Frus"tra*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>frustrabilis</i>: cf. F. <i>frustable</i>.] <def>Capable of beeing frustrated or defeated.</def></p>

<p><hw>Frus*tra"ne*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See <u>Frustrate</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <def>Vain; useless; unprofitable.</def> [Obs.] <i>South.</i></p>

<p><hw>Frus"trate</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>frustratus</i>, p. p. of <i>frustrare</i>, <i>frustrari</i>, to deceive, frustrate, fr. <i>frustra</i> in vain, witout effect, in erorr, prob. for <i>frudtra</i> and akin to <i>fraus</i>, E. <i>fraud</i>.] <def>Vain; ineffectual; useless; unprofitable; null; voil; nugatory; of no effect.</def> "Our <i>frustrate</i> search." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Frus"trate</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Frustrated</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Frustrating</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To bring to nothing; to prevent from attaining a purpose; to disappoint; to defeat; to baffle; as, to <i>frustrate</i> a plan, design, or attempt; to <i>frustrate</i> the will or purpose.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Shall the adversary thus obtain<BR> His end and <i>frustrate</i> thine ?</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To make null; to nullifly; to render invalid or of no effect; as, to <i>frustrate</i> a conveyance or deed.</def></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — To balk; thwart; foil; baffle; defeat.</p>

<p><hw>Frus"trate*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In vain.</def> [Obs.] <i>Vicars.</i></p>

<p><hw>Frus*tra"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>frustratio</i>: cf. OF. <i>frustration</i>.] <def>The act of frustrating; disappointment; defeat; as, the <i>frustration</i> of one's designs</def></p>

<p><hw>Frus"tra*tive</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Tending to defeat; fallacious.</def> [Obs.] <i>Ainsworth.</i></p>

<p><hw>Frus"tra*to*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>frustratorius</i>: cf. F. <i>frustratoire</i>.] <def>Making void; rendering null; as, a frustratory appeal.</def> [Obs.] <i>Ayliffe.</i></p>

<p><hw>Frus"tule</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>frustulum</i>, dim. fr. <i>frustum</i> a piece: cf. F. <i>frustule</i>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The siliceous shell of a diatom. It is composed of two valves, one overlapping the other, like a pill box and its cover.</def></p>

<p><hw>Frus"tu*lent</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>frustulentus</i>. See <u>Frustule</u>.] <def>Abounding in fragments.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>||Frus"tum</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> L. <plw><b>Frusta</b></plw> (#), E. <plw><b>Frustums</b></plw> (#). [L. <i>fruslum</i> piece, bit.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Geom.)</i> <def>The part of a solid next the base, formed by cutting off the, top; or the part of any solid, as of a cone, pyramid, etc., between two planes, which may be either parallel or inclined to each other.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>One of the drums of the shaft of a column.</def></p>

<p><hw>Frut"age</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. <u>Fruitage</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A picture of fruit; decoration by representation of fruit.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The cornices consist of <i>frutages</i> and festoons.</blockquote> <i>Evelyn.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A confection of fruit.</def> [Obs.] <i>Nares.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fru*tes"cent</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>frutex</i>, <i>fruticis</i>, shrub, bush: cf. F. <i>frutescent</i>, L. <i>fruticescens</i>, <i>p. pr.</i>] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Somewhat shrubby in character; imperfectly shrubby, as the American species of Wistaria.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Fru"tex</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A plant having a woody, durable stem, but less than a tree; a shrub.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fru"ti*cant</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>fruticans</i>, <i>p. pr.</i> of <i>fruticare</i>, to become bushy, fr. <i>frutex</i>, fruticis, shrub.] <def>Full of shoots.</def> [Obs.] <i>Evelyn.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fru"ti*cose`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>fruticosus</i>, from frutex, <i>fruticis</i>, shrub] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Pertaining to a shrub or shrubs; branching like a shrub; shrubby; shrublike; as, a <i>fruticose</i> stem.</def> <i>Gray.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fru"ti*cous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Fruticose.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Fru*tic"u*lose`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Dim. fr. L. <i>fruticosus</i> bushy: cf. F. <i>fruticuleux</i>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Like, or pertaining to, a small shrub.</def> <i>Gray.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fry</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Fried</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Frying</u>.] [OE. <i>frien</i>, F. <i>frire</i>, fr. L. frigere to roast, parch, <i>fry</i>, cf. Gr. &?;, Skr. <i>bhrajj</i>. Cf. <u>Fritter</u>.] <def>To cook in a pan or on a griddle (esp. with the use of fat, butter, or olive oil) by heating over a fire; to cook in boiling lard or fat; as, to <i>fry</i> fish; to <i>fry</i> doughnuts.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fry</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To undergo the process of frying; to be subject to the action of heat in a frying pan, or on a griddle, or in a kettle of hot fat.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To simmer; to boil.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>With crackling flames a caldron <i>fries</i>.</blockquote> <i>Dryden</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The frothy billows <i>fry</i>.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To undergo or cause a disturbing action accompanied with a sensation of heat.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>To keep the oil from <i>frying</i> in the stomach.</blockquote> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To be agitated; to be greatly moved.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>What kindling motions in their breasts do <i>fry</i>.</blockquote> <i>Fairfax.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fry</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A dish of anything fried.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A state of excitement; as, to be in a <i>fry</i>.</def> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><hw>Fry</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>fri</i>, <i>fry</i>, seed, descendants, cf. OF. <i>froye</i> spawning, spawn of. fishes, little fishes, fr. L. <i>fricare</i> tosub (see <u>Friction</u>), but cf. also Icel. <i>fr&aelig;</i>, <i>frj&omacr;</i>, seed, Sw. & Dan. <i>fr&ouml;</i>, Goth. <i>fraiw</i> seed, descendants.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The young of any fish.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A swarm or crowd, especially of little fishes; young or small things in general.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>fry</i> of children young.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>To sever . . . the good fish from the other <i>fry</i>.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>We have burned two frigates, and a hundred and twenty small <i>fry</i>.</blockquote> <i>Walpole.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fry"ing</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The process denoted by the verb <i>fry</i>.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Frying pan</b></col>, <cd>an iron pan with a long handle, used for frying meat, vegetables, etc.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fu"age</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Fumage</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fu"ar</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Feuar</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fub</hw> (?), <hw>Fubs</hw> (&?;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. <u>Fob</u> a pocket.] <def>A plump young person or child.</def> [Obs.] <i>Smart.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fub</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [The same word as <i>fob</i> to cheat.] <def>To put off by trickery; to cheat.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>I have been <i>fubbed</i> off, and <i>fubbed</i> off, and fabbed off, from this day to that day.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fub"ber*y</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Cheating; deception.</def> <i>Marston.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Fub"by</hw> (?), <hw>Fub"sy</hw> (?) } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Plump; chubby; short and stuffy; as a <i>fubsy</i> sofa.</def> [Eng.]</p>

<p><blockquote>A <i>fubsy</i>, good-humored, silly . . . old maid.</blockquote> <i>Mme. D'Arblay.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Fu"cate</hw> (?), <hw>Fu"ca*ted</hw> (?) } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>fucatus</i>, p. p. of <i>fucare</i> to color, paint, fr. <i>fucus</i>.] <def>Painted; disguised with paint, or with false show.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Fuchs</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [G., prop., a fox.] <i>(German Univ.)</i> <def>A student of the first year.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fuch"si*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> E. <plw><b>Fuchsias</b></plw> (#), L. <plw><b>Fuchsi&aelig;</b></plw> (#). [NL. Named after Leonard <i>Fuchs</i>, a German botanist.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A genus of flowering plants having elegant drooping flowers, with four sepals, four petals, eight stamens, and a single pistil. They are natives of Mexico and South America. Double- flowered varieties are now common in cultivation.</def></p>

<p><! p. 601 !></p>

<p><hw>Fuch"sine</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Named by the French inventor, from <i>Fuchs</i> a fox, the German equivalent of his own name, <i>Renard</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Aniline red; an artificial coal-tar dyestuff, of a metallic green color superficially, resembling cantharides, but when dissolved forming a brilliant dark red. It consists of a hydrochloride or acetate of rosaniline. See <u>Rosaniline</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fu*civ"o*rous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Fucus</i> + L. <i>vorare</i> to eat.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Eating fucus or other seaweeds.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fu"coid</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Fucus</i> + <i>- oid</i>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>Properly, belonging to an order of alga: (<i>Fucoide&aelig;</i>) which are blackish in color, and produce o&ouml;spores which are not fertilized until they have escaped from the conceptacle. The common rockweeds and the gulfweed (<i>Sargassum</i>) are fucoid in character.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>In a vague sense, resembling seaweeds, or of the nature of seaweeds.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fu"coid</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A plant, whether recent or fossil, which resembles a seaweed. See <u>Fucoid</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos></def></p>

<p><hw>Fu*coid"al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Fucoid.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Geol.)</i> <def>Containing impressions of fossil fucoids or seaweeds; as, fucoidal sandstone.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fu"cus</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Fuci</b></plw> (#). [L. rock lichen, orchil, used as a red dye, red or purple color, disguise, deceit.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A paint; a dye; also, false show.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A genus of tough, leathery seaweeds, usually of a dull brownish green color; rockweed.</def></p>

<p>&fist; Formerly most marine alg&aelig; were called <i>fuci</i>.</p>

<p><hw>Fu"cu*sol</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Fucus</i> + L. <i>oleum</i> oil.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>An oily liquid, resembling, and possibly identical with, furfurol, and obtained from fucus, and other seaweeds.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fud</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Of uncertain origin.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The tail of a hare, coney, etc.</def> [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] <i>Burns.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Woolen waste, for mixing with mungo and shoddy.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fud"der</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Fodder</u>, a weight.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fud"dle</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.,</i></pos> <u>Fuddled</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Fuddling</u> (?).] [Perh. formed as a kind of dim. of full. Cf. <u>Fuzzle</u>.] <def>To make foolish by drink; to cause to become intoxicated.</def> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><blockquote>I am too <i>fuddled</i> to take care to observe your orders.</blockquote> <i>Steele.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fud"dle</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To drink to excess.</def> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><hw>Fud"dler</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A drunkard.</def> [Colloq.] <i>Baxter.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fudge</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. Prov. F. <i>fuche</i>, <i>feuche</i>, an interj. of contempt.] <def>A made-up story; stuff; nonsense; humbug; — often an exclamation of contempt.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fudge</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Fudged</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Fudging</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To make up; to devise; to contrive; to fabricate; as, he never did the experiment, and merely <i>fudged</i> the data.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Fudged</i> up into such a smirkish liveliness.</blockquote> <i>N. Fairfax.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To foist; to interpolate.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>That last "suppose" is <i>fudged</i> in.</blockquote> <i>Foote.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fudge" wheel"</hw> (?). <i>(Shoemaking)</i> <def>A tool for ornamenting the edge of a sole.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fu*e"gi*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to Terra del Fuego.</def> — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A native of Terra del Fuego.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fu"el</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>fouail</i>, <i>fuail</i>, or <i>fouaille</i>, <i>fuaille</i>, LL. <i>focalium</i>, <i>focale</i>, fr. L. <i>focus</i> hearth, fireplace, in LL., fire. See <u>Focus</u>.] [Formerly written also <i>fewel.</i>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Any matter used to produce heat by burning; that which feeds fire; combustible matter used for fires, as wood, coal, peat, etc.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Anything that serves to feed or increase passion or excitement.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Artificial fuel</b></col>, <cd>fuel consisting of small particles, as coal dust, sawdust, etc., consolidated into lumps or blocks.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fu"el</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To feed with fuel.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Never, alas I the dreadful name,<BR> That <i>fuels</i> the infernal flame.</blockquote> <i>Cowley.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To store or furnish with fuel or firing.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Well watered and well <i>fueled</i>.</blockquote> <i>Sir H. Wotton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fu"el*er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who, or that which, supplies fuel.</def> [R.] [Written also <i>fueller</i>.] <i>Donne.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Fu*e"ro</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Sp., fr. L. <i>forum</i>.] <i>(Sp. Law)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A code; a charter; a grant of privileges.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A custom having the force of law.</def> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <def>A declaration by a magistrate.</def> <sd><i>(d)</i></sd> <def>A place where justice is administered.</def> <sd><i>(e)</i></sd> <def>The jurisdiction of a tribunal.</def> <i>Burrill.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fuff</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t. & i.</i></pos> [Of imitative origin. Cf. <u>Puff</u>.] <def>To puff.</def> [Prov. Eng. A Local, U. S.] <i>Halliwel.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fuff"y</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Light; puffy.</def> [Prov. Eng. & Local, U. S.]</p>

<p><hw>||Fu"ga</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [It.] <i>(Mus.)</i> <def>A fugue.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fu*ga"cious</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>fugax</i>, <i>fugacis</i>, from <i>fugere</i>: cf. F. <i>fugace</i>. See <u>Fugitive</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Flying, or disposed to fly; fleeing away; lasting but a short time; volatile.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Much of its possessions is so hid, so fugacious, and of so uncertain purchase.</blockquote> <i>Jer. Taylor.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>Fleeting; lasting but a short time; — applied particularly to organs or parts which are short-lived as compared with the life of the individual.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fu*ga"cious*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Fugacity.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Fu*gac"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L <i>fugacitas</i>: cf. F. <i>fugacit&eacute;</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The quality of being fugacious; fugaclousness; volatility; as, <i>fugacity</i> of spirits.</def> <i>Boyle.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Uncertainty; instability.</def> <i>Johnson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fu"ga*cy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Banishment.</def> [Obs.] <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Fu*ga"to</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Mus.)</i> <def>in the gugue style, but not strictly like a fugue.</def> — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A composition resembling a fugue.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fugh</hw> (?), <pos><i>interj.</i></pos> <def>An exclamation of disgust; foh; faugh.</def> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Fu*ghet"ta</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [It.] <i>(Mus.)</i> <def>a short, condensed fugue.</def> <i>Grove.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fu"gi*tive</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [OE. <i>fugitif</i>, F. <i>fugitif</i>, fr. L. <i>fugitivus</i>, fr. <i>fugere</i> to flee. See <u>Bow</u> to bend, and cf. <u>Feverfew</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Fleeing from pursuit, danger, restraint, etc., escaping, from service, duty etc.; as, a <i>fugitive</i> solder; a <i>fugitive</i> slave; <i>a fugitive</i> debtor.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>fugitive</i> Parthians follow.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Can a <i>fugitive</i> daughter enjoy herself while her parents are in tear?</blockquote> <i>Richardson</i></p>

<p><blockquote>A libellous pamphlet of a fugitive physician.</blockquote> <i>Sir H. Wotton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Not fixed; not durable; liable to disappear or fall away; volatile; uncertain; evanescent; liable to fade; — applied to material and immaterial things; as, <i>fugitive</i> colors; a <i>fugitive</i> idea.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The me more tender and fugitive parts, the leaves . . . of vegatables.</blockquote> <i>Woodward.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Fugitive compositions</b></col>, <cd>Such as are short and occasional, and so published that they quickly escape notice.</cd></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Fleeting; unstable; wandering; uncertain; volatile; fugacious; fleeing; evanescent.</p>

<p><hw>Fu"gi*tive</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who flees from pursuit, danger, restraint, service, duty, etc.; a deserter; as, a <i>fugitive</i> from justice.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Something hard to be caught or detained.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Or Catch that airy <i>fugitive</i> called wit.</blockquote> <i>Harte.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Fugitive from justice</b></col> <i>(Law)</i>, <cd>one who, having committed a crime in one jurisdiction, flees or escapes into another to avoid punishment.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fu"gi*tive*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a fugitive manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fu"gi*tive*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality or condition of being fugitive; evanescence; volatility; fugacity; instability.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fu"gle</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To maneuver; to move hither and thither.</def> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Wooden arms with elbow joints jerking and <i>fugling</i> in the<BR> air.</blockquote> <i>Carlyle.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fu"gle*man</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Fuglemen</b></plw> (#). [G. <i>fl&uuml;gelmann</i> file leader; <i>fl&uuml;gel</i> wing (akin to E. fly) + <i>mann</i> man. Cf. <u>Flugrelman</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Mil.)</i> <def>A soldier especially expert and well drilled, who takes his place in front of a military company, as a guide for the others in their exercises; a file leader. He originally stood in front of the right wing.</def> [Written also <i>flugelman</i>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Hence, one who leads the way.</def> [Jocose]</p>

<p><hw>Fugue</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., fr. It. <i>fuga</i>, fr. L. <i>fuga</i> a fleeing, flight, akin to <i>fugere</i> to fiee. See <u>Fugitive</u>.] <i>(Mus.)</i> <def>A polyphonic composition, developed from a given theme or themes, according to strict contrapuntal rules. The theme is first given out by one voice or part, and then, while that pursues its way, it is repeated by another at the interval of a fifth or fourth, and so on, until all the parts have answered one by one, continuing their several melodies and interweaving them in one complex progressive whole, in which the theme is often lost and reappears.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>All parts of the scheme are eternally chasing each other, like the parts of a <i>fugue</i>.</blockquote> <i>Jer. Taylor.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fu"guist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Mus.)</i> <def>A musician who composes or performs fugues.</def> <i>Busby.</i></p>

<p><hw>-ful</hw> (?). [See <u>Full</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <def>A suffix signifying <i>full of</i>, <i>abounding with</i>; as, boast<i>ful</i>, harm<i>ful</i>, woe<i>ful</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fu"lahs`</hw>, <hw>Foo"lahs`</hw> (&?;), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos>; sing. <singw><b>Fulah</b></singw>, <singw><b>Foolah</b></singw> (&?;). <i>(Ethnol.)</i> <def>A peculiar African race of uncertain origin, but distinct from the negro tribes, inhabiting an extensive region of Western Soudan. Their color is brown or yellowish bronze. They are Mohammedans. Called also <i>Fellatahs</i>, <i>Foulahs</i>, and <i>Fellani</i>. Fulah is also used adjectively; as, <i>Fulah</i> empire, tribes, language.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ful"be</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Ethnol.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Fulahs</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ful"ci*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>fulcire</i> to prop.] <def>Capable of being propped up.</def> [Obs.] <i>Cockeram.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ful"ci*ment</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>fulcimentum</i>, fr. <i>fulcire</i> to prop.] <def>A prop; a fulcrum.</def> [Obs.] <i>Bp. Wilkins.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ful"cra</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Fulcrum</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ful"crate</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See <u>Fulcrum</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Propped; supported by accessory organs.</def> [R.] <i>Gray.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Furnished with fulcrums.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ful"crum</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> L. <plw><b>Fulcra</b></plw> (#), E. <plw><b>Fulcrums</b></plw> (#). [L., bedpost, fr. <i>fulcire</i> to prop.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A prop or support.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Mech.)</i> <def>That by which a lever is sustained, or about which it turns in lifting or moving a body.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>An accessory organ such as a tendril, stipule, spine, and the like.</def> [R.] <i>Gray.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The horny inferior surface of the lingua of certain insects.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>One of the small, spiniform scales found on the front edge of the dorsal and caudal fins of many ganoid fishes.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>The connective tissue supporting the framework of the retina of the eye.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ful*fill"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Fulfilled</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Fulfilling</u>.] [OE. <i>fulfillen</i>, <i>fulfullen</i>, AS. <i>fulfyllan</i>; <i>ful</i> full + <i>fyllan</i> to fill. See <u>Full</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>, and <u>Fill</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>] [Written also <i>fulfil.</i>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To fill up; to make full or complete.</def> [>Obs.] "<i>Fulfill</i> her week" <i>Gen. xxix. 27.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Suffer thou that the children be <i>fulfilled</i> first, for it is not good to take the bread of children and give to hounds.</blockquote> <i>Wyclif (Mark vii. 27).</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To accomplish or carry into effect, as an intention, promise, or prophecy, a desire, prayer, or requirement, etc.; to complete by performance; to answer the requisitions of; to bring to pass, as a purpose or design; to effectuate.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He will, <i>fulfill</i> the desire of them fear him.</blockquote> <i>Ps. cxlv. 199.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Here Nature seems <i>fulfilled</i> in all her ends.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Servants must their masters' minds <i>fulfill</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ful*fill"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who fulfills.</def> <i>South.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ful*fill"ment</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Written also <i>fulfilment</i>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of fulfilling; accomplishment; completion; as, the <i>fulfillment</i> of prophecy.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Execution; performance; as, the <i>fulfillment</i> of a promise.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fulgen*cy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>fulgent</u>.] <def>Brightness; splendor; glitter; effulgence.</def> <i>Bailey.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ful"gent</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>fulgens</i>, <i>-entis</i>, <i>p. pr.</i> of <i>fulgere</i> to flash, glitter, shine, akin to Gr. &?; to burn. See <u>Phlox</u>, <u>Flagrant</u>.] <def>Exquisitely bright; shining; dazzling; effulgent.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Other Thracians . . . <i>fulgent</i> morions wore.</blockquote> <i>Glower.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ful"gent*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>Dazzlingly; glitteringly.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ful"gid</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>fulgidus</i>. See <u>Fulgent</u>.] <def>Shining; glittering; dazzling.</def> [R.] <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ful*gid"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Splendor; resplendence; effulgence.</def> [R.] <i>Bailey.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ful"gor</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>fulgor</i>, fr. <i>fulgere</i> to shine.] <def>Dazzling brightness; splendor.</def> [R.] <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ful"gu*rant</hw> (?) <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>fulgurans</i>, <i>p. pr.</i> of <i>fulgurare</i>.] <def>Lightening.</def> [R.] <i>Dr. H. More.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Ful"gu*ra"ta</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL.] <i>(Electricity)</i> <def>A spectro-electric tube in which the decomposition of a liquid by the passage of an electric spark is observed.</def> <i>Knight.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ful"gu*rate</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [L. <i>fulguratus</i>, p. p. of <i>fulgurare</i> to flash, fr. <i>fulgur</i> lightning, fr. <i>fulgere</i> to shine. See <u>Fulgent</u>.] <def>To flash as lightning.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Ful"gu*ra`ting</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Resembling lightning; — used to describe intense lancinating pains accompanying locomotor ataxy.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ful"gu*ra`tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>fulguratio</i>: cf. F. <i>fulguration</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of lightening.</def> [R.] <i>Donne.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Assaying)</i> <def>The sudden brightening of a fused globule of gold or silver, when the last film of the oxide of lead or copper leaves its surface; — also called <i>blick</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A phenomenon called, by the old chemists, <i>fulguration</i>.</blockquote> <i>Ure.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ful"gu*rite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>fulguritus</i>, p. p. of <i>fulgurire</i> to strike with lightning, fr. <i>fulgur</i> lightning: cf. F. <i>fulgurite</i>.] <def>A vitrified sand tube produced by the striking of lightning on sand; a lightning tube; also, the portion of rock surface fused by a lightning discharge.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ful"gu*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>fulgur</i>.] <def>Lightning.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Ful"ham</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [So named because supposed to have been chiefly made at Fulham, in Middlesex, Eng.] <def>A false die.</def> [Cant] [Written also <i>fullam</i>.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fu*lig"i*nos"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>fuliginosit&eacute;</i>.] <def>The condition or quality of being fuliginous; sootiness; matter deposited by smoke.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Fu*lig"i*nous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>fuliginosus</i>, from <i>fuligo</i> soot: cf. F. <i>fuligineux</i>. See <u>Fume</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Pertaining to soot; sooty; dark; dusky.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Pertaining to smoke; resembling smoke.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fu*lig"i*nous*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a smoky manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fu"li*mart</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Foumart</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Full</hw> (f&usdot;l), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<pos><i>Compar.</i></pos> <u>Fuller</u> (-&etilde;r); superl. <u>Fullest</u>.] [OE. & AS. <i>ful</i>; akin to OS. <i>ful</i>, D. <i>vol</i>, OHG. <i>fol</i>, G. <i>voll</i>, Icel. <i>fullr</i>, Sw. <i>full</i>, Dan. <i>fuld</i>, Goth. <i>fulls</i>, L. <i>plenus</i>, Gr. <grk>plh`rhs</grk>, Skr. <i>p&umacr;&rsdot;na</i> full, <i>pr&amacr;</i> to fill, also to Gr. <grk>poly`s</grk> much, E. <i>poly-</i>, pref., G. <i>viel</i>, AS. <i>fela</i>. &radic;80. Cf. <u>Complete</u>, <u>Fill</u>, <u>Plenary</u>, <u>Plenty</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Filled up, having within its limits all that it can contain; supplied; not empty or vacant; — said primarily of hollow vessels, and hence of anything else; as, a cup <i>full</i> of water; a house <i>full</i> of people.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Had the throne been <i>full</i>, their meeting would not have been regular.</blockquote> <i>Blackstone.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Abundantly furnished or provided; sufficient in quantity, quality, or degree; copious; plenteous; ample; adequate; as, a <i>full</i> meal; a <i>full</i> supply; a <i>full</i> voice; a <i>full</i> compensation; a house <i>full</i> of furniture.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Not wanting in any essential quality; complete; entire; perfect; adequate; as, a <i>full</i> narrative; a person of <i>full</i> age; a <i>full</i> stop; a <i>full</i> face; the <i>full</i> moon.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>It came to pass, at the end of two <i>full</i> years, that Pharaoh<BR> dreamed.</blockquote> <i>Gen. xii. 1.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The man commands<BR> Like a <i>full</i> soldier.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>I can not<BR> Request a <i>fuller</i> satisfaction<BR> Than you have freely granted.</blockquote> <i>Ford.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Sated; surfeited.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I am <i>full</i> of the burnt offerings of rams.</blockquote> <i>Is. i. 11.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>Having the mind filled with ideas; stocked with knowledge; stored with information.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Reading maketh a <i>full</i> man.</blockquote> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>Having the attention, thoughts, etc., absorbed in any matter, and the feelings more or less excited by it, as, to be <i>full</i> of some project.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Every one is <i>full</i> of the miracles done by cold baths on decayed and weak constitutions.</blockquote> <i>Locke.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <def>Filled with emotions.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The heart is so <i>full</i> that a drop overfills it.</blockquote> <i>Lowell.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>8.</b></sn> <def>Impregnated; made pregnant.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Ilia, the fair, . . . <i>full</i> of Mars.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><col><b>At full</b></col>, <cd>when full or complete.</cd> <i>Shak.</i> — <col><b>Full age</b></col> <i>(Law)</i> <cd>the age at which one attains full personal rights; majority; — in England and the United States the age of 21 years.</cd> <i>Abbott.</i> — <col><b>Full and by</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>sailing closehauled, having all the sails <i>full</i>, and lying as near the wind as poesible.</cd> — <col><b>Full band</b></col> <i>(Mus.)</i>, <cd>a band in which all the instruments are employed.</cd> — <col><b>Full binding</b></col>, <cd>the binding of a book when made wholly of leather, as distinguished from half binding.</cd> — <col><b>Full bottom</b></col>, <cd>a kind of wig <i>full</i> and large at the bottom.</cd> — <col><b>Full</b></col> <col><b>brother or sister</b></col>, <cd>a brother or sister having the same parents as another.</cd> — <col><b>Full cry</b></col> <i>(Hunting)</i>, <cd>eager chase; — said of hounds that have caught the scent, and give tongue together.</cd> — <col><b>Full dress</b></col>, <cd>the dress prescribed by authority or by etiquette to be worn on occasions of ceremony.</cd> — <col><b>Full hand</b></col> <i>(Poker)</i>, <cd>three of a kind and a pair.</cd> — <col><b>Full moon</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>The moon with its whole disk illuminated, as when opposite to the sun.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>The time when the moon is full.</cd> — <col><b>Full organ</b></col> <i>(Mus.)</i>, <cd>the organ when all or most stops are out.</cd> — <col><b>Full score</b></col> <i>(Mus.)</i>, <cd>a score in which all the parts for voices and instruments are given.</cd> — <col><b>Full sea</b></col>, <cd>high water.</cd> — <col><b>Full swing</b></col>, <cd>free course; unrestrained liberty; "Leaving corrupt nature to . . . the <i>full swing</i> and freedom of its own extravagant actings." South (Colloq.)</cd> — <col><b>In full</b></col>, <cd>at length; uncontracted; unabridged; written out in words, and not indicated by figures.</cd> — <col><b>In full blast</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Blast</u>.</cd></p>

<p><! p. 602 !></p>

<p><hw>Full</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Complete measure; utmost extent; the highest state or degree.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The swan's-down feather,<BR> That stands upon the swell at <i>full</i> of tide.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Full of the moon</b></col>, <cd>the time of full moon.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Full</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>Quite; to the same degree; without abatement or diminution; with the whole force or effect; thoroughly; completely; exactly; entirely.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The pawn I proffer shall be <i>full</i> as good.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The diapason closing <i>full</i> in man.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Full</i> in the center of the sacred wood.</blockquote> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p>&fist; Full is placed before adjectives and adverbs to heighten or strengthen their signification. "Full sad." <i>Milton.</i> "Master of a <i>full</i> poor cell." <i>Shak.</i> "<i>Full</i> many a gem of purest ray serene." <i>T. Gray.</i></p>

<p><i>Full</i> is also prefixed to participles to express utmost extent or degree; as, <i>full</i>-bloomed, <i>full</i>-blown, <i>full</i>-crammed <i>full</i>-grown, <i>full</i>-laden, <i>full</i>-stuffed, etc. Such compounds, for the most part, are self-defining.</p>

<p><hw>Full</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To become full or wholly illuminated; as, the moon fulls at midnight.</def></p>

<p><hw>Full</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Fulled</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Fulling</u>.] [OE. <i>fullen</i>, OF. <i>fuler</i>, <i>fouler</i>, F. <i>fouler</i>, LL. <i>fullare</i>, fr. L. <i>fullo</i> fuller, cloth fuller, cf. Gr. &?; shining, white, AS. <i>fullian</i> to whiten as a fuller, to baptize, <i>fullere</i> a fuller. Cf. <u>Defile</u> to foul, <u>Foil</u> to frustrate, <u>Fuller</u>. <pos><i>n.</i></pos> ] <def>To thicken by moistening, heating, and pressing, as cloth; to mill; to make compact; to scour, cleanse, and thicken in a mill.</def></p>

<p><hw>Full</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To become fulled or thickened; as, this material <i>fulls</i> well.</def></p>

<p><hw>Full"age</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The money or price paid for fulling or cleansing cloth.</def> <i>Johnson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ful"lam</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A false die. See <u>Fulham</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Full"-blood`ed</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Having a full supply of blood.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Of pure blood; thoroughbred; as, a <i>full-blooded</i> horse.</def></p>

<p><hw>Full"-bloomed`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Like a perfect blossom.</def> "<i>Full-bloomed</i> lips." <i>Crashaw.</i></p>

<p><hw>Full"-blown`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Fully expanded, as a blossom; as, a <i>full-bloun</i> rose.</def> <i>Denham.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Fully distended with wind, as a sail.</def> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Full"-bot"tomed</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Full and large at the bottom, as wigs worn by certain civil officers in Great Britain.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>Of great capacity below the water line.</def></p>

<p><hw>Full"-butt"</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>With direct and violent opposition; with sudden collision.</def> [Colloq.] <i>L'Estrange.</i></p>

<p><hw>Full`-drive"</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>With full speed.</def> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><hw>Full"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>fullere</i>, fr. L. <i>fullo</i>. See <u>Full</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>] <def>One whose occupation is to full cloth.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Fuller's earth</b></col>, <cd>a variety of clay, used in scouring and cleansing cloth, to imbibe grease.</cd> — <col><b>Fuller's herb</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>the soapwort (<i>Saponaria officinalis</i>), formerly used to remove stains from cloth.</cd> — <col><b>Fuller's thistle or weed</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>the teasel (<i>Dipsacus fullonum</i>) whose burs are used by fullers in dressing cloth. See <u>Teasel</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Full"er</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From <u>Full</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <i>(Blacksmith's Work)</i> <def>A die; a half- round set hammer, used for forming grooves and spreading iron; — called also a <i>creaser</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Full"er</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To form a groove or channel in, by a fuller or set hammer; as, to <i>fuller</i> a bayonet.</def></p>

<p><hw>Full"er*y</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Fulleries</b></plw> (&?;). <def>The place or the works where the fulling of cloth is carried on.</def></p>

<p><hw>Full"-formed`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Full in form or shape; rounded out with flesh.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>full-formed</i> maids of Afric.</blockquote> <i>Thomson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Full"-grown`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having reached the limits of growth; mature.</def> "<i>Full-grown</i> wings." <i>Lowell.</i></p>

<p><hw>Full"-heart`ed</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Full of courage or confidence.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Full"-hot`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Very fiery.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Full"ing</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The process of cleansing, shrinking, and thickening cloth by moisture, heat, and pressure.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Fulling mill</b></col>, <cd>a mill for fulling cloth as by means of pesties or stampers, which alternately fall into and rise from troughs where the cloth is placed with hot water and fuller's earth, or other cleansing materials.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Full"-manned`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Completely furnished wiith men, as a ship.</def></p>

<p><hw>Full"mart"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Foumart</u>.</def> <i>B. Jonson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Full"ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The state of being full, or of abounding; abundance; completeness.</def> [Written also <i>fulness</i>.]</p>

<p><blockquote>"In thy presence is <i>fullness</i> of joy."</blockquote> <i>Ps. xvi. 11.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ful*lon"i*cal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>fullonicus</i>, from fullo a cloth fuller.] <def>Pertaining to a fuller of cloth.</def> [Obs.] <i>Blount.</i></p>

<p><hw>Full"-orbed`</hw> (&?;), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having the orb or disk complete or fully illuminated; like the full moon.</def></p>

<p><hw>Full"-sailed`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having all its sails set,; hence, without restriction or reservation.</def> <i>Massinger.</i></p>

<p><hw>Full"-winged`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Having large and strong or complete wings.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Ready for flight; eager.</def> [Archaic] <i>Beau. & Fl.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ful"ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a full manner or degree; completely; entirely; without lack or defect; adequately; satisfactorily; as, to be <i>fully</i> persuaded of the truth of a proposition.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Fully committed</b></col> <i>(Law)</i>, <cd>committed to prison for trial, in distinction from being detained for examination.</cd></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Completely; entirely; maturely; plentifully; abundantly; plenteously; copiously; largely; amply; sufficiently; clearly; distinctly; perfectly.</p>

<p><hw>Ful"mar</hw> (f&ubreve;lm&auml;r), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Icel. <i>f&umacr;lm&amacr;r</i>. See <u>foul</u>, and <u>Man</u> a gull.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of several species of sea birds, of the family <i>Procellariid&aelig;</i>, allied to the albatrosses and petrels. Among the well-known species are the arctic fulmar (<i>Fulmarus glacialis</i>) (called also <i>fulmar petrel</i>, <i>malduck</i>, and <i>mollemock</i>), and the giant fulmar (<i>Ossifraga gigantea</i>).</def></p>

<p><hw>Ful"mi*nant</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>fulminans</i>, <i>p. pr.</i> of <i>fulminare</i> to lighten: cf. F. <i>fulminant</i>.] <def>Thundering; fulminating.</def> [R.] <i>Bailey.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ful"mi*nate</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Fulminated</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Fulminating</u>.] [L. <i>fulminatus</i>, p. p. of <i>fulminare</i> to lighten, strike with lightning, fr. <i>fulmen</i> thunderbolt, fr. <i>fulgere</i> to shine. See <u>Fulgent</u>, and cf. <u>Fulmine</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To thunder; hence, to make a loud, sudden noise; to detonate; to explode with a violent report.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To issue or send forth decrees or censures with the assumption of supreme authority; to thunder forth menaces.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ful"mi*nate</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To cause to explode.</def> <i>Sprat.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To utter or send out with denunciations or censures; — said especially of menaces or censures uttered by ecclesiastical authority.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>They <i>fulminated</i> the most hostile of all decrees.</blockquote> <i>De Quincey.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ful"mi*nate</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. P. <i>fulminate</i>. See <u>Fulminate</u>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos>] <i>(Chem.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A salt of fulminic acid. See under <u>Fulminic</u>.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A fulminating powder.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Fulminate of gold</b></col>, <cd>an explosive compound of gold; — called also <i>fulminating gold</i>, and <i>aurum fulminans</i>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Ful"mi*na"ting</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Thundering; exploding in a peculiarly sudden or violent manner.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Hurling denunciations, menaces, or censures.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Fulminating oil</b></col>, <cd>nitroglycerin.</cd> — <col><b>Fulminating powder</b></col> <i>(Chem.)</i> <cd>any violently explosive powder, but especially one of the fulminates, as mercuric fulminate.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Ful"mi*na`tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>fulminatio</i> a darting of lightning: cf. F. <i>fulmination</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of fulminating or exploding; detonation.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The act of thundering forth threats or censures, as with authority.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>That which is fulminated or thundered forth; vehement menace or censure.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>fulminations</i> from the Vatican were turned into ridicule.</blockquote> <i>Ayliffe.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ful"mi*na*to*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>fulminatoire</i>.] <def>Thundering; striking terror.</def> <i>Cotgrave.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ful"mine</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [F. <i>fulminer</i>. See <u>Fulminate</u>, <pos><i>v.</i></pos>] <def>To thunder.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser. Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ful"mine</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To shoot; to dart like lightning; to fulminate; to utter with authority or vehemence.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>She <i>fulmined</i> out her scorn of laws Salique.</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ful*min"e*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. fulmen thunder.] <def>Of, or concerning thunder.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ful*min"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>fulminique</i>.] <def>Pertaining to fulmination; detonating; specifically <i>(Chem.)</i>, pertaining to, derived from, or denoting, an acid, so called; as, <i>fulminic</i> acid.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Fulminic acid</b></col> <i>(Chem.)</i>, <cd>a complex acid, H<sub>2</sub>C<sub>2</sub>N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, isomeric with cyanic and cyanuric acids, and not known in the free state, but forming a large class of highly explosive salts, the fulminates. Of these, <u>mercuric fulminate</u>, the most common, is used, mixed with niter, to fill percussion caps, charge cartridges, etc. Fulminic acid is made by the action of nitric acid on alcohol.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Ful"mi*nu"ric</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Fulmin</i>ic + cya<i>nuric</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Pertaining to fulminic and cyanuric acids, and designating an acid so called.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Fulminuric acid</b></col> <i>(Chem.)</i>, <cd>a white, crystalline, explosive substance, H<sub>3</sub>C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>3</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, forming well known salts, and obtained from the fulminates. It is isomeric with cyanuric acid, and hence is also called isocyanuric acid.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Ful"ness</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Fullness</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ful*sam"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See <u>Fulsome</u>.] <def>Fulsome.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Ful"some</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Full</i>, a. + <i>-some</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Full; abundant; plenteous; not shriveled.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>His lean, pale, hoar, and withered corpse grew <i>fulsome</i>, fair, and fresh.</blockquote> <i>Golding.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Offending or disgusting by overfullness, excess, or grossness; cloying; gross; nauseous; esp., offensive from excess of praise; as, <i>fulsome</i> flattery.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>And lest the <i>fulsome</i> artifice should fail<BR> Themselves will hide its coarseness with a veil.</blockquote> <i>Cowper.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Lustful; wanton; obscene; also, tending to obscenity.</def> [Obs.] "Fulsome ewes." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p>— <wf>Ful"some*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Ful"some*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ful"vid</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [LL. <i>fulvidus</i>, fr. L. <i>fulvus</i>.] <def>Fulvous.</def> [R.] <i>Dr. H. More.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ful"vous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>fulvus</i>.] <def>Tawny; dull yellow, with a mixture of gray and brown.</def> <i>Lindley.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fum</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To play upon a fiddle.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Follow me, and <i>fum</i> as you go.</blockquote> <i>B. Jonson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fu*ma"cious</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [From Fume.] <def>Smoky; hence, fond of smoking; addicted to smoking tobacco.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fu*made"</hw> (?), <hw>Fu*ma"do</hw> (&?;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Fumades</b></plw> (#), <plw><b>Fumadoes</b></plw> (#). [Sp. <i>fumodo</i> smoked, p. p. of <i>fumar</i> to smoke, fr. L. <i>fumare</i>. See <u>Fume</u>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos>] <def>A salted and smoked fish, as the pilchard.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fu"mage</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>fumage</i>, <i>fumaige</i>, fr. L. <i>fumus</i> smoke.] <def>Hearth money.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Fumage</i>, or fuage, vulgarly called smoke farthings.</blockquote> <i>Blackstone.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fu"ma*rate</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A salt of fumaric acid.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fu*mar"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, fumitory (<i>Fumaria officinalis</i>).</def></p>

<p><col><b>Fumaric acid</b></col> <i>(Chem.)</i>, <cd>a widely occurring organic acid, extracted from fumitory as a white crystallline substance, C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub>(CO<sub>2</sub>H)<sub>2</sub>, and produced artificially in many ways, as by the distillation of malic acid; boletic acid. It is found also in the lichen, Iceland moss, and hence was also called <i>lichenic acid</i>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fu"ma*rine</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>fumus</i> smoke, fume.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>An alkaloid extracted from fumitory, as a white crystalline substance.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fu"ma*role</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [It. <i>fumaruola</i>, fr. <i>fumo</i> smoke, L. <i>fumus</i>: cf. F. <i>fumerolle</i>, <i>fumarolle</i>.] <def>A hole or spot in a volcanic or other region, from which fumes issue.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fu"ma*to*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Fumitory</u>.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Fum"ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Fumbled</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Fumbling</u> (?).] [Akin to D. <i>fommelen</i> to crumple, fumble, Sw. <i>fumla</i> to fusuble, <i>famla</i> to grope, Dan. <i>famle</i> to grope, <i>fumble</i>, Icel. <i>falme</i>, AS. <i>folm</i> palm of the hand. See <u>Feel</u>, and cf. <u>Fanble</u>, <u>Palm</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To feel or grope about; to make awkward attempts to do or find something.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Adams now began to <i>fumble</i> in his pockets.</blockquote> <i>Fielding.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To grope about in perplexity; to seek awkwardly; as, to <i>fumble</i> for an excuse.</def> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>My understanding flutters and my memory <i>fumbles</i>.</blockquote> <i>Chesterfield.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Alas! how he <i>fumbles</i> about the domains.</blockquote> <i>Wordsworth.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To handle much; to play childishly; to turn over and over.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I saw him <i>fumble</i> with the sheets, and play with flowers.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fum"ble</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To handle or manage awkwardly; to crowd or tumble together.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fum"bler</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who fumbles.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fum"bling*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In the manner of one who fumbles.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fume</hw> (f&umacr;m), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>fumus</i>; akin to Skr. <i>dh&umacr;ma</i> smoke, <i>dh&umacr;</i> to shake, fan a flame, cf. Gr. <grk>qy`ein</grk> to sacrifice, storm, rage, <grk>qy`mon</grk>, <grk>qy`mos</grk>, thyme, and perh. to E. dust: cf. OF. <i>fum</i> smoke, F. <i>fum&eacute;e</i>. Cf. <u>Dust</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, <u>Femerell</u>, <u>Thyme</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Exhalation; volatile matter (esp. noxious vapor or smoke) ascending in a dense body; smoke; vapor; reek; as, the <i>fumes</i> of tobacco.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>fumes</i> of new shorn hay.</blockquote> <i>T. Warton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>fumes</i> of undigested wine.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Rage or excitement which deprives the mind of self-control; as, the fumes of passion.</def> <i>South.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Anything vaporlike, unsubstantial, or airy; idle conceit; vain imagination.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A show of fumes and fancies.</blockquote> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>The incense of praise; inordinate flattery.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>To smother him with <i>fumes</i> and eulogies.</blockquote> <i>Burton.</i></p>

<p><col><b>In a fume</b></col>, <cd>in ill temper, esp. from impatience.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fume</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Fumed</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Fuming</u>.] [Cf. F. <i>fumer</i>, L. <i>fumare</i> to smoke. See <u>Fume</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To smoke; to throw off fumes, as in combustion or chemical action; to rise up, as vapor.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Where the golden altar <i>fumed</i>.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Silenus lay,<BR> Whose constant cups lay <i>fuming</i> to his brain.</blockquote> <i>Roscommon.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To be as in a mist; to be dulled and stupefied.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Keep his brain <i>fuming</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To pass off in fumes or vapors.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Their parts are kept from <i>fuming</i> away by their fixity.</blockquote> <i>Cheyne.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To be in a rage; to be hot with anger.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He frets, he <i>fumes</i>, he stares, he stamps the ground.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>While her mother did fret, and her father did <i>fume</i>.</blockquote> <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><col><b>To fume away</b></col>, <cd>to give way to excitement and displeasure; to storm; also, to pass off in fumes.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fume</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To expose to the action of fumes; to treat with vapors, smoke, etc.; as, to bleach straw by <i>fuming</i> it with sulphur; to fill with fumes, vapors, odors, etc., as a room.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>She <i>fumed</i> the temple with an odorous flame.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To praise inordinately; to flatter.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>They demi-deify and <i>fume</i> him so.</blockquote> <i>Cowper.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To throw off in vapor, or as in the form of vapor.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The heat will <i>fume</i> away most of the scent.</blockquote> <i>Montimer.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>How vicious hearts <i>fume</i> frenzy to the brain!</blockquote> <i>Young.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fume"less</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Free from fumes.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fum"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One that fumes.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>One who makes or uses perfumes.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Embroiderers, feather makers, <i>fumers</i>.</blockquote> <i>Beau. & Fl.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fu"mer*ell</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>See <u>Femerell</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fu"met</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>fumier</i> dung, OF. <i>femier</i>, fr. L. <i>fimus</i> dung.] <def>The dung of deer.</def> <i>B. Jonson.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Fu"met</hw> (?) <hw>||Fu*mette"</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>fumet</i> odor, <i>fume</i> of wine or meat, fr. L. <i>fumus</i> smoke. See <u>Fume</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <def>The stench or high flavor of game or other meat when kept long.</def> <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fu"me*tere"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Fumitory.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Fu"mid</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>fumidus</i>, fr. <i>fumus</i> smoke. See <u>Fume</u>.] <def>Smoky; vaporous.</def> <i>Sir T. Broune.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Fu*mid"i*ty</hw> (?), <hw>Fu"mid*ness</hw> (?) } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The state of being fumid; smokiness.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fu*mif"er*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>fumifer</i>; <i>fumus</i> smoke + <i>ferre</i> to bear.] <def>Producing smoke.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fu*mif"u*gist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>fumus</i> smoke + <i>fugare</i> to put to flight, fugere to flee.] <def>One who, or that which, drives away smoke or fumes.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fu"mi*fy</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<i>Fume</i> + <i>- fy</i>.] <def>To subject to the action of smoke.</def> [Obs.] <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fu"mi*gant</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>fumigans</i>, <i>p. pr.</i> of <i>fumigare</i>. See <u>Fumigate</u>.] <def>Fuming.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Fu"mi*gate</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Fumigated</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Fumigating</u> (?).] [L. <i>fumigate</i>, p. p. of <i>fumigare</i> to fumigate, fr. <i>fumus</i> smoke. See <u>Fume</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To apply smoke to; to expose to smoke or vapor; to purify, or free from infection, by the use of smoke or vapors.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To smoke; to perfume.</def> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fum`iga"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>fumigation</i>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of fumigating, or applying smoke or vapor, as for disinfection.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Vapor raised in the process of fumigating.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fu"mi*ga`tor</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who, or that which, fumigates; an apparattus for fumigating.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fu"mi*ga*to*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>fumigatoire</i>.] <def>Having the quality of purifying by smoke.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><! p. 603 !></p>

<p><hw>Fum"i*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>Smokily; with fume.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fum"ing</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Producing fumes, or vapors.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Cadet's fuming liquid</b></col> <i>(Chem.)</i>, <cd>alkarsin.</cd> — <col><b>Fuming liquor of Libavius</b></col> <i>(Old Chem.)</i>, <cd>stannic chloride; the chloride of tin, SnCl<sub>4</sub>, forming a colorless, mobile liquid which fumes in the air. Mixed with water it solidifies to the so-called <i>butter of tin</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Fuming sulphuric acid</b></col>. <i>(Chem.)</i> <cd>Same as <i>Disulphuric acid</i>, uder <u>Disulphuric</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fum"ing*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a fuming manner; angrily.</def> "They answer <i>fumingly</i>." <i>Hooker.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fum"ish</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Smoky; hot; choleric.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fum"ish*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Choler; fretfulness; passion.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fu"mi*ter`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Fumitory.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Fu"mi*to*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>fumetere</i>, F. <i>fumeterre</i>, prop., smoke of the ground, fr. L. <i>fumus</i> smoke + <i>terra</i> earth. See <u>Fume</u>, and <u>Terrace</u>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The common uame of several species of the genus Fumaria, annual herbs of the Old World, with finely dissected leaves and small flowers in dense racemes or spikes. <i>F. officinalis</i> is a common species, and was formerly used as an antiscorbutic.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Climbing fumitory</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>the Alleghany vine (<i>Adlumia cirrhosa</i>); a biennial climbing plant with elegant feathery leaves and large clusters of pretty white or pinkish flowers looking like grains of rice.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fum"mel</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A hinny.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fu*mos"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. OF. <i>fumosit&eacute;</i>.] <def>The fumes of drink.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fum"ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>fumosus</i>, fr. <i>fumus</i> smoke: cf. F. <i>fumeux</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Producing smoke; smoky.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Producing fumes; full of fumes.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Garlic, onions, mustard, and such-like fumous things.</blockquote> <i>Barough (1625).</i></p>

<p><hw>Fum"y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Producing fumes; fumous.</def> "Drowned in <i>fumy</i> wine." <i>H. Brooke.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fun</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Perh. of Celtic origin; cf. Ir. & Gael. <i>fonn</i> pleasure.] <def>Sport; merriment; frolicsome amusement.</def> "Oddity, frolic, and <i>fun</i>." <i>Goldsmith.</i></p>

<p><col><b>To make fun of</b></col>, <cd>to hold up to, or turn into, ridicule.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fu*nam"bu*late</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [See <u>Funambulo</u>.] <def>To walk or to dance on a rope.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fu*nam"bu*la`tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Ropedancing.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fu*nam"bu*la`to*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Performing like a ropedancer.</def> <i>Chambers.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Narrow, like the walk of a ropedancer.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>This funambulatory track.</blockquote> <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fu*nam"bu*list</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A ropewalker or ropedancer.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>||Fu*nam"bu*lo</hw> (?), <hw>||Fu*nam"bu*lus</hw> (?) } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Sp. <i>funambulo</i>, or It. <i>funambolo</i>, fr. L. <i>funambulus</i>; funis rope (perh. akin to E. <i>bind</i>) + <i>ambulare</i> to walk. See <u>Amble</u>, and cf. <u>Funambulist</u>.] <def>A ropewalker or ropedancer.</def> [Obs.] <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><hw>Func"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>functio</i>, fr. <i>fungi</i> to perform, execute, akin to Skr. <i>bhuj</i> to enjoy, have the use of: cf. F. <i>fonction</i>. Cf. <u>Defunct</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of executing or performing any duty, office, or calling; performance.</def> "In the <i>function</i> of his public calling." <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Physiol.)</i> <def>The appropriate action of any special organ or part of an animal or vegetable organism; as, the <i>function</i> of the heart or the limbs; the <i>function</i> of leaves, sap, roots, etc.; life is the sum of the <i>functions</i> of the various organs and parts of the body.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>The natural or assigned action of any power or faculty, as of the soul, or of the intellect; the exertion of an energy of some determinate kind.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>As the mind opens, and its <i>functions</i> spread.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>The course of action which peculiarly pertains to any public officer in church or state; the activity appropriate to any business or profession.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Tradesmen . . . going about their <i>functions</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The malady which made him incapable of performing his<BR> regal <i>functions.</i></blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <i>(Math.)</i> <def>A quantity so connected with another quantity, that if any alteration be made in the latter there will be a consequent alteration in the former. Each quantity is said to be a <i>function</i> of the other. Thus, the circumference of a circle is a <i>function</i> of the diameter. If <i>x</i> be a symbol to which different numerical values can be assigned, such expressions as x<sup>2</sup>, 3<sup>x</sup>, Log. <i>x</i>, and Sin. <i>x</i>, are all <i>functions</i> of <i>x</i>.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Algebraic function</b></col>, <cd>a quantity whose connection with the variable is expressed by an equation that involves only the algebraic operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, raising to a given power, and extracting a given root; — opposed to <i>transcendental function</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Arbitrary function</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Arbitrary</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Calculus of functions</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Calculus</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Carnot's function</b></col> <i>(Thermo-dynamics)</i>, <cd>a relation between the amount of heat given off by a source of heat, and the work which can be done by it. It is approximately equal to the mechanical equivalent of the thermal unit divided by the number expressing the temperature in degrees of the air thermometer, reckoned from its zero of expansion.</cd> — <col><b>Circular functions</b></col>. <cd>See <i>Inverse trigonometrical functions</i> (below). — Continuous function, a quantity that has no interruption in the continuity of its real values, as the variable changes between any specified limits.</cd> — <col><b>Discontinuous function</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Discontinuous</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Elliptic functions</b></col>, <cd>a large and important class of functions, so called because one of the forms expresses the relation of the arc of an ellipse to the straight lines connected therewith.</cd> — <col><b>Explicit function</b></col>, <cd>a quantity directly expressed in terms of the independently varying quantity; thus, in the equations <i>y = 6x<sup>2</sup></i>, <i>y = 10 - x<sup>3</sup></i>, the quantity <i>y</i> is an explicit function of <i>x</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Implicit function</b></col>, <cd>a quantity whose relation to the variable is expressed indirectly by an equation; thus, <i>y</i> in the equation <i>x<sup>2</sup> + y<sup>2</sup> = 100</i> is an implicit function of <i>x</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Inverse trigonometrical functions</b></col>, or <col><b>Circular function</b></col>, <cd>the lengths of arcs relative to the sines, tangents, etc. Thus, AB is the arc whose sine is BD, and (if the length of BD is <i>x</i>) is written sin <sup>-1</sup>x, and so of the other lines. See <i>Trigonometrical function</i> (below). Other transcendental functions are the <i>exponential functions</i>, the <i>elliptic functions</i>, the <i>gamma functions</i>, the <i>theta functions</i>, etc.</cd> — <col><b>One- valued function</b></col>, <cd>a quantity that has one, and only one, value for each value of the variable.</cd> — <col><b>Transcendental functions</b></col>, <cd>a quantity whose connection with the variable cannot be expressed by algebraic operations; thus, <i>y</i> in the equation <i>y = 10<sup>x</sup></i> is a transcendental function of <i>x.</i> See <i>Algebraic function</i> (above).</cd> — <col><b>Trigonometrical function</b></col>, <cd>a quantity whose relation to the variable is the same as that of a certain straight line drawn in a circle whose radius is unity, to the length of a corresponding are of the circle. Let AB be an arc in a circle, whose radius OA is unity let AC be a quadrant, and let OC, DB, and AF be drawnpependicular to OA, and EB and CG parallel to OA, and let OB be produced to G and F. E Then BD is the sine of the arc AB; OD or EB is the cosine, AF is the tangent, CG is the cotangent, OF is the secant OG is the cosecant, AD is the versed sine, and CE is the coversed sine of the are AB. If the length of AB be represented by <i>x</i> (OA being unity) then the lengths of Functions. these lines (OA being unity) are the trigonometrical functions of <i>x</i>, and are written sin x, cos x, tan x (or tang x), cot x, sec x, cosec x, versin x, coversin x. These quantities are also considered as functions of the angle BOA.</cd></p>

<p>{ <hw>Func"tion</hw> (?), <hw>Func"tion*ate</hw> (?), } <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To execute or perform a function; to transact one's regular or appointed business.</def></p>

<p><hw>Func"tion*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Pertaining to, or connected with, a function or duty; official.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Physiol.)</i> <def>Pertaining to the function of an organ or part, or to the functions in general.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Functional disease</b></col> <i>(Med.)</i>, <cd>a disease of which the symptoms cannot be referred to any appreciable lesion or change of structure; the derangement of an organ arising from a cause, often unknown, external to itself opposed to <i>organic disease</i>, in which the organ itself is affected.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Func"tion*al*ize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To assign to some function or office.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Func"tion*al*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a functional manner; as regards normal or appropriate activity.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The organ is said to be <i>functionally</i> disordered.</blockquote> <i>Lawrence.</i></p>

<p><hw>Func"tion*a*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Functionaries</b></plw> (#). [Cf. F. <i>fonctionnaire</i>.] <def>One charged with the performance of a function or office; as, a public <i>functionary</i>; secular <i>functionaries</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Func"tion*less</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Destitute of function, or of an appropriate organ. Darwin.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fund</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>font</i>, <i>fond</i>, nom. <i>fonz</i>, bottom, ground, F. <i>fond</i> bottom, foundation, <i>fonds</i> fund, fr. L. <i>fundus</i> bottom, ground, foundation, piece of land. See <u>Found</u> to establish.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>An aggregation or deposit of resources from which supplies are or may be drawn for carrying on any work, or for maintaining existence.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A stock or capital; a sum of money appropriated as the foundation of some commercial or other operation undertaken with a view to profit; that reserve by means of which expenses and credit are supported; as, the <i>fund</i> of a bank, commercial house, manufacturing corporation, etc.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>pl.</i> <def>The stock of a national debt; public securities; evidences (stocks or bonds) of money lent to government, for which interest is paid at prescribed intervals; — called also <i>public funds</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>An invested sum, whose income is devoted to a specific object; as, the <i>fund</i> of an ecclesiastical society; a <i>fund</i> for the maintenance of lectures or poor students; also, money systematically collected to meet the expenses of some permanent object.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>A store laid up, from which one may draw at pleasure; a supply; a full provision of resources; as, a <i>fund</i> of wisdom or good sense.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>An inexhaustible <i>fund</i> of stories.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Sinking fund</b></col>, <cd>the aggregate of sums of money set apart and invested, usually at fixed intervals, for the extinguishment of the debt of a government, or of a corporation, by the accumulation of interest.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fund</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Funded</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Funding</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To provide and appropriate a fund or permanent revenue for the payment of the interest of; to make permanent provision of resources (as by a pledge of revenue from customs) for discharging the interest of or principal of; as, to <i>fund</i> government notes.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To place in a fund, as money.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To put into the form of bonds or stocks bearing regular interest; as, to <i>fund</i> the floating debt.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fund"a*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Capable of being funded, or converted into a fund; convertible into bonds.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fun"da*ment</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>fundament</i>, <i>fundement</i>, <i>fondement</i>, OF. <i>fundement</i>, <i>fondement</i>, F. <i>fondement</i>, fr. L. <i>fundamentum</i> foundation, fr. <i>fundare</i> to lay the bottom, to found, fr. <i>fundus</i> bottom. See <u>Fund</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Foundation.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The part of the body on which one sits; the buttocks; specifically <i>(Anat.)</i>, the anus.</def> <i>Hume.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fun`da*men"tal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>fondamental</i>.] <def>Pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation. Hence: Essential, as an element, principle, or law; important; original; elementary; as, a <i>fundamental</i> truth; a <i>fundamental</i> axiom.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>fundamental</i> reasons of this war.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Some <i>fundamental</i> antithesis in nature.</blockquote> <i>Whewell.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Fundamental bass</b></col> <i>(Mus.)</i>, <cd>the root note of a chord; a bass formed of the roots or fundamental tones of the chords.</cd> — <col><b>Fundamental chord</b></col> <i>(Mus.)</i>, <cd>a chord, the lowest tone of which is its root.</cd> — <col><b>Fundamental colors</b></col>, <cd>red, green, and violet-blue. See <i>Primary colors</i>, under <u>Color</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fun"da*men`tal</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A leading or primary principle, rule, law, or article, which serves as the groundwork of a system; essential part, as, the <i>fundamentals</i> of the Christian faith.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fun`da*men"tal*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>Primarily; originally; essentially; radically; at the foundation; in origin or constituents.</def> "<i>Fundamentally</i> defective." <i>Burke.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fund"ed</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Existing in the form of bonds bearing regular interest; as, <i>funded</i> debt.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Invested in public funds; as, funded money.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fund"hold"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>One who has money invested in the public funds.</def> <i>J. S. Mill.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fund"ing</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Providing a fund for the payment of the interest or principal of a debt.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Investing in the public funds.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Funding system</b></col>, <cd>a system or scheme of finance or revenue by which provision is made for paying the interest or principal of a public debt.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fund"less</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Destitute of funds.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Fun"dus</hw> (f&ubreve;n"d&ubreve;s), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., bottom.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>The bottom or base of any hollow organ; as, the <i>fundus</i> of the bladder; the <i>fundus</i> of the eye.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fu*ne"bri*al</hw> (f&usl;*n&emacr;"br&ibreve;*<i>a</i>l), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>funebris</i> belonging to a funeral, fr. <i>funus</i> funeral.] <def>Pertaining to a funeral or funerals; funeral; funereal.</def> [Obs.] [Written also <i>funebral</i>.] <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fu*ne"bri*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Funebrial.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Fu"ner*al</hw> (f&umacr;"n&etilde;r*<i>a</i>l), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [LL. <i>funeralia</i>, prop. neut. pl. of <i>funeralis</i> of a funeral, fr. L. <i>funus</i>, <i>funeris</i>, funeral: cf. F. <i>fun&eacute;railles</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The solemn rites used in the disposition of a dead human body, whether such disposition be by interment, burning, or otherwise; esp., the ceremony or solemnization of interment; obsequies; burial; — formerly used in the plural.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>King James his <i>funerals</i> were performed very solemnly in the collegiate church at Westminster.</blockquote> <i>Euller.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The procession attending the burial of the dead; the show and accompaniments of an interment.</def> "The long <i>funerals</i>." <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A funeral sermon; — usually in the plural.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Mr. Giles Lawrence preached his <i>funerals</i>.</blockquote> <i>South.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fu"ner*al</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [LL. <i>funeralis</i>. See <u>Funeral</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <def>Per. taining to a funeral; used at the interment of the dead; as, <i>funeral</i> rites, honors, or ceremonies.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Funeral pile</b></col>, <cd>a structure of combustible material, upon which a dead body is placed to be reduced to ashes, as part of a funeral rite; a pyre.</cd></p>

<p>— <wf>Fu"ner*al*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> [Obs.] <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fu"ner*ate</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [L. <i>funeratus</i>, p. p. of <i>funerare</i> to funerate, fr. <i>funus</i>. See <u>Funeral</u>.] <def>To bury with funeral rites.</def> [Obs.] <i>Cockeram.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fu`ner*a"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>funeratio</i>.] <def>The act of burying with funeral rites.</def> [Obs.] <i>Knatchbull.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fu*ne"re*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>funereus</i>, fr. <i>fentus</i> a funeral.] <def>Suiting a funeral; pertaining to burial; solemn. Hence: Dark; dismal; mournful.</def> <i>Jer. Taylor.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>What seem to us but sad <i>funereal</i> tapers May be heaven's distant lamps.</blockquote> <i>Longfellow.</i></p>

<p>— <wf>Fu*ne"re*al*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Fu*nest"</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>funestus</i>, fr. <i>funus</i> a funeral, destruction: cf. F. <i>funeste</i>.] <def>Lamentable; doleful.</def> [R.] "<i>Funest</i> and direful deaths." <i>Coleridge.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>A forerunner of something very <i>funest</i>.</blockquote> <i>Evelyn.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fun"gal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to fungi.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fun"gate</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>fongate</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A salt of fungic acid.</def> [Formerly written also <i>fungiate</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Funge</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>fungus</i> mushroom, dolt.] <def>A blockhead; a dolt; a fool.</def> [Obs.] <i>Burton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fun"gi</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>See <u>Fungus</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Fun"gi*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. L. <i>fungus</i> mushroom: cf. F. <i>fongie</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A genus of simple, stony corals; — so called because they are usually flat and circular, with radiating plates, like the gills of a mushroom. Some of them are eighteen inches in diameter.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fun"gi*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to the <i>Fungid&aelig;</i>, a family of stony corals.</def> — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One of the <i>Fungid&aelig;</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fun"gi*bles</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [LL. (<i>res</i>) <i>fungibiles</i>, probably fr. L. <i>fungi</i> to discharge. "A barbarous term, supposed to have originated in the use of the words <i>functionem recipere</i> in the Digeste." <i>Bouvier</i>. "Called <i>fungibiles</i>, <i>quia una alterius</i> vice fungitur." <i>John Taylor</i> (1755). Cf. <u>Function</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Civ. Law)</i> <def>Things which may be furnished or restored in kind, as distinguished from specific things; — called also <i>fungible things</i>.</def> <i>Burrill.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Scots Law)</i> <def>Movable goods which may be valued by weight or measure, in contradistinction from those which must be judged of individually.</def> <i>Jamieson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fun"gic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>fungus</i> mushroom: cf. F. <i>fungique</i>, <i>fongique</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Pertaining to, or obtained from, mushrooms; as, fungic acid.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fun"gi*cide`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Fungi</i> + <i>-cide</i>, fr. L. <i>caedere</i> to kill.] <def>Anything that kills fungi.</def> — <wf>Fun`gi*ci"dal</wf> (#), <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Fun"gi*form</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Eungus</i> + <i>-form</i>: cf. F. <i>fongiforme</i>.] <def>Shaped like a fungus or mushroom.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Fungiform papill&aelig;</b></col> <i>(Anat.)</i>, <cd>numerous small, rounded eminences on the upper surface of the tongue.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fun*gil"li*form</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Shaped like a small fungus.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fun"gin</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>fungus</i> mushroom: cf. F, <i>fongine</i>, <i>fungine</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A name formerly given to cellulose found in certain fungi and mushrooms.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fun"gite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>fungus</i> mushroom: cf. F. <i>pongite</i>.] <i>(Paleon.)</i> <def>A fossil coral resembling Fungia.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fun*giv"o*rous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>fungus</i> + <i>vorare</i> to eat greedily: cf. F. <i>fongivore</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Eating fungi; — said of certain insects and snails.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fun"goid</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Fungus</i> + <i>- oil</i>: cf. F. <i>fongo&iuml;de</i>.] <def>Like a fungus; fungous; spongy.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fun*gol"o*gist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A mycologist.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fun*gol"o*gy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Fungus</i> + <i>-logy</i>.] <def>Mycology.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fun*gos"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>fungosit&eacute;</i>, <i>fongosit&eacute;</i>.] <def>The quality of that which is fungous; fungous excrescence.</def> <i>Dunglison.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fun"gous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>fungosus</i>: cf. F. <i>fungueux</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Of the nature of fungi; spongy.</def></p>

<p><! p. 604 !></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Growing suddenly, but not substantial or durable.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fun"gus</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> L. <plw><b>Fungi</b></plw> (#), E. <plw><b>Funguses</b></plw> (#). [L., a mushroom; perh. akin to a doubtful Gr. &?; sponge, for &?;; if so, cf. E. <i>sponge</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Any one of the Fungi, a large and very complex group of thallophytes of low organization, — the molds, mildews, rusts, smuts, mushrooms, toadstools, puff balls, and the allies of each.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The fungi are all destitute of chorophyll, and, therefore, to be supplied with elaborated nourishment, must live as saprophytes or parasites. They range in size from single microscopic cells to systems of entangled threads many feet in extent, which develop reproductive bodies as large as a man's head. The vegetative system consists of septate or rarely unseptate filaments called hyph&aelig;; the aggregation of hyph&aelig; into structures of more or less definite form is known as the mycelium. See Fungi, in the Supplement.</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>A spongy, morbid growth or granulation in animal bodies, as the proud flesh of wounds.</def> <i>Hoblyn.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fu"nic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Funicular.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fu"ni*cle</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>funiculus</i>, dim. of <i>funis</i> cord, rope: cf. F. <i>funicule</i> funicle (in sense 2). Cf. <u>Funambulo</u>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A small cord, ligature, or fiber.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The little stalk that attaches a seed to the placenta.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fu*nic"u*lar</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>funiculaire</i>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Consisting of a small cord or fiber.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Dependent on the tension of a cord.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Pertaining to a funiculus; made up of, or resembling, a funiculus, or funiculi; as, a funicular ligament.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Funicular action</b></col> <i>(Mech.)</i>, <cd>the force or action exerted by a rope in drawing together the supports to which its ends are Fastened, when acted upon by forces applied in a direction transverse to the rope, as in the archer's bow.</cd> — <col><b>Funicular curve</b></col>. <cd>Same as <u>Catenary</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Funicular machine</b></col> <i>(Mech.)</i>, <cd>an apparatus for illustrating certain principles in statics, consisting of a cord or chain attached at one end to a fixed point, and having the other passed over a pulley and sustaining a weight, while one or more other weights are suspended from the cord at points between the fixed support and the pulley.</cd> — <col><b>Funicular polygon</b></col> <i>(Mech.)</i>, <cd>the polygonal figure assumed by a cord fastened at its extremities, and sustaining weights at different points.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fu*nic"u*late</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Forming a narrow ridge.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Fu*nic"u*lus</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Funiculi</b></plw> (#). [L., a little cord. See <u>Funicle</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>A cord, baud, or bundle of fibers; esp., one of the small bundles of fibers, of which large nerves are made up; applied also to different bands of white matter in the brain and spinal cord.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A short cord which connects the embryo of some myriapods with the amnion.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>In Bryozoa, an organ extending back from the stomach. See <u>Bryozoa</u>, and <u>Phylactolema</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fu*nil"i*form</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>funis</i> rope + <i>-form</i>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Resembling a cord in toughness and flexibility, as the roots of some endogenous trees.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Fu"nis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., a rope. ] <def>A cord; specifically, the umbilical cord or navel string.</def></p>

<p><hw>Funk</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>funke</i> a little fire; akin to Prov. E. <i>funk</i> touchwood, G. <i>funke</i> spark, and perh. to Goth. <i>f&?;n</i> fire.] <def>An offensive smell; a stench.</def> [Low]</p>

<p><hw>Funk</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To envelop with an offensive smell or smoke.</def> [Obs.] <i>King.</i></p>

<p><hw>Funk</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To emit an offensive smell; to stink.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To be frightened, and shrink back; to flinch; as, to funk at the edge of a precipice.</def> [Colloq.] <i>C. Kingsley.</i></p>

<p><col><b>To funk out</b></col>, <cd>to back out in a cowardly fashion.</cd> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><blockquote>To <i>funk</i> right out o' political strife.</blockquote> <i>Lowell (Biglow Papers).</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Funk</hw>, <hw>Funk"ing</hw>, } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A shrinking back through fear.</def> [Colloq.] "The horrid panic, or <i>funk</i> (as the men of Eton call it)." <i>De Quincey.</i></p>

<p><hw>Funk"y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pertaining to, or characterized by, great fear, or funking.</def> [Colloq. Eng.]</p>

<p><hw>Fun"nel</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>funel</i>, <i>fonel</i>, prob. through OF. fr, L. <i>fundibulum</i>, <i>infundibulum</i>, funnel, fr. <i>infundere</i> to pour in; in in + <i>fundere</i> to pour; cf. Armor. <i>founil</i> funnel, W. <i>ffynel</i> air hole, chimney. See <u>Fuse</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A vessel of the shape of an inverted hollow cone, terminating below in a pipe, and used for conveying liquids into a close vessel; a tunnel.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A passage or avenue for a fluid or flowing substance; specifically, a smoke flue or pipe; the iron chimney of a steamship or the like.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Funnel box</b></col> <i>(Mining)</i>, <cd>an apparatus for collecting finely crushed ore from water.</cd> <i>Knight.</i> — <col><b>Funnel stay</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>one of the ropes or rods steadying a steamer's funnel.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fun"nel*form`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Having the form of a funnel, or tunnel; that is, expanding gradually from the bottom upward, as the corolla of some flowers; infundibuliform.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fun"ny</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<pos><i>Compar.</i></pos> <u>Funnier</u> (?); <pos><i>superl.</i></pos> <u>Funniest</u>.] [From <u>Fun</u>.] <def>Droll; comical; amusing; laughable.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Funny bone</b></col>. <cd>See <i>crazy bone</i>, under <u>Crazy</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fun"ny</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Funnies</b></plw> (&?;). <def>A clinkerbuit, narrow boat for sculling.</def> [Eng.]</p>

<p><hw>Fur</hw> (f&ucirc;r), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>furre</i>, OF. <i>forre</i>, <i>fuerre</i>, sheath, case, of German origin; cf. OHG. <i>fuotar</i> lining, case, G. <i>futter</i>; akin to Icel. <i>f&omacr;&eth;r</i> lining, Goth. <i>f&omacr;dr</i>, scabbard; cf. Skr. <i>p&amacr;tra</i> vessel, dish. The German and Icel. words also have the sense, <i>fodder</i>, but this was probably a different word originally. Cf. <u>Fodder</u> food, <u>Fother</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>, <u>Forel</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The short, fine, soft hair of certain animals, growing thick on the skin, and distinguished from the hair, which is longer and coarser.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The skins of certain wild animals with the fur; peltry; as, a cargo of furs.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Strips of dressed skins with fur, used on garments for warmth or for ornament.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>pl.</i> <def>Articles of clothing made of fur; as, a set of <i>furs</i> for a lady (a collar, tippet, or cape, muff, etc.).</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Wrapped up in my <i>furs</i>.</blockquote> <i>Lady M. W. Montagu.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>Any coating considered as resembling fur</def>; as: <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A coat of morbid matter collected on the tongue in persons affected with fever.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The soft, downy covering on the skin of a peach.</def> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <def>The deposit formed on the interior of boilers and other vessels by hard water.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <i>(Her.)</i> <def>One of several patterns or diapers used as tinctures. There are nine in all, or, according to some writers, only six.</def> <i>See Tincture.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fur</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to furs; bearing or made of fur; as, a <i>fur</i> cap; the <i>fur</i> trade.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Fur seal</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <cd>one of several species of seals of the genera <i>Callorhinus</i> and <i>Arclocephalus</i>, inhabiting the North Pacific and the Antarctic oceans. They have a coat of fine and soft fur which is highly prized. The northern fur seal (<i>Callorhinus ursinus</i>) breeds in vast numbers on the Prybilov Islands, off the coast of Alaska; — called also <i>sea bear</i>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fur</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Furred</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Furring</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To line, face, or cover with fur; as, <i>furred</i> robes.</def> "You <i>fur</i> your gloves with reason." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To cover with morbid matter, as the tongue.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>To nail small strips of board or larger scantling upon, in order to make a level surface for lathing or boarding, or to provide for a space or interval back of the plastered or boarded surface, as inside an outer wall, by way of protection against damp.</def> <i>Gwill.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fu*ra"cious</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>furax</i>, <i>-racis</i> thievish, from <i>fur</i> thief.] <def>Given to theft; thievish.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Fu*rac"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. furacitas.] <def>Addictedness to theft; thievishness.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Fur"be*low</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Prov. F. <i>farbala</i>, equiv. to F. <i>falbala</i>, It. <i>falbal&agrave;</i>.] <def>A plaited or gathered flounce on a woman's garment.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fur"be*low</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Furbelowed</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Furbelowing</u>.] <def>To put a furbelow on; to ornament.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fur"bish</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Furbished</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Furbishing</u>.] [OE. <i>forbischen</i>, OF. <i>forbir</i>, <i>furbir</i>, <i>fourbir</i>, F. <i>fourbir</i>, fr. OHG. <i>furban</i> to clean. See <u>-ish</u>.] <def>To rub or scour to brightness; to clean; to burnish; as, to <i>furbish</i> a sword or spear.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Furbish</i> new the name of John a Gaunt.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fur"bish*a*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Capable of being furbished.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fur"bish*er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>fourbisseur</i>.] <def>One who furbishes; esp., a sword cutler, who finishes sword blades and similar weapons.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Fur"cate</hw> (?), <hw>Fur"ca*ted</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>furca</i> fork. See <u>Fork</u>.] <def>Forked; branching like a fork; as, <i>furcate</i> twigs.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fur*ca"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A branching like a fork.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fur*cif"er*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>furcifer</i> yoke bearer, scoundrel; <i>furca</i> fork, yoke, fork-shaped instrument of punishment + <i>ferre</i> to bear.] <def>Rascally; scandalous.</def> [R.] "<i>Furciferous</i> knaves." <i>De Quincey.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Fur"cu*la</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., a forked prop, dim. of <i>furca</i> a fork.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>A forked process; the wishbone or furculum.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fur"cu*lar</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Shaped like a fork; furcate.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Fur"cu*lum</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., dim. of L. <i>furca</i> a fork.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>The wishbone or merrythought of birds, formed by the united clavicles.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fur"dle</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [See <u>Fardel</u>, and cf. <u>Furl</u>.] <def>To draw up into a bundle; to roll up.</def> [Ods.]</p>

<p><hw>||Fur"fur</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L.] <def>Scurf; dandruff.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fur"fu*ra"ceous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>furfuraceus</i>.] <def>Made of bran; like bran; scurfy.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fur"fu*ran</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>furfur</i> bran.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A colorless, oily substance, C<sub>4</sub>H<sub>4</sub>O, obtained by distilling certain organic substances, as pine wood, salts of pyromucic acid, etc.; — called also <i>tetraphenol</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fur"fu*ra"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>furfur</i> bran, scurf.] <def>Falling of scurf from the head; desquamation.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fur"fu*rine</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A white, crystalline base, obtained indirectly from furfurol.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fur"fu*rol</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>furfur</i> bran + <i>ole</i>um oil.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A colorless oily liquid, C<sub>4</sub>H<sub>3</sub>O.CHO, of a pleasant odor, obtained by the distillation of bran, sugar, etc., and regarded as an aldehyde derivative of furfuran; — called also <i>furfural</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fur"fu*rous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Made of bran; furfuraceous.</def> [R.] "<i>Furfurous</i> bread." <i>Sydney Smith.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fu"ri*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>furialis</i>: cf. OF. <i>furial</i>.] <def>Furious; raging; tormenting.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fu`ri*bun"dal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>furibundus</i>, fr. <i>furere</i> to rage.] <def>Full of rage.</def> [Obs.] <i>G. Harvey.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fu"ries</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Fury</u>, 3.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fu"rile</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Fur</i>furol + ben<i>zile</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A yellow, crystalline substance, (C<sub>4</sub>H<sub>3</sub>O)<sub>2</sub>.C<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, obtained by the oxidation of furoin.</def> [Written also <i>furil</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Fu*ril"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, furile; as, <i>furilic</i> acid.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Fu"ri*o"so</hw> (?), <pos><i>a. & adv.</i></pos> [It.] <i>(Mus.)</i> <def>With great force or vigor; vehemently.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fu"ri*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>furiosus</i>, fr. <i>furia</i> rage, fury: cf. F. <i>furieux</i>. See <u>Fury</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Transported with passion or fury; raging; violent; as, a <i>furious</i> animal.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Rushing with impetuosity; moving with violence; as, a <i>furious</i> stream; a <i>furious</i> wind or storm.</def></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Impetuous; vehement; boisterous; fierce; turbulent; tumultuous; angry; mad; frantic; frenzied.</p>

<p>— <wf>Fu"ri*ous*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Fu"ri*ous*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Furl</hw> (f&ucirc;rl), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Furled</u> (f&ucirc;rl); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Furling</u>.] [Contr. fr. <i>furdle</i>, fr. <i>fardel</i> bundle: cf. F. <i>ferler</i> to furl, OF. <i>fardeler</i> to pack. See <u>Furdle</u>, <u>Fardel</u>, and cf. <u>Farl</u>.] <def>To draw up or gather into close compass; to wrap or roll, as a sail, close to the yard, stay, or mast, or, as a flag, close to or around its staff, securing it there by a gasket or line.</def> <i>Totten</i>.</p>

<p><hw>Fur"long</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>furlong</i>, <i>furlang</i>, AS. <i>furlang</i>, <i>furlung</i>, prop., the length of a furrow; <i>furh</i> furrow + <i>lang</i> long. See <u>Furrow</u>, and <u>Long</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <def>A measure of length; the eighth part of a mile; forty rods; two hundred and twenty yards.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fur"lough</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Prob. fr. D. <i>verlof</i>, fr. a prefix akin to E. <i>for</i> + the root of E. <i>lief</i>, and akin to Dan. <i>forlov</i>, Sw. <i>f&ouml;rlof</i>, G. <i>verlaub</i> permission. See <u>Life</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <i>(Mil.)</i> <def>Leave of absence; especially, leave given to an officer or soldier to be absent from service for a certain time; also, the document granting leave of absence.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fur"lough</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Furloughed</u> (&?;); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Furloughing</u>.] <i>(Mil.)</i> <def>To furnish with a furlough; to grant leave of absence to, as to an officer or soldier.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Fur"mon*ty</hw> (?), <hw>Fur"mi*ty</hw> (?) } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Frumenty</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fur"nace</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>fornais</i>, <i>forneis</i>, OF. <i>fornaise</i>, F. <i>fournaise</i>, from L. <i>fornax</i>; akin to furnus oven, and prob. to E. <i>forceps</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>An inclosed place in which heat is produced by the combustion of fuel, as for reducing ores or melting metals, for warming a house, for baking pottery, etc.; as, an iron <i>furnace</i>; a hot-air <i>furnace</i>; a glass <i>furnace</i>; a boiler <i>furnace</i>, etc.</def></p>

<p>&fist; Furnaces are classified as <i>wind</i> or <i>air</i>. <i>furnaces</i> when the fire is urged only by the natural draught; as <i>blast furnaces</i>, when the fire is urged by the injection artificially of a forcible current of air; and as <i>reverberatory furnaces</i>, when the flame, in passing to the chimney, is thrown down by a low arched roof upon the materials operated upon.</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A place or time of punishment, affiction, or great trial; severe experience or discipline.</def> <i>Deut. iv. 20.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Bustamente furnace</b></col>, <cd>a shaft furnace for roasting quicksilver ores.</cd> — <col><b>Furnace bridge</b></col>, <cd>Same as <i>Bridge wall</i>.</cd> See <u>Bridge</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, 5. — <col><b>Furnace</b></col> <col><b>cadmiam or cadmia</b></col>, <cd>the oxide of zinc which accumulates in the chimneys of furnaces smelting zinciferous ores.</cd> <i>Raymond.</i> — <col><b>Furnace hoist</b></col> <i>(Iron Manuf.)</i>, <cd>a lift for raising ore, coal, etc., to the mouth of a blast furnace.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fur"nace</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To throw out, or exhale, as from a furnace; also, to put into a furnace.</def> [Obs. or R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>He <i>furnaces</i><BR> The thick sighs from him.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fur"ni*ment</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>fourniment</i>. See <u>Furnish</u>.] <def>Furniture.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fur"nish</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Furnished</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Furnishing</u>.] [OF. <i>furnir</i>, <i>fornir</i>, to <i>furnish</i>, <i>finish</i>, F. <i>fournir</i>; akin to Pr. <i>formir</i>, <i>furmir</i>, <i>fromir</i>, to accomplish, satisfy, fr. OHG. <i>frumjan</i> to further, execute, do, akin to E. <i>frame</i>. See <u>Frame</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>, and <u>- ish</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To supply with anything necessary, useful, or appropriate; to provide; to equip; to fit out, or fit up; to adorn; as, to <i>furnish</i> a family with provisions; to <i>furnish</i> one with arms for defense; to <i>furnish</i> a Cable; to <i>furnish</i> the mind with ideas; to <i>furnish</i> one with knowledge or principles; to <i>furnish</i> an expedition or enterprise, a room or a house.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>That the man of God may be perfect, thoroughly <i>furnished</i><BR> unto all good works.</blockquote> <i>2 Tim. iii. 17,</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To offer for use; to provide (something); to give (something); to afford; as, to <i>furnish</i> food to the hungry: to <i>furnish</i> arms for defense.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Ye are they . . . that <i>furnish</i> the drink offering unto that number.</blockquote> <i>Is. lxv. 11.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>His writings and his life <i>furnish</i> abundant proofs that he was not a man of strong sense.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fur"nish</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>That which is furnished as a specimen; a sample; a supply.</def> [Obs.] <i>Greene.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fur"nish*er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who supplies or fits out.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fur"nish*ment</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The act of furnishing, or of supplying furniture; also, furniture.</def> [Obs.] <i>Daniel.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fur"ni*ture</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>fourniture</i>. See <u>Furnish</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>That with which anything is furnished or supplied; supplies; outfit; equipment.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The form and all the <i>furniture</i> of the earth.</blockquote> <i>Tillotson.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The thoughts which make the <i>furniture</i> of their minds.</blockquote> <i>M. Arnold.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Articles used for convenience or decoration in a house or apartment, as tables, chairs, bedsteads, sofas, carpets, curtains, pictures, vases, etc.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>The necessary appendages to anything, as to a machine, a carriage, a ship, etc.</def> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>The masts and rigging of a ship.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <i>(Mil.)</i> <def>The mountings of a gun.</def> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <def>Builders' hardware such as locks, door and window trimmings.</def> <sd><i>(d)</i></sd> <i>(Print)</i> <def>Pieces of wood or metal of a lesser height than the type, placed around the pages or other matter in a form, and, with the quoins, serving to secure the form in its place in the chase.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Mus.)</i> <def>A mixed or compound stop in an organ; — sometimes called <i>mixture</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fu"ro*in</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Furfurol</u>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A colorless, crystalline substance, C<sub>10</sub>H<sub>8</sub>O<sub>4</sub>, from furfurol.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fu*ro"re</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [It.] <def>Excitement; commotion; enthusiasm.</def></p>

<p><! p. 605 !></p>

<p><hw>Fur"ri*er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>fourreur</i>.] <def>A dealer in furs; one who makes or sells fur goods.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fur"ri*er*y</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Furs, in general.</def> <i>Tooke.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The business of a furrier; trade in furs.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fur"ring</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Carp.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The leveling of a surface, or the preparing of an air space, by means of strips of board or of larger pieces. See <u>Fur</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>, 3.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The strips thus laid on.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Shipbuilding)</i> <def>Double planking of a ship's side.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A deposit from water, as on the inside of a boiler; also, the operation of cleaning away this deposit.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fur"row</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>forow</i>, <i>forgh</i>, <i>furgh</i>, AS. <i>furh</i>; akin to D. <i>voor</i>, OHG. <i>furuh</i>, G. <i>furche</i>, Dan. <i>fure</i>, Sw. <i>f&?;ra</i>, Icel. for drain, L. <i>porca</i> ridge between two furrows.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A trench in the earth made by, or as by, a plow.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Any trench, channel, or groove, as in wood or metal; a wrinkle on the face; as, the furrows of age.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Farrow weed</b></col> <cd>a weed which grows on plowed land.</cd> <i>Shak.</i> — <col><b>To draw a straight furrow</b></col>, <cd>to live correctly; not to deviate from the right line of duty.</cd> <i>Lowell.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fur"row</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Furrowed</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Furrowing</u>.] [From <u>Furrow</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; cf. AS. <i>fyrian</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To cut a furrow in; to make furrows in; to plow; as, to furrow the ground or sea.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To mark with channels or with wrinkles.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Thou canst help time to <i>furrow</i> me with age.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Fair cheeks were <i>furrowed</i> with hot tears.</blockquote> <i>Byron.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fur"row*y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Furrowed.</def> [R.] <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fur"ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [From <u>Fur</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Covered with fur; dressed in fur.</def> "<i>Furry</i> nations." <i>Thomson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Consisting of fur; as, furry spoils.</def> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Resembling fur.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fur"ther</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> [A comparative of forth; OE. <i>further</i>, <i>forther</i>, AS. <i>fur&?;or</i>, <i>far&?;ur</i>; akin to G. <i>f&uuml;rder</i>. See <u>Forth</u>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos>] <def>To a greater distance; in addition; moreover. See <u>Farther</u>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Carries us, I know not how much <i>further</i>, into familiar company.</blockquote> <i>M. Arnold.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>They sdvanced us far as Eleusis and Thria; but no <i>further</i>.</blockquote> <i>Jowett (Thucyd. ).</i></p>

<p><col><b>Further off</b></col>, <cd>not so near; apart by a greater distance.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fur"ther</hw>, <pos><i>a. compar.</i></pos> [<i>Positive wanting</i>; <pos><i>superl.</i></pos> <u>Furthest</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>More remote; at a greater distance; more in advance; farther; as, the <i>further</i> end of the field. See <u>Farther</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Beyond; additional; as, a <i>further</i> reason for this opinion; nothing <i>further</i> to suggest.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The forms <i>further</i> and <i>farther</i> are in general not differentiated by writers, but <i>further</i> is preferred by many when application to quantity or degree is implied.</p>

<p><hw>Fur"ther"</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Furthered</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Furthering</u>.] [OE. <i>furthren</i>, <i>forthren</i>, AS. <i>fyr&eth;ran</i>, <i>fyr&eth;rian</i>. See <u>Further</u>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos>] <def>To help forward; to promote; to advance; to forward; to help or assist.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>This binds thee, then, to <i>further</i> my design.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>I should nothing <i>further</i> the weal public.</blockquote> <i>Robynsom (More's Utopia).</i></p>

<p><hw>Fur"ther*ance</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The act of furthering or helping forward; promotion; advancement; progress.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I know that I shall abide and continue with you all for your<BR> <i>furthersnce</i> and joy of faith.</blockquote> <i>Phil. i. 25.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Built of <i>furtherance</i> and pursuing, Not of spent deeds, but of doing.</blockquote> <i>Emerson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fur"ther*er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who furthers. or helps to advance; a promoter.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fur"ther*more"</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>or conj. Moreover; besides; in addition to what has been said.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fur"ther*most"</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Most remote; furthest.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fur"ther*some</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Tending to further, advance, or promote; helpful; advantageous.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>You will not find it <i>furthersome</i>.</blockquote> <i>Carlyle.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fur"thest</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>superl. Most remote; most in advance; farthest. See <u>Further</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos></def></p>

<p><hw>Fur"thest</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>At the greatest distance; farthest.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fur"tive</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>furtivus</i>, fr. <i>furtum</i> theft, fr. <i>fur</i> thief, akin to <i>ferre</i> to bear: cf. F. <i>furtif</i>. See <u>Fertile</u>.] <def>Stolen; obtained or characterized by stealth; sly; secret; stealthy; as, a furtive look.</def> <i>Prior.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>A hasty and furtive ceremony.</blockquote> <i>Hallam.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fur"tive*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>Stealthily by theft.</def> <i>Lover.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fu"run*cle</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>furunculus</i> a petty thief, a boil, dim. of <i>fur</i> thief: cf. F. <i>furoncle</i>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>A superficial, inflammatory tumor, suppurating with a central core; a boil.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fu*run"cu*lar</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to a furuncle; marked by the presence of furuncles.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fu"ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>fur</i>.] <def>A thief.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Have an eye to your plate, for there be <i>furies</i>.</blockquote> <i>J. Fleteher.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fu"ry</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Furies</b></plw> (#). [L. <i>furia</i>, fr. <i>furere</i> to rage: cf. F. <i>furie</i>. Cf. <u>Furor</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Violent or extreme excitement; overmastering agitation or enthusiasm.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Her wit began to be with a divine <i>fury</i> inspired.</blockquote> <i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Violent anger; extreme wrath; rage; — sometimes applied to inanimate things, as the wind or storms; impetuosity; violence.</def> "<i>Fury</i> of the wind." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>I do oppose my patience to his <i>fury</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>pl. <i>(Greek Myth.)</i> The avenging deities, Tisiphone, Alecto, and Meg&aelig;ra; the Erinyes or Eumenides.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>Furies</i>, they said, are attendants on justice, and if the sun in heaven should transgress his path would punish him.</blockquote> <i>Emerson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>One of the Parc&aelig;, or Fates, esp. Atropos.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Comes the blind <i>Fury</i> with the abhorred shears,<BR> And slits the thin-spun life.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>A stormy, turbulent violent woman; a hag; a vixen; a virago; a termagant.</def></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Anger; indignation; resentment; wrath; ire; rage; vehemence; violence; fierceness; turbulence; madness; frenzy. See <u>Anger</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Furze</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>firs</i>, As. <i>fyrs</i>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A thorny evergreen shrub (<i>Ulex Europ&aelig;us</i>), with beautiful yellow flowers, very common upon the plains and hills of Great Britain; — called also <i>gorse</i>, and <i>whin</i>. The dwarf furze is <i>Ulex nanus</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Furze"chat"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The whinchat; — called also <i>furzechuck</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Furze"ling</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>An English warbler (<i>Melizophilus provincialis</i>); — called also <i>furze wren</i>, and <i>Dartford warbler</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Furz"en</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Furzy; gorsy.</def> [Obs.] <i>Holland.</i></p>

<p><hw>Furz"y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Abounding in, or overgrown with, furze; characterized by furze.</def> <i>Gay.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Fu"sain"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., the spindle tree; also, charcoal made from it.] <i>(Fine Arts)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>Fine charcoal of willow wood, used as a drawing implement.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A drawing made with it. See <u>Charcoal</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> 2, and <i>Charcoal drawing</i>, under <u>Charcoal</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fu"sa*role</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>fusarolle</i>, fr. It. <i>fusaruolo</i>, fr. <i>fuso</i> spindle, shaft of a column. See <u>Fusee</u> a conical wheel.] <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>A molding generally placed under the echinus or quarter round of capitals in the Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian orders of architecture.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fus*ca"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>fuscare</i>, <i>fuscatum</i>, to make dark, fr. <i>fuscus</i> dark.] <def>A darkening; obscurity; obfuscation.</def> [R.] <i>Blount.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fus"cin</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>fuscus</i> dark- colored, tawny.] <i>(Physiol. Chem.)</i> <def>A brown, nitrogenous pigment contained in the retinal epithelium; a variety of melanin.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fus"cine</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A dark-colored substance obtained from empyreumatic animal oil.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Fus"cous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>fuscus</i>.] <def>Brown or grayish black; darkish.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Sad and <i>fuscous</i> colors, as black or brown, or deep purple<BR> and the like.</blockquote> <i>Burke.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fuse</hw> (f&umacr;z), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Fused</u> (f&umacr;zd); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Fusing</u>.] [L. <i>fusus</i>, p. p. of <i>fundere</i> to pour, melt, cast. See <u>Foundo</u> to cast, and cf. <i>Futile</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To liquefy by heat; to render fluid; to dissolve; to melt.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To unite or blend, as if melted together.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Whose fancy <i>fuses</i> old and new.</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fuse</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To be reduced from a solid to a fluid state by heat; to be melted; to melt.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To be blended, as if melted together.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Fusing point</b></col>, <cd>the degree of temperature at which a substance melts; the point of fusion.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fuse</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [For <i>fusee</i>, <i>fusil</i>. See 2d <u>Fusil</u>.] <i>(Gunnery, Mining, etc.)</i> <def>A tube or casing filled with combustible matter, by means of which a charge of powder is ignited, as in blasting; — called also <i>fuzee</i>. See <u>Fuze</u>.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Fuse hole</b></col>, <cd>the hole in a shell prepared for the reception of the fuse.</cd> <i>Farrow.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fu*see"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See 2d <u>Fusil</u>, and cf. <u>Fuse</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A flintlock gun. See 2d <u>Fusil</u>.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A fuse. See <u>Fuse</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A kind of match for lighting a pipe or cigar.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fu*see"</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Etymol. uncertain.] <def>The track of a buck.</def> <i>Ainsworth.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fu*see"</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>fus&eacute;e</i> a spindleful, fusee, LL. <i>fusata</i>, fr. <i>fusare</i> to use a spindle, L. <i>fusus</i> spindle.] <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The cone or conical wheel of a watch or clock, designed to equalize the power of the mainspring by having the chain from the barrel which contains the spring wind in a spiral groove on the surface of the cone in such a manner that the diameter of the cone at the point where the chain acts may correspond with the degree of tension of the spring.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A similar wheel used in other machinery.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fu"sel</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, <hw>Fu"sel oil</hw>. [G. <i>fusel</i> bad liquor.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A hot, acrid, oily liquid, accompanying many alcoholic liquors (as potato whisky, corn whisky, etc.), as an undesirable ingredient, and consisting of several of the higher alcohols and compound ethers, but particularly of amyl alcohol; hence, specifically applied to amyl alcohol.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fu"si*bil"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>fusibilit&eacute;</i>.] <def>The quality of being fusible.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fu"si*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [F. <i>fusible</i>. See <u>Fuse</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>] <def>CapabIe of being melted or liquefied.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Fusible metal</b></col>, <cd>any alloy of different metals capable of being easily fused, especially an alloy of five parts of bismuth, three of lead, and two of tin, which melts at a temperature below that of boiling water.</cd> <i>Ure.</i> — <col><b>Fusible plug</b></col> <i>(Steam Boiler)</i>, <cd>a piece of easily fusible alloy, placed in one of the sheets and intended to melt and blow off the steam in case of low water.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fu"si*form</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>fusus</i> spindle + <i>-form</i>: cf. F. <i>fusiforme</i>.] <def>Shaped like a spindle; tapering at each end; as, a <i>fusiform</i> root; a <i>fusiform</i> cell.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fu"sil</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>fusilis</i> molten, fluid, fr. <i>fundere</i>, <i>fusum</i>, to pour, cast. See <u>Fuse</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Capable of being melted or rendered fluid by heat; fusible.</def> [R.] "A kind of <i>fusil</i> marble" <i>Woodward.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Running or flowing, as a liquid.</def> [R.] "A <i>fusil</i> sea." <i>J. Philips.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Formed by melting and pouring into a mold; cast; founded.</def> [Obs.] <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fu"sil</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>fusil</i>, LL. <i>fosile</i> a steel for kindling fire, from L. <i>focus</i> hearth, fireplace, in LL. fire. See <u>Focus</u>, and cf. <u>Fusee</u> a firelock.] <def>A light kind of flintlock musket, formerly in use.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fu"sil</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See 3d <u>Fusee</u>.] <i>(Her.)</i> <def>A bearing of a rhomboidal figure; — named from its shape, which resembles that of a spindle.</def></p>

<p>&fist; It differs from a lozenge in being longer in proportion to its width.</p>

<p><hw>Fu"sile</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Fusil</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos></def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Fu"sil*eer"</hw>, <hw>Fu"sil*ier"</hw> } (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>fusilier</i>, fr. <i>fusil</i>.] <i>(Mil.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>Formerly, a soldier armed with a fusil. Hence, in the plural:</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A title now borne by some regiments and companies; as, "The Royal <i>Fusiliers</i>," etc.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fu"sil*lade"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>fusillade</i>, cf. It. <i>fucilata</i>. See <u>Fusil</u> a firelock.] <i>(Mil.)</i> <def>A simultaneous discharge of firearms.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fu"sil*lade"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Fusillader</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Fusillading</u>.] <def>To shoot down of shoot at by a simultaneous discharge of firearms.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fu"sion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>fusio</i>, fr. <i>fundere</i>, <i>fusum</i> to pour, melt: cf. F. <i>fusion</i>. See <u>Fuse</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>, and cf. <u>Foison</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act or operation of melting or rendering fluid by heat; the act of melting together; as, the fusion of metals.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The state of being melted or dissolved by heat; a state of fluidity or flowing in consequence of heat; as, metals in fusion.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>The union or blending together of things, as, melted together.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The universal <i>fusion</i> of races, languages, and customs . . . <BR> had produced a corresponding <i>fusion</i> of creeds.</blockquote> <i>C. Kingsley.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Watery fusion</b></col> <i>(Chem.)</i> <cd>the melting of certain crystals by heat in their own water of crystallization.</cd></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>The union, or binding together, of adjacent parts or tissues.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fu"some</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [AS. <i>f&?;san</i> to hasten, fr. <i>f&?;s</i> ready, prompt, quick; akin to OS. <i>f&?;s</i>, OHG. <i>funs</i>, Icel. <i>fuss</i> willing; prob. from the root of E. <i>find</i>.] <def>Handy; reat; handsome; notable.</def> [Prov. Eng.] <i>Halliwell.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fuss</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. <u>Fusome</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A tumult; a bustle; unnecessary or annoying ado about trifles.</def> <i>Byron.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Zealously, assiduously, and with a minimum of <i>fuss</i> or noise</blockquote> <i>Carlyle.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>One who is unduly anxious about trifles.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>I am a <i>fuss</i> and I don't deny it.</blockquote> <i>W. D. Howell.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fuss</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Fussed</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Fussing</u>.] <def>To be overbusy or unduly anxious about trifles; to make a bustle or ado.</def> <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fuss"i*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a fussy manner.</def> <i>Byron.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fuss"i*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality of being fussy.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fuss"y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<pos><i>Compar.</i></pos> <u>Fussier</u> (?); <pos><i>superl</i></pos> <u>Fussiest</u>.] <def>Making a fuss; disposed to make an unnecessary ado about trifles; overnice; fidgety.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Not at all <i>fussy</i> about his personal appearance.</blockquote> <i>R. G. White.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fust</hw> (f&ubreve;st), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>fust</i>, F. <i>f&ucirc;t</i>, fr. L. <i>fustis</i> stick staff.] <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>The shaft of a column, or trunk of a pilaster.</def> <i>Gwilt.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fust</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>fust</i> cask, F. <i>f&ucirc;t</i> cask, taste or smell of the cask, <i>fustiness</i>, cf. sentir le <i>f&ucirc;t</i> to taste of the cask. See 1st <u>Fust</u>.] <def>A strong, musty smell; mustiness.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fust</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To become moldy; to smell ill.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Fust"ed</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Moldy; ill- smelling.</def> [Obs.] <i>Bp. Hall.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fus"ter*ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The coloring matter of fustet.</def> <i>Ure.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fus"tet</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>fustet</i> (cf. Sp. & Pg. <i>fustete</i>), LL. <i>fustetus</i>, fr. L. <i>fustis</i> stick, in LL., tree, See <u>1st Fust</u>, and cf. <u>Fustic</u>.] <def>The wood of the <i>Rhus Cotinus</i> or <i>Venice sumach</i>, a shrub of Southern Europe, which yields a fine orange color, which, however, is not durable without a mordant.</def> <i>Ure.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fus"tian</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>fustan</i>, <i>fustian</i>, OF. <i>fustaine</i>, F. <i>futaine</i>, It. <i>fustagno</i>, fr. LL. <i>fustaneum</i>, <i>fustanum</i>; cf. Pr. <i>fustani</i>, Sp. <i>fustan</i>. So called from <i>Fust&amacr;t</i>, i. e., Cairo, where it was made.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A kind of coarse twilled cotton or cotton and linen stuff, including corduroy, velveteen, etc.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>An inflated style of writing; a kind of writing in which high-sounding words are used, above the dignity of the thoughts or subject; bombast.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Claudius . . . has run his description into the most wretched<BR> <i>fustian</i>.</blockquote> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fus"tian</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Made of fustian.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Pompous; ridiculously tumid; inflated; bombastic; as, <i>fustian</i> history.</def> <i>Walpole.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fus"tian*ist</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A writer of fustian.</def> [R.] <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fus"tic</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>fustoc</i>, Sp. <i>fustoc</i>. Cf. <u>Fustet</u>.] <def>The wood of the <i>Maclura tinctoria</i>, a tree growing in the West Indies, used in dyeing yellow; — called also <i>old fustic</i>.</def> [Written also <i>fustoc</i>.]</p>

<p>&fist; Other kinds of yellow wood are often called <i>fustic</i>; as that of species of <i>Xanthoxylum</i>, and especially the <i>Rhus Cotinus</i>, which is sometimes called <i>young</i> fustic to distinguish it from the <i>Maclura</i>. See <u>Fustet</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Fus"ti*gate</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [L. <i>fustigare</i>, fr. <i>fustis</i> stick. See <u>1st Fust</u>.] <def>To cudgel.</def> [R.] <i>Bailey.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fus"ti*ga"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>fustigation</i>.] <def>A punishment by beating with a stick or club; cudgeling.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>This satire, composed of actual <i>fustigation</i>.</blockquote> <i>Motley.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fus"ti*la"ri*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From <u>Fusty</u>.] <def>A low fellow; a stinkard; a scoundrel.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Fus"ti*lug`</hw> (&?;), <hw>Fus"ti*lugs`</hw> (?) }, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Fusty</i> + <i>lug</i> something heavy, to be drawn or carried.] <def>A gross, fat, unwieldy person.</def> [Obs.] <i>F. Junius.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fust"i*ness</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A fusty state or quality; moldiness; mustiness; an ill smell from moldiness.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fusty</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<pos><i>Compar</i></pos>. <u>Fustier</u> (#); <pos><i>superl</i></pos> <u>Fustiest</u>.] [See <u>2d Fust</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Moldy; musty; ill-smelling; rank.</def> "A <i>fusty</i> nut." "<i>Fusty</i> plebeians." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Moping.</def> [Archaic]</p>

<p><blockquote>A melancholy, <i>fusty</i> humor.</blockquote> <i>Pepys.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fu"sure</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>fusura</i>, fr. <i>fundere</i>, <i>fusum</i>. See <u>Fuse</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>] <def>Act of fusing; fusion.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><! p. 606 !></p>

<p><hw>Futch"el</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The jaws between which the hinder end of a carriage tongue is inserted.</def> <i>Knight.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fu"tile</hw> (?; 277), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>futilis</i> that easily pours out, that easily lets loose, vain, worthless, from the root of <i>fundere</i> to pour out: cf. F. <i>futile</i>. See <u>Fuse</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Talkative; loquacious; tattling.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Talkers and <i>futile</i> persons.</blockquote> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Of no importance; answering no useful end; useless; vain; worthless.</def> "<i>Futile</i> theories." <i>I. Taylor.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>His reasoning . . . was singularly <i>futile</i>.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fu"tile*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a futile manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fu"til`i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>futilitas</i>: cf. F. <i>futilit&eacute;</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The quality of being talkative; talkativeness; loquaciousness; loquacity.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The quality of producing no valuable effect, or of coming to nothing; uselessness.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>futility</i> of this mode of philosophizing.</blockquote> <i>Whewell.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fu"til*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Futile; trifling.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Fu"ttock</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Prob. corrupted fr. <i>foothook</i>.] <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>One of the crooked timbers which are scarfed together to form the lower part of the compound rib of a vessel; one of the crooked transverse timbers passing across and over the keel.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Futtock plates</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>plates of iron to which the dead-eyes of the topmast rigging are secured.</cd> — <col><b>Futtock shrouds</b></col>, <cd>short iron shrouds leading from the upper part of the lower mast or of the main shrouds to the edge of the top, or through it, and connecting the topmast rigging with the lower mast.</cd> <i>Totten.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fu"tur*a*ble</hw> (?; 135), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Capable of being future; possible to occur.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Not only to things future, but <i>futurable</i>.</blockquote> <i>Fuller.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fu"ture</hw> (?; 135), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [F. <i>futur</i>, L. <i>futurus</i>, used as fut. p. of <i>esse</i> to be, but from the same root as E. <i>be</i>. See <u>Be</u>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos>] <def>That is to be or come hereafter; that will exist at any time after the present; as, the next moment is <i>future</i>, to the present.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Future tense</b></col> <i>(Gram.)</i>, <cd>the tense or modification of a verb which expresses a future act or event.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fu"ture</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>futur</i>. See <u>Future</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Time to come; time subsequent to the present (as, the <i>future</i> shall be as the present); collectively, events that are to happen in time to come.</def> "Lay the <i>future</i> open." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The possibilities of the future; — used especially of prospective success or advancement; as, he had great <i>future</i> before him.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Gram.)</i> <def>A future tense.</def></p>

<p><col><b>To deal in futures</b></col>, <cd>to speculate on the future values of merchandise or stocks.</cd> [Brokers' cant]</p>

<p><hw>Fu"ture*less</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Without prospect of betterment in the future.</def> <i>W. D. Howells.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fu"ture*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In time to come.</def> [Obs.] <i>Raleigh.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fu"tur*ist</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One whose chief interests are in what is to come; one who anxiously, eagerly, or confidently looks forward to the future; an expectant.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Theol.)</i> <def>One who believes or maintains that the fulfillment of the prophecies of the Bible is to be in the future.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fu`tu*ri"tial</hw> (?; 135), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Relating to what is to come; pertaining to futurity; future.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Fu`tu*ri"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>futurition</i>.] <def>The state of being future; futurity.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Nothing . . . can have this imagined <i>futurition</i>, but as it is decreed.</blockquote> <i>Coleridge.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fu*tu"ri*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Futurities</b></plw> (&?;).</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>State of being that is yet to come; future state.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Future time; time to come; the future.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Event to come; a future event.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>All <i>futurities</i> are naked before the All-seeing Eye.</blockquote> <i>South.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fuze</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A tube, filled with combustible matter, for exploding a shell, etc. See <u>Fuse</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></def></p>

<p><col><b>Chemical fuze</b></col>, <cd>a fuze in which substances separated until required for action are then brought into contact, and uniting chemically, produce explosion.</cd> — <col><b>Concussion fuze</b></col>, <cd>a fuze ignited by the striking of the projectile.</cd> — <col><b>Electric fuze</b></col>, <cd>a fuze which is ignited by heat or a spark produced by an electric current.</cd> - - <col><b>Friction fuze</b></col>, <cd>a fuze which is ignited by the heat evolved by friction.</cd> — <col><b>Percussion fuze</b></col>, <cd>a fuze in which the ignition is produced by a blow on some fulminating compound.</cd> — <col><b>Time fuze</b></col>, <cd>a fuze adapted, either by its length or by the character of its composition, to burn a certain time before producing an explosion.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fuzz</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To make drunk.</def> [Obs.] <i>Wood.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fuzz</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. Prov. E. <i>fuzzy</i> that ravels (of silk or cotton), D. <i>voos</i> spongy, fungous, G. <i>faser</i> filament. E. <i>feaze</i> to untwist.] <def>Fine, light particles or fibers; loose, volatile matter.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Fuzz ball</b></col>, <cd>a kind of fungus or mushroom, which, when pressed, bursts and scatters a fine dust; a puffball.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Fuzz</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To fly off in minute particles.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fuz"zle</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [Cf. LG. <i>fuseln</i> to drink common liquor, fr. <i>fusel</i> bad liquor.] <def>To make drunk; to intoxicate; to fuddle.</def> [Obs.] <i>Burton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fuzz"y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See <u>Fuzz</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Not firmly woven; that ravels.</def> [Written also <i>fozy</i>.] [Prov. Eng.]</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Furnished with fuzz; having fuzz; like fuzz; as, the <i>fuzzy</i> skin of a peach.</def></p>

<p><hw>-fy</hw> (?). [Through French verbs in <i>-fier</i>, L. <i>- ficare</i>, akin to <i>facere</i> to do, make. See <u>Fact</u>.] <def>A suffix signifying <i>to make</i>, <i>to form into</i>, etc.; as, aceti<i>fy</i>, ampli<i>fy</i>, dandi<i>fy</i>, Frenchi<i>fy</i>, etc.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fy</hw> (?), <pos><i>interj.</i></pos> [See <u>Fie</u>, <i>interj</i>.] <def>A word which expresses blame, dislike, disapprobation, abhorrence, or contempt. See <u>Fie</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Fyke</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [D. <i>fuik</i> a bow net.] <def>A long bag net distended by hoops, into which fish can pass easily, without being able to return; — called also <i>fyke net</i>.</def> <i>Cozzens.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fyl"lot</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Prov. fr. AS. <i>fy&?;erf&?;te</i>, <i>fierf&?;te</i>, <i>fe&oacute;werf&?;te</i>. See <u>Four</u>, and <u>Foot</u>, n.] <def>A rebated cross, formerly used as a secret emblem, and a common ornament. It is also called <i>gammadion</i>, and <i>swastika</i>.</def> </p>

<p><hw>Fyrd</hw> (?), <hw>Fyr"dung</hw> (&?;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS.; akin to E. <i>fare</i>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos>] <i>(Old. Eng. Hist.)</i> <def>The military force of the whole nation, consisting of all men able to bear arms.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The national <i>fyrd</i> or militia.</blockquote> <i>J. R. Green.</i></p>

<p><hw>Fytte</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Fit</u> a song.</def> [Archaic]</p>

<p><point26>G.</point26></p>

<p><hw>G</hw> (j&emacr;) <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>G is the seventh letter of the English alphabet, and a vocal consonant. It has two sounds; one simple, as in <i>gave</i>, <i>go</i>, <i>gull</i>; the other compound (like that of <i>j</i>), as in <i>gem</i>, <i>gin</i>, <i>dingy</i>. See <i>Guide to Pronunciation</i>, &sect;&sect; 231-6, 155, 176, 178, 179, 196, 211, 246.</def></p>

<p>The form of G is from the Latin, in the alphabet which it first appeared as a modified form of C. The name is also from the Latin, and probably comes to us through the French. Etymologically it is most closely related to a <i>c</i> hard, <i>k y</i>, and <i>w</i>; as in <i>c</i>orn, <i>g</i>rain, <i>k</i>ernel; <i>k</i>in L. <i>g</i>enus, Gr. &?;; E. <i>g</i>arden, <i>y</i>ard; dra<i>g</i>, dra<i>w</i>; also to <i>ch</i> and <i>h</i>; as in <i>g</i>et, pre<i>h</i>ensile; <i>g</i>uest, <i>h</i>ost (an army); <i>g</i>all, <i>ch</i>oler; <i>g</i>ust, <i>ch</i>oose. See <u>C</u>.</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Mus.)</i> <def>G is the name of the fifth tone of the natural or model scale; — called also <i>sol</i> by the Italians and French. It was also originally used as the treble clef, and has gradually changed into the character represented in the margin. See <u>Clef</u>. G&sharp; (G sharp) is a tone intermediate between G and A.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gab</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. <u>Gaff</u>.] <i>(Steam Engine)</i> <def>The hook on the end of an eccentric rod opposite the strap. See. <i>Illust.</i> of <u>Eccentric</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gab</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>gabbe</i> gabble, mocking, fr. Icel. <i>gabb</i> mocking, mockery, or OF. <i>gab</i>, <i>gabe</i>; perh. akin to E. <i>gape</i>, or <i>gob</i>. Cf. <u>Gab</u>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos>, <u>Gibber</u>.] <def>The mouth; hence, idle prate; chatter; unmeaning talk; loquaciousness.</def> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><col><b>Gift of gab</b></col>, <cd>facility of expression.</cd> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><hw>Gab</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [OE. <i>gabben</i> to jest, lie, mock, deceive, fr. Icel. <i>gabba</i> to mock, or OF. <i>gaber</i>. See 2d <u>Gab</u>, and cf. <u>Gabble</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To deceive; to lie.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To talk idly; to prate; to chatter.</def> <i>Holinshed.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gab"ar*age</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A kind of coarse cloth for packing goods.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Gab`ar*dine"</hw>, <hw>Gab`er*dine"</hw> (&?;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Sp. <i>gabardina</i>; cf. It. <i>gavardina</i>, OF. <i>galvardine</i>, <i>calvardine</i>, <i>gavardine</i>, <i>galeverdine</i>; perh. akin to Sp. & OF. <i>gaban</i> a sort of cloak or coat for rainy weather, F. <i>caban</i> great coat with a hood and sleeves, It. <i>gabbano</i> and perh. to E. <i>cabin</i>.] <def>A coarse frock or loose upper garment formerly worn by Jews; a mean dress.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gab"ber</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A liar; a deceiver.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>One addicted to idle talk.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gab"ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Gabbled</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Gabbling</u> (?).] [Freq. of <i>gab</i>. See <u>Gab</u>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To talk fast, or to talk without meaning; to prate; to jabber.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To utter inarticulate sounds with rapidity; as, <i>gabbling</i> fowls.</def> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gab"ble</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Loud or rapid talk without meaning.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Forthwith a hideous <i>gabble</i> rises loud<BR> Among the builders.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Inarticulate sounds rapidly uttered; as of fowls.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gab"bler</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who gabbles; a prater.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gab"bro</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [It.] <i>(Geol.)</i> <def>A name originally given by the Italians to a kind of serpentine, later to the rock called euphotide, and now generally used for a coarsely crystalline, igneous rock consisting of lamellar pyroxene (diallage) and labradorite, with sometimes chrysolite (olivine gabbro).</def></p>

<p><hw>Ga"bel</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>gabelle</i>, LL. <i>gabella</i>, <i>gabulum</i>, <i>gablum</i>; of uncertain origin. Cf.<u>Gavel</u> tribute.] <i>(O. Eng. Law)</i> <def>A rent, service, tribute, custom, tax, impost, or duty; an excise.</def> <i>Burrill.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>He enables St. Peter to pay his <i>gabel</i> by the ministry of a fish.</blockquote> <i>Jer. Taylor.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ga"bel*er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(O. Eng. Law)</i> <def>A collector of gabels or taxes.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Ga`belle"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. See <u>Gabel</u>.] <def>A tax, especially on salt.</def> [France] <i>Brande & C.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ga*belle"man</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A gabeler.</def> <i>Carlyle.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gab`er*dine"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Gabardine</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gab"er-lun`zie</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gael. <i>gabair</i> talker + <i>lunndair</i> idler.] <def>A beggar with a wallet; a licensed beggar.</def> [Scot.] <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gab"ert</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf.F. <i>gabare</i>, Arm. <i>kobar</i>, <i>gobar</i>.] <def>A lighter, or vessel for inland navigation.</def> [Scot.] <i>Jamieson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ga"bi*on</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>[F., from It. <i>gabbione</i> a large cage, gabion, from <i>gabbia</i> cage, L. <i>cavea</i>. See <u>Cage</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Fort.)</i> <def>A hollow cylinder of wickerwork, like a basket without a bottom. Gabions are made of various sizes, and filled with earth in building fieldworks to shelter men from an enemy's fire.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Hydraul. Engin.)</i> <def>An openwork frame, as of poles, filled with stones and sunk, to assist in forming a bar dyke, etc., as in harbor improvement.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ga`bi*on*ade"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>gabionnade</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Fort.)</i> <def>A traverse made with gabions between guns or on their flanks, protecting them from enfilading fire.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A structure of gabions sunk in lines, as a core for a sand bar in harbor improvements.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ga"bi*on*age</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>gabionnage</i>.] <i>(Mil.)</i> <def>The part of a fortification built of gabions.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ga"bi*oned</hw> (?), <pos><i>p. a.</i></pos> <def>Furnished with gabions.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Ga`bion`nade"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Gabionade</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ga"ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A cable.</def> [Archaic] <i>Chapman.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ga"ble</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>gable</i>, <i>gabil</i>, F. <i>gable</i>, fr. LL. <i>gabalum</i> front of a building, prob. of German or Scand. origin; cf. OHG. <i>gibil</i>, G. <i>giebel</i> gable, Icel. <i>gafl</i>, Goth. <i>gibla</i> pinnacle; perh. akin to Gr. &?; head, and E. <i>cephalic</i>, or to G. <i>gabel</i> fork, AS. <i>geafl</i>, E. <i>gaffle</i>, L. <i>gabalus</i> a kind of gallows.] <i>(Arch.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The vertical triangular portion of the end of a building, from the level of the cornice or eaves to the ridge of the roof. Also, a similar end when not triangular in shape, as of a gambrel roof and the like.</def> Hence: <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The end wall of a building, as distinguished from the front or rear side.</def> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <def>A decorative member having the shape of a triangular gable, such as that above a Gothic arch in a doorway.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Bell gable</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Bell</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Gable roof</b></col>, <cd>a double sloping roof which forms a gable at each end.</cd> — <col><b>Gable wall</b></col>. <cd>Same as <u>Gable</u> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd>.</cd> — <col><b>Gable window</b></col>, <cd>a window in a gable.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Ga"blet</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>A small gable, or gable-shaped canopy, formed over a tabernacle, niche, etc.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gab"lock</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Gavelock</u>.] <def>A false spur or gaff, fitted on the heel of a gamecock.</def> <i>Wright.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ga"by</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Icel. <i>gapi</i> a rash, reckless man. Cf. <u>Gafe</u>.] <def>A simpleton; a dunce; a lout.</def> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><hw>Gad</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>gad</i>, Icel. <i>gaddr</i> goad, sting; akin to Sw. <i>gadd</i> sting, Goth. <i>gazds</i>, G. <i>gerte</i> switch. See <u>Yard</u> a measure.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The point of a spear, or an arrowhead.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A pointed or wedge-shaped instrument of metal, as a steel wedge used in mining, etc.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I will go get a leaf of brass,<BR> And with a <i>gad</i> of steel will write these words.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A sharp-pointed rod; a goad.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>A spike on a gauntlet; a gadling.</def> <i>Fairholt.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>A wedge-shaped billet of iron or steel.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Flemish steel . . . some in bars and some in <i>gads</i>.</blockquote> <i>Moxon.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>A rod or stick, as a fishing rod, a measuring rod, or a rod used to drive cattle with.</def> [Prov. Eng. Local, U.S.] <i>Halliwell. Bartlett.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Upon the gad</b></col>, <cd>upon the spur of the moment; hastily.</cd> [Obs.] "All this done <i>upon the gad!</i>" <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gad</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Gadded</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Gadding</u>.] [Prob. fr. <i>gad</i>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, and orig. meaning <i>to drive about</i>.] <def>To walk about; to rove or go about, without purpose; hence, to run wild; to be uncontrolled.</def> "The <i>gadding</i> vine." <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Why <i>gaddest</i> thou about so much to change thy way?</blockquote> <i>Jer. ii. 36.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gad"a*bout`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A gadder</def> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><hw>Gad"bee`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The gadfly.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gad"der</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who roves about idly, a rambling gossip.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gad"ding</hw>, <pos><i>a. & n.</i></pos> <def>Going about much, needlessly or without purpose.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Envy is a <i>gadding</i> passion, and walketh the streets.</blockquote> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The good nuns would check her <i>gadding</i> tongue.</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Gadding car</b></col>, <cd>in quarrying, a car which carries a drilling machine so arranged as to drill a line of holes.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Gad"ding*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a roving, idle manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gad"dish</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Disposed to gad.</def> — <wf>Gad"dish*nes</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> "Gaddishness and folly." <i>Abp. Leighton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gade</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. Cod the fish.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A small British fish (<i>Motella argenteola</i>) of the Cod family.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A pike, so called at Moray Firth; — called also <i>gead</i>.</def> [Prov. Eng.]</p>

<p><! p. 607 !></p>

<p><hw>Gad"er*e</hw> (?), <hw>Gad"re</hw> (&?;), <pos><i>v. t. & i.</i></pos> <def>To gather.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gad"fly`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Gadflies</b></plw> (#). [<i>Gad</i> + <i>fly</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any dipterous insect of the genus <i>Oestrus</i>, and allied genera of botflies.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The sheep <i>gadfly</i> (<i>Oestrus ovis</i>) deposits its young in the nostrils of sheep, and the larv&aelig; develop in the frontal sinuses. The common species which infests cattle (<i>Hypoderma bovis</i>) deposits its eggs upon or in the skin where the larv&aelig; or bots live and produce sores called <i>wormels</i>. The <i>gadflies</i> of the horse produce the intestinal parasites called <i>bots</i>. See <u>Botfly</u>, and <u>Bots</u>. The true horseflies are often erroneously called <i>gadflies</i>, and the true <i>gadflies</i> are sometimes incorrectly called <i>breeze flies</i>.</p>

<p><col><b>Gadfly petrel</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>one of several small petrels of the genus <i>Oestrelata</i>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Gadhel"ic</hw> (g&amacr;l"&ibreve;k), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See <u>Gaelic</u>.] <def>Of or pertaining to that division of the Celtic languages, which includes the Irish, Gaelic, and Manx.</def> <i>J. Peile.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gad"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, the cod (<i>Gadus</i>); — applied to an acid obtained from cod-liver oil, viz., <i>gadic</i> acid.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gad`i*ta`ni*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>Gaditanus</i>, fr. <i>Gades</i> Cadiz.] <def>Of or relating to Cadiz, in Spain.</def> — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A native or inhabitant of Cadiz.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gad"ling</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Gad</i>, n. + <i>- ling</i>.] <i>(Medi&aelig;val Armor)</i> [R.] <def>See <u>Gad</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, 4.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gad"ling</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See <u>Gad</u>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos>] <def>Gadding about.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Gad"ling</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A roving vagabond.</def> [Obs.] <i>Rom. of R.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gadman</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A gadsman.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ga"doid</hw> (?; 277), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [NL. <i>gadus</i> cod + <i>-oid</i>: cf. F. <i>gado&iuml;de</i> gadoid, Gr. &?; a sort of fish, F. <i>gade</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to the family of fishes (<i>Gadid&aelig;</i>) which includes the cod, haddock, and hake.</def> — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One of the <i>Gadid&aelig;</i>.</def> [Written also <i>gadid</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Gad`o*lin"i*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Gadolinite</u>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A rare earth, regarded by some as an oxide of the supposed element gadolinium, by others as only a mixture of the oxides of yttrium, erbium, ytterbium, etc.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gad`o*lin"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Pertaining to or containing gadolinium.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gad"o*lin*ite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Named after <i>Gadolin</i>, a Russian chemist.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>A mineral of a nearly black color and vitreous luster, and consisting principally of the silicates of yttrium, cerium, and iron.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gad`o*lin"i*um</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Gadolinite</u>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A supposed rare metallic element, with a characteristic spectrum, found associated with yttrium and other rare metals. Its individuality and properties have not yet been determined.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gads"man</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who uses a gad or goad in driving.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gad"u*in</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>[NL. <i>gadus</i> codfish.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A yellow or brown amorphous substance, of indifferent nature, found in cod-liver oil.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gad"wall</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Gad</i> to walk about + <i>well</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A large duck (<i>Anas strepera</i>), valued as a game bird, found in the northern parts of Europe and America; — called also <i>gray duck</i>.</def> [Written also <i>gaddwell</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Gael</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.sing. & pl.</i></pos> [See <u>Gaelic</u>.] <i>(Ethnol.)</i> <def>A Celt or the Celts of the Scotch Highlands or of Ireland; now esp., a Scotch Highlander of Celtic origin.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gael"ic</hw> (?; 277), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gael. <i>G&agrave;idhealach</i>, <i>Gaelach</i>, from <i>G&agrave;idheal</i>, <i>Gael</i>, a Scotch Highlander.] <i>(Ethnol.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to the Gael, esp. to the Celtic Highlanders of Scotland; as, the <i>Gaelic</i> language.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gael"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gael. <i>Gaelig</i>, <i>G&agrave;ilig</i>.] <def>The language of the Gaels, esp. of the Highlanders of Scotland. It is a branch of the Celtic.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gaff</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>gaffe</i>, F. <i>gaffe</i> an iron hook with which seamen pull great fishes into their ships; cf. Ir. <i>gaf</i>, <i>gafa</i> hook; perh. akin to G. <i>gabel</i> fork, Skr. <i>gabhasti</i>. Cf. <u>Gaffle</u>, <u>Gable</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A barbed spear or a hook with a handle, used by fishermen in securing heavy fish.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>The spar upon which the upper edge of a fore-and-aft sail is extended.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Same as <u>Gaffle</u>, 1.</def> <i>Wright.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gaff</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Gaffed</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Gaffing</u>.] <def>To strike with a gaff or barbed spear; to secure by means of a gaff; as, to <i>gaff</i> a salmon.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gaf"fer</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Possibly contr. fr. <i>godfather</i>; but prob. fr. <i>gramfer</i> for <i>grandfather</i>. Cf. <u>Gammer</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>An old fellow; an aged rustic.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Go to each <i>gaffer</i> and each goody.</blockquote> <i>Fawkes.</i></p>

<p>&fist; <i>Gaffer</i> was originally a respectful title, now degenerated into a term of familiarity or contempt when addressed to an aged man in humble life.</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A foreman or overseer of a gang of laborers.</def> [Prov. Eng.]</p>

<p><hw>Gaf"fle</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. AS. <i>geafl</i> fork, LG., D., Sw., & Dan. <i>gaffel</i>, G. <i>gabel</i>, W. <i>gafl</i>, Ir. & Gael. <i>gabhal</i>. Cf. <u>Gaff</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>An artificial spur or gaff for gamecocks.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A lever to bend crossbows.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gaff`-top"sail</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>A small triangular sail having its foot extended upon the gaff and its luff upon the topmast.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gag</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Gagged</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Gagging</u> (?).] [Prob. fr. W. <i>cegio</i> to choke or strangle, fr. <i>ceg</i> mouth, opening, entrance.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To stop the mouth of, by thrusting sometimes in, so as to hinder speaking; hence, to silence by authority or by violence; not to allow freedom of speech to.</def> <i>Marvell.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The time was not yet come when eloquence was to be <i>gagged</i>, and reason to be hood winked.</blockquote> <i>Maccaulay.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To pry or hold open by means of a gag.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Mouths <i>gagged</i> to such a wideness.</blockquote> <i>Fortescue (Transl.).</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To cause to heave with nausea.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gag</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To heave with nausea; to retch.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To introduce gags or interpolations. See <u>Gag</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, 3.</def> [Slang] <i>Cornill Mag.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gag</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Something thrust into the mouth or throat to hinder speaking.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A mouthful that makes one retch; a choking bit; as, a <i>gag</i> of mutton fat.</def> <i>Lamb.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A speech or phrase interpolated offhand by an actor on the stage in his part as written, usually consisting of some seasonable or local allusion.</def> [Slang] </p>

<p><col><b>Gag rein</b></col> <i>(Harness)</i>, <cd>a rein for drawing the bit upward in the horse's mouth.</cd> — <col><b>Gag runner</b></col> <i>(Harness)</i>, <cd>a loop on the throat latch guiding the gag rein.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Gag"ate</hw> (?; 48), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>gagates</i>. See <u>Jet</u> a black mineral.] <def>Agate.</def> [Obs.] <i>Fuller.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gage</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>gage</i>, LL. <i>gadium</i>, <i>wadium</i>; of German origin; cf. Goth. <i>wadi</i>, OHG. <i>wetti</i>, <i>weti</i>, akin to E. <i>wed</i>. See <u>Wed</u>, and cf. <u>Wage</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A pledge or pawn; something laid down or given as a security for the performance of some act by the person depositing it, and forfeited by nonperformance; security.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Nor without <i>gages</i> to the needy lend.</blockquote> <i>Sandys.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A glove, cap, or the like, cast on the ground as a challenge to combat, and to be taken up by the accepter of the challenge; a challenge; a defiance.</def> "There I throw my <i>gage</i>." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gage</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [So called because an English family named <i>Gage</i> imported the greengage from France, in the last century.] <def>A variety of plum; as, the <i>greengage</i>; also, the blue <i>gage</i>, frost <i>gage</i>, golden <i>gage</i>, etc., having more or less likeness to the greengage. See <u>Greengage</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gage</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Gaged</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Gaging</u> (?).] [Cf. F. <i>gager</i>. See <u>Gage</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, a pledge.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To give or deposit as a pledge or security for some act; to wage or wager; to pawn or pledge.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>A moiety competent<BR> Was <i>gaged</i> by our king.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To bind by pledge, or security; to engage.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Great debts<BR> Wherein my time, sometimes too prodigal,<BR> Hath left me <i>gaged</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gage</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A measure or standard. See <u>Gauge</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></def></p>

<p><hw>Gage</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To measure. See <u>Gauge</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos></def></p>

<p><blockquote>You shall not <i>gage</i> me<BR> <i>By what we do to-night</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ga"ger</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A measurer. See <u>Gauger</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gag"ger</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who gags.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Founding)</i> <def>A piece of iron imbedded in the sand of a mold to keep the sand in place.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gag"gle</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Gaggled</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Gaggling</u> (?).] [Of imitative origin; cf. D. <i>gaggelen</i>, <i>gagelen</i>, G. <i>gackeln</i>, <i>gackern</i>, MHG. <i>g&?;gen</i>, E. <i>giggle</i>, <i>cackle</i>.] <def>To make a noise like a goose; to cackle.</def> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gag"gle</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. <u>Gaggle</u> <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos>] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A flock of wild geese.</def> [Prov. Eng.] <i>Halliwell.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gag"tooth`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <u>Gagteeth</u> (&?;). <def>A projecting tooth.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Gag"-toothed"</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having gagteeth.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Gahn"ite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Named after <i>Gahn</i>, a Swedish chemist.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>Zinc spinel; automolite.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ga*id"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; earth.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Pertaining to hypogeic acid; — applied to an acid obtained from hypogeic acid.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gai"e*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Gayety</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gail"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A jailer.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Gail`lard"</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [F. See <u>Galliard</u>.] <def>Gay; brisk; merry; galliard.</def> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Gail*liarde"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Galliard</u> a dance.] <def>A lively French and Italian dance.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gai"ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> [From <u>Gay</u>.] <def>Merrily; showily. See <u>gaily</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gain</hw> (g&amacr;n), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. W. <i>gan</i> a mortise.] <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>A square or beveled notch cut out of a girder, binding joist, or other timber which supports a floor beam, so as to receive the end of the floor beam.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gain</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [OE. <i>gein</i>, <i>gain</i>, good, near, quick; cf. Icel. <i>gegn</i> ready, serviceable, and <i>gegn</i>, adv., against, opposite. Cf. <u>Ahain</u>.] <def>Convenient; suitable; direct; near; handy; dexterous; easy; profitable; cheap; respectable.</def> [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]</p>

<p><hw>Gain</hw> (g&amacr;n), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>gain</i>, <i>gein</i>, <i>ga&yogh;hen</i>, gain, advantage, Icel. <i>gagn</i>; akin to Sw. <i>gagn</i>, Dan. <i>gavn</i>, cf. Goth. <i>gageigan</i> to gain. The word was prob. influenced by F. <i>gain</i> gain, OF. <i>gaain</i>. Cf. <u>Gain</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>That which is gained, obtained, or acquired, as increase, profit, advantage, or benefit; — opposed to <i>loss</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>But what things were <i>gain</i> to me, those I counted loss for Christ.</blockquote> <i>Phil. iii. 7.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Godliness with contentment is great <i>gain</i>.</blockquote> <i>1 Tim. vi. 6.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Every one shall share in the <i>gains</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The obtaining or amassing of profit or valuable possessions; acquisition; accumulation.</def> "The lust of <i>gain</i>." <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gain</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Gained</u> (g&amacr;nd); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Gaining</u>.] [From <i>gain</i>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> but. prob. influenced by F. <i>gagner</i> to earn, gain, OF. <i>gaaignier</i> to cultivate, OHG. <i>weidin&omacr;n</i>, <i>weidinen</i> to pasture, hunt, fr. <i>weida</i> pasturage, G. <i>weide</i>, akin to Icel. <i>vei&eth;r</i> hunting, AS. <i>w&amacr;&eth;u</i>, cf. L. <i>venari</i> to hunt, E. <i>venison</i>. See <u>Gain</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, profit.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To get, as profit or advantage; to obtain or acquire by effort or labor; as, to <i>gain</i> a good living.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>What is a man profited, if he shall <i>gain</i> the whole world, and lose his own soul?</blockquote> <i>Matt. xvi. 26.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>To <i>gain</i> dominion, or to keep it <i>gained</i>.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>For fame with toil we <i>gain</i>, but lose with ease.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To come off winner or victor in; to be successful in; to obtain by competition; as, to <i>gain</i> a battle; to <i>gain</i> a case at law; to <i>gain</i> a prize.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To draw into any interest or party; to win to one's side; to conciliate.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>If he shall hear thee, thou hast <i>gained</i> thy brother.</blockquote> <i>Matt. xviii. 15.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>To gratify the queen, and <i>gained</i> the court.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To reach; to attain to; to arrive at; as, to <i>gain</i> the top of a mountain; to <i>gain</i> a good harbor.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Forded Usk and <i>gained</i> the wood.</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>To get, incur, or receive, as loss, harm, or damage.</def> [Obs. or Ironical]</p>

<p><blockquote>Ye should . . . not have loosed from Crete, and to have <i>gained</i> this harm and loss.</blockquote> <i>Acts xxvii. 21.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Gained day</b></col>, <cd>the calendar day gained in sailing eastward around the earth.</cd> — <col><b>To gain ground</b></col>, <cd>to make progress; to advance in any undertaking; to prevail; to acquire strength or extent.</cd> — <col><b>To gain over</b></col>, <cd>to draw to one's party or interest; to win over.</cd> — <col><b>To gain the wind</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>to reach the windward side of another ship.</cd></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — To obtain; acquire; get; procure; win; earn; attain; achieve. See <u>Obtain</u>. — <u>To Gain</u>, <u>Win</u>. <i>Gain</i> implies only that we get something by exertion; <i>win</i>, that we do it in competition with others. A person <i>gains</i> knowledge, or <i>gains</i> a prize, simply by striving for it; he <i>wins</i> a victory, or <i>wins</i> a prize, by taking it in a struggle with others.</p>

<p><hw>Gain</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To have or receive advantage or profit; to acquire gain; to grow rich; to advance in interest, health, or happiness; to make progress; as, the sick man <i>gains</i> daily.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Thou hast greedily <i>gained</i> of thy neighbors by extortion.</blockquote> <i>Ezek. xxii. 12.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Gaining twist</b></col>, <cd>in rifled firearms, a twist of the grooves, which increases regularly from the breech to the muzzle.</cd> <col><b>To gain on</b></col> or <col><b>upon</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>To encroach on; as, the ocean <i>gains on</i> the land.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>To obtain influence with.</cd> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <cd>To win ground upon; to move faster than, as in a race or contest.</cd> <sd><i>(d)</i></sd> <cd>To get the better of; to have the advantage of.</cd></p>

<p><blockquote>The English have not only <i>gained upon</i> the Venetians in the Levant, but have their cloth in Venice itself.</blockquote> <i>Addison.</i> </p>

<p><blockquote>My good behavior had so far <i>gained on</i> the emperor, that I began to conceive hopes of liberty.</blockquote> <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gain"a*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [CF. F. <i>gagnable</i>. See <u>Gain</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>] <def>Capable of being obtained or reached.</def> <i>Sherwood.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gain"age</hw> (?, 48), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>gaignage</i> pasturage, crop, F. <i>gaignage</i> pasturage. See <u>Gain</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>] <i>(O. Eng. Law)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The horses, oxen, plows, wains or wagons and implements for carrying on tillage.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The profit made by tillage; also, the land itself.</def> <i>Bouvier.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gain"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who gains.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gain"ful</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Profitable; advantageous; lucrative.</def> "A <i>gainful</i> speculation." <i>Macaulay.</i> — <wf>Gain"ful*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Gain"ful*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Gain"giv`ing</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Again</u>, and <u>Give</u>.] <def>A misgiving.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Gain"less</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Not producing gain; unprofitable.</def> <i>Hammond.</i> — <wf>Gain"less/ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Gain"ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> [See <u>Gain</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <def>Handily; readily; dexterously; advantageously.</def> [Obs.] <i>Dr. H. More.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gain"pain`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>[F. <i>gagner</i> to gain + <i>pain</i> bread.] <def>Bread-gainer; — a term applied in the Middle Ages to the sword of a hired soldier.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gain`say"</hw> (? or ?; 277), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Gainsaid</u> (? or ?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Gainsaying</u>.] [OE. <i>geinseien</i>, <i>ageinseien</i>. See <u>Again</u>, and <u>Say</u> to utter.] <def>To contradict; to deny; to controvert; to dispute; to forbid.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I will give you a mouth and wisdom which all your adversaries shall not be able to <i>gainsay</i> nor resist.</blockquote> <i>Luke xxi. 15.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The just gods <i>gainsay</i><BR>
That any drop thou borrow'dst from thy mother,<BR>
My sacred aunt, should by my mortal sword<BR>
Be drained.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gain`say"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who gainsays, contradicts, or denies.</def> "To convince the <i>gainsayers</i>." <i>Tit. i. 9.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gain"some</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Gainful.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Prepossessing; well-favored.</def> [Obs.] <i>Massinger.</i></p>

<p><hw>'Gainst</hw> (?), <pos><i>prep.</i></pos> <def>A contraction of <u>Against</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gain"stand`</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Gainstood</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>gainstanding</u>.] [See <u>Again</u>, and <u>Stand</u>.] <def>To withstand; to resist.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Durst . . . <i>gainstand</i> the force of so many enraged desires.</blockquote> <i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gain"strive`</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t. & i.</i></pos> [See <u>Again</u>, and <u>Strive</u>.] <def>To strive or struggle against; to withstand.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gair"fowl`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>See <u>Garefowl</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gair"ish</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos>, <hw>Gair"ish*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos>, <hw>Gair"ish/ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Garish</u>, <u>Garishly</u>, <u>Garishness</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gait</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Gate</u> a way.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A going; a walk; a march; a way.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Good gentleman, go your <i>gait</i>, and let poor folks pass.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Manner of walking or stepping; bearing or carriage while moving.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>'T is Cinna; I do know him by his <i>gait</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gait"ed</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having (such) a gait; — used in composition; as, slow-<i>gaited</i>; heavy- <i>gaited</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gait"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>gu&ecirc;tre</i>, cf. Armor. <i>gweltren</i>; or perh. of German origin, and akin to E. <i>wear</i>, v.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A covering of cloth or leather for the ankle and instep, or for the whole leg from the knee to the instep, fitting down upon the shoe.</def></p>

<p><! p. 608 !></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A kind of shoe, consisting of cloth, and covering the ankle.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gai"ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To dress with gaiters.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gai"tre</hw>, <hw>Gay"tre</hw> (&?;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. Cf. <u>Gatten tree</u>.] <def>The dogwood tree.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ga"la</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>gala</i> show, pomp, fr. It. <i>gala</i> finery, gala; of German origin. See <u>Gallant</u>.] <def>Pomp, show, or festivity.</def> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Gala day</b></col>, <cd>a day of mirth and festivity; a holiday.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Ga*lac"ta-gogue</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;, &?;, milk + &?; to lead.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>An agent exciting secretion of milk.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ga*lac"tic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; milky, fr. &?;, &?;, milk. See <u>Galaxy</u>, and cf. <u>Lactic</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Of or pertaining to milk; got from milk; as, <i>galactic</i> acid.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Of or pertaining to the galaxy or Milky Way.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Galactic circle</b></col> <i>(Astron.)</i>, <cd>the great circle of the heavens, to which the course of the galaxy most nearly conforms.</cd> <i>Herschel.</i> — <col><b>Galactic poles</b></col>, <cd>the poles of the galactic circle.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Ga*lac"tin</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;, &?;, milk. Cf. <u>Lactin</u>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>An amorphous, gelatinous substance containing nitrogen, found in milk and other animal fluids. It resembles peptone, and is variously regarded as a coagulating or emulsifying agent.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A white waxy substance found in the sap of the South American cow tree (<i>Galactodendron</i>).</def> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <def>An amorphous, gummy carbohydrate resembling gelose, found in the seeds of leguminous plants, and yielding on decomposition several sugars, including galactose.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ga*lac`to*den*sim"e*ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;, &?; + E. <i>densimeter</i>.] <def>Same as <u>Galactometer</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gal`ac*tom"e*ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;, &?;, milk + <i>-meter</i>: cf. F. <i>galactom&egrave;tre</i>. Cf. <u>Lactometer</u>.] <def>An instrument for ascertaining the quality of milk (<i>i.e.</i>, its richness in cream) by determining its specific gravity; a lactometer.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gal`ac*toph"a*gist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;, &?;, milk + &?; to eat: cf. &?; to live on milk.] <def>One who eats, or subsists on, milk.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gal`ac*toph"a*gous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;: cf. F. <i>galactophade</i>.] <def>Feeding on milk.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gal`ac*toph"o*rous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;; &?;, &?;, milk + &?; to bear: cf. F. <i>galactophore</i>. Cf. <u>Lactiferous</u>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Milk-carrying; lactiferous; — applied to the ducts of mammary glands.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ga*lac`to*poi*et"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;, &?;, milk + &?; capable of making; fr. &?; to make.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Increasing the flow of milk; milk-producing.</def> — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A galactopoietic substance.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ga*lac"tose</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A white, crystalline sugar, C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>12</sub>O<sub>6</sub>, isomeric with dextrose, obtained by the decomposition of milk sugar, and also from certain gums. When oxidized it forms mucic acid. Called also <i>lactose</i> (though it is not lactose proper).</def></p>

<p><hw>Ga*lage"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Obs.)</i> <def>See <u>Galoche</u>.</def> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ga*la"go</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Galagos</b></plw> (#). [Native name.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A genus of African lemurs, including numerous species.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The <i>grand galago</i> (<i>Galago crassicaudata</i>) is about the size of a cat; the <i>mouse galago</i> (<i>G. murinus</i>)is about the size of a mouse.</p>

<p>{ <hw>Ga*lan"ga</hw> (?), <hw>Ga*lan"gal</hw> (?) }, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>[OE. <i>galingale</i>, OF. <i>galingal</i>, <i>garingal</i>, F. <i>galanga</i> (cf. Sp. <i>galanga</i>), prob. fr. Ar. <i>khalanj&?;n</i>. ] <def>The pungent aromatic rhizome or tuber of certain East Indian or Chinese species of <i>Alpinia</i> (<i>A. Galanga</i> and <i>A. officinarum</i>) and of the <i>K&aelig;mpferia Galanga</i>), — all of the Ginger family.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gal"an*tine</hw> (? or ?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>galantine</i>.] <def>A dish of veal, chickens, or other white meat, freed from bones, tied up, boiled, and served cold.</def> <i>Smart.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gal"a*pee` tree"</hw> (?), <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The West Indian <i>Sciadophyllum Brownei</i>, a tree with very large digitate leaves.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ga*la"tian</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to Galatia or its inhabitants. — A native or inhabitant of Galatia, in Asia Minor; a descendant of the Gauls who settled in Asia Minor.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gal"ax*y</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Galaxies</b></plw> (#). [F. <i>galaxie</i>, L. <i>galaxias</i>, fr. Gr. &?; (sc. &?; circle), fr. &?;, &?;, milk; akin to L. <i>lac</i>. Cf. <u>Lacteal</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Astron.)</i> <def>The Milky Way; that luminous tract, or belt, which is seen at night stretching across the heavens, and which is composed of innumerable stars, so distant and blended as to be distinguishable only with the telescope. The term has recently been used for remote clusters of stars.</def> <i>Nichol.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A splendid assemblage of persons or things.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Gal"ban</hw>, <hw>Gal"ba*num</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>galbanum</i>, Gr. &?;, prob. from Heb. <i>klekb'n&?;h</i>: cf. F. <i>galbanum</i>.] <def>A gum resin exuding from the stems of certain Asiatic umbelliferous plants, mostly species of <i>Ferula</i>. The <i>Bubon Galbanum</i> of South Africa furnishes an inferior kind of galbanum. It has an acrid, bitter taste, a strong, unpleasant smell, and is used for medical purposes, also in the arts, as in the manufacture of varnish.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gale</hw> (g&amacr;l), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Prob. of Scand. origin; cf. Dan. <i>gal</i> furious, Icel. <i>galinn</i>, cf. Icel. <i>gala</i> to sing, AS. <i>galan</i> to sing, Icel. <i>galdr</i> song, witchcraft, AS. <i>galdor</i> charm, sorcery, E. nightin<i>gale</i>; also, Icel. <i>gj&omacr;la</i> gust of wind, <i>gola</i> breeze. Cf. <u>Yell</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A strong current of air; a wind between a stiff breeze and a hurricane. The most violent gales are called <i>tempests</i>.</def></p>

<p>&fist; <i>Gales</i> have a velocity of from about eighteen ("moderate") to about eighty ("very heavy") miles an our. <i>Sir. W. S. Harris.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A moderate current of air; a breeze.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A little <i>gale</i> will soon disperse that cloud.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>And winds of gentlest <i>gale</i> Arabian odors fanned<BR> From their soft wings.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A state of excitement, passion, or hilarity.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The ladies, laughing heartily, were fast getting into what, in New England, is sometimes called a <i>gale</i>.</blockquote> <i>Brooke (Eastford).</i></p>

<p><col><b>Topgallant gale</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>one in which a ship may carry her topgallant sails.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Gale</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>To sale, or sail fast.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gale</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>gal</i>. See <u>Gale</u> wind.] <def>A song or story.</def> [Obs.] <i>Toone.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gale</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [AS. <i>galan</i>. See 1st <u>Gale</u>.] <def>To sing.</def> [Obs.] "Can he cry and <i>gale</i>." <i>Court of Love.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gale</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>gagel</i>, akin to D. <i>gagel</i>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A plant of the genus <i>Myrica</i>, growing in wet places, and strongly resembling the bayberry. The sweet gale (<i>Myrica Gale</i>) is found both in Europe and in America.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gale</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. <u>Gabel</u>.] <def>The payment of a rent or annuity.</def> [Eng.] <i>Mozley & W.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Gale day</b></col>, <cd>the day on which rent or interest is due.</cd></p>

<p><hw>||Ga"le*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., a helmet.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The upper lip or helmet-shaped part of a labiate flower.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Surg.)</i> <def>A kind of bandage for the head.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Pathol.)</i> <def>Headache extending all over the head.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Paleon.)</i> <def>A genus of fossil echini, having a vaulted, helmet-shaped shell.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The anterior, outer process of the second joint of the maxillae in certain insects.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gal"e*as</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Galleass</u>.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Ga"le*ate</hw> (?), <hw>Ga"le*a`ted</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>galeatus</i>, p. p. of <i>galeare</i> helmet.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Wearing a helmet; protected by a helmet; covered, as with a helmet.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>Helmeted; having a helmetlike part, as a crest, a flower, etc.; helmet-shaped.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Ga"le*i</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr. <i>Galeus</i>, name of one genus, fr. Gr. &?; a kind of shark.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>That division of elasmobranch fishes which includes the sharks.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ga*le"na</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>[L. <i>galena</i> lead ore, dross that remains after melting lead: cf. F. <i>gal&egrave;ne</i> sulphide of lead ore, antidote to poison, stillness of the sea, calm, tranquility.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>A remedy or antidote for poison; theriaca.</def> [Obs.] <i>Parr.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Min.)</i> <def>Lead sulphide; the principal ore of lead. It is of a bluish gray color and metallic luster, and is cubic in crystallization and cleavage.</def></p>

<p><col><b>False galena</b></col>. <cd>See <u>Blende</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Ga*len"ic</hw> (?), <hw>Ga*len"ic*al</hw> (&?;), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pertaining to, or containing, galena.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ga*len"ic</hw>, <hw>Ga*len"ic*al</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [From <i>Galen</i>, the physician.] <def>Relating to Galen or to his principles and method of treating diseases.</def> <i>Dunglison.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Galenic pharmacy</b></col>, <cd>that branch of pharmacy which relates to the preparation of medicines by infusion, decoction, etc., as distinguished from those which are chemically prepared.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Ga"len*ism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The doctrines of Galen.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ga*len*ist</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A follower of Galen.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ga*le"nite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Min.)</i> <def>Galena; lead ore.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Ga`le*o*pi*the"cus</hw> (g&amacr;`l&esl;*&osl;*p&ibreve;*th&emacr;"k&ubreve;s), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. <grk>gale`h</grk> a weasel + <grk>pi`qhkos</grk> an ape.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A genus of flying Insectivora, formerly called <i>flying lemurs</i>. See <u>Colugo</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gal`er*ic"u*late</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>galericulum</i>, dim. of <i>galerum</i> a hat or cap, fr. <i>galea</i> helmet.] <def>Covered as with a hat or cap.</def> <i>Smart.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gal"er*ite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>galerum</i> a hat, cap: cf. F. <i>gal&eacute;rite</i>.] <i>(Paleon.)</i> <def>A cretaceous fossil sea urchin of the genus <i>Galerites</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ga*li"cian</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. Sp. <i>Galiciano</i>, <i>Gallego</i>, fr. L. <i>Gallaecus</i>, <i>Gallaicus</i>, fr. <i>Gallaeci</i> a people in Western Spain.] <def>Of or pertaining to Galicia, in Spain, or to Galicia, the kingdom of Austrian Poland.</def> — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A native of Galicia in Spain; — called also <i>Gallegan</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gal`i*le"an</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to Galileo; as, the <i>Galilean</i> telescope. See <u>Telescope</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gal`i*le"an</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>Galilaeus</i>, fr. <i>Galilaea</i> Galilee, Gr. &?;: cf. F. <i>galil&eacute;en</i>.] <def>Of or relating to Galilee.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gal`i*le"an</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A native or inhabitant of Galilee, the northern province of Palestine under the Romans.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Jewish Hist.)</i> <def>One of the party among the Jews, who opposed the payment of tribute to the Romans; — called also <i>Gaulonite</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A Christian in general; — used as a term of reproach by Mohammedans and Pagans.</def> <i>Byron.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gal"i*lee</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Supposed to have been so termed in allusion to the scriptural "Galilee of the Gentiles." cf. OF. <i>galil&eacute;e</i>.] <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>A porch or waiting room, usually at the west end of an abbey church, where the monks collected on returning from processions, where bodies were laid previous to interment, and where women were allowed to see the monks to whom they were related, or to hear divine service. Also, frequently applied to the porch of a church, as at Ely and Durham cathedrals.</def> <i>Gwilt.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gal`i*ma"tias</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F.] <def>Nonsense; gibberish; confused and unmeaning talk; confused mixture.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Her dress, like her talk, is a <i>galimatias</i> of several countries.</blockquote> <i>Walpole.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gal"in*gale</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Galangal</u>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A plant of the Sedge family (<i>Cyperus longus</i>) having aromatic roots; also, any plant of the same genus.</def> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Meadow, set with slender <i>galingale</i>.</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gal"i*ot</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>galiote</i>, F. <i>galiote</i>. See <u>Galley</u>.] <i>(Naut.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A small galley, formerly used in the Mediterranean, built mainly for speed. It was moved both by sails and oars, having one mast, and sixteen or twenty seats for rowers.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A strong, light-draft, Dutch merchant vessel, carrying a mainmast and a mizzenmast, and a large gaff mainsail.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gal"i*pot</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>galipot</i>; cf. OF. <i>garipot</i> the wild pine or pitch tree.] <def>An impure resin of turpentine, hardened on the outside of pine trees by the spontaneous evaporation of its essential oil. When purified, it is called <i>yellow pitch</i>, <i>white pitch</i>, or <i>Burgundy pitch</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gall</hw> (g&add;l), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>[OE. <i>galle</i>, <i>gal</i>, AS. <i>gealla</i>; akin to D. <i>gal</i>, OS. & OHG. <i>galla</i>, Icel. <i>gall</i>, SW. <i>galla</i>, Dan. <i>galde</i>, L. <i>fel</i>, Gr. &?;, and prob. to E. <i>yellow</i>. &radic;49. See <u>Yellow</u>, and cf. <u>Choler</u>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Physiol.)</i> <def>The bitter, alkaline, viscid fluid found in the gall bladder, beneath the liver. It consists of the secretion of the liver, or bile, mixed with that of the mucous membrane of the gall bladder.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The gall bladder.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Anything extremely bitter; bitterness; rancor.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He hath . . . compassed me with <i>gall</i> and travail.</blockquote> <i>Lam. iii. 5.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Comedy diverted without <i>gall</i>.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Impudence; brazen assurance.</def> [Slang]</p>

<p><col><b>Gall bladder</b></col> <i>(Anat.)</i>, <cd>the membranous sac, in which the bile, or gall, is stored up, as secreted by the liver; the cholecystis. See <i>Illust.</i> of <i>Digestive apparatus</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Gall duct</b></col>, <cd>a duct which conveys bile, as the cystic duct, or the hepatic duct.</cd> — <col><b>Gall sickness</b></col>, <cd>a remitting bilious fever in the Netherlands.</cd> <i>Dunglison.</i> — <col><b>Gall of the earth</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>an herbaceous composite plant with variously lobed and cleft leaves, usually the <i>Prenanthes serpentaria</i>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Gall</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>galle</i>, noix de <i>galle</i>, fr. L. <i>galla</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>An excrescence of any form produced on any part of a plant by insects or their larvae. They are most commonly caused by small Hymenoptera and Diptera which puncture the bark and lay their eggs in the wounds. The larvae live within the galls. Some galls are due to aphids, mites, etc. See <u>Gallnut</u>.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The <i>galls</i>, or <i>gallnuts</i>, of commerce are produced by insects of the genus <i>Cynips</i>, chiefly on an oak (<i>Quercus infectoria or Lusitanica</i>) of Western Asia and Southern Europe. They contain much tannin, and are used in the manufacture of that article and for making ink and a black dye, as well as in medicine.</p>

<p><col><b>Gall insect</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>any insect that produces galls.</cd> — <col><b>Gall midge</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>any small dipterous insect that produces galls.</cd> — <col><b>Gall oak</b></col>, <cd>the oak (<i>Quercus infectoria</i>) which yields the galls of commerce.</cd> — <col><b>Gall of glass</b></col>, <cd>the neutral salt skimmed off from the surface of melted crown glass; — called also <i>glass gall</i> and <i>sandiver</i>.</cd> <i>Ure.</i> — <col><b>Gall wasp</b></col>. <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <cd>See <u>Gallfly</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Gall</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <i>(Dyeing)</i> <def>To impregnate with a decoction of gallnuts.</def> <i>Ure.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gall</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Galled</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Galling</u>.] [OE. <i>gallen</i>; cf. F. <i>galer</i> to scratch, rub, <i>gale</i> scurf, scab, G. <i>galle</i> a disease in horses' feet, an excrescence under the tongue of horses; of uncertain origin. Cf. <u>Gall</u> gallnut.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To fret and wear away by friction; to hurt or break the skin of by rubbing; to chafe; to injure the surface of by attrition; as, a saddle <i>galls</i> the back of a horse; to <i>gall</i> a mast or a cable.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I am loth to <i>gall</i> a new-healed wound.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To fret; to vex; as, to be <i>galled</i> by sarcasm.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>They that are most <i>galled</i> with my folly,<BR> They most must laugh.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To injure; to harass; to annoy; as, the troops were <i>galled</i> by the shot of the enemy.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>In our wars against the French of old, we used to <i>gall</i> them with our longbows, at a greater distance than they could shoot their arrows.</blockquote> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gall</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To scoff; to jeer.</def> [R.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gall</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A wound in the skin made by rubbing.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gal"lant</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [F. <i>gallant</i>, prop. <i>p. pr.</i> of OF. <i>galer</i> to rejoice, akin to OF. <i>gale</i> amusement, It. <i>gala</i> ornament; of German origin; cf. OHG. <i>geil</i> merry, luxuriant, wanton, G. <i>geil</i> lascivious, akin to AS. <i>g&?;l</i> wanton, wicked, OS. <i>g&?;l</i> merry, Goth. <i>gailjan</i> to make to rejoice, or perh. akin to E. <i>weal</i>. See <u>Gala</u>, <u>Galloon</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Showy; splendid; magnificent; gay; well- dressed.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The town is built in a very <i>gallant</i> place.</blockquote> <i>Evelyn.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Our royal, good and <i>gallant</i> ship.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Noble in bearing or spirit; brave; high- spirited; courageous; heroic; magnanimous; as, a <i>gallant</i> youth; a <i>gallant</i> officer.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>That <i>gallant</i> spirit hath aspired the clouds.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The gay, the wise, the <i>gallant</i>, and the grave.</blockquote> <i>Waller.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — <u>Gallant</u>, <u>Courageous</u>, <u>Brave</u>. <i>Courageous</i> is generic, denoting an inward spirit which rises above fear; <i>brave</i> is more outward, marking a spirit which braves or defies danger; <i>gallant</i> rises still higher, denoting bravery on extraordinary occasions in a spirit of adventure. A <i>courageous</i> man is ready for battle; a <i>brave</i> man courts it; a <i>gallant</i> man dashes into the midst of the conflict.</p>

<p><hw>Gal*lant"</hw> (?; 277), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Polite and attentive to ladies; courteous to women; chivalrous.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gal*lant"</hw> (?; 277), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A man of mettle or spirit; a gay, fashionable man; a young blood.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>One fond of paying attention to ladies.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>One who wooes; a lover; a suitor; in a bad sense, a seducer.</def> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p>&fist; In the first sense it is by some ortho&euml;pists (as in Shakespeare) accented on the first syllable.</p>

<p><hw>Gal*lant"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Gallanted</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Gallanting</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To attend or wait on, as a lady; as, to <i>gallant</i> ladies to the play.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To handle with grace or in a modish manner; as, to <i>gallant</i> a fan.</def> [Obs.] <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gal*lant"ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a polite or courtly manner; like a gallant or wooer.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gal"lant*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a gallant manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gal"lant*ness</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality of being gallant.</def></p>

<p><! p. 609 !></p>

<p><hw>Gal"lant*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Gallantries</b></plw> (#). [F. <i>galanterie</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Splendor of appearance; ostentatious finery.</def> [Archaic]</p>

<p><blockquote>Guess the <i>gallantry</i> of our church by this . . . when the desk whereon the priest read was inlaid with plates of silver.</blockquote> <i>Fuller.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Bravery; intrepidity; as, the troops behaved with great <i>gallantry</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Civility or polite attention to ladies; in a bad sense, attention or courtesy designed to win criminal favors from a female; freedom of principle or practice with respect to female virtue; intrigue.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Gallant persons, collectively.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Helenus, Antenor, and all the <i>gallantry</i> of Troy.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — See <u>Courage</u>, and <u>Heroism</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Gal"late</hw> (?; 277), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>gallate</i>. See <u>Gall</u> gallnut.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A salt of gallic acid.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gal"la*ture</hw> (?; 135), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From L. <i>gallus</i> a cock.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The tread, treadle, or chalasa of an egg.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gal"le*ass</hw> (?; 135), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>gal&eacute;asse</i>, <i>gal&eacute;ace</i>; cf. It. <i>galeazza</i>, Sp. <i>galeaza</i>; LL. <i>galea</i> a galley. See <u>Galley</u>.] <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>A large galley, having some features of the galleon, as broadside guns; esp., such a vessel used by the southern nations of Europe in the 16th and 17th centuries. See <u>Galleon</u>, and <u>Galley</u>.</def> [Written variously <i>galeas</i>, <i>gallias</i>, etc.]</p>

<p>&fist; "The <i>galleasses</i> . . . were a third larger than the ordinary galley, and rowed each by three hundred galley slaves. They consisted of an enormous towering structure at the stern, a castellated structure almost equally massive in front, with seats for the rowers amidships." <i>Motley.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Gal*le"gan</hw> (g&abreve;l*l&emacr;"g<i>a</i>n), <hw>Gal*le"go</hw> (g&abreve;l*l&emacr;"g&osl; or g&adot;*ly&amacr;"g&osl;), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Sp. <i>Gallego</i>.] <def>A native or inhabitant of Galicia, in Spain; a Galician.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gal"le*&iuml;n</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Pyro<i>gall</i>ol + phthal<i>e&iuml;n</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A red crystalline dyestuff, obtained by heating together pyrogallic and phthalic acids.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gal"le*on</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Sp. <i>galeon</i>, cf. F. <i>galion</i>; fr. LL. <i>galeo</i>, <i>galio</i>. See <u>Galley</u>.] <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>A sailing vessel of the 15th and following centuries, often having three or four decks, and used for war or commerce. The term is often rather indiscriminately applied to any large sailing vessel.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>galleons</i> . . . were huge, round-stemmed, clumsy vessels, with bulwarks three or four feet thick, and built up at stem and stern, like castles.</blockquote> <i>Motley.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gal"le*ot</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>See <u>Galiot</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gal"ler*y</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Galleries</b></plw> (#). [F. <i>galerie</i>, It. <i>galleria</i>, fr. LL. <i>galeria</i> gallery, perh. orig., a festal hall, banquetting hall; cf. OF. <i>galerie</i> a rejoicing, fr. <i>galer</i> to rejoice. Cf. <u>Gallant</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A long and narrow corridor, or place for walking; a connecting passageway, as between one room and another; also, a long hole or passage excavated by a boring or burrowing animal.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A room for the exhibition of works of art; as, a picture <i>gallery</i>; hence, also, a large or important collection of paintings, sculptures, etc.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A long and narrow platform attached to one or more sides of public hall or the interior of a church, and supported by brackets or columns; — sometimes intended to be occupied by musicians or spectators, sometimes designed merely to increase the capacity of the hall.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>A frame, like a balcony, projecting from the stern or quarter of a ship, and hence called <i>stern gallery</i> or <i>quarter gallery</i>, — seldom found in vessels built since 1850.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <i>(Fort.)</i> <def>Any communication which is covered overhead as well as at the sides. When prepared for defense, it is a <i>defensive gallery</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <i>(Mining)</i> <def>A working drift or level.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Whispering gallery</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Whispering</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Gal"le*tyle</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>gallytile</i>. Cf. <u>Gallipot</u>.] <def>A little tile of glazed earthenware.</def> [Obs.] "The substance of <i>galletyle</i>." <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gal"ley</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Galleys</b></plw> (#). [OE. <i>gale</i>, <i>galeie</i> (cf. OF. <i>galie</i>, <i>gal&eacute;e</i>, LL. <i>galea</i>, LGr. &?;; of unknown origin.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>A vessel propelled by oars, whether having masts and sails or not</def>; as: <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A large vessel for war and national purposes; — common in the Middle Ages, and down to the 17th century.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A name given by analogy to the Greek, Roman, and other ancient vessels propelled by oars.</def> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <def>A light, open boat used on the Thames by customhouse officers, press gangs, and also for pleasure.</def> <sd><i>(d)</i></sd> <def>One of the small boats carried by a man-of- war.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The typical galley of the Mediterranean was from one hundred to two hundred feet long, often having twenty oars on each side. It had two or three masts rigged with lateen sails, carried guns at prow and stern, and a complement of one thousand to twelve hundred men, and was very efficient in mediaeval warfare. Galleons, galliots, galleasses, half galleys, and quarter galleys were all modifications of this type.</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The cookroom or kitchen and cooking apparatus of a vessel; — sometimes on merchant vessels called the <i>caboose</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>An oblong oven or muffle with a battery of retorts; a gallery furnace.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> [F. <i>gal&eacute;e</i>; the same word as E. <i>galley</i> a vessel.] <i>(Print.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>An oblong tray of wood or brass, with upright sides, for holding type which has been set, or is to be made up, etc.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A proof sheet taken from type while on a galley; a galley proof.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Galley slave</b></col>, <cd>a person condemned, often as a punishment for crime, to work at the oar on board a galley.</cd> "To toil like a <i>galley slave</i>." <i>Macaulay.</i>— <col><b>Galley slice</b></col> <i>(Print.)</i>, <cd>a sliding false bottom to a large galley.</cd> <i>Knight.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gal"ley-bird`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Etymol. uncertain.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The European green woodpecker; also, the spotted woodpecker.</def> [Prov. Eng.]</p>

<p><hw>Gal"ley-worm`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Prob. so called because the numerous legs along the sides move rhythmically like the oars of a galley.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A chilognath myriapod of the genus <i>Iulus</i>, and allied genera, having numerous short legs along the sides; a milliped or "thousand legs." See <u>Chilognatha</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gall"fly`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Gallflies</b></plw> (&?;). <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>An insect that deposits its eggs in plants, and occasions galls, esp. any small hymenopteran of the genus <i>Cynips</i> and allied genera. See <i>Illust.</i> of <u>Gall</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gal`li*am"bic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>galliambus</i> a song used by the priests of Cybele; <i>Gallus</i> (a name applied to these priests) + <i>iambus</i>] <i>(Pros.)</i> <def>Consisting of two iambic dimeters catalectic, the last of which lacks the final syllable; — said of a kind of verse.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gal"li*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See <u>Gallic</u>.] <def>Gallic; French.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gal"liard</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [OE., fr. F. <i>gaillard</i>, perh. of Celtic origin; cf. Ir. & Gael. <i>galach</i> valiant, or AS. <i>gagol</i>, <i>geagl</i>, wanton, lascivious.] <def>Gay; brisk; active.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Gal"liard</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A brisk, gay man.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Selden is a <i>galliard</i> by himself.</blockquote> <i>Cleveland.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gal"liard</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>gaillarde</i>, cf. Sp. <i>gallarda</i>. See <u>Galliard</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <def>A gay, lively dance. Cf. <u>Gailliarde</u>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Never a hall such a <i>galliard</i> did grace.</blockquote> <i>Sir. W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gal`liard*ise</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>gaillardise</i>. See <u>Galliard</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <def>Excessive gayety; merriment.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>The mirth and <i>galliardise</i> of company.</blockquote> <i>Sir. T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gal"liard*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Gayety.</def> [Obs.] <i>Gayton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gal"li*ass</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Galleass</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gal"lic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [From <u>Gallium</u>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Pertaining to, or containing, gallium.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gal"lic</hw> (277), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [From <u>Gall</u> the excrescence.] <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, galls, nutgalls, and the like.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Gallic acid</b></col> <i>(Chem.)</i>, <cd>an organic acid, very widely distributed in the vegetable kingdom, being found in the free state in galls, tea, etc., and produced artificially. It is a white, crystalline substance, C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>2</sub>(HO)<sub>3</sub>.CO<sub>2</sub>H, with an astringent taste, and is a strong reducing agent, as employed in photography. It is usually prepared from tannin, and both give a dark color with iron salts, forming tannate and gallate of iron, which are the essential ingredients of common black ink.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Gal"lic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>Gallicus</i> belonging to the Gauls, fr. <i>Galli</i> the Gauls, <i>Gallia</i> Gaul, now France: cf. F. <i>gallique</i>.] <def>Pertaining to Gaul or France; Gallican.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gal"li*can</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>Gallicanus</i>: cf. F. <i>gallican</i>.] <def>Of or pertaining to Gaul or France; Gallic; French; as, the <i>Gallican</i> church or clergy.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gal"li*can</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>An adherent to, and supporter of, Gallicanism.</def> <i>Shipley.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gal"li*can*ism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The principles, tendencies, or action of those, within the Roman Catholic Church in France, who (esp. in 1682) sought to restrict the papal authority in that country and increase the power of the national church.</def> <i>Schaff-Herzog Encyc.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gal"li*cism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>gallicisme</i>.] <def>A mode of speech peculiar to the French; a French idiom; also, in general, a French mode or custom.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gal"li*cize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Gallicized</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Gallicizing</u> (?).] <def>To conform to the French mode or idiom.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gal"lied</hw> (?), <pos><i>p. p. & a.</i></pos> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>Worried; flurried; frightened.</def> <i>Ham. Nav. Encyc.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gal"li*form</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Like the Gallinae (or <i>Galliformes</i>) in structure.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gal`li*gas"kins</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [Prob. corrupted fr. It. <i>Grechesco</i> Grecian, a name which seems to have been given in Venice, and to have been afterwards confused with <i>Gascony</i>, as if they came from Gascony.] <def>Loose hose or breeches; leather leg quards. The word is used loosely and often in a jocose sense.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Gal`li*ma"ti*a</hw> (? or ?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Senseless talk. [Obs. or R.] See <u>Galimatias</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gal`li*mau"fry</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Gallimaufries</b></plw> (#). [F. <i>galimafr&eacute;e</i> a sort of ragout or mixed hash of different meats.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A hash of various kinds of meats, a ragout.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Delighting in hodge-podge, <i>gallimaufries</i>, forced meat.</blockquote> <i>King.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Any absurd medley; a hotchpotch.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The Mahometan religion, which, being a <i>gallimaufry</i> made up of many, partakes much of the Jewish.</blockquote> <i>South.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gal"lin</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A substance obtained by the reduction of galle&iuml;n.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Gal"li*nace*ae</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Gallinaceous</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Gallinae</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gal`li*na"cean</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of the Gallinae or gallinaceous birds.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gal`li*na"ceous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos>[L. <i>gallinaceus</i>, fr. <i>gallina</i> hen, fr. <i>gallus</i> cock.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Resembling the domestic fowls and pheasants; of or pertaining to the Gallinae.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Gal*li"nae</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> [NL., fr. L. <i>gallina</i> a hen, <i>gallus</i> a cock.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>An order of birds, including the common domestic fowls, pheasants, grouse, quails, and allied forms; — sometimes called <i>Rasores</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gall"ing</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Fitted to gall or chafe; vexing; harassing; irritating.</def> — <wf>Gall"ing*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Gal"li*nip`per</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A large mosquito.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gal"li*nule</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>gallinula</i> chicken, dim. of <i>gallina</i> hen: cf. F. <i>gallinule</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of several wading birds, having long, webless toes, and a frontal shield, belonging to the family <i>Rallidae</i>. They are remarkable for running rapidly over marshes and on floating plants. The purple gallinule of America is <i>Ionornis Martinica</i>, that of the Old World is <i>Porphyrio porphyrio</i>. The common European gallinule (<i>Gallinula chloropus</i>) is also called <i>moor hen</i>, <i>water hen</i>, <i>water rail</i>, <i>moor coot</i>, <i>night bird</i>, and erroneously <i>dabchick</i>. Closely related to it is the Florida gallinule (<i>Gallinula galeata</i>).</def></p>

<p>&fist; The purple gallinule of Southern Europe and Asia was formerly believed to be able to detect and report adultery, and for that reason, chiefly, it was commonly domesticated by the ancients.</p>

<p><hw>Gal"li*ot</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Galiot</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gal*lip"o*li oil`</hw> (?). <def>An inferior kind of olive oil, brought from Gallipoli, in Italy.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gal"li*pot</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Prob. fr. OD. <i>gleypot</i>, the first part of which is possibly akin to E. <i>glad</i>. See <u>Glad</u>, and <u>Pot</u>.] <def>A glazed earthen pot or vessel, used by druggists and apothecaries for containing medicines, etc.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gal"li*um</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. L. <i>Gallia</i> France.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A rare metallic element, found in certain zinc ores. It is white, hard, and malleable, resembling aluminium, and remarkable for its low melting point (86&deg; F., 30&deg; C). Symbol Ga. Atomic weight 69.9.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The element was predicted with most of its properties, under the name <i>ekaluminium</i>, by the Russian chemist Mendelejeff, on the basis of the Periodic law. This prediction was verified in its discovery by the French chemist Lecoq de Boisbaudran by its characteristic spectrum (two violet lines), in an examination of a zinc blende from the Pyrenees.</p>

<p><hw>Gal"li*vant</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [From <u>Gallant</u>.] <def>To play the beau; to wait upon the ladies; also, to roam about for pleasure without any definite plan.</def> [Slang] <i>Dickens.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gal"li*vat</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>[Prob. fr. Pg. <i>galeota</i>; cf. E. <i>galiot</i>, <i>galley</i>.] <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>A small armed vessel, with sails and oars, — used on the Malabar coast.</def> <i>A. Chalmers.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gal"li*wasp`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Etymol. uncertain.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A West Indian lizard (<i>Celestus occiduus</i>), about a foot long, imagined by the natives to be venomous.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gall"nut`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A round gall produced on the leaves and shoots of various species of the oak tree. See <u>Gall</u>, and <u>Nutgall</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gal`lo*ma"ni*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>Galli</i> Gauls + <i>mania</i> madness.] <def>An excessive admiration of what is French.</def> — <wf>Gal`lo*ma"ni*ac</wf> (#), <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Gal"lon</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF <i>galon</i>, <i>jalon</i>, LL. <i>galo</i>, <i>galona</i>, fr. <i>galum</i> a liquid measure; cf. F. <i>jale</i> large bowl. Cf. <u>Gill</u> a measure.] <def>A measure of capacity, containing four quarts; — used, for the most part, in liquid measure, but sometimes in dry measure.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The <i>standart gallon</i> of the Unites States contains 231 cubic inches, or 8.3389 pounds avoirdupois of distilled water at its maximum density, and with the barometer at 30 inches. This is almost exactly equivalent to a cylinder of seven inches in diameter and six inches in height, and is the same as the old English <i>wine gallon</i>. The <i>beer gallon</i>, now little used in the United States, contains 282 cubic inches. The English <i>imperial gallon</i> contains 10 pounds avoirdupois of distilled water at 62&?; of Fahrenheit, and barometer at 30 inches, equal to 277.274 cubic inches.</p>

<p><hw>Gal*loon"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From F. or Sp. <i>galon</i>. See <u>Gala</u>. ] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A narrow tapelike fabric used for binding hats, shoes, etc., — sometimes made ornamental.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A similar bordering or binding of rich material, such as gold lace.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Silver and gold <i>galloons</i>, with the like glittering gewgaws.</blockquote> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gal*looned`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Furnished or adorned with galloon.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gal"lop</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Galloped</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Galloping</u>.] [OE. <i>galopen</i>, F. <i>galoper</i>, of German origin; cf. assumed Goth. <i>ga-hlaupan</i> to run, OHG. <i>giloufen</i>, AS. <i>gehle&aacute;pan</i> to leap, dance, fr. root of E. <i>leap</i>, and a prefix; or cf. OFlem. <i>walop</i> a gallop. See <u>Leap</u>, and cf. 1st <u>Wallop</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To move or run in the mode called a gallop; as a horse; to go at a gallop; to run or move with speed.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>But <i>gallop</i> lively down the western hill.</blockquote> <i>Donne.</i></p>

<p><! p. 610 !></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To ride a horse at a gallop.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Fig.: To go rapidly or carelessly, as in making a hasty examination.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Such superficial ideas he may collect in <i>galloping</i> over it.</blockquote> <i>Locke.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gal"lop</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To cause to gallop.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gal"lop</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>galop</i>. See <u>Gallop</u>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos>, and cf. <u>Galop</u>.] <def>A mode of running by a quadruped, particularly by a horse, by lifting alternately the fore feet and the hind feet, in successive leaps or bounds.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Hand gallop</b></col>, <cd>a slow or gentle gallop.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Gal"lo*pade`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>galopade</i>. See <u>Gallop</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>I horsemanship, a sidelong or curveting kind of gallop.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A kind of dance; also, music to the dance; a galop.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gal`lo*pade"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Gallopaded</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Gallopading</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To gallop, as on horseback.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To perform the dance called gallopade.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gal"lop*er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who, or that which, gallops.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Mil.)</i> <def>A carriage on which very small guns were formerly mounted, the gun resting on the shafts, without a limber.</def> <i>Farrow.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Galloper gun</b></col>, <cd>a light gun, supported on a galloper, — formerly attached to British infantry regiments.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Gal"lo*pin</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>[F. <i>galopin</i>. See <u>Gallop</u>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos>] <def>An under servant for the kitchen; a scullion; a cook's errand boy.</def> [Obs.] <i>Halliwell.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gal"lop*ing</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Going at a gallop; progressing rapidly; as, a <i>galloping</i> horse.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gal`lo*tan"nic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Gall</i> nutgall + <i>tannic</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Pertaining to the tannin or nutgalls.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Gallotannic acid</b></col>. <cd>See <i>Tannic acid</i>, under <u>Tannic</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Gal"low</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [Cf. AS. <i>&amacr;gelwan</i> to stupefy.] <def>To fright or terrify. See <u>Gally</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos></def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gal"lo*way</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A small horse of a breed raised at <i>Galloway</i>, Scotland; — called also <i>garran</i>, and <i>garron</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gal"low*glass`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Ir. <i>galloglach</i>. Cf. <u>Gillie</u>.] <def>A heavy-armed foot soldier from Ireland and the Western Isles in the time of Edward &?;</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gal"lows</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. sing.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Gallowses</b></plw> (#) or <plw><b>Gallows</b></plw>. [OE. <i>galwes</i>, pl., AS. <i>galga</i>, <i>gealga</i>, gallows, cross; akin to D. <i>galg</i> gallows, OS. & OHG. <i>galgo</i>, G. <i>galgen</i>, Icel. <i>g&amacr;lgi</i>, Sw. & Dan. <i>galge</i>, Goth. <i>galga</i> a cross. Etymologically and historically considered, <i>gallows</i> is a noun in the plural number, but it is used as a singular, and hence is preceded by <i>a</i>; as, <i>a gallows</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A frame from which is suspended the rope with which criminals are executed by hanging, usually consisting of two upright posts and a crossbeam on the top; also, a like frame for suspending anything.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>So they hanged Haman on the <i>gallows</i>.</blockquote> <i>Esther vii. 10.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>If I hang, I'll make a fat pair of <i>gallows</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>O, there were desolation of gaolers and <i>gallowses</i>!</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A wretch who deserves the gallows.</def> [R.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Print.)</i> <def>The rest for the tympan when raised.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>pl.</i> <def>A pair of suspenders or braces.</def> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><col><b>Gallows bird</b></col>, <cd>a person who deserves the gallows.</cd> [Colloq.] — <col><b>Gallows bitts</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>one of two or more frames amidships on deck for supporting spare spars; — called also <i>gallows</i>, <i>gallows top</i>, <i>gallows frame</i>, etc.</cd> — <col><b>Gallows frame</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>The frame supporting the beam of an engine.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <i>(Naut.)</i> <cd>Gallows bitts.</cd> — <col><b>Gallows</b></col>, or <col><b>Gallow tree</b></col>, <cd>the gallows.</cd></p>

<p><blockquote> At length him nail&eacute;d on a <i>gallow tree</i>.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gall"stone`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A concretion, or calculus, formed in the gall bladder or biliary passages. See <u>Calculus</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, 1.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gal"ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [See <u>Gallow</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>] <def>To frighten; to worry.</def> [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] <i>T. Brown.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gall"y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Like gall; bitter as gall.</def> <i>Cranmer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gal"ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Galley</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, 4.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gal`ly*gas"kins</hw>, <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Galligaskins</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ga*loche"</hw>, <hw>Ga*loshe"</hw> (&?;), [OE. <i>galoche</i>, <i>galache</i>, <i>galage</i>, shoe, F. <i>galoche</i> galoche, perh. altered fr. L. <i>gallica</i> a Gallic shoe, or fr. LL. <i>calopedia</i> wooden shoe, or shoe with a wooden sole, Gr. &?;, dim. of &?;, &?;, a shoemaker's last; &?; wood + &?; foot.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A clog or patten.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Nor were worthy [to] unbuckle his <i>galoche</i>.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Hence: An overshoe worn in wet weather.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A gaiter, or legging, covering the upper part of the shoe and part of the leg.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ga*loot"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A noisy, swaggering, or worthless fellow; a rowdy.</def> [Slang, U. S.]</p>

<p><hw>Gal"op</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F.] <i>(Mus.)</i> <def>A kind of lively dance, in 2-4 time; also, the music to the dance.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ga*lore"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. & a.</i></pos> [Scot. <i>gelore</i>, <i>gilore</i>, <i>galore</i>, fr. <i>Gael</i>. <i>gu le&ograve;r</i>, enough; <i>gu-</i> to, also an adverbial prefix + <i>le&ograve;r</i>, <i>le&ograve;ir</i>, enough; or fr. Ir. <i>goleor</i>, the same word.] <def>Plenty; abundance; in abundance.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ga*loshe"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Galoche</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Galpe</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To gape,; to yawn.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gal"some</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Gall</i> bitterness + <i>some</i>.] <def>Angry; malignant.</def> [Obs.] <i>Bp. Morton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Galt</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Gault</u>.] <def>Same as <u>Gault</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gal*van"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [From <i>Galvani</i>, a professor of physiology at Bologna, on account of his connection (about 1780) with the discovery of dynamical or current electricity: cf. F. <i>galvanique</i>.] <def>Of or pertaining to, or exhibiting the phenomena of, galvanism; employing or producing electrical currents.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Galvanic battery</b></col> <i>(Elec.)</i>, <cd>an apparatus for generating electrical currents by the mutual action of certain liquids and metals; — now usually called <i>voltaic battery</i>. See <u>Battery</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Galvanic</b></col> <col><b>circuit or circle</b></col>. <i>(Elec.)</i> <cd>See under <u>Circuit</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Galvanic pile</b></col> <i>(Elec.)</i>, <cd>the voltaic pile. See under <u>Voltaic</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Gal"va*nism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From <i>Galvani</i>: cf. F. <i>galvanisme</i>. See <u>Galvanic</u>.] <i>(Physics)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>Electricity excited by the mutual action of certain liquids and metals; dynamical electricity.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The branch of physical science which treats of dynamical elecricity, or the properties and effects of electrical currents.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The words <i>galvanism</i> and <i>galvanic</i>, formerly in very general use, are now rarely employed. For the latter, <i>voltaic</i>, from the name of <i>Volta</i>, is commonly used.</p>

<p><hw>Gal"va*nist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One versed in galvanism.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gal"va*niza`tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The act of process of galvanizing.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gal"va*nize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Galvanized</u> (?); <pos><i>p pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Galvanizing</u> (?).] [Cf. F. <i>galvaniser</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To affect with galvanism; to subject to the action of electrical currents.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To plate, as with gold, silver, etc., by means of electricity.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To restore to consciousness by galvanic action (as from a state of suspended animation); hence, to stimulate or excite to a factitious animation or activity.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To coat, as iron, with zinc. See <i>Galvanized iron</i>.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Galvanized iron</b></col>, <cd>formerly, iron coated with zink by electrical deposition; now more commonly, iron coated with zink by plunging into a bath of melted zink, after its surface has been cleaned by friction with the aid of dilute acid.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Gal"va*ni`zer</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who, or that which, galvanize.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gal*van`o*caus"tic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Galvanic</i> + <i>caustic</i>.] <def>Relating to the use of galvanic heat as a caustic, especially in medicine.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gal*van`o*cau"ter*y</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Cautery effected by a knife or needle heated by the passage of a galvanic current.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gal`va*nog"ly*phy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Galvanic</i> + Gr. &?; to engrave.] <def>Same as <u>Glyphography</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gal*van"o*graph</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Galvanic</i> + <i>-graph</i>.] <i>(Engraving)</i> <def>A copperplate produced by the method of galvanography; also, a picture printed from such a plate.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gal*van`o*graph"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to galvanography.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gal`va*nog"ra*phy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Galvanic</i> + <i>-graphy</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The art or process of depositing metals by electricity; electrotypy.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A method of producing by means of electrotyping process (without etching) copperplates which can be printed from in the same manner as engraved plates.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gal`va*nol"o*gist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who describes the phenomena of galvanism; a writer on galvanism.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gal`va*nol"o*gy</hw> (?) <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Galvanic</i> + <i>-logy</i>.] <def>A treatise on galvanism, or a description of its phenomena.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gal`va*nom"e*ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Galvanic</i> + <i>-meter</i>: cf. F. <i>galvanom&egrave;tre</i>.] <i>(Elec.)</i> <def>An instrument or apparatus for measuring the intensity of an electric current, usually by the deflection of a magnetic needle.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Differential galvanometer</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Differental</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos></cd> — <col><b>Sine galvanometer</b></col>, <col><b>Cosine galvanometer</b></col>, <col><b>Tangent galvanometer</b></col> <i>(Elec.)</i>, <cd>a galvanometer in which the sine, cosine, or tangent respectively, of the angle through which the needle is deflected, is proportional to the strength of the current passed through the instrument.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Gal*van`o*met"ric</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of, pertaining to, or measured by, a galvanometer.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gal`va*nom"e*try</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The art or process of measuring the force of electric currents.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gal*van`o*plas"tic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Galvanic</i> + <i>-plastic</i>.] <def>Of or pertaining to the art or process of electrotyping; employing, or produced by, the process of electolytic deposition; as, a <i>galvano-plastic</i> copy of a medal or the like.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gal*van"o*plas`ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>galanoplastie</i>.] <def>The art or process of electrotypy.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gal*van`o*punc"ture</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Electro-puncture</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gal*van`o*scope</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Galvanic</i> + <i>-scope</i>: cf. F. <i>galvanoscope</i>.] <i>(Elec.)</i> <def>An instrument or apparatus for detecting the presence of electrical currents, especially such as are of feeble intensity.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gal*van`o*scop"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to a galvanoscope.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gal`va*nos"co*py</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Physiol.)</i> <def>The use of galvanism in physiological experiments.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Gal`va*not"o*nus</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. E. <i>galvanic</i> + Gr. &?; to tone.] <i>(Physiol.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Electrotonus</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gal`va*not"ro*pism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Galvanic</i> + Gr. &?; to turn.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The tendency of a root to place its axis in the line of a galvanic current.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gal"wes</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Gallows.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ga"ma grass`</hw> (?). [From <i>Gama</i>, a cluster of the Maldive Islands.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A species of grass (<i>Tripsacum dactyloides</i>) tall, stout, and exceedingly productive; cultivated in the West Indies, Mexico, and the Southern States of North America as a forage grass; — called also <i>sesame grass</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ga*mash"es</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [F. <i>gamaches</i>.] <def>High boots or buskins; in Scotland, short spatterdashes or riding trousers, worn over the other clothing.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Gam"ba</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A viola da gamba.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gam*ba"does</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [I. or Sp. <i>gamba</i> leg. See <u>Gambol</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <def>Same as <u>Gamashes</u>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>His thin legs tenanted a pair of <i>gambadoes</i> fastened at the side with rusty clasps.</blockquote> <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gam"be*son</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Gambison</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gam"bet</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Fr. <i>gambette</i>, or It. <i>gambetta</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any bird of the genuis <i>Totanus</i>. See <u>Tattler</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gam"bier</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Malayan.] <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The inspissated juice of a plant (<i>Uncaria Gambir</i>) growing in Malacca. It is a powerful astringent, and, under the name of <i>Terra Japonica</i>, is used for chewing with the Areca nut, and is exported for tanning and dyeing.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>Catechu.</def> [Written also <i>gambeer</i> and <i>gambir</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Gam"bi*son</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>gambeson</i>, <i>gambaison</i>, fr. <i>gambais</i>, <i>wambais</i>, of German origin: cf. MHG. <i>wambeis</i>, G. <i>wams</i> doublet, fr. OHG. w<i>amba</i>, stomach. See <u>Womb</u>.] <def>A defensive garment formerly in use for the body, made of cloth stuffed and quilted.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gam"bist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [It. <i>gamba</i> leg.] <i>(Mus.)</i> <def>A performer upon the <i>viola di gamba</i>. See under <u>Viola</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gam"bit</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>gambit</i>, cf. It. <i>gambitto</i> gambit, a tripping up. See <u>Gambol</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <i>(Chess Playing)</i> <def>A mode of opening the game, in which a pawn is sacrificed to gain an attacking position.</def> </p>

<p><hw>Gam"ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Gambled</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Gambling</u> (?).] [Dim. of <i>game</i>. See 2d <u>Game</u>.] <def>To play or game for money or other stake.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gamble</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To lose or squander by gaming; — usually with <i>away</i>.</def> "Bankrupts or sots who have <i>gambled</i> or slept away their estates." <i>Ames.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gam"bler</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who gambles.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gam*boge"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A concrete juice, or gum resin, produced by several species of trees in Siam, Ceylon, and Malabar. It is brought in masses, or cylindrical rolls, from <i>Cambodia</i>, or <i>Cambogia</i>, — whence its name. The best kind is of a dense, compact texture, and of a beatiful reddish yellow. Taken internally, it is a strong and harsh cathartic and emetic.</def> [Written also <i>camboge</i>.]</p>

<p>&fist; There are several kinds of gamboge, but all are derived from species of <i>Garcinia</i>, a genus of trees of the order <i>Guttifer&aelig;</i>. The best Siam gamboge is thought to come from <i>Garcinia Hanburii</i>. Ceylon gamboge is from <i>G. Morella</i>. <i>G. pictoria</i>, of Western India, yields <i>gamboge</i>, and also a kind of oil called <i>gamboge butter</i>.</p>

<p>{ <hw>Gam*bo"gi*an</hw> (?), <hw>Gambogic</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pertaining to, resembling, or containing, gamboge.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gam"bol</hw> (g&abreve;m"b&obreve;l), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>gambolde</i>, <i>gambaulde</i>, F. <i>gambade</i>, gambol, fr. It. <i>gambata</i> kick, fr. L. <i>gamba</i> leg, akin to F. <i>jambe</i>, OF. also, <i>gambe</i>, fr. L. <i>gamba</i>, hoof or perh. joint: cf. Gr. <grk>kamph`</grk> a binding, winding, W., Ir. & Gael. <i>cam</i> crooked; perh. akin to E. <i>chamber</i>: cf.F. <i>gambiller</i> to kick about. Cf. <u>Jamb</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, <u>Gammon</u> ham, <u>Gambadoes</u>.] <def>A skipping or leaping about in frolic; a hop; a sportive prank.</def> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gam"bol</hw> <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Gamboled</u> (?), or <u>Gambolled</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Gamboling</u> or <u>Gambolling</u>.] <def>To dance and skip about in sport; to frisk; to skip; to play in frolic, like boys or lambs.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gam"brel</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>gambe</i>, <i>jambe</i> leg, F. <i>jambe</i>. Cf. <u>Cambrel</u>, <u>Chambrel</u>, and see <u>Gambol</u>. <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The hind leg of a horse.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A stick crooked like a horse's hind leg; - - used by butchers in suspending slaughtered animals.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Gambrel roof</b></col> <i>(Arch.)</i>, <cd>a curb roof having the same section in all parts, with a lower steeper slope and an upper and flatter one, so that each gable is pentagonal in form.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Gam"brel</hw> <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To truss or hang up by means of a gambrel.</def> <i>Beau. & Fl.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gam*broon"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A kind of twilled linen cloth for lining.</def> <i>Simmonds.</i></p>

<p><hw>Game</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. W. <i>cam</i> crooked, and E. <i>gambol</i>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <def>Crooked; lame; as, a <i>game</i> leg.</def> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><hw>Game</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>game</i>, <i>gamen</i>, AS. <i>gamen</i>, <i>gomen</i>, play, sport; akin to OS., OHG., & Icel. <i>gaman</i>, Dan. <i>gammen</i> mirth, merriment, OSw. <i>gamman</i> joy. Cf. <u>Gammon</u> a game, <u>Backgammon</u>, <u>Gamble</u> <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Sport of any kind; jest, frolic.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>We have had pastimes here, and pleasant <i>game</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A contest, physical or mental, according to certain rules, for amusement, recreation, or for winning a stake; as, a <i>game</i> of chance; <i>games</i> of skill; field <i>games</i>, etc.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>But war's a <i>game</i>, which, were their subject wise,<BR> Kings would not play at.</blockquote> <i>Cowper.</i></p>

<p>&fist; Among the ancients, especially the Greeks and Romans, there were regularly recurring public exhibitions of strength, agility, and skill under the patronage of the government, usually accompanied with religious ceremonies. Such were the Olympic, the Pythian, the Nemean, and the Isthmian <i>games</i>.</p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>The use or practice of such a game; a single match at play; a single contest; as, a <i>game</i> at cards.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Talk the <i>game</i> o'er between the deal.</blockquote> <i>Lloyd.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>That which is gained, as the stake in a game; also, the number of points necessary to be scored in order to win a game; as, in short whist five points are <i>game</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <i>(Card Playing)</i> <def>In some games, a point credited on the score to the player whose cards counts up the highest.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>A scheme or art employed in the pursuit of an object or purpose; method of procedure; projected line of operations; plan; project.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Your murderous <i>game</i> is nearly up.</blockquote> <i>Blackw. Mag.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>It was obviously Lord Macaulay's <i>game</i> to blacken the greatest literary champion of the cause he had set himself to attack.</blockquote> <i>Saintsbury.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <def>Animals pursued and taken by sportsmen; wild meats designed for, or served at, table.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Those species of animals . . . distinguished from the rest by the well-known appellation of <i>game</i>.</blockquote> <i>Blackstone.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Confidence game</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Confidence</u>.</cd> — <col><b>To make game of</b></col>, <cd>to make sport of; to mock.</cd> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Game</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Having a resolute, unyielding spirit, like the gamecock; ready to fight to the last; plucky.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I was <i>game</i> . . . .I felt that I could have fought even to the death.</blockquote> <i>W. Irving.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Of or pertaining to such animals as are hunted for game, or to the act or practice of hunting.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Game bag</b></col>, <cd>a sportsman's bag for carrying small game captured; also, the whole quantity of game taken.</cd> — <col><b>Game bird</b></col>, <cd>any bird commonly shot for food, esp. grouse, partridges, quails, pheasants, wild turkeys, and the shore or wading birds, such as plovers, snipe, woodcock, curlew, and sandpipers. The term is sometimes arbitrarily restricted to birds hunted by sportsmen, with dogs and guns.</cd> — <col><b>Game egg</b></col>, <cd>an egg producing a gamecock.</cd> — <col><b>Game laws</b></col>, <cd>laws regulating the seasons and manner of taking game for food or for sport.</cd> — <col><b>Game preserver</b></col>, <cd>a land owner who regulates the killing of game on his estate with a view to its increase.</cd> [Eng.] — <col><b>To be game</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>To show a brave, unyielding spirit.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>To be victor in a game.</cd> [Colloq.] — <col><b>To die game</b></col>, <cd>to maintain a bold, unyielding spirit to the last; to die fighting.</cd></p>

<p><! p. 611 !></p>

<p><hw>Game</hw> (g&amacr;m), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Gamed</u> (g&amacr;md); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Gaming</u>.] [OE. <i>gamen</i>, <i>game&?;en</i>, to rejoice, AS. <i>gamenian</i> to play. See <u>Game</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To rejoice; to be pleased; — often used, in Old English, impersonally with dative.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>God loved he best with all his whole hearte<BR> At alle times, though him <i>gamed</i> or smarte.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To play at any sport or diversion.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To play for a stake or prize; to use cards, dice, billiards, or other instruments, according to certain rules, with a view to win money or other thing waged upon the issue of the contest; to gamble.</def> </p>

<p><hw>Game"cock`</hw> (-k&obreve;k`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The male game fowl.</def></p>

<p><hw>Game" fowl`</hw> (-foul`). <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A handsome breed of the common fowl, remarkable for the great courage and pugnacity of the males.</def></p>

<p><hw>Game"ful</hw> (-f&usdot;l), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Full of game or games.</def></p>

<p><hw>Game"keep`er</hw> (-k&emacr;p`&etilde;r), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who has the care of game, especially in a park or preserve.</def> <i>Blackstone.</i></p>

<p><hw>Game"less</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Destitute of game.</def></p>

<p><hw>Game"ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a plucky manner; spiritedly.</def></p>

<p><hw>Game"ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Endurance; pluck.</def></p>

<p><hw>Game"some</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Gay; sportive; playful; frolicsome; merry.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Gladness of the <i>gamesome</i> crowd.</blockquote> <i>Byron.</i></p>

<p>— <wf>Game"some*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Game"some*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Game"ster</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Game</i> + <i>- ster</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A merry, frolicsome person.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A person who plays at games; esp., one accustomed to play for a stake; a gambler; one skilled in games.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>When lenity and cruelty play for a kingdom, the gentlest <i>gamester</i> is the soonest winner.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A prostitute; a strumpet.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gam"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; marriage.] <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>Pertaining to, or resulting from, sexual connection; formed by the union of the male and female elements.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Gam"in</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F.] <def>A neglected and untrained city boy; a young street Arab.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>In Japan, the <i>gamins</i> run after you, and say, 'Look at the Chinaman.'</blockquote> <i>L. Oliphant.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gam"ing</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The act or practice of playing games for stakes or wagers; gambling.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gam"ma</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The third letter (&GAMMA;, &gamma; = Eng. <i>G</i>) of the Greek alphabet.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gam*ma"di*on</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A cross formed of four capital gammas, formerly used as a mysterious ornament on ecclesiastical vestments, etc. See <u>Fylfot</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gam"mer</hw> (g&abreve;m"m&etilde;r), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Possibly contr. fr. <i>godmother</i>; but prob. fr. <i>grammer</i> for <i>grandmother</i>. Cf. <u>Gaffer</u>.] <def>An old wife; an old woman; — correlative of <i>gaffer</i>, an old man.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gam"mon</hw> (-m&ubreve;n), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>gambon</i>, F. <i>jambon</i>, fr. OF. <i>gambe</i> leg, F. <i>jambe</i>. See <u>Gambol</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, and cf. <u>Ham</u>.] <def>The buttock or thigh of a hog, salted and smoked or dried; the lower end of a flitch.</def> <i>Goldsmith.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gam"mon</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Gammoned</u> (-m&ubreve;nd); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Gammoning</u>.] <def>To make bacon of; to salt and dry in smoke.</def><BR> [1913 Webster]</p>

<p><hw>Gam"mon</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See 2d <u>Game</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Backgammon.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>An imposition or hoax; humbug.</def> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><hw>Gam"mon</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To beat in the game of backgammon, before an antagonist has been able to get his "men" or counters home and withdraw any of them from the board; as, to <i>gammon</i> a person.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To impose on; to hoax; to cajole.</def> [Colloq.] <i>Hood.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gam"mon</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [Etymol. unknown.] <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>To fasten (a bowsprit) to the stem of a vessel by lashings of rope or chain, or by a band of iron.</def> <i>Totten.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gam"mon*ing</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From 5th <u>Gammon</u>.] <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>The lashing or iron band by which the bowsprit of a vessel is secured to the stem to opposite the lifting action of the forestays.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Gammoning fashion</b></col>, <cd>in the style of gammoning lashing, that is, having the turns of rope crossed.</cd> — <col><b>Gammoning hole</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>a hole cut through the knee of the head of a vessel for the purpose of gammoning the bowsprit.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Gam"mon*ing</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From 4th <u>Gammon</u>.] <def>The act of imposing upon or hoaxing a person.</def> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><hw>||Gam`o*gen"e*sis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; marriage + E. <i>genesis</i>.] <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>The production of offspring by the union of parents of different sexes; sexual reproduction; — the opposite of <i>agamogenesis</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gam`o*ge*net"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>Relating to gamogenesis.</def> — <wf>Gam`o*ge*net"ic*al*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Gam`o*mor"phism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; marriage + &?; form, shape.] <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>That stage of growth or development in an organism, in which the reproductive elements are generated and matured in preparation for propagating the species.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gam`o*pet"al*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; marriage + E. <i>petalous</i>: cf. F. <i>gamop&eacute;tale</i>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Having the petals united or joined so as to form a tube or cup; monopetalous.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ga*moph"yl*lous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; marriage + &?; leaf.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Composed of leaves united by their edges (coalescent).</def> <i>Gray.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gam`o*sep"al*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; marriage + E. <i>sepal</i>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Formed of united sepals; monosepalous.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gam"ut</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>gamme + ut</i> the name of a musical note. F. <i>gamme</i> is fr. the name of the Greek letter &?;, which was used by Guido d'Arezzo to represent the first note of his model scale. See <u>Gamma</u>, and <u>Ut</u>.] <i>(Mus.)</i> <def>The scale.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gam"y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Cookery)</i> <def>Having the flavor of game, esp. of game kept uncooked till near the condition of tainting; high- flavored.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Sporting)</i> <def>Showing an unyielding spirit to the last; plucky; furnishing sport; as, a <i>gamy</i> trout.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gan</hw> (?), <pos><i>imp.</i></pos> of <u>Gin</u>. [See <u>Gin</u>, <pos><i>v.</i></pos>] <def>Began; commenced.</def> </p>

<p>&fist; <i>Gan</i> was formerly used with the infinitive to form compound imperfects, as <i>did</i> is now employed. <i>Gan</i> regularly denotes the singular; the plural is usually denoted by <i>gunne</i> or <i>gonne</i>.</p>

<p><blockquote>This man <i>gan fall</i> (<i>i.e.</i>, fell) in great suspicion.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The little coines to their play <i>gunne hie</i> (<i>i. e.</i>, hied).</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p>Later writers use <i>gan</i> both for singular and plural.</p>

<p><blockquote>Yet at her speech their rages <i>gan</i> relent.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ganch</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>ganche</i>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, also Sp. & Pg. <i>gancho</i> hook, It. <i>gancio</i>.] <def>To drop from a high place upon sharp stakes or hooks, as the Turks dropped malefactors, by way of punishment.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Ganching</i>, which is to let fall from on high upon hooks, and there to hang until they die.</blockquote> <i>Sandys.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gan"der</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>gandra</i>, <i>ganra</i>, akin to Prov. G. <i>gander</i>, <i>ganter</i>, and E. <i>goose</i>, <i>gannet</i>. See <u>Goose</u>.] <def>The male of any species of goose.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gane</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [See <u>Yawn</u>.] <def>To yawn; to gape.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ga*ne"sa</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Hind. Myth.)</i> <def>The Hindoo god of wisdom or prudence.</def></p>

<p>&fist; He is represented as a short, fat, red-colored man, with a large belly and the head of an elephant. <i>Balfour.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gang</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [AS. <i>gangan</i>, akin to OS. & OHG. <i>gangan</i>, Icel. <i>ganga</i>, Goth. <i>gaggan</i>; cf. Lith. <i>&?;engti</i> to walk, Skr. <i>ja&?;gha</i> leg. &radic;48. Cf. <u>Go</u>.] <def>To go; to walk.</def></p>

<p>&fist; Obsolete in English literature, but still used in the North of England, and also in Scotland.</p>

<p><hw>Gang</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Icel. <i>gangr</i> a going, gang, akin to AS., D., G., & Dan. <i>gang</i> a going, Goth. <i>gaggs</i> street, way. See <u>Gang</u>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A going; a course.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A number going in company; hence, a company, or a number of persons associated for a particular purpose; a group of laborers under one foreman; a squad; as, a <i>gang</i> of sailors; a chain <i>gang</i>; a <i>gang</i> of thieves.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A combination of similar implements arranged so as, by acting together, to save time or labor; a set; as, a <i>gang</i> of saws, or of plows.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>A set; all required for an outfit; as, a new <i>gang</i> of stays.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> [Cf. <u>Gangue</u>.] <i>(Mining)</i> <def>The mineral substance which incloses a vein; a matrix; a gangue.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Gang board</b></col>, or <col><b>Gang plank</b></col>. <i>(Naut.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>A board or plank, with cleats for steps, forming a bridge by which to enter or leave a vessel.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>A plank within or without the bulwarks of a vessel's waist, for the sentinel to walk on.</cd> — <col><b>Gang cask</b></col>, <cd>a small cask in which to bring water aboard ships or in which it is kept on deck.</cd> — <col><b>Gang cultivator</b></col>, <col><b>Gang plow</b></col>, <cd>a cultivator or plow in which several shares are attached to one frame, so as to make two or more furrows at the same time.</cd> — <col><b>Gang days</b></col>, <cd>Rogation days; the time of perambulating parishes. See <i>Gang week</i> (below).</cd> — <col><b>Gang drill</b></col>, <cd>a drilling machine having a number of drills driven from a common shaft.</cd> — <col><b>Gang master</b></col>, <cd>a master or employer of a gang of workmen.</cd> — <col><b>Gang plank</b></col>. <cd>See <i>Gang board</i> (above).</cd> — <col><b>Gang plow</b></col>. <cd>See <i>Gang cultivator</i> (above).</cd> — <col><b>Gang press</b></col>, <cd>a press for operating upon a pile or row of objects separated by intervening plates.</cd> — <col><b>Gang saw</b></col>, <cd>a saw fitted to be one of a combination or gang of saws hung together in a frame or sash, and set at fixed distances apart.</cd> — <col><b>Gang tide</b></col>. <cd>See <i>Gang week</i> (below).</cd> — <col><b>Gang tooth</b></col>, <cd>a projecting tooth.</cd> [Obs.] <i>Halliwell.</i> — <col><b>Gang week</b></col>, <cd>Rogation week, when formerly processions were made to survey the bounds of parishes.</cd> <i>Halliwell.</i> — <col><b>Live gang</b></col>, or <col><b>Round gang</b></col>, <cd>the Western and the Eastern names, respectively, for a gang of saws for cutting the round log into boards at one operation.</cd> <i>Knight.</i> — <col><b>Slabbing gang</b></col>, <cd>an arrangement of saws which cuts slabs from two sides of a log, leaving the middle part as a thick beam.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Gang"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who oversees a gang of workmen.</def> [R.] <i>Mayhew.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gan*get"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pertaining to, or inhabiting, the Ganges; as, the <i>Gangetic</i> shark.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gang"-flow`er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The common English milkwort (<i>Polygala vulgaris</i>), so called from blossoming in <i>gang</i> week.</def> <i>Dr. Prior.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gan"gion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Etymol. uncertain.] <def>A short line attached to a trawl. See <u>Trawl</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Gan"gli*ac</hw> (?), <hw>Gan"gli*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Relating to a ganglion; ganglionic.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Gan"gli*ate</hw> (?), <hw>Gan"gli*a`ted</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Furnished with ganglia; as, the <i>gangliated</i> cords of the sympathetic nervous system.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Gan"gli*form`</hw> (?), <hw>Gan"gli*o*form`</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Ganglion</i> + <i>-form</i>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Having the form of a ganglion.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gan"gli*on</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> L. <plw><b>Ganglia</b></plw> (#), E. <plw><b>Ganglions</b></plw> (#). [L. <i>ganglion</i> a sort of swelling or excrescence, a tumor under the skin, Gr. &?;: cf. F. <i>ganglion</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Anat.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A mass or knot of nervous matter, including nerve cells, usually forming an enlargement in the course of a nerve.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A node, or gland in the lymphatic system; as, a lymphatic <i>ganglion</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>A globular, hard, indolent tumor, situated somewhere on a tendon, and commonly formed by the effusion of a viscid fluid into it; — called also <i>weeping sinew</i>.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Ganglion cell</b></col>, <cd>a nerve cell. See <i>Illust.</i> under <u>Bipolar</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Gan"gli*on*a*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>ganglionnarie</i>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Ganglionic.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gan`gli*on"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>ganglionique</i>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Pertaining to, containing, or consisting of, ganglia or ganglion cells; as, a <i>ganglionic</i> artery; the <i>ganglionic</i> columns of the spinal cord.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gan"grel</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. <u>Gang</u>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos>] <def>Wandering; vagrant.</def> [Scot.] <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gan"gre*nate</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To gangrene.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Gan"grene</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>gangr&egrave;ne</i>, L. <i>gangraena</i>, fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to gnaw, eat; cf. Skr. <i>gras</i>, <i>gar</i>, to devour, and E. <i>voracious</i>, also <i>canker</i>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, in sense 3.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>A term formerly restricted to mortification of the soft tissues which has not advanced so far as to produce complete loss of vitality; but now applied to mortification of the soft parts in any stage.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gan"grene</hw>, <pos><i>v. t. & i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Gangrened</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Gangrening</u>.] [Cf. F. <i>gangr&eacute;ner</i>.] <def>To produce gangrene in; to be affected with gangrene.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gan`gre*nes"cent</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Tending to mortification or gangrene.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gan"gre*nous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>gangr&eacute;neux</i>.] <def>Affected by, or produced by, gangrene; of the nature of gangrene.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gangue</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>gangue</i>, fr. G. <i>gang</i> a metallic vein, a passage. See <u>Gang</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <i>(Mining)</i> <def>The mineral or earthy substance associated with metallic ore.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gang"way`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Gang</u>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A passage or way into or out of any inclosed place; esp., a temporary way of access formed of planks.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>In the English House of Commons, a narrow aisle across the house, below which sit those who do not vote steadly either with the government or with the opposition.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>The opening through the bulwarks of a vessel by which persons enter or leave it.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>That part of the spar deck of a vessel on each side of the booms, from the quarter-deck to the forecastle; — more properly termed the <i>waist</i>.</def> <i>Totten.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Gangway ladder</b></col>, <cd>a ladder rigged on the side of a vessel at the gangway.</cd> — <col><b>To bring to the gangway</b></col>, <cd>to punish (a seaman) by flogging him at the gangway.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Gan"il</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F.] <def>A kind of brittle limestone.</def> [Prov. Eng.] <i>Kirwan.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gan"is*ter</hw> (?), <hw>Gan"nis*ter</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Mech.)</i> <def>A refractory material consisting of crushed or ground siliceous stone, mixed with fire clay; — used for lining Bessemer converters; also used for macadamizing roads.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gan"ja</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Hind. <i>g&amacr;njh&amacr;</i>.] <def>The dried hemp plant, used in India for smoking. It is extremely narcotic and intoxicating.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gan"net</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>gant</i>, AS. <i>ganet</i>, ganot, a sea fowl, a fen duck; akin to D. <i>gent</i> gander, OHG. <i>ganazzo</i>. See <u>Gander</u>, <u>Goose</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of several species of sea birds of the genus <i>Sula</i>, allied to the pelicans.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The common gannet of Europe and America (<i>S. bassana</i>), is also called <i>solan goose</i>, <i>chandel goose</i>, and <i>gentleman</i>. In Florida the wood ibis is commonly called <i>gannet</i>.</p>

<p><col><b>Booby gannet</b></col>. <cd>See <u>Sula</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>||Gan`o*ceph"a*la</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?; brightness + &?; head.] <i>(Paleon.)</i> <def>A group of fossil amphibians allied to the labyrinthodonts, having the head defended by bony, sculptured plates, as in some ganoid fishes.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gan`o*ceph"a*lous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Paleon.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to the Ganocephala.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ga"noid</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; brightness + <i>-oid</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to Ganoidei. — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> One of the Ganoidei.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Ganoid scale</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>one kind of scales of the ganoid fishes, composed of an inner layer of bone, and an outer layer of shining enamel. They are often so arranged as to form a coat of mail.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Ga*noid"al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Ganoid.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Ga*noi"de*i</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Ganoid</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of the subclasses of fishes. They have an arterial cone and bulb, spiral intestinal valve, and the optic nerves united by a chiasma. Many of the species are covered with bony plates, or with ganoid scales; others have cycloid scales.</def></p>

<p>&fist; They were numerous, and some of them of large size, in early geological periods; but they are represented by comparatively few living species, most of which inhabit fresh waters, as the bowfin, gar pike, bichir, Ceratodus, paddle fish, and sturgeon.</p>

<p><hw>Ga*noid"i*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>a. & n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Ganoid.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ga"no*ine</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A peculiar bony tissue beneath the enamel of a ganoid scale.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gan"sa</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Ganza</u>.</def> <i>Bp. Hall.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gant"let</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Gantlet</i> is corrupted fr. <i>gantlope</i>; <i>gantlope</i> is for <i>gatelope</i>, Sw. <i>gatlopp</i>, orig., a running down a lane; gata street, lane + lopp course, career, akin to l&ouml;pa to run. See <u>Gate</u> a way, and <u>Leap</u>.] <def>A military punishment formerly in use, wherein the offender was made to run between two files of men facing one another, who struck him as he passed.</def></p>

<p><col><b>To run the gantlet</b></col>, <cd>to suffer the punishment of the gantlet; hence, to go through the ordeal of severe criticism or controversy, or ill-treatment at many hands.</cd></p>

<p><blockquote>Winthrop ran the <i>gantlet</i> of daily slights.</blockquote> <i>Palfrey.</i></p>

<p>&fist; Written also, but less properly, <i>gauntlet</i>.</p>

<p><hw>Gant"let</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A glove. See <u>Gauntlet</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gant"line`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A line rigged to a mast; — used in hoisting rigging; a girtline.</def></p>

<p><! p. 612 !></p>

<p><hw>Gant"lope`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Gantlet</u>.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Gan"try</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Gauntree</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gan"za</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Sp. <i>gansa</i>, <i>ganso</i>, goose; of Gothic origin. See <u>Gannet</u>, <u>Goose</u>.] <def>A kind of wild goose, by a flock of which a virtuoso was fabled to be carried to the lunar world.</def> [Also <i>gansa</i>.] <i>Johnson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gaol</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Jail</u>.] <def>A place of confinement, especially for minor offenses or provisional imprisonment; a jail.</def> [Preferably, and in the United States usually, written <i>jail</i>.]</p>

<p><col><b>Commission of general gaol delivery</b></col>, <cd>an authority conferred upon judges and others included in it, for trying and delivering every prisoner in jail when the judges, upon their circuit, arrive at the place for holding court, and for discharging any whom the grand jury fail to indict.</cd> [Eng.] — <col><b>Gaol delivery</b></col>. <i>(Law)</i> <cd>See <i>Jail delivery</i>, under <u>Jail</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Gaol"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The keeper of a jail. See <u>Jailer</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gap</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>gap</i>; cf. Icel. <i>gap</i> an empty space, Sw. <i>gap</i> mouth, breach, abyss, Dan. <i>gab</i> mouth, opening, AS. <i>geap</i> expanse; as adj., wide, spacious. See <u>Gape</u>.] <def>An opening in anything made by breaking or parting; as, a <i>gap</i> in a fence; an opening for a passage or entrance; an opening which implies a breach or defect; a vacant space or time; a hiatus; a mountain pass.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Miseries ensued by the opening of that <i>gap</i>.</blockquote> <i>Knolles.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>It would make a great <i>gap</i> in your own honor.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Gap lathe</b></col> <i>(Mach.)</i>, <cd>a turning lathe with a deep notch in the bed to admit of turning a short object of large diameter.</cd> — <col><b>To stand in the gap</b></col>, <cd>to expose one's self for the protection of something; to make defense against any assailing danger; to take the place of a fallen defender or supporter.</cd> — <col><b>To stop a gap</b></col>, <cd>to secure a weak point; to repair a defect.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Gap</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To notch, as a sword or knife.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To make an opening in; to breach.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Their masses are <i>gapp'd</i> with our grape.</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gape</hw> (?; <i>in Eng, commonly</i> ?; 277), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Gaped</u> (? or ?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Gaping</u>] [OE. <i>gapen</i>, AS. <i>geapan</i> to open; akin to D. <i>gapen</i> to gape, G. <i>gaffen</i>, Icel. & Sw. <i>gapa</i>, Dan. <i>gabe</i>; cf. Skr. <i>jabh</i> to snap at, open the mouth. Cf. <u>Gaby</u>, <u>Gap</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To open the mouth wide</def>; as: <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>Expressing a desire for food; as, young birds <i>gape</i>.</def> <i>Dryden.</i><sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>Indicating sleepiness or indifference; to yawn.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>She stretches, <i>gapes</i>, unglues her eyes,<BR> And asks if it be time to rise.</blockquote> <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <cd>Showing self-forgetfulness in surprise, astonishment, expectation, etc.</cd></p>

<p><blockquote>With <i>gaping</i> wonderment had stared aghast.</blockquote> <i>Byron.</i></p>

<p><sd><i>(d)</i></sd> <cd>Manifesting a desire to injure, devour, or overcome.</cd></p>

<p><blockquote>They have <i>gaped</i> upon me with their mouth.</blockquote> <i>Job xvi. 10.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To pen or part widely; to exhibit a gap, fissure, or hiatus.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>May that ground <i>gape</i> and swallow me alive!</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To long, wait eagerly, or cry aloud for something; — with <i>for</i>, <i>after</i>, or <i>at</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The hungry grave for her due tribute <i>gapes</i>.</blockquote> <i>Denham.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — To gaze; stare; yawn. See <u>Gaze</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Gape</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of gaping; a yawn.</def> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The width of the mouth when opened, as of birds, fishes, etc.</def></p>

<p><col>The gapes</col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>A fit of yawning.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>A disease of young poultry and other birds, attended with much gaping. It is caused by a parasitic nematode worm (<i>Syngamus trachealis</i>), in the windpipe, which obstructs the breathing. See <u>Gapeworm</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Gap"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who gapes.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A European fish. See 4th <u>Comber</u>.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A large edible clam (<i>Schizoth&aelig;rus Nuttalli</i>), of the Pacific coast; — called also <i>gaper clam</i>.</def> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <def>An East Indian bird of the genus <i>Cymbirhynchus</i>, related to the broadbills.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gape"seed`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Any strange sight.</def> <i>Wright.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gapes"ing</hw> (? or ?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Act of gazing about; sightseeing.</def> [Prov. Eng.]</p>

<p><hw>Gape"worm`</hw> (? or ?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The parasitic worm that causes the gapes in birds. See <i>Illustration</i> in Appendix.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gap"ing*stock`</hw> (? or ?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who is an object of open-mouthed wonder.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I was to be a <i>gapingstock</i> and a scorn to the young volunteers.</blockquote> <i>Godwin.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gap"-toothed`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having interstices between the teeth.</def> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gar</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Prob. AS. <i>g&amacr;r</i> dart, spear, lance. The name is applied to the fish on account of its long and slender body and pointed head. Cf. <u>Goad</u>, <u>Gore</u>, <pos><i>v.</i></pos>] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>Any slender marine fish of the genera <i>Belone</i> and <i>Tylosurus</i>. See <u>Garfish</u>.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The gar pike. See <i>Alligator gar</i> (under <u>Alligator</u>), and <i>Gar pike</i>.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Gar pike</b></col>, or <col><b>Garpike</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a large, elongated ganoid fish of the genus <i>Lepidosteus</i>, of several species, inhabiting the lakes and rivers of temperate and tropical America.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Gar</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [Of Scand. origin. See <u>Gear</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <def>To cause; to make.</def> [Obs. or Scot.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gar"an*cin</hw> (?; 104), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>garance</i> madder, LL. <i>garantia</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>An extract of madder by sulphuric acid. It consists essentially of alizarin.</def></p>

<p><hw>Garb</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>garbe</i> looks, countenance, grace, ornament, fr. OHG. <i>garaw&imacr;</i>, <i>garw&imacr;</i>, ornament, dress. akin to E. <i>gear</i>. See <u>Gear</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>Clothing in general.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The whole dress or suit of clothes worn by any person, especially when indicating rank or office; as, the <i>garb</i> of a clergyman or a judge.</def> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <def>Costume; fashion; as, the <i>garb</i> of a gentleman in the 16th century.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>External appearance, as expressive of the feelings or character; looks; fashion or manner, as of speech.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>You thought, because he could not speak English in the native <i>garb</i>, he could not therefore handle an English cudgel.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Garb</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>gerbe</i>, OF. also <i>garbe</i>, OHG. <i>garba</i>, G. <i>garbe</i>; cf. Skr. <i>grbh</i> to seize, E. <i>grab</i>.] <i>(Her.)</i> <def>A sheaf of grain (wheat, unless otherwise specified).</def></p>

<p><hw>Garb</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To clothe; array; deck.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>These black dog-Dons<BR> <i>Garb</i> themselves bravely.</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gar"bage</hw> (?; 48), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. also <i>garbash</i>, perh. orig., that which is purged or cleansed away; cf. OF. <i>garber</i> to make fine, neat, OHG. <i>garawan</i> to make ready, prepare, akin to E. <i>garb</i> dress; or perh. for <i>garbleage</i>, fr. <i>garble</i>; or cf. OF. <i>garbage</i> tax on sheaves, E. <i>garb</i> sheaf.] <def>Offal, as the bowels of an animal or fish; refuse animal or vegetable matter from a kitchen; hence, anything worthless, disgusting, or loathsome.</def> <i>Grainger.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gar"bage</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To strip of the bowels; to clean.</def> "Pilchards . . . are <i>garbaged</i>." <i>Holland.</i></p>

<p><hw>Garbed</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Dressed; habited; clad.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gar"bel</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Garboard</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gar"bel</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. <u>Garble</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>] <def>Anything sifted, or from which the coarse parts have been taken.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Gar"ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Garbled</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Garbling</u>.] [Formerly, to pick out, sort, OF. <i>grabeler</i>, for <i>garbeler</i> to examine precisely, garble spices, fr. LL. <i>garbellare</i> to sift; cf. Sp. <i>garbillar</i> to sift, <i>garbillo</i> a coarse sieve, L. <i>cribellum</i>, dim. of <i>cribrum</i> sieve, akin to <i>cernere</i> to separate, sift (cf. E. <u>Discern</u>); or perh. rather from Ar. <i>gharb&amacr;l</i>, <i>gharbil</i>, sieve.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To sift or bolt, to separate the fine or valuable parts of from the coarse and useless parts, or from dros or dirt; as, to <i>garble</i> spices.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To pick out such parts of as may serve a purpose; to mutilate; to pervert; as, to <i>garble</i> a quotation; to <i>garble</i> an account.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gar"ble</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Refuse; rubbish.</def> [Obs.] <i>Wolcott.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>pl.</i> <def>Impurities separated from spices, drugs, etc.; — also called <i>garblings</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gar"bler</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who garbles.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gar"board</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>One of the planks next the keel on the outside, which form a garboard strake.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Garboard strake</b></col> or <col><b>streak</b></col>, <cd>the first range or strake of planks laid on a ship's bottom next the keel.</cd> <i>Totten.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gar"boil</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>garbouil</i>; cf. Sp. <i>garbullo</i>, It. <i>garbuglio</i>; of uncertain origin; the last part is perh. fr. L. <i>bullire</i> to boil, E. <i>boil</i>.] <def>Tumult; disturbance; disorder.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Gar*cin"i*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A genus of plants, including the mangosteen tree (<i>Garcinia Mangostana</i>), found in the islands of the Indian Archipelago; — so called in honor of Dr. <i>Garcin</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gard</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Garde</u>, <u>Yard</u>] <def>Garden.</def> [Obs.] "Trees of the <i>gard</i>." <i>F. Beaumont.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gard</hw>, <pos><i>v. & n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Guard</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gar"dant</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [F. See <u>Guardant</u>.] <i>(Her.)</i> <def>Turning the head towards the spectator, but not the body; — said of a lion or other beast.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gar"den</hw> (g&auml;r"d'n; 277), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>gardin</i>, OF. <i>gardin</i>, <i>jardin</i>, F. <i>jardin</i>, of German origin; cf. OHG. <i>garto</i>, G. <i>garten</i>; akin to AS. <i>geard</i>. See <u>Yard</u> an inclosure.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A piece of ground appropriated to the cultivation of herbs, fruits, flowers, or vegetables.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A rich, well-cultivated spot or tract of country.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I am arrived from fruitful Lombardy,<BR> The pleasant <i>garden</i> of great Italy.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p>&fist; <i>Garden</i> is often used adjectively or in self- explaining compounds; as, <i>garden</i> flowers, <i>garden</i> tools, <i>garden</i> walk, <i>garden</i> wall, <i>garden</i> house or <i>garden</i>house.</p>

<p><col><b>Garden balsam</b></col>, <cd>an ornamental plant (<i>Impatiens Balsamina</i>).</cd> — <col><b>Garden engine</b></col>, <cd>a wheelbarrow tank and pump for watering gardens.</cd> — <col><b>Garden glass</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>A bell glass for covering plants.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>A globe of dark-colored glass, mounted on a pedestal, to reflect surrounding objects; — much used as an ornament in gardens in Germany.</cd> — <col><b>Garden house</b></col> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>A summer house.</cd> <i>Beau. & Fl.</i> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>A privy.</cd> [Southern U.S.] — <col><b>Garden husbandry</b></col>, <cd>the raising on a small scale of seeds, fruits, vegetables, etc., for sale.</cd> — <col><b>Garden</b></col> <col><b>mold or mould</b></col>, <cd>rich, mellow earth which is fit for a garden.</cd> <i>Mortimer.</i> — <col><b>Garden nail</b></col>, <cd>a cast nail used, for fastening vines to brick walls.</cd> <i>Knight.</i> — <col><b>Garden net</b></col>, <cd>a net for covering fruits trees, vines, etc., to protect them from birds.</cd> — <col><b>Garden party</b></col>, <cd>a social party held out of doors, within the grounds or garden attached to a private residence.</cd> — <col><b>Garden plot</b></col>, <cd>a plot appropriated to a garden.</cd> <col><b>Garden pot</b></col>, <cd>a watering pot.</cd> — <col><b>Garden pump</b></col>, <cd>a garden engine; a barrow pump.</cd> — <col><b>Garden shears</b></col>, <cd>large shears, for clipping trees and hedges, pruning, etc.</cd> - - <col><b>Garden spider</b></col>, <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the diadem spider (<i>Epeira diadema</i>), common in gardens, both in Europe and America. It spins a geometrical web. See <i>Geometric spider</i>, and <i>Spider web</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Garden stand</b></col>, <cd>a stand for flower pots.</cd> — <col><b>Garden stuff</b></col>, <cd>vegetables raised in a garden.</cd> [Colloq.] — <col><b>Garden syringe</b></col>, <cd>a syringe for watering plants, sprinkling them with solutions for destroying insects, etc.</cd> — <col><b>Garden truck</b></col>, <cd>vegetables raised for the market.</cd> [Colloq.] — <col><b>Garden ware</b></col>, <cd>garden truck.</cd> [Obs.] <i>Mortimer.</i> — <col><b>Bear garden</b></col>, <col><b>Botanic garden</b></col>, <cd>etc. See under <u>Bear</u>, etc.</cd> — <col><b>Hanging garden</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Hanging</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Kitchen garden</b></col>, <cd>a garden where vegetables are cultivated for household use.</cd> — <col><b>Market garden</b></col>, <cd>a piece of ground where vegetable are cultivated to be sold in the markets for table use.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Gar"den</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Gardened</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Gardening</u>.] <def>To lay out or cultivate a garden; to labor in a garden; to practice horticulture.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gar"den</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To cultivate as a garden.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gar"den*er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who makes and tends a garden; a horticulturist.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Garde"ni*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A genus of plants, some species of which produce beautiful and fragrant flowers; Cape jasmine; — so called in honor of Dr. Alexander <i>Garden</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gar"den*ing</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The art of occupation of laying out and cultivating gardens; horticulture.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gar"den*less</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Destitute of a garden.</def> <i>Shelley.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gar"den*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Like a garden.</def> [R.] <i>W. Marshall.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gar"den*ship</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Horticulture.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Gar"don</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A European cyprinoid fish; the id.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gar`dy*loo"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>gare l'eau</i> beware of the water.] <def>An old cry in throwing water, slops, etc., from the windows in Edingburgh.</def> <i>Sir. W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gare</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. <u>Gear</u>.] <def>Coarse wool on the legs of sheep.</def> <i>Blount.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gare"fowl`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The great auk; also, the razorbill. See <u>Auk</u>.</def> [Written also <i>gairfowl</i>, and <i>gurfel</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Gar"fish`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Gar</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A European marine fish (<i>Belone vulgaris</i>); — called also <i>gar</i>, <i>gerrick</i>, <i>greenback</i>, <i>greenbone</i>, <i>gorebill</i>, <i>hornfish</i>, <i>longnose</i>, <i>mackerel guide</i>, <i>sea needle</i>, and <i>sea pike</i>.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>One of several species of similar fishes of the genus <i>Tylosurus</i>, of which one species (<i>T. marinus</i>) is common on the Atlantic coast. <i>T. Caribb&aelig;us</i>, a very large species, and <i>T. crassus</i>, are more southern; — called also <i>needlefish</i>. Many of the common names of the European garfish are also applied to the American species.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gar"ga*lize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [Cf. <u>Gargle</u>, <u>Gargarize</u>.] <def>To gargle; to rinse.</def> [Obs.] <i>Marston.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gar"ga*ney</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A small European duck (<i>Anas querquedula</i>); — called also <i>cricket teal</i>, and <i>summer teal</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gar*gan"tu*an</hw> (?; 135), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [From <i>Gargantua</i>, an allegorical hero of Rabelais.] <def>Characteristic of Gargantua, a gigantic, wonderful personage; enormous; prodigious; inordinate.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gar"ga*rism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>gargarisme</i>, L. <i>gargarisma</i>. See <u>Gargarize</u>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>A gargle.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gar"ga*rize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [F. <i>gargarizare</i>, fr. Gr. &?;.] <def>To gargle; to rinse or wash, as the mouth and throat.</def> [Obs.] <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><hw>Garget</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>garget</i>, <i>gargate</i>, throat, OF. <i>gargate</i>. Cf. <u>Gorge</u>. The etymol. of senses 2, 3, & 4 is not certain.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The throat.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A diseased condition of the udders of cows, etc., arising from an inflammation of the mammary glands.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A distemper in hogs, indicated by staggering and loss of appetite.</def> <i>Youatt.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>See <u>Poke</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gar"gil</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. <u>Garget</u>, <u>Gargoyle</u>.] <def>A distemper in geese, affecting the head.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gar"gle</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>See <u>Gargoyle</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gar"gle</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Garggled</u> (?), <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Gargling</u> (&?;).] [F. <i>gargouiller</i> to dabble, paddle, gargle. Cf. <u>Gargoyle</u>, <u>Gurgle</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To wash or rinse, as the mouth or throat, particular the latter, agitating the liquid (water or a medicinal preparation) by an expulsion of air from the lungs.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To warble; to sing as if gargling</def> [Obs.] <i>Waller.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gar"gle</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A liquid, as water or some medicated preparation, used to cleanse the mouth and throat, especially for a medical effect.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gar"gol</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. <u>Gargil</u>.] <def>A distemper in swine; garget.</def> <i>Mortimer.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Gar`gou*lette"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F.] <def>A water cooler or jug with a handle and spout; a gurglet.</def> <i>Mollett.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gar"goyle</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>garguilie</i>, <i>gargouille</i>, cf. Sp. <i>g&aacute;rgola</i>, prob. fr. the same source as F. <i>gorge</i> throat, influenced by L. <i>gargarizare</i> to gargle. See <u>Gorge</u> and cf. <u>Gargle</u>, <u>Gargarize</u>.] <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>A spout projecting from the roof gutter of a building, often carved grotesquely.</def> [Written also <i>gargle</i>, <i>gargyle</i>, and <i>gurgoyle</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Gar"gyle</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>See <u>Gargoyle</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ga`ri*bal"di</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A jacket worn by women; — so called from its resemblance in shape to the red shirt worn by the Italians patriot <i>Garibaldi</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A California market fish (<i>Pomancentrus rubicundus</i>) of a deep scarlet color.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gar"ish</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. OE. <i>gauren</i> to stare; of uncertain origin. Cf. <u>gairish</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Showy; dazzling; ostentatious; attracting or exciting attention.</def> "The <i>garish</i> sun." "A <i>garish</i> flag." <i>Shak.</i> "<i>In</i> . . . <i>garish</i> colors." <i>Asham.</i> "<i>The garish</i> day." <i>J. H. Newman.</i></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Garish</i> like the laughters of drunkenness.</blockquote> <i>Jer. Taylor.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Gay to extravagance; flighty.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>It makes the mind loose and <i>garish</i>.</blockquote> <i>South.</i></p>

<p>— <wf>Gar"ish*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Garish*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>Jer. Taylor.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gar"land</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>garland</i>, <i>gerlond</i>, OF. <i>garlande</i>, F. <i>guirlande</i>; of uncertain origin; cf. OHG. <i>wiara</i>, <i>wiera</i>, crown, pure gold, MHG. <i>wieren</i> to adorn.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The crown of a king.</def> [Obs.] <i>Graffon.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A wreath of chaplet made of branches, flowers, or feathers, and sometimes of precious stones, to be worn on the head like a crown; a coronal; a wreath.</def> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><! p. 613 !></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>The top; the thing most prized.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>A book of extracts in prose or poetry; an anthology.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>They [ballads] began to be collected into little miscellanies under the name of <i>garlands</i>.</blockquote> <i>Percy.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <i>(Naut.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A sort of netted bag used by sailors to keep provision in.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A grommet or ring of rope lashed to a spar for convenience in handling.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gar"land</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Garlanded</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Garlanding</u>.] <def>To deck with a garland.</def> <i>B. Jonson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gar"land*less</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Destitute of a garland.</def> <i>Shelley.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gar"lic</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>garlek</i>, AS. <i>g&amacr;rle&aacute;c</i>; <i>gar</i> spear, lance + <i>le&aacute;c</i> leek. See <u>Gar</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, and <u>Leek</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A plant of the genus <i>Allium</i> (<i>A. sativum</i> is the cultivated variety), having a bulbous root, a very strong smell, and an acrid, pungent taste. Each root is composed of several lesser bulbs, called <i>cloves of garlic</i>, inclosed in a common membranous coat, and easily separable.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A kind of jig or farce.</def> [Obs.] <i>Taylor (1630).</i></p>

<p><col><b>Garlic mustard</b></col>, <cd>a European plant of the Mustard family (<i>Alliaria officinalis</i>) which has a strong smell of garlic.</cd> — <col><b>Garlic pear tree</b></col>, <cd>a tree in Jamaica (<i>Crat&aelig;va gynandra</i>), bearing a fruit which has a strong scent of garlic, and a burning taste.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Gar"lick*y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Like or containing garlic.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gar"ment</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>garnement</i>, OF. <i>garnement</i>, <i>garniment</i>, fr. <i>garnir</i> to garnish. See <u>Garnish</u>.] <def>Any article of clothing, as a coat, a gown, etc.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>No man putteth a piece of new cloth unto old <i>garment</i>.</blockquote> <i>Matt. ix. 16.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gar"ment*ed</hw>, <pos><i>p. a.</i></pos> <def>Having on a garment; attired; enveloped, as with a garment.</def> [Poetic]</p>

<p><blockquote>A lovely lady <i>garmented</i> in light<BR> From her own beauty.</blockquote> <i>Shelley.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gar"men*ture</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Clothing; dress.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gar"ner</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>garner</i>, <i>gerner</i>, <i>greiner</i>, OF. <i>gernier</i>, <i>grenier</i>, F. <i>grenier</i>, fr. L. <i>granarium</i>, fr. <i>granum</i>. See 1st <u>Grain</u>, and cf. <u>Granary</u>.] <def>A granary; a building or place where grain is stored for preservation.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gar"ner</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Garnered</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Garnering</u>.] <def>To gather for preservation; to store, as in a granary; to treasure.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gar"net</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>gernet</i>, <i>grenat</i>, OF. <i>grenet</i>,<i>grenat</i>, F. <i>grenat</i>, LL. <i>granatus</i>, fr. L. <i>granatum</i> pomegranate, <i>granatus</i> having many grains or seeds, fr. <i>granum</i> grain, seed. So called from its resemblance in color and shape to the grains or seeds of the pomegranate. See <u>Grain</u>, and cf. <u>Grenade</u>, <u>Pomegranate</u>.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>A mineral having many varieties differing in color and in their constituents, but with the same crystallization (isometric), and conforming to the same general chemical formula. The commonest color is red, the luster is vitreous, and the hardness greater than that of quartz. The dodecahedron and trapezohedron are the common forms.</def></p>

<p>&fist; There are also white, green, yellow, brown, and black varieties. The garnet is a silicate, the bases being aluminia lime (<i>grossularite</i>, <i>essonite</i>, or <i>cinnamon stone</i>), or aluminia magnesia (<i>pyrope</i>), or aluminia iron (<i>almandine</i>), or aluminia manganese (<i>spessartite</i>), or iron lime (<i>common garnet</i>, <i>melanite</i>, <i>allochroite</i>), or chromium lime (<i>ouvarovite</i>, color emerald green). The transparent red varieties are used as gems. The garnet was, in part, the carbuncle of the ancients. Garnet is a very common mineral in gneiss and mica slate.</p>

<p><col><b>Garnet berry</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>the red currant; — so called from its transparent red color.</cd> — <col><b>Garnet brown</b></col> <i>(Chem.)</i>, <cd>an artificial dyestuff, produced as an explosive brown crystalline substance with a green or golden luster. It consists of the potassium salt of a complex cyanogen derivative of picric acid.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Gar"net</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Etymol. unknown.] <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>A tackle for hoisting cargo in or out.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Clew garnet</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Clew</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Gar`net*if"er*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [1st <i>garnet</i> + <i>-ferous</i>.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>Containing garnets.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gar"ni*er*ite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Named after the French geologist <i>Garnier</i>.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>An amorphous mineral of apple-green color; a hydrous silicate of nickel and magnesia. It is an important ore of nickel.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gar"nish</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Garnished</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Garnishing</u>.] [OE. <i>garnischen</i>, <i>garnissen</i>, OF. <i>garnir</i> to provide, strengthen, prepare, garnish, warn, F. <i>garnir</i> to provide, furnish, garnish, — of German origin; cf. OHG. <i>warn&omacr;n</i> to provide, equip; akin to G. <i>wahren</i> to watch, E. <i>aware</i>, <i>ware</i>, <i>wary</i>, and cf. also E. <i>warn</i>. See <u>Wary</u>, <u>-ish</u>, and cf. <u>Garment</u>, <u>Garrison</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To decorate with ornamental appendages; to set off; to adorn; to embellish.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>All within with flowers was <i>garnished</i>.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Cookery)</i> <def>To ornament, as a dish, with something laid about it; as, a dish <i>garnished</i> with parsley.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To furnish; to supply.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To fit with fetters.</def> [Cant] <i>Johnson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <i>(Law)</i> <def>To warn by garnishment; to give notice to; to garnishee. See <u>Garnishee</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos></def> <i>Cowell.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gar"nish</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Something added for embellishment; decoration; ornament; also, dress; garments, especially such as are showy or decorated.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>So are you, sweet,<BR> Even in the lovely <i>garnish</i> of a boy.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Matter and figure they produce;<BR> For <i>garnish</i> this, and that for use.</blockquote> <i>Prior.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Cookery)</i> <def>Something set round or upon a dish as an embellishment. See <u>Garnish</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>, 2.</def> <i>Smart.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Fetters.</def> [Cant]</p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>A fee; specifically, in English jails, formerly an unauthorized fee demanded by the old prisoners of a newcomer.</def> [Cant] <i>Fielding.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Garnish bolt</b></col> <i>(Carp.)</i>, <cd>a bolt with a chamfered or faceted head.</cd> <i>Knight.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gar`nish*ee"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Law)</i> <def>One who is garnished; a person upon whom garnishment has been served in a suit by a creditor against a debtor, such person holding property belonging to the debtor, or owing him money.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The order by which warning is made is called a <i>garnishee order</i>.</p>

<p><hw>Gar`nish*ee"</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Garnisheed</u> (-&emacr;d); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Garnisheeing</u>.] <i>(Law)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>To make (a person) a garnishee; to warn by garnishment; to garnish.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>To attach (the fund or property sought to be secured by garnishment); to trustee.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gar"nish*er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who, or that which, garnishes.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gar"nish*ment</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. OF. <i>garnissement</i> protection, guarantee, warning.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Ornament; embellishment; decoration.</def> <i>Sir H. Wotton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Law)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>Warning, or legal notice, to one to appear and give information to the court on any matter.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>Warning to a person in whose hands the effects of another are attached, not to pay the money or deliver the goods to the defendant, but to appear in court and give information as garnishee.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A fee. See <u>Garnish</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, 4.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gar"ni*ture</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>garniture</i>. See <u>Garnish</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>] <def>That which garnishes; ornamental appendage; embellishment; furniture; dress.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The pomp of groves and <i>garniture</i> of fields.</blockquote> <i>Beattie.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Ga*roo"kuh</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A small fishing vessel met with in the Persian Gulf.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ga"rous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [From <u>Garum</u>.] <def>Pertaining to, or resembling, garum.</def> <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gar" pike`</hw> or <hw>Gar"pike`</hw>. <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>See under <u>Gar</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gar"ran</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gael. <i>garr&aacute;n</i>, <i>gearr&aacute;n</i>, gelding, work horse, hack.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>See <u>Galloway</u>.</def> [Scot. <i>garron</i> or <i>gerron</i>. <i>Jamieson.</i>]</p>

<p><hw>Gar"ret</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>garite</i>, <i>garette</i>, watchtower, place of lookout, OF. <i>garite</i>, also meaning, a place of refuge, F. <i>gu&eacute;rite</i> a place of refuge, donjon, sentinel box, fr. OF. <i>garir</i> to preserve, save, defend, F. <i>gu&eacute;rir</i> to cure; of German origin; cf. OHG. <i>werian</i> to protect, defend, hinder, G. <i>wehren</i>, akin to Goth. <i>warjan</i> to hinder, and akin to E. <i>weir</i>, or perhaps to <i>wary</i>. See <u>Weir</u>, and cf. <u>Guerite</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A turret; a watchtower.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>He saw men go up and down on the <i>garrets</i> of the gates and walls.</blockquote> <i>Ld. Berners.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>That part of a house which is on the upper floor, immediately under or within the roof; an attic.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The tottering <i>garrets</i> which overhung the streets of Rome.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gar"ret*ed</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Protected by turrets.</def> [Obs.] <i>R. Carew.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gar`ret*eer"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who lives in a garret; a poor author; a literary hack.</def> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gar"ret*ing</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Small splinters of stone inserted into the joints of coarse masonry.</def> <i>Weale.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gar"ri*son</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>garnisoun</i>, F. <i>garnison</i> garrison, in OF. & OE. also, provision, munitions, from <i>garnir</i> to garnish. See <u>Garnish</u>.] <i>(Mil.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A body of troops stationed in a fort or fortified town.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A fortified place, in which troops are quartered for its security.</def></p>

<p><col><b>In garrison</b></col>, <cd>in the condition of a garrison; doing duty in a fort or as one of a garrison.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Gar"ri*son</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Garrisoned</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Garrisoning</u>.] <i>(Mil.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>To place troops in, as a fortification, for its defense; to furnish with soldiers; as, to <i>garrison</i> a fort or town.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>To secure or defend by fortresses manned with troops; as, to <i>garrison</i> a conquered territory.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gar"ron</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Garran</u>.</def> [Scot.]</p>

<p><hw>Gar"rot</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. Cf. <u>Garrote</u>.] <i>(Surg.)</i> <def>A stick or small wooden cylinder used for tightening a bandage, in order to compress the arteries of a limb.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gar"rot</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The European golden-eye.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gar*rote"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Sp. <i>garrote</i>, from <i>garra</i> claw, talon, of Celtic origin; cf. Armor. & W. <i>gar</i> leg, ham, shank. Cf. <u>Garrot</u> stick, <u>Garter</u>.] <def>A Spanish mode of execution by strangulation, with an iron collar affixed to a post and tightened by a screw until life become extinct; also, the instrument by means of which the punishment is inflicted.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gar*rote"</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Garroted</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Garroting</u>.] <def>To strangle with the garrote; hence, to seize by the throat, from behind, with a view to strangle and rob.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gar*rot"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who seizes a person by the throat from behind, with a view to strangle and rob him.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gar*ru"li*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>garrulitas</i>: cf. F. <i>garrulit&eacute;</i>.] <def>Talkativeness; loquacity.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gar"ru*lous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>garrulus</i>, fr. <i>garrire</i> to chatter, talk; cf. Gr. &?; voice, &?; to speak, sing. Cf. <u>Call</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Talking much, especially about commonplace or trivial things; talkative; loquacious.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The most <i>garrulous</i> people on earth.</blockquote> <i>De Quincey.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Having a loud, harsh note; noisy; — said of birds; as, the <i>garrulous</i> roller.</def></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — <u>Garrulous</u>, <u>Talkative</u>, <u>Loquacious</u>. A <i>garrulous</i> person indulges in long, prosy talk, with frequent repetitions and lengthened details; <i>talkative</i> implies simply a great desire to talk; and <i>loquacious</i> a great flow of words at command. A child is <i>talkative</i>; a lively woman is <i>loquacious</i>; an old man in his dotage is <i>garrulous</i>.</p>

<p>— <wf>Gar"ru*lous*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Gar"ru*lous*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Gar*ru"pa</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Prob. fr. Pg. <i>garupa</i> crupper. Cf. <u>Grouper</u> the fish.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of several species of California market fishes, of the genus <i>Sebastichthys</i>; — called also <i>rockfish</i>. See <u>Rockfish</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gar"ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>gartier</i>, F. <i>jarreti&egrave;re</i>, fr. OF. <i>garet</i> bend of the knee, F. <i>jarret</i>; akin to Sp. <i>garra</i> claw, Prov. <i>garra</i> leg. See <u>Garrote</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A band used to prevent a stocking from slipping down on the leg.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The distinguishing badge of the highest order of knighthood in Great Britain, called the <i>Order of the Garter</i>, instituted by Edward III.; also, the Order itself.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Her.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Bendlet</u>.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Garter fish</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a fish of the genus <i>Lepidopus</i>, having a long, flat body, like the blade of a sword; the scabbard fish.</cd> — <col><b>Garter king-at- arms</b></col>, <cd>the chief of the official heralds of England, king-at-arms to the Order of the Garter; — often abbreviated to <i>Garter</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Garter snake</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>one of several harmless American snakes of the genus <i>Eut&aelig;nia</i>, of several species (esp. <i>E. saurita</i> and <i>E. sirtalis</i>); one of the striped snakes; — so called from its conspicuous stripes of color.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Gar"ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Gartered</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Gartering</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To bind with a garter.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He . . . could not see to <i>garter</i> his hose.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To invest with the Order of the Garter.</def> <i>T. Warton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Garth</hw> (g&auml;rth), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Icel. <i>gar&eth;r</i> yard. See <u>Yard</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A close; a yard; a croft; a garden; as, a cloister <i>garth</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A clapper clapping in a <i>garth</i><BR> To scare the fowl from fruit.</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A dam or weir for catching fish.</def></p>

<p><hw>Garth</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<u>Girth</u>.] <def>A hoop or band.</def> [Prov. Eng.]</p>

<p><hw>||Ga"rum</hw> (g&amacr;"r&ubreve;m), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., fr. Gr. <grk>ga`ros</grk>.] <def>A sauce made of small fish. It was prized by the ancients.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gar"vie</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The sprat; — called also <i>garvie herring</i>, and <i>garvock</i>.</def> [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]</p>

<p><hw>Gas</hw> (g&abreve;s), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Gases</b></plw> (-&ebreve;z). [Invented by the chemist Van Helmont of Brussels, who died in 1644.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>An a&euml;riform fluid; — a term used at first by chemists as synonymous with <i>air</i>, but since restricted to fluids supposed to be permanently elastic, as oxygen, hydrogen, etc., in distinction from vapors, as steam, which become liquid on a reduction of temperature. In present usage, since all of the supposed permanent gases have been liquified by cold and pressure, the term has resumed nearly its original signification, and is applied to any substance in the elastic or a&euml;riform state.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Popular Usage)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A complex mixture of gases, of which the most important constituents are marsh gas, olefiant gas, and hydrogen, artificially produced by the destructive distillation of gas coal, or sometimes of peat, wood, oil, resin, etc. It gives a brilliant light when burned, and is the common gas used for illuminating purposes.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>Laughing gas.</def> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <def>Any irrespirable a&euml;riform fluid.</def></p>

<p>&fist; <i>Gas</i> is often used adjectively or in combination; as, <i>gas</i> fitter or <i>gas</i>fitter; <i>gas</i> meter or <i>gas</i>-meter, etc.</p>

<p><col><b>Air gas</b></col> <i>(Chem.)</i>, <cd>a kind of gas made by forcing air through some volatile hydrocarbon, as the lighter petroleums. The air is so saturated with combustible vapor as to be a convenient illuminating and heating agent.</cd> — <col><b>Gas battery</b></col> <i>(Elec.)</i>, <cd>a form of voltaic battery, in which gases, especially hydrogen and oxygen, are the active agents.</cd> — <col><b>Gas carbon</b></col>, <col><b>Gas coke</b></col>, <cd>etc. See under <u>Carbon</u>, <u>Coke</u>, etc.</cd> — <col><b>Gas coal</b></col>, <cd>a bituminous or hydrogenous coal yielding a high percentage of volatile matters, and therefore available for the manufacture of illuminating gas.</cd> <i>R. W. Raymond.</i> — <col><b>Gas engine</b></col>, <cd>an engine in which the motion of the piston is produced by the combustion or sudden production or expansion of gas; — especially, an engine in which an explosive mixture of gas and air is forced into the working cylinder and ignited there by a gas flame or an electric spark.</cd> — <col><b>Gas fitter</b></col>, <cd>one who lays pipes and puts up fixtures for gas.</cd> — <col><b>Gas fitting</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>The occupation of a gas fitter.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <i>pl.</i> <cd>The appliances needed for the introduction of gas into a building, as meters, pipes, burners, etc.</cd> — <col><b>Gas fixture</b></col>, <cd>a device for conveying illuminating or combustible gas from the pipe to the gas- burner, consisting of an appendage of cast, wrought, or drawn metal, with tubes upon which the burners, keys, etc., are adjusted.</cd> — <col><b>Gas generator</b></col>, <cd>an apparatus in which gas is evolved</cd>; as: <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>a retort in which volatile hydrocarbons are evolved by heat</cd>; <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>a machine in which air is saturated with the vapor of liquid hydrocarbon; a carburetor</cd>; <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <cd>a machine for the production of carbonic acid gas, for a&euml;rating water, bread, etc.</cd> <i>Knight.</i> — <col><b>Gas jet</b></col>, <cd>a flame of illuminating gas.</cd> — <col><b>Gas machine</b></col>, <cd>an apparatus for carbureting air for use as illuminating gas.</cd> — <col><b>Gas meter</b></col>, <cd>an instrument for recording the quantity of gas consumed in a given time, at a particular place.</cd> — <col><b>Gas retort</b></col>, <cd>a retort which contains the coal and other materials, and in which the gas is generated, in the manufacture of gas.</cd> — <col><b>Gas stove</b></col>, <cd>a stove for cooking or other purposes, heated by gas.</cd> — <col><b>Gas tar</b></col>, <cd>coal tar.</cd> — <col><b>Gas trap</b></col>, <cd>a drain trap; a sewer trap. See 4th <u>Trap</u>, 5.</cd> — <col><b>Gas washer</b></col> <i>(Gas Works)</i>, <cd>an apparatus within which gas from the condenser is brought in contact with a falling stream of water, to precipitate the tar remaining in it.</cd> <i>Knight.</i> — <col><b>Gas water</b></col>, <cd>water through which gas has been passed for purification; — called also <i>gas liquor</i> and <i>ammoniacal water</i>, and used for the manufacture of sal ammoniac, carbonate of ammonia, and Prussian blue.</cd> <i>Tomlinson.</i> — <col><b>Gas well</b></col>, <cd>a deep boring, from which natural gas is discharged.</cd> <i>Raymond.</i> — <col><b>Gas works</b></col>, <cd>a manufactory of gas, with all the machinery and appurtenances; a place where gas is generated for lighting cities.</cd> — <col><b>Laughing gas</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Laughing</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Marsh gas</b></col> <i>(Chem.)</i>, <cd>a light, combustible, gaseous hydrocarbon, CH<sub>4</sub>, produced artificially by the dry distillation of many organic substances, and occurring as a natural product of decomposition in stagnant pools, whence its name. It is an abundant ingredient of ordinary illuminating gas, and is the first member of the paraffin series. Called also <i>methane</i>, and in coal mines, <i>fire damp</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Natural gas</b></col>, <cd>gas obtained from wells, etc., in Pennsylvania, Ohio, and elsewhere, and largely used for fuel and illuminating purposes. It is chiefly derived from the Coal Measures.</cd> — <col><b>Olefiant gas</b></col> <i>(Chem.)</i>. <cd>See <u>Ethylene</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Water gas</b></col> <i>(Chem.)</i>, <cd>a kind of gas made by forcing steam over glowing coals, whereby there results a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide. This gives a gas of intense heating power, but destitute of light-giving properties, and which is charged by passing through some volatile hydrocarbon, as gasoline.</cd></p>

<p><! p. 614 !></p>

<p><hw>Gas`a*lier"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Formed from <i>gas</i>, in imitation of chande<i>lier</i>.] <def>A chandelier arranged to burn gas.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gas"-burn`er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The jet piece of a gas fixture where the gas is burned as it escapes from one or more minute orifices.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gas"coines</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Gaskins</u>, 1.</def> <i>Lyly.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gas"con</hw> (?; F. ?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [F.] <def>Of or pertaining to Gascony, in France, or to the Gascons; also, braggart; swaggering.</def> — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A native of Gascony; a boaster; a bully. See <u>Gasconade</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gas`con*ade"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>gasconnade</i>, from <i>Gascon</i> an inhabitant of Gascony, the people of which were noted for boasting.] <def>A boast or boasting; a vaunt; a bravado; a bragging; braggodocio.</def> <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gas`con*ade"</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Gasconaded</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Gasconading</u>.] <def>To boast; to brag; to bluster.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gas`con*ad"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A great boaster; a blusterer.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gas"coynes</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> <def>Gaskins.</def> <i>Beau. & Fl.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gas*e"i*ty</hw> (? or ?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>State of being gaseous.</def> [R] <i>Eng. Cyc.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gas"e*ous</hw> (? or ?; 277), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [From <u>Gas</u>. Cf. F. <i>gazeux</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>In the form, or of the nature, of gas, or of an a&euml;riform fluid.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Lacking substance or solidity; tenuous.</def> "Unconnected, <i>gaseous</i> information." <i>Sir J. Stephen.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gash</hw> (g&abreve;sh), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Gashed</u> (g&abreve;sht); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Gashing</u>.] [For older <i>garth</i> or <i>garse</i>, OF. <i>garser</i> to scarify, F. <i>gercer</i> to chap, perh. from an assumed LL. <i>carptiare</i>, fr. L. <i>carpere</i>, <i>carptum</i>, to pluck, separate into parts; cf. LL. <i>carptare</i> to wound. Cf. <u>Carpet</u>.] <def>To make a gash, or long, deep incision in; — applied chiefly to incisions in flesh.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Grievously <i>gashed</i> or gored to death.</blockquote> <i>Hayward.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gash</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A deep and long cut; an incision of considerable length and depth, particularly in flesh.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gash"ful</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Full of gashes; hideous; frightful.</def> [Obs.] "A <i>gashful</i>, horrid, ugly shape." <i>Gayton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gas`i*fi*ca"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Gasify</u>.] <def>The act or process of converting into gas.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gas"i*form</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having a form of gas; gaseous.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gas"i*fy</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Gasified</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Gasifying</u>.] [<i>Gas</i> + <i>-fy</i>.] <def>To convert into gas, or an a&euml;riform fluid, as by the application of heat, or by chemical processes.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gas"i*fy</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To become gas; to pass from a liquid to a gaseous state.</def> <i>Scientific American.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gas"ket</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>garcette</i>, It. <i>gaschetta</i>, Sp. <i>cajeta</i> caburn, <i>garceta</i> reef point.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>A line or band used to lash a furled sail securely. <i>Sea gaskets</i> are common lines; <i>harbor gaskets</i> are plaited and decorated lines or bands. Called also <i>casket</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Mech.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The plaited hemp used for packing a piston, as of the steam engine and its pumps.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>Any ring or washer of packing.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gas"kins</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [Cf. <u>Galligaskins</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Loose hose or breeches; galligaskins.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Packing of hemp.</def> <i>Simmonds.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A horse's thighs.</def> [Prov. Eng.] <i>Wright.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gas"light`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The light yielded by the combustion of illuminating gas.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A gas jet or burner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gas"o*gen</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Gas</i> + <i>- gen</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>An apparatus for the generation of gases, or for impregnating a liquid with a gas, or a gas with a volatile liquid.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A volatile hydrocarbon, used as an illuminant, or for charging illuminating gas.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gas`o*lene</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Gasoline</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gas`o*lier"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Gasalier</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gas"o*line</hw> (? or ?; 104), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A highly volatile mixture of fluid hydrocarbons, obtained from petroleum, as also by the distillation of bituminous coal. It is used in making air gas, and in giving illuminating power to water gas. See <u>Carburetor</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gas*om"e*ter</hw> (? or ?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Gas</i> + <i>-meter</i>. Cf. F. <i>gazom&egrave;tre</i>.] <def>An apparatus for holding and measuring of gas; in gas works, a huge iron cylinder closed at one end and having the other end immersed in water, in which it is made to rise or fall, according to the volume of gas it contains, or the pressure required.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Gas`o*met"ric</hw> (? or ?), <hw>Gas`o*met"ric*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to the measurement of gases; as, <i>gasometric</i> analysis.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gas*om"e*try</hw> (? or ?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The art or practice of measuring gases; also, the science which treats of the nature and properties of these elastic fluids.</def> <i>Coxe.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gas"o*scope</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Gas</i> + <i>- scope</i>.] <def>An apparatus for detecting the presence of any dangerous gas, from a gas leak in a coal mine or a dwelling house.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gasp</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Gasped</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Gasping</u>.] [OE. <i>gaspen</i>, <i>gaispen</i>, to yawn, gasp, Icel. <i>geispa</i> to yawn; akin to Sw. <i>g&auml;spa</i>, Dan. <i>gispe</i> to gasp.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To open the mouth wide in catching the breath, or in laborious respiration; to labor for breath; to respire convulsively; to pant violently.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>She <i>gasps</i> and struggles hard for life.</blockquote> <i>Lloyd.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To pant with eagerness; to show vehement desire.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Quenching the <i>gasping</i> furrows' thirst with rain.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gasp</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To emit or utter with gasps; — with <i>forth</i>, <i>out</i>, <i>away</i>, etc.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>And with short sobs he <i>gasps</i> away his breath.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gasp</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The act of opening the mouth convulsively to catch the breath; a labored respiration; a painful catching of the breath.</def></p>

<p><col><b>At the last gasp</b></col>, <cd>at the point of death.</cd> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gas"per*eau</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The alewife.</def> [Local, Canada]</p>

<p><hw>Gas*se"ri*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Relating to Casserio (L. <i>Gasserius</i>), the discover of the Gasserian ganglion.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Gasserian ganglion</b></col> <i>(Anat.)</i>, <cd>a large ganglion, at the root of the trigeminal, or fifth cranial, nerve.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Gas"sing</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Manuf.)</i> <def>The process of passing cotton goods between two rollers and exposing them to numerous minute jets of gas to burn off the small fibers; any similar process of singeing.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Boasting; insincere or empty talk.</def> [Slang]</p>

<p><hw>Gas"sy</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Full of gas; like gas. Hence: [Colloq.] Inflated; full of boastful or insincere talk.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gast</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [OE. <i>gasten</i>, <i>g&?;sten</i> to frighten, akin to Goth. <i>usgaisjan</i>. See <u>Aghast</u>, <u>Ghastly</u>, and cf. <u>Gaze</u>.] <def>To make aghast; to frighten; to terrify. See <u>Aghast</u>.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer. Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gast"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To gast.</def> [Obs.] <i>Beau. & Fl.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Gas`te*ro*my*ce"tes</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., from Gr. &?; stomach + &?; a mushroom.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>An order of fungi, in which the spores are borne inside a sac called the peridium, as in the puffballs.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gas"ter*o*pod</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Gastropod</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Gas`te*rop`o*da</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Gastropoda</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gas`ter*op"o*dous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Gastropodous</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gast"ful</hw>, <hw>Gast"ly</hw> (&?;), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Obs.] <def>See <u>Ghastful</u>, <u>Ghastly</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gas"tight`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>So tightly fitted as to preclude the escape of gas; impervious to gas.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gast"ness</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Ghastness</u>.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>||Gas*tor"nis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., from <i>Gaston</i> M. Plante, the discover + Gr. &?; bird.] <i>(Paleon.)</i> <def>A genus of large eocene birds from the Paris basin.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Gas*tr&aelig;"a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., from Gr. &?;, &?;, the stomach.] <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>A primeval larval form; a double-walled sac from which, according to the hypothesis of Haeckel, man and all other animals, that in the first stages of their individual evolution pass through a two-layered structural stage, or gastrula form, must have descended. This idea constitutes the <i>Gastr&aelig;a theory</i> of Haeckel. See <u>Gastrula</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Gas*tral"gi*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, &?;, stomach + &?; pain.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Pain in the stomach or epigastrium, as in gastric disorders.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gas"tric</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;, &?;, stomach: cf. F. <i>gastrique</i>.] <def>Of, pertaining to, or situated near, the stomach; as, the <i>gastric</i> artery.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Gastric digestion</b></col> <i>(Physiol.)</i>, <cd>the conversion of the albuminous portion of food in the stomach into soluble and diffusible products by the solvent action of gastric juice.</cd> — <col><b>Gastric fever</b></col> <i>(Med.)</i>, <cd>a fever attended with prominent gastric symptoms; — a name applied to certain forms of typhoid fever; also, to catarrhal inflammation of the stomach attended with fever.</cd> — <col><b>Gastric juice</b></col> <i>(Physiol.)</i>, <cd>a thin, watery fluid, with an acid reaction, secreted by a peculiar set of glands contained in the mucous membrane of the stomach. It consists mainly of dilute hydrochloric acid and the ferment pepsin. It is the most important digestive fluid in the body, but acts only on proteid foods.</cd> — <col><b>Gastric remittent fever</b></col> <i>(Med.)</i>, <cd>a form of remittent fever with pronounced stomach symptoms.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Gas*tril"o*quist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>gasth`r</grk>, <grk>gastro`s</grk>, stomach + L. <i>loqui</i> to speak.] <def>One who appears to speak from his stomach; a ventriloquist.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gas*tril"o*quous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Ventriloquous.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Gas*tril"o*quy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A voice or utterance which appears to proceed from the stomach; ventriloquy.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Gas*tri"tis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., from. Gr. &?;, &?;, stomach + <i>-itis</i>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Inflammation of the stomach, esp. of its mucuos membrane.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gas"tro-</hw> (?). <def>A combining form from the Gr. &?;, &?;, the stomach, or belly; as in <i>gastro</i>colic, <i>gastro</i>cele, <i>gastro</i>tomy.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gas`troc*ne"mi*us</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., from Gr. &?; the calf of the leg.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>The muscle which makes the greater part of the calf of the leg.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gas`tro*col"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Gastro-</i> + <i>colic</i>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Pertaining to both the stomach and the colon; as, the <i>gastrocolic</i>, or great, omentum.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gas`tro*disc</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Gastro-</i> + <i>disc</i>.] <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>That part of blastoderm where the hypoblast appears like a small disk on the inner face of the epibladst.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gas`tro*du"o*de"nal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Gastro- </i> + <i>-duodenal</i>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Pertaining to the stomach and duodenum; as, the <i>gastroduodenal</i> artery.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gas`tro*du`o*de*ni"tis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Gastroduodenal</u>, and <u>-itis</u>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Inflammation of the stomach and duodenum. It is one of the most frequent causes of jaundice.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gas`tro*el`y*trot"o*my</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Gastro-</i> + Gr &?; sheath + &?; a cutting] <i>(Surg.)</i> <def>The operation of cutting into the upper part of the vagina, through the abdomen (without opening the peritoneum), for the purpose of removing a fetus. It is a substitute for the C&aelig;sarean operation, and less dangerous.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gas`tro*en*te"ric</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Gastro- </i> + <i>-enteric</i>.] <i>(Anat. & Med.)</i> <def>Gastrointestinal.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Gas`tro*en`te*ri"tis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Gastroenrteric</u>, and <u>-itis</u>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Inflammation of the lining membrane of the stomach and the intestines.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gas`tro*ep`i*plo"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Gastro- </i> + <i>-epiploic</i>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to the stomach and omentum.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gas`tro*he*pat"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Gastro- </i> + <i>-hepatic</i>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Pertaining to the stomach and liver; hepatogastric; as, the <i>gastrohepatic</i>, or lesser, omentum.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gas`tro*hys`ter*ot"o*my</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Gastro-</i> + Gr. &?; womb + <i>&?;</i> to cut.] <i>(Surg.)</i> <def>C&aelig;sarean section. See under <u>C&aelig;sarean</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gas`tro*in*tes"ti*nal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Gastro-</i> + <i>-intestinal</i>.] <i>(Anat. & Med.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to the stomach and intestines; gastroenteric.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gas`tro*lith</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Gastro-</i> + <i>-lith</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>See <i>Crab's eyes</i>, under <u>Crab</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gas*trol"o*gy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr &?;; &?;, &?;, stomach + &?; discourse: cf. F. <i>gastrologie</i>.] <def>The science which treats of the structure and functions of the stomach; a treatise of the stomach.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Gas`tro*ma*la"ci*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, &?;, stomach + &?; softness, fr. &?; soft.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>A softening of the coats of the stomach; — usually a post- morten change.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gas`tro*man"cy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Gastro-</i> + <i>-mancy</i>: cf. F. <i>gastromancy</i>.] <i>(Antiq.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A kind of divination, by means of words seemingly uttered from the stomach.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A species of divination, by means of glasses or other round, transparent vessels, in the center of which figures are supposed to appear by magic art.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Gas`tro*my"ces</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, &?;, stomach + &?;, &?;, a fungus.] <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>The fungoid growths sometimes found in the stomach; such as Torula, etc.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gas"tro*myth</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Gastro-</i> + Gr. &?; to say, speak.] <def>One whose voice appears to proceed from the stomach; a ventriloquist.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p>{ <hw>Gas"tro*nome</hw> (?), <hw>Gas*tron"o*mer</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>gastronome</i>, fr. Gr. &?;, &?;, stomach + &?; law, &?; to distribute.] <def>One fond of good living; an epicure.</def> <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gas`tro*nom"ic</hw> (?), <hw>Gas`tro*nom"ic*al</hw> (&?;), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>gastronomique</i>.] <def>Pertaining to gastromony.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gas*tron"o*mist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A gastromomer.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gas*tron"o*my</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;: cf. F. <i>gastronomie</i>.] <def>The art or science of good eating; epicurism; the art of good cheer.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gas`tro*phren"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Gastro- </i> + <i>-phrenic</i>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Pertaining to the stomach and diaphragm; as, the <i>gastrophrenic</i> ligament.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gas`tro*pneu*mat"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Gastro- </i> + <i>pneumatic</i>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Pertaining to the alimentary canal and air passages, and to the cavities connected with them; as, the <i>gastropneumatic</i> mucuos membranes.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gas"tro*pod</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of the Gastropoda.</def> [Written also <i>gasteropod</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>||Gas*trop"o*da</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos>, [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, &?;, stomach + <i>-poda</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of the classes of Mollusca, of great extent. It includes most of the marine spiral shells, and the land and fresh-water snails. They generally creep by means of a flat, muscular disk, or foot, on the ventral side of the body. The head usually bears one or two pairs of tentacles. See <u>Mollusca</u>.</def> [Written also <i>Gasteropoda</i>.]</p>

<p>&fist; The Gastropoda are divided into three subclasses; viz.: (<i>a</i>) The Streptoneura or Dioecia, including the Pectinibranchiata, Rhipidoglossa, Docoglossa, and Heteropoda. (<i>b</i>) The Euthyneura, including the Pulmonata and Opisthobranchia. (<i>c</i>) The Amphineura, including the Polyplacophora and Aplacophora.</p>

<p><hw>Gas*trop"o*dous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to the Gastropoda.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gas*tror"a*phy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr.&?;; &?;, &?;, stomach + &?; a sewing, fr. &?; to sew: cf. F. <i>gastrorrhaphie</i>.] <i>(Surg.)</i> <def>The operation of sewing up wounds of the abdomen.</def> <i>Quincy.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gas"tro*scope</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Gastro-</i> + <i>-scope</i>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>An instrument for viewing or examining the interior of the stomach.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gas`tro*scop"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to gastroscopy.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gas*tros"co*py</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Examination of the abdomen or stomach, as with the gastroscope.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gas`tro*splen"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Gastro- </i> + <i>splenic</i>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Pertaining to the stomach and spleen; as, the <i>gastrosplenic</i> ligament.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gas*tros"tege</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Gastro-</i> + Gr. &?; roof.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of the large scales on the belly of a serpent.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gas*tros"to*my</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Gastro-</i> + Gr. &?; mouth.] <i>(Surg.)</i> <def>The operation of making a permanent opening into the stomach, for the introduction of food.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gas*trot"o*my</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Gastro</i> + Gr. &?; to cut: cf. F. <i>gastrotomie</i>.] <i>(Surg.)</i> <def>A cutting into, or opening of, the abdomen or the stomach.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Gas*trot"ri*cha</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos>, [NL., fr. Gr. &?; belly + &?;, &?;, hair.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A group of small wormlike animals, having cilia on the ventral side. The group is regarded as an ancestral or synthetic one, related to rotifers and annelids.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Gas*trot"ro*cha</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, &?;, stomach + &?; a wheel.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A form of annelid larva having cilia on the ventral side.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gas`tro*vas"cu*lar</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Gastro- </i> + <i>-vascular</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Having the structure, or performing the functions, both of digestive and circulatory organs; as, the <i>gastrovascular</i> cavity of c&oelig;lenterates.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Gas"tru*la</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Gastrul&aelig;</b></plw> (#) [NL., dim. fr. Gr. &?; the stomach.] <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>An embryonic form having its origin in the invagination or pushing in of the wall of the planula or blastula (the <i>blastosphere</i>) on one side, thus giving rise to a double- walled sac, with one opening or mouth (the <i>blastopore</i>) which leads into the cavity (the <i>archenteron</i>) lined by the inner wall (the <i>hypoblast</i>). See <i>Illust.</i> under <u>Invagination</u>. In a more general sense, an ideal stage in embryonic development. See <u>Gastr&aelig;a</u>.</def> — <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to a gastrula.</def></p>

<p><! p. 615 !></p>

<p><hw>Gas`tru*la"tion</hw> (g&abreve;s`tr&usdot;*l&amacr;"sh&ubreve;n), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>The process of invagination, in embryonic development, by which a gastrula is formed.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Gas*tru"ra</hw> (g&abreve;s*tr&udd;"r&adot;), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. <grk>gasth`r</grk> belly + <grk>o'yra`</grk> tail.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>See <u>Stomatopoda</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gas*tru"rous</hw> (-r&ubreve;s), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Pertaining to the Gastrura.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gat</hw> (g&abreve;t), <def><pos><i>imp.</i></pos> of <u>Get</u>.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Gate</hw> (g&amacr;t), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>&yogh;et</i>, <i>&yogh;eat</i>, <i>giat</i>, gate, door, AS. <i>geat</i>, <i>gat</i>, gate, door; akin to OS., D., & Icel. <i>gat</i> opening, hole, and perh. to E. <i>gate</i> a way, <i>gait</i>, and <i>get</i>, v. Cf. <u>Gate</u> a way, 3d <u>Get</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A large door or passageway in the wall of a city, of an inclosed field or place, or of a grand edifice, etc.; also, the movable structure of timber, metal, etc., by which the passage can be closed.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>An opening for passage in any inclosing wall, fence, or barrier; or the suspended framework which closes or opens a passage. Also, figuratively, a means or way of entrance or of exit.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Knowest thou the way to Dover?<BR> Both stile and <i>gate</i>, horse way and footpath.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Opening a <i>gate</i> for a long war.</blockquote> <i>Knolles.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A door, valve, or other device, for stopping the passage of water through a dam, lock, pipe, etc.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Script.)</i> <def>The places which command the entrances or access; hence, place of vantage; power; might.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>gates</i> of hell shall not prevail against it.</blockquote> <i>Matt. xvi. 18.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>In a lock tumbler, the opening for the stump of the bolt to pass through or into.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <i>(Founding)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The channel or opening through which metal is poured into the mold; the ingate.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The waste piece of metal cast in the opening; a sprue or sullage piece.</def> [Written also <i>geat</i> and <i>git</i>.]</p>

<p><col><b>Gate chamber</b></col>, <cd>a recess in the side wall of a canal lock, which receives the opened gate.</cd> — <col><b>Gate channel</b></col>. <cd>See <u>Gate</u>, 5.</cd> — <col><b>Gate hook</b></col>, <cd>the hook-formed piece of a gate hinge.</cd> — <col><b>Gate money</b></col>, <cd>entrance money for admission to an inclosure.</cd> — <col><b>Gate tender</b></col>, <cd>one in charge of a gate, as at a railroad crossing.</cd> — <col><b>Gate valva</b></col>, <cd>a stop valve for a pipe, having a sliding gate which affords a straight passageway when open.</cd> — <col><b>Gate vein</b></col> <i>(Anat.)</i>, <cd>the portal vein.</cd> — <col><b>To break gates</b></col> <i>(Eng. Univ.)</i>, <cd>to enter a college inclosure after the hour to which a student has been restricted.</cd> — <col><b>To stand in the</b></col> <col><b>gate, or gates</b></col>, <cd>to occupy places or advantage, power, or defense.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Gate</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To supply with a gate.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Eng. Univ.)</i> <def>To punish by requiring to be within the gates at an earlier hour than usual.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gate</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Icel. <i>gata</i>; akin to SW. <i>gata</i> street, lane, Dan. <i>gade</i>, Goth. <i>gatw&ouml;</i>, G. <i>gasse</i>. Cf. <u>Gate</u> a door, <u>Gait</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A way; a path; a road; a street (as in High<i>gate</i>).</def> [O. Eng. & Scot.]</p>

<p><blockquote>I was going to be an honest man; but the devil has this very day flung first a lawyer, and then a woman, in my <i>gate</i>.</blockquote> <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Manner; gait.</def> [O. Eng. & Scot.]</p>

<p><hw>Gat"ed</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having gates.</def> <i>Young.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gate"house`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A house connected or associated with a gate.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gate"less</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having no gate.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gate"man</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A gate keeper; a gate tender.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gate"post`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A post to which a gate is hung; — called also <i>swinging or hinging post</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A post against which a gate closes; — called also <i>shutting post</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gate"way`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A passage through a fence or wall; a gate; also, a frame, arch, etc., in which a gate in hung, or a structure at an entrance or gate designed for ornament or defense.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gate"wise`</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In the manner of a gate.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Three circles of stones set up <i>gatewise</i>.</blockquote> <i>Fuller.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gath"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Gathered</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Gathering</u>.] [OE. <i>gaderen</i>, AS. <i>gaderian</i>, <i>gadrian</i>, fr. <i>gador</i>, <i>geador</i>, together, fr. <i>g&aelig;d</i> fellowship; akin to E. <i>good</i>, D. <i>gaderen</i> to collect, G. <i>gatte</i> husband, MHG. <i>gate</i>, also companion, Goth. <i>gadiliggs</i> a sister's son. &radic;29. See <u>Good</u>, and cf. <u>Together</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To bring together; to collect, as a number of separate things, into one place, or into one aggregate body; to assemble; to muster; to congregate.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>And Belgium's capital had <i>gathered</i> them<BR> Her beauty and her chivalry.</blockquote> <i>Byron.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>When he had <i>gathered</i> all the chief priests and scribes of the people together.</blockquote> <i>Matt. ii. 4.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To pick out and bring together from among what is of less value; to collect, as a harvest; to harvest; to cull; to pick off; to pluck.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A rose just <i>gathered</i> from the stalk.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Do men <i>gather</i> grapes of thorns, or figs of thistles?</blockquote> <i>Matt. vii. 16.</i></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Gather</i> us from among the heathen.</blockquote> <i>Ps. cvi. 47.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To accumulate by collecting and saving little by little; to amass; to gain; to heap up.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He that by usury and unjust gain increaseth his substance, he shall <i>gather</i> it for him that will pity the poor.</blockquote> <i>Prov. xxviii. 8.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>To pay the creditor . . . he must <i>gather</i> up money by degrees.</blockquote> <i>Locke.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To bring closely together the parts or particles of; to contract; to compress; to bring together in folds or plaits, as a garment; also, to draw together, as a piece of cloth by a thread; to pucker; to plait; as, to <i>gather</i> a ruffle.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Gathering</i> his flowing robe, he seemed to stand<BR> In act to speak, and graceful stretched his hand.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>To derive, or deduce, as an inference; to collect, as a conclusion, from circumstances that suggest, or arguments that prove; to infer; to conclude.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Let me say no more!<BR> <i>Gather</i> the sequel by that went before.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>To gain; to win.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>He <i>gathers</i> ground upon her in the chase.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>To bring together, or nearer together, in masonry, as where the width of a fireplace is rapidly diminished to the width of the flue, or the like.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>8.</b></sn> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>To haul in; to take up; as, to <i>gather</i> the slack of a rope.</def></p>

<p><col><b>To be gathered</b></col> <col><b>to one's people, or to one's fathers</b></col> <cd>to die.</cd> <i>Gen. xxv. 8.</i> — <col><b>To gather breath</b></col>, <cd>to recover normal breathing after being out of breath; to get breath; to rest.</cd> <i>Spenser.</i> — <col><b>To gather one's self together</b></col>, <cd>to collect and dispose one's powers for a great effort, as a beast crouches preparatory to a leap.</cd> — <col><b>To gather way</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>to begin to move; to move with increasing speed.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Gath"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To come together; to collect; to unite; to become assembled; to congregate.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>When small humors <i>gather</i> to a gout.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Tears from the depth of some divine despair<BR> Rise in the heart, and <i>gather</i> to the eyes.</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To grow larger by accretion; to increase.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Their snowball did not <i>gather</i> as it went.</blockquote> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To concentrate; to come to a head, as a sore, and generate pus; as, a boil has <i>gathered</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To collect or bring things together.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Thou knewest that I reap where I sowed not, and <i>gather</i> where I have not strewed.</blockquote> <i>Matt. xxv. 26.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gath"er</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A plait or fold in cloth, made by drawing a thread through it; a pucker.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Carriage Making)</i> <def>The inclination forward of the axle journals to keep the wheels from working outward.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>The soffit or under surface of the masonry required in <i>gathering</i>. See <u>Gather</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>, 7.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gath"er*a*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Capable of being gathered or collected; deducible from premises.</def> [R.] <i>Godwin.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gath"er*er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who gathers or collects.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Sewing Machine)</i> <def>An attachment for making gathers in the cloth.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gath"er*ing</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of collecting or bringing together.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>That which is gathered, collected, or brought together</def>; as: <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A crowd; an assembly; a congregation.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A charitable contribution; a collection.</def> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <def>A tumor or boil suppurated or maturated; an abscess.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gath"er*ing</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Assembling; collecting; used for gathering or concentrating.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Gathering board</b></col> <i>(Bookbinding)</i>, <cd>a table or board on which signatures are gathered or assembled, to form a book.</cd> <i>Knight.</i> — <col><b>Gathering coal</b></col>, <cd>a lighted coal left smothered in embers over night, about which kindling wood is gathered in the morning.</cd> — <col><b>Gathering hoop</b></col>, <cd>a hoop used by coopers to draw together the ends of barrel staves, to allow the hoops to be slipped over them.</cd> — <col><b>Gathering peat</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>A piece of peat used as a gathering coal, to preserve a fire.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>In Scotland, a fiery peat which was sent round by the Borderers as an alarm signal, as the fiery cross was by the Highlanders.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Gat"ling gun`</hw> (&?;). [From the inventor, R.J. <i>Gatling</i>.] <def>An American machine gun, consisting of a cluster of barrels which, being revolved by a crank, are automatically loaded and fired.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The improved <i>Gatling gun</i> can be fired at the rate of 1,200 shots per minute. <i>Farrow.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gat"ten tree`</hw> (?). [Cf. Prov. E. <i>gatter bush</i>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A name given to the small trees called guelder- rose (<i>Viburnum Opulus</i>), cornel (<i>Cornus sanguinea</i>), and spindle tree (<i>Euonymus Europ&aelig;us</i>).</def></p>

<p><hw>Gat"-toothed`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [OE. <i>gat</i> goat + <i>tooth</i>. See <u>Goat</u> the animal.] <def>Goat-toothed; having a lickerish tooth; lustful; wanton.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>||Gauche</hw> (g&omacr;sh), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Left handed; hence, awkward; clumsy.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Geom.)</i> <def>Winding; twisted; warped; - - applied to curves and surfaces.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Gauche`rie"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F.] <def>An awkward action; clumsiness; boorishness.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Gau"cho</hw> (gou"ch&osl;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Gauchos</b></plw> (-ch&osl;z) [Sp.] <def>One of the native inhabitants of the pampas, of Spanish-American descent. They live mostly by rearing cattle.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gaud</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>gaude</i> jest, trick, <i>gaudi</i> bead of a rosary, fr. L. <i>gaudium</i> joy, gladness. See <u>Joy</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Trick; jest; sport.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Deceit; fraud; artifice; device.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>An ornament; a piece of worthless finery; a trinket.</def> "An idle <i>gaud</i>." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gaud</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [Cf. F. se <i>gaudir</i> to rejoice, fr. L. <i>gaudere</i>. See <u>Gaud</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <def>To sport or keep festival.</def> [Obs.] "<i>Gauding</i> with his familiars. " [Obs.] <i>Sir T. North.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gaud</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Gauded</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Gauding</u>.] <def>To bedeck gaudily; to decorate with gauds or showy trinkets or colors; to paint.</def> [Obs.] "Nicely <i>gauded</i> cheeks." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gaud"-day`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Gaudy</u>, a feast.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gaud"er*y</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Finery; ornaments; ostentatious display.</def> [R.] "Tarnished <i>gaudery</i>." <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gaud"ful</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Joyful; showy.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Gaud"i*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a gaudy manner.</def> <i>Guthrie.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gaud"i*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality of being gaudy.</def> <i>Whitlock.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gaud"ish</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Gaudy.</def> "<i>Gaudish</i> ceremonies." <i>Bale.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gaud"less</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Destitute of ornament.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Gaud"y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<pos><i>Compar.</i></pos> <u>Gaudier</u> (?); <pos><i>superl.</i></pos> <u>Gauidiest</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Ostentatiously fine; showy; gay, but tawdry or meretricious.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Costly thy habit as thy purse can buy,<BR> But not expressed in fancy; rich, not <i>gaudy</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Gay; merry; festal.</def> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Let's have one other <i>gaudy</i> night.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gaud"y</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Gaudies</b></plw> (#) [See <u>Gaud</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <def>One of the large beads in the rosary at which the paternoster is recited.</def> [Obs.] <i>Gower.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gaud"y</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A feast or festival; — called also <i>gaud-day</i> and <i>gaudy day</i>.</def> [Oxford Univ.] <i>Conybeare.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gaud"y*green`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a. or n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>gaude grene</i>.] <def>Light green.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer. Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gauf"fer</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [F. <i>gaufrer</i> to figure cloth, velvet, and other stuffs, fr. <i>gaufre</i> honeycomb, waffle; of German origin. See <u>Waffle</u>, <u>Wafer</u>, and cf. <u>Goffer</u>, <u>Gopher</u> an animal.] <def>To plait, crimp, or flute; to goffer, as lace. See <u>Goffer</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gauf"fer*ing</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A mode of plaiting or fluting.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Gauffering iron</b></col>, <cd>a kind of fluting iron for fabrics.</cd> — <col><b>Gauffering press</b></col> <i>(Flower Manuf.)</i>, <cd>a press for crimping the leaves and petals into shape.</cd></p>

<p><hw>||Gauf"fre</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Gopher</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A gopher, esp. the pocket gopher.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gauge</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Gauged</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Gauging</u> (?)] [OF. <i>gaugier</i>, F. <i>jauger</i>, cf. OF. <i>gauge</i> gauge, measuring rod, F. <i>jauge</i>; of uncertain origin; perh. fr. an assumed L. <i>qualificare</i> to determine the qualities of a thing (see <u>Qualify</u>); but cf. also F. <i>jalon</i> a measuring stake in surveying, and E. <i>gallon</i>.] [Written also <i>gage</i>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To measure or determine with a gauge.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To measure or to ascertain the contents or the capacity of, as of a pipe, barrel, or keg.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Mech.)</i> <def>To measure the dimensions of, or to test the accuracy of the form of, as of a part of a gunlock.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The vanes nicely <i>gauged</i> on each side.</blockquote> <i>Derham.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To draw into equidistant gathers by running a thread through it, as cloth or a garment.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>To measure the capacity, character, or ability of; to estimate; to judge of.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>You shall not <i>gauge</i> me<BR> By what we do to-night.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gauge</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Written also <i>gage</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A measure; a standard of measure; an instrument to determine dimensions, distance, or capacity; a standard.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>This plate must be a <i>gauge</i> to file your worm and groove to equal breadth by.</blockquote> <i>Moxon.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>There is not in our hands any fixed <i>gauge</i> of minds.</blockquote> <i>I. Taylor.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Measure; dimensions; estimate.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>gauge</i> and dimensions of misery, depression, and contempt.</blockquote> <i>Burke.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Mach. & Manuf.)</i> <def>Any instrument for ascertaining or regulating the dimensions or forms of things; a templet or template; as, a button maker's <i>gauge</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Physics)</i> <def>Any instrument or apparatus for measuring the state of a phenomenon, or for ascertaining its numerical elements at any moment; — usually applied to some particular instrument; as, a rain <i>gauge</i>; a steam <i>gauge</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <i>(Naut.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>Relative positions of two or more vessels with reference to the wind; as, a vessel has the weather <i>gauge</i> of another when on the windward side of it, and the lee <i>gauge</i> when on the lee side of it.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The depth to which a vessel sinks in the water.</def> <i>Totten.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>The distance between the rails of a railway.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The <i>standard gauge</i> of railroads in most countries is four feet, eight and one half inches. <i>Wide</i>, or <i>broad</i>, <i>gauge</i>, in the United States, is six feet; in England, seven feet, and generally any gauge exceeding standard gauge. Any gauge less than standard gauge is now called <i>narrow gauge</i>. It varies from two feet to three feet six inches.</p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <i>(Plastering)</i> <def>The quantity of plaster of Paris used with common plaster to accelerate its setting.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>8.</b></sn> <i>(Building)</i> <def>That part of a shingle, slate, or tile, which is exposed to the weather, when laid; also, one course of such shingles, slates, or tiles.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Gauge of a carriage</b></col>, <col><b>car</b></col>, <cd>etc., the distance between the wheels; — ordinarily called the <i>track</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Gauge cock</b></col>, <cd>a stop cock used as a try cock for ascertaining the height of the water level in a steam boiler.</cd> — <col><b>Gauge concussion</b></col> <i>(Railroads)</i>, <cd>the jar caused by a car-wheel flange striking the edge of the rail.</cd> — <col><b>Gauge glass</b></col>, <cd>a glass tube for a water gauge.</cd> — <col><b>Gauge lathe</b></col>, <cd>an automatic lathe for turning a round object having an irregular profile, as a baluster or chair round, to a templet or gauge.</cd> — <col><b>Gauge point</b></col>, <cd>the diameter of a cylinder whose altitude is one inch, and contents equal to that of a unit of a given measure; — a term used in gauging casks, etc.</cd> — <col><b>Gauge rod</b></col>, <cd>a graduated rod, for measuring the capacity of barrels, casks, etc.</cd> — <col><b>Gauge saw</b></col>, <cd>a handsaw, with a gauge to regulate the depth of cut.</cd> <i>Knight.</i> — <col><b>Gauge stuff</b></col>, <cd>a stiff and compact plaster, used in making cornices, moldings, etc., by means of a templet.</cd> — <col><b>Gauge wheel</b></col>, <cd>a wheel at the forward end of a plow beam, to determine the depth of the furrow.</cd> — <col><b>Joiner's gauge</b></col>, <cd>an instrument used to strike a line parallel to the straight side of a board, etc.</cd> — <col><b>Printer's gauge</b></col>, <cd>an instrument to regulate the length of the page.</cd> — <col><b>Rain gauge</b></col>, <cd>an instrument for measuring the quantity of rain at any given place.</cd> — <col><b>Salt gauge</b></col>, or <col><b>Brine gauge</b></col>, <cd>an instrument or contrivance for indicating the degree of saltness of water from its specific gravity, as in the boilers of ocean steamers.</cd> — <col><b>Sea gauge</b></col>, <cd>an instrument for finding the depth of the sea.</cd> — <col><b>Siphon gauge</b></col>, <cd>a glass siphon tube, partly filled with mercury, — used to indicate pressure, as of steam, or the degree of rarefaction produced in the receiver of an air pump or other vacuum; a manometer.</cd> — <col><b>Sliding gauge</b></col>. <i>(Mach.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>A templet or pattern for gauging the commonly accepted dimensions or shape of certain parts in general use, as screws, railway-car axles, etc.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>A gauge used only for testing other similar gauges, and preserved as a reference, to detect wear of the working gauges.</cd> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <i>(Railroads)</i> <cd>See Note under <u>Gauge</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, 5.</cd> — <col><b>Star gauge</b></col> <i>(Ordnance)</i>, <cd>an instrument for measuring the diameter of the bore of a cannon at any point of its length.</cd> — <col><b>Steam gauge</b></col>, <cd>an instrument for measuring the pressure of steam, as in a boiler.</cd> — <col><b>Tide gauge</b></col>, <cd>an instrument for determining the height of the tides.</cd> — <col><b>Vacuum gauge</b></col>, <cd>a species of barometer for determining the relative elasticities of the vapor in the condenser of a steam engine and the air.</cd> — <col><b>Water gauge</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>A contrivance for indicating the height of a water surface, as in a steam boiler; as by a gauge cock or glass.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>The height of the water in the boiler.</cd> — <col><b>Wind gauge</b></col>, <cd>an instrument for measuring the force of the wind on any given surface; an anemometer.</cd> — <col><b>Wire gauge</b></col>, <cd>a gauge for determining the diameter of wire or the thickness of sheet metal; also, a standard of size. See under <u>Wire</u>.</cd></p>

<p><! p. 616 !></p>

<p><hw>Gauge"a*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Capable of being gauged.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gauged</hw> (?), <pos><i>p. a.</i></pos> <def>Tested or measured by, or conformed to, a gauge.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Gauged brick</b></col>, <cd>brick molded, rubbed, or cut to an exact size and shape, for arches or ornamental work.</cd> — <col><b>Gauged mortar</b></col>. <cd>See <i>Gauge stuff</i>, under <u>Gauge</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></cd></p>

<p><hw>Gau"ger</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who gauges; an officer whose business it is to ascertain the contents of casks.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gau"ger-ship</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The office of a gauger.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gau"ging rod`</hw>. <def>See <u>Gauge rod</u>, under <u>Gauge</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></def></p>

<p><hw>Gaul</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>Gaule</i>, fr. L. <i>Gallia</i>, fr. <i>Gallus</i> a Gaul.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The Anglicized form of <i>Gallia</i>, which in the time of the Romans included France and Upper Italy (Transalpine and Cisalpine Gaul).</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A native or inhabitant of Gaul.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gaul"ish</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pertaining to ancient France, or Gaul; Gallic.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Gault</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. Norw. <i>gald</i> hard ground, Icel. <i>gald</i> hard snow.] <i>(Geol.)</i> <def>A series of beds of clay and marl in the South of England, between the upper and lower greensand of the Cretaceous period.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Gaul*the"ri*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A genus of ericaceous shrubs with evergreen foliage, and, often, edible berries. It includes the American winter- green (<i>Gaultheria procumbens</i>), and the larger-fruited salal of Northwestern America (<i>Gaultheria Shallon</i>).</def></p>

<p><hw>Gaunt</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. Norw. <i>gand</i> a thin pointed stick, a tall and thin man, and W. <i>gwan</i> weak.] <def>Attenuated, as with fasting or suffering; lean; meager; pinched and grim.</def> "The <i>gaunt</i> mastiff." <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>A mysterious but visible pestilence, striding <i>gaunt</i> and fleshless across our land.</blockquote> <i>Nichols.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gaunt"let</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Mil.)</i> <def>See <u>Gantlet</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gaunt"let</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>gantelet</i>, dim. of <i>gant</i> glove, LL. <i>wantus</i>, of Teutonic origin; cf. D. <i>want</i>, Sw. & Dan. <i>vante</i>, Icel. <i>v&ouml;ttr</i>, for <i>vantr</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A glove of such material that it defends the hand from wounds.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The gauntlet of the Middle Ages was sometimes of chain mail, sometimes of leather partly covered with plates, scales, etc., of metal sewed to it, and, in the 14th century, became a glove of small steel plates, carefully articulated and covering the whole hand except the palm and the inside of the fingers.</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A long glove, covering the wrist.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>A rope on which hammocks or clothes are hung for drying.</def></p>

<p><col><b>To take up the gauntlet</b></col>, <cd>to accept a challenge.</cd> — <col><b>To throw down the gauntlet</b></col>, <cd>to offer or send a challenge. The gauntlet or glove was thrown down by the knight challenging, and was taken up by the one who accepted the challenge; — hence the phrases.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Gaunt"lett*ed</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Wearing a gauntlet.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gaunt"ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a gaunt manner; meagerly.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Gaun"tree</hw> (?), <hw>Gaun"try</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>chantier</i>, LL. <i>cantarium</i>, fr. L. <i>canterius</i> trellis, sort of frame.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A frame for supporting barrels in a cellar or elsewhere.</def> <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Engin.)</i> <def>A scaffolding or frame carrying a crane or other structure.</def> <i>Knight.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Gaur</hw> (g&add;r <i>or</i> gour), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Native name.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>An East Indian species of wild cattle (<i>Bibos gauris</i>), of large size and an untamable disposition.</def> [Spelt also <i>gour</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Gaure</hw> (g&add;r), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To gaze; to stare.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gauze</hw> (g&add;z), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>gaze</i>; so called because it was first introduced from Gaza, a city of Palestine.] <def>A very thin, slight, transparent stuff, generally of silk; also, any fabric resembling silk gauze; as, wire <i>gauze</i>; cotton <i>gauze</i>.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Gauze dresser</b></col>, <cd>one employed in stiffening gauze.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Gauze</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having the qualities of gauze; thin; light; as, <i>gauze</i> merino underclothing.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gauz"i*ness</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality of being gauzy; flimsiness.</def> <i>Ruskin.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gauz"y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pertaining to, or resembling, gauze; thin and slight as gauze.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gave</hw> (g&amacr;v), <def><pos><i>imp.</i></pos> of <u>Give</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gav"el</hw> (g&abreve;v"&ebreve;l), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A gable.</def> [Prov. Eng.] <i>Halliwell.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gav"el</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>gavelle</i>, F. <i>javelle</i>, prob. dim. from L. <i>capulus</i> handle, fr. <i>capere</i> to lay hold of, seize; or cf. W. <i>gafael</i> hold, grasp. Cf. <u>Heave</u>.] <def>A small heap of grain, not tied up into a bundle.</def> <i>Wright.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gav"el</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Etymol. uncertain.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The mallet of the presiding officer in a legislative body, public assembly, court, masonic body, etc.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A mason's setting maul.</def> <i>Knight.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gav"el</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>gavel</i>, AS. <i>gafol</i>, prob. fr. <i>gifan</i> to give. See <u>Give</u>, and cf. <u>Gabel</u> tribute.] <i>(Law)</i> <def>Tribute; toll; custom. [Obs.] See <u>Gabel</u>.</def> <i>Cowell.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gav"el*et</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From <u>Gavel</u> tribute.] <i>(O. Eng. Law)</i> <def>An ancient special kind of <i>cessavit</i> used in Kent and London for the recovery of rent.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Gav"el*kind`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>gavelkynde</i>, <i>gavelkende</i>. See <u>Gavel</u> tribute, and <u>Kind</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <i>(O. Eng. Law)</i> <def>A tenure by which land descended from the father to all his sons in equal portions, and the land of a brother, dying without issue, descended equally to his brothers. It still prevails in the county of Kent.</def> <i>Cowell.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gav"e*loche</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Gavelock</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gav"e*lock</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>gaveloc</i> a dart, AS. <i>gafeluc</i>; cf. Icel. <i>gaflok</i>, MHG. <i>gabil&?;t</i>, OF. <i>gavelot</i>, <i>glavelot</i>, F. <i>javelot</i>, Ir. <i>gabhla</i> spear, W. <i>gaflach</i> fork, dart, E. <i>glave</i>, <i>gaff</i>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A spear or dart.</def> [R. & Obs.]</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>An iron crow or lever.</def> [Scot. & North of Eng.]</p>

<p><hw>Ga"ver*ick</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The European red gurnard (<i>Trigla cuculus</i>).</def> [Prov. Eng.]</p>

<p><hw>||Ga"vi&aelig;</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr. L. <i>gavia</i> a sea mew.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The division of birds which includes the gulls and terns.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ga"vi*al</hw> (g&amacr;"v&ibreve;*<i>a</i>l), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Hind. <i>gha&rsdot;iy&amacr;l</i>: cf. F. <i>gavial</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A large Asiatic crocodilian (<i>Gavialis Gangeticus</i>); — called also <i>nako</i>, and <i>Gangetic crocodile</i>.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The <i>gavial</i> has a long, slender muzzle, teeth of nearly uniform size, and feet completely webbed. It inhabits the Ganges and other rivers of India. The name is also applied to several allied fossil species.</p>

<p><hw>Gav"ot</hw> (? or ?; 277), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>gavotte</i>, fr. <i>Gavots</i>, a people inhabiting a mountainous district in France, called <i>Gap</i>.] <i>(Mus.)</i> <def>A kind of difficult dance; a dance tune, the air of which has two brisk and lively, yet dignified, strains in common time, each played twice over.</def> [Written also <i>gavotte</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Gaw"by</hw> (g&add;"b&ybreve;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A baby; a dunce.</def> [Prov. Eng.]</p>

<p><hw>Gawk</hw> (g&add;k), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>gok</i>, <i>gowk</i>, cuckoo, fool, Icel. <i>gaukr</i> cuckoo; akin to OHG. <i>gouh</i>, G. <i>gauch</i> cuckoo, fool, AS. <i>g&eacute;ac</i> cuckoo, Sw. <i>g&ouml;k</i>, Dan. <i>gi&ouml;g</i>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A cuckoo.</def> <i>Johnson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A simpleton; a booby; a gawky.</def> <i>Carlyle.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gawk</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To act like a gawky.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gawk"y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<pos><i>Compar.</i></pos> <u>Gawkier</u> (?); <pos><i>superl.</i></pos> <u>Gawkiest</u>.] <def>Foolish and awkward; clumsy; clownish; as, <i>gawky</i> behavior. — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> A fellow who is awkward from being overgrown, or from stupidity, a gawk.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gawn</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Corrupted fr. <i>gallon</i>.] <def>A small tub or lading vessel.</def> [Prov. Eng.] <i>Johnson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gawn"tree</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Gauntree</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gay</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<pos><i>Compar.</i></pos> <u>Gayer</u> (?); <pos><i>superl.</i></pos> <u>Gayest</u>.] [F. <i>gai</i>, perhaps fr. OHG. <i>g&?;hi</i> swift, rapid, G. <i>g&auml;h</i>, <i>j&auml;h</i>, steep, hasty; or cf. OHG. <i>w&?;hi</i> beatiful, good. Cf. <u>Jay</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Excited with merriment; manifesting sportiveness or delight; inspiring delight; livery; merry.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Belinda smiled, and all the world was <i>gay</i>.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Gay</i> hope is theirs by fancy fed.</blockquote> <i>Gray.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Brilliant in colors; splendid; fine; richly dressed.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Why is my neighbor's wife so <i>gay</i>?</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>A bevy of fair women, richly <i>gay</i><BR> In gems and wanton dress!</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Loose; dissipated; lewd.</def> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Merry; gleeful; blithe; airy; lively; sprightly, sportive; light-hearted; frolicsome; jolly; jovial; joyous; joyful; glad; showy; splendid; vivacious.</p>

<p><hw>Gay</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>An ornament</def> [Obs.] <i>L'Estrange.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gay"al</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Native name.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A Southern Asiatic species of wild cattle (<i>Bibos frontalis</i>).</def></p>

<p><hw>||Gay"di*ang</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>A vessel of Anam, with two or three masts, lofty triangular sails, and in construction somewhat resembling a Chinese junk.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gay"e*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Gayeties</b></plw> (&?;). [Written also <i>gaiety</i>.] [F. <i>gaiet&eacute;</i>. See <u>Gay</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The state of being gay; merriment; mirth; acts or entertainments prompted by, or inspiring, merry delight; — used often in the plural; as, the <i>gayeties</i> of the season.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Finery; show; as, the <i>gayety</i> of dress.</def></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Liveliness; mirth; animation; vivacity; glee; blithesomeness; sprightliness; jollity. See <u>Liveliness</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Gay"lus*site`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Named after <i>Gay-Lussac</i>, the French chemist.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>A yellowish white, translucent mineral, consisting of the carbonates of lime and soda, with water.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gay"ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>With mirth and frolic; merrily; blithely; gleefully.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Finely; splendidly; showily; as, ladies <i>gayly</i> dressed; a flower <i>gayly</i> blooming.</def> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gayne</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [See <u>Gain</u>.] <def>To avail.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Gay"ness</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Gayety; finery.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Gay"some</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Full of gayety.</def> <i>Mir. for Mag.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gay"tre</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Gaitre</u>.] <def>The dogwood tree.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gaze</hw> (g&amacr;z), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Gazed</u> (g&amacr;zd); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Gazing</u>.] [OE. <i>gasen</i>, akin to dial. Sw. <i>gasa</i>, cf. Goth. us-<i>gaisjan</i> to terrify, us- <i>geisnan</i> to be terrified. Cf. <u>Aghast</u>, <u>Ghastly</u>, <u>Ghost</u>, <u>Hesitate</u>.] <def>To fix the eyes in a steady and earnest look; to look with eagerness or curiosity, as in admiration, astonishment, or with studious attention.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Why stand ye <i>gazing</i> up into heaven?</blockquote> <i>Acts i. 11.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — To gape; stare; look. — To <u>Gaze</u>, <u>Gape</u>, <u>Stare</u>. To <i>gaze</i> is to look with fixed and prolonged attention, awakened by excited interest or elevated emotion; to <i>gape</i> is to look fixedly, with open mouth and feelings of ignorant wonder; to <i>stare</i> is to look with the fixedness of insolence or of idiocy. The lover of nature <i>gazes</i> with delight on the beauties of the landscape; the rustic <i>gapes</i> with wonder at the strange sights of a large city; the idiot <i>stares</i> on those around with a vacant look.</p>

<p><hw>Gaze</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To view with attention; to gaze on.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>And <i>gazed</i> a while the ample sky.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gaze</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A fixed look; a look of eagerness, wonder, or admiration; a continued look of attention.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>With secret <i>gaze</i><BR> Or open admiration him behold.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The object gazed on.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Made of my enemies the scorn and <i>gaze</i>.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><col><b>At gaze</b></col> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <i>(Her.)</i> <cd>With the face turned directly to the front; — said of the figures of the stag, hart, buck, or hind, when borne, in this position, upon an escutcheon.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>In a position expressing sudden fear or surprise; — a term used in stag hunting to describe the manner of a stag when he first hears the hounds and gazes round in apprehension of some hidden danger; hence, standing agape; idly or stupidly gazing.</cd></p>

<p><blockquote>I that rather held it better men should perish one by
one,<BR>
Than that earth should stand at <i>gaze</i> like Joshua's moon in
Ajalon!</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ga*zee"bo</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Humorously formed from <i>gaze</i>.] <def>A summerhouse so situated as to command an extensive prospect.</def> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><hw>Gaze"ful</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Gazing.</def> [R.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gaze"hound`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A hound that pursues by the sight rather than by the scent.</def> <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ga"zel</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The black currant; also, the wild plum.</def> [Prov. Eng.]</p>

<p><hw>Ga*zel"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>See <u>Gazelle</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ga*zelle"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>gazelle</i>, OF. also, <i>gazel</i>; cf. Sp. <i>gacela</i>, Pr. <i>gazella</i>, It. <i>gazella</i>; all fr. Ar. <i>ghaz&?;l</i> a wild goat.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of several small, swift, elegantly formed species of antelope, of the genus <i>Gazella</i>, esp. <i>G. dorcas</i>; — called also <i>algazel</i>, <i>corinne</i>, <i>korin</i>, and <i>kevel</i>. The gazelles are celebrated for the luster and soft expression of their eyes.</def> [Written also <i>gazel</i>.]</p>

<p> &fist; The common species of Northern Africa (<i>Gazella dorcas</i>); the Arabian gazelle, or ariel (<i>G. Arabica</i>); the mohr of West Africa (<i>G. mohr</i>); the Indian (<i>G. Bennetti</i>); the <i>ahu</i> or Persian (<i>G. subgutturosa</i>); and the springbok or tsebe (<i>G. euchore</i>) of South Africa, are the best known.</p>

<p><hw>Gaze"ment</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>View.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gaz"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who gazes.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ga*zet</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [It. <i>gazeta</i>, <i>gazzetta</i>, prob. dim. of L. <i>gaza</i> royal treasure.] <def>A Venetian coin, worth about three English farthings, or one and a half cents.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Ga*zette"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>gazette</i>, It. <i>gazzetta</i>, perh. from <i>gazetta</i> a Venetian coin (see <u>Gazet</u>), said to have been the price of the first newspaper published at Venice; or perh. dim. of <i>gazza</i> magpie, a name perh. applied to the first newspaper; cf. OHG. <i>agalstra</i> magpie, G. <i>elster</i>.] <def>A newspaper; a printed sheet published periodically; esp., the official journal published by the British government, and containing legal and state notices.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ga*zette"</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Gazetted</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Gazetting</u>.] <def>To announce or publish in a gazette; to announce officially, as an appointment, or a case of bankruptcy.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gaz`et*teer"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>gazetier</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A writer of news, or an officer appointed to publish news by authority.</def> <i>Johnson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A newspaper; a gazette.</def> [Obs.] <i>Burke.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A geographical dictionary; a book giving the names and descriptions, etc., of many places.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>An alphabetical descriptive list of anything.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gaz"ing*stock`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A person or thing gazed at with scorn or abhorrence; an object of curiosity or contempt.</def> <i>Bp. Hall.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gaz"o*gene</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>gazog&egrave;ne</i>; <i>gaz</i> gas + <i>-g&egrave;ne</i>, E. <i>- gen</i>.] <def>A portable apparatus for making soda water or a&euml;rated liquids on a small scale.</def> <i>Knight.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ga*zon"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>gazon</i> turf, fr. OHG. <i>waso</i>, G. <i>wasen</i>.] <i>(Fort.)</i> <def>One of the pieces of sod used to line or cover parapets and the faces of earthworks.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ge-</hw> (?). <def>An Anglo-Saxon prefix. See <u>Y- </u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Geal</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [F. <i>geler</i>, fr. L. <i>gelare</i>, fr. <i>gelu</i>. See <u>Gelid</u>.] <def>To congeal.</def> [Obs. or Scot.]</p>

<p><hw>Gean</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>guigne</i> the fruit of the gean; cf. OHG. <i>w&imacr;hsila</i>, G. <i>weichsel</i>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A species of cherry tree common in Europe (<i>Prunus avium</i>); also, the fruit, which is usually small and dark in color.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ge`an*ti*cli"nal</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; the earth + E. <i>anticlinal</i>.] <i>(Geol.)</i> <def>An upward bend or flexure of a considerable portion of the earth's crust, resulting in the formation of a class of mountain elevations called <i>anticlinoria</i>; — opposed to <i>geosynclinal</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gear</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>gere</i>, <i>ger</i>, AS. <i>gearwe</i> clothing, adornment, armor, fr. <i>gearo</i>, <i>gearu</i>, ready, yare; akin to OHG. <i>garaw&imacr;</i>, <i>garw&imacr;</i> ornament, dress. See <u>Yare</u>, and cf. <u>Garb</u> dress.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Clothing; garments; ornaments.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Array thyself in thy most gorgeous <i>gear</i>.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Goods; property; household stuff.</def> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Homely <i>gear</i> and common ware.</blockquote> <i>Robynson (More's Utopia).</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Whatever is prepared for use or wear; manufactured stuff or material.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Clad in a vesture of unknown <i>gear</i>.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>The harness of horses or cattle; trapping.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>Warlike accouterments.</def> [Scot.] <i>Jamieson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>Manner; custom; behavior.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <def>Business matters; affairs; concern.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Thus go they both together to their <i>gear</i>.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>8.</b></sn> <i>(Mech.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A toothed wheel, or cogwheel; as, a spur <i>gear</i>, or a bevel <i>gear</i>; also, toothed wheels, collectively.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>An apparatus for performing a special function; gearing; as, the feed <i>gear</i> of a lathe.</def> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <def>Engagement of parts with each other; as, in <i>gear</i>; out of <i>gear</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>9.</b></sn> <i>pl.</i> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>See 1st <u>Jeer</u> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>10.</b></sn> <def>Anything worthless; stuff; nonsense; rubbish.</def> [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] <i>Wright.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>That servant of his that confessed and uttered this <i>gear</i> was an honest man.</blockquote> <i>Latimer.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Bever gear</b></col>. <cd>See <u>Bevel gear</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Core gear</b></col>, <cd>a mortise gear, or its skeleton. See <i>Mortise wheel</i>, under <u>Mortise</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Expansion gear</b></col> <i>(Steam Engine)</i>, <cd>the arrangement of parts for cutting off steam at a certain part of the stroke, so as to leave it to act upon the piston expansively; the cut-off. See under <u>Expansion</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Feed gear</b></col>. <cd>See <i>Feed motion</i>, under <u>Feed</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></cd> — <col><b>Gear cutter</b></col>, <cd>a machine or tool for forming the teeth of gear wheels by cutting.</cd> — <col><b>Gear wheel</b></col>, <cd>any cogwheel.</cd> — <col><b>Running gear</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Running</u>.</cd> — <col><b>To throw</b></col> <col><b>in, or out of</b></col>, <col><b>gear</b></col> <i>(Mach.)</i>, <cd>to connect or disconnect (wheelwork or couplings, etc.); to put in, or out of, working relation.</cd></p>

<p><! p. 617 !></p>

<p><hw>Gear</hw> (?) <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Geared</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Gearing</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To dress; to put gear on; to harness.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Mach.)</i> <def>To provide with gearing.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Double geared</b></col>, <cd>driven through twofold compound gearing, to increase the force or speed; — said of a machine.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Gear</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <i>(Mach.)</i> <def>To be in, or come into, gear.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gear"ing</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Harness.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Mach.)</i> <def>The parts by which motion imparted to one portion of an engine or machine is transmitted to another, considered collectively; as, the valve <i>gearing</i> of locomotive engine; belt <i>gearing</i>; esp., a train of wheels for transmitting and varying motion in machinery.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Frictional gearing</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Frictional</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Gearing chain</b></col>, <cd>an endless chain transmitted motion from one sprocket wheel to another. See <i>Illust.</i> of <u>Chain wheel</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Spur gearing</b></col>, <cd>gearing in which the teeth or cogs are ranged round either the concave or the convex surface (properly the latter) of a cylindrical wheel; — for transmitting motion between parallel shafts, etc.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Gea"son</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [OE. <i>gesen</i>, <i>geson</i>, rare, scanty, AS. <i>g&?;sne</i> barren, wanting. Cf. <u>Geest</u>.] <def>Rare; wonderful.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Geat</hw> (g&emacr;t), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Gate</u> a door.] <i>(Founding)</i> <def>The channel or spout through which molten metal runs into a mold in casting.</def> [Written also <i>git</i>, <i>gate</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Ge`car*cin"i*an</hw> (j&emacr;`k&auml;r*s&ibreve;n"&ibreve;*<i>a</i>n), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>gh^</grk> earth + <grk>karki`nos</grk> crab.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A land crab of the genus <i>Gecarcinus</i>, or of allied genera.</def></p>

<p><hw>Geck</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [D. <i>gek</i> fool, fop; akin to G. <i>geck</i>; cf. Icel. <i>gikkr</i> a pert, rude person.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Scorn, derision, or contempt.</def> [Prov. Eng.]</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>An object of scorn; a dupe; a gull.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>To become the <i>geck</i> and scorn<BR> O'the other's villainy.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Geck</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [Cf. OD. <i>ghecken</i>, G. <i>gecken</i>. See <u>Geck</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To deride; to scorn; to mock.</def> [Prov. Eng.]</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To cheat; trick, or gull.</def> [Obs.] <i>Johnson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Geck</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To jeer; to show contempt.</def> <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><hw>Geck"o</hw> (g&ebreve;k"&osl;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Geckoes</b></plw> (-&omacr;z). [Cf. F. & G. <i>gecko</i>; — so called from the sound which the animal utters.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any lizard of the family <i>Geckonid&aelig;</i>. The geckoes are small, carnivorous, mostly nocturnal animals with large eyes and vertical, elliptical pupils. Their toes are generally expanded, and furnished with adhesive disks, by which they can run over walls and ceilings. They are numerous in warm countries, and a few species are found in Europe and the United States. See <u>Wall gecko</u>, <u>Fanfoot</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Geck*o"tian</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A gecko.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ged</hw>, <hw>Gedd</hw> (&?;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The European pike.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gee</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Geed</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Geeing</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To agree; to harmonize.</def> [Colloq. or Prov. Eng.] <i>Forby.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> [Cf. G. <i>j&uuml;</i>, interj., used in calling to a horse, It. gi&ograve;, F. <i>dia</i>, used to turn a horse to the left.] <def>To turn to the off side, or from the driver (<i>i.e.</i>, in the United States, to the right side); — said of cattle, or a team; used most frequently in the imperative, often with <i>off</i>, by drivers of oxen, in directing their teams, and opposed to <i>haw</i>, or <i>hoi</i>.</def> [Written also <i>jee</i>.]</p>

<p>&fist; In England, the teamster walks on the right-hand side of the cattle; in the United States, on the left-hand side. In all cases, however, <i>gee</i> means to turn <i>from</i> the driver, and <i>haw</i> to turn <i>toward</i> him.</p>

<p><col><b>Gee ho</b></col>, or <col><b>Gee whoa</b></col>. <cd>Same as <u>Gee</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Gee</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [See <u>Gee</u> to turn.] <def>To cause (a team) to turn to the off side, or from the driver.</def> [Written also <i>jee</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Geer</hw> (?), <hw>Geer"ing</hw>. [Obs.] <def>See <u>Gear</u>, <u>Gearing</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Geese</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, <def><pos><i>pl.</i></pos> of <u>Goose</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Geest</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. LG. <i>geest</i>, <i>geest</i>land, sandy, dry and, OFries. <i>g&emacr;st</i>, <i>g&amacr;st</i>, <i>g&emacr;st</i>lond, <i>g&amacr;st</i>lond, fr. Fries. <i>g&amacr;st</i> barren. Cf. <u>Geason</u>.] <def>Alluvial matter on the surface of land, not of recent origin.</def> <i>R. Jameson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Geet</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Jet</u>.] <def>Jet.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Geez</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The original native name for the ancient Ethiopic language or people. See <u>Ethiopic</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ge*hen"na</hw> (g&esl;*h&ebreve;n"n&adot;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>Gehenna</i>, Gr. <grk>Ge`enna</grk>, Heb. <i>G&emacr; Hinn&omacr;m</i>.] <i>(Jewish Hist.)</i> <def>The valley of Hinnom, near Jerusalem, where some of the Israelites sacrificed their children to Moloch, which, on this account, was afterward regarded as a place of abomination, and made a receptacle for all the refuse of the city, perpetual fires being kept up in order to prevent pestilential effluvia. In the New Testament the name is transferred, by an easy metaphor, to <i>Hell</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The pleasant valley of Hinnom. Tophet thence<BR> And black <i>Gehenna</i> called, the type of Hell.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ge"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; earth.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, earthy or vegetable mold.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Geic acid</b></col>. <i>(Chem.)</i> <cd>See <u>Humin</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Ge"in</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; earth.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>See <u>Humin</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Geis"sler tube`</hw> (?). <i>(Elec.)</i> <def>A glass tube provided with platinum electrodes, and containing some gas under very low tension, which becomes luminous when an electrical discharge is passed through it; — so called from the name of a noted maker in germany. It is called also <i>Pl&uuml;cker tube</i>, from the German physicist who devised it.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gei"to*nog"a*my</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; neighbor + &?; marriage.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Fertilization of flowers by pollen from other flowers on the same plant.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gel"a*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>gelare</i> to congeal: cf. F. <i>gelable</i>. See <u>Geal</u>.] <def>Capable of being congealed; capable of being converted into jelly.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Gel"a*da</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A baboon (<i>Gelada Ruppelli</i>) of Abyssinia, remarkable for the length of the hair on the neck and shoulders of the adult male.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ge*las"tic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; inclined to laugh, from &?; to laugh.] <def>Pertaining to laughter; used in laughing.</def> "<i>Gelastic</i> muscles." <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ge*lat"i*fi*ca"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Gelatin</i> + L. <i>-ficare</i>. (in comp.) to make. See <u>- fy</u>.] <i>(Physiol. Chem.)</i> <def>The formation of gelatin.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gel`a*tig"e*nous</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Gelatin</i> + <i>-genous</i>.] <i>(Physiol. Chem.)</i> <def>Producing, or yielding, gelatin; gelatiniferous; as, the <i>gelatigeneous</i> tissues.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gel"a*tin</hw>, <hw>Gel"a*tine</hw> (&?;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>g&eacute;latine</i>, fr. L. <i>gelare</i> to congeal. See <u>Geal</u>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Animal jelly; glutinous material obtained from animal tissues by prolonged boiling. Specifically <i>(Physiol. Chem.)</i>, a nitrogeneous colloid, not existing as such in the animal body, but formed by the hydrating action of boiling water on the collagen of various kinds of connective tissue (as tendons, bones, ligaments, etc.). Its distinguishing character is that of dissolving in hot water, and forming a jelly on cooling. It is an important ingredient of calf's- foot jelly, isinglass, glue, etc. It is used as food, but its nutritious qualities are of a low order.</def></p>

<p>&fist; Both spellings, gela<i>tin</i> and gela<i>tine</i>, are in good use, but the tendency of writers on physiological chemistry favors the form in -<i>in</i>, as in the United States Dispensatory, the United States Pharmacop&oelig;ia, Fownes' Watts' Chemistry, Brande & Cox's Dictionary.</p>

<p><col><b>Blasting gelatin</b></col>, <cd>an explosive, containing about ninety-five parts of nitroglycerin and five of collodion.</cd> — <col><b>Gelatin process</b></col>, <cd>a name applied to a number of processes in the arts, involving the use of gelatin.</cd> Especially: <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <i>(Photog.)</i> <cd>A dry-plate process in which gelatin is used as a substitute for collodion as the sensitized material. This is the dry-plate process in general use, and plates of extreme sensitiveness are produced by it.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <i>(Print.)</i> <cd>A method of producing photographic copies of drawings, engravings, printed pages, etc., and also of photographic pictures, which can be printed from in a press with ink, or (in some applications of the process) which can be used as the molds of stereotype or electrotype plates.</cd> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <i>(Print. or Copying)</i> <cd>A method of producing facsimile copies of an original, written or drawn in aniline ink upon paper, thence transferred to a cake of gelatin softened with glycerin, from which impressions are taken upon ordinary paper.</cd> — <col><b>Vegetable gelatin</b></col>. <cd>See <u>Gliadin</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Ge*lat"i*nate</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Gelatinated</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Gelatinating</u>.] <def>To convert into gelatin, or into a substance resembling jelly.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ge*lat"i*nate</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To be converted into gelatin, or into a substance like jelly.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Lapis lazuli, if calcined, does not effervesce, but <i>gelatinates</i> with the mineral acids.</blockquote> <i>Kirwan.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ge*lat`i*na"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The act of process of converting into gelatin, or a substance like jelly.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gel"a*tine</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Gelatin</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gel`a*tin*if"er*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Gelatin</i> + <i>-ferous</i>.] <i>(Physiol. Chem.)</i> <def>Yielding gelatin on boiling with water; capable of gelatination.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gel`a*tin"i*form</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having the form of gelatin.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ge*lat`i*ni*za"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Gelatination</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ge*lat"i*nize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To convert into gelatin or jelly. Same as <u>Gelatinate</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos></def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Photog.)</i> <def>To coat, or otherwise treat, with gelatin.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ge*lat"i*nize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Gelatinate</u>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos></def></p>

<p><hw>Ge*lat"i*nous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>g&eacute;latineux</i>.] <def>Of the nature and consistence of gelatin or the jelly; resembling jelly; viscous.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ge*la"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>gelatio</i> a freezing, fr. <i>gelare</i> to freeze.] <i>(Astron.)</i> <def>The process of becoming solid by cooling; a cooling and solidifying.</def></p>

<p><hw>Geld</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>gild</i>, <i>gield</i>, <i>geld</i>, tribute, payment, fr. <i>gieldan</i> to pay, render. See <u>Yield</u>.] <def>Money; tribute; compensation; ransom.</def>[Obs.]</p>

<p>&fist; This word occurs in old law books in composition, as in dane<i>geld</i>, or dane<i>gelt</i>, a tax imposed by the Danes; were<i>geld</i>, compensation for the life of a man, etc.</p>

<p><hw>Geld</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Gelded</u> or Gelt (&?;); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Gelding</u>.] [Icel. <i>gelda</i> to castrate; akin to Dan. <i>gilde</i>, Sw. <i>g&auml;lla</i>, and cf. AS. <i>gilte</i> a young sow, OHG. <i>galt</i> dry, not giving milk, G. <i>gelt</i>, Goth. <i>gilpa</i> siclke.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To castrate; to emasculate.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To deprive of anything essential.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Bereft and <i>gelded</i> of his patrimony.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To deprive of anything exceptionable; as, to <i>geld</i> a book, or a story; to expurgate.</def> [Obs.] <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Geld"a*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Capable of being gelded.</def></p>

<p><hw>Geld"a*ble</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [From <u>Geld</u> money.] <def>Liable to taxation.</def> [Obs.] <i>Burrill.</i></p>

<p><hw>Geld"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who gelds or castrates.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gel"der-rose</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Guelder-rose</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Geld"ing</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Icel. <i>gelding</i> a gelding, akin to <i>geldingr</i> wether, eunuch, Sw. <i>g&auml;lling</i> gelding, Dan. <i>gilding</i> eunuch. See <u>Geld</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>] <def>A castrated animal; — usually applied to a horse, but formerly used also of the human male.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>They went down both into the water, Philip and the <i>gelding</i>, and Philip baptized him.</blockquote> <i>Wyclif (Acts viii. 38).</i></p>

<p><hw>Geld"ing</hw>, <pos><i>p. pr., a., & vb. n.</i></pos> <def>from <u>Geld</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos></def></p>

<p><hw>Gel"id</hw> (j&ebreve;l"&ibreve;d), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>gelidus</i>, fr. <i>gelu</i> frost, cold. See <u>Cold</u>, and cf. <u>Congeal</u>, <u>Gelatin</u>, <u>Jelly</u>.] <def>Cold; very cold; frozen.</def> "<i>Gelid</i> founts." <i>Thompson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ge*lid"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The state of being gelid.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gel"id*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a gelid manner; coldly.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gel"id*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The state of being gelid; gelidity.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gel"ly</hw> (j&ebreve;l"l&ybreve;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Jelly.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ge*los"copy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; to laugh + <i>-scopy</i>.] <def>Divination by means of laughter.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ge*lose"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Gelatin</u>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>An amorphous, gummy carbohydrate, found in <i>Gelidium</i>, agar-agar, and other seaweeds.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gel*se"mic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Gelseminic.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gel"se*mine</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>An alkaloid obtained from the yellow jasmine (<i>Gelsemium sempervirens</i>), as a bitter white semicrystalline substance; — called also <i>gelsemia</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gel`se*min"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, the yellow jasmine (<i>Gelsemium sempervirens</i>); as, <i>gelseminic</i> acid, a white crystalline substance resembling esculin.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Gel*se"mium</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. It. <i>gelsomino</i> jasmine.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A genus of climbing plants. The yellow (false) jasmine (<i>Gelsemium sempervirens</i>) is a native of the Southern United States. It has showy and deliciously fragrant flowers.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>The root of the yellow jasmine, used in malarial fevers, etc.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gelt</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See 1st <u>Geld</u>.] <def>Trubute, tax.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>All these the king granted unto them . . . free from all <i>gelts</i> and payments, in a most full and ample manner.</blockquote> <i>Fuller.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gelt</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Gelt</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>] <def>A gelding.</def> [Obs.] <i>Mortimer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gelt</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Gilding; tinsel.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gem</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>gemme</i> precious stone, F. <i>gemme</i>, fr. L. <i>gemma</i> a precious stone, bud.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A bud.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>From the joints of thy prolific stem<BR> A swelling knot is raised called a <i>gem</i>.</blockquote> <i>Denham.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A precious stone of any kind, as the ruby, emerald, topaz, sapphire, beryl, spinel, etc., especially when cut and polished for ornament; a jewel.</def> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Anything of small size, or expressed within brief limits, which is regarded as a gem on account of its beauty or value, as a small picture, a verse of poetry, a witty or wise saying.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Artificial gem</b></col>, <cd>an imitation of a gem, made of glass colored with metallic oxide. Cf. <u>Paste</u>, and <u>Strass</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Gem</hw> <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Gemmed</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Gemming</u>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To put forth in the form of buds.</def> "<i>Gemmed</i> their blossoms." [R.] <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To adorn with gems or precious stones.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To embellish or adorn, as with gems; as, a foliage <i>gemmed</i> with dewdrops.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>England is . . . <i>gemmed</i> with castles and palaces.</blockquote> <i>W. Irving.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ge*ma"ra</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Heb.] <i>(Jewish Law)</i> <def>The second part of the Talmud, or the commentary on the Mishna (which forms the first part or text).</def></p>

<p><hw>Ge*mar"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pertaining to the Gemara.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ge*ma"rist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One versed in the Gemara, or adhering to its teachings.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gem"el</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [OF. <i>gemel</i> twin, F. <i>jumeau</i>, L. <i>gemellus</i> twin, doubled, dim. of <i>geminus</i>. See <u>Gemini</u>, and cf. <u>Gimmal</u>.] <i>(Her.)</i> <def>Coupled; paired.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Bars gemel</b></col> <i>(Her.)</i>, <cd>two barrulets placed near and parallel to each other.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Gem"el</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One of the twins.</def> [Obs.] <i>Wyclif.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Heb.)</i> <def>One of the barrulets placed parallel and closed to each other. Cf. <i>Bars gemel</i>, under <u>Gemel</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos></def></p>

<p><blockquote>Two <i>gemels</i> silver between two griffins passant.</blockquote> <i>Strype.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Gemel hinge</b></col> <i>(Locksmithing)</i>, <cd>a hinge consisting of an eye or loop and a hook.</cd> — <col><b>Gemel ring</b></col>, <cd>a ring with two or more links; a gimbal. See <u>Gimbal</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Gemel window</b></col>, <cd>a window with two bays.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Gem`el*lip"a-rous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>gemellipara</i>, fem., <i>gemellus</i> twin + <i>parere</i> to bear, produce.] <def>Producing twins.</def> [R.] <i>Bailey.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gem"i*nal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>geminus</i> twin.] <def>A pair.</def> [Obs.] <i>Drayton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gem"i*nate</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>geminatus</i>, p. p. of <i>genimare</i> to double. See <u>Gemini</u>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>In pairs or twains; two together; binate; twin; as, <i>geminate</i> flowers.</def> <i>Gray.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gem"i*nate</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To double.</def> [R.] <i>B. Jonson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gem`i*na"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>geminatio</i>.] <def>A doubling; duplication; repetition.</def> [R.] <i>Boyle.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Gem"i*ni</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [L., twins, pl. of <i>geminus</i>; cf. Skr. <i>j&?;mi</i> related as brother or sister.] <i>(Astron.)</i> <def>A constellation of the zodiac, containing the two bright stars <i>Castor</i> and <i>Pollux</i>; also, the third sign of the zodiac, which the sun enters about May 20th.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gem`i*ni*flo"rous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>geminus</i> twin + <i>flos</i>, <i>floris</i>, flower.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Having the flowers arranged in pairs.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gem"i*nous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>geminus</i>.] <def>Double; in pairs.</def> <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gemi*ny</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Gemini</u>.] <def>Twins; a pair; a couple.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Gem`i*to"res</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr. L. <i>gemere</i>, <i>gemitum</i>, to sign, moan.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A division of birds including the true pigeons.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Gem"ma</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Gemm&aelig;</b></plw> (#). [L., a bud.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A leaf bud, as distinguished from a flower bud.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>A bud spore; one of the small spores or buds in the reproduction of certain Protozoa, which separate one at a time from the parent cell.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gem*ma"ceous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to gems or to gemm&aelig;; of the nature of, or resembling, gems or gemm&aelig;.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gem"ma*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>gemmarius</i>. See <u>Gem</u>.] <def>Of or pertaining to gems.</def></p>

<p><! p. 618 !></p>

<p><hw>Gem"ma*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A receptacle for jewels or gems; a jewel house; jewels or gems, collectively.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gem"mate</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>gemmatus</i>, p. p. of <i>gemmare</i> to put forth buds, fr. <i>gemma</i> bud.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Having buds; reproducing by buds.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gem"ma*ted</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having buds; adorned with gems or jewels.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gem*ma"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>gemmation</i>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>The formation of a new individual, either animal or vegetable, by a process of budding; an asexual method of reproduction; gemmulation; gemmiparity. See <u>Budding</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The arrangement of buds on the stalk; also, of leaves in the bud.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gem"me*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>gemmeus</i>. See <u>Gem</u>.] <def>Pertaining to gems; of the nature of gems; resembling gems.</def> <i>Pennant.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gem*mif"er*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>gemma</i> bud + <i>-ferous</i>: cf. F. <i>gemmif&egrave;re</i>.] <def>Producing gems or buds</def>; <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>multiplying by buds.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gem`mi*fi*ca"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>gemma</i> bud + <i>-ficare</i> (in comp.) to make. See <u>- fy</u>.] <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>The production of a bud or gem.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gem`mi*flo"rate</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>gemma</i> bud + <i>flos</i>, <i>floris</i>, flower.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Having flowers like buds.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gem"mi*ness</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The state or quality of being gemmy; spruceness; smartness.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>||Gem*mip"a*ra</hw> (?) <hw>||Gem*mip"a*res</hw> (?) } <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr. L. <i>gemma</i> bud + <i>parere</i> to produce.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Animals which increase by budding, as hydroids.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gem`mi*par"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>Reproduction by budding; gemmation. See <u>Budding</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gem*mip"a*rous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>gemmipare</i>.] <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>Producing buds; reproducing by buds. See <u>Gemmation</u>, 1.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gem*mos"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>gemmosus</i> set with jewels. See <u>Gem</u>.] <def>The quality or characteristics of a gem or jewel.</def> [Obs.] <i>Bailey.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gem`mu*la"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From L. <i>gemmula</i>, dim. of <i>gemma</i> bud.] <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>See <u>Gemmation</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gem"mule</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>gemmula</i>, dim. of <i>gemma</i>: cf. F. <i>gemmule</i>. See <u>Gem</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A little leaf bud, as the plumule between the cotyledons.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>One of the buds of mosses.</def> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <def>One of the reproductive spores of alg&aelig;.</def> <sd><i>(d)</i></sd> <def>An ovule.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Biol.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A bud produced in generation by gemmation.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>One of the imaginary granules or atoms which, according to Darwin's hypothesis of pangenesis, are continually being thrown off from every cell or unit, and circulate freely throughout the system, and when supplied with proper nutriment multiply by self-division and ultimately develop into cells like those from which they were derived. They are supposed to be transmitted from the parent to the offspring, but are often transmitted in a dormant state during many generations and are then developed. See <u>Pangenesis</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gem`mu*lif"er*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Gemmule</i> + <i>-ferous</i>.] <def>Bearing or producing gemmules or buds.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gem"my</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [From <u>Gem</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Full of gems; bright; glittering like a gem.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>gemmy</i> bridle glittered free.</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Spruce; smart.</def> [Colloq. Eng.]</p>

<p><hw>Ge*mote"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [As. <i>gem&?;t</i> an assembly. See <u>Meet</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>] <i>(AS. Hist.)</i> <def>A meeting; — used in combination, as, Witena<i>gemote</i>, an assembly of the wise men.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gems</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [G.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The chamois.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gems"bok</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [D.; akin to G. <i>gemsbock</i> the male or buck of the chamois; <i>gemse</i> chamois, goat of the Alps + <i>bock</i> buck.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A South African antelope (<i>Oryx Capensis</i>), having long, sharp, nearly straight horns.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gems"-horn`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [G., prop., chamois horn.] <i>(Mus.)</i> <def>An organ stop with conical tin pipes.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ge*mul"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A small South American deer (<i>Furcifer Chilensis</i>), with simple forked horns.</def> [Written also <i>guemul</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>-gen</hw> (?). [(1) From Gr. <grk>-gen-</grk>, from the same root as <grk>ge`nos</grk> race, stock (see <u>Genus</u>). (2) From Gr. suffix <grk>-genh`s</grk> born. Cf. F. <i>-g&egrave;ne</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A suffix used in scientific words in the sense of <i>producing</i>, <i>generating</i>: as, amphi<i>gen</i>, amido<i>gen</i>, halo<i>gen</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A suffix meaning <i>produced</i>, <i>generated</i>; as, exo<i>gen</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Ge"na</hw> (?), [L., the cheek.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The cheek; the feathered side of the under mandible of a bird.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The part of the head to which the jaws of an insect are attached.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Ge*nappe"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From <i>Genappe</i>, in Belgium.] <def>A worsted yarn or cord of peculiar smoothness, used in the manufacture of braid, fringe, etc.</def> <i>Simmonds.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Gen`darme"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Gendarmes</b></plw> (#), or <plw><b>Gens d'armes</b></plw>. [F.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Mil.)</i> <def>One of a body of heavy cavalry.</def> [Obs.] [France]</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>An armed policeman in France.</def> <i>Thackeray.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gen*darm"er*y</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>gendarmerie</i>.] <def>The body of gendarmes.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gen"der</hw> (j&ebreve;n"d&etilde;r), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>genre</i>, <i>gendre</i> (with excrescent <i>d</i>.), F. <i>genre</i>, fr. L. <i>genus</i>, <i>generis</i>, birth, descent, race, kind, gender, fr. the root of <i>genere</i>, <i>gignere</i>, to beget, in pass., to be born, akin to E. <i>kin</i>. See <u>Kin</u>, and cf. <u>Generate</u>, <u>Genre</u>, <u>Gentle</u>, <u>Genus</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Kind; sort.</def> [Obs.] "One <i>gender</i> of herbs." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Sex, male or female.</def> [Obs. or Colloq.]</p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Gram.)</i> <def>A classification of nouns, primarily according to sex; and secondarily according to some fancied or imputed quality associated with sex.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Gender</i> is a grammatical distinction and applies to words only. Sex is natural distinction and applies to living objects.</blockquote> <i>R. Morris.</i></p>

<p>&fist; Adjectives and pronouns are said to vary in gender when the form is varied according to the gender of the words to which they refer.</p>

<p><hw>Gen"der</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Gendered</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Gendering</u>.] [OF. <i>gendrer</i>, fr. L. <i>generare</i>. See <u>Gender</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <def>To beget; to engender.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gen"der</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To copulate; to breed.</def> [R.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gen"der*less</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having no gender.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gen`e*a*gen"e*sis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; race + E. <i>genesis</i>.] <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>Alternate generation. See under <u>Generation</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gen`e*a*log"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Genealogical.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gen`e*a*log"ic*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>g&eacute;n&eacute;alogique</i>.] <def>Of or pertaining to genealogy; as, a <i>genealogical</i> table; <i>genealogical</i> order.</def> — <wf>Gen`e*a*log"ic*al*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><col><b>Genealogical tree</b></col>, <cd>a family lineage or genealogy drawn out under the form of a tree and its branches.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Gen`e*al"o*gist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>g&eacute;n&eacute;alogiste</i>.] <def>One who traces genealogies or the descent of persons or families.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gen`e*al"o*gize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To investigate, or relate the history of, descents.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gen`e*al"o*gy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Genealogies</b></plw> (#). [OE. <i>genealogi</i>, <i>genelogie</i>, OF. <i>genelogie</i>, F. <i>g&eacute;n&eacute;alogie</i>, L. <i>genealogia</i>, fr. Gr. &?;; &?; birth, race, descent (akin to L. <i>genus</i>) + &?; discourse.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>An account or history of the descent of a person or family from an ancestor; enumeration of ancestors and their children in the natural order of succession; a pedigree.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Regular descent of a person or family from a progenitor; pedigree; lineage.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gen"e*arch</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;; &?; race + &?; a leader.] <def>The chief of a family or tribe.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gen"e*ra</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Genus</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gen`er*a*bil"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Capability of being generated.</def> <i>Johnstone.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gen"er*a*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>generabilis</i>.] <def>Capable of being generated or produced.</def> <i>Bentley.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gen"er*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [F. <i>g&eacute;n&eacute;ral</i>, fr. L. <i>generalis</i>. See <u>Genus</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Relating to a genus or kind; pertaining to a whole class or order; as, a <i>general</i> law of animal or vegetable economy.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Comprehending many species or individuals; not special or particular; including all particulars; as, a <i>general</i> inference or conclusion.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Not restrained or limited to a precise import; not specific; vague; indefinite; lax in signification; as, a loose and <i>general</i> expression.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Common to many, or the greatest number; widely spread; prevalent; extensive, though not universal; as, a <i>general</i> opinion; a <i>general</i> custom.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>This <i>general</i> applause and cheerful shout<BR> Argue your wisdom and your love to Richard.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>Having a relation to all; common to the whole; as, Adam, our <i>general</i> sire.</def> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>As a whole; in gross; for the most part.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>His <i>general</i> behavior vain, ridiculous.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <def>Usual; common, on most occasions; as, his <i>general</i> habit or method.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The word <i>general</i>, annexed to a name of office, usually denotes <i>chief</i> or <i>superior</i>; as, attorney- <i>general</i>; adjutant <i>general</i>; commissary <i>general</i>; quartermaster <i>general</i>; vicar-<i>general</i>, etc.</p>

<p><col><b>General agent</b></col> <i>(Law)</i>, <cd>an agent whom a principal employs to transact all his business of a particular kind, or to act in his affairs generally.</cd> — <col><b>General assembly</b></col>. <cd>See the Note under <u>Assembly</u>.</cd> — <col><b>General average</b></col>, <col><b>General Court</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Average</u>, <u>Court</u>.</cd> — <col><b>General court-martial</b></col> <i>(Mil.)</i>, <cd>the highest military and naval judicial tribunal.</cd> — <col><b>General dealer</b></col> <i>(Com.)</i>, <cd>a shopkeeper who deals in all articles in common use.</cd> — <col><b>General demurrer</b></col> <i>(Law)</i>, <cd>a demurrer which objects to a pleading in general terms, as insufficient, without specifying the defects.</cd> <i>Abbott.</i> — <col><b>General epistle</b></col>, <cd>a canonical epistle.</cd> — <col><b>General guides</b></col> <i>(Mil.)</i>, <cd>two sergeants (called the <i>right</i>, and the <i>left</i>, <i>general guide</i>) posted opposite the right and left flanks of an infantry battalion, to preserve accuracy in marching.</cd> <i>Farrow.</i> — <col><b>General hospitals</b></col> <i>(Mil.)</i>, <cd>hospitals established to receive sick and wounded sent from the field hospitals.</cd> <i>Farrow.</i> <col><b>General issue</b></col> <i>(Law)</i>, <cd>an issue made by a general plea, which traverses the whole declaration or indictment at once, without offering any special matter to evade it.</cd> <i>Bouvier.</i> <i>Burrill.</i> — <col><b>General lien</b></col> <i>(Law)</i>, <cd>a right to detain a chattel, etc., until payment is made of any balance due on a general account.</cd> — <col><b>General officer</b></col> <i>(Mil.)</i>, <cd>any officer having a rank above that of colonel.</cd> — <col><b>General orders</b></col> <i>(Mil.)</i>, <cd>orders from headquarters published to the whole command.</cd> — <col><b>General practitioner</b></col>, <cd>in the United States, one who practices medicine in all its branches without confining himself to any specialty; in England, one who practices both as physician and as surgeon.</cd> — <col><b>General ship</b></col>, <cd>a ship not chartered or let to particular parties.</cd> — <col><b>General term</b></col> <i>(Logic)</i>, <cd>a term which is the sign of a general conception or notion.</cd> — <col><b>General verdict</b></col> <i>(Law)</i>, <cd>the ordinary comprehensive verdict in civil actions, "for the plaintiff" or "for the defendant".</cd> <i>Burrill.</i> — <col><b>General warrant</b></col> <i>(Law)</i>, <cd>a warrant, now illegal, to apprehend suspected persons, without naming individuals.</cd></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> <u>General</u>, <u>Common</u>, <u>Universal</u>. <i>Common</i> denotes primarily that in which many share; and hence, that which is often met with. <i>General</i> is stronger, denoting that which pertains to a majority of the individuals which compose a <i>genus</i>, or whole. <i>Universal</i>, that which pertains to all without exception. To be able to read and write is so <i>common</i> an attainment in the United States, that we may pronounce it <i>general</i>, though by no means <i>universal</i>.</p>

<p><hw>Gen"er*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>g&eacute;n&eacute;ral</i>. See <u>General</u>., <pos><i>a.</i></pos>]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The whole; the total; that which comprehends or relates to all, or the chief part; — opposed to <i>particular</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>In particulars our knowledge begins, and so spreads itself by degrees to <i>generals</i>.</blockquote> <i>Locke.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Mil.)</i> <def>One of the chief military officers of a government or country; the commander of an army, of a body of men not less than a brigade. In European armies, the highest military rank next below field marshal.</def></p>

<p>&fist; In the United States the office of <i>General of the Army</i> has been created by temporary laws, and has been held only by Generals U. S. Grant, W. T. Sherman, and P. H. Sheridan. Popularly, the title <i>General</i> is given to various <i>general officers</i>, as General, Lieutenant general, Major general, Brigadier general, Commissary general, etc. See <u>Brigadier general</u>, <u>Lieutenant general</u>, <u>Major general</u>, in the Vocabulary.</p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Mil.)</i> <def>The roll of the drum which calls the troops together; as, to beat the <i>general</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Eccl.)</i> <def>The chief of an order of monks, or of all the houses or congregations under the same rule.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>The public; the people; the vulgar.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><col><b>In general</b></col>, <cd>in the main; for the most part.</cd></p>

<p><hw>||Gen`e*ra"li*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [Neut. pl., fr. L. <i>generalis</i>.] <def>Generalities; general terms.</def> <i>J. S. Mill.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gen`er*al*is"si*mo</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [It., superl. of <i>generale</i> general. See <u>General</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <def>The chief commander of an army; especially, the commander in chief of an army consisting of two or more grand divisions under separate commanders; — a title used in most foreign countries.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gen`er*al"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Generalities</b></plw> (#). [L. <i>generalitas</i>: cf. F. <i>g&eacute;n&eacute;ralit&eacute;</i>. Cf. <u>Generalty</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The state of being general; the quality of including species or particulars.</def> <i>Hooker.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>That which is general; that which lacks specificalness, practicalness, or application; a general or vague statement or phrase.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Let us descend from <i>generalities</i> to particulars.</blockquote> <i>Landor.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The glittering and sounding <i>generalities</i> of natural right which make up the Declaration of Independence.</blockquote> <i>R. Choate.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>The main body; the bulk; the greatest part; as, the <i>generality</i> of a nation, or of mankind.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gen"er*al*i`za*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Capable of being generalized, or reduced to a general form of statement, or brought under a general rule.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Extreme cases are . . . not <i>generalizable</i>.</blockquote> <i>Coleridge</i></p>

<p><hw>Gen`er*al*i*za"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>g&eacute;n&eacute;ralisation</i>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act or process of generalizing; the act of bringing individuals or particulars under a genus or class; deduction of a general principle from particulars.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Generalization</i> is only the apprehension of the one in the many.</blockquote> <i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A general inference.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gen"er*al*ize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Generalized</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Generalizing</u> (?).] [Cf. F. <i>g&eacute;n&eacute;raliser</i>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To bring under a genus or under genera; to view in relation to a genus or to genera.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Copernicus <i>generalized</i> the celestial motions by merely referring them to the moon's motion. Newton <i>generalized</i> them still more by referring this last to the motion of a stone through the air.</blockquote> <i>W. Nicholson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To apply to other genera or classes; to use with a more extensive application; to extend so as to include all special cases; to make universal in application, as a formula or rule.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>When a fact is <i>generalized</i>, our discontent is quited, and we consider the generality itself as tantamount to an explanation.</blockquote> <i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To derive or deduce (a general conception, or a general principle) from particulars.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A mere conclusion <i>generalized</i> from a great multitude of facts.</blockquote> <i>Coleridge.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gen"er*al*ize</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To form into a genus; to view objects in their relations to a genus or class; to take general or comprehensive views.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gen"er*al*ized</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Comprising structural characters which are separated in more specialized forms; synthetic; as, a <i>generalized</i> type.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gen"er*al*i`zer</hw> (&?;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who takes general or comprehensive views.</def> <i>Tyndall.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gen"er*al*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>In general; commonly; extensively, though not universally; most frequently.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>In a general way, or in general relation; in the main; upon the whole; comprehensively.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Generally</i> speaking, they live very quietly.</blockquote> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Collectively; as a whole; without omissions.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>I counsel that all Israel be <i>generally</i> gathered unto thee.</blockquote> <i>2 Sam. xvii. ll.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gen"er*al*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The condition or quality of being general; frequency; commonness.</def> <i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gen"er*al*ship</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The office of a general; the exercise of the functions of a general; — sometimes, with the possessive pronoun, the personality of a general.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Your <i>generalship</i> puts me in mind of Prince Eugene.</blockquote> <i>Goldsmith.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Military skill in a general officer or commander.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Fig.: Leadership; management.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>An artful stroke of <i>generalship</i> in Trim to raise a dust.</blockquote> <i>Sterne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gen"er*al*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Generality.</def> [R.] <i>Sir M. Hale.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gen"er*ant</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>generans</i>, <i>p. pr.</i> of <i>generare</i>.] <def>Generative; producing</def>; esp. <i>(Geom.)</i>, <def>acting as a generant.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gen"er*ant</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>That which generates.</def> <i>Glanvill.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Geom.)</i> <def>A generatrix.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gen"er*ate</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Generated</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Generating</u>.] [L. <i>generatus</i>, p. p. of <i>generare</i> to generate, fr. <i>genus</i>. See <u>Genus</u>, <u>Gender</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To beget; to procreate; to propagate; to produce (a being similar to the parent); to engender; as, every animal <i>generates</i> its own species.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To cause to be; to bring into life.</def> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To originate, especially by a vital or chemical process; to produce; to cause.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Whatever <i>generates</i> a quantity of good chyle must likewise <i>generate</i> milk.</blockquote> <i>Arbuthnot.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Math.)</i> <def>To trace out, as a line, figure, or solid, by the motion of a point or a magnitude of inferior order.</def></p>

<p><! p. 619 !></p>

<p><hw>Gen`er*a"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>generacioun</i>, F. <i>g&eacute;n&eacute;ration</i>, fr.L. <i>generatio</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of generating or begetting; procreation, as of animals.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Origination by some process, mathematical, chemical, or vital; production; formation; as, the <i>generation</i> of sounds, of gases, of curves, etc.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>That which is generated or brought forth; progeny; offspiring.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>A single step or stage in the succession of natural descent; a rank or remove in genealogy. Hence: The body of those who are of the same genealogical rank or remove from an ancestor; the mass of beings living at one period; also, the average lifetime of man, or the ordinary period of time at which one rank follows another, or father is succeeded by child, usually assumed to be one third of a century; an age.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>This is the book of the <i>generations</i> of Adam.</blockquote> <i>Gen. v. 1.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Ye shall remain there [in Babylon] many years, and for a long season, namely, seven <i>generations</i>.</blockquote> <i>Baruch vi. 3.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>All <i>generations</i> and ages of the Christian church.</blockquote> <i>Hooker.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>Race; kind; family; breed; stock.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Thy mother's of my <i>generation</i>; what's she, if I be a dog?</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <i>(Geom.)</i> <def>The formation or production of any geometrical magnitude, as a line, a surface, a solid, by the motion, in accordance with a mathematical law, of a point or a magnitude; as, the <i>generation</i> of a line or curve by the motion of a point, of a surface by a line, a sphere by a semicircle, etc.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>The aggregate of the functions and phenomene which attend reproduction.</def></p>

<p>&fist; There are four modes of generation in the animal kingdom: <i>scissiparity</i> or by fissiparous generation, <i>gemmiparity</i> or by budding, <i>germiparity</i> or by germs, and <i>oviparity</i> or by ova.</p>

<p><col><b>Alternate generation</b></col> <i>(Biol.)</i>, <cd>alternation of sexual with asexual generation, in which the products of one process differ from those of the other, — a form of reproduction common both to animal and vegetable organisms. In the simplest form, the organism arising from sexual generation produces offspiring unlike itself, agamogenetically. These, however, in time acquire reproductive organs, and from their impregnated germs the original parent form is reproduced. In more complicated cases, the first series of organisms produced agamogenetically may give rise to others by a like process, and these in turn to still other generations. Ultimately, however, a generation is formed which develops sexual organs, and the original form is reproduced.</cd> — <col><b>Spontaneous generation</b></col> <i>(Biol.)</i>, <cd>the fancied production of living organisms without previously existing parents from inorganic matter, or from decomposing organic matter, a notion which at one time had many supporters; abiogenesis.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Gen"er*a*tive</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>g&eacute;n&eacute;ratif</i>.] <def>Having the power of generating, propagating, originating, or producing.</def> "That <i>generative</i> particle." <i>Bentley.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gen"er*a`tor</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who, or that which, generates, begets, causes, or produces.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>An apparatus in which vapor or gas is formed from a liquid or solid by means of heat or chemical process, as a steam boiler, gas retort, or vessel for generating carbonic acid gas, etc.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Mus.)</i> <def>The principal sound or sounds by which others are produced; the fundamental note or root of the common chord; — called also <i>generating tone</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gen`er*a"trix</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> L. <plw><b>Generatrices</b></plw> (#), E. <plw><b>Generatrixes</b></plw> (#). [L.] <i>(Geom.)</i> <def>That which generates; the point, or the mathematical magnitude, which, by its motion, generates another magnitude, as a line, surface, or solid; — called also <i>describent</i>.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Ge*ner"ic</hw> (?), <hw>Ge*ner"ic*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>genus</i>, <i>generis</i>, race, kind: cf. F. <i>g&eacute;n&eacute;rique</i>. See <u>Gender</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>Pertaining to a genus or kind; relating to a genus, as distinct from a species, or from another genus; as, a <i>generic</i> description; a <i>generic</i> difference; a <i>generic</i> name.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Very comprehensive; pertaining or appropriate to large classes or their characteristics; — opposed to <i>specific</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ge*ner"ic*al*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>With regard to a genus, or an extensive class; as, an animal <i>generically</i> distinct from another, or two animals or plants <i>generically</i> allied.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ge*ner"ic*al*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality of being generic.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ge*ner`i*fi*ca"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>genus</i> kind, class + <i>-ficare</i> (in comp.) to make. See <u>-fy</u>.] <def>The act or process of generalizing.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Out of this the universal is elaborated by <i>generification</i>.</blockquote> <i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gen`er*os"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>generositas</i>: cf. F. <i>g&eacute;n&eacute;rosit&eacute;</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Noble birth.</def> [Obs.] <i>Harris (Voyages).</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The quality of being noble; noble- mindedness.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Generosity</i> is in nothing more seen than in a candid estimation of other men's virtues and good qualities.</blockquote> <i>Barrow.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Liberality in giving; munificence.</def></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Magnanimity; liberality.</p>

<p><hw>Gen"er*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [F. <i>g&eacute;n&eacute;reux</i>, fr. L. <i>generous</i> of noble birth, noble, excellent, magnanimous, fr. <i>genus</i> birth, race: cf. It. <i>generoso</i>. See 2d <u>Gender</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Of honorable birth or origin; highborn.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>generous</i> and gravest citizens.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Exhibiting those qualities which are popularly reregarded as belonging to high birth; noble; honorable; magnanimous; spirited; courageous.</def> "The <i>generous</i> critic." <i>Pope.</i> "His <i>generous</i> spouse." <i>Pope.</i> "A <i>generous</i> pack [of hounds]." <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Open-handed; free to give; not close or niggardly; munificent; as, a <i>generous</i> friend or father.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Characterized by generosity; abundant; overflowing; as, a <i>generous</i> table.</def> <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>Full of spirit or strength; stimulating; exalting; as, <i>generous</i> wine.</def></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Magnanimous; bountiful. See <u>Liberal</u>.</p>

<p>— <wf>Gen"er*ous*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Gen"er*ous*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Gen`e*see" ep"och</hw> (?). <i>(Geol.)</i> <def>The closing subdivision of the Hamilton period in the American Devonian system; - - so called because the formations of this period crop out in <i>Genesee</i>, New York.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ge*ne"sial</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or relating to generation.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ge*ne`si*ol"gy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; birth + <i>-logy</i>.] <def>The doctrine or science of generation.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gen"e*sis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., from Gr. <grk>ge`nesis</grk>, fr. the root of <grk>gi`gnesqai</grk> to beget, be born; akin to L. <i>genus</i> birth, race. See <u>Gender</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of producing, or giving birth or origin to anything; the process or mode of originating; production; formation; origination.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The origin and <i>genesis</i> of poor Sterling's club.</blockquote> <i>Carlyle.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The first book of the Old Testament; — so called by the Greek translators, from its containing the history of the creation of the world and of the human race.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Geom.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Generation</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gen"et</hw> (j&ebreve;n"&ebreve;t <i>or</i> j&esl;*n&ebreve;t"), <hw>Ge*nette"</hw> (j&esl;*n&ebreve;t"), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>genette</i>, Sp. <i>gineta</i>, fr. Ar. <i>jarnei&tsdot;</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of several species of small Carnivora of the genus <i>Genetta</i>, allied to the civets, but having the scent glands less developed, and without a pouch.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The common genet (<i>Genetta vulgaris</i>) of Southern Europe, Asia Minor, and North Africa, is dark gray, spotted with black. The long tail is banded with black and white. The Cape genet (<i>G. felina</i>), and the berbe (<i>G. pardina</i>), are related African species.</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The fur of the common genet (<i>Genetta vulgaris</i>); also, any skin dressed in imitation of this fur.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gen"et</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Jennet</u>.] <def>A small-sized, well-proportioned, Spanish horse; a jennet.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ge*neth"li*ac</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>genethliacus</i>, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; belonging to one's birth, <grk>gene`qlh</grk> birth, fr. <grk>gi`gnesqai</grk> to be born.] <def>Pertaining to nativities; calculated by astrologers; showing position of stars at one's birth.</def> <i>Howell.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ge*neth"li*ac</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A birthday poem.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>One skilled in genethliacs.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gen`eth*li"a*cal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Genethliac.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ge*neth"li*acs</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The science of calculating nativities, or predicting the future events of life from the stars which preside at birth.</def> <i>Johnson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ge*neth`li*al"o*gy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>geneqlhalogi`a</grk> astrology; <grk>gene`qlh</grk> birth + <grk>lo`gos</grk> discourse.] <def>Divination as to the destinies of one newly born; the act or art of casting nativities; astrology.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ge*neth`li*at"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who calculates nativities.</def> <i>Sir W. Drummond.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ge*net"ic</hw> (j&esl;*n&ebreve;t"&ibreve;k), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Genetical</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ge*net"ic*al</hw> (-&ibreve;*k<i>a</i>l), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See <u>Genesis</u>.] <def>Pertaining to, concerned with, or determined by, the genesis of anything, or its natural mode of production or development.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>This historical, <i>genetical</i> method of viewing prior systems of philosophy.</blockquote> <i>Hare.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ge*net"ic*al*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a genetical manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ge*ne"va</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The chief city of Switzerland.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Geneva Bible</b></col>, <cd>a translation of the Bible into English, made and published by English refugees in Geneva (Geneva, 1560; London, 1576). It was the first English Bible printed in Roman type instead of the ancient black letter, the first which recognized the division into verses, and the first which omitted the Apocrypha. In form it was a small quarto, and soon superseded the large folio of Cranmer's translation. Called also <i>Genevan Bible</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Geneva convention</b></col> <i>(Mil.)</i>, <cd>an agreement made by representatives of the great continental powers at Geneva and signed in 1864, establishing new and more humane regulation regarding the treatment of the sick and wounded and the status of those who minister to them in war. Ambulances and military hospitals are made neutral, and this condition affects physicians, chaplains, nurses, and the ambulance corps. Great Britain signed the convention in 1865.</cd> — <col><b>Geneva cross</b></col> <i>(Mil.)</i>, <cd>a red Greek cross on a white ground; — the flag and badge adopted in the Geneva convention.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Ge*ne"va</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>geni&egrave;vre</i> juniper, juniper berry, gin, OF. <i>geneivre</i> juniper, fr. L. <i>juniperus</i> the juniper tree: cf. D. <i>jenever</i>, fr. F. <i>geni&egrave;vre</i>. See <u>Juniper</u>, and cf. <u>Gin</u> a liquor.] <def>A strongly alcoholic liquor, flavored with juniper berries; — made in Holland; Holland gin; Hollands.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ge*ne"van</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to Geneva, in Switzerland; Genevese.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ge*ne"van</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A native or inhabitant of Geneva.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A supported of Genevanism.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ge*ne"van*ism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From <i>Geneva</i>, where Calvin resided.] <def>Strict Calvinism.</def> <i>Bp. Montagu.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gen`e*vese"</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. L. <i>Genevensis</i>, F. <i>g&eacute;nevois</i>.] <def>Of or pertaining to Geneva, in Switzerland; Genevan.</def> — <pos><i>n. sing. & pl.</i></pos> <def>A native or inhabitant of Geneva; collectively, the inhabitants of Geneva; people of Geneva.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ge*ni"al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Genian</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gen"ial</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>genialis</i>: cf. OF. <i>genial</i>. See <u>Genius</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Contributing to, or concerned in, propagation or production; generative; procreative; productive.</def> "The <i>genial</i> bed." <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Creator Venus, <i>genial</i> power of love.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Contributing to, and sympathizing with, the enjoyment of life; sympathetically cheerful and cheering; jovial and inspiring joy or happiness; exciting pleasure and sympathy; enlivening; kindly; as, she was of a cheerful and <i>genial</i> disposition.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>So much I feel my <i>genial</i> spirits droop.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Belonging to one's genius or natural character; native; natural; inborn.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Natural incapacity and <i>genial</i> indisposition.</blockquote> <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Denoting or marked with genius; belonging to the higher nature.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Men of genius have often attached the highest value to their less <i>genial</i> works.</blockquote> <i>Hare.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Genial gods</b></col> <i>(Pagan Mythol.)</i>, <cd>the powers supposed to preside over marriage and generation.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Ge`ni*al"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>genialitas</i>.] <def>The quality of being genial; sympathetic cheerfulness; warmth of disposition and manners.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gen"ial*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>By genius or nature; naturally.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Some men are <i>genially</i> disposed to some opinions.</blockquote> <i>Glanvill.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Gayly; cheerfully.</def> <i>Johnson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gen"ial*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality of being genial.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ge*ni"an</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; chin; akin to &?; under jaw. Cf. <u>Chin</u>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to the chin; mental; as, the <i>genian</i> prominence.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ge*nic"u*late</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>geniculatus</i>, fr. <i>geniculum</i> little knee, knot or joint, dim. of <i>genu</i> knee. See <u>Knee</u>.] <def>Bent abruptly at an angle, like the knee when bent; as, a <i>geniculate</i> stem; a <i>geniculate</i> ganglion; a <i>geniculate</i> twin crystal.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ge*nic"u*late</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Geniculated</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Geniculating</u>.] <def>To form joints or knots on.</def> [R.] <i>Cockeram.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ge*nic"u*la`ted</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Geniculate</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ge*nic`u*la"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>geniculatio</i> a kneeling.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of kneeling.</def> [R.] <i>Bp. Hall.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The state of being bent abruptly at an angle.</def></p>

<p><hw>||G&eacute;`nie</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F.] <def>See <u>Genius</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Ge"ni*o</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [It. See <u>Genius</u>.] <def>A man of a particular turn of mind.</def> [R.] <i>Tatler.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ge`ni*o*hy"oid</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; the chin + E. <i>hyoid</i>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to the chin and hyoid bone; as, the <i>geniohyoid</i> muscle.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gen"i*pap</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The edible fruit of a West Indian tree (<i>Genipa Americana</i>) of the order <i>Rubiace&aelig;</i>. It is oval in shape, as a large as a small orange, of a pale greenish color, and with dark purple juice.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Ge*nis"ta</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., broom.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A genus of plants including the common broom of Western Europe.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gen"i*tal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>genitalis</i>, fr. <i>genere</i>, <i>gignere</i>, to beget: cf. F. <i>g&eacute;nital</i>. See <u>Gender</u>.] <def>Pertaining to generation, or to the generative organs.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Genital cord</b></col> <i>(Anat.)</i>, <cd>a cord developed in the fetus by the union of portions of the Wolffian and M&uuml;llerian ducts and giving rise to parts of the urogenital passages in both sexes.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Gen"i*tals</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [From <u>Genital</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>: cf. L. <i>genitalia</i>.] <def>The organs of generation; the sexual organs; the private parts.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gen"i*ting</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Jenneting</u>.] <def>A species of apple that ripens very early.</def> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gen`i*ti"val</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Possessing genitive from; pertaining to, or derived from, the genitive case; as, a <i>genitival</i> adverb.</def> — <wf>Gen`i*ti"val*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Gen"i*tive</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>genitivus</i>, fr. <i>gignere</i>, <i>genitum</i>, to beget: cf. F. <i>g&eacute;nitif</i>. See <u>Gender</u>.] <i>(Gram.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to that case (as the second case of Latin and Greek nouns) which expresses source or possession. It corresponds to the possessive case in English.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gen"i*tive</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Gram.)</i> <def>The genitive case.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Genitive absolute</b></col>, <cd>a construction in Greek similar to the ablative absolute in Latin. See <i>Ablative absolute</i>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Gen`i*to*cru"ral</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Genit</i>al + <i>crural</i>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Pertaining to the genital organs and the thigh; — applied especially to one of the lumbar nerves.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gen"i*tor</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who begets; a generator; an originator.</def> <i>Sheldon.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>pl.</i> <def>The genitals.</def> [Obs.] <i>Holland.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gen`i*to*u"ri*na*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Genit</i>al + <i>urinary</i>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>See <u>Urogenital</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gen"i*ture</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>genitura</i>: cf. F. <i>g&eacute;niture</i>.] <def>Generation; procreation; birth.</def> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gen"ius</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> E. <plw><b>Geniuses</b></plw> (#); <i>in sense 1</i>, L. <plw><b>Genii</b></plw> (#). [L. <i>genius</i>, prop., the superior or divine nature which is innate in everything, the spirit, the tutelar deity or genius of a person or place, taste, talent, genius, from <i>genere</i>, <i>gignere</i>, to beget, bring forth. See <u>Gender</u>, and cf. <u>Engine</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A good or evil spirit, or demon, supposed by the ancients to preside over a man's destiny in life; a tutelary deity; a supernatural being; a spirit, good or bad. Cf. <u>Jinnee</u>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The unseen <i>genius</i> of the wood.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>We talk of genius still, but with thought how changed! The <i>genius</i> of Augustus was a tutelary demon, to be sworn by and to receive offerings on an altar as a deity.</blockquote> <i>Tylor.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The peculiar structure of mind with which each individual is endowed by nature; that disposition or aptitude of mind which is peculiar to each man, and which qualifies him for certain kinds of action or special success in any pursuit; special taste, inclination, or disposition; as, a <i>genius</i> for history, for poetry, or painting.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Peculiar character; animating spirit, as of a nation, a religion, a language.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Distinguished mental superiority; uncommon intellectual power; especially, superior power of invention or origination of any kind, or of forming new combinations; as, a man of <i>genius</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Genius</i> of the highest kind implies an unusual intensity of the modifying power.</blockquote> <i>Coleridge.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>A man endowed with uncommon vigor of mind; a man of superior intellectual faculties; as, Shakespeare was a rare <i>genius</i>.</def></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — <u>Genius</u>, <u>Talent</u>. <i>Genius</i> implies high and peculiar gifts of nature, impelling the mind to certain favorite kinds of mental effort, and producing new combinations of ideas, imagery, etc. <i>Talent</i> supposes general strength of intellect, with a peculiar aptitude for being molded and directed to specific employments and valuable ends and purposes. <i>Genius</i> is connected more or less with the exercise of imagination, and reaches its ends by a kind of intuitive power. <i>Talent</i> depends more on high mental training, and a perfect command of all the faculties, memory, judgment, sagacity, etc. Hence we speak of a <i>genius</i> for poetry, painting. etc., and a <i>talent</i> for business or diplomacy. Among English orators, Lord Chatham was distinguished for his <i>genius</i>; William Pitt for his pre&euml;minent <i>talents</i>, and especially his unrivaled <i>talent</i> for debate.</p>

<p><! p. 620 !></p>

<p><col><b>||Genius loci</b></col> (&?;) [L.], <cd>the genius or presiding divinity of a place; hence, the pervading spirit of a place or institution, as of a college, etc.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Gen`o*ese"</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to Genoa, a city of Italy.</def> — <pos><i>n. sing. & pl.</i></pos> <def>A native or inhabitant of Genoa; collectively, the people of Genoa.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Ge*nouil`l&egrave;re"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Anc. Armor)</i> <def>A metal plate covering the knee.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Fort.)</i> <def>That part of a parapet which lies between the gun platform and the bottom of an embrasure.</def></p>

<p><hw>-ge*nous</hw>. [<i>-gen</i> + <i>-ous</i>.] <def>A suffix signifying <i>producing</i>, <i>yielding</i>; as, alkali<i>genous</i>; endo<i>genous</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Genre</hw> (zh&auml;N"r'), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. See <u>Gender</u>.] <i>(Fine Arts)</i> <def>A style of painting, sculpture, or other imitative art, which illustrates everyday life and manners.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Gens</hw> (j&ebreve;nz), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Gentes</b></plw> (j&ebreve;n"t&emacr;z). [L. See <u>Gentle</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <i>(Rom. Hist.)</i> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A clan or family connection, embracing several families of the same stock, who had a common name and certain common religious rites; a subdivision of the Roman curia or tribe.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Ethnol.)</i> <def>A minor subdivision of a tribe, among American aborigines. It includes those who have a common descent, and bear the same totem.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gent</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [OF. <i>gent</i>, fr. L. <i>genitus</i> born, or (less prob.) fr. <i>gentilis</i>. See <u>Genteel</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Gentle; noble; of gentle birth.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>All of a knight [who] was fair and <i>gent</i>.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Neat; pretty; fine; elegant.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Her body <i>gent</i> and small.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gen*teel"</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [F. <i>gentil</i> noble, pretty, graceful. See <u>Gentle</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Possessing or exhibiting the qualities popularly regarded as belonging to high birth and breeding; free from vulgarity, or lowness of taste or behavior; adapted to a refined or cultivated taste; polite; well-bred; as, <i>genteel</i> company, manners, address.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Graceful in mien or form; elegant in appearance, dress, or manner; as, the lady has a <i>genteel</i> person. <i>Law</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Suited to the position of lady or a gentleman; as, to live in a <i>genteel</i> allowance.</def></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Polite; well-bred; refined; polished.</p>

<p><hw>Gen*teel"ish</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Somewhat genteel.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gen*teel"ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a genteel manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gen*teel"ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality of being genteel.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gen"ter*ie</hw> (?), <hw>Gen"trie</hw> (&?;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. See <u>Gentry</u>.] <def>Nobility of birth or of character; gentility.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gen"tian</hw> (j&ebreve;n"sh<i>a</i>n <i>or</i> - sh&ibreve;*<i>a</i>n), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>genciane</i>, F. <i>gentiane</i>, L. <i>gentiana</i>, fr. <i>Gentius</i>, an Illyrian king, said to have discovered its properties.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Any one of a genus (<i>Gentiana</i>) of herbaceous plants with opposite leaves and a tubular four- or five-lobed corolla, usually blue, but sometimes white, yellow, or red. See <i>Illust.</i> of <u>Capsule</u>.</def></p>

<p>&fist; Many species are found on the highest mountains of Europe, Asia, and America, and some are prized for their beauty, as the Alpine (<i>Gentiana verna</i>, <i>Bavarica</i>, and <i>excisa</i>), and the American fringed gentians (<i>G. crinita</i> and <i>G. detonsa</i>). Several are used as tonics, especially the bitter roots of <i>Gentiana lutea</i>, the officinal gentian of the pharmacop&oelig;ias.</p>

<p><col><b>Horse gentian</b></col>, <cd>fever root.</cd> — <col><b>Yellow gentian</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>the officinal gentian (<i>Gentiana lutea</i>). See <u>Bitterwort</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Gen`tian*a"ceous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to a natural order of plants (<i>Gentianace&aelig;</i>) of which the gentian is the type.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gen`tian*el"la</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Gentian</u>.] <def>A kind of blue color.</def> <i>Johnson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gen`ti*an"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pertaining to or derived from the gentian; as, <i>gentianic</i> acid.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gen"tian*ine</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A bitter, crystallizable substance obtained from gentian.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gen"tian*ose`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A crystallizable, sugarlike substance, with a slightly sweetish taste, obtained from the gentian.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gen"til</hw> (?), <pos><i>a. & n.</i></pos> <def>Gentle.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gen"tile</hw> (j&ebreve;n"t&imacr;l), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>gentilis</i> belonging to the same clan, stock, race, people, or nation; in opposition to <i>Roman</i>, a foreigner; in opposition to <i>Jew</i> or <i>Christian</i>, a heathen: cf. F. <i>gentil</i>. See <u>Gentle</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <def>One of a non-Jewish nation; one neither a Jew nor a Christian; a worshiper of false gods; a heathen.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The Hebrews included in the term <i>g&omacr;yim</i>, or nations, all the tribes of men who had not received the true faith, and were not circumcised. The Christians translated <i>g&omacr;yim</i> by the L. <i>gentes</i>, and imitated the Jews in giving the name <i>gentiles</i> to all nations who were neither Jews nor Christians. In civil affairs, the denomination was given to all nations who were not Romans.</p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Pagan; heathen. See <u>Pagan</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Gen"tile</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Belonging to the nations at large, as distinguished from the <i>Jews</i>; ethnic; of pagan or heathen people.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Gram.)</i> <def>Denoting a race or country; as, a <i>gentile</i> noun or adjective.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gen"tile-fal`con</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>See <u>Falcon-gentil</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gen`ti*lesse"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>gentilesse</i>, <i>gentelise</i>, F. <i>gentillesse</i>. See <u>Gentle</u>. <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <def>Gentleness; courtesy; kindness; nobility.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gen"til*ish</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Heathenish; pagan.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gen"til*ism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>gentilisme</i>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Hethenism; paganism; the worship of false gods.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Tribal feeling; devotion to one's <i>gens</i>.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Gen`ti*li"tial</hw> (?), <hw>Gen`ti*li"tious</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>gentilitius</i>. See <u>Gentile</u>.] [Obs.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Peculiar to a people; national.</def> <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Hereditary; entailed on a family.</def> <i>Arbuthnot.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gen*til"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>gentilitas</i> the relationship of those who belong to the same clan, also, heathenism: cf. F. <i>gentilit&eacute;</i> heathenism. See <u>Gentile</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Good extraction; dignity of birth.</def> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>He . . . mines my <i>gentility</i> with my education.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The quality or qualities appropriate to those who are well born, as self-respect, dignity, courage, courtesy, politeness of manner, a graceful and easy mien and behavior, etc.; good breeding.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>The class in society who are, or are expected to be, genteel; the gentry.</def> [R.] <i>Sir J. Davies.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Paganism; heathenism.</def> [Obs.] <i>Hooker.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gen"til*ize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [See <u>Gentile</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To live like a gentile or heathen.</def> [Obs.] <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To act the gentleman; — with <i>it</i> (see <u>It</u>, 5).</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Gen"til*ize</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To render gentile or gentlemanly; as, to <i>gentilize</i> your unworthy sones.</def> [R.] <i>Sylvester.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gen"til*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> [From <u>Gentil</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <def>In a gentle or hoble manner; frankly.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gen`ti*o*pi"krin</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Gentian</i> + Gr. &?; bitter.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A bitter, yellow, crystalline substance, regarded as a glucoside, and obtained from the gentian.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gen"ti*sin</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A tasteless, yellow, crystalline substance, obtained from the gentian; — called also <i>gentianin</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gen"tle</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<pos><i>Compar.</i></pos> <u>Gentler</u> (?); <pos><i>superl.</i></pos> <u>Gentlest</u> (?).] [OE. <i>gentil</i>, F. <i>gentil</i> noble, pretty, graceful, fr. L. <i>gentilis</i> of the same clan or race, fr. <i>gens</i>, <i>gentis</i>, tribe, clan, race, orig. that which belongs together by birth, fr. the root of <i>genere</i>, <i>gignere</i>, to beget; hence <i>gentle</i>, properly, of birth or family, that is, of good or noble birth. See <u>Gender</u>, and cf. <u>Genteel</u>, <u>Gentil</u>, <u>Gentile</u>, <u>Gentoo</u>, <u>Jaunty</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Well-born; of a good family or respectable birth, though not noble.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>British society is divided into nobility, gentry, and yeomanry, and families are either noble, <i>gentle</i>, or simple.</blockquote> <i>Johnson's Cyc.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The studies wherein our noble and <i>gentle</i> youth ought to bestow their time.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Quiet and refined in manners; not rough, harsh, or stern; mild; meek; bland; amiable; tender; as, a <i>gentle</i> nature, temper, or disposition; a <i>gentle</i> manner; a <i>gentle</i> address; a <i>gentle</i> voice.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A compellative of respect, consideration, or conciliation; as, <i>gentle</i> reader.</def> "<i>Gentle</i> sirs." "<i>Gentle</i> Jew." "<i>Gentle</i> servant." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Not wild, turbulent, or refractory; quiet and docile; tame; peaceable; as, a <i>gentle</i> horse.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>Soft; not violent or rough; not strong, loud, or disturbing; easy; soothing; pacific; as, a <i>gentle</i> touch; a <i>gentle</i> gallop .</def> "<i>Gentle</i> music." <i>Sir J. Davies.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>O sleep! it is a <i>gentle</i> thing.</blockquote> <i>Coleridge.</i></p>

<p><col><b>The gentle craft</b></col>, <cd>the art or trade of shoemaking.</cd></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Mild; meek; placid; dovelike; quiet; peaceful; pacific; bland; soft; tame; tractable; docile. — <u>Gentle</u>, <u>Tame</u>, <u>Mild</u>, <u>Meek</u>. <i>Gentle</i> describes the natural disposition; <i>tame</i>, that which is subdued by training; <i>mild</i> implies a temper which is, by nature, not easily provoked; <i>meek</i>, a spirit which has been schooled to mildness by discipline or suffering. The lamb is <i>gentle</i>; the domestic fowl is <i>tame</i>; John, the Apostle, was <i>mild</i>; Moses was <i>meek</i>.</p>

<p><hw>Gen"tle</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One well born; a gentleman.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote><i>Gentles</i>, methinks you frown.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A trained falcon. See <u>Falcon- gentil</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A dipterous larva used as fish bait.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gent"le</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To make genteel; to raise from the vulgar; to ennoble.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i> </p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To make smooth, cozy, or agreeable.</def> [R. or Poet.]</p>

<p><blockquote>To <i>gentle</i> life's descent,<BR> We shut our eyes, and think it is a plain.</blockquote> <i>Young.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To make kind and docile, as a horse.</def> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><hw>Gen"tle*folk`</hw> (?), <hw>Gen"tle*folks`</hw> (&?;), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> <def>Persons of gentle or good family and breeding.</def> [Generally in the United States in the plural form.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gen"tle-heart`ed</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having a kind or gentle disposition.</def> <i>Shak.</i> — <wf>Gen"tle- heart`ed*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Gen"tle*man</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Gentlemen</b></plw> (#). [OE. <i>gentilman</i> nobleman; <i>gentil</i> noble + <i>man</i> man; cf. F. <i>gentilhomme</i>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A man well born; one of good family; one above the condition of a yeoman.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>One of gentle or refined manners; a well- bred man.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Her.)</i> <def>One who bears arms, but has no title.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>The servant of a man of rank.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The count's <i>gentleman</i>, one Cesario.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>A man, irrespective of condition; — used esp. in the plural (= citizens; people), in addressing men in popular assemblies, etc.</def></p>

<p>&fist; In Great Britain, the term <i>gentleman</i> is applied in a limited sense to those having coats of arms, but who are without a title, and, in this sense, <i>gentlemen</i> hold a middle rank between the nobility and yeomanry. In a more extended sense, it includes every man above the rank of yeoman, comprehending the nobility. In the United States, the term is applied to men of education and good breeding of every occupation.</p>

<p><col><b>Gentleman commoner</b></col>, <cd>one of the highest class of commoners at the University of Oxford.</cd> — <col><b>Gentleman usher</b></col>, <cd>one who ushers visitors into the presence of a sovereign, etc.</cd> — <col><b>Gentleman usher of the black rod</b></col>, <cd>an usher belonging to the Order of the Garter, whose chief duty is to serve as official messenger of the House of Lords.</cd> — <col><b>Gentlemen-at-arms</b></col>, <cd>a band of forty gentlemen who attend the sovereign on state occasions; formerly called <i>gentlemen pensioners</i>.</cd> [Eng.]</p>

<p><hw>Gen"tle*man*hood</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The qualities or condition of a gentleman.</def> [R.] <i>Thackeray.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Gen"tle*man*like`</hw> (?), <hw>Gen"tle*man*ly</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of, pertaining to, resembling, or becoming, a gentleman; well-behaved; courteous; polite.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gen"tle*man*li*ness</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The state of being gentlemanly; gentlemanly conduct or manners.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gen"tle*man*ship</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The carriage or quality of a gentleman.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gen"tle*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality or state of being gentle, well-born, mild, benevolent, docile, etc.; gentility; softness of manners, disposition, etc.; mildness.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gen"tle*ship</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The deportment or conduct of a gentleman.</def> [Obs.] <i>Ascham.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gent"lesse</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Gentilesse; gentleness.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Gen"tle*wom`an</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Gentlewomen</b></plw> (&?;).</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A woman of good family or of good breeding; a woman above the vulgar.</def> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A woman who attends a lady of high rank.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gen"tly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a gentle manner.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>My mistress <i>gently</i> chides the fault I made.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gen*too"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Gentoos</b></plw> (#). [Pg. <i>gentio</i> gentile, heathen. See <u>Gentile</u>.] <def>A native of Hindostan; a Hindoo.</def> [Archaic]</p>

<p><hw>Gen"try</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>genterie</i>, <i>gentrie</i>, noble birth, nobility, cf. <i>gentrise</i>, and OF. <i>gentelise</i>, <i>genterise</i>, E. <i>gentilesse</i>, also OE. <i>genteleri</i> high-mindedness. See <u>Gent</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>, <u>Gentle</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Birth; condition; rank by birth.</def> [Obs.] "Pride of <i>gentrie</i>." <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>She conquers him by high almighty Jove,<BR> By knighthood, <i>gentry</i>, and sweet friendship's oath.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>People of education and good breeding; in England, in a restricted sense, those between the nobility and the yeomanry.</def> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Courtesy; civility; complaisance.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>To show us so much <i>gentry</i> and good will.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gen"ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [From F. <i>gentil</i>. Cf. <u>Jaunty</u>.] <def>Neat; trim.</def> [Scot.] <i>Burns.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Ge"nu</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Genua</b></plw> (#). [L., the knee.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The knee.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The kneelike bend, in the anterior part of the callosum of the brain.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gen`u*flect"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Genuflected</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Genuflecting</u>.] [See <u>Genuflection</u>.] <def>To bend the knee, as in worship.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gen`u*flec"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>g&eacute;nuflexion</i>, fr. LL. <i>genuflexio</i>, fr. L. <i>genu</i> knee + <i>flexio</i> a bending, fr. <i>flectere</i>, <i>flexum</i>, to bend. See <u>Knee</u>, <u>Flexible</u>.] <def>The act of bending the knee, particularly in worship.</def> <i>Bp. Stillingfleet.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gen"u*ine</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>genuinus</i>, fr. <i>genere</i>, <i>gignere</i>, to beget, in pass., to be born: cf. F. <i>g&eacute;nuine</i>. See <u>Gender</u>.] <def>Belonging to, or proceeding from, the original stock; native; hence, not counterfeit, spurious, false, or adulterated; authentic; real; natural; true; pure; as, a <i>genuine</i> text; a <i>genuine</i> production; <i>genuine</i> materials.</def> "True, <i>genuine</i> night." <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Authentic; real; true; pure; unalloyed; unadulterated. See <u>Authentic</u>.</p>

<p>— <wf>Gen"u*ine*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Gen"u*ine*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><blockquote>The evidence, both internal and external, against the <i>genuineness</i> of these letters, is overwhelming.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ge"nus</hw> (j&emacr;"n&ubreve;s), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Genera</b></plw> (#). [L., birth, race, kind, sort; akin to Gr. &?;. See <u>Gender</u>, and cf. <u>Benign</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Logic)</i> <def>A class of objects divided into several subordinate species; a class more extensive than a species; a precisely defined and exactly divided class; one of the five predicable conceptions, or sorts of terms.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>An assemblage of species, having so many fundamental points of structure in common, that in the judgment of competent scientists, they may receive a common substantive name. A genus is not necessarily the lowest definable group of species, for it may often be divided into several subgenera. In proportion as its definition is exact, it is <i>natural</i> genus; if its definition can not be made clear, it is more or less an <i>artificial</i> genus.</def></p>

<p>&fist; Thus in the animal kingdom the lion, leopard, tiger, cat, and panther are species of the Cat kind or genus, while in the vegetable kingdom all the species of oak form a single genus. Some genera are represented by a multitude of species, as Solanum (<i>Nightshade</i>) and Carex (<i>Sedge</i>), others by few, and some by only one known species.</p>

<p><col><b>Subaltern genus</b></col> <i>(Logic)</i>, <cd>a genus which may be a species of a higher genus, as the genus denoted by <i>quadruped</i>, which is also a species of <i>mammal</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Summum genus</b></col> [L.] <i>(Logic)</i>, <cd>the highest genus; a genus which can not be classed as a species, as <i>being</i>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>||Ge"nys</hw> (j&emacr;"n&ibreve;s), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. <grk>ge`nys</grk> the under jaw.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>See <u>Gonys</u>.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Ge`o*cen"tric</hw> (?), <hw>Ge`o*cen"tric*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>ge`a</grk>, <grk>gh^</grk>, the earth + <grk>ke`ntron</grk> center: cf. F. <i>g&eacute;ocentrique</i>.] <i>(Astron.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>Having reference to the earth as center; in relation to or seen from the earth, — usually opposed to <i>heliocentric</i>, as seen from the sun; as, the <i>geocentric</i> longitude or latitude of a planet.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>Having reference to the center of the earth.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Geocentric latitude</b></col><cd> (of place) the angle included between the radius of the earth through the place and the plane of the equator, in distinction from <i>geographic</i> latitude. It is a little less than the geographic latitude.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Ge`o*cen"tric*al*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a geocentric manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ge*oc"ro*nite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>ge`a</grk>, <grk>gh^</grk>, the earth + <grk>Kro`nos</grk> Saturn, the alchemistic name of lead: cf. G. <i>geokronit</i>.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>A lead-gray or grayish blue mineral with a metallic luster, consisting of sulphur, antimony, and lead, with a small proportion of arsenic.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ge`o*cyc"lic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>ge`a</grk>, <grk>gh^</grk>, the earth + <grk>ky`klos</grk> circle.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Of, pertaining to, or illustrating, the revolutions of the earth; as, a <i>geocyclic</i> machine.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Circling the earth periodically.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ge"ode</hw> (j&emacr;"&omacr;d), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>g&eacute;ode</i>, L. <i>geodes</i>, fr. Gr. &?; earthlike; <grk>ge`a</grk>, <grk>gh^</grk>, the earth + <grk>e'i^dos</grk> form.] <i>(Min.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A nodule of stone, containing a cavity, lined with crystals or mineral matter.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The cavity in such a nodule.</def></p>

<p><! p. 621 !></p>

<p><hw>Ge`o*deph"a*gous</hw> (j&emacr;`&osl;*d&ebreve;f"&adot;*g&ubreve;s), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>ge`a</grk>, <grk>gh^</grk>, earth + <grk>'adhfa`gos</grk> eating one's fill; gluttonous.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Living in the earth; — applied to the ground beetles.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Ge`o*des"ic</hw> (j&emacr;`&osl;*d&ebreve;s"&ibreve;k), <hw>Ge`o*des"ic*al</hw> (-&ibreve;*k<i>a</i>l), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>g&eacute;od&eacute;sique</i>.] <i>(Math.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to geodesy; geodetic.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ge`o*des"ic</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A geodetic line or curve.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ge*od"e*sist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One versed in geodesy.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ge*od"e*sy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;; <grk>ge`a</grk>, <grk>gh^</grk>, the earth + &?; to divide: cf. F. <i>g&eacute;od&eacute;sie</i>.] <i>(Math.)</i> <def>That branch of applied mathematics which determines, by means of observations and measurements, the figures and areas of large portions of the earth's surface, or the general figure and dimenshions of the earth; or that branch of surveying in which the curvature of the earth is taken into account, as in the surveys of States, or of long lines of coast.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Ge`o*det"ic</hw> (?), <hw>Ge`o*det"ic*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to geodesy; obtained or determined by the operations of geodesy; engaged in geodesy; geodesic; as, <i>geodetic</i> surveying; <i>geodetic</i> observers.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Geodetic line</b></col> or <col><b>curve</b></col>, <cd>the shortest line that can be drawn between two points on the elipsoidal surface of the earth; a curve drawn on any given surface so that the osculating plane of the curve at every point shall contain the normal to the surface; the minimum line that can be drawn on any surface between any two points.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Ge`o*det"ic*al*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a geodetic manner; according to geodesy.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ge`o*det"ics</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Geodesy</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ge`o*dif"er*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Geode</i> + <i>-ferous</i>.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>Producing geodes; containing geodes.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ge"o*duck</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [American Indian name.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A gigantic clam (<i>Glycimeris generosa</i>) of the Pacific coast of North America, highly valued as an article of food.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ge`og*no"sis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Geognosy</u>.] <def>Knowledge of the earth.</def> [R.] <i>G. Eliot.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ge"og*nost</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>g&eacute;ognoste</i>.] <def>One versed in geognosy; a geologist.</def> [R.]</p>

<p>{ <hw>Ge`og*nos"tic</hw> (?), <hw>Ge`og*nos"tic*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>g&eacute;ognostique</i>.] <def>Of or pertaining to geognosy, or to a knowledge of the structure of the earth; geological.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Ge*og"no*sy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>ge`a</grk>, <grk>gh^</grk>, the earth + <grk>gnw^sis</grk> knowing, knowledge, fr. <grk>gignw`skein</grk> to know: cf. F. <i>g&eacute;ognosie</i>.] <def>That part of geology which treats of the materials of the earth's structure, and its general exterior and interior constitution.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Ge`o*gon"ic</hw> (?), <hw>Ge`o*gon"ic*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>g&eacute;ogonique</i>.] <def>Of or pertaining to geogony, or to the formation of the earth.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ge*og"o*ny</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>ge`a</grk>, <grk>gh^</grk>, the earth + &?; generation, birth, fr. the root of &?; to be born: cf. F. <i>g&eacute;ogonie</i>.] <def>The branch of science which treats of the formation of the earth.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ge*og"ra*pher</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One versed in geography.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Ge`o*graph"ic</hw> (?), <hw>Ge`o*graph"ic*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>geographicus</i>, Gr. &?;: cf. F. <i>g&eacute;ographique</i>.] <def>Of or pertaining to geography.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Geographical distribution</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Distribution</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Geographic latitude</b></col><cd> (of a place), the angle included between a line perpendicular or normal to the level surface of water at rest at the place, and the plane of the equator; differing slightly from the geocentric latitude by reason of the difference between the earth's figure and a true sphere.</cd> — <col><b>Geographical mile</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Mile</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Geographical variation</b></col>, <cd>any variation of a species which is dependent on climate or other geographical conditions.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Ge`o*graph"ic*al*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a geographical manner or method; according to geography.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ge*og"ra*phy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Geographies</b></plw> (#). [F. <i>g&eacute;ographie</i>, l. <i>geographia</i>, fr. Gr. &?;; <grk>ge`a</grk>, <grk>gh^</grk>, the earth + &?; description, fr. &?; to write, describe. See <u>Graphic</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The science which treats of the world and its inhabitants; a description of the earth, or a portion of the earth, including its structure, features, products, political divisions, and the people by whom it is inhabited.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A treatise on this science.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Astronomical</b></col>, <col><b>or Mathematical</b></col>, <cd>geography treats of the earth as a planet, of its shape, its size, its lines of latitude and longitude, its zones, and the phenomena due to to the earth's diurnal and annual motions.</cd> — <col><b>Physical geography</b></col><cd> treats of the conformation of the earth's surface, of the distribution of land and water, of minerals, plants, animals, etc., and applies the principles of physics to the explanation of the diversities of climate, productions, etc.</cd> — <col><b>Political geography</b></col><cd> treats of the different countries into which earth is divided with regard to political and social and institutions and conditions.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Ge*ol"a*try</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>ge`a</grk>, <grk>gh^</grk>, the earth + &?; worship.] <def>The worship of the earth.</def> <i>G. W. Cox.</i></p>

<p><u>The Geological Series</u>. &fist; The science of geology, as treating of the history of the globe, involves a description of the different strata which compose its crust, their order of succession, characteristic forms of animal and vegetable life, etc. The principal subdivisions of geological time, and the most important strata, with their relative positions, are indicated in the following diagram. </p>

<p>{ <hw>Ge*ol"o*ger</hw> (?), <hw>Ge`o*lo"gi*an</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A geologist.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Ge`o*log"ic</hw> (?), <hw>Ge`o*log"ic*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>g&eacute;ologique</i>.] <def>Of or pertaining to geology, or the science of the earth.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ge`o*log"ic*al*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a geological manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ge*ol"o*gist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>G&eacute;ologiste</i>.] <def>One versed in the science of geology.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ge*ol"o*gize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Geologized</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Geologizing</u> (?).] <def>To study geology or make geological investigations in the field; to discourse as a geologist.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>During midsummer <i>geologized</i> a little in Shropshire.</blockquote> <i>Darwin.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ge*ol"o*gy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Geologies</b></plw> (#). [Gr. <grk>ge`a</grk>, <grk>gh^</grk>, the earth + <i>-logy</i>: cf. F. <i>g&eacute;ologie</i>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The science which treats: <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> Of the structure and mineral constitution of the globe; structural geology. <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> Of its history as regards rocks, minerals, rivers, valleys, mountains, climates, life, etc.; historical geology. <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> Of the causes and methods by which its structure, features, changes, and conditions have been produced; dynamical geology. See Chart of <u>The Geological Series</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A treatise on the science.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ge*om"a*lism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>ge`a</grk>, <grk>gh^</grk>, the earth + <grk>"omalismo`s</grk> a leveling.] <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>The tendency of an organism to respond, during its growth, to the force of gravitation.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ge"o*man`cer</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who practices, or is versed in, geomancy.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ge"o*man`cy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>geomance</i>, <i>geomancie</i>, F. <i>g&eacute;omance</i>, <i>g&eacute;omancie</i>, LL. <i>geomantia</i>, fr. Gr. <grk>ge`a</grk>, <grk>gh^</grk>, the earth + <grk>mantei`a</grk> divination.] <def>A kind of divination by means of figures or lines, formed by little dots or points, originally on the earth, and latterly on paper.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Ge`o*man"tic</hw> (?), <hw>Ge`o*man"tic*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>g&eacute;omantique</i>.] <def>Pertaining or belonging to geomancy.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ge*om"e*ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>g&eacute;om&egrave;tre</i>, L. <i>geometres</i>, <i>geometra</i>, fr. Gr. <grk>gewme`trhs</grk>, fr. <grk>ge`a</grk>, <grk>gh^</grk>, the earth + <grk>me`tron</grk> measure. See <u>Meter</u> measure.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One skilled in geometry; a geometrician; a mathematician.</def> <i>I. Watts.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any species of geometrid moth; a geometrid.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ge*om"e*tral</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>g&eacute;om&eacute;tral</i>.] <def>Pertaining to geometry.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p>{ <hw>Ge`o*met"ric</hw> (?), <hw>Ge`o*met"ric*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>geometricus</i>; Gr. &?;: cf. F. <i>g&eacute;om&eacute;trique</i>.] <def>Pertaining to, or according to the rules or principles of, geometry; determined by geometry; as, a <i>geometrical</i> solution of a problem.</def></p>

<p>&fist; <i>Geometric</i> is often used, as opposed to <i>algebraic</i>, to include processes or solutions in which the propositions or principles of geometry are made use of rather than those of algebra.</p>

<p>&fist; <i>Geometrical</i> is often used in a limited or strictly technical sense, as opposed to <i>mechanical</i>; thus, a construction or solution is <i>geometrical</i> which can be made by ruler and compasses, <i>i. e.</i>, by means of right lines and circles. Every construction or solution which requires any other curve, or such motion of a line or circle as would generate any other curve, is not <i>geometrical</i>, but <i>mechanical</i>. By another distinction, a <i>geometrical</i> solution is one obtained by the rules of geometry, or processes of analysis, and hence is exact; while a <i>mechanical</i> solution is one obtained by trial, by actual measurements, with instruments, etc., and is only approximate and empirical.</p>

<p><col><b>Geometrical curve</b></col>. <cd>Same as <i>Algebraic curve</i>; — so called because their different points may be constructed by the operations of elementary geometry.</cd> — <col><b>Geometric lathe</b></col>, <cd>an instrument for engraving bank notes, etc., with complicated patterns of interlacing lines; — called also <i>cycloidal engine</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Geometrical pace</b></col>, <cd>a measure of five feet.</cd> — <col><b>Geometric pen</b></col>, <cd>an instrument for drawing geometric curves, in which the movements of a pen or pencil attached to a revolving arm of adjustable length may be indefinitely varied by changing the toothed wheels which give motion to the arm.</cd> — <col><b>Geometrical plane</b></col> <i>(Persp.)</i>, <cd>the same as <i>Ground plane</i> .</cd> — <col><b>Geometrical progression</b></col>, <col><b>proportion</b></col>, <col><b>ratio</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Progression</u>, <u>Proportion</u> and <u>Ratio</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Geometrical radius</b></col>, <cd>in gearing, the radius of the pitch circle of a cogwheel.</cd> <i>Knight.</i> — <col><b>Geometric spider</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>one of many species of spiders, which spin a geometrical web. They mostly belong to <i>Epeira</i> and allied genera, as the garden spider. See <u>Garden spider</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Geometric square</b></col>, <cd>a portable instrument in the form of a square frame for ascertaining distances and heights by measuring angles.</cd> — <col><b>Geometrical staircase</b></col>, <cd>one in which the stairs are supported by the wall at one end only.</cd> — <col><b>Geometrical tracery</b></col>, <cd>in architecture and decoration, tracery arranged in geometrical figures.</cd></p>

<p><! p. 622 !></p>

<p><hw>Ge`o*met"ric*al*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>According to the rules or laws of geometry.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ge*om`e*tri"cian</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One skilled in geometry; a geometer; a mathematician.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ge*om"e*trid</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Pertaining or belonging to the <i>Geometrid&aelig;</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ge*om"e*trid</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of numerous genera and species of moths, of the family <i>Geometrid&aelig;</i>; — so called because their larv&aelig; (called <i>loopers</i>, <i>measuring worms</i>, <i>spanworms</i>, and <i>inchworms</i>) creep in a looping manner, as if measuring. Many of the species are injurious to agriculture, as the cankerworms.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ge*om"e*trize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Geometrized</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Geometrizing</u> (?).] <def>To investigate or apprehend geometrical quantities or laws; to make geometrical constructions; to proceed in accordance with the principles of geometry.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Nature <i>geometrizeth</i>, and observeth order in all things.</blockquote> <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ge*om"e*try</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Geometries</b></plw> (#) [F. <i>g&eacute;om&eacute;trie</i>, L. <i>geometria</i>, fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to measure land; <grk>ge`a</grk>, <grk>gh^</grk>, the earth + &?; to measure. So called because one of its earliest and most important applications was to the measurement of the earth's surface. See <u>Geometer</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>That branch of mathematics which investigates the relations, properties, and measurement of solids, surfaces, lines, and angles; the science which treats of the properties and relations of magnitudes; the science of the relations of space.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A treatise on this science.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Analytical, or Co&ouml;rdinate</b></col>, <col><b>geometry</b></col>, <cd>that branch of mathematical analysis which has for its object the analytical investigation of the relations and properties of geometrical magnitudes.</cd> — <col><b>Descriptive geometry</b></col>, <cd>that part of geometry which treats of the graphic solution of all problems involving three dimensions.</cd> — <col><b>Elementary geometry</b></col>, <cd>that part of geometry which treats of the simple properties of straight lines, circles, plane surface, solids bounded by plane surfaces, the sphere, the cylinder, and the right cone.</cd> — <col><b>Higher geometry</b></col>, <cd>that pert of geometry which treats of those properties of straight lines, circles, etc., which are less simple in their relations, and of curves and surfaces of the second and higher degrees.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Ge*oph"a*gism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>ge`a</grk>, <grk>gh^</grk>, earth + &?; to eat.] <def>The act or habit of eating earth. See <i>Dirt eating</i>, under <u>Dirt</u>.</def> <i>Dunglison.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ge*oph"a*gist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who eats earth, as dirt, clay, chalk, etc.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ge*oph"a*gous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Earth- eating.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Ge*oph"i*la</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., from Gr. <grk>ge`a</grk>, <grk>gh^</grk>, earth + &?; to love.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The division of Mollusca which includes the land snails and slugs.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Ge`o*pon"ic</hw> (?), <hw>Ge`o*pon"ic*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;; <grk>ge`a</grk>, <grk>gh^</grk>, earth + &?; toilsome, fr. &?; labor: cf. F. <i>g&eacute;oponique</i>.] <def>Pertaining to tillage of the earth, or agriculture.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ge`o*pon"ics</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;: cf. F. <i>g&eacute;oponique</i>.] <def>The art or science of cultivating the earth; agriculture.</def> <i>Evelin.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ge`o*ra"ma</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>ge`a</grk>, <grk>gh^</grk>, the earth + &?; sight, view, &?; to see, view: cf. F. <i>g&eacute;orama</i>.] <def>A hollow globe on the inner surface of which a map of the world is depicted, to be examined by one standing inside.</def></p>

<p><hw>Geor"die</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A name given by miners to <i>George</i> Stephenson's safety lamp.</def> <i>Raymond.</i></p>

<p><hw>George</hw> (j&ocirc;rj), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>George</i>, or <i>Georges</i>, a proper name, fr. Gr. <grk>gewrgo`s</grk> husbandman, laborer; <grk>ge`a</grk>, <grk>gh^</grk>, the earth + <grk>'e`rgein</grk> to work; akin to E. <i>work</i>. See <u>Work</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A figure of St. George (the patron saint of England) on horseback, appended to the collar of the Order of the Garter. See <u>Garter</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A kind of brown loaf.</def> [Obs.] <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>George" no`ble</hw> (?). [So called from the image of St. <i>George</i> on it.] <def>A gold noble of the time of Henry VIII. See <u>Noble</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></def></p>

<p><hw>Geor"gi*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Of or pertaining to Georgia, in Asia, or to Georgia, one of the United States.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Of or relating to the reigns of the four Georges, kings of Great Britan; as, the <i>Georgian</i> era.</def> </p>

<p><hw>Geor"gi*an</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A native of, or dweller in, Georgia.</def></p>

<p><hw>Geor"gic</hw> (-j&ibreve;k), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>georgicum</i> (sc. <i>carmen</i>), and <i>georgica</i>, pl., Gr. <grk>bi`blion gewrgiko`n</grk>, and <grk>ta~ gewrgika`</grk>: cf. F. <i>g&eacute;orgiques</i>, pl. See <u>Georgic</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <def>A rural poem; a poetical composition on husbandry, containing rules for cultivating lands, etc.; as, the <i>Georgics</i> of Virgil.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Geor"gic</hw> (j&ocirc;r"j&ibreve;k), <hw>Geor"gic*al</hw> (-j&ibreve;*k<i>a</i>l), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>georgicus</i>, Gr. <grk>gewrgiko`s</grk>, fr. <grk>gewrgi`a</grk> tillage, agriculture: cf. F. <i>g&eacute;orgique</i>. See <u>George</u>.] <def>Relating to agriculture and rural affairs.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Geor"gi*um Si`dus</hw> (?). [NL., the star of <i>George</i> (III. of England).] <i>(Astron.)</i> <def>The planet Uranus, so named by its discoverer, Sir W. Herschel.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ge*os"co*py</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>ge`a</grk>, <grk>gh^</grk>, the earth + <i>-scopy</i>: cf. F. <i>g&eacute;oscopie</i>.] <def>Knowledge of the earth, ground, or soil, obtained by inspection.</def> <i>Chambers.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ge`o*se*len"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>ge`a</grk>, <grk>gh^</grk>, the earth + &?; moon.] <def>Pertaining to the earth and moon; belonging to the joint action or mutual relations of the earth and moon; as, <i>geoselenic</i> phenomena.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ge`o*stat"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>ge`a</grk>, <grk>gh^</grk>, earth + E. <i>static</i>.] <i>(Civil Engin.)</i> <def>Relating to the pressure exerted by earth or similar substance.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Geostatic arch</b></col>, <cd>an arch having a form adapted to sustain pressure similar to that exerted by earth.</cd> <i>Rankine.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ge`o*syn*cli"nal</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>ge`a</grk>, <grk>gh^</grk>, the earth + E. <i>synclinal</i>.] <i>(Geol.)</i> <def>the downward bend or subsidence of the earth's crust, which allows of the gradual accumulation of sediment, and hence forms the first step in the making of a mountain range; — opposed to <i>geanticlinal</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ge`o*ther*mom"e*ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>ge`a</grk>, <grk>gh^</grk>, the earth + E. <i>thermometer</i>.] <i>(Physics)</i> <def>A thermometer specially constructed for measuring temperetures at a depth below the surface of the ground.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ge*ot"ic</hw> (?) <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>ge`a</grk>, <grk>gh^</grk>, the earth.] <def>Belonging to earth; terrestrial.</def> [Obs.] <i>Bailey.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ge`o*trop"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See <u>Geotropism</u>.] <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>Relating to, or showing, geotropism.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ge*ot"ro*pism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>ge`a</grk>, <grk>gh^</grk>, the earth + &?; to turn.] <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>A disposition to turn or incline towards the earth; the influence of gravity in determining the direction of growth of an organ.</def></p>

<p>&fist; In plants, organs which grow towards the center of the earth are said to be <i>positively geotropic</i>, and those growing in the opposite direction <i>negatively geotropic</i>. In animals, geotropism is supposed by some to have an influence either direct or indirect on the plane of division of the ovum.</p>

<p><hw>||Ge*phyr"e*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a dam, a bridge.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>An order of marine Annelida, in which the body is imperfectly, or not at all, annulated externally, and is mostly without set&aelig;.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ge*phyr"e*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Belonging to the Gephyrea. — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> One of the Gerphyrea.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ge*phyr"e*oid</hw> (?), <pos><i>a. & n.</i></pos> [<i>Gephyrea</i> + <i>-oid</i>.] <def>Gephyrean.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ge*pound"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Gipoun</u>.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Ge"rah</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Heb. <i>g&?;rah</i>, lit., a bean.] <i>(Jewish Antiq.)</i> <def>A small coin and weight; 1-20th of a shekel.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The silver gerah is supposed to have been worth about three cents; the gold about fifty-four cents; the weight equivalent to about thirteen grains.</p>

<p><hw>Ge*ra`ni*a"ceous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to a natural order of pants (<i>Geraniace&aelig;</i>) which includes the genera Geranium, Pelargonium, and many others.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Ge*ra"ni*ine</hw> (?), <hw>Ger"a*nine</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Geranium</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>A valuable astringent obtained from the root of the <i>Geranium maculatum</i> or crane's- bill.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A liquid terpene, obtained from the crane's-bill (<i>Geranium maculatum</i>), and having a peculiar mulberry odor.</def> [Written also <i>geraniin</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Ge*ra"ni*um</hw> (j&esl;*r&amacr;"n&ibreve;*&ubreve;m), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., fr. Gr. <grk>gera`nion</grk>, from <grk>ge`ranos</grk> crane: cf. F. <i>g&eacute;ranium</i>. See <u>Crane</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A genus of plants having a beaklike torus or receptacle, around which the seed capsules are arranged, and membranous projections, or stipules, at the joints. Most of the species have showy flowers and a pungent odor. Called sometimes <i>crane's-bill</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Floriculture)</i> <def>A cultivated pelargonium.</def></p>

<p>&fist; Many plants referred to the genus <i>Geranium</i> by the earlier botanists are now separated from it under the name of <i>Pelargonium</i>, which includes all the commonly cultivated "geraniums", mostly natives of South Africa.</p>

<p><hw>Ge"rant</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>g&eacute;rant</i>.] <def>The manager or acting partner of a company, joint-stock association, etc.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gerbe</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., prop. a sheaf.] <i>(Pyrotechny)</i> <def>A kind of ornamental firework.</def> <i>Farrow.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Ger"bil</hw> (j&etilde;r"b&ibreve;l), <hw>||Ger`bille"</hw> (zh&asl;r`b&esl;l"), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>gerbille</i>. Cf. <u>Jerboa</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of several species of small, jumping, murine rodents, of the genus <i>Gerbillus</i>. In their leaping powers they resemble the jerboa. They inhabit Africa, India, and Southern Europe.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ger*bo"a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The jerboa.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gere</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Gear.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ge"rent</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>gerens</i>, <i>p. pr.</i> of <i>gerere</i> to bear, manage.] <def>Bearing; carrying.</def> [Obs.] <i>Bailey.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ger"fal`con</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>See <u>Gyrfalcon</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ger"ful</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. OF. <i>girer</i> to twirl, E. <i>gyrate</i>.] <def>Changeable; capricious.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ger"land</hw> (?), <hw>Ger"lond</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A garland.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Ger"lind</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A salmon returning from the sea the second time.</def> [Prov. Eng.]</p>

<p><hw>Germ</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>germe</i>, fr. L. <i>germen</i>, <i>germinis</i>, sprout, but, germ. Cf. <u>Germen</u>, <u>Germane</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>That which is to develop a new individual; as, the <i>germ</i> of a fetus, of a plant or flower, and the like; the earliest form under which an organism appears.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>In the entire process in which a new being originates . . . two distinct classes of action participate; namely, the act of generation by which the <i>germ</i> is produced; and the act of development, by which that <i>germ</i> is evolved into the complete organism.</blockquote> <i>Carpenter.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>That from which anything springs; origin; first principle; as, the <i>germ</i> of civil liberty.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Disease germ</b></col> <i>(Biol.)</i>, <cd>a name applied to certain tiny bacterial organisms or their spores, such as <i>Anthrax bacillus</i> and the <i>Micrococcus</i> of fowl cholera, which have been demonstrated to be the cause of certain diseases. See <i>Germ theory</i> (below).</cd> — <col><b>Germ cell</b></col> <i>(Biol.)</i>, <cd>the germ, egg, spore, or cell from which the plant or animal arises. At one time a part of the body of the parent, it finally becomes detached,and by a process of multiplication and growth gives rise to a mass of cells, which ultimately form a new individual like the parent. See <u>Ovum</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Germ gland</b></col>. <i>(Anat.)</i> <cd>See <u>Gonad</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Germ stock</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a special process on which buds are developed in certain animals. See <u>Doliolum</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Germ theory</b></col> <i>(Biol.)</i>, <cd>the theory that living organisms can be produced only by the evolution or development of living germs or seeds. See <u>Biogenesis</u>, and <u>Abiogenesis</u>. As applied to the origin of disease, the theory claims that the zymotic diseases are due to the rapid development and multiplication of various bacteria, the germs or spores of which are either contained in the organism itself, or transferred through the air or water. See <i>Fermentation theory</i>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Germ</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To germinate.</def> [R.] <i>J. Morley.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ger*main"</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Obs.] <def>See <u>Germane</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ger"man</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [OE. <i>german</i>, <i>germain</i>, F. <i>germain</i>, fr. L. <i>germanus</i> full, own (said of brothers and sisters who have the same parents); akin to <i>germen</i> germ. Cf. <u>Germ</u>, <u>Germane</u>.] <def>Nearly related; closely akin.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Wert thou a leopard, thou wert <i>german</i> to the lion.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Brother german</b></col>. <cd>See <u>Brother german</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Cousins german</b></col>. <cd>See the Note under <u>Cousin</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Ger"man</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Germans</b></plw> (#) [L. <i>Germanus</i>, prob. of Celtis origin.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A native or one of the people of Germany.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The German language.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A round dance, often with a waltz movement, abounding in capriciosly involved figures.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A social party at which the german is danced.</def></p>

<p><col><b>High German</b></col>, <cd>the Teutonic dialect of Upper or Southern Germany, — comprising <i>Old High German</i>, used from the 8th to the 11th century; <i>Middle H. G</i>., from the 12th to the 15th century; and Modern or <i>New H. G</i>., the language of Luther's Bible version and of modern German literature. The dialects of Central Germany, the basis of the modern literary language, are often called <i>Middle German</i>, and the Southern German dialects <i>Upper German</i>; but <i>High German</i> is also used to cover both groups.</cd> — <col><b>Low German</b></col>, <cd>the language of Northern Germany and the Netherlands, — including <i>Friesic</i>; <i>Anglo-Saxon</i> or <i>Saxon</i>; <i>Old Saxon</i>; <i>Dutch</i> or <i>Low Dutch</i>, with its dialect, <i>Flemish</i>; and <i>Plattdeutsch</i> (called also <i>Low German</i>), spoken in many dialects.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Ger"man</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>Germanus</i>. See <u>German</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <def>Of or pertaining to Germany.</def></p>

<p><col><b>German Baptists</b></col>. <cd>See <u>Dunker</u>.</cd> — <col><b>German bit</b></col>, <cd>a wood-boring tool, having a long elliptical pod and a scew point.</cd> — <col><b>German carp</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the crucian carp.</cd> — <col><b>German millet</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>a kind of millet (<i>Setaria Italica</i>, var.), whose seed is sometimes used for food.</cd> — <col><b>German paste</b></col>, <cd>a prepared food for caged birds.</cd> — <col><b>German process</b></col> <i>(Metal.)</i>, <cd>the process of reducing copper ore in a blast furnace, after roasting, if necessary.</cd> <i>Raymond.</i> — <col><b>German sarsaparilla</b></col>, <cd>a substitute for sarsaparilla extract.</cd> — <col><b>German sausage</b></col>, <cd>a polony, or gut stuffed with meat partly cooked.</cd> — <col><b>German silver</b></col> <i>(Chem.)</i>, <cd>a silver-white alloy, hard and tough, but malleable and ductile, and quite permanent in the air. It contains nickel, copper, and zinc in varying proportions, and was originally made from old copper slag at Henneberg. A small amount of iron is sometimes added to make it whiter and harder. It is essentially identical with the Chinese alloy <i>packfong</i>. It was formerly much used for tableware, knife handles, frames, cases, bearings of machinery, etc., but is now largely superseded by other white alloys.</cd> — <col><b>German steel</b></col> <i>(Metal.)</i>, <cd>a metal made from bog iron ore in a forge, with charcoal for fuel.</cd> — <col><b>German text</b></col> <i>(Typog.)</i>, <cd>a character resembling modern German type, used in English printing for ornamental headings, etc., as in the words,</p>

<p>&fist; <germantype><point10>This line is German Text.</point10></germantype> </cd></p>

<p>— <col><b>German tinder</b></col>. <cd>See <u>Amadou</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Ger*man"der</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>germaunder</i>, F. <i>germandr&eacute;e</i>, It. <i>calamandrea</i>, L. <i>chamaedrys</i>, fr. Gr.&?;; &?; on the earth or ground + &?; tree. See <u>Humble</u>, and <u>Tree</u>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A plant of the genus <i>Teucrium</i> (esp. <i>Teucrium Cham&aelig;drys</i> or wall germander), mintlike herbs and low shrubs.</def></p>

<p><col><b>American germander</b></col>, <cd><i>Teucrium Canadense</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Germander chickweed</b></col>, <cd><i>Veronica agrestis</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Water germander</b></col>, <cd><i>Teucrium Scordium</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Wood germander</b></col>, <cd><i>Teucrium Scorodonia</i>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Ger*mane"</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See <u>German</u> akin, nearly related.] <def>Literally, near akin; hence, closely allied; appropriate or fitting; relevant.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The phrase would be more <i>germane</i> to the matter.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>[An amendment] must be <i>germane</i>.</blockquote> <i>Barclay (Digest).</i></p>

<p><hw>Ger*man"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Pertaining to, or containing, germanium.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ger*man"ic</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>Germanicus</i>: cf. F. <i>germanique</i>. See <u>German</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Of or pertaining to Germany; as, the <i>Germanic</i> confederacy.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Teutonic.</def> [A loose sense]</p>

<p><hw>Ger"man*ism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>germanisme</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>An idiom of the German language.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A characteristic of the Germans; a characteristic German mode, doctrine, etc.; rationalism.</def> <i>J. W. Alexander.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ger*ma"ni*um</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. L. <i>Germania</i> Germany.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A rare element, recently discovered (1885), in a silver ore (<i>argyrodite</i>) at Freiberg. It is a brittle, silver-white metal, chemically intermediate between the metals and nonmetals, resembles tin, and is in general identical with the predicted <i>ekasilicon</i>. Symbol Ge. Atomic weight 72.3.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ger`man*i*za"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The act of Germanizing.</def> <i>M. Arnold.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ger"man*ize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Germanized</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Germanizing</u> (?).] <def>To make German, or like what is distinctively German; as, to <i>Germanize</i> a province, a language, a society.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ger"man*ize</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To reason or write after the manner of the Germans.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Ger*ma"ri*um</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Germ</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>An organ in which the ova are developed in certain Turbellaria.</def></p>

<p><! p. 623 !></p>

<p><hw>Ger"men</hw> (j&etilde;r"m&ebreve;n), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> E. <plw><b>Germens</b></plw> (#), L. <plw><b>Germina</b></plw> (#). [L.] <def>See <u>Germ</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ger"mi*ci`dal</hw> (j&etilde;r"m&ibreve;*s&imacr;`d<i>a</i>l), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Germicide.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ger"mi*cide</hw> (j&etilde;r"m&ibreve;*s&imacr;d), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Germ</i> + L. <i>caedere</i> to kill.] <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>Destructive to germs; — applied to any agent which has a destructive action upon living germs, particularly bacteria, or bacterial germs, which are considered the cause of many infectious diseases.</def> — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A germicide agent.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ger"mi*nal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See <u>Germ</u>.] <def>Pertaining or belonging to a germ; as, the <i>germinal</i> vesicle.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Germinal layers</b></col> <i>(Biol.)</i>, <cd>the two layers of cells, the ectoblast and entoblast, which form respectively the outer covering and inner wall of the gastrula. A third layer of cells, the mesoblast, which is formed later and lies between these two, is sometimes included.</cd> — <col><b>Germinal membrane</b></col>. <i>(Biol.)</i> <cd>Same as <u>Blastoderm</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Germinal spot</b></col> <i>(Biol.)</i>, <cd>the nucleolus of the ovum.</cd> — <col><b>Germinal vesicle</b></col>, <i>(Biol.)</i> <cd>, the nucleus of the ovum of animals.</cd></p>

<p><hw>||Ger`mi*nal"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. See <u>Germ</u> .] <def>The seventh month of the French republican calendar [1792 — 1806]. It began March 21 and ended April 19. See <u>Vend&Eacute;miaire</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ger"mi*nant</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>germinans</i>, <i>p. pr.</i>] <def>Sprouting; sending forth germs or buds.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ger"mi*nate</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Germinated</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Germinating</u>.] [L. <i>germinatus</i>, p. p. of <i>germinare</i> to sprout, fr. <i>germen</i>. See <u>Germ</u>.] <def>To sprout; to bud; to shoot; to begin to vegetate, as a plant or its seed; to begin to develop, as a germ.</def> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ger"mi*nate</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To cause to sprout.</def> <i>Price (1610).</i></p>

<p><hw>Ger`mi*na"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>germinatio</i>: cf. F. <i>germination</i>.] <def>The process of germinating; the beginning of vegetation or growth in a seed or plant; the first development of germs, either animal or vegetable.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Germination apparatus</b></col>, <cd>an apparatus for malting grain.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Ger"mi*na*tive</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>germinatif</i>.] <def>Pertaining to germination; having power to bud or develop.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Germinative spot</b></col>, <col><b>Germinative vesicle</b></col>. <i>(Biol.)</i> <cd>Same as <i>Germinal spot</i>, <i>Germinal vesicle</i>, under <u>Germinal</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Ger`mi*par"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Germ</i> + L. <i>parere</i> to produce.] <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>Reproduction by means of germs.</def></p>

<p><hw>Germ"less</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Without germs.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ger"mo*gen</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Germ</i> + <i>- gen</i>.] <i>(Biol.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A polynuclear mass of protoplasm, not divided into separate cells, from which certain ova are developed.</def> <i>Balfour.</i> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The primitive cell in certain embryonic forms.</def> <i>Balfour.</i></p>

<p><hw>Germ" plasm`</hw> (?), <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>See <u>Plasmogen</u>, and <u>Idioplasm</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Germ"ule</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Dim. fr. <i>germ</i>.] <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>A small germ.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gern</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [See <u>Grin</u>.] <def>To grin or yawn.</def> [Obs.] "[/He] gaped like a gulf when he did <i>gern</i>." <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ger"ner</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A garner.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Ger`o*co"mi*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL.] <def>See <u>Gerocomy</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ger`o*com"ic*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pertaining to gerocomy.</def> <i>Dr. John Smith.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ge*roc"o*my</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>g&eacute;rocomie</i>, fr. Gr. &?; an old man + &?; to take care of.] <def>That part of medicine which treats of regimen for old people.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Ge*ron"tes</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, &?;.] <i>(Gr. Antiq.)</i> <def>Magistrates in Sparta, who with the ephori and kings, constituted the supreme civil authority.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ger`on*toc"ra*cy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;, &?;, an old man + &?; to rule.] <def>Government by old men.</def> [R.] <i>Gladstone.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Ger`o*pig"i*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Pg. <i>geropiga</i>.] <def>A mixture composed of unfermented grape juice, brandy, sugar, etc., for adulteration of wines.</def> [Written also <i>jerupigia</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>-ger*ous</hw> (?). [L. <i>-ger</i>, fr. <i>gerere</i> to bear, carry. See <u>Jest</u>.] <def>A suffix signifying <i>bearing</i>, <i>producing</i>; as, calci<i>gerous</i>; denti<i>gerous</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ger`ry*man"der</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Gerrymandered</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Gerrymandering</u>.] <def>To divide (a State) into districts for the choice of representatives, in an unnatural and unfair way, with a view to give a political party an advantage over its opponent.</def> [Political Cant, U. S.]</p>

<p>&fist; This was done in Massachusetts at a time when Elbridge <i>Gerry</i> was governor, and was attributed to his influence, hence the name; though it is now known that he was opposed to the measure. <i>Bartlett.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ger"und</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>gerundium</i>, fr. <i>gerere</i> to bear, carry, perform. See <u>Gest</u> a deed, <u>Jest</u>.] <i>(Lat. Gram.)</i></p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A kind of verbal noun, having only the four oblique cases of the singular number, and governing cases like a participle.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(AS. Gram.)</i> <def>A verbal noun ending in <i>-e</i>, preceded by <i>to</i> and usually denoting <i>purpose</i> or <i>end</i>; — called also the <i>dative infinitive</i>; as, "Ic h&aelig;bbe mete t&ocirc; <i>etanne</i>" (I have meat to <i>eat</i>.) In Modern English the name has been applied to verbal or participal nouns in <i>-ing</i> denoting a transitive action; <i>e. g.</i>, by <i>throwing</i> a stone.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ge*run"di*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pertaining to, or resembling, a gerund; as, a <i>gerundial</i> use.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ge*run"dive</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>gerundivus</i>.] <def>Pertaining to, or partaking of, the nature of the gerund; gerundial.</def> — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Lat. Gram.)</i> <def>The future passive participle; as, <i>amandus</i>, <i>i. e.</i>, to be loved.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ge*run"dive*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In the manner of a gerund; as, or in place of, a gerund.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ger"y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See <u>Gerful</u>.] <def>Changeable; fickle.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ges"ling</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A gosling.</def> [Prov. Eng.]</p>

<p><hw>Gesse</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t. & i.</i></pos> <def>To guess.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gest</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A guest.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gest</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>geste</i> exploit. See <u>Jest</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Something done or achieved; a deed or an action; an adventure.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>An action represented in sports, plays, or on the stage; show; ceremony.</def> [Obs.] <i>Mede.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A tale of achievements or adventures; a stock story.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer. Spenser.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Gesture; bearing; deportment.</def> [Archaic]</p>

<p><blockquote>Through his heroic grace and honorable <i>gest</i>.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gest</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. <u>Gist</u> a resting place.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A stage in traveling; a stop for rest or lodging in a journey or progress; a rest.</def> [Obs.] <i>Kersey.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A roll recting the several stages arranged for a royal progress. Many of them are extant in the herald's office.</def> [Obs.] <i>Hanmer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ges"tant</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>gestans</i>, <i>p. pr.</i> of <i>gestare</i>.] <def>Bearing within; laden; burdened; pregnant.</def> [R.] "Clouds <i>gestant</i> with heat." <i>Mrs. Browning.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ges*ta"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>gestatio</i> a bearing, carrying, fr. <i>gestare</i> to bear, carry, intens. fr. <i>gerere</i>, <i>gestum</i>, to bear: cf. F. <i>gestation</i>. See <u>Gest</u> deed, <u>Jest</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of wearing (clothes or ornaments).</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The act of carrying young in the womb from conception to delivery; pregnancy.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Exercise in which one is borne or carried, as on horseback, or in a carriage, without the exertion of his own powers; passive exercise.</def> <i>Dunglison.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ges"ta*to*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>gestatorius</i> that serves for carrying: cf. F. <i>gestatoire</i>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Pertaining to gestation or pregnancy.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Capable of being carried or worn.</def> [Obs. or R.]</p>

<p><hw>Geste</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To tell stories or gests.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Ges"tic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See <u>Gest</u> a deed, <u>Gesture</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Pertaining to deeds or feats of arms; legendary.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>And the gay grandsire, skilled in <i>gestic</i> lore.</blockquote> <i>Goldsmith.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Relating to bodily motion; consisting of gestures; — said especially with reference to dancing.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Carried away by the enthusiasm of the <i>gestic</i> art.</blockquote> <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ges*tic"u*late</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Gesticulated</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Gesticulating</u>.] [L. <i>gesticulatus</i>, p. p. of <i>gesticulari</i> to gesticulate, fr. <i>gesticulus</i> a mimic gesture, gesticulation, dim. of <i>gestus</i> gesture, fr. <i>gerere</i>, <i>gestum</i>, to bear, carry, peform. See <u>Gestic</u>.] <def>To make gestures or motions, as in speaking; to use postures.</def> <i>Sir T. Herbert.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ges*tic"u*late</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To represent by gesture; to act.</def> [R.] <i>B. Jonson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ges*tic`u*la"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>gesticulatio</i>: cf. F. <i>gesticulation</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of gesticulating, or making gestures to express passion or enforce sentiments.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A gesture; a motion of the body or limbs in speaking, or in representing action or passion, and enforcing arguments and sentiments.</def> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Antic tricks or motions.</def> <i>B. Jonson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ges*tic"u*la`tor</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L.] <def>One who gesticulates.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ges*tic"u*la*to*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Representing by, or belonging to, gestures.</def> <i>T. Warton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ges"tour</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Gest</u> a deed.] <def>A reciter of gests or legendary tales; a story- teller.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Minstrels and <i>gestours</i> for to tell tales.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ges"tur*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Relating to gesture.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ges"ture</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [LL. <i>gestura</i> mode of action, fr. L. <i>gerere</i>, <i>gestum</i>, to bear, behave, perform, act. See <u>Gest</u> a deed.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Manner of carrying the body; position of the body or limbs; posture.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Accubation, or lying down at meals, was a <i>gesture</i> used by many nations.</blockquote> <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A motion of the body or limbs expressive of sentiment or passion; any action or posture intended to express an idea or a passion, or to enforce or emphasize an argument, assertion, or opinion.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Humble and reverent <i>gestures</i>.</blockquote> <i>Hooker.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Grace was in all her steps, heaven in her eye,<BR> In every <i>gesture</i> dignity and love.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ges"ture</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Gestured</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Gesturing</u>.] <def>To accompany or illustrate with gesture or action; to gesticulate.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>It is not orderly read, nor <i>gestured</i> as beseemeth.</blockquote> <i>Hooker.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ges"ture</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To make gestures; to gesticulate.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The players . . . <i>gestured</i> not undecently withal.</blockquote> <i>Holland.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ges"ture*less</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Free from gestures.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ges"ture*ment</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Act of making gestures; gesturing.</def> [Obs.] <i>Bp. Hall.</i></p>

<p><hw>Get</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Jet, the mineral.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Get</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>get</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Fashion; manner; custom.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Artifice; contrivance.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Get</hw> (g&ebreve;t), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp.</i></pos> <u>Got</u> (g&obreve;t) (Obs. <u>Gat</u> (g&abreve;t)); <pos><i>p. p.</i></pos> <u>Got</u> (Obsolescent <u>Gotten</u> (g&obreve;t"t'n)); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Getting</u>.] [OE. <i>geten</i>, AS. <i>gitan</i>, <i>gietan</i> (in comp.); akin to Icel. <i>geta</i>, Goth. bi<i>gitan</i> to find, L. pre<i>hendere</i> to seize, take, Gr. <grk>chanda`nein</grk> to hold, contain. Cf. <u>Comprehend</u>, <u>Enterprise</u>, <u>Forget</u>, <u>Impregnable</u>, <u>Prehensile</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To procure; to obtain; to gain possession of; to acquire; to earn; to obtain as a price or reward; to come by; to win, by almost any means; as, to <i>get</i> favor by kindness; to <i>get</i> wealth by industry and economy; to <i>get</i> land by purchase, etc.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Hence, with <i>have</i> and <i>had</i>, to come into or be in possession of; to have.</def> <i>Johnson.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Thou hast <i>got</i> the face of man.</blockquote> <i>Herbert.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To beget; to procreate; to generate.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I had rather to adopt a child than <i>get</i> it.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To obtain mental possession of; to learn; to commit to memory; to memorize; as to <i>get</i> a lesson; also with <i>out</i>; as, to <i>get</i> out one's Greek lesson.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>It being harder with him to <i>get</i> one sermon by heart, than to pen twenty.</blockquote> <i>Bp. Fell.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>To prevail on; to induce; to persuade.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Get</i> him to say his prayers.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>To procure to be, or to cause to be in any state or condition; — with a following participle.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Those things I bid you do; <i>get</i> them dispatched.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <def>To betake; to remove; — in a reflexive use.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Get</i> thee out from this land.</blockquote> <i>Gen. xxxi. 13.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>He . . . <i>got</i> himself . . . to the strong town of Mega.</blockquote> <i>Knolles.</i></p>

<p>&fist; <i>Get</i>, as a transitive verb, is combined with adverbs implying motion, to express the causing to, or the effecting in, the object of the verb, of the kind of motion indicated by the preposition; thus, <i>to get in</i>, to cause to enter, to bring under shelter; as, <i>to get in</i> the hay; <i>to get out</i>, to make come forth, to extract; <i>to get off</i>, to take off, to remove; <i>to get together</i>, to cause to come together, to collect.</p>

<p><col><b>To get by heart</b></col>, <cd>to commit to memory.</cd> - - <col><b>To get the better of</b></col>, <col><b>To get the best of</b></col>, <cd>to obtain an advantage over; to surpass; to subdue.</cd> — <col><b>To get up</b></col>, <cd>to cause to be established or to exit; to prepare; to arrange; to construct; to invent; as, <i>to get up</i> a celebration, a machine, a book, an agitation.</cd></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — To obtain; gain; win; acquire. See <u>Obtain</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Get</hw> (g&ebreve;t), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To make acquisition; to gain; to profit; to receive accessions; to be increased.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>We mourn, France smiles; we lose, they daily <i>get</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To arrive at, or bring one's self into, a state, condition, or position; to come to be; to become; — with a following adjective or past participle belonging to the subject of the verb; as, to <i>get</i> sober; to <i>get</i> awake; to <i>get</i> beaten; to <i>get</i> elected.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>To <i>get</i> rid of fools and scoundrels.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>His chariot wheels <i>get</i> hot by driving fast.</blockquote> <i>Coleridge.</i></p>

<p>&fist; It [<i>get</i>] gives to the English language a middle voice, or a power of verbal expression which is neither active nor passive. Thus we say to <i>get</i> acquitted, beaten, confused, dressed. <i>Earle.</i></p>

<p>&fist; <i>Get</i>, as an intransitive verb, is used with a following preposition, or adverb of motion, to indicate, on the part of the subject of the act, movement or action of the kind signified by the preposition or adverb; or, in the general sense, to move, to stir, to make one's way, to advance, to arrive, etc.; as, <i>to get away</i>, to leave, to escape; to disengage one's self from; <i>to get down</i>, to descend, esp. with effort, as from a literal or figurative elevation; <i>to get along</i>, to make progress; hence, to prosper, succeed, or fare; <i>to get in</i>, to enter; <i>to get out</i>, to extricate one's self, to escape; <i>to get through</i>, to traverse; also, to finish, to be done; <i>to get to</i>, to arrive at, to reach; <i>to get off</i>, to alight, to descend from, to dismount; also, to escape, to come off clear; <i>to get together</i>, to assemble, to convene.</p>

<p><col><b>To get ahead</b></col>, <cd>to advance; to prosper.</cd> - - <col><b>To get along</b></col>, <cd>to proceed; to advance; to prosper.</cd> — <col><b>To get a mile</b></col><cd> (or other distance), to pass over it in traveling.</cd> — <col><b>To get among</b></col>, <cd>to go or come into the company of; to become one of a number.</cd> — <col><b>To get asleep</b></col>, <cd>to fall asleep.</cd> — <col><b>To get astray</b></col>, <cd>to wander out of the right way.</cd> — <col><b>To get at</b></col>, <cd>to reach; to make way to.</cd> <col><b>To get away with</b></col>, <cd>to carry off; to capture; hence, to get the better of; to defeat.</cd> — <col><b>To get back</b></col>, <cd>to arrive at the place from which one departed; to return.</cd> — <col><b>To get before</b></col>, <cd>to arrive in front, or more forward.</cd> — <col><b>To get behind</b></col>, <cd>to fall in the rear; to lag.</cd> — <col><b>To get between</b></col>, <cd>to arrive between.</cd> — <col><b>To get beyond</b></col>, <cd>to pass or go further than; to exceed; to surpass.</cd> "Three score and ten is the age of man, a few <i>get beyond</i> it." <i>Thackeray.</i> — <col><b>To get clear</b></col>, <cd>to disengage one's self; to be released, as from confinement, obligation, or burden; also, to be freed from danger or embarrassment.</cd> — <col><b>To get drunk</b></col>, <cd>to become intoxicated.</cd> — <col><b>To get forward</b></col>, <cd>to proceed; to advance; also, to prosper; to advance in wealth.</cd> — <col><b>To get home</b></col>, <cd>to arrive at one's dwelling, goal, or aim.</cd> — <col><b>To get into</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>To enter, as, "she prepared <i>to get into</i> the coach."</cd> <i>Dickens.</i> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>To pass into, or reach; as, " a language has <i>got into</i> the inflated state."</cd> <i>Keary.</i> — <col><b>To get</b></col> <col><b>loose or free</b></col>, <cd>to disengage one's self; to be released from confinement.</cd> — <col><b>To get near</b></col>, <cd>to approach within a small distance.</cd> — <col><b>To get on</b></col>, <cd>to proceed; to advance; to prosper.</cd> — <col><b>To get over</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>To pass over, surmount, or overcome, as an obstacle or difficulty.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>To recover from, as an injury, a calamity.</cd> — <col><b>To get through</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>To pass through something.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>To finish what one was doing.</cd> — <col><b>To get up</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>To rise; to arise, as from a bed, chair, etc.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>To ascend; to climb, as a hill, a tree, a flight of stairs, etc.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Get</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Offspring; progeny; as, the <i>get</i> of a stallion.</def></p>

<p><hw>Get"en</hw> (?), obs. <def><pos><i>p. p.</i></pos> of <u>Get</u>.</def> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Geth</hw> (?), <def>the original <pos><i>third pers. sing. pres.</i></pos> of <u>Go</u>.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Get"-pen`ny</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Something which gets or gains money; a successful affair.</def> [Colloq.] <i>Chapman.</i></p>

<p><hw>Get"ta*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>That may be obtained.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Get"ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who gets, gains, obtains, acquires, begets, or procreates.</def></p>

<p><hw>Get"ter*up`</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who contrives, makes, or arranges for, anything, as a book, a machine, etc.</def> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><blockquote>A diligent <i>getter-up</i> of miscellaneous works.</blockquote> <i>W. Irving.</i></p>

<p><hw>Get"ting</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of obtaining or acquiring; acquisition.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>With all thy <i>getting</i>, get understanding.</blockquote> <i>Prov. iv. 7.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>That which is got or obtained; gain; profit.</def></p>

<p><hw>Get"-up</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>General composition or structure; manner in which the parts of a thing are combined; make-up; style of dress, etc.</def> [Colloq.] <i>H. Kingsley.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gew"gaw</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>gigawe</i>, <i>gugawe</i>, <i>gewgaude</i>, prob. the same word as OE. <i>givegove</i> gewgaw, apparently a reduplicated form fr. AS. <i>gifan</i> to give; cf. also F. <i>joujou</i> plaything, and E. <i>gaud</i>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> See <u>Give</u>, and cf. <u>Giffgaff</u>.] <def>A showy trifle; a toy; a splendid plaything; a pretty but worthless bauble.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A heavy <i>gewgaw</i> called a crown.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gew"gaw</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Showy; unreal; pretentious.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Seeing his <i>gewgaw</i> castle shine.</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gey"ser</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Icel. <i>geysir</i>, fr. <i>geysa</i> to rush furiously, fr. <i>gj&omacr;sa</i> to gush. Cf. <u>Gush</u>.] <def>A boiling spring which throws forth at frequent intervals jets of water, mud, etc., driven up by the expansive power of steam.</def></p>

<p>&fist; <i>Geysers</i> were first known in Iceland, and later in New Zealand. In the Yellowstone region in the United States they are numerous, and some of them very powerful, throwing jets of boiling water and steam to a height of 200 feet. They are grouped in several areas called <i>geyser basins</i>. The mineral matter, or <i>geyserite</i>, with which geyser water is charged, forms <i>geyser cones</i> about the orifice, often of great size and beauty.</p>

<p><! p. 624 !></p>

<p><hw>Gey"ser*ite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From <u>Geyser</u>.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>A loose hydrated form of silica, a variety of opal, deposited in concretionary cauliflowerlike masses, around some hot springs and geysers.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Ghar"ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Hind. <i>g&amacr;&?;i</i>.] <def>Any wheeled cart or carriage.</def> [India]</p>

<p><hw>Ghast</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [OE. <i>gasten</i>. See <u>Ghastly</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <def>To strike aghast; to affright.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote><i>Ghasted</i> by the noise I made.<BR> Full suddenly he fled.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ghast"ful</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See <u>Ghastly</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <def>Fit to make one aghast; dismal.</def> [Obs.] — <wf>Ghast"ful*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Ghast"li*ness</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The state of being ghastly; a deathlike look.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ghast"ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<pos><i>Compar.</i></pos> <u>Ghastlier</u> (?); <pos><i>superl.</i></pos> <u>Ghastliest</u>.] [OE. <i>gastlich</i>, <i>gastli</i>, fearful, causing fear, fr. <i>gasten</i> to terrify, AS. <i>g&aelig;stan</i>. Cf. <u>Aghast</u>, <u>Gast</u>, <u>Gaze</u>, <u>Ghostly</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Like a ghost in appearance; deathlike; pale; pallid; dismal.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Each turned his face with a <i>ghastly</i> pang.</blockquote> <i>Coleridge.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>His face was so <i>ghastly</i> that it could scarcely be recognized.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Horrible; shocking; dreadful; hideous.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Mangled with <i>ghastly</i> wounds through plate and mail.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ghast"ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a ghastly manner; hideously.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Staring full <i>ghastly</i> like a strangled man.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ghast"ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Ghastliness.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>||Ghat</hw> <hw>Ghaut</hw> } (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Hind. <i>gh&amacr;t</i>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A pass through a mountain.</def> [India] <i>J. D. Hooker.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A range of mountains.</def> <i>Balfour (Cyc. of Ind. ).</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Stairs descending to a river; a landing place; a wharf.</def> [India] <i>Malcom.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Gha*wa"zi</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [Etymol. uncertain.] <def>Egyptian dancing girls, of a lower sort than the almeh.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Ghe"ber Ghe"bre</hw> } (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Pers. <i>ghebr</i>: cf. F. <i>Gu&egrave;bre</i>. Cf. <u>Giaour</u>.] <def>A worshiper of fire; a Zoroastrian; a Parsee.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ghee</hw> (g&emacr;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Hind. <i>gh&imacr;</i> clarified butter, Skr. <i>gh&rsdot;ta</i>.] <def>Butter clarified by boiling, and thus converted into a kind of oil.</def> [India] <i>Malcom.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gher"kin</hw> (g&etilde;r"k&ibreve;n), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [D. <i>agurkje</i>, a dim. akin to G. <i>gurke</i>, Dan. <i>agurke</i>; cf. Pol. <i>og&oacute;rek</i>, Bohem. <i>okurka</i>, LGr. <grk>'aggoy`rion</grk> watermelon, Ar. <i>al-khiy&amacr;r</i>, Per. <i>khiy&amacr;r</i>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A kind of small, prickly cucumber, much used for pickles.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>See <u>Sea gherkin</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ghess</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t. & i.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Guess</u>.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>||Ghet"to</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [It.] <def>The Jews'quarter in an Italian town or city.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I went to the <i>Ghetto</i>, where the Jews dwell.</blockquote> <i>Evelyn.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ghib"el*line</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [It. <i>Ghibellino</i>; of German origin.] <i>(It. Hist.)</i> <def>One of a faction in Italy, in the 12th and 13th centuries, which favored the German emperors, and opposed the Guelfs, or adherents of the poses.</def> <i>Brande & C.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ghole</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Ghoul</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ghost</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>gast</i>, <i>gost</i>, soul, spirit, AS. <i>g&amacr;st</i> breath, spirit, soul; akin to OS. <i>g&?;st</i> spirit, soul, D. <i>geest</i>, G. <i>geist</i>, and prob. to E. <i>gaze</i>, <i>ghastly</i>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The spirit; the soul of man.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Then gives her grieved <i>ghost</i> thus to lament.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The disembodied soul; the soul or spirit of a deceased person; a spirit appearing after death; an apparition; a specter.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The mighty <i>ghosts</i> of our great Harrys rose.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>I thought that I had died in sleep,<BR> And was a blessed <i>ghost</i>.</blockquote> <i>Coleridge.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Any faint shadowy semblance; an unsubstantial image; a phantom; a glimmering; as, not a <i>ghost</i> of a chance; the <i>ghost</i> of an idea.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Each separate dying ember wrought its <i>ghost</i> upon the floor.</blockquote> <i>Poe.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>A false image formed in a telescope by reflection from the surfaces of one or more lenses.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Ghost moth</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a large European moth <i>(Hepialus humuli)</i>; so called from the white color of the male, and the peculiar hovering flight; — called also <i>great swift</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Holy Ghost</b></col>, <cd>the Holy Spirit; the Paraclete; the Comforter; <i>(Theol.)</i> the third person in the Trinity.</cd> — <col><b>To</b></col> <col><b>give up or yield up</b></col> <col><b>the ghost</b></col>, <cd>to die; to expire.</cd></p>

<p><blockquote>And he <i>gave up the ghost</i> full softly.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Jacob . . . <i>yielded up the ghost</i>, and was gathered unto his people</blockquote>. <i>Gen. xlix. 33.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ghost</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To die; to expire.</def> [Obs.] <i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ghost</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To appear to or haunt in the form of an apparition.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ghost"fish`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A pale unspotted variety of the wrymouth.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ghost"less</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Without life or spirit.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Ghost"like`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Like a ghost; ghastly.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ghost"li*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality of being ghostly.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ghost"ly</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [OE. <i>gastlich</i>, <i>gostlich</i>, AS. <i>g&amacr;stlic</i>. See <u>Ghost</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Relating to the soul; not carnal or secular; spiritual; as, a <i>ghostly</i> confessor.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Save and defend us from our <i>ghostly</i> enemies.</blockquote> <i>Book of Common Prayer [Ch. of Eng. ]</i></p>

<p><blockquote>One of the <i>gostly</i> children of St. Jerome.</blockquote> <i>Jer. Taylor.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Of or pertaining to apparitions.</def> <i>Akenside.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ghost"ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>Spiritually; mystically.</def> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ghost*ol"o*gy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Ghost lore.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>It seemed even more unaccountable than if it had been a thing of <i>ghostology</i> and witchcraft.</blockquote> <i>Hawthorne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ghoul</hw> (g&oomac;l), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Per. <i>gh&omacr;l</i> an imaginary sylvan demon, supposed to devour men and animals: cf. Ar. <i>gh&umacr;l</i>, F. <i>goule</i>.] <def>An imaginary evil being among Eastern nations, which was supposed to feed upon human bodies.</def> [Written also <i>ghole</i> .] <i>Moore.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ghoul"ish</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Characteristic of a ghoul; vampirelike; hyenalike.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ghyll</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A ravine. See <u>Gill</u> a woody glen.</def> [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] <i>Wordsworth.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Gial`lo*li"no</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [It., from <i>giallo</i> yellow, prob. fr. OHG. <i>gelo</i>, G. <i>gelb</i>; akin to E. <i>yellow</i>.] <def>A term variously employed by early writers on art, though commonly designating the yellow oxide of lead, or massicot.</def> <i>Fairholt.</i></p>

<p><hw>Giam"beux</hw> (zh&adot;m"b&usdot;), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [See <u>Jambeux</u>.] <def>Greaves; armor for the legs.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gi"ant</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>giant</i>, <i>geant</i>, <i>geaunt</i>, OF. <i>jaiant</i>, <i>geant</i>, F. <i>g&eacute;ant</i>, L. <i>gigas</i>, fr. Gr. &?;, &?;, from the root of E. <i>gender</i>, <i>genesis</i>. See <u>Gender</u>, and cf. <u>Gigantic</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A man of extraordinari bulk and stature.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Giants</i> of mighty bone and bold emprise.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A person of extraordinary strength or powers, bodily or intellectual.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Any animal, plant, or thing, of extraordinary size or power.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Giant's Causeway</b></col>, <cd>a vast collection of basaltic pillars, in the county of Antrim on the northern coast of Ireland.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Gi"ant</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Like a giant; extraordinary in size, strength, or power; as, <i>giant</i> brothers; a <i>giant</i> son.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Giant cell</b></col>. <i>(Anat.)</i> <cd>See <u>Myeloplax</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Giant clam</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a bivalve shell of the genus <i>Tridacna</i>, esp. <i>T. gigas</i>, which sometimes weighs 500 pounds. The shells are sometimes used in churches to contain holy water.</cd> — <col><b>Giant heron</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a very large African heron (<i>Ardeomega goliath</i>). It is the largest heron known.</cd> — <col><b>Giant kettle</b></col>, <cd>a pothole of very large dimensions, as found in Norway in connection with glaciers. See <u>Pothole</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Giant powder</b></col>. <cd>See <u>Nitroglycerin</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Giant puffball</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>a fungus (<i>Lycoperdon giganteum</i>), edible when young, and when dried used for stanching wounds.</cd> — <col><b>Giant salamander</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a very large aquatic salamander (<i>Megalobatrachus maximus</i>), found in Japan. It is the largest of living Amphibia, becoming a yard long.</cd> — <col><b>Giant squid</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>one of several species of very large squids, belonging to <i>Architeuthis</i> and allied genera. Some are over forty feet long.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Gi"ant*ess</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A woman of extraordinary size.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gi"ant*ize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>g&eacute;antiser</i>.] <def>To play the giant.</def> [R.] <i>Sherwood.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gi"ant*ly</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Appropriate to a giant.</def> [Obs.] <i>Usher.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gi"ant*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The race of giants.</def> [R.] <i>Cotgrave.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gi"ant*ship</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The state, personality, or character, of a giant; — a compellation for a giant.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>His <i>giantship</i> is gone somewhat crestfallen</blockquote>. <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Giaour</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Turk. <i>giaur</i> an infidel, Per. <i>gawr</i>, another form of <i>ghebr</i> fire worshiper. Cf. <u>Kaffir</u>, <u>Gheber</u> .] <def>An infidel; — a term applied by Turks to disbelievers in the Mohammedan religion, especially Christrians.</def> <i>Byron.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gib</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Abbreviated fr. <i>Gilbert</i>, the name of the cat in the old story of "Reynard the Fox". in the "Romaunt of the Rose", etc.] <def>A male cat; a tomcat.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Gib</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To act like a cat.</def> [Obs.] <i>Beau. & Fl.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gib</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Etymol. uncertain.] <def>A piece or slip of metal or wood, notched or otherwise, in a machine or structure, to hold other parts in place or bind them together, or to afford a bearing surface; — usually held or adjusted by means of a wedge, key, or screw.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Gib and key</b></col>, or <col><b>Gib and cotter</b></col> <i>(Steam Engine)</i>, <cd>the fixed wedge or <i>gib</i>, and the driving wedge,<i>key</i>, or <i>cotter</i>, used for tightening the strap which holds the brasses at the end of a connecting rod.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Gib</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Gibbed</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Gibbing</u>.] <def>To secure or fasten with a gib, or gibs; to provide with a gib, or gibs.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Gibbed lathe</b></col>, <cd>an engine lathe in which the tool carriage is held down to the bed by a gib instead of by a weight.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Gib</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To balk. See <u>Jib</u>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos></def> <i>Youatt.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gib*bar"tas</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. Ar. <i>jebb&amacr;r</i> giant; or L. <i>gibber</i> humpbacked: cf. F. <i>gibbar</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of several finback whales of the North Atlantic; — called also <i>Jupiter whale</i>.</def> [Written also <i>jubartas</i>, <i>gubertas</i>, <i>dubertus</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Gib"ber</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From <u>Gib</u> to balk.] <def>A balky horse.</def> <i>Youatt.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gib"ber</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Gibbered</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Gibbering</u>.] [Akin to <i>jabber</i>, and <i>gabble</i>.] <def>To speak rapidly and inarticulately.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gib"ber*ish</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From <u>Gibber</u>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos>] <def>Rapid and inarticulate talk; unintelligible language; unmeaning words; jargon.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He, like a gypsy, oftentimes would go;<BR> All kinds of <i>gibberish</i> he had learnt to know.</blockquote> <i>Drayton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Such <i>gibberish</i> as children may be heard amusing themselves with.</blockquote> <i>Hawthorne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gib"ber*ish</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Unmeaning; as, <i>gibberish</i> language.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gib"bet</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>gibet</i>, F. <i>gibet</i>, in OF. also club, fr. LL. <i>gibetum</i>;; cf. OF. <i>gibe</i> sort of sickle or hook, It. <i>giubbetto</i> gibbet, and <i>giubbetta</i>, dim. of <i>giubba</i> mane, also, an under waistcoat, doublet, Prov. It. <i>gibba</i> (cf. <u>Jupon</u>); so that it perhaps originally signified a halter, a rope round the neck of malefactors; or it is, perhaps, derived fr. L. <i>gibbus</i> hunched, humped, E. <i>gibbous</i>; or cf. E. <i>jib</i> a sail.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A kind of gallows; an upright post with an arm projecting from the top, on which, formerly, malefactors were hanged in chains, and their bodies allowed to remain as a warning.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The projecting arm of a crane, from which the load is suspended; the jib.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gib"bet</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Gibbeted</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Gibbeting</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To hang and expose on a gibbet.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To expose to infamy; to blacken.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I'll <i>gibbet</i> up his name.</blockquote> <i>Oldham.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gib"bier</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>gibier</i>.] <def>Wild fowl; game.</def> [Obs.] <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gib"bon</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>gibbon</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any arboreal ape of the genus <i>Hylobates</i>, of which many species and varieties inhabit the East Indies and Southern Asia. They are tailless and without cheek pouches, and have very long arms, adapted for climbing.</def></p>

<p> &fist; The white-handed gibbon (<i>Hylobates lar</i>), the crowned (<i>H. pilatus</i>), the wou-wou or singing gibbon (<i>H. agilis</i>), the siamang, and the hoolock. are the most common species.</p>

<p><hw>Gib" boom`</hw> (?). <def>See <u>Jib boom</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gib*bose"</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>gibbosus</i>, fr. <i>gibbus</i>, <i>gibba</i>, hunch, hump. Cf. <u>Gibbous</u>.] <def>Humped; protuberant; — said of a surface which presents one or more large elevations.</def> <i>Brande & C.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gib*bost"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>gibbosit&eacute;</i>.] <def>The state of being gibbous or gibbose; gibbousness.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gib"bous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>gibbeux</i>. See <u>Gibbose</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Swelling by a regular curve or surface; protuberant; convex; as, the moon is <i>gibbous</i> between the half- moon and the full moon.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The bones will rise, and make a <i>gibbous</i> member.</blockquote> <i>Wiseman.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Hunched; hump-backed.</def> [Obs.] <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p>— <wf>Gib"bous*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Gib"bous*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Gibbs"ite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Named after George <i>Gibbs</i>.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>A hydrate of alumina.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gib"-cat`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A male cat, esp. an old one. See lst <u>Gib</u>. <pos><i>n.</i></pos></def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gibe</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Gibed</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Gibing</u>.] [Cf. Prov. F. <i>giber</i>, equiv. to F. <i>jouer</i> to play, Icel. <i>geipa</i> to talk nonsense, E. <i>jabber</i>.] <def>To cast reproaches and sneering expressions; to rail; to utter taunting, sarcastic words; to flout; to fleer; to scoff.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Fleer and <i>gibe</i>, and laugh and flout.</blockquote> <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gibe</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To reproach with contemptuous words; to deride; to scoff at; to mock.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Draw the beasts as I describe them,<BR> From their features, while I <i>gibe</i> them.</blockquote> <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gibe</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>An expression of sarcastic scorn; a sarcastic jest; a scoff; a taunt; a sneer.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Mark the fleers, the <i>gibes</i>, and notable scorns.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>With solemn <i>gibe</i> did Eustace banter me.</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Gib"el</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [G. <i>gibel</i>, <i>giebel</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A kind of carp (<i>Cyprinus gibelio</i>); — called also <i>Prussian carp</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gib"er</hw> (?) <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who utters gibes.</def> <i>B. Jonson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gib"fish`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The male of the salmon.</def> [Prov. Eng.] <i>Wright.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gib"ing*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a gibing manner; scornfully.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gib"let</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Made of giblets; as, a <i>giblet</i> pie.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gib"lets</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [OE. <i>gibelet</i>, OF. <i>gibelet</i> game: cf. F. <i>gibelotte</i> stewed rabbit. Cf. <u>Gibbier</u>.] <def>The inmeats, or edible viscera (heart, gizzard, liver, etc.), of poultry.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gib"staff`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Prov. E. <i>gib</i> a hooked stick + E. <i>staff</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A staff to guage water, or to push a boat.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A staff formerly used in fighting beasts on the stage.</def> [Obs.] <i>Bailey.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gid</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. <u>Giddy</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <def>A disease of sheep, characterized by vertigo; the staggers. It is caused by the presence of the C&?;nurus, a larval tapeworm, in the brain. See <u>C&?;nurus</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gid"di*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a giddy manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gid"di*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality or state of being giddy.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gid"dy</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<pos><i>Compar.</i></pos> <u>Giddier</u> (?); <pos><i>superl.</i></pos> <u>Giddiest</u>.] [OE. <i>gidi</i> mad, silly, AS. <i>gidig</i>, of unknown origin, cf. Norw. <i>gidda</i> to shake, tremble.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Having in the head a sensation of whirling or reeling about; having lost the power of preserving the balance of the body, and therefore wavering and inclined to fall; lightheaded; dizzy.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>By <i>giddy</i> head and staggering legs betrayed.</blockquote> <i>Tate.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Promoting or inducing giddiness; as, a <i>giddy</i> height; a <i>giddy</i> precipice.</def> <i>Prior.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Upon the <i>giddy</i> footing of the hatches.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Bewildering on account of rapid turning; running round with celerity; gyratory; whirling.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>giddy</i> motion of the whirling mill.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Characterized by inconstancy; unstable; changeable; fickle; wild; thoughtless; heedless.</def> "<i>Giddy</i>, foolish hours." <i>Rowe.</i> "<i>Giddy</i> chance." <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Young heads are <i>giddy</i> and young hearts are warm.</blockquote> <i>Cowper.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gid"dy</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To reel; to whirl.</def> <i>Chapman.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gid"dy</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To make dizzy or unsteady.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Gid"dy-head`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A person without thought fulness, prudence, or judgment.</def> [Colloq.] <i>Burton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gid"dy-head`ed</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Thoughtless; unsteady.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gid"dy-paced`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Moving irregularly; flighty; fickle.</def> [R.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gie</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To guide. See <u>Gye</u> .</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gie</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To give.</def> [Scot.] <i>Burns.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gier"-ea`gle</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. D. <i>gier</i> vulture, G. <i>gier</i>, and E. <i>gyrfalcon</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A bird referred to in the Bible (<i>Lev. xi. 18</i>and <i>Deut. xiv. 17</i>) as unclean, probably the Egyptian vulture (<i>Neophron percnopterus</i>).</def></p>

<p><hw>Gier"-fal`con</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. <u>Gier- eagle</u>, <u>Gyrfalcon</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The gyrfalcon.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gie"seck*ite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Named after Karl <i>Giesecke</i>.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>A mineral occurring in greenish gray six-sided prisms, having a greasy luster. It is probably a pseudomorph after el&aelig;olite.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gif</hw> (?), <pos><i>conj.</i></pos> [AS. See <u>If</u>.] <def>If.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p>&fist; <i>Gif</i> is the old form of <i>if</i>, and frequently occurs in the earlier English writers. See <u>If</u>.</p>

<p><! p. 625 !></p>

<p><hw>Gif"fard in*ject"or</hw> (?). <i>(Mach.)</i> <def>See under <u>Injector</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Giff"gaff</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Reduplicated fr. <i>give</i>.] <def>Mutual accommodation; mutual giving.</def> [Scot.]</p>

<p><hw>Gif"fy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Obs.] <def>See <u>Jiffy</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gift</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>gift</i>, <i>yift</i>, <i>yeft</i>, AS. <i>gift</i>, fr. <i>gifan</i> to give; akin to D. & G. <i>gift</i>, Icel. <i>gift</i>, <i>gipt</i>, Goth. <i>gifts</i> (in comp.). See <u>Give</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Anything given; anything voluntarily transferred by one person to another without compensation; a present; an offering.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Shall I receive by <i>gift</i>, what of my own, . . .<BR> I can command ?</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The act, right, or power of giving or bestowing; as, the office is in the <i>gift</i> of the President.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A bribe; anything given to corrupt.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Neither take a <i>gift</i>, for a <i>gift</i> doth blind the eyes of the wise.</blockquote> <i>Deut. xvi. 19.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Some quality or endowment given to man by God; a pre&euml;minent and special talent or aptitude; power; faculty; as, the <i>gift</i> of wit; a <i>gift</i> for speaking.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <i>(Law)</i> <def>A voluntary transfer of real or personal property, without any consideration. It can be perfected only by deed, or in case of personal property, by an actual delivery of possession.</def> <i>Bouvier. Burrill.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Gift rope</b></col> <i>(Naut)</i>, <cd>a rope extended to a boat for towing it; a guest rope.</cd></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Present; donation; grant; largess; benefaction; boon; bounty; gratuity; endowment; talent; faculty. — <u>Gift</u>, <u>Present</u>, <u>Donation</u>. These words, as here compared, denote something gratuitously imparted to another out of one's property. A <i>gift</i> is something given whether by a superior or an inferior, and is usually designed for the relief or benefit of him who receives it. A <i>present</i> is ordinarly from an equal or inferior, and is always intended as a compliment or expression of kindness. <i>Donation</i> is a word of more dignity, denoting, properly, a gift of considerable value, and ordinarly a gift made either to some public institution, or to an individual on account of his services to the public; as, a <i>donation</i> to a hospital, a charitable society, or a minister.</p>

<p><hw>Gift</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Gifted</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Gifting</u>.] <def>To endow with some power or faculty.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He was <i>gifted</i> . . . with philosophical sagacity.</blockquote> <i>I. Taylor.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gift"ed*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The state of being gifted.</def> <i>Echard.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gig</hw> (j&ibreve;g <i>or</i> g&ibreve;g), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. OF. <i>gigue</i>. See <u>Jig</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <def>A fiddle.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Gig</hw> (g&ibreve;g), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [Prob. fr. L. <i>gignere</i> to beget.] <def>To engender.</def> [Obs.] <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gig</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A kind of spear or harpoon. See <u>Fishgig</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gig</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To fish with a gig.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gig</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>gigge</i>. Cf. <u>Giglot</u>.] <def>A playful or wanton girl; a giglot.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gig</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. Icel. <i>g&imacr;gja</i> fiddle, MHG. <i>g&imacr;ge</i>, G. <i>geige</i>, Icel. <i>geiga</i> to take a wrong direction, rove at random, and E. <i>jig</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A top or whirligig; any little thing that is whirled round in play.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Thou disputest like an infant; go, whip thy <i>gig</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A light carriage, with one pair of wheels, drawn by one horse; a kind of chaise.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>A long, light rowboat, generally clinkerbuilt, and designed to be fast; a boat appropriated to the use of the commanding officer; as, the captain's <i>gig</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Mach.)</i> <def>A rotatory cylinder, covered with wire teeth or teasels, for teaseling woolen cloth.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Gig machine</b></col>, <col><b>Gigging machine</b></col>, <col><b>Gig mill</b></col>, or <col><b>Napping machine</b></col>. <cd>See <u>Gig</u>, 4.</cd> — <col><b>Gig saw</b></col>. <cd>See <u>Jig saw</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Gi`gan*te"an</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>giganteus</i>, fr. <i>gigas</i>, <i>antis</i>. See <u>Giant</u>.] <def>Like a giant; mighty; gigantic.</def> [Obs.] <i>Dr. H. More.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gi`gan*tesque"</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [F.] <def>Befitting a giant; bombastic; magniloquent.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The sort of mock-heroic <i>gigantesque</i><BR> With which we bantered little Lilia first.</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gi*gan"tic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>gigas</i>, <i>-antis</i>, giant. See <u>Giant</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Of extraordinary size; like a giant.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Such as a giant might use, make, or cause; immense; tremendous; extraordinarly; as, <i>gigantic</i> deeds; <i>gigantic</i> wickedness.</def> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>When descends on the Atlantic<BR> The <i>gigantic</i><BR> Strom wind of the equinox.</blockquote> <i>Longfellow.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gi*gan"tic*al</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Bulky, big.</def> [Obs.] <i>Burton.</i> — <wf>Gi*gan"tic*al*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Gi*gan"ti*cide</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [. <i>gigas</i>, <i>-antis</i>, giant + <i>caedere</i> to kill.] <def>The act of killing, or one who kills, a giant.</def> <i>Hallam.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gi*gan"tine</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Gigantic.</def> [Obs.] <i>Bullokar.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gi`gan*tol"og*y</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;, &?;, giant + <i>-logy</i>: cf. F. <i>gigantologie</i>.] <def>An account or description of giants.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gi`gan*tom"a*chy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>gigantomachia</i>, fr. Gr. &?;; &?;, &?;, giant + &?; battle: cf. F. <i>gigantomachie</i>.] <def>A war of giants; especially, the fabulous war of the giants against heaven.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gige</hw> (g&ibreve;j <i>or</i> g&emacr;j), <hw>Guige</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>guide</i>, <i>guiche</i>.] <i>(Anc. Armor)</i> <def>The leather strap by which the shield of a knight was slung across the shoulder, or across the neck and shoulder.</def> <i>Meyrick (Ancient Armor).</i></p>

<p><hw>||Gi*ge"ri*um</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Gigeria</b></plw> (#). [NL., fr. L. <i>gigeria</i>, pl., the cooked entrails of poultry.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>The muscular stomach, or gizzard, of birds.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gig"get</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Gigot</u>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Cut the slaves to <i>giggets</i>.</blockquote> <i>Beau. & Fl.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gig"gle</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Giggled</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Giggling</u> (?).] [Akin to <i>gaggle</i>: cf. OD. <i>ghichelen</i>, G. <i>kichern</i>.] <def>To laugh with short catches of the breath or voice; to laugh in a light, affected, or silly manner; to titter with childish levity.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Giggling</i> and laughing with all their might<BR> At the piteous hap of the fairy wight.</blockquote> <i>J. R. Drake.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gig"gle</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A kind of laugh, with short catches of the voice or breath; a light, silly laugh.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gig"gler</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who giggles or titters.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gig"gly</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Prone to giggling.</def> <i>Carlyle.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gig"got</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Gigot</u>.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chapman.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gig"gyng</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Gige</u>.] <def>The act of fastending the gige or leather strap to the shield.</def> [Obs.] "<i>Gigging</i> of shields." <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Gig"lot</hw> (?), <hw>Gig"let</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. Icel. <i>gikkr</i> a pert, rude person, Dan. <i>giek</i> a fool, silly man, AS. <i>gagol</i>, <i>g&aelig;gl</i>, lascivious, wanton, MHG. <i>gogel</i> wanton, <i>giege</i> fool, and E. <i>gig</i> a wanton person.] <def>A wanton; a lascivious or light, giddy girl.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>giglet</i> is willful, and is running upon her fate.</blockquote> <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gig"lot</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Giddi; light; inconstant; wanton.</def> [Obs.] "O <i>giglot</i> fortune!" <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gig"ot</hw>, <hw>Gig"got</hw> (&?;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., fr. OF. <i>gigue</i> fiddle; — on account of the resemblance in shape. See <u>Jig</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A leg of mutton.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A small piece of flesh; a slice.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>The rest in <i>giggots</i> cut, they spit.</blockquote> <i>Chapman.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gi"la mon"ster</hw> (?). <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A large tuberculated lizard (<i>Heloderma suspectum</i>) native of the dry plains of Arizona, New Mexico, etc. It is the only lizard known to have venomous teeth.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gild</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Gilded</u> or <u>Gilt</u> (&?;); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Gilding</u>.] [AS. <i>gyldan</i>, from <i>gold</i> gold. &radic;234. See <u>Gold</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To overlay with a thin covering of gold; to cover with a golden color; to cause to look like gold.</def> "<i>Gilded</i> chariots." <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>No more the rising sun shall <i>gild</i> the morn.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To make attractive; to adorn; to brighten.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Let oft good humor, mild and gay,<BR> <i>Gild</i> the calm evening of your day.</blockquote> <i>Trumbull.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To give a fair but deceptive outward appearance to; to embellish; as, to <i>gild</i> a lie.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To make red with drinking.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>This grand liquior that hath <i>gilded</i> them.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gild"ale`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>gilgan</i> to pay + E. <i>ale</i>. See <u>Yield</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>, and <u>Ale</u>.] <def>A drinking bout in which every one pays an equal share.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Gild"en</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Gilded.</def> <i>Holland.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gild"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who gilds; one whose occupation is to overlay with gold.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gil"der</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A Dutch coin. See <u>Guilder</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gild"ing</hw> (g&ibreve;ld"&ibreve;ng), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The art or practice of overlaying or covering with gold leaf; also, a thin coating or wash of gold, or of that which resembles gold.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Gold in leaf, powder, or liquid, for application to any surface.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Any superficial coating or appearance, as opposed to what is solid and genuine.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Gilding metal</b></col>, <cd>a tough kind of sheet brass from which cartridge shells are made.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Gile</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Guile</u>.] <def>Guile.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gill</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Dan. <i>gi&aelig;lle</i>, <i>gelle</i>; akin to Sw. <i>g&auml;l</i>, Icel. <i>gj&ouml;lnar</i> gills; cf. AS. <i>geagl</i>, <i>geahl</i>, jaw.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>An organ for aquatic respiration; a branchia.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Fishes perform respiration under water by the <i>gills</i>.</blockquote> <i>Ray.</i></p>

<p>&fist; <i>Gills</i> are usually lamellar or filamentous appendages, through which the blood circulates, and in which it is exposed to the action of the air contained in the water. In vertebrates they are appendages of the visceral arches on either side of the neck. In invertebrates they occupy various situations.</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>pl.</i> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The radiating, gill-shaped plates forming the under surface of a mushroom.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The fleshy flap that hangs below the beak of a fowl; a wattle.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>The flesh under or about the chin.</def> <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <i>(Spinning)</i> <def>One of the combs of closely ranged steel pins which divide the ribbons of flax fiber or wool into fewer parallel filaments.</def> [Prob. so called from F. <i>aiguilles</i>, needles. <i>Ure.</i>]</p>

<p><col><b>Gill arches</b></col>, <col><b>Gill bars</b></col>. <i>(Anat.)</i> <cd>Same as <i>Branchial arches</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Gill clefts</b></col>. <i>(Anat.)</i> <cd>Same as <i>Branchial clefts</i>. See under <u>Branchial</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Gill cover</b></col>, <col><b>Gill lid</b></col>. <cd>See <u>Operculum</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Gill frame</b></col>, or <col><b>Gill head</b></col> <i>(Flax Manuf.)</i>, <cd>a spreader; a machine for subjecting flax to the action of gills.</cd> <i>Knight.</i> — <col><b>Gill net</b></col>, <cd>a flat net so suspended in the water that its meshes allow the heads of fish to pass, but catch in the gills when they seek to extricate themselves.</cd> — <col><b>Gill opening</b></col>, or <col><b>Gill slit</b></col> <i>(Anat.)</i>, <cd>an opening behind and below the head of most fishes, and some amphibians, by which the water from the gills is discharged. In most fishes there is a single opening on each side, but in the sharks and rays there are five, or more, on each side.</cd> — <col><b>Gill rakes</b></col>, or <col><b>Gill rakers</b></col> <i>(Anat.)</i>, <cd>horny filaments, or progresses, on the inside of the branchial arches of fishes, which help to prevent solid substances from being carried into gill cavities.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Gill</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Etymol. uncertain.] <def>A two-wheeled frame for transporting timber.</def> [Prov. Eng.]</p>

<p><hw>Gill</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A leech.</def> [Also <i>gell</i>.] [Scot.] <i>Jameison.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gill</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Icel. <i>gil</i>.] <def>A woody glen; a narrow valley containing a stream.</def> [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]</p>

<p><hw>Gill</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>gille</i>, <i>gelle</i>, a sort of measure for wine, LL. <i>gillo</i>, <i>gello</i>., Cf. <u>Gallon</u>.] <def>A measure of capacity, containing one fourth of a pint.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gill</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Abbrev. from <i>Gillian</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A young woman; a sweetheart; a flirting or wanton girl.</def> "Each Jack with his <i>Gill</i>." <i>B. Jonson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The ground ivy (<i>Nepeta Glechoma</i>); — called also <i>gill over the ground</i>, and other like names.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Malt liquor medicated with ground ivy.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Gill ale</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>Ale flavored with ground ivy.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <i>(Bot.)</i> <cd>Alehoof.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Gill"-flirt`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A thoughtless, giddy girl; a flirt-gill.</def> <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gill"house`</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A shop where gill is sold.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Thee shall each alehouse, thee each <i>gillhouse</i> mourn.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gil"li*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>Gillian</i>, a woman's name, for <i>Julian</i>, <i>Juliana</i>. Cf. <u>Gill</u> a girl.] <def>A girl; esp., a wanton; a gill.</def> [Obs.] <i>Beau. & Fl.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Gil"lie Gil"ly</hw> } (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gael. <i>gille</i>, <i>giolla</i>, boy, lad.] <def>A boy or young man; a manservant; a male attendant, in the Scottish Highlands.</def> <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gil"ly*flow`er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>gilofre</i>, <i>gilofer</i>, clove, OF. <i>girofre</i>, <i>girofle</i>, F. <i>girofle</i>: cf. F. <i>girofl&eacute;e</i> gillyflower, fr. <i>girofle</i>, Gr. &?; clove tree; &?; nut + &?; leaf, akin to E. <i>foliage</i>. Cf. <u>Caryophyllus</u>, <u>July- flower</u>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A name given by old writers to the clove pink (<i>Dianthus Caryophyllus</i>) but now to the common stock (<i>Matthiola incana</i>), a cruciferous plant with showy and fragrant blossoms, usually purplish, but often pink or white.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A kind of apple, of a roundish conical shape, purplish red color, and having a large core.</def></p>

<p>[Written also <i>gilliflower</i>.]</p>

<p><col><b>Clove gillyflower</b></col>, <cd>the clove pink.</cd> — <col><b>Marsh gillyflower</b></col>, <cd>the ragged robin (<i>Lychnis Flos-cuculi</i>).</cd> — <col><b>Queen's, or Winter</b></col>, <col><b>gillyflower</b></col>, <cd>damewort.</cd> — <col><b>Sea gillyflower</b></col>, <cd>the thrift (<i>Armeria vulgaris</i>).</cd> — <col><b>Wall gillyflower</b></col>, <cd>the wallflower (<i>Cheiranthus Cheiri</i>).</cd> — <col><b>Water gillyflower</b></col>, <cd>the water violet.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Gil"our</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF.] <def>A guiler; deceiver.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Gilse</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [W. <i>gleisiad</i>, fr. <i>glas</i> blue.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>See <u>Grilse</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gilt</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Geld</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A female pig, when young.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gilt</hw>, <def><pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> of <u>Gild</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gilt</hw>, <pos><i>p. p. & a.</i></pos> <def>Gilded; covered with gold; of the color of gold; golden yellow.</def> "<i>Gilt</i> hair" <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gilt</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Gold, or that which resembles gold, laid on the surface of a thing; gilding.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Money.</def> [Obs.] "The <i>gilt</i> of France." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Gilt"-edge`</hw> (?), <hw>Gilt"-edged`</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Having a gilt edge; as, <i>gilt-edged</i> paper.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Of the best quality; — said of negotiable paper, etc.</def> [Slang, U. S.]</p>

<p><hw>Gilt"head`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A marine fish.</def> The name is applied to two species: <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The <i>Pagrus, or Chrysophrys, auratus</i>, a valuable food fish common in the Mediterranean (so named from its golden-colored head); — called also <i>giltpoll</i>.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The <i>Crenilabrus melops</i>, of the British coasts; — called also <i>golden maid</i>, <i>conner</i>, <i>sea partridge</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gilt"if</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [For <i>gilti</i>, by confusion with <i>-if</i>, <i>-ive</i>, in French forms. See <u>Guilty</u>.] <def>Guilty.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gilt"tail`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A yellow-tailed worm or larva.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gim</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. <u>Gimp</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <def>Neat; spruce.</def> [Prov.]</p>

<p><hw>Gim"bal</hw> (?), or <hw>Gim"bals</hw> (&?;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Gimmal</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <def>A contrivance for permitting a body to incline freely in all directions, or for suspending anything, as a barometer, ship's compass, chronometer, etc., so that it will remain plumb, or level, when its support is tipped, as by the rolling of a ship. It consists of a ring in which the body can turn on an axis through a diameter of the ring, while the ring itself is so pivoted to its support that it can turn about a diameter at right angles to the first.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Gimbal joint</b></col> <i>(Mach.)</i>, <cd>a universal joint embodying the principle of the gimbal.</cd> — <col><b>Gimbal ring</b></col>, <cd>a single gimbal, as that by which the cockeye of the upper millstone is supported on the spindle.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Gim"blet</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. & v.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Gimlet</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gim"crack`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE., a spruce and pert pretender, also, a spruce girl, prob. fr. <i>gim + crack</i> lad, boaster.] <def>A trivial mechanism; a device; a toy; a pretty thing.</def> <i>Arbuthnot.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gim"let</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Also written and pronounced <i>gimbled</i> (&?;)] [OF. <i>guimbelet</i>, <i>guibelet</i>, F. <i>gibelet</i>, prob. fr. OD. <i>wimpel</i>, <i>weme</i>, a bore, <i>wemelen</i> to bore, to wimble. See <u>Wimble</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <def>A small tool for boring holes. It has a leading screw, a grooved body, and a cross handle.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Gimlet eye</b></col>, <cd>a squint-eye.</cd> [Colloq.] <i>Wright.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gim"let</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Gimleted</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Gimleting</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To pierce or make with a gimlet.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>To turn round (an anchor) by the stock, with a motion like turning a gimlet.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gim"mal</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Prob. the same word as <i>gemel</i>. See <u>Gemel</u>, and cf. <u>Gimbal</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Joined work whose parts move within each other; a pair or series of interlocked rings.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A quaint piece of machinery; a gimmer.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Gim"mal</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Made or consisting of interlocked rings or links; as, <i>gimmal</i> mail.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>In their pale dull mouths the <i>gimmal</i> bit<BR> Lies foul with chewed grass.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Gimmal joint</b></col>. <cd>See <i>Gimbal joint</i>, under <u>Gimbal</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Gim"mer</hw>, <hw>Gim"mor</hw> (&?;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. <u>Gimmal</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <def>A piece of mechanism; mechanical device or contrivance; a gimcrack.</def> [Obs.] <i>Bp. Hall.</i> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><! p. 626 !></p>

<p><hw>Gimp</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [W. <i>gwymp</i> fair, neat, comely.] <def>Smart; spruce; trim; nice.</def> [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]</p>

<p><hw>Gimp</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>guimpe</i>, <i>guimple</i>, a nun's wimple, F. <i>guimpe</i>, OHG. <i>wimpal</i> a veil G. <i>wimpel</i> pennon, pendant. See <u>Wimple</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <def>A narrow ornamental fabric of silk, woolen, or cotton, often with a metallic wire, or sometimes a coarse cord, running through it; — used as trimming for dresses, furniture, etc.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Gimp nail, an upholsterer's small nail.</blockquote></p>

<p><hw>Gimp</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To notch; to indent; to jag.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gin</hw> (?), <pos><i>prep.</i></pos> [AS. <i>ge</i>&aacute;<pos><i>n.</i></pos> See <u>Again</u>.] <def>Against; near by; towards; as, <i>gin</i> night.</def> [Scot.] <i>A. Ross (1778).</i></p>

<p><hw>Gin</hw>, <pos><i>conj.</i></pos> [See <u>Gin</u>, <i>prep</i>.] <def>If.</def> [Scotch] <i>Jamieson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gin</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Gan</u> (?), <u>Gon</u> (&?;), or <u>Gun</u> (&?;); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Ginning</u>.] [OE. <i>ginnen</i>, AS. <i>ginnan</i> (in comp.), prob. orig., to open, cut open, cf. OHG. in<i>ginnan</i> to begin, open, cut open, and prob. akin to AS. <i>g&imacr;nan</i> to yawn, and E. <i>yawn</i>. &?; See <u>Yawn</u>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos>, and cf. <u>Begin</u>.] <def>To begin; — often followed by an infinitive without <i>to</i>; as, <i>gan</i> tell. See <u>Gan</u>.</def> [Obs. or Archaic] "He <i>gan</i> to pray." <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gin</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Contr. from <i>Geneva</i>. See 2d <u>Geneva</u>.] <def>A strong alcoholic liquor, distilled from rye and barley, and flavored with juniper berries; — also called <i>Hollands</i> and <i>Holland gin</i>, because originally, and still very extensively, manufactured in Holland. Common gin is usually flavored with turpentine.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gin</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [A contraction of <i>engine</i>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Contrivance; artifice; a trap; a snare.</def> <i>Chaucer. Spenser.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A machine for raising or moving heavy weights, consisting of a tripod formed of poles united at the top, with a windlass, pulleys, ropes, etc.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <i>(Mining)</i> <def>A hoisting drum, usually vertical; a whim.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A machine for separating the seeds from cotton; a cotton gin.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The name is also given to an instrument of torture worked with screws, and to a pump moved by rotary sails.</p>

<p><col><b>Gin block</b></col>, <cd>a simple form of tackle block, having one wheel, over which a rope runs; — called also <i>whip gin</i>, <i>rubbish pulley</i>, and <i>monkey wheel</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Gin power</b></col>, <cd>a form of horse power for driving a cotton gin.</cd> — <col><b>Gin race</b></col>, or <col><b>Gin ring</b></col>, <cd>the path of the horse when putting a gin in motion.</cd> <i>Halliwell.</i> — <col><b>Gin saw</b></col>, <cd>a saw used in a cotton gin for drawing the fibers through the grid, leaving the seed in the hopper.</cd> — <col><b>Gin wheel</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>In a cotton gin, a wheel for drawing the fiber through the grid; a brush wheel to clean away the lint.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <i>(Mining)</i> <cd>the drum of a whim.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Gin</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Ginned</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Ginning</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To catch in a trap.</def> [Obs.] <i>Beau. & Fl.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To clear of seeds by a machine; as, to <i>gin</i> cotton.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ging</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Gang</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, 2.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>There is a knot, a <i>ging</i>, a pack, a conspiracy against me.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gin*gal"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Jingal</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gin"ger</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>ginger</i>, <i>gingever</i>, <i>gingivere</i>, OF. <i>gengibre</i>, <i>gingimbre</i>, F. <i>gingembre</i>, L. <i>zingiber</i>, <i>zingiberi</i>, fr. Gr. &?;; of Oriental origin; cf. Ar. & Pers. <i>zenjeb&imacr;l</i>, fr. Skr. <i>&?;&?;&?;gav&euml;ra</i>, prop., hornshaped; <i>&?;&?;&?;ga</i> horn + <i>v&euml;ra</i> body.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A plant of the genus <i>Zingiber</i>, of the East and West Indies. The species most known is <i>Z. officinale</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The hot and spicy rootstock of <i>Zingiber officinale</i>, which is much used in cookery and in medicine.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Ginger</b></col> <col><b>beer or ale</b></col>, <cd>a mild beer impregnated with ginger.</cd> — <col><b>Ginger cordial</b></col>, <cd>a liquor made from ginger, raisins, lemon rind, and water, and sometimes whisky or brandy.</cd> — <col><b>Ginger pop</b></col>. <cd>See <i>Ginger beer</i> (above).</cd> — <col><b>Ginger wine</b></col>, <cd>wine impregnated with ginger.</cd> — <col><b>Wild ginger</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>an American herb (<i>Asarum Canadense</i>) with two reniform leaves and a long, cordlike rootstock which has a strong taste of ginger.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Gin"ger*bread`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A kind of plain sweet cake seasoned with ginger, and sometimes made in fanciful shapes.</def> "<i>Gingerbread</i> that was full fine." <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Gingerbread tree</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>the doom palm; — so called from the resemblance of its fruit to gingerbread. See <u>Doom Palm</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Gingerbread work</b></col>, <cd>ornamentation, in architecture or decoration, of a fantastic, trivial, or tawdry character.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Gin"ger*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> [Prov. E. <i>ginger</i> brittle, tender; cf. dial. Sw. <i>gingla</i>, <i>g&auml;ngla</i>, to go gently, totter, akin to E. <i>gang</i>.] <def>Cautiously; timidly; fastidiously; daintily.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>What is't that you took up so <i>gingerly</i> ?</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gin"ger*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Cautiousness; tenderness.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ging"ham</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>guingan</i>; cf. Jav. <i>ginggang</i>; <i>or perh</i>. <i>fr</i>. <i>Guingamp</i>, in France.] <def>A kind of cotton or linen cloth, usually in stripes or checks, the yarn of which is dyed before it is woven; — distinguished from printed cotton or prints.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ging"ing</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Mining)</i> <def>The lining of a mine shaft with stones or bricks to prevent caving.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gin"gi*val</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>gingiva</i> the gum.] <def>Of or pertaining to the gums.</def> <i>Holder.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gin"gle</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. & v.</i></pos> [Obs.] <def>See <u>Jingle</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gin"gly*form</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Ginglymoid.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Gin`gly*mo"di</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL.; cf. Gr. &?; ginglymoid. See <u>Ginglymoid</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>An order of ganoid fishes, including the modern gar pikes and many allied fossil forms. They have rhombic, ganoid scales, a heterocercal tail, paired fins without an axis, fulcra on the fins, and a bony skeleton, with the vertebr&aelig; convex in front and concave behind, forming a ball and socket joint. See <u>Ganoidel</u>.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Gin"gly*moid</hw> (?), <hw>Gin`gly*moid"al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;; &?; ginglymus + &?; form: cf. F. <i>ginglymoide</i>, <i>ginglymo&iuml;dal</i>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Pertaining to, or resembling, a ginglymus, or hinge joint; ginglyform.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Gin"gly*mus</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Ginglymi</b></plw> (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a hingelike joint, a ball and socket joint.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>A hinge joint; an articulation, admitting of flexion and extension, or motion in two directions only, as the elbow and the ankle.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gin"house`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A building where cotton is ginned.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gink"go</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Ginkgoes</b></plw> (#). [Chin., silver fruit.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A large ornamental tree (<i>Ginkgo biloba</i>) from China and Japan, belonging to the Yew suborder of <i>Conifer&aelig;</i>. Its leaves are so like those of some maidenhair ferns, that it is also called the <i>maidenhair tree</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gin"nee</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Ginn</b></plw> (&?;). <def>See <u>Jinnee</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gin"net</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Genet</u>, a horse.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gin"ning</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Gin</u>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos>] <def>Beginning.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gin"ny-car`riage</hw> (&?;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A small, strong carriage for conveying materials on a railroad.</def> [Eng.]</p>

<p><hw>Gin"seng</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Chinese.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A plant of the genus <i>Aralia</i>, the root of which is highly valued as a medicine among the Chinese. The Chinese plant (<i>Aralia Schinseng</i>) has become so rare that the American (<i>A. quinquefolia</i>) has largely taken its place, and its root is now an article of export from America to China. The root, when dry, is of a yellowish white color, with a sweetness in the taste somewhat resembling that of licorice, combined with a slight aromatic bitterness.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gin"shop`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A shop or barroom where gin is sold as a beverage.</def> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><hw>Gip</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To take out the entrails of (herrings).</def></p>

<p><hw>Gip</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A servant. See <u>Gyp</u>.</def> <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gi*poun"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Jupon</u>.] <def>A short cassock.</def> [Written also <i>gepoun</i>, <i>gypoun</i>, <i>jupon</i>, <i>juppon</i>.] [Obs.]</p>

<p>{ <hw>Gip"ser</hw> (?), <hw>Gip"sire</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>gibeci&egrave;re</i> a game pouch or game pocket. Cf. <u>Gibbier</u>.] <def>A kind of pouch formerly worn at the girdle.</def> <i>Ld. Lytton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>A <i>gipser</i> all of silk,<BR> Hung at his girdle, white as morn&eacute; milk.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gip"sy</hw> (j&ibreve;p"s&ybreve;), <pos><i>n. & a.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Gypsy</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gip"sy*ism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Gypsyism</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gi*raffe"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>girafe</i>, Sp. <i>girafa</i>, from Ar. <i>zur&amacr;fa</i>, <i>zar&amacr;fa</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>An African ruminant (<i>Camelopardalis giraffa</i>) related to the deers and antelopes, but placed in a family by itself; the camelopard. It is the tallest of animals, being sometimes twenty feet from the hoofs to the top of the head. Its neck is very long, and its fore legs are much longer than its hind legs.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gir"an*dole</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. See <u>Gyrate</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>An ornamental branched candlestick.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A flower stand, fountain, or the like, of branching form.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Pyrotechny)</i> <def>A kind of revolving firework.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Fort.)</i> <def>A series of chambers in defensive mines.</def> <i>Farrow.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Gir"a*sole</hw> <hw>Gir"a*sol</hw> } (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [It. <i>girasole</i>, or F. <i>girasol</i>, fr. L. <i>gyrare</i> to turn around + <i>sol</i> sun.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>See <u>Heliotrope</u>.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Min.)</i> <def>A variety of opal which is usually milk white, bluish white, or sky blue; but in a bright light it reflects a reddish color.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gird</hw> (g&etilde;rd), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Yard</u> a measure.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A stroke with a rod or switch; a severe spasm; a twinge; a pang.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Conscience . . . is freed from many fearful <i>girds</i> and twinges which the atheist feels.</blockquote> <i>Tillotson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A cut; a sarcastic remark; a gibe; a sneer.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I thank thee for that <i>gird</i>, good Tranio.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gird</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [See <u>Gird</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, and cf. <u>Girde</u>, <pos><i>v.</i></pos>]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To strike; to smite.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>To slay him and to <i>girden</i> off his head.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To sneer at; to mock; to gibe.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Being moved, he will not spare to <i>gird</i> the gods.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gird</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To gibe; to sneer; to break a scornful jest; to utter severe sarcasms.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Men of all sorts take a pride to <i>gird</i> at me.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gird</hw> (g&etilde;rd), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Girt</u> (?) or <u>Girded</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Girding</u>.] [OE. <i>girden</i>, <i>gurden</i>, AS. <i>gyrdan</i>; akin to OS. <i>gurdian</i>, D. <i>gorden</i>, OHG. <i>gurten</i>, G. <i>g&uuml;rten</i>, Icel. <i>gyr&eth;a</i>, Sw. <i>gjorda</i>, Dan. <i>giorde</i>, Goth. <i>biga&iacute;rdan</i> to begird, and prob. to E. <i>yard</i> an inclosure. Cf. <u>Girth</u>, <pos><i>n. & v.</i></pos>, <u>Girt</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To encircle or bind with any flexible band.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To make fast, as clothing, by binding with a cord, girdle, bandage, etc.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To surround; to encircle, or encompass.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>That Nyseian isle,<BR> <i>Girt</i> with the River Triton.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To clothe; to swathe; to invest.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I <i>girded</i> thee about with fine linen.</blockquote> <i>Ezek. xvi. 10.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The Son . . . appeared<BR> <i>Girt</i> with omnipotence.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>To prepare; to make ready; to equip; as, to <i>gird</i> one's self for a contest.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Thou hast <i>girded</i> me with strength.</blockquote> <i>Ps. xviii. 39.</i></p>

<p><col><b>To gird on</b></col>, <cd>to put on; to fasten around or to one securely, like a girdle; as, <i>to gird on</i> armor or a sword.</cd></p>

<p><blockquote>Let not him that <i>girdeth on</i> his harness boast himself as he that putteth it off.</blockquote> <i>1 Kings xx. 11.</i></p>

<p>— <col><b>To gird up</b></col>, <cd>to bind tightly with a girdle; to support and strengthen, as with a girdle.</cd></p>

<p><blockquote>He <i>girded up</i> his loins, and ran before Ahab.</blockquote> <i>1 Kings xviii. 46.</i></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Gird up</i> the loins of your mind.</blockquote> <i>1 Pet. i. 13.</i></p>

<p>— <col><b>Girt up</b></col>; prepared or equipped, as for a journey or for work, in allusion to the ancient custom of gathering the long flowing garments into the girdle and tightening it before any exertion; hence, adjectively, eagerly or constantly active; strenuous; striving. "A severer, more <i>girt-up</i> way of living." <i>J. C. Shairp.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gird"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From <u>Gird</u> to sneer at.] <def>One who girds; a satirist.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gird"er</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From <u>Gird</u> to encircle.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who, or that which, girds.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Arch. & Engin.)</i> <def>A main beam; a stright, horizontal beam to span an opening or carry weight, such as ends of floor beams, etc.; hence, a framed or built-up member discharging the same office, technically called a <i>compound girder</i>. See <i>Illusts</i>. of <u>Frame</u>, and <i>Doubleframed floor</i>, under <u>Double</u>.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Bowstring girder</b></col>, <col><b>Box girder</b></col>, <cd>etc. See under <u>Bowstring</u>, <u>Box</u>, etc.</cd> — <col><b>Girder bridge</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Bridge</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Lattice girder</b></col>, <cd>a girder consisting of longitudinal bars united by diagonal crossing bars.</cd> — <col><b>Half-lattice girder</b></col>, <cd>a girder consisting of horizontal upper and lower bars connected by a series of diagonal bars sloping alternately in opposite directions so as to divide the space between the bars into a series of triangles.</cd> <i>Knight.</i> — <col><b>Sandwich girder</b></col>, <cd>a girder consisting of two parallel wooden beams, between which is an iron plate, the whole clamped together by iron bolts.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Gird"ing</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>That with which one is girded; a girdle.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Instead of a stomacher, a <i>girding</i> of sackcloth.</blockquote> <i>Is. iii. 24.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gir"dle</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A griddle.</def> [Scot. & Prov. Eng.]</p>

<p><hw>Gir"dle</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>gurdel</i>, <i>girdel</i>, AS. <i>gyrdel</i>, fr. <i>gyrdan</i>; akin to D. <i>gordel</i>, G. <i>g&uuml;rtel</i>, Icel. <i>gyr&?;ill</i>. See <u>Gird</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>, to encircle, and cf. <u>Girth</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>That which girds, encircles, or incloses; a circumference; a belt; esp., a belt, sash, or article of dress encircling the body usually at the waist; a cestus.</def></p>

<p><blockquote> Within the <i>girdle</i> of these walls.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Their breasts girded with golden <i>girdles</i>.</blockquote> <i>Rev. xv. 6.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The zodiac; also, the equator.</def> [Poetic] <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>From the world's <i>girdle</i> to the frozen pole.</blockquote> <i>Cowper.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>That gems the starry <i>girdle</i> of the year.</blockquote> <i>Campbell.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Jewelry)</i> <def>The line ofgreatest circumference of a brilliant-cut diamond, at which it is grasped by the setting. See <i>Illust.</i> of <u>Brilliant</u>.</def> <i>Knight.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Mining)</i> <def>A thin bed or stratum of stone.</def> <i>Raymond.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The clitellus of an earthworm.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Girdle bone</b></col> <i>(Anat.)</i>, <cd>the sphenethmoid. See under <u>Sphenethmoid</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Girdle wheel</b></col>, <cd>a spinning wheel.</cd> — <col><b>Sea girdle</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a ctenophore. See <i>Venus's girdle</i>, under <u>Venus</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Shoulder</b></col>, <col><b>Pectoral</b></col>, &and; <col><b>Pelvic</b></col>, <col><b>girdle</b></col>. <i>(Anat.)</i> <cd>See under <u>Pectoral</u>, and <u>Pelvic</u>.</cd> — <col><b>To have under the girdle</b></col>, <cd>to have bound to one, that is, in subjection.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Gir"dle</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Girdled</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Girdling</u> (?).] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To bind with a belt or sash; to gird.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To inclose; to environ; to shut in.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Those sleeping stones,<BR> That as a waist doth <i>girdle</i> you about.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To make a cut or gnaw a groove around (a tree, etc.) through the bark and alburnum, thus killing it.</def> [U. S.]</p>

<p><hw>Gir"dler</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who girdles.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A maker of girdles.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>An American longicorn beetle (<i>Oncideres cingulatus</i>) which lays its eggs in the twigs of the hickory, and then girdles each branch by gnawing a groove around it, thus killing it to provide suitable food for the larv&aelig;.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gir"dle*stead</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Girdle</i> + <i>stead</i> place.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>That part of the body where the girdle is worn.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Sheathed, beneath his <i>girdlestead</i>.</blockquote> <i>Chapman.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The lap.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>There fell a flower into her <i>girdlestead</i>.</blockquote> <i>Swinburne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gire</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Obs.] <def>See <u>Gyre</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gir"kin</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Obs.] <def>See <u>Gherkin</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Girl</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>girle</i>, <i>gerle</i>, <i>gurle</i>, a girl (in sense 1): cf. LG. <i>g&ouml;r</i> child.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A young person of either sex; a child.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A female child, from birth to the age of puberty; a young maiden.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A female servant; a maidservant.</def> [U. S.]</p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A roebuck two years old.</def> [Prov. Eng.]</p>

<p><hw>Girl"hood</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>State or time of being a girl.</def></p>

<p><hw>Girl"ish</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Like, or characteristic of, a girl; of or pertaining to girlhood; innocent; artless; immature; weak; as, <i>girlish</i> ways; <i>girlish</i> grief.</def> — <wf>Girl"ish*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Girl"ish*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Gir"lond</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Garland</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <def>A garland; a prize.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chapman.</i></p>

<p><hw>Girn</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [See <u>Grin</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <def>To grin.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Gi*ron"dist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>Girondiste</i>.] <def>A member of the moderate republican party formed in the French legislative assembly in 1791. The Girondists were so called because their leaders were deputies from the department of La Gironde.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gi*ron"dist</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to the Girondists.</def> [Written also <i>Girondin</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Gir"rock</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. Prov. F. <i>chicarou</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A garfish.</def> <i>Johnson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Girt</hw> (?), <def><pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> of <u>Gird</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Girt</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Girted</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Girting</u>.] [From <u>Girt</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, cf. <u>Girth</u>, <pos><i>v.</i></pos>] <def>To gird; to encircle; to invest by means of a girdle; to measure the girth of; as, to <i>girt</i> a tree.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>We here create thee the first duke of Suffolk,<BR> And <i>girt</i> thee with the sword.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Girt</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>Bound by a cable; — used of a vessel so moored by two anchors that she swings against one of the cables by force of the current or tide.</def></p>

<p><! p. 627 !></p>

<p><hw>Girt</hw> (g&etilde;rt), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Girth</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Girth</hw> (g&etilde;rth), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Icel. <i>gj&ouml;r&eth;</i> girdle, or <i>ger&eth;</i> girth; akin to Goth. <i>ga&iacute;rda</i> girdle. See <u>Gird</u> to girt, and cf. <u>Girdle</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A band or strap which encircles the body; especially, one by which a saddle is fastened upon the back of a horse.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The measure round the body, as at the waist or belly; the circumference of anything.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He's a lu<BR> sty, jolly fellow, that lives well, at least three yards in the <i>girth</i>.</blockquote> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A small horizontal brace or girder.</def></p>

<p><hw>Girth</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [From <u>Girth</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, cf. <u>Girt</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>] <def>To bind as with a girth.</def> [R.] <i>Johnson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Girt"line`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>A gantline.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Hammock girtline</b></col>, <cd>a line rigged for hanging out hammocks to dry.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Gis*arm"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>gisarme</i>, <i>guisarme</i>.] <i>(Medi&aelig;val Armor)</i> <def>A weapon with a scythe-shaped blade, and a separate long sharp point, mounted on a long staff and carried by foot soldiers.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gise</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [See <u>Agist</u>.] <def>To feed or pasture.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Gise</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Guise; manner.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gis"le</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>g&imacr;sel</i>; akin to G. <i>geisel</i>, Icel. <i>g&imacr;sl</i>.] <def>A pledge.</def> [Obs.] <i>Bp. Gibson.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Gis*mon"dine</hw> (?), <hw>Gis*mon"dite</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From the name of the discoverer, <i>Gismondi</i>.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>A native hydrated silicate of alumina, lime, and potash, first noticed near Rome.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>giste</i> abode, lodgings, F. <i>g&icirc;te</i>, fr. <i>g&eacute;sir</i> to lie, L. <i>jac&?;re</i>, prop., to be thrown, hence, to lie, fr. <i>jac</i>&?;<i>re</i> to throw. In the second sense fr. OF. <i>gist</i>, F. <i>g&icirc;t</i>, 3d pers. sing. ind. of <i>g&eacute;sir</i> to lie, used in a proverb, F., c'est l&agrave; que <i>g&icirc;t</i> le li&egrave;vre, it is there that the hare lies, <i>i. e.</i>, that is the point, the difficulty. See <u>Jet</u> a shooting forth, and cf. <u>Agist</u>, <u>Joist</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, <u>Gest</u> a stage in traveling.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A resting place.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>These quails have their set <i>gists</i>; to wit, ordinary resting and baiting places.</blockquote> <i>Holland.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The main point, as of a question; the point on which an action rests; the pith of a matter; as, the <i>gist</i> of a question.</def></p>

<p><hw>Git</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Founding)</i> <def>See <u>Geat</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A gown.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>She came often in a <i>gite</i> of red.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gith</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Prov. E., corn cockle; cf. W. <i>gith</i> corn cockle.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The corn cockle; also anciently applied to the <i>Nigella</i>, or fennel flower.</def></p>

<p><hw>Git"tern</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>giterne</i>, OF. <i>guiterne</i>, ultimately from same source as E. <i>guitar</i>. See <u>Guitar</u>, and cf. <u>Cittern</u>.] <def>An instrument like a guitar.</def> "Harps, lutes, and <i>giternes</i>." <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Git"tern</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To play on gittern.</def> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Git"tith</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Heb.] <def>A musical instrument, of unknown character, supposed by some to have been used by the people of Gath, and thence obtained by David. It is mentioned in the title of Psalms viii., lxxxi., and lxxxiv.</def> <i>Dr. W. Smith.</i></p>

<p><hw>Giust</hw> (j&udd;st), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Obs.] <def>Same as <u>Joust</u>.</def> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Gius"to</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [It., fr. L. <i>justus</i>. See <u>Just</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <i>(Mus.)</i> <def>In just, correct, or suitable time.</def></p>

<p><hw>Give</hw> (g&ibreve;v), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp.</i></pos> <u>Gave</u> (g&amacr;v); <pos><i>p. p.</i></pos> <u>Given</u> (g&ibreve;v"'n); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Giving</u>.] [OE. <i>given</i>, <i>yiven</i>, <i>yeven</i>, AS. <i>gifan</i>, <i>giefan</i>; akin to D. <i>geven</i>, OS. <i>ge&eth;an</i>, OHG. <i>geban</i>, G. <i>geben</i>, Icel. <i>gefa</i>, Sw. <i>gifva</i>, Dan. <i>give</i>, Goth. <i>giban</i>. Cf. <u>Gift</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To bestow without receiving a return; to confer without compensation; to impart, as a possession; to grant, as authority or permission; to yield up or allow.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>For generous lords had rather <i>give</i> than pay.</blockquote> <i>Young.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To yield possesion of; to deliver over, as property, in exchange for something; to pay; as, we <i>give</i> the value of what we buy.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>What shall a man <i>give</i> in exchange for his soul ?</blockquote> <i>Matt. xvi. 26.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To yield; to furnish; to produce; to emit; as, flint and steel <i>give</i> sparks.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To communicate or announce, as advice, tidings, etc.; to pronounce; to render or utter, as an opinion, a judgment, a sentence, a shout, etc.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>To grant power or license to; to permit; to allow; to license; to commission.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>It is <i>given</i> me once again to behold my friend.</blockquote> <i>Rowe.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Then <i>give</i> thy friend to shed the sacred wine.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>To exhibit as a product or result; to produce; to show; as, the number of men, divided by the number of ships, <i>gives</i> four hundred to each ship.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <def>To devote; to apply; used reflexively, to devote or apply one's self; as, the soldiers <i>give</i> themselves to plunder; also in this sense used very frequently in the past participle; as, the people are <i>given</i> to luxury and pleasure; the youth is <i>given</i> to study.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>8.</b></sn> <i>(Logic & Math.)</i> <def>To set forth as a known quantity or a known relation, or as a premise from which to reason; — used principally in the passive form <i>given</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>9.</b></sn> <def>To allow or admit by way of supposition.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I <i>give</i> not heaven for lost.</blockquote> <i>Mlton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>10.</b></sn> <def>To attribute; to assign; to adjudge.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I don't wonder at people's <i>giving</i> him to me as a lover.</blockquote> <i>Sheridan.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>11.</b></sn> <def>To excite or cause to exist, as a sensation; as, to <i>give</i> offense; to <i>give</i> pleasure or pain.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>12.</b></sn> <def>To pledge; as, to <i>give</i> one's word.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>13.</b></sn> <def>To cause; to make; — with the infinitive; as, to <i>give</i> one to understand, to know, etc.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>But there the duke was <i>given</i> to understand<BR> That in a gondola were seen together<BR> Lorenzo and his amorous Jessica.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><col><b>To give away</b></col>, <cd>to make over to another; to transfer.</cd></p>

<p><blockquote>Whatsoever we employ in charitable uses during our lives, is <i>given away</i> from ourselves.</blockquote> <i>Atterbury.</i></p>

<p>— <col><b>To give back</b></col>, <cd>to return; to restore.</cd> <i>Atterbury.</i> — <col><b>To give the bag</b></col>, <cd>to cheat.</cd> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>I fear our ears have <i>given</i> us <i>the bag</i>.</blockquote> <i>J. Webster.</i></p>

<p>— <col><b>To give birth to</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>To bear or bring forth, as a child.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>To originate; to give existence to, as an enterprise, idea.</cd> — <col><b>To give chase</b></col>, <cd>to pursue.</cd> — <col><b>To give ear to</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Ear</u>.</cd> — <col><b>To give forth</b></col>, <cd>to give out; to publish; to tell.</cd> <i>Hayward.</i> — <col><b>To give ground</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Ground</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></cd> — <col><b>To give the hand</b></col>, <cd>to pledge friendship or faith.</cd> — <col><b>To give the hand of</b></col>, <cd>to espouse; to bestow in marriage.</cd> — <col><b>To give the head</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Head</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></cd> — <col><b>To give in</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>To abate; to deduct.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>To declare; to make known; to announce; to tender; as, <i>to give in</i> one's adhesion to a party.</cd> — <col><b>To give the lie to</b></col> <cd>(a person), to tell (him) that he lies.</cd> — <col><b>To give line</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Line</u>.</cd> — <col><b>To give off</b></col>, <cd>to emit, as steam, vapor, odor, etc.</cd> — <col><b>To give one's self away</b></col>, <cd>to make an inconsiderate surrender of one's cause, an unintentional disclosure of one's purposes, or the like.</cd> [Colloq.] — <col><b>To give out</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>To utter publicly; to report; to announce or declare.</cd></p>

<p><blockquote>One that <i>gives out</i> himself Prince Florizel.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Give out</i> you are of Epidamnum.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>To send out; to emit; to distribute; as, a substance <i>gives out</i> steam or odors.</cd> — <col><b>To give over</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>To yield completely; to quit; to abandon.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>To despair of.</cd> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <cd>To addict, resign, or apply (one's self).</cd></p>

<p><blockquote>The Babylonians had <i>given</i> themselves <i>over</i> to all manner of vice.</blockquote> <i>Grew.</i></p>

<p>— <col><b>To give place</b></col>, <cd>to withdraw; to yield one's claim.</cd> — <col><b>To give points</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>In games of skill, to equalize chances by conceding a certain advantage; to allow a handicap.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>To give useful suggestions.</cd> [Colloq.] — <col><b>To give rein</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Rein</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></cd> — <col><b>To give the sack</b></col>. <cd>Same as <i>To give the bag</i>.</cd> — <col><b>To give and take</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>To average gains and losses.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>To exchange freely, as blows, sarcasms, etc.</cd> — <col><b>To give time</b></col> <sd><i>(Law)</i></sd>, <cd>to accord extension or forbearance to a debtor.</cd> <i>Abbott.</i> — <col><b>To give the time of day</b></col>, <cd>to salute one with the compliment appropriate to the hour, as "good morning." "good evening", etc.</cd> — <col><b>To give tongue</b></col>, <cd>in hunter's phrase, to bark; — said of dogs.</cd> — <col><b>To give up</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>To abandon; to surrender. "Don't <i>give up</i> the ship."</cd></p>

<p><blockquote>He has . . . <i>given up</i><BR> For certain drops of salt, your city Rome.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>To make public; to reveal.</cd></p>

<p><blockquote>I'll not state them<BR> By <i>giving up</i> their characters.</blockquote> <i>Beau. & Fl.</i></p>

<p><sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <cd>(Used also reflexively.</cd>) — <col><b>To give up the ghost</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Ghost</u>.</cd> — <col><b>To give one's self up</b></col>, <cd>to abandon hope; to despair; to surrender one's self.</cd> — <col><b>To give way</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>To withdraw; to give place.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>To yield to force or pressure; as, the scaffolding <i>gave way</i>.</cd> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <i>(Naut.)</i> <cd>To begin to row; or to row with increased energy.</cd> <sd><i>(d)</i></sd> <i>(Stock Exchange)</i>. <cd>To depreciate or decline in value; as, railroad securities <i>gave way</i> two per cent.</cd> — <col><b>To give way together</b></col>, <cd>to row in time; to keep stroke.</cd></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — To <u>Give</u>, <u>Confer</u>, <u>Grant</u>. To <i>give</i> is the generic word, embracing all the rest. To <i>confer</i> was originally used of persons in power, who gave permanent grants or privileges; as, to <i>confer</i> the order of knighthood; and hence it still denotes the giving of something which might have been withheld; as, to <i>confer</i> a favor. To <i>grant</i> is to give in answer to a petition or request, or to one who is in some way dependent or inferior.</p>

<p><hw>Give</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To give a gift or gifts.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To yield to force or pressure; to relax; to become less rigid; as, the earth <i>gives</i> under the feet.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To become soft or moist.</def> [Obs.] <i>Bacon .</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To move; to recede.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Now back he <i>gives</i>, then rushes on amain.</blockquote> <i>Daniel.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>To shed tears; to weep.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Whose eyes do never <i>give</i><BR> But through lust and laughter.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>To have a misgiving.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>My mind <i>gives</i> ye're reserved<BR> To rob poor market women.</blockquote> <i>J. Webster.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <def>To open; to lead.</def> [A Gallicism]</p>

<p><blockquote>This, yielding, <i>gave</i> into a grassy walk.</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><col><b>To give back</b></col>, <cd>to recede; to retire; to retreat.</cd></p>

<p><blockquote>They <i>gave back</i> and came no farther.</blockquote> <i>Bunyan.</i></p>

<p>— <col><b>To give in</b></col>, <cd>to yield; to succumb; to acknowledge one's self beaten; to cease opposition.</cd></p>

<p><blockquote>The Scots battalion was enforced to <i>give in</i>.</blockquote> <i>Hayward.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>This consideration may induce a translator to <i>give in</i> to those general phrases.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p>— <col><b>To give off</b></col>, <cd>to cease; to forbear.</cd> [Obs.] <i>Locke.</i> — <col><b>To give</b></col> <col><b>on or upon</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>To rush; to fall upon.</cd> [Obs.] <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>To have a view of; to be in sight of; to overlook; to look toward; to open upon; to front; to face.</cd> [A Gallicism: cf. Fr. donner sur.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Rooms which <i>gave upon</i> a pillared porch.</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The gloomy staircase <i>on</i> which the grating <i>gave</i>.</blockquote> <i>Dickens.</i></p>

<p>— <col><b>To give out</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>To expend all one's strength.</cd> Hence: <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>To cease from exertion; to fail; to be exhausted; as, my feet being <i>to give out</i>; the flour has <i>given out</i>.</cd> — <col><b>To give over</b></col>, <cd>to cease; to discontinue; to desist.</cd></p>

<p><blockquote>It would be well for all authors, if they knew when <i>to give over</i>, and to desist from any further pursuits after fame.</blockquote> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p>— <col><b>To give up</b></col>, <cd>to cease from effort; to yield; to despair; as, he would never <i>give up</i>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Giv"en</hw> (?), <def><pos><i>p. p. & a.</i></pos> from <u>Give</u>, <pos><i>v.</i></pos></def></p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Math. & Logic)</i> <def>Granted; assumed; supposed to be known; set forth as a known quantity, relation, or premise.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Disposed; inclined; — used with an <pos><i>adv.</i></pos>; as, virtuously <i>given</i>.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Stated; fixed; as, in a <i>given</i> time.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Given name</b></col>, <cd>the Christian name, or name <i>given</i> by one's parents or guardians, as distinguished from the <i>surname</i>, which is inherited.</cd> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><hw>Giv"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who gives; a donor; a bestower; a grantor; one who imparts or distributes.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>It is the <i>giver</i>, and not the gift, that engrosses the heart of the Christian.</blockquote> <i>Kollock.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gives</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [See <u>Give</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <def>Fetters.</def></p>

<p><hw>Giv"ing</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of bestowing as a gift; a conferring or imparting.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A gift; a benefaction.</def> [R.] <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>The act of softening, breaking, or yielding.</def> "Upon the first <i>giving</i> of the weather." <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Giving in</b></col>, <cd>a falling inwards; a collapse.</cd> — <col><b>Giving out</b></col>, <cd>anything uttered or asserted; an outgiving.</cd></p>

<p><blockquote>His <i>givings out</i> were of an infinite distance<BR> From his true meant design.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Giz"zard</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>g&eacute;sier</i>, L. gigeria, pl., the cooked entrails of poultry. Cf. <u>Gigerium</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>The second, or true, muscular stomach of birds, in which the food is crushed and ground, after being softened in the glandular stomach (crop), or lower part of the esophagus; the gigerium.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A thick muscular stomach found in many invertebrate animals.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A stomach armed with chitinous or shelly plates or teeth, as in certain insects and mollusks.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Gizzard shad</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>an American herring (<i>Dorosoma cepedianum</i>) resembling the shad, but of little value.</cd> — <col><b>To fret the gizzard</b></col>, <cd>to harass; to vex one's self; to worry.</cd> [Low] <i>Hudibras.</i> — <col><b>To stick in one's gizzard</b></col>, <cd>to be difficult of digestion; to be offensive.</cd> [Low]</p>

<p><hw>||Gla*bel"la</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Glabell&?;</b></plw> (#). [NL., fr. L. <i>glabellus</i> hairless, fr. <i>glaber</i> bald.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>The space between the eyebrows, also including the corresponding part of the frontal bone; the mesophryon.</def> — <wf>Gla*bel"lar</wf> (#), <pos><i>a.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>||Gla*bel"lum</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Glabella</b></plw> (#). [NL. See <u>Glabella</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The median, convex lobe of the head of a trilobite. See <u>Trilobite</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gla"brate</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>glabrare</i>, fr. <i>glaber</i> smooth.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Becoming smooth or glabrous from age.</def> <i>Gray.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Gla"bre*ate</hw> (?), <hw>Gla"bri*ate</hw> (?), } <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [See <u>Glabrate</u>.] <def>To make smooth, plain, or bare.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Glab"ri*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>glabritas</i>.] <def>Smoothness; baldness.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Gla"brous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>glaber</i>; cf. Gr. &?; hollow, smooth, &?; to hollow.] <def>Smooth; having a surface without hairs or any unevenness.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gla"cial</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>glacialis</i>, from <i>glacies</i> ice: cf. F. <i>glacial</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Pertaining to ice or to its action; consisting of ice; frozen; icy; esp., pertaining to glaciers; as, <i>glacial</i> phenomena.</def> <i>Lyell.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Resembling ice; having the appearance and consistency of ice; — said of certain solid compounds; as, <i>glacial</i> phosphoric or acetic acids.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Glacial acid</b></col> <i>(Chem.)</i>, <cd>an acid of such strength or purity as to crystallize at an ordinary temperature, in an icelike form; as acetic or carbolic acid.</cd> — <col><b>Glacial drift</b></col> <i>(Geol.)</i>, <cd>earth and rocks which have been transported by moving ice, land ice, or icebergs; bowlder drift.</cd> — <col><b>Glacial</b></col> <col><b>epoch or period</b></col> <i>(Geol.)</i>, <cd>a period during which the climate of the modern temperate regions was polar, and ice covered large portions of the northern hemisphere to the mountain tops.</cd> — <col><b>Glacial</b></col> <col><b>theory or hypothesis</b></col>. <i>(Geol.)</i> <cd>See <i>Glacier theory</i>, under <u>Glacier</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Gla"cial*ist</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who attributes the phenomena of the drift, in geology, to glaciers.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gla"ci*ate</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [L. <i>glaciatus</i>, p. p. of <i>glaciare</i> to freeze, fr. <i>glacies</i> ice.] <def>To turn to ice.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gla"ci*ate</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To convert into, or cover with, ice.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Geol.)</i> <def>To produce glacial effects upon, as in the scoring of rocks, transportation of loose material, etc.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Glaciated rocks</b></col>, <cd>rocks whose surfaces have been smoothed, furrowed, or striated, by the action of ice.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Gla`ci*a"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Act of freezing.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>That which is formed by freezing; ice.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>The process of glaciating, or the state of being glaciated; the production of glacial phenomena.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gla"cier</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>glacier</i>, fr. <i>glace</i> ice, L. <i>glacies</i>.] <def>An immense field or stream of ice, formed in the region of perpetual snow, and moving slowly down a mountain slope or valley, as in the Alps, or over an extended area, as in Greenland.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The mass of compacted snow forming the upper part of a glacier is called the <i>firn</i>, or <i>n&eacute;v&eacute;</i>; the glacier proper consist of solid ice, deeply crevassed where broken up by irregularities in the slope or direction of its path. A glacier usually carries with it accumulations of stones and dirt called <i>moraines</i>, which are designated, according to their position, as <i>lateral</i>, <i>medial</i>, or <i>terminal</i> (see <u>Moraine</u>). The common rate of flow of the Alpine glaciers is from ten to twenty inches per day in summer, and about half that in winter.</p>

<p><col><b>Glacier theory</b></col> <i>(Geol.)</i>, <cd>the theory that large parts of the frigid and temperate zones were covered with ice during the <i>glacial</i>, or <i>ice</i>, <i>period</i>, and that, by the agency of this ice, the loose materials on the earth's surface, called <i>drift</i> or <i>diluvium</i>, were transported and accumulated.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Gla"cious</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pertaining to, consisting of or resembling, ice; icy.</def> <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gla"cis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>glacis</i>; — so named from its smoothness. See <u>Glacier</u>.] <def>A gentle slope, or a smooth, gently sloping bank; especially <i>(Fort.)</i>, that slope of earth which inclines from the covered way toward the exterior ground or country (see <i>Illust.</i> of <u>Ravelin</u>).</def></p>

<p><! p. 628 !></p>

<p><hw>Glad</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<pos><i>Compar.</i></pos> <u>Gladder</u> (?); <pos><i>superl.</i></pos> <u>Gladdest</u> (?).] [AS. <i>gl&aelig;d</i> bright, glad; akin to D. <i>glad</i> smooth, G. <i>glatt</i>, OHG. <i>glat</i> smooth, shining, Icel. <i>gla&?;r</i> glad, bright, Dan. & Sw. <i>glad</i> glad, Lith. <i>glodas</i> smooth, and prob. to L. <i>glaber</i>, and E. <i>glide</i>. Cf. <u>Glabrous</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Pleased; joyous; happy; cheerful; gratified; — opposed to <i>sorry</i>, <i>sorrowful</i>, or <i>unhappy</i>; — said of persons, and often followed by <i>of</i>, <i>at</i>, <i>that</i>, or by the infinitive, and sometimes by <i>with</i>, introducing the cause or reason.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A wise son maketh a <i>glad</i> father.</blockquote> <i>Prov. x. 1.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>He that is <i>glad</i> at calamities shall not be unpunished.</blockquote> <i>Prov. xvii. 5.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The Trojan, <i>glad</i> with sight of hostile blood.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>He, <i>glad</i> of her attention gained.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>As we are now <i>glad</i> to behold your eyes.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Glad</i> am I that your highness is so armed.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Glad on 't</b></col>, <cd>glad of it.</cd> [Colloq.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Wearing a gay or bright appearance; expressing or exciting joy; producing gladness; exhilarating.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Her conversation<BR> More <i>glad</i> to me than to a miser money is.</blockquote> <i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Glad</i> evening and <i>glad</i> morn crowned the fourth day.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Pleased; gratified; exhilarated; animated; delighted; happy; cheerful; joyous; joyful; cheering; exhilarating; pleasing; animating. — <u>Glad</u>, <u>Delighted</u>, <u>Gratified</u>. <i>Delighted</i> expresses a much higher degree of pleasure than <i>glad</i>. <i>Gratified</i> always refers to a pleasure conferred by some human agent, and the feeling is modified by the consideration that we owe it in part to another. A person may be <i>glad</i> or <i>delighted</i> to see a friend, and <i>gratified</i> at the attention shown by his visits.</p>

<p><hw>Glad</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Gladded</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Gladding</u>.] [AS. <i>gladian</i>. See <u>Glad</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>, and cf. <u>Gladden</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>] <def>To make glad; to cheer; to gladden; to exhilarate.</def> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>That which <i>gladded</i> all the warrior train.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Each drinks the juice that <i>glads</i> the heart of man.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><hw>Glad</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To be glad; to rejoice.</def> [Obs.] <i>Massinger.</i></p>

<p><hw>Glad"den</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Gladdened</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Gladdening</u> (?).] [See <u>Glad</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>] <def>To make glad; to cheer; to please; to gratify; to rejoice; to exhilarate.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A secret pleasure <i>gladdened</i> all that saw him.</blockquote> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><hw>Glad"den</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To be or become glad; to rejoice.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The vast Pacific <i>gladdens</i> with the freight.</blockquote> <i>Wordsworth.</i></p>

<p><hw>Glad"der</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who makes glad.</def> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Glade</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Prob. of Scand. origin, and akin to <i>glad</i>, a.; cf. also W. <i>golead</i>, <i>goleuad</i>, a lighting, illumination, fr. <i>goleu</i> light, clear, bright, <i>goleu fwlch</i> glade, lit., a light or clear defile.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>An open passage through a wood; a grassy open or cleared space in a forest.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>There interspersed in lawns and opening <i>glades</i>.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>An everglade.</def> [Local, U. S.]</p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>An opening in the ice of rivers or lakes, or a place left unfrozen; also, smooth ice.</def> [Local, U. S.]</p>

<p><col><b>Bottom glade</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Bottom</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Glade net</b></col>, <cd>in England, a net used for catching woodcock and other birds in forest glades.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Gla"den</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>gl&aelig;dene</i>, cf. L. <i>gladius</i> a sword. Cf. <u>Gladiole</u>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Sword grass; any plant with sword-shaped leaves, esp. the European <i>Iris f&oelig;tidissima</i>.</def> [Written also <i>gladwyn</i>, <i>gladdon</i>, and <i>glader</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Glad"eye`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The European yellow-hammer.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glad"ful</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Full of gladness; joyful; glad.</def> [R.] — <wf>Glad"ful*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [R.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>It followed him with <i>gladful</i> glee.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Glad"i*ate</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>gladius</i> sword.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Sword-shaped; resembling a sword in form, as the leaf of the iris, or of the gladiolus.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glad"i*a`tor</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., fr. <i>gladius</i> sword. See <u>Glaive</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Originally, a swordplayer; hence, one who fought with weapons in public, either on the occasion of a funeral ceremony, or in the arena, for public amusement.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>One who engages in any fierce combat or controversy.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Glad`i*a*to"ri*al</hw> (?), <hw>Glad`i*a*to"ri*an</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to gladiators, or to contests or combatants in general.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glad"i*a`tor*ism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The art or practice of a gladiator.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glad"i*a`tor*ship</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Conduct, state, or art, of a gladiator.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glad"i*a*to*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>gladiatorius</i>.] <def>Gladiatorial.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Glad"i*a*ture</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>gladiatura</i>.] <def>Swordplay; fencing; gladiatorial contest.</def> <i>Gayton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Glad"i*ole</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>gladiolus</i> a small sword, the sword lily, dim. of <i>gladius</i> sword. See <u>Glaive</u>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A lilylike plant, of the genus <i>Gladiolus</i>; — called also <i>corn flag</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gla*di"o*lus</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> L. <plw><b>Gladioli</b></plw> (#), E. <plw><b>Gladioluses</b></plw> (#). [L. See <u>Gladiole</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A genus of plants having bulbous roots and gladiate leaves, and including many species, some of which are cultivated and valued for the beauty of their flowers; the corn flag; the sword lily.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>The middle portion of the sternum in some animals; the mesosternum.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Gla"di*us</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Gladii</b></plw> (#). [L., a sword.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The internal shell, or pen, of cephalopods like the squids.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glad"ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> [From <u>Glad</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Preferably; by choice.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>With pleasure; joyfully; cheerfully; eagerly.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The common people heard him <i>gladly</i>.</blockquote> <i>Mark xii. 37.</i></p>

<p><hw>Glad"ness</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>gl&aelig;dnes</i>.] <def>State or quality of being glad; pleasure; joyful satisfaction; cheerfulness.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>They . . . did eat their meat with <i>gladness</i> and singleness of heart.</blockquote> <i>Acts ii. 46.</i></p>

<p>&fist; <i>Gladness</i> is rarely or never equivalent to <i>mirth</i>, <i>merriment</i>, <i>gayety</i>, and <i>triumph</i>, and it usually expresses less than <i>delight</i>. It sometimes expresses great joy.</p>

<p><blockquote>The Jews had joy and <i>gladness</i>, a feast and a good day.</blockquote> <i>Esther viii. 17.</i></p>

<p><hw>Glad"ship</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>gl&aelig;dscipe</i>.] <def>A state of gladness.</def> [Obs.] <i>Gower.</i></p>

<p><hw>Glad"some</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Pleased; joyful; cheerful.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Causing joy, pleasure, or cheerfulness; having the appearance of gayety; pleasing.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Of opening heaven they sung, and <i>gladsome</i> day.</blockquote> <i>Prior.</i></p>

<p>— <wf>Glad"some*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Glad"some*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><blockquote>Hours of perfect <i>gladsomeness</i>.</blockquote> <i>Wordsworth.</i></p>

<p><hw>Glad"stone</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Named after Wm. E. <i>Gladstone</i>.] <def>A four-wheeled pleasure carriage with two inside seats, calash top, and seats for driver and footman.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glad"wyn</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>See <u>Gladen</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glair</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>glaire</i>, <i>glaire</i> d'&?;uf, the glair of an egg, prob. fr. L. <i>clarus</i> clear, bright. See <u>Clear</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The white of egg. It is used as a size or a glaze in bookbinding, for pastry, etc.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Any viscous, transparent substance, resembling the white of an egg.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A broadsword fixed on a pike; a kind of halberd.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glair</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Glaired</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Glairing</u>.] <def>To smear with the white of an egg.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glaire</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Glair</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glair"e*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Glairy; covered with glair.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glair"in</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A glairy viscous substance, which forms on the surface of certain mineral waters, or covers the sides of their inclosures; — called also <i>baregin</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glair"y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Like glair, or partaking of its qualities; covered with glair; viscous and transparent; slimy.</def> <i>Wiseman.</i></p>

<p><hw>Glaive</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>glaive</i>, L. <i>gladius</i>; prob. akin to E. <i>claymore</i>. Cf. <u>Gladiator</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A weapon formerly used, consisting of a large blade fixed on the end of a pole, whose edge was on the outside curve; also, a light lance with a long sharp- pointed head.</def> <i>Wilhelm.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A sword; — used poetically and loosely.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>glaive</i> which he did wield.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Gla"ma</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL.; cf. Gr. &?;, L. <i>gramiae</i>, Gr. &?; blear-eyed.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>A copious gummy secretion of the humor of the eyelids, in consequence of some disorder; blearedness; lippitude.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gla"mour</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Scot. <i>glamour</i>, <i>glamer</i>; cf. Icel. <i>gl&aacute;meggdr</i> one who is troubled with the glaucoma (?); or Icel. <i>gl&amacr;m-s&ymacr;ni</i> weakness of sight, glamour; <i>gl&amacr;mr</i> name of the moon, also of a ghost + <i>s&ymacr;ni</i> sight, akin to E. <i>see</i>. Perh., however, a corruption of E. <i>gramarye</i>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A charm affecting the eye, making objects appear different from what they really are.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Witchcraft; magic; a spell.</def> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A kind of haze in the air, causing things to appear different from what they really are.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The air filled with a strange, pale <i>glamour</i> that seemed to lie over the broad valley.</blockquote> <i>W. Black.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Any artificial interest in, or association with, an object, through which it appears delusively magnified or glorified.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>A quality of a person which allures and fascinates, usually by good looks and a charming manner; — of people; as, the <i>glamour</i> of John F. Kennedy..</def><BR> [PJC]</p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>An attractive quality which provides excitement, adventure, the thrill of unusual activity, or the potential to become famous; — of activities; as, the <i>glamour</i> of movie stardom.</def><BR> [PJC]</p>

<p><col><b>Glamour gift</b></col>, <col><b>Glamour might</b></col>, <cd>the gift or power of producing a glamour. The former is used figuratively, of the gift of fascination peculiar to women.</cd></p>

<p><blockquote>It had much of <i>glamour might</i><BR> To make a lady seem a knight.</blockquote> <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><hw>Glam"ou*rie</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Glamour.</def> [Scot.]</p>

<p><hw>Glance</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Akin to D. <i>glans</i> luster, brightness, G. <i>glanz</i>, Sw. <i>glans</i>, D. <i>glands</i> brightness, glimpse. Cf. <u>Gleen</u>, <u>Glint</u>, <u>Glitter</u>, and <u>Glance</u> a mineral.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A sudden flash of light or splendor.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Swift as the lightning <i>glance</i>.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A quick cast of the eyes; a quick or a casual look; a swift survey; a glimpse.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Dart not scornful <i>glances</i> from those eyes.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>An incidental or passing thought or allusion.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>How fleet is a <i>glance</i> of the mind.</blockquote> <i>Cowper.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Min.)</i> <def>A name given to some sulphides, mostly dark-colored, which have a brilliant metallic luster, as the sulphide of copper, called <i>copper glance</i>.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Glance coal</b></col>, <cd>anthracite; a mineral composed chiefly of carbon.</cd> — <col><b>Glance cobalt</b></col>, <cd>cobaltite, or gray cobalt.</cd> — <col><b>Glance copper</b></col>, <cd>chalcocite.</cd> — <col><b>Glance wood</b></col>, <cd>a hard wood grown in Cuba, and used for gauging instruments, carpenters' rules, etc.</cd> <i>McElrath.</i></p>

<p><hw>Glance</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Glanced</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Glancing</u> (?).] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To shoot or emit a flash of light; to shine; to flash.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>From art, from nature, from the schools,<BR> Let random influences <i>glance</i>,<BR> Like light in many a shivered lance,<BR> That breaks about the dappled pools.</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To strike and fly off in an oblique direction; to dart aside. "Your arrow hath <i>glanced</i>".</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>On me the curse aslope<BR> <i>Glanced</i> on the ground.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To look with a sudden, rapid cast of the eye; to snatch a momentary or hasty view.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The poet's eye, in a fine frenzy rolling,<BR> Doth <i>glance</i> from heaven to earth, from earth to heaven.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To make an incidental or passing reflection; to allude; to hint; — often with <i>at</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Wherein obscurely<BR> C&aelig;sar\'b6s ambition shall be <i>glanced</i> at.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>He <i>glanced</i> at a certain reverend doctor.</blockquote> <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>To move quickly, appearing and disappearing rapidly; to be visible only for an instant at a time; to move interruptedly; to twinkle.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>And all along the forum and up the sacred seat,<BR> His vulture eye pursued the trip of those small <i>glancing</i> feet.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><hw>Glance</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To shoot or dart suddenly or obliquely; to cast for a moment; as, to <i>glance</i> the eye.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To hint at; to touch lightly or briefly.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>In company I often <i>glanced</i> it.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Glan"cing</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Shooting, as light.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>When through the <i>gancing</i> lightnings fly.</blockquote> <i>Rowe.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Flying off (after striking) in an oblique direction; as, a <i>glancing</i> shot.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glan"cing*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a glancing manner; transiently; incidentally; indirectly.</def> <i>Hakewill.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gland</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>glande</i>, L. <i>glans</i>, <i>glandis</i>, acorn; akin to Gr. &?; for &?;, and &?; to cast, throw, the acorn being the dropped fruit. Cf. <u>Parable</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Anat.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>An organ for secreting something to be used in, or eliminated from, the body; as, the sebaceous <i>glands</i> of the skin; the salivary <i>glands</i> of the mouth.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>An organ or part which resembles a secreting, or true, gland, as the ductless, lymphatic, pineal, and pituitary <i>glands</i>, the functions of which are very imperfectly known.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The true secreting glands are, in principle, narrow pouches of the mucous membranes, or of the integument, lined with a continuation of the epithelium, or of the epidermis, the cells of which produce the secretion from the blood. In the larger glands, the pouches are tubular, greatly elongated, and coiled, as in the sweat glands, or subdivided and branched, making compound and racemose glands, such as the pancreas.</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A special organ of plants, usually minute and globular, which often secretes some kind of resinous, gummy, or aromatic product.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>Any very small prominence.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Steam Mach.)</i> <def>The movable part of a stuffing box by which the packing is compressed; — sometimes called a <i>follower</i>. See <i>Illust.</i> of <i>Stuffing box</i>, under <u>Stuffing</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Mach.)</i> <def>The crosspiece of a bayonet clutch.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glan"dage</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. OF. <i>glandage</i>. See <u>Gland</u>.] <def>A feeding on nuts or mast.</def> [Obs.] <i>Crabb.</i></p>

<p><hw>Glan"dered</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Affected with glanders; as, a <i>glandered</i> horse.</def> <i>Yu&?;att.</i></p>

<p><hw>Glan"der*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to glanders; of the nature of glanders.</def> <i>Youatt.</i></p>

<p><hw>Glan"ders</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From <u>Gland</u>.] <i>(Far.)</i> <def>A highly contagious and very destructive disease of horses, asses, mules, etc., characterized by a constant discharge of sticky matter from the nose, and an enlargement and induration of the glands beneath and within the lower jaw. It may transmitted to dogs, goats, sheep, and to human beings.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glan*dif"er*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>glandifer</i>; <i>glans</i>, <i>glandis</i>, acorn + <i>ferre</i> to bear; cf. F. <i>glandif&egrave;re</i>.] <def>Bearing acorns or other nuts; as, <i>glandiferous</i> trees.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gland"i*form</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>glans</i>, <i>glandis</i>, acorn + <i>-form</i>: cf. F. <i>glandiforme</i> .] <def>Having the form of a gland or nut; resembling a gland.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glan"du*lar</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>glandulaire</i>. See <u>Glandule</u>.] <def>Containing or supporting glands; consisting of glands; pertaining to glands.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glan`du*la"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>glandulation</i>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The situation and structure of the secretory vessels in plants.</def> <i>Martyn.</i></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Glandulation</i> respects the secretory vessels, which are either glandules, follicles, or utricles.</blockquote> <i>J. Lee.</i></p>

<p><hw>Glan"dule</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>glandula</i>, dim. of <i>glans</i>, <i>glandis</i>, acorn: cf. F. <i>glandule</i>. See <u>Gland</u>.] <def>A small gland or secreting vessel.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glan`du*lif"er*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>glandula</i> gland + <i>-ferous</i>; cf. F. <i>glandulif&egrave;re</i>.] <def>Bearing glandules.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glan"du*lose`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Glandulous</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glan`du*los"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Quality of being glandulous; a collection of glands.</def> [R.] <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Glan"du*lous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>glandulosus</i>: cf. F. <i>glanduleux</i>.] <def>Containing glands; consisting of glands; pertaining to glands; resembling glands.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Glans</hw> (?) <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Glandes</b></plw> (#). [L. See <u>Gland</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>The vascular body which forms the apex of the penis, and the extremity of the clitoris.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The acorn or mast of the oak and similar fruits.</def> <i>Gray.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Med.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>Goiter.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A pessary.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Glare</hw> (gl&acirc;r), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Glared</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Glaring</u>.] [OE. <i>glaren</i>, <i>gloren</i>; cf. AS. <i>gl&aelig;r</i> amber, LG. <i>glaren</i> to glow or burn like coals, D. <i>gloren</i> to glimmer; prob. akin to E. <i>glass</i>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To shine with a bright, dazzling light.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The cavern glares with new-admitted light.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To look with fierce, piercing eyes; to stare earnestly, angrily, or fiercely.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>And eye that scorcheth all it <i>glares</i> upon.</blockquote> <i>Byron.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To be bright and intense, as certain colors; to be ostentatiously splendid or gay.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>She <i>glares</i> in balls, front boxes, and the ring.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><hw>Glare</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To shoot out, or emit, as a dazzling light.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Every eye<BR> <i>Glared</i> lightning, and shot forth pernicious fire.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Glare</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A bright, dazzling light; splendor that dazzles the eyes; a confusing and bewildering light.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The frame of burnished steel that cast a <i>glare</i>.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A fierce, piercing look or stare.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>About them round,<BR> A lion now he stalks with fiery <i>glare</i>.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A viscous, transparent substance. See <u>Glair</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>A smooth, bright, glassy surface; as, a <i>glare</i> of ice.</def> [U. S. ]</p>

<p><hw>Glare</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See <u>Glary</u>, and <u>Glare</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <def>Smooth and bright or translucent; — used almost exclusively of ice; as, skating on <i>glare</i> ice.</def> [U. S.]</p>

<p><! p. 629 !></p>

<p><hw>Glar"e*ous</hw> (gl&acirc;r"&esl;*&ubreve;s), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>glaireux</i>. See <u>Glair</u>.] <def>Glairy.</def> <i>John Gregory (1766).</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Glar"i*ness</hw> (?), <hw>Glar"ing*ness</hw>, } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A dazzling luster or brilliancy.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glar"ing</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Clear; notorious; open and bold; barefaced; as, a <i>glaring</i> crime; a <i>glaring</i> mistake.</def> — <wf>Glar"ing*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Glar"y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of a dazzling luster; glaring; bright; shining; smooth.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Bright, crystal glass is <i>glary</i>.</blockquote> <i>Boyle.</i></p>

<p><hw>Glass</hw> (gl&adot;s), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>glas</i>, <i>gles</i>, AS. <i>gl&aelig;s</i>; akin to D., G., Dan., & Sw. <i>glas</i>, Icel. <i>glas</i>, <i>gler</i>, Dan. <i>glar</i>; cf. AS. <i>gl&aelig;r</i> amber, L. <i>glaesum</i>. Cf. <u>Glare</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, <u>Glaze</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A hard, brittle, translucent, and commonly transparent substance, white or colored, having a conchoidal fracture, and made by fusing together sand or silica with lime, potash, soda, or lead oxide. It is used for window panes and mirrors, for articles of table and culinary use, for lenses, and various articles of ornament.</def></p>

<p>&fist; Glass is variously colored by the metallic oxides; thus, manganese colors it violet; copper (cuprous), red, or (cupric) green; cobalt, blue; uranium, yellowish green or canary yellow; iron, green or brown; gold, purple or red; tin, opaque white; chromium, emerald green; antimony, yellow.</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Any substance having a peculiar glassy appearance, and a conchoidal fracture, and usually produced by fusion.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Anything made of glass.</def> Especially: <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A looking-glass; a mirror.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A vessel filled with running sand for measuring time; an hourglass; and hence, the time in which such a vessel is exhausted of its sand.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>She would not live<BR> The running of one <i>glass</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <def>A drinking vessel; a tumbler; a goblet; hence, the contents of such a vessel; especially; spirituous liquors; as, he took a <i>glass</i> at dinner.</def> <sd><i>(d)</i></sd> <def>An optical glass; a lens; a spyglass; — in the plural, spectacles; as, a pair of <i>glasses</i>; he wears <i>glasses</i>.</def> <sd><i>(e)</i></sd> <def>A weatherglass; a barometer.</def></p>

<p>&fist; <i>Glass</i> is much used adjectively or in combination; as, <i>glass</i> maker, or <i>glass</i>maker; <i>glass</i> making or <i>glass</i>making; <i>glass</i> blower or <i>glass</i>blower, etc.</p>

<p><col><b>Bohemian glass</b></col>, <col><b>Cut glass</b></col>, <cd>etc. See under <u>Bohemian</u>, <u>Cut</u>, etc.</cd> — <col><b>Crown glass</b></col>, <cd>a variety of glass, used for making the finest plate or window glass, and consisting essentially of silicate of soda or potash and lime, with no admixture of lead; the convex half of an achromatic lens is composed of crown glass; — so called from a crownlike shape given it in the process of blowing.</cd> — <col><b>Crystal glass</b></col>, or <col><b>Flint glass</b></col>. <cd>See <u>Flint glass</u>, in the Vocabulary.</cd> — <col><b>Cylinder glass</b></col>, <cd>sheet glass made by blowing the glass in the form of a cylinder which is then split longitudinally, opened out, and flattened.</cd> — <col><b>Glass of antimony</b></col>, <cd>a vitreous oxide of antimony mixed with sulphide.</cd> — <col><b>Glass blower</b></col>, <cd>one whose occupation is to blow and fashion glass.</cd> — <col><b>Glass blowing</b></col>, <cd>the art of shaping glass, when reduced by heat to a viscid state, by inflating it through a tube.</cd> — <col><b>Glass cloth</b></col>, <cd>a woven fabric formed of glass fibers.</cd> — <col><b>Glass coach</b></col>, <cd>a coach superior to a hackney-coach, hired for the day, or any short period, as a private carriage; — so called because originally private carriages alone had glass windows.</cd> [Eng.] <i>Smart.</i></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Glass coaches</i> are [allowed in English parks from which ordinary hacks are excluded], meaning by this term, which is never used in America, hired carriages that do not go on stands.</blockquote> <i>J. F. Cooper.</i></p>

<p>— <col><b>Glass cutter</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>One who cuts sheets of glass into sizes for window panes, ets.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>One who shapes the surface of glass by grinding and polishing.</cd> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <cd>A tool, usually with a diamond at the point, for cutting glass.</cd> — <col><b>Glass cutting</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>The act or process of dividing glass, as sheets of glass into panes with a diamond.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>The act or process of shaping the surface of glass by appylying it to revolving wheels, upon which sand, emery, and, afterwards, polishing powder, are applied; especially of glass which is shaped into facets, tooth ornaments, and the like. Glass having ornamental scrolls, etc., cut upon it, is said to be <i>engraved</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Glass metal</b></col>, <cd>the fused material for making glass.</cd> — <col><b>Glass painting</b></col>, <cd>the art or process of producing decorative effects in glass by painting it with enamel colors and combining the pieces together with slender sash bars of lead or other metal. In common parlance, <i>glass painting</i> and <i>glass staining</i> (see <i>Glass staining</i>, below) are used indifferently for all colored decorative work in windows, and the like.</cd> — <col><b>Glass paper</b></col>, <cd>paper faced with pulvirezed glass, and used for abrasive purposes.</cd> — <col><b>Glass silk</b></col>, <cd>fine threads of glass, wound, when in fusion, on rapidly rotating heated cylinders.</cd> — <col><b>Glass silvering</b></col>, <cd>the process of transforming plate glass into mirrors by coating it with a reflecting surface, a deposit of silver, or a mercury amalgam.</cd> - - <col><b>Glass soap</b></col>, or <col><b>Glassmaker's soap</b></col>, <cd>the black oxide of manganese or other substances used by glass makers to take away color from the materials for glass.</cd> — <col><b>Glass staining</b></col>, <cd>the art or practice of coloring glass in its whole substance, or, in the case of certain colors, in a superficial film only; also, decorative work in glass. Cf. <i>Glass painting</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Glass tears</b></col>. <cd>See <u>Rupert's drop</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Glass works</b></col>, <cd>an establishment where glass is made.</cd> — <col><b>Heavy glass</b></col>, <cd>a heavy optical glass, consisting essentially of a borosilicate of potash.</cd> — <col><b>Millefiore glass</b></col>. <cd>See <u>Millefiore</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Plate glass</b></col>, <cd>a fine kind of glass, cast in thick plates, and flattened by heavy rollers, — used for mirrors and the best windows.</cd> — <col><b>Pressed glass</b></col>, <cd>glass articles formed in molds by pressure when hot.</cd> — <col><b>Soluble glass</b></col> <i>(Chem.)</i>, <cd>a silicate of sodium or potassium, found in commerce as a white, glassy mass, a stony powder, or dissolved as a viscous, sirupy liquid; — used for rendering fabrics incombustible, for hardening artificial stone, etc.; — called also <i>water glass</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Spun glass</b></col>, <cd>glass drawn into a thread while liquid.</cd> — <col><b>Toughened glass</b></col>, <col><b>Tempered glass</b></col>, <cd>glass finely tempered or annealed, by a peculiar method of sudden cooling by plunging while hot into oil, melted wax, or paraffine, etc.; — called also, from the name of the inventor of the process, <i>Bastie glass</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Water glass</b></col>. <i>(Chem.)</i> <cd>See <i>Soluble glass</i>, above.</cd> — <col><b>Window glass</b></col>, <cd>glass in panes suitable for windows.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Glass</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Glassed</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Glassing</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To reflect, as in a mirror; to mirror; — used reflexively.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Happy to <i>glass</i> themselves in such a mirror.</blockquote> <i>Motley.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Where the Almighty's form <i>glasses</i> itself in tempests.</blockquote> <i>Byron.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To case in glass.</def> [R.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To cover or furnish with glass; to glaze.</def> <i>Boyle.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To smooth or polish anything, as leater, by rubbing it with a glass burnisher.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glass"-crab`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The larval state (<i>Phyllosoma</i>) of the genus <stageof><i>Palinurus</i></stageof> and allied genera. It is remarkable for its strange outlines, thinness, and transparency. See <u>Phyllosoma</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glass"en</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Glassy; glazed.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>And pursues the dice with <i>glassen</i> eyes.</blockquote> <i>B. Jonson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Glass"eye`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A fish of the great lakes; the wall-eyed pike.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Far.)</i> <def>A species of blindness in horses in which the eye is bright and the pupil dilated; a sort of amaurosis.</def> <i>Youatt.</i></p>

<p><hw>Glass"-faced`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Mirror- faced; reflecting the sentiments of another.</def> [R.] "The <i>glass-faced</i> flatterer." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Glass"ful</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Glassfuls</b></plw> (&?;). <def>The contents of a glass; as much of anything as a glass will hold.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glass"ful</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Glassy; shining like glass.</def> [Obs.] "Minerva's <i>glassful</i> shield." <i>Marston.</i></p>

<p><hw>Glass"-gaz`ing</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Given to viewing one's self in a glass or mirror; finical.</def> [Poetic] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Glass"house`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A house where glass is made; a commercial house that deals in glassware.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glass"i*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>So as to resemble glass.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glass"i*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality of being glassy.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glass"ite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A member of a Scottish sect, founded in the 18th century by John <i>Glass</i>, a minister of the Established Church of Scotland, who taught that justifying faith is "no more than a simple assent to the divine testimone passively recived by the understanding." The English and American adherents of this faith are called <i>Sandemanians</i>, after Robert <i>Sandeman</i>, the son-in-law and disciple of Glass.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glass" mak`er</hw> (?), or <hw>Glass"mak`er</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who makes, or manufactures, glass.</def> — <wf>Glass" mak`ing</wf>, or <wf>Glass"mak`ing</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Glass"-rope`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A remarkable vitreous sponge, of the genus <i>Hyalonema</i>, first brought from Japan. It has a long stem, consisting of a bundle of long and large, glassy, siliceous fibers, twisted together.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glass"-snail`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A small, transparent, land snail, of the genus <i>Vitrina</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glass"-snake`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A long, footless lizard (<i>Ophiosaurus ventralis</i>), of the Southern United States; — so called from its fragility, the tail easily breaking into small pieces. It grows to the length of three feet. The name is applied also to similar species found in the Old World.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glass"-sponge`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A siliceous sponge, of the genus <i>Hyalonema</i>, and allied genera; — so called from their glassy fibers or spicules; — called also <i>vitreous sponge</i>. See <u>Glass-rope</u>, and <u>Euplectella</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glass"ware</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Ware, or articles collectively, made of glass.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glass"work`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Manufacture of glass; articles or ornamentation made of glass.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glass"wort`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A seashore plant of the Spinach family (<i>Salicornia herbacea</i>), with succulent jointed stems; also, a prickly plant of the same family (<i>Salsola Kali</i>), both formerly burned for the sake of the ashes, which yield soda for making glass and soap.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glass"y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Made of glass; vitreous; as, a <i>glassy</i> substance.</def> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Resembling glass in its properties, as in smoothness, brittleness, or transparency; as, a <i>glassy</i> stream; a <i>glassy</i> surface; the <i>glassy</i> deep.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Dull; wanting life or fire; lackluster; — said of the eyes.</def> "In his <i>glassy</i> eye." <i>Byron.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Glassy feldspar</b></col> <i>(Min.)</i>, <cd>a variety of orthoclase; sanidine.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Glas"ton*bur*y thorn`</hw> (?). <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A variety of the common hawthorn.</def> <i>Loudon.</i></p>

<p><hw>Glas"ynge</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Glazing or glass.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Glau"ber*ite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From <i>Glauber</i>, a German chemist, died 1668: cf. F. <i>glaub&eacute;rite</i>, G. <i>glauberit</i>.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>A mineral, consisting of the sulphates of soda and lime.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glau"ber's salt`</hw> (?) or <hw>Glau"ber's salts`</hw> (&?;). [G. <i>glaubersalz</i>, from <i>Glauber</i>, a German chemist who discovered it. See <u>Glauberite</u>.] <def>Sulphate of soda, a well- known cathartic. It is a white crystalline substance, with a cooling, slightly bitter taste, and is commonly called "<i>salts</i>."</def></p>

<p>&fist; It occurs naturally and abundantly in some mineral springs, and in many salt deposits, as the mineral <i>mirabilite</i>. It is manufactured in large quantities as an intermediate step in the "soda process," and also for use in glass making.</p>

<p><hw>Glau*ces"cent</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See <u>Glaucous</u>.] <def>Having a somewhat glaucous appearance or nature; becoming glaucous.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glau"cic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to the <i>Glaucium</i> or horned poppy; — formerly applied to an acid derived from it, now known to be fumaric acid.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glau"cine</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Glaucous or glaucescent.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glau"cine</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>An alkaloid obtained from the plant <i>Glaucium</i>, as a bitter, white, crystalline substance.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glau"co*dot</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>glayko`s</grk> silvery, gray + <grk>dido`nai</grk> to give.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>A metallic mineral having a grayish tin-white color, and containing cobalt and iron, with sulphur and arsenic.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Glau*co"ma</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., fr. Gr. <grk>glay`kwma</grk>, fr. <grk>glayko`s</grk> light gray, blue gray.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Dimness or abolition of sight, with a diminution of transparency, a bluish or greenish tinge of the refracting media of the eye, and a hard inelastic condition of the eyeball, with marked increase of tension within the eyeball.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glau*co"ma*tous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having the nature of glaucoma.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glau*com"e*ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Gleucometer</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glau"co*nite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>glauconite</i>, <i>glauconie</i>, fr. L. <i>glaucus</i>. See <u>Glaucous</u>.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>The green mineral characteristic of the greensand of the chalk and other formations. It is a hydrous silicate of iron and potash. See <u>Greensand</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glau"co*phane</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>glayko`s</grk> silvery, gray + <grk>fai`nesqai</grk> to appear.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>A mineral of a dark bluish color, related to amphibole. It is characteristic of certain crystalline rocks.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Glau*co"sis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. <grk>glay`kwsis</grk>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Glaucoma</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glau"cous</hw> (gl&add;"k&ubreve;s), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>glaucus</i>, Gr. <grk>glayko`s</grk>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Of a sea-green color; of a dull green passing into grayish blue.</def> <i>Lindley.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Covered with a fine bloom or fine white powder easily rubbed off, as that on a blue plum, or on a cabbage leaf.</def> <i>Gray.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Glau"cus</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., sea green.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A genus of nudibranchiate mollusks, found in the warmer latitudes, swimming in the open sea. These mollusks are beautifully colored with blue and silvery white.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glaum</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [Etymol. uncertain.] <def>To grope with the hands, as in the dark.</def> [Scot.]</p>

<p><col><b>To glaum at</b></col>, <cd>to grasp or snatch at; to aspire to.</cd></p>

<p><blockquote>Wha <i>glaum'd at</i> kingdoms three.</blockquote> <i>Burns.</i></p>

<p><hw>Glave</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Glaive</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glav"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [Of Celtic origin; cf. W. <i>glafr</i> flattery.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To prate; to jabber; to babble.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Here many, clepid filosophirs, <i>glavern</i> diversely.</blockquote> <i>Wyclif.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To flatter; to wheedle.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Some slavish, <i>glavering</i>, flattering parasite.</blockquote> <i>South.</i></p>

<p><hw>Glav"er*er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A flatterer.</def> [Obs.] <i>Mir. for Mag.</i></p>

<p><hw>Glay"more`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A claymore.</def> <i>Johnson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Glaze</hw> (gl&amacr;z), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Glazed</u> (gl&amacr;zd); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Glazing</u>.] [OE. <i>glasen</i>, <i>glazen</i>, fr. <i>glas</i>. See <u>Glass</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To furnish (a window, a house, a sash, a case, etc.) with glass.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Two cabinets daintily paved, richly handed, and <i>glazed</i> with crystalline glass.</blockquote> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To incrust, cover, or overlay with a thin surface, consisting of, or resembling, glass; as, to <i>glaze</i> earthenware; hence, to render smooth, glasslike, or glossy; as, to <i>glaze</i> paper, gunpowder, and the like.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Sorrow's eye <i>glazed</i> with blinding tears.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Paint.)</i> <def>To apply thinly a transparent or semitransparent color to (another color), to modify the effect.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glaze</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To become glazed of glassy.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glaze</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The vitreous coating of pottery or porcelain; anything used as a coating or color in glazing. See <u>Glaze</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>, 3.</def> <i>Ure.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Cookery)</i> <def>Broth reduced by boiling to a gelatinous paste, and spread thinly over braised dishes.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A glazing oven. See <u>Glost oven</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glaz"en</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [AS. <i>gl&aelig;sen</i>.] <def>Resembling glass; glasslike; glazed.</def> [Obs.] <i>Wyclif.</i></p>

<p><hw>Glaz"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who applies glazing, as in pottery manufacture, etc.; one who gives a glasslike or glossy surface to anything; a calenderer or smoother of cloth, paper, and the like.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A tool or machine used in glazing, polishing, smoothing, etc.; amoung cutlers and lapidaries, a wooden wheel covered with emery, or having a band of lead and tin alloy, for polishing cutlery, etc.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gla"zier</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From <u>Glaze</u>.] <def>One whose business is to set glass.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Glazier's diamond</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Diamond</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Glaz"ing</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act or art of setting glass; the art of covering with a vitreous or glasslike substance, or of polishing or rendering glossy.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The glass set, or to be set, in a sash, frame. etc.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>The glass, glasslike, or glossy substance with which any surface is incrusted or overlaid; as, the <i>glazing</i> of pottery or porcelain, or of paper.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Paint.)</i> <def>Transparent, or semitransparent, colors passed thinly over other colors, to modify the effect.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glaz"y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having a glazed appearance; — said of the fractured surface of some kinds of pin iron.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glead</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A live coal. See <u>Gleed</u>.</def> [Archaic]</p>

<p><hw>Gleam</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [Cf. OE. <i>glem</i> birdlime, glue, phlegm, and E. <i>englaimed</i>.] <i>(Falconry)</i> <def>To disgorge filth, as a hawk.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gleam</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>glem</i>, <i>gleam</i>, AS. <i>gl&aelig;m</i>, prob. akin to E. <i>glimmer</i>, and perh. to Gr. &?; warm, &?; to warm. Cf. <u>Glitter</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A shoot of light; a small stream of light; a beam; a ray; a glimpse.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Transient unexpected <i>gleams</i> of joi.</blockquote> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>At last a <i>gleam</i><BR> Of dawning light turned thitherward in haste<BR> His [Satan's] traveled steps.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>A glimmer, and then a <i>gleam</i> of light.</blockquote> <i>Longfellow.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Brightness; splendor.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>In the clear azure <i>gleam</i> the flocks are seen.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gleam</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Gleamed</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Gleaming</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To shoot, or dart, as rays of light; as, at the dawn, light <i>gleams</i> in the east.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To shine; to cast light; to glitter.</def></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — To <u>Gleam</u>, <u>Glimmer</u>, <u>Glitter</u>. To <i>gleam</i> denotes a faint but distinct emission of light. To <i>glimmer</i> describes an indistinct and unsteady giving of light. To <i>glitter</i> imports a brightness that is intense, but varying. The morning light <i>gleams</i> upon the earth; a distant taper <i>glimmers</i> through the mist; a dewdrop <i>glitters</i> in the sun. See <u>Flash</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Gleam</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To shoot out (flashes of light, etc.).</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Dying eyes <i>gleamed</i> forth their ashy lights.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gleam"y</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Darting beams of light; casting light in rays; flashing; coruscating.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>In brazed arms, that cast a <i>gleamy</i> ray,<BR> Swift through the town the warrior bends his way.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><! p. 630 !></p>

<p><hw>Glean</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Gleaned</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Gleaning</u>.] [OE. <i>glenen</i>, OF. <i>glener</i>, <i>glaner</i>, F. <i>glaner</i>, fr. LL. <i>glenare</i>; cf. W. <i>glan</i> clean, <i>glanh&?;u</i> to clean, purify, or AS. <i>gelm</i>, <i>gilm</i>, a hand&?;ul.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To gather after a reaper; to collect in scattered or fragmentary parcels, as the grain left by a reaper, or grapes left after the gathering.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>To <i>glean</i> the broken ears after the man<BR> That the main harvest reaps.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To gather from (a field or vineyard) what is left.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To collect with patient and minute labor; to pick out; to obtain.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Content to <i>glean</i> what we can from . . . experiments.</blockquote> <i>Locke.</i></p>

<p><hw>Glean</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To gather stalks or ears of grain left by reapers.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>And she went, and came, and <i>gleaned</i> in the field after the reapers.</blockquote> <i>Ruth ii. 3.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To pick up or gather anything by degrees.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Piecemeal they this acre first, then that;<BR> <i>Glean</i> on, and gather up the whole estate.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><hw>Glean</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A collection made by gleaning.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>gleans</i> of yellow thyme distend his thighs.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Glean</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Cleaning; afterbirth.</def> [Obs.] <i>Holland.</i></p>

<p><hw>Glean"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who gathers after reapers.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>One who gathers slowly with labor.</def> <i>Locke.</i></p>

<p><hw>Glean"ing</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The act of gathering after reapers; that which is collected by gleaning.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Glenings</i> of natural knowledge.</blockquote> <i>Cook.</i></p>

<p><hw>Glebe</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>gl&egrave;be</i>, L. <i>gleba</i>, <i>glaeba</i>, clod, land, soil.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A lump; a clod.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Turf; soil; ground; sod.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Fertile of corn the <i>glebe</i>, of oil, and wine.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Eccl. Law)</i> <def>The land belonging, or yielding revenue, to a parish church or ecclesiastical benefice.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glebe"less</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having no glebe.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gle*bos"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality of being glebous.</def> [R.]</p>

<p>{ <hw>Gleb"ous</hw> (?), <hw>Gleb"y</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. L. <i>glaebosus</i> cloddy.] <def>Pertaining to the glebe; turfy; cloddy; fertile; fruitful.</def> "<i>Gleby</i> land." <i>Prior.</i></p>

<p><hw>Glede</hw> (gl&emacr;d), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>glida</i>, akin to Icel. <i>gle&eth;a</i>, Sw. <i>glada</i>. Cf. <u>Glide</u>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos>] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The common European kite (<i>Milvus ictinus</i>). This name is also sometimes applied to the buzzard.</def> [Written also <i>glead</i>, <i>gled</i>, <i>gleed</i>, <i>glade</i>, and <i>glide</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Glede</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Gleed</u>.] <def>A live coal.</def> [Archaic]</p>

<p><blockquote>The cruel ire, red as any <i>glede</i>.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Glee</hw> (gl&emacr;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>gle</i>, <i>gleo</i>, AS. <i>gle&oacute;w</i>, <i>gle&oacute;</i>, akin to Icel. <i>gl&ymacr;</i>: cf. Gr. <grk>chley`n</grk> joke, jest.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Music; minstrelsy; entertainment.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Joy; merriment; mirth; gayety; paricularly, the mirth enjoyed at a feast.</def> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Mus.)</i> <def>An unaccompanied part song for three or more solo voices. It is not necessarily gleesome.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gleed</hw> (gl&emacr;d), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>gl&emacr;d</i>, fr. <i>gl&omacr;wan</i> to glow as a fire; akin to D. <i>gloed</i>, G. <i>glut</i>, Icel. <i>gl&omacr;&eth;</i>. See <u>Glow</u>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos>] <def>A live or glowing coal; a glede.</def> [Archaic] <i>Chaucer. Longfellow.</i></p>

<p><hw>Glee"ful</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Merry; gay; joyous.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gleek</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Prob. fr. Icel. <i>leika</i> to play, play a trick on, with the prefix <i>ge-</i>; akin to AS. <i>gel&amacr;can</i>, Sw. <i>leka</i> to play, Dan. <i>lege</i>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A jest or scoff; a trick or deception.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Where's the Bastard's braves, and Charles his <i>gleeks</i> ?</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> [Cf. <u>Glicke</u>] <def>An enticing look or glance.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>A pretty <i>gleek</i> coming from Pallas' eye.</blockquote> <i>Beau. & Fl.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gleek</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To make sport; to gibe; to sneer; to spend time idly.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gleek</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>glic</i>, G. <i>gl&uuml;ck</i>, fortune. See <u>Luck</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A game at cards, once popular, played by three persons.</def> [Obs.] <i>Pepys. Evelyn.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Three of the same cards held in the same hand; — hence, three of anything.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Glee"man</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Gleemen</b></plw> (#). [<i>Glee</i> + <i>man</i>; AS. <i>gle&oacute;man</i>.] <def>A name anciently given to an itinerant minstrel or musician.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gleen</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [Cf. <u>Glance</u>, <u>Glint</u>.] <def>To glisten; to gleam.</def> [Obs.] <i>Prior.</i></p>

<p><hw>Glee"some</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Merry; joyous; gleeful.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gleet</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>glette</i>, <i>glet</i>, <i>glat</i>, mucus, pus, filth, OF. <i>glete</i>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>A transparent mucous discharge from the membrane of the urethra, commonly an effect of gonorrhea.</def> <i>Hoblyn.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gleet</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To flow in a thin, limpid humor; to ooze, as gleet.</def> <i>Wiseman.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To flow slowly, as water.</def> <i>Cheyne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gleet"y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Ichorous; thin; limpid.</def> <i>Wiseman.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gleg</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Icel. <i>gl&ouml;ggr</i>.] <def>Quick of perception; alert; sharp.</def> [Scot.] <i>Jamieson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gleire</hw> (?), <hw>Gleyre</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Glair</u>.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Glen</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Of Celtic origin; cf. W. <i>glyn</i> a deep valley, Ir. & Gael. <i>gleann</i> valley, glen.] <def>A secluded and narrow valley; a dale; a depression between hills.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>And wooes the widow's daughter of the <i>glen</i>.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Glen*liv"at</hw> (?), <hw>Glen*liv"et</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A kind of Scotch whisky, named from the district in which it was first made.</def> <i>W. E. Aytoun.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gle"noid</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;; &?; socket of a joint + &?; form; cf. F. <i>gl&eacute;no&iuml;de</i>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Having the form of a smooth and shallow depression; socketlike; — applied to several articular surfaces of bone; as, the <i>glenoid</i> cavity, or fossa, of the scapula, in which the head of the humerus articulates.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gle*noid"al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Glenoid.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glent</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. & v.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Glint</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gleu*com"e*ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; must + <i>-meter</i>: cf. F. <i>gleucom&egrave;tre</i>.] <def>An instrument for measuring the specific gravity and ascertaining the quantity of sugar contained in must.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glew</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Glue</u>.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Gley</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [OE. <i>gli&yogh;en</i>, <i>glien</i>, <i>gleien</i>, to shine, to squint; cf. Icel. <i>glj&amacr;</i> to glitter.] <def>To squint; to look obliquely; to overlook things.</def> [Scot.] <i>Jamieson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gley</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>Asquint; askance; obliquely.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gli"a*din</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; glue: cf. F. <i>gliadine</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Vegetable glue or gelatin; glutin. It is one of the constituents of wheat gluten, and is a tough, amorphous substance, which resembles animal glue or gelatin.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glib</hw> (gl&ibreve;b), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<pos><i>Compar.</i></pos> <u>Glibber</u> (?); <pos><i>superl.</i></pos> <u>Glibbest</u> (?).] [Prob. fr. D. <i>glibberen</i>, <i>glippen</i>, to slide, <i>glibberig</i>, <i>glipperig</i>, glib, slippery.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Smooth; slippery; as, ice is <i>glib</i>.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Speaking or spoken smoothly and with flippant rapidity; fluent; voluble; as, a <i>glib</i> tongue; a <i>glib</i> speech.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I want that <i>glib</i> and oily art,<BR> To speak and purpose not.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Slippery; smooth; fluent; voluble; flippant.</p>

<p><hw>Glib</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To make glib.</def> [Obs.] <i>Bp. Hall.</i></p>

<p><hw>Glib</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Ir. & Gael. <i>glib</i> a lock of hair.] <def>A thick lock of hair, hanging over the eyes.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>The Irish have, from the Scythians, mantles and long <i>glibs</i>, which is a thick curied bush of hair hanging down over their eyes, and monstrously disguising them.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Their wild costume of the <i>glib</i> and mantle.</blockquote> <i>Southey.</i></p>

<p><hw>Glib</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [Cf. O. & Prov. E. <i>lib</i> to castrate, geld, Prov. Dan. <i>live</i>, LG. & OD. <i>lubben</i>.] <def>To castrate; to geld; to emasculate.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Glib"ber*y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Slippery; changeable.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>My love is <i>glibbery</i>; there is no hold on't.</blockquote> <i>Marston.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Moving easily; nimble; voluble.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Thy lubrical and <i>glibbery</i> muse.</blockquote> <i>B. Jonson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Glib"ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a glib manner; as, to speak <i>glibly</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glib"ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality of being glib.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glicke</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. <u>Gleek</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, 2, and Ir. & Gael. <i>glic</i> wise, cunning, crafty.] <def>An ogling look.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Glid"den</hw> (?), obs. <def><pos><i>p. p.</i></pos> of <u>Glide</u>.</def> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Glid"der</hw> (?), <hw>Glid"der*y</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. <u>Glide</u>.] <def>Giving no sure footing; smooth; slippery.</def> [Prov. Eng.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Shingle, slates, and <i>gliddery</i> stones.</blockquote> <i>R. D. Blackmore.</i></p>

<p><hw>Glide</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The glede or kite.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glide</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Glided</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Gliding</u>.] [AS. <i>gl&imacr;dan</i>; akin to D. <i>glijden</i>, OHG. <i>gl&imacr;tan</i>, G. <i>gleiten</i>, Sw. <i>glida</i>, Dan. <i>glide</i>, and prob. to E. <i>glad</i>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To move gently and smoothly; to pass along without noise, violence, or apparent effort; to pass rapidly and easily, or with a smooth, silent motion, as a river in its channel, a bird in the air, a skater over ice.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The river <i>glideth</i> at his own sweet will.</blockquote> <i>Wordsworth.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Phon.)</i> <def>To pass with a glide, as the voice.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glide</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act or manner of moving smoothly, swiftly, and without labor or obstruction.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>They prey at last ensnared, he dreadful darts,<BR> With rapid <i>glide</i>, along the leaning line.</blockquote> <i>Thomson.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Seeing Orlando, it unlink'd itself,<BR> And with indented <i>glides</i> did slip away.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Phon.)</i> <def>A transitional sound in speech which is produced by the changing of the mouth organs from one definite position to another, and with gradual change in the most frequent cases; as in passing from the begining to the end of a regular diphthong, or from vowel to consonant or consonant to vowel in a syllable, or from one component to the other of a double or diphthongal consonant (see <i>Guide to Pronunciation</i>, &sect;&sect; 19, 161, 162). Also (by Bell and others), the vanish (or brief final element) or the brief initial element, in a class of diphthongal vowels, or the brief final or initial part of some consonants (see <i>Guide to Pronunciation</i>, &sect;&sect; 18, 97, 191).</def></p>

<p>&fist; The <i>on-glide</i> of a vowel or consonant is the glidemade in passing to it, the <i>off-glide</i>, one made in passing from it. Glides of the other sort are distinguished as <i>initial</i> or <i>final</i>, or <i>fore-glides</i> and <i>after-glides</i>. For <i>voice-glide</i>, see <i>Guide to Pronunciation</i>, &sect;&sect; 17, 95.</p>

<p><hw>Glid"en</hw> (?), obs. <def><pos><i>p. p.</i></pos> of <u>Glide</u>.</def> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Glid"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who, or that which, glides.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glid"ing*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a gliding manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gliff</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. OE. <i>gliffen</i>, <i>gliften</i>, to look with fear at.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A transient glance; an unexpected view of something that startles one; a sudden fear.</def> [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] <i>Halliwell.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A moment: as, for a <i>gliff</i>.</def> [Scot.] <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><hw>Glike</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Gleek</u> a jest.] <def>A sneer; a flout.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Glim</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Brightness; splendor.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A light or candle.</def> [Slang] <i>Dickens.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Douse the glim</b></col>, <cd>put out the light.</cd> [Slang]</p>

<p><hw>Glim"mer</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Glimmered</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Glimmering</u>.] [Akin to G. <i>glimmer</i> a faint, trembling light, mica, <i>glimmern</i> to glimmer, <i>glimmen</i> to shine faintly, glow, Sw. <i>glimma</i>, Dan. <i>glimre</i>, D. <i>glimmen</i>, <i>glimpen</i>. See <u>Gleam</u> a ray, and cf. <u>Glimpse</u>.] <def>To give feeble or scattered rays of light; to shine faintly; to show a faint, unsteady light; as, the <i>glimmering</i> dawn; a <i>glimmering</i> lamp.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The west yet <i>glimmers</i> with some streaks of day.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — To gleam; to glitter. See <u>Gleam</u>, <u>Flash</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Glim"mer</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A faint, unsteady light; feeble, scattered rays of light; also, a gleam.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Gloss of satin and <i>glimmer</i> of pearls.</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Mica. See <u>Mica</u>.</def> <i>Woodsward.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Glimmer gowk</b></col>, <cd>an owl.</cd> [Prov. Eng.] <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Glim"mer*ing</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Faint, unsteady light; a glimmer.</def> <i>South.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A faint view or idea; a glimpse; an inkling.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glimpse</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [For <i>glimse</i>, from the root of <i>glimmer</i>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A sudden flash; transient luster.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>LIght as the lightning <i>glimpse</i> they ran.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A short, hurried view; a transitory or fragmentary perception; a quick sight.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Here hid by shrub wood, there by <i>glimpses</i> seen.</blockquote> <i>S. Rogers.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A faint idea; an inkling.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glimpse</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Glimpsed</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Glimpsing</u>.] <def>to appear by glimpses; to catch glimpses.</def> <i>Drayton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Glimpse</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To catch a glimpse of; to see by glimpses; to have a short or hurried view of.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Some <i>glimpsing</i> and no perfect sight.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Glint</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>glent</i>.] <def>A glimpse, glance, or gleam.</def> [Scot.] "He saw a <i>glint</i> of light." <i>Ramsay.</i></p>

<p><hw>Glint</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Glinted</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Glinting</u>.] [OE. <i>glenten</i>. Cf. <u>Glance</u>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos>, <u>Glitter</u>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos>] <def>To glance; to peep forth, as a flower from the bud; to glitter.</def> <i>Burns.</i></p>

<p><hw>Glint</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To glance; to turn; as, to <i>glint</i> the eye.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Gli*o"ma</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?; glue + <i>-oma</i>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>A tumor springing from the neuroglia or connective tissue of the brain, spinal cord, or other portions of the nervous system.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Gli"res</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [L., dormice.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>An order of mammals; the Rodentia.</def> — <wf>Gli"rine</wf> (#), <pos><i>a.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>||Glis`sade"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., fr. <i>glisser</i> to slip.] <def>A sliding, as down a snow slope in the Alps.</def> <i>Tyndall.</i></p>

<p><hw>Glis*san"do</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. & a.</i></pos> [As if It. = Fr. <i>glissant</i> sliding.] <i>(Mus.)</i> <def>A gliding effect; gliding.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Glis*sette"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., fr. <i>glisser</i> to slip.] <i>(Math.)</i> <def>The locus described by any point attached to a curve that slips continuously on another fixed curve, the movable curve having no rotation at any instant.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From <u>Glisten</u>.] <def>Glimmer; mica.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glis"ten</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Glistened</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Glistening</u> (?).] [OE. <i>glistnian</i>, akin to <i>glisnen</i>, <i>glisien</i>, AS. <i>glisian</i>, <i>glisnian</i>, akin to E. <i>glitter</i>. See <u>Glitter</u>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos>, and cf. <u>Glister</u>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos>] <def>To sparkle or shine; especially, to shine with a mild, subdued, and fitful luster; to emit a soft, scintillating light; to gleam; as, the <i>glistening</i> stars.</def></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — See <u>Flash</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Glis"ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Glistered</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Glistering</u>.] [OE. <i>glistren</i>; akin to G. <i>glistern</i>,<i>glinstern</i>, D. <i>glinsteren</i>, and E. <i>glisten</i>. See <u>Glisten</u>.] <def>To be bright; to sparkle; to be brilliant; to shine; to glisten; to glitter.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>All that <i>glisters</i> is not gold.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Glis"ter</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Glitter; luster.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glis"ter</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. OF. <i>glistere</i>.] Same as <u>Clyster</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Glis"ter*ing*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a glistering manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glit"ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Glittered</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Glittering</u>.] [OE. <i>gliteren</i>; akin to Sw. <i>glittra</i>, Icel. <i>glitra</i>, <i>glita</i>, AS. <i>glitenian</i>, OS. <i>gl&imacr;tan</i>, OHG. <i>gl&imacr;zzan</i>, G. <i>gleissen</i>, Goth. <i>glitmunjan</i>, and also to E. <i>glint</i>, <i>glisten</i>, and prob. <i>glance</i>, <i>gleam</i>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To sparkle with light; to shine with a brilliant and broken light or showy luster; to gleam; as, a <i>glittering</i> sword.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The field yet <i>glitters</i> with the pomp of war.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To be showy, specious, or striking, and hence attractive; as, the <i>glittering</i> scenes of a court.</def></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — To gleam; to glisten; to shine; to sparkle; to glare. See <u>Gleam</u>, <u>Flash</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Glit"ter</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A bright, sparkling light; brilliant and showy luster; brilliancy; as, the <i>glitter</i> of arms; the <i>glitter</i> of royal equipage.</def> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Glit"ter*and</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Glittering.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Glit"ter*ing*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a glittering manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gloam</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [See <u>Gloom</u>, <u>Glum</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To begin to grow dark; to grow dusky.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To be sullen or morose.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Gloam</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The twilight; gloaming.</def> [R.] <i>Keats.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gloam"ing</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Gloom</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Twilight; dusk; the fall of the evening.</def> [Scot. & North of Eng., and in poetry.] <i>Hogg.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Sullenness; melancholy.</def> [Obs.] <i>J. Still.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gloar</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [OD. gloeren, glueren, gluyeren. Cf. <u>Glower</u>.] <def>To squint; to stare.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Gloat</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Gloated</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Gloating</u>.] [Akin to Icel. <i>glotta</i> to smile scornfully, G. <i>glotzen</i> to gloat.] <def>To look steadfastly; to gaze earnestly; — usually in a bad sense, to gaze with malignant satisfaction, passionate desire, lust, or avarice.</def> </p>

<p><blockquote>In vengeance <i>gloating</i> on another's pain.</blockquote> <i>Byron.</i></p>

<p><hw>Glo"bard</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>globerde</i>, from <i>glow</i>.] <def>A glowworm.</def> [>Obs.] <i>Holland.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Glo"bate</hw> (?), <hw>Glo"ba*ted</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>globatus</i>, p. p. of <i>globare</i> to make into a ball, fr. <i>globus</i> ball.] <def>Having the form of a globe; spherical.</def></p>

<p><hw>Globe</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>globus</i>, perh. akin to L. <i>glomus</i> a ball of yarn, and E. <i>clump</i>, <i>golf</i>: cf. F. <i>globe</i>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A round or spherical body, solid or hollow; a body whose surface is in every part equidistant from the center; a ball; a sphere.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Anything which is nearly spherical or globular in shape; as, the <i>globe</i> of the eye; the <i>globe</i> of a lamp.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>The earth; the terraqueous ball; — usually preceded by the definite article.</def> <i>Locke.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>A round model of the world; a spherical representation of the earth or heavens; as, a terrestrial or celestial <i>globe</i>; — called also <i>artificial globe</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>A body of troops, or of men or animals, drawn up in a circle; — a military formation used by the Romans, answering to the modern infantry square.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Him round<BR> A <i>globe</i> of fiery seraphim inclosed.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Globe amaranth</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>a plant of the genus <i>Gomphrena</i> (<i>G. globosa</i>), bearing round heads of variously colored flowers, which long retain color when gathered.</cd> — <col><b>Globe animalcule</b></col>, <cd>a small, globular, locomotive organism (<i>Volvox globator</i>), once throught to be an animal, afterward supposed to be a colony of microscopic alg&aelig;.</cd> — <col><b>Globe of compression</b></col> <i>(Mil.)</i>, <cd>a kind of mine producing a wide crater; — called also <i>overcharged mine</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Globe daisy</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>a plant or flower of the genus <i>Globularing</i>, common in Europe. The flowers are minute and form globular heads.</cd> — <col><b>Globe sight</b></col>, <cd>a form of front sight placed on target rifles.</cd> — <col><b>Globe slater</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>an isopod crustacean of the genus <i>Spheroma</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Globe thistle</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>a thistlelike plant with the flowers in large globular heads (<i>Cynara Scolymus</i>); also, certain species of the related genus <i>Echinops</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Globe valve</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>A ball valve.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>A valve inclosed in a globular chamber.</cd> <i>Knight.</i></p>

<p><! p. 631 !></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — <u>Globe</u>, <u>Sphere</u>, <u>Orb</u>, <u>Ball</u>. — <i>Globe</i> denotes a round, and usually a solid body; <i>sphere</i> is the term applied in astronomy to such a body, or to the concentric spheres or orbs of the old astronomers; <i>orb</i> is used, especially in poetry, for globe or sphere, and also for the pathway of a heavenly body; <i>ball</i> is applied to the heavenly bodies concieved of as impelled through space.</p>

<p><hw>Globe</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Globed</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Globing</u>.] <def>To gather or form into a globe.</def></p>

<p><hw>Globe"fish`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A plectognath fish of the genera <i>Diodon</i>, <i>Tetrodon</i>, and allied genera. The globefishes can suck in water or air and distend the body to a more or less globular form. Called also <i>porcupine fish</i>, and <i>sea hedgehog</i>. See <u>Diodon</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Globe"flow`er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A plant of the genus <i>Trollius</i> (<i>T. Europ&aelig;us</i>), found in the mountainous parts of Europe, and producing handsome globe-shaped flowers.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The American plant <i>Trollius laxus</i>.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Japan globeflower</b></col>. <cd>See <u>Corchorus</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Globe"-shaped`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Shaped like a globe.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glo*bif"er*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Globe</i> + <i>-ferous</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Having a round or globular tip.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Glo*big`e*ri"na</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Globigerin&aelig;</b></plw> (#). [NL., fr. L. <i>globus</i> a round body + <i>gerere</i> to bear.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A genus of small Foraminifera, which live abundantly at or near the surface of the sea. Their dead shells, falling to the bottom, make up a large part of the soft mud, generally found in depths below 3,000 feet, and called <i>globigerina ooze</i>. See <i>Illust.</i> of <u>Foraminifera</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glo*bose"</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>globosus</i>.] <def>Having a rounded form resembling that of a globe; globular, or nearly so; spherical.</def> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Glo*bose"ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a globular manner; globularly.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glo*bos"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>globositas</i>: cf. F. <i>globosit&eacute;</i>.] <def>Sphericity.</def> <i>Ray.</i></p>

<p><hw>Glo"bous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See <u>Globose</u>.] <def>Spherical.</def> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Glob"u*lar</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>globulaire</i>.] <def>Globe-shaped; having the form of a ball or sphere; spherical, or nearly so; as, <i>globular</i> atoms.</def> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Globular chart</b></col>, <cd>a chart of the earth's surface constructed on the principles of the globular projection.</cd> — <col><b>Globular projection</b></col> <i>(Map Projection)</i>, <cd>a perspective projection of the surface of a hemisphere upon a plane parallel to the base of the hemisphere, the point of sight being taken in the axis produced beyond the surface of the opposite hemisphere a distance equal to the radius of the sphere into the sine of 45&deg;.</cd> — <col><b>Globular sailing</b></col>, <cd>sailing on the arc of a great circle, or so as to make the shortest distance between two places; circular sailing.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Glob`u*lar"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The state of being globular; globosity; sphericity.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glob"u*lar*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>Spherically.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glob"u*lar*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Sphericity; globosity.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glob"ule</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>globulus</i>, dim. of <i>globus</i> globe: cf. F. <i>globule</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A little globe; a small particle of matter, of a spherical form.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Globules</i> of snow.</blockquote> <i>Sir I. Newton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>These minute <i>globules</i> [a mole's eyes] are sunk . . . deeply in the skull.</blockquote> <i>Paley.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>A minute spherical or rounded structure; as blood, lymph, and pus corpuscles, minute fungi, spores, etc.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A little pill or pellet used by homeopathists.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glob"u*let</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A little globule.</def> <i>Crabb.</i></p>

<p><hw>Glob`u*lif"er*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Globule</i> + <i>-ferous</i>.] <def>Bearing globules; in geology, used of rocks, and denoting a variety of concretionary structure, where the concretions are isolated globules and evenly distributed through the texture of the rock.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glob`u*lim"e*ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Globule</i> + <i>-meter</i>.] <i>(Physiol.)</i> <def>An instrument for measuring the number of red blood corpuscles in the blood.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The method depends on the differences of tint obtained by mixing a sample of the blood with sodium carbonate solution.</p>

<p><hw>Glob"u*lin</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From <u>Globule</u>: cf. F. <i>globuline</i>.] <i>(Phisiol. Chem.)</i> <def>An albuminous body, insoluble in water, but soluble in dilute solutions of salt. It is present in the red blood corpuscles united with h&aelig;matin to form h&aelig;moglobin. It is also found in the crystalline lens of the eye, and in blood serum, and is sometimes called <i>crystallin</i>. In the plural the word is applied to a group of proteid substances such as vitellin, myosin, fibrinogen, etc., all insoluble in water, but soluble in dilute salt solutions.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glob"u*lite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Globule</u>.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>A rudimentary form of crystallite, spherical in shape.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glob"u*lous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>globuleux</i>.] <def>Globular; spherical; orbicular.</def> — <wf>Glob"u*lous*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Glob"y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Resembling, or pertaining to, a globe; round; orbicular.</def> "The <i>globy</i> sea." <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Glo*chid"i*ate</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; point of an arrow.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Having barbs; as, <i>glochidiate</i> bristles.</def> <i>Gray.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Glo*chid"i*um</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Glochidia</b></plw> (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; the point of an arrow.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The larva or young of the mussel, formerly thought to be a parasite upon the parent's gills.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glode</hw> (?), obs. <def><pos><i>imp.</i></pos> of <u>Glide</u>.</def> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Glombe</hw> (?), <hw>Glome</hw> (?), } <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To gloom; to look gloomy, morose, or sullen.</def> [Obs.] <i>Surrey.</i></p>

<p><hw>Glome</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Gloom.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Glome</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>glomus</i> a ball. Cf. <u>Globe</u>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>One of the two prominences at the posterior extremity of the frog of the horse's foot.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glom"er*ate</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>glomeratus</i>, p. p. of <i>glomerare</i> to glomerate, from <i>glomus</i>. See 3d <u>Glome</u>.] <def>Gathered together in a roundish mass or dense cluster; conglomerate.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glom"er*ate</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t. & i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Glomerated</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Glomerating</u> (?).] <def>To gather or wind into a ball; to collect into a spherical form or mass, as threads.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glom`er*a"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>glomeratio</i>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of forming or gathering into a ball or round mass; the state of being gathered into a ball; conglomeration.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>That which is formed into a ball; a ball.</def> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><hw>Glom"er*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>glomerosus</i>, fr. <i>glomus</i>. See 3d <u>Glome</u>.] <def>Gathered or formed into a ball or round mass.</def> [Obs.] <i>Blount.</i></p>

<p><hw>Glom"er*ule</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Dim. fr. L. <i>glomus</i> ball.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A head or dense cluster of flowers, formed by condensation of a cyme, as in the flowering dogwood.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>A glomerulus.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Glo*mer"u*lus</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Glomeruli</b></plw> (#). [NL., dim. of L. <i>glomus</i>. See 3d <u>Glome</u>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>The bunch of looped capillary blood vessels in a Malpighian capsule of the kidney.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glom`u*lif"er*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>glomus</i> a ball + <i>-ferous</i>.] <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>Having small clusters of minutely branched coral-like excrescences.</def> <i>M. C. Cooke.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Glon"o*in</hw> <hw>Glon"o*ine</hw> } (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Gl</i>ycerin + <i>o</i>xygen + <i>n</i>itrogen + <i>-in</i>, <i>-ine</i>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Same as <u>Nitroglycerin</u>; — called also <i>oil of glonoin</i>.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>A dilute solution of nitroglycerin used as a neurotic.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gloom</hw> (gl&oomac;m), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>gl&omacr;m</i> twilight, from the root of E. <i>glow</i>. See <u>Glow</u>, and cf. <u>Glum</u>, <u>Gloam</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Partial or total darkness; thick shade; obscurity; as, the <i>gloom</i> of a forest, or of midnight.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A shady, gloomy, or dark place or grove.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Before a <i>gloom</i> of stubborn-shafted oaks.</blockquote> <i>Tennyson .</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Cloudiness or heaviness of mind; melancholy; aspect of sorrow; low spirits; dullness.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A sullen <i>gloom</i> and furious disorder prevailed by fits.</blockquote> <i>Burke.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>In gunpowder manufacture, the drying oven.</def></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Darkness; dimness; obscurity; heaviness; dullness; depression; melancholy; dejection; sadness. See <u>Darkness</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Gloom</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Gloomed</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Glooming</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To shine or appear obscurely or imperfectly; to glimmer.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To become dark or dim; to be or appear dismal, gloomy, or sad; to come to the evening twilight.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The black gibbet <i>glooms</i> beside the way.</blockquote> <i>Goldsmith.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>[This weary day] . . . at last I see it <i>gloom</i>.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gloom</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To render gloomy or dark; to obscure; to darken.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A bow window . . . <i>gloomed</i> with limes.</blockquote> <i>Walpole.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>A black yew <i>gloomed</i> the stagnant air.</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To fill with gloom; to make sad, dismal, or sullen.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Such a mood as that which lately <i>gloomed</i><BR> Your fancy.</blockquote> <i>Tennison.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>What sorrows <i>gloomed</i> that parting day.</blockquote> <i>Goldsmith.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gloom"i*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a gloomy manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gloom"i*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>State of being gloomy.</def> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gloom"ing</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. <u>Gloaming</u>.] <def>Twilight (of morning or evening); the gloaming.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>When the faint <i>glooming</i> in the sky<BR> First lightened into day.</blockquote> <i>Trench.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The balmy <i>glooming</i>, crescent-lit.</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gloomth</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Gloom.</def> [R.] <i>Walpole.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gloom"y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<pos><i>Compar.</i></pos> <u>Gloomier</u> (?); <pos><i>superl.</i></pos> <u>Gloomiest</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Imperfectly illuminated; dismal through obscurity or darkness; dusky; dim; clouded; as, the cavern was <i>gloomy</i>.</def> "Though hid in <i>gloomiest</i> shade." <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Affected with, or expressing, gloom; melancholy; dejected; as, a <i>gloomy</i> temper or countenance.</def></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Dark; dim; dusky; dismal; cloudy; moody; sullen; morose; melancholy; sad; downcast; depressed; dejected; disheartened.</p>

<p><hw>Glop"pen</hw> (gl&obreve;p"p<i>e</i>n), <pos><i>v. t. & i.</i></pos> [OE. <i>glopnen</i> to be frightened, frighten: cf. Icel. <i>gl&umacr;pna</i> to look downcast.] <def>To surprise or astonish; to be startled or astonished.</def> [Prov. Eng.] <i>Halliwell.</i></p>

<p><hw>Glore</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [See <u>Gloar</u>.] <def>To glare; to glower.</def> [Obs.] <i>Halliwell.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Glo"ri*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., glory.] <i>(Eccl.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A doxology (beginning <i>Gloria Patri</i>, Glory be to the Father), sung or said at the end of the Psalms in the service of the Roman Catholic and other churches.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A portion of the Mass (<i>Gloria in Excelsis Deo</i>, Glory be to God on high), and also of the communion service in some churches. In the Episcopal Church the version in English is used.</def> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <def>The musical setting of a gloria.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glo`ri*a"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>gloriatio</i>, from <i>gloriari</i> to glory, boast, fr. <i>gloria</i> glory. See <u>Glory</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <def>Boast; a triumphing.</def> [Obs.] <i>Bp. Richardson.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Internal <i>gloriation</i> or triumph of the mind.</blockquote> <i>Hobbes.</i></p>

<p><hw>Glo"ried</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See <u>Glory</u>.] <def>Illustrious; honorable; noble.</def> [Obs.] <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Glo`ri*fi*ca"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>glorificatio</i>: cf. F. <i>glorification</i>. See <u>Glorify</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of glorifying or of giving glory to.</def> <i>Jer. Taylor.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The state of being glorifed; as, the <i>glorification</i> of Christ after his resurrection.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glo"ri*fy</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Glorified</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Glorifying</u>.] [F. <i>glorifier</i>, L. <i>glorificare</i>; <i>gloria</i> glory + <i>-ficare</i> (in comp.) to make. See <u>- fy</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To make glorious by bestowing glory upon; to confer honor and distinction upon; to elevate to power or happiness, or to celestial glory.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Jesus was not yet <i>glorified</i>.</blockquote> <i>John vii. 39.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To make glorious in thought or with the heart, by ascribing glory to; to acknowledge the excellence of; to render homage to; to magnify in worship; to adore.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>That we for thee may <i>glorify</i> the Lord.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Glo"ri*ole</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>gloriola</i> a small glory, dim. of <i>gloria</i> glory.] <def>An aureole.</def> [R.] <i>Msr. Browning.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Glo`ri*o"sa</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Nl., fr. L. <i>gloriosus</i>. See <u>Glorious</u>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A genus of climbing plants with very showy lilylike blossoms, natives of India.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glo`ri*o"ser</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From L. <i>gloriosus</i> boastful.] <def>A boaster.</def> [Obs.] <i>Greene.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Glo`ri*o"so</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [It.] <def>A boaster.</def> [Obs.] <i>Fuller.</i></p>

<p><hw>Glo"ri*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [OF. <i>glorios</i>, <i>glorious</i>, F. <i>glorieux</i>, fr. L. <i>gloriosus</i>. See <u>Glory</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Exhibiting attributes, qualities, or acts that are worthy of or receive glory; noble; praiseworthy; excellent; splendid; illustrious; inspiring admiration; as, <i>glorious</i> deeds.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>These are thy <i>glorious</i> works, Parent of good !</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Eager for glory or distinction; haughty; boastful; ostentatious; vainglorious.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Most miserable<BR> Is the desire that's <i>glorious</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Ecstatic; hilarious; elated with drink.</def> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><blockquote>kings may be blest, but Tam was <i>glorious</i>,<BR> O'er all the ills of life victorious.</blockquote> <i>Burns.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>During his office treason was no crime,<BR> The sons of Belial had a <i>glorious</i> time.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Eniment; noble; excellent; renowned; illustrious; celebrated; magnificent; grand; splendid.</p>

<p>— <wf>Glo"ri*ous*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Glo"ri*ous*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>Udall.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Sing ye to the Lord, for he hath triumphed <i>gloriously</i>.</blockquote> <i>Ex. xv. 21.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>I speak it not <i>gloriously</i>, nor out of affectation.</blockquote> <i>B. Jonson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Glo"ry</hw> (gl&omacr;"r&ybreve;; 111), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>glorie</i>, OF. <i>glorie</i>, <i>gloire</i>, F. <i>gloire</i>, fr. L. <i>gloria</i>; prob. akin to Gr. <grk>kle`os</grk>, Skr. <i>&ccedil;ravas</i> glory, praise, <i>&ccedil;ru</i> to hear. See <u>Loud</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Praise, honor, admiration, or distinction, accorded by common consent to a person or thing; high reputation; honorable fame; renown.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Glory</i> to God in the highest.</blockquote> <i>Luke ii. 14.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Spread his <i>glory</i> through all countries wide.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>That quality in a person or thing which secures general praise or honor; that which brings or gives renown; an object of pride or boast; the occasion of praise; excellency; brilliancy; splendor.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Think it no <i>glory</i> to swell in tyranny.</blockquote> <i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Jewels lose their <i>glory</i> if neglected.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Your sex's <i>glory</i> 't is to shine unknown.</blockquote> <i>Young.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Pride; boastfulness; arrogance.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>In <i>glory</i> of thy fortunes.</blockquote> <i>Chapman.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>The presence of the Divine Being; the manifestations of the divine nature and favor to the blessed in heaven; celestial honor; heaven.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Thou shalt guide me with thy counsel, and afterward receive me to <i>glory</i>.</blockquote> <i>Ps. lxxiii. 24.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>An emanation of light supposed to proceed from beings of peculiar sanctity. It is represented in art by rays of gold, or the like, proceeding from the head or body, or by a disk, or a mere line.</def></p>

<p>&fist; This is the general term; when confined to the head it is properly called <i>nimbus</i>; when encircling the whole body, <i>aureola</i> or <i>aureole</i>.</p>

<p><col><b>Glory hole</b></col>, <cd>an opening in the wall of a glass furnace, exposing the brilliant white light of the interior.</cd> <i>Knight.</i> — <col><b>Glory pea</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>the name of two leguminous plants (<i>Clianthus Dampieri</i> and <i>C. puniceus</i>) of Australia and New Zeland. They have showy scarlet or crimson flowers.</cd> — <col><b>Glory tree</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>a name given to several species of the verbenaceous genus <i>Clerodendron</i>, showy flowering shrubs of tropical regions.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Glo"ry</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Gloried</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Glorying</u>.] [OE. <i>glorien</i>, OF. <i>glorier</i>, fr. L. <i>gloriari</i>, fr. <i>gloria</i> glory. See <u>Glory</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To exult with joy; to rejoice.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Glory</i> ye in his holy name.</blockquote> <i>Ps. cv.&?;</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To boast; to be proud.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>God forbid that I should <i>glory</i>, save in the cross of our Lord Jesus Christ.</blockquote> <i>Gal. vi. 14</i></p>

<p><blockquote>No one . . . should <i>glory</i> in his prosperity.</blockquote> <i>Richardson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Glose</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. & v.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Gloze</u>.</def> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Glos"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Glosser</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gloss</hw> (gl&obreve;s), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. Icel. <i>glossi</i> a blaze, <i>glys</i> finery, MHG. <i>glosen</i> to glow, G. <i>glosten</i> to glimmer; perh. akin to E. <i>glass</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Brightness or luster of a body proceeding from a smooth surface; polish; as, the <i>gloss</i> of silk; cloth is calendered to give it a <i>gloss</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>It is no part . . . to set on the face of this cause any fairer <i>gloss</i> than the naked truth doth afford.</blockquote> <i>Hooker.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A specious appearance; superficial quality or show.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>To me more dear, congenial to my heart,<BR> One native charm than all the <i>gloss</i> of art.</blockquote> <i>Goldsmith.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gloss</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Glossed</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Glossing</u>.] <def>To give a superficial luster or gloss to; to make smooth and shining; as, to <i>gloss</i> cloth.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>glossed</i> and gleamy wave.</blockquote> <i>J. R. Drake.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gloss</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>glose</i>, F. <i>glose</i>, L. <i>glossa</i> a difficult word needing explanation, fr. Gr. &?; tongue, language, word needing explanation. Cf. <u>Gloze</u>, <u>Glossary</u>, <u>Glottis</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A foreign, archaic, technical, or other uncommon word requiring explanation.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>An interpretation, consisting of one or more words, interlinear or marginal; an explanatory note or comment; a running commentary.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>All this, without a <i>gloss</i> or comment,<BR> He would unriddle in a moment.</blockquote> <i>Hudibras.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Explaining the text in short <i>glosses</i>.</blockquote> <i>T. Baker.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A false or specious explanation.</def> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><! p. 632 !></p>

<p><hw>Gloss</hw> (gl&obreve;s), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To render clear and evident by comments; to illustrate; to explain; to annotate.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To give a specious appearance to; to render specious and plausible; to palliate by specious explanation.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>You have the art to <i>gloss</i> the foulest cause.</blockquote> <i>Philips.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gloss</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To make comments; to comment; to explain.</def> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To make sly remarks, or insinuations.</def> <i>Prior.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Glos"sa</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Gloss&aelig;</b></plw> (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; the tongue.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The tongue, or lingua, of an insect. See <u>Hymenoptera</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glos"sal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to the tongue; lingual.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glos*san"thrax</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; tongue + E. <i>anthrax</i>: cf. F. <i>glossanthrax</i>.] <def>A disease of horses and cattle accompanied by carbuncles in the mouth and on the tongue.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glos*sa"ri*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to glosses or to a glossary; containing a glossary.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glos*sa"ri*al*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In the manner of a glossary.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glos"sa*rist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A writer of glosses or of a glossary; a commentator; a scholiast.</def> <i>Tyrwhitt.</i></p>

<p><hw>Glos"sa*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Gossaries</b></plw> (#). [L. <i>glossarium</i>, fr. <i>glossa</i>: cf. F. <i>glossaire</i>. See 3d <u>Gloss</u>.] <def>A collection of glosses or explanations of words and passages of a work or author; a partial dictionary of a work, an author, a dialect, art, or science, explaining archaic, technical, or other uncommon words.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Glos*sa"ta</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Glossa</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The Lepidoptera.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glos*sa"tor</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [LL. See 3d <u>Gloss</u>.] <def>A writer of glosses or comments; a commentator.</def> [R.] "The . . . <i>glossators</i> of Aristotle." <i>Milman.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gloss"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See lst <u>Gloss</u>.] <def>A polisher; one who gives a luster.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gloss"er</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See 3d <u>Gloss</u>.] <def>A writer of glosses; a scholiast; a commentator.</def> <i>L. Addison.</i></p>

<p><hw>Glos"sic</hw> (gl&obreve;s"s&ibreve;k), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>glossa</i> a word requiring a gloss. See 3d <u>Gloss</u>.] <def>A system of phonetic spelling based upon the present values of English letters, but invariably using one symbol to represent one sound only.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Ingglish <i>Glosik</i> konvai&middot;z hwotev&middot;er proanusiai&middot;shon iz inten&middot;ded bei dhi reiter.</blockquote> <i>A. J. Ellis.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gloss"i*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a glossy manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gloss"i*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From <u>Glossy</u>.] <def>The condition or quality of being glossy; the luster or brightness of a smooth surface.</def> <i>Boyle.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gloss"ist</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A writer of comments.</def> [Obs.] <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Glos*si"tis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., from Gr. &?; tongue + <i>-itis</i>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Inflammation of the tongue.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gloss"ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>Like gloss; specious.</def> <i>Cowley.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Glos*soc"o*mon</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>[NL., fr. Gr. &?; a kind of case.] <def>A kind of hoisting winch.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glos`so*ep`i*glot"tic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; tongue + E. <i>epiglottic</i>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Pertaining to both tongue and epiglottis; as, <i>glossoepiglottic</i> folds.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glos"sog"ra*pher</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;; &?; tongue + &?; to write. See 3d <u>Gloss</u>.] <def>A writer of a glossary; a commentator; a scholiast.</def> <i>Hayward.</i></p>

<p><hw>Glos`so*graph"ic*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to glossography.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glos"sog"ra*phy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Glossographer</u>.] <def>The writing of glossaries, glosses, or comments for illustrating an author.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glos`so*hy"al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; the tongue + the letter &?;.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Pertaining to both the hyoidean arch and the tongue; — applied to the anterior segment of the hyoidean arch in many fishes. — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> The glossohyal bone or cartilage; lingual bone; entoglossal bone.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>||Glos`so*la"li*a</hw> (?), <hw>Glos*sol"a*ly</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?; tongue + &?; talk: cf. F. <i>glossolalie</i>.] <def>The gift of tongues. <i>Farrar</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glos`so*log"ic*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to glossology.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glos*sol"o*gist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who defines and explains terms; one who is versed in glossology.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glos*sol"o*gy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; tongue + <i>-logy</i>: cf. F. <i>glossologie</i>. See 3d <u>Gloss</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The definition and explanation of terms; a glossary.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The science of language; comparative philology; linguistics; glottology.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glos`so*phar`yn*ge"al</hw> (gl&obreve;s"d&osl;*f&abreve;r`&ibreve;n*j&emacr;"<i>a</i>l <i>or</i> -f&adot;*r&ibreve;n"j&esl;*<i>a</i>l), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>glw^ssa</grk> the tongue + E. <i>pharyngeal</i>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Pertaining to both the tongue and the pharynx; — applied especially to the ninth pair of cranial nerves, which are distributed to the pharynx and tongue.</def> — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One of the glossopharyngeal nerves.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gloss"y</hw> (gl&obreve;s"&ybreve;), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<pos><i>Compar.</i></pos> <u>Glossier</u> (-&ibreve;*&etilde;r); <pos><i>superl.</i></pos> <u>Glossiest</u>.] [See <u>Gloss</u> luster.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Smooth and shining; reflecting luster from a smooth surface; highly polished; lustrous; as, <i>glossy</i> silk; a <i>glossy</i> surface.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Smooth; specious; plausible; as, <i>glossy</i> deceit.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glost" ov`en</hw> (?). <def>An oven in which glazed pottery is fired; — also called <i>glaze kiln</i>, or <i>glaze</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glot"tal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to, or produced by, the glottis; glottic.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Glottal catch</b></col>, <cd>an effect produced upon the breath or voice by a sudden opening or closing of the glotts.</cd> <i>Sweet.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Glot"tic</hw> (?), <hw>Glot*tid"e*an</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to the glottis; glottal.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glot"tis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, &?;, from &?;, &?;, the tongue. See <u>Gloss</u> an explanatory remark.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>The opening from the pharynx into the larynx or into the trachea. See <u>Larynx</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glot`to*log"ic*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to glottology.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glot*tol"o*gist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A linguist; a philologist.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glot*tol"o*gy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;, &?;, the tongue + <i>-logy</i>.] <def>The science of tongues or languages; comparative philology; glossology.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glout</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [Scot. Cf. <u>Gloat</u>.] <def>To pout; to look sullen.</def> [Obs.] <i>Garth.</i></p>

<p><hw>Glout</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To view attentively; to gloat on; to stare at.</def> [Obs.] <i>Wright.</i></p>

<p><hw>Glove</hw> (gl&ubreve;v), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>glove</i>, <i>glofe</i>, AS. <i>gl&omacr;f</i>; akin to Icel. <i>gl&omacr;fi</i>, cf. Goth. <i>l&omacr;fa</i> palm of the hand, Icel. <i>l&omacr;fi</i>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A cover for the hand, or for the hand and wrist, with a separate sheath for each finger. The latter characteristic distinguishes the <i>glove</i> from the <i>mitten</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A boxing glove.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Boxing glove</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Boxing</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Glove fight</b></col>, <cd>a pugilistic contest in which the fighters wear boxing gloves.</cd> — <col><b>Glove</b></col> <col><b>money or silver</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>A tip or gratuity to servants, professedly to buy gloves with.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <i>(Eng. Law.)</i> <cd>A reward given to officers of courts; also, a fee given by the sheriff of a county to the clerk of assize and judge's officers, when there are no offenders to be executed.</cd> — <col><b>Glove sponge</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a fine and soft variety of commercial sponges (<i>Spongia officinalis</i>).</cd> — <col><b>To be hand and glove with</b></col>, <cd>to be intimately associated or on good terms with.</cd> "<i>Hand and glove with</i> traitors." <i>J. H. Newman.</i> — <col><b>To handle without gloves</b></col>, <cd>to treat without reserve or tenderness; to deal roughly with.</cd> [Colloq.] — <col><b>To take up the glove</b></col>, <cd>to accept a challenge or adopt a quarrel.</cd> — <col><b>To throw down the glove</b></col>, <cd>to challenge to combat.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Glove</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Gloved</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Gloving</u>.] <def>To cover with, or as with, a glove.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glov"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One whose trade it is to make or sell gloves.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Glover's</b></col> <col><b>suture or stitch</b></col>, <cd>a kind of stitch used in sewing up wounds, in which the thread is drawn alternately through each side from within outward.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Glow</hw> (gl&omacr;), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Glowed</u> (gl&omacr;d); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Glowing</u>.] [AS. <i>gl&omacr;wan</i>; akin to D. <i>gloeijen</i>, OHG. <i>gluoen</i>, G. <i>gl&uuml;hen</i>, Icel. <i>gl&omacr;a</i>, Dan. <i>gloende</i> glowing. &radic;94. Cf. <u>Gloom</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To shine with an intense or white heat; to give forth vivid light and heat; to be incandescent.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Glows</i> in the stars, and blossoms in the trees.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To exhibit a strong, bright color; to be brilliant, as if with heat; to be bright or red with heat or animation, with blushes, etc.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Clad in a gown that <i>glows</i> with Tyrian rays.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>And <i>glow</i> with shame of your proceedings.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To feel hot; to have a burning sensation, as of the skin, from friction, exercise, etc.; to burn.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Did not his temples <i>glow</i><BR> In the same sultry winds and acrching heats?</blockquote> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The cord slides swiftly through his <i>glowing</i> hands.</blockquote> <i>Gay.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To feel the heat of passion; to be animated, as by intense love, zeal, anger, etc.; to rage, as passior; as, the heart <i>glows</i> with love, zeal, or patriotism.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>With pride it mounts, and with revenge it <i>glows</i>.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Burns with one love, with one resentment <i>glows</i>.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><hw>Glow</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To make hot; to flush.</def> [Poetic]</p>

<p><blockquote>Fans, whose wind did seem<BR> To <i>glow</i> the delicate cheeks which they did cool.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Glow</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>White or red heat; incandscence.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Brightness or warmth of color; redness; a rosy flush; as, the <i>glow</i> of health in the cheeks.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Intense excitement or earnestness; vehemence or heat of passion; ardor.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The red <i>glow</i> of scorn.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Heat of body; a sensation of warmth, as that produced by exercise, etc.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glow"bard</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Globard</u>.] <def>The glowworm.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Glow"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Glowered</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Glowering</u>.] [Cf. <u>Gloar</u>.] <def>to look intently; to stare angrily or with a scowl.</def> <i>Thackeray.</i></p>

<p><hw>Glow"ing*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a glowing manner; with ardent heat or passion.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glow"lamp`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>An aphlogistic lamp. See <u>Aphlogistic</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Elect.)</i> <def>An incandescent lamp. See <u>Incandescent</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos></def></p>

<p><hw>Glow"worm`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A coleopterous insect of the genus <i>Lampyris</i>; esp., the wingless females and larv&aelig; of the two European species (<i>L. noctiluca</i>, and <i>L. splendidula</i>), which emit light from some of the abdominal segments.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Like a <i>glowworm</i> in the night,<BR> The which hath fire in darkness, none in light.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p>&fist; The male is winged, and is supposed to be attracted by the light of the female. In America, the luminous larv&aelig; of several species of fireflies and fire beetles are called <i>glowworms</i>. Both sexes of these are winged when mature. See <u>Firefly</u>.</p>

<p><hw>||Glox*in"i*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>American genus of herbaceous plants with very handsome bell-shaped blossoms; — named after B. P. <i>Gloxin</i>, a German botanist.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gloze</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Glozed</u>(?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Glozing</u>.] [OE. <i>glosen</i>, F. <i>gloser</i>. See <u>gloss</u> explanation.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To flatter; to wheedle; to fawn; to talk smoothly.</def> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>A false, <i>glozing</i> parasite.</blockquote> <i>South.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>So <i>glozed</i> the tempter, and his proem tuned.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To give a specious or false meaning; to ministerpret.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gloze</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To smooth over; to palliate.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>By <i>glozing</i> the evil that is in the world.</blockquote> <i>I. Taylor.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gloze</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Flattery; adulation; smooth speech.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Now to plain dealing; lay these <i>glozes</i> by.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Specious show; gloss.</def> [Obs.] <i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gloz"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A flatterer.</def> [Obs.] <i>Gifford (1580).</i></p>

<p><hw>Glu"cic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; sweet.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Pertaining to, or obtained from, sugar; as, <i>glucic</i> acid.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glu*ci"na</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>glycine</i>, <i>glucine</i>. So called because it forms sweet salts. See <u>Glucinum</u>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A white or gray tasteless powder, the oxide of the element glucinum; — formerly called <i>glucine</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glu*cin"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Pertaining to, derived from, or containing, glucinum; as, <i>glucinic</i> oxide.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glu*ci"num</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>glucinium</i>, <i>glycium</i>, fr. Gr. &?;, sweet. Cf. <u>Glycerin</u>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A rare metallic element, of a silver white color, and low specific gravity (2.1), resembling magnesium. It never occurs naturally in the free state, but is always combined, usually with silica or alumina, or both; as in the minerals phenacite, chrysoberyl, beryl or emerald, euclase, and danalite. It was named from its oxide glucina, which was known long before the element was isolated. Symbol Gl. Atomic weight 9.1. Called also <i>beryllium</i>.</def> [Formerly written also <i>glucinium</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Glu"co*gen</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [R.] <def>See <u>Glycogen</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glu`co*gen"e*sis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Glycogenesis.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Glu*con"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, glucose.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Gluconic acid</b></col> <i>(Chem.)</i>, <cd>an organic acid, obtained as a colorless, sirupy liquid, by the oxidation of glucose; — called also <i>maltonic acid</i>, and <i>dextronic acid</i>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Glu"cose`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; sweet. Cf. <u>Glycerin</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A variety of sugar occurring in nature very abundantly, as in ripe grapes, and in honey, and produced in great quantities from starch, etc., by the action of heat and acids. It is only about half as sweet as cane sugar. Called also <i>dextrose</i>, <i>grape sugar</i>, <i>diabetic sugar</i>, and <i>starch sugar</i>. See <u>Dextrose</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Any one of a large class of sugars, isometric with glucose proper, and including levulose, galactose, etc.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>The trade name of a sirup, obtained as an uncrystallizable reside in the manufacture of glucose proper, and containing, in addition to some dextrose or glucose, also maltose, dextrin, etc. It is used as a cheap adulterant of sirups, beers, etc.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glu"co*side</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Glucose</u>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>One of a large series of amorphous or crystalline substances, occurring very widely distributed in plants, rarely in animals, and regarded as influental agents in the formation and disposition of the sugars. They are frequently of a bitter taste, but, by the action of ferments, or of dilute acids and alkalies, always break down into some characteristic substance (acid, aldehyde, alcohol, phenole, or alkaloid) and <i>glucose</i> (or some other sugar); hence the name. They are of the nature of complex and compound ethers, and ethereal salts of the sugar carbohydrates.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Glu`co*su"ri*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. E. <i>glucose</i> + Gr. &?; urine.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>A condition in which glucose is discharged in the urine; diabetes mellitus.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glue</hw> (gl&umacr;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>glu</i>, L. <i>glus</i>, akin to <i>gluten</i>, from <i>gluere</i> to draw together. Cf. <u>Gluten</u>.] <def>A hard brittle brownish gelatin, obtained by boiling to a jelly the skins, hoofs, etc., of animals. When gently heated with water, it becomes viscid and tenaceous, and is used as a cement for uniting substances. The name is also given to other adhesive or viscous substances.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Bee glue</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Bee</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Fish glue</b></col>, <cd>a strong kind of glue obtained from fish skins and bladders; isinglass.</cd> — <col><b>Glue plant</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>a fucoid seaweed (<i>Gloiopeltis tenax</i>).</cd> — <col><b>Liquid glue</b></col>, <cd>a fluid preparation of glue and acetic acid or alcohol.</cd> — <col><b>Marine glue</b></col>, <cd>a solution of caoutchouc in naphtha, with shellac, used in shipbuilding.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Glue</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Glued</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Gluing</u>.] [F. <i>gluer</i>. See <u>Glue</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <def>To join with glue or a viscous substance; to cause to stick or hold fast, as if with glue; to fix or fasten.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>This cold, congealed blood<BR> That <i>glues</i> my lips, and will not let me speak.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Glue"pot`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A utensil for melting glue, consisting of an inner pot holding the glue, immersed in an outer one containing water which is heated to soften the glue.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glu"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who cements with glue.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glu"ey</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Viscous; glutinous; of the nature of, or like, glue.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glu"ey*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Viscidity.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glu"ish</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Somewhat gluey.</def> <i>Sherwood.</i></p>

<p><hw>Glum</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Gloom</u>.] <def>Sullenness.</def> [Obs.] <i>Skelton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Glum</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Moody; silent; sullen.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I frighten people by my <i>glun</i> face.</blockquote> <i>Thackeray.</i></p>

<p><hw>Glum</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To look sullen; to be of a sour countenance; to be glum.</def> [Obs.] <i>Hawes.</i></p>

<p><hw>Glu*ma"ceous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>glumanc&eacute;</i>. See <u>Glume</u>.] <def>Having glumes; consisting of glumes.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glu"mal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Characterized by a glume, or having the nature of a glume.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glume</hw> (gl&umacr;m), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>gluma</i> hull, husk, fr. <i>glubere</i> to bark or peel: cf. F. <i>glume</i> or <i>gloume</i>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The bracteal covering of the flowers or seeds of grain and grasses; esp., an outer husk or bract of a spikelet.</def> <i>Gray.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Glu*mel"la</hw> (?), <hw>Glu"melle</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>glumelle</i>, dim. of <i>glume</i>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>One of the palets or inner chaffy scales of the flowers or spikelets of grasses.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glum"ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a glum manner; sullenly; moodily.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glum"my</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See <u>Gloom</u>.] <def>Dark; gloomy; dismal.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Glum"ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Moodiness; sullenness.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glump</hw> (gl&ubreve;mp), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [See <u>Glum</u>.] <def>To manifest sullenness; to sulk.</def> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><! p. 633 !></p>

<p><hw>Glump"y</hw> (gl&ubreve;mp"&ybreve;), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Glum; sullen; sulky.</def> [Colloq.] "He was <i>glumpy</i> enough." <i>T. Hook.</i></p>

<p><hw>Glunch</hw> (gl&ubreve;nch), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. <u>Glump</u>.] <def>Frowning; sulky; sullen.</def> <i>Sir W. Scott.</i> — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A sullen, angry look; a look of disdain or dislike.</def> [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]</p>

<p><hw>Glut</hw> (gl&ubreve;t), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Glutted</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Glutting</u>.] [OE. <i>glotten</i>, fr. OF. <i>glotir</i>, <i>gloutir</i>, L. <i>glutire</i>, <i>gluttire</i>; cf. Gr. &?; to eat, Skr. <i>gar</i>. Cf. <u>Gluttion</u>, <u>Englut</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To swallow, or to swallow greedlly; to gorge.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Though every drop of water swear against it,<BR> And gape at widest to <i>glut</i> him.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To fill to satiety; to satisfy fully the desire or craving of; to satiate; to sate; to cloy.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>His faithful heart, a bloody sacrifice,<BR> Torn from his breast, to <i>glut</i> the tyrant's eyes.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The realms of nature and of art were ransacked to <i>glut</i> the wonder, lust, and ferocity of a degraded populace.</blockquote> <i>C. Kingsley.</i></p>

<p><col><b>To glut the market</b></col>, <cd>to furnish an oversupply of any article of trade, so that there is no sale for it.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Glut</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To eat gluttonously or to satiety.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Like three horses that have broken fence,<BR> And <i>glutted</i> all night long breast-deep in corn.</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Glut</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>That which is swallowed.</def> <i>Milton</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Plenty, to satiety or repletion; a full supply; hence, often, a supply beyond sufficiency or to loathing; over abundance; as, a <i>glut</i> of the market.</def> </p>

<p><blockquote>A <i>glut</i> of those talents which raise men to eminence.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Something that fills up an opening; a clog.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A wooden wedge used in splitting blocks.</def> [Prov. Eng.] <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <i>(Mining)</i> <def>A piece of wood used to fill up behind cribbing or tubbing.</def> <i>Raymond</i>. <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <i>(Bricklaying)</i> <def>A bat, or small piece of brick, used to fill out a course.</def> <i>Knight.</i> <sd><i>(d)</i></sd> <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>An arched opening to the ashpit of a kiln.</def> <sd><i>(e)</i></sd> <def>A block used for a fulcrum.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The broad-nosed eel (<i>Anguilla latirostris</i>), found in Europe, Asia, the West Indies, etc.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glu`ta*con"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Glut</i>aric + <i>acon</i>itic.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, an acid intermediate between glutaric and aconitic acids.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Glu*t&aelig;"us</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Gluteal</u>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>The great muscle of the buttock in man and most mammals, and the corresponding muscle in many lower animals.</def></p>

<p>&fist; In man, the <i>glut&aelig;us</i> is composed of three distinct parts, which extend and abduct the thigh, and help support the body in standing.</p>

<p><hw>Glu*tam"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Glut</i>en + <i>-amic</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to gluten.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Glutamic acid</b></col>, <cd>a nitrogenous organic acid obtained from certain albuminoids, as gluten; — called also <i>amido-glutaric acid</i>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Glu*tar"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Glut</i>amic + tart<i>aric</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Of, pertaining to, or designating, an acid so called; as, <i>glutaric</i> ethers.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Glutaric acid</b></col>, <cd>an organic acid obtained as a white crystalline substance, isomeric with pyrotartaric acid; — called also <i>normal pyrotartaric acid</i>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Glu"ta*zine</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A nitrogenous substance, forming a heavy, sandy powder, white or nearly so. It is a derivative of pyridine.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glu"te*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [G. &?; rump, pl., the buttocks.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Pertaining to, or in the region of, the glut&aelig;us.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glu"ten</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., glue: cf. F. <i>gluten</i>. See <u>Glue</u>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>The viscid, tenacious substance which gives adhesiveness to dough.</def></p>

<p>&fist; <i>Gluten</i> is a complex and variable mixture of glutin or gliadin, vegetable fibrin, vegetable casein, oily material, etc., and is a very nutritious element of food. It may be separated from the flour of grain by subjecting this to a current of water, the starch and other soluble matters being thus washed out.</p>

<p><col><b>Gluten bread</b></col>, <cd>bread containing a large proportion of gluten; — used in cases of diabetes.</cd> — <col><b>Gluten casein</b></col> <i>(Chem.)</i>, <cd>a vegetable proteid found in the seeds of grasses, and extracted as a dark, amorphous, earthy mass.</cd> — <col><b>Gluten fibrin</b></col> <i>(Chem.)</i>, <cd>a vegetable proteid found in the cereal grains, and extracted as an amorphous, brownish yellow substance.</cd></p>

<p><hw>||Glu*te"us</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Glut&aelig;us</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glu"tin</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Gluten</u>.] <i>(Chem.)</i></p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Same as <u>Gliadin</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Sometimes synonymous with <u>Gelatin</u>.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Glu"ti*nate</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Glutinated</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Glutinating</u>.] [L. <i>glutinatus</i>, p. p. of <i>glutinare</i> to glue, fr. <i>gluten</i> glue.] <def>To unite with glue; to cement; to stick together.</def> <i>Bailey.</i></p>

<p><hw>Glu`ti*na"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>glutinatio</i>: cf. F. <i>glutination</i>.] <def>The act of uniting with glue; sticking together.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glu"ti*na*tive</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>glutinativus</i>: cf. F. <i>glutinatif</i>.] <def>Having the quality of cementing; tenacious; viscous; glutinous.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glu`ti*nos"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>glutinosit&eacute;</i> .] <def>The quality of being glutinous; viscousness.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Glu"ti*nous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>glutinosus</i>, fr. <i>gluten</i> glue: cf. F. <i>glutineux</i>. See <u>Gluten</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Of the nature of glue; resembling glue; viscous; viscid; adhesive; gluey.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Havig a moist and adhesive or sticky surface, as a leaf or gland.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glu"ti*nous*ness</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality of being glutinous.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glut"ton</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>glotoun</i>, <i>glotun</i>, F. <i>glouton</i>, fr. L. <i>gluto</i>, <i>glutto</i>. See <u>Glut</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who eats voraciously, or to excess; a gormandizer.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Fig.: One who gluts himself.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Gluttons</i> in murder, wanton to destroy.</blockquote> <i>Granville.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A carnivorous mammal (<i>Gulo luscus</i>), of the family <i>Mustelid&aelig;</i>, about the size of a large badger. It was formerly believed to be inordinately voracious, whence the name; the wolverene. It is a native of the northern parts of America, Europe, and Asia.</def> </p>

<p><col><b>Glutton bird</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the giant fulmar (<i>Ossifraga gigantea</i>); — called also <i>Mother Carey's goose</i>, and <i>mollymawk</i>.</cd> </p>

<p><hw>Glut"ton</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Gluttonous; greedy; gormandizing.</def> "<i>Glutton</i> souls." <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>A <i>glutton</i> monastery in former ages makes a hungry ministry in our days.</blockquote> <i>Fuller.</i></p>

<p><hw>Glut"ton</hw>, <pos><i>v. t. & i.</i></pos> <def>To glut; to eat voraciously.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote><i>Gluttoned</i> at last, return at home to pine.</blockquote> <i>Lovelace.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Whereon in Egypt <i>gluttoning</i> they fed.</blockquote> <i>Drayton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Glut"ton*ish</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Gluttonous; greedy.</def> <i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></p>

<p><hw>Glut"ton*ize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Gluttonized</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Gluttonizing</u> (?).] <def>To eat to excess; to eat voraciously; to gormandize.</def> <i>Hallywell.</i></p>

<p><hw>Glut"ton*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Given to gluttony; eating to excess; indulging the appetite; voracious; as, a <i>gluttonous</i> age.</def> — <wf>Glut"ton*ous*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Glut"ton*ous*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Glut"ton*y</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Gluttonies</b></plw> (#). [OE. <i>glotonie</i>, OF. <i>glotonie</i>, <i>gloutonnie</i>.] <def>Excess in eating; extravagant indulgence of the appetite for food; voracity.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Their sumptuous <i>gluttonies</i>, and gorgeous feasts.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Glyc"er*ate</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A salt of glyceric acid.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gly*cer"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, glycerin.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Glyceric acid</b></col> <i>(Chem.)</i>, <cd>an organic acid, obtained by the partial oxidation of glycerin, as a thick liquid. It is a hydroxyl derivative of propionic acid, and has both acid and alcoholic properties.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Glyc"er*ide</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Glycerin</u>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A compound ether (formed from <i>glycerin</i>). Some glycerides exist ready formed as natural fats, others are produced artificially.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glyc"er*in</hw>, <hw>Glyc"er*ine</hw> (&?;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>glyc&eacute;rine</i>, fr. Gr. <grk>glykero`s</grk>, <grk>glyky`s</grk>, sweet. Cf. <u>Glucose</u>, <u>Licorice</u>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>An oily, viscous liquid, C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>5</sub>(OH)<sub>3</sub>, colorless and odorless, and with a hot, sweetish taste, existing in the natural fats and oils as the base, combined with various acids, as oleic, margaric, stearic, and palmitic. It is a triatomic alcohol, and hence is also called <i>glycerol</i>. See Note under <u>Gelatin</u>.</def></p>

<p>&fist; It is obtained from fats by saponification, or, on a large scale, by the action of superheated steam. It is used as an ointment, as a solvent and vehicle for medicines, and as an adulterant in wine, beer, etc.</p>

<p><hw>Glyc"er*ite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>A medicinal preparation made by mixing or dissolving a substance in glycerin.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glyc"er*ol</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Glycerin</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glyc"er*ole</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>glyc&eacute;rol&eacute;</i>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Glycerite</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glyc"er*yl</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Glycer</i>in + <i>-yl</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A compound radical, C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>5</sub>, regarded as the essential radical of glycerin. It is metameric with allyl. Called also <i>propenyl</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glyc"ide</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Glyc</i>eric + anhydr<i>ide</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A colorless liquid, obtained from certain derivatives of glycerin, and regarded as a partially dehydrated glycerin; — called also <i>glycidic alcohol</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gly*cid"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, glycide; as, <i>glycidic</i> acid.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gly"cin</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>glyky`s</grk> sweet.] <i>(Physiol. Chem.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Glycocoll</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gly`co*cho"late</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Glyco</i>coll + <i>chol</i>ic.] <i>(Physiol. Chem.)</i> <def>A salt of glycocholic acid; as, sodium <i>glycocholate</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gly`co*chol"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Physiol. Chem.)</i> <def>Pertaining to, or composed of, glycocoll and cholic acid.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Glycocholic acid</b></col> <i>(Physiol. Chem.)</i>, <cd>a conjugate acid, composed of glycocoll and cholic acid, present in bile in the form of a sodium salt. The acid commonly forms a resinous mass, but can be crystallized in long, white needles.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Gly"co*cin</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Glycoc</i>oll + <i>-in</i>.] <i>(Physiol. Chem.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Glycocoll</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gly"co*coll</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>glyky`s</grk> sweet + <grk>ko`lla</grk> glue.] <i>(Physiol. Chem.)</i> <def>A crystalline, nitrogenous substance, with a sweet taste, formed from hippuric acid by boiling with hydrochloric acid, and present in bile united with cholic acid. It is also formed from gelatin by decomposition with acids. Chemically, it is amido-acetic acid. Called also <i>glycin</i>, and <i>glycocin</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gly"co*gen</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; sweet + <i>-gen</i>: cf. F. <i>glycog&egrave;ne</i>.] <i>(Physiol. Chem.)</i> <def>A white, amorphous, tasteless substance resembling starch, soluble in water to an opalescent fluid. It is found abundantly in the liver of most animals, and in small quantity in other organs and tissues, particularly in the embryo. It is quickly changed into sugar when boiled with dilute sulphuric or hydrochloric acid, and also by the action of amylolytic ferments.</def> </p>

<p><hw>Gly`co*gen"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pertaining to, or caused by, glycogen; as, the <i>glycogenic</i> function of the liver.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Gly*cog"e*ny</hw> (?), <hw>Gly`co*gen"e*sis</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Physiol.)</i> <def>The production or formation of sugar from gycogen, as in the liver.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gly"col</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Glycerin</i> + <i>- ol</i>. See <u>Glycerin</u>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A thick, colorless liquid, C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>(OH)<sub>2</sub>, of a sweetish taste, produced artificially from certain ethylene compounds. It is a diacid alcohol, intermediate between ordinary ethyl alcohol and glycerin.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>Any one of the large class of diacid alcohols, of which glycol proper is the type.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gly*col"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, glycol; as, <i>glycolic</i> ether; <i>glycolic</i> acid.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Glycolic acid</b></col> <i>(Chem.)</i>, <cd>an organic acid, found naturally in unripe grapes and in the leaves of the wild grape (<i>Ampelopsis quinquefolia</i>), and produced artificially in many ways, as by the oxidation of <i>glycol</i>, — whence its name. It is a sirupy, or white crystalline, substance, HO.CH<sub>2</sub>.CO<sub>2</sub>H, has the properties both of an alcohol and an acid, and is a type of the hydroxy acids; — called also <i>hydroxyacetic acid</i>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Gly"co*lide</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Glycol</i> + anhydr<i>ide</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A white amorphous powder, C<sub>4</sub>H<sub>4</sub>O, obtained by heating and dehydrating glycolic acid.</def> [Written also <i>glycollide</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Gly`co*lu"ric</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Glycol</i> + <i>uric</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Pertaining to, derived from, glycol and urea; as, <i>glycoluric</i> acid, which is called also <i>hydantoic acid</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gly`co*lu"ril</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Glycol</i>yl + <i>ur</i>ic.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A white, crystalline, nitrogenous substance, obtained by the reduction of allanto&iuml;n.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gly"co*lyl</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Glycol</i>ic + <i>-yl</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A divalent, compound radical, CO.CH<sub>2</sub>, regarded as the essential radical of glycolic acid, and a large series of related compounds.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gly*co"ni*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>a. & n.</i></pos> <def>Glyconic.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gly*con"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; a kind of verse, so called from its inventor, <i>Glycon</i>.] <i>(Pros.)</i> <def>Consisting of a spondee, a choriamb, and a pyrrhic; — applied to a kind of verse in Greek and Latin poetry.</def> — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Pros.)</i> <def>A glyconic verse.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gly"co*nin</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>An emulsion of glycerin and the yolk of eggs, used as an ointment, as a vehicle for medicines, etc.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gly"co*sine</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>An organic base, C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>6</sub>N<sub>4</sub>, produced artificially as a white, crystalline powder, by the action of ammonia on glyoxal.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Gly`co*su"ri*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Glucosuria</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Glyc`yr*rhi"za</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., fr. Gr. &?;; &?; sweet + &?; root. Cf. <u>Licorice</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A genus of papilionaceous herbaceous plants, one species of which (<i>G. glabra</i>), is the licorice plant, the roots of which have a bittersweet mucilaginous taste.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>The root of <i>Glycyrrhiza glabra</i> (liquorice root), used as a demulcent, etc.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glyc`yr*rhi*zim"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>From, or pertaining to, glycyrrhizin; as, <i>glycyrrhizimic</i> acid.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gly*cyr"rhi*zin</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>glycyrrhizine</i>. See <u>Glycyrrhiza</u>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A glucoside found in licorice root (<i>Glycyrrhiza</i>), in monesia bark (<i>Chrysophyllum</i>), in the root of the walnut, etc., and extracted as a yellow, amorphous powder, of a bittersweet taste.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Glyn</hw>, <hw>Glynne</hw> } (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A glen. See <u>Glen</u>. [Obs. singly, but occurring often in locative names in Ireland, as <i>Glen</i> does in Scotland.]</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He could not beat out the Irish, yet he did shut them up within those narrow corners and <i>glyns</i> under the mountain's foot.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gly*ox"al</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Gly</i>col + <i>ox</i>alic + <i>al</i>dehyde.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A white, amorphous, deliquescent powder, (CO.H)<sub>2</sub>, obtained by the partial oxidation of glycol. It is a double aldehyde, between glycol and oxalic acid.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gly`ox*al"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, an aldehyde acid, intermediate between glycol and oxalic acid.</def> [Written also <i>glyoxylic</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Gly*ox"a*line</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A white, crystalline, organic base, C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>4</sub>N<sub>2</sub>, produced by the action of ammonia on glyoxal, and forming the origin of a large class of derivatives hence, any one of the series of which glyoxaline is a type; — called also <i>oxaline</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gly*ox"ime</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Gly</i>oxal + <i>oxime</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A white, crystalline, nitrogenous substance, produced by the action of hydroxylamine on glyoxal, and belonging to the class of <i>oximes</i>; also, any one of a group of substances resembling glyoxime proper, and of which it is a type. See <u>Oxime</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glyph</hw> (gl&ibreve;f), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>glyfh`</grk> carving, fr. <grk>gly`fein</grk> to carve: cf. F. <i>glyphe</i>. Cf. <u>Cleave</u> to split.] <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>A sunken channel or groove, usually vertical. See <u>Triglyph</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glyph"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; of or for carving.] <i>(Fine Arts)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to sculpture or carving of any sort, esp. to glyphs.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glyph"o*graph</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A plate made by glyphography, or an impression taken from such a plate.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glyph`o*graph"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to glyphography.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gly*phog"ra*phy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; to engrave + <i>-graphy</i>.] <def>A process similar to etching, in which, by means of voltaic electricity, a raised copy of a drawing is made, so that it can be used to print from.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glyp"tic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See <u>Glyph</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Of or pertaining to gem engraving.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Min.)</i> <def>Figured; marked as with figures.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glyp"tics</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>glyptique</i>. See <u>Glyph</u>.] <def>The art of engraving on precious stones.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glyp"to*don</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; carved, engraved + &?;, &?;, tooth. See <u>Glyph</u>.] <i>(Paleon.)</i> <def>An extinct South American quaternary mammal, allied to the armadillos. It was as large as an ox, was covered with tessellated scales, and had fluted teeth.</def> <i>Owen.</i></p>

<p><! p. 634 !></p>

<p><hw>Glyp"to*dont</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Paleon.)</i> <def>One of a family (<i>Glyptodontid&aelig;</i>) of extinct South American edentates, of which Glyptodon is the type. About twenty species are known.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glyp`to*graph"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>glyptographique</i>.] <def>Relating to glyptography, or the art of engraving on precious stones.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Glyp*tog"ra*phy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; carved + <i>-graphy</i>: cf. F. <i>glyptographie</i>.] <def>The art or process of engraving on precious stones.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>||Glyp`to*the"ca</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?; carved + &?; case, box.] <def>A building or room devoted to works of sculpture.</def></p>

<p><hw>Glys"ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Clyster</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gmel"in*ite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Named after the German chemist <i>Gmelin</i>.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>A rhombohedral zeolitic mineral, related in form and composition to chabazite.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Gna*pha"li*um</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Nl., from Gr. &?; wool of the teasel.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A genus of composite plants with white or colored dry and persistent involucres; a kind of everlasting.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gnar</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>knarre</i>, <i>gnarre</i>, akin to OD. <i>knor</i>, G. <i>knorren</i>. Cf. <u>Knar</u>, <u>Knur</u>, <u>Gnarl</u>.] <def>A knot or gnarl in wood; hence, a tough, thickset man; — written also <i>gnarr</i>.</def> [Archaic]</p>

<p><blockquote>He was . . . a thick <i>gnarre</i>.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gnar</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Gnarred</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Gnarring</u>.] [See <u>Gnarl</u>.] <def>To gnarl; to snarl; to growl; — written also <i>gnarr</i>.</def> [Archaic]</p>

<p><blockquote>At them he gan to rear his bristles strong,<BR> And felly <i>gnarre</i>.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>A thousand wants<BR> <i>Gnarr</i> at the heels of men.</blockquote> <i>Tennison.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gnarl</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Gnarled</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Gnarling</u>.] [From older <i>gnar</i>, prob. of imitative origin; cf. G. <i>knarren</i>, <i>knurren</i>. D. <i>knorren</i>, Sw. <i>knorra</i>, Dan. <i>knurre</i>.] <def>To growl; to snarl.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>And wolves are <i>gnarling</i> who shall gnaw thee first.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gnarl</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Gnar</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <def>a knot in wood; a large or hard knot, or a protuberance with twisted grain, on a tree.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gnarled</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Knotty; full of knots or gnarls; twisted; crossgrained.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The unwedgeable and <i>gnarl&eacute;d</i> oak.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gnarl"y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Full of knots; knotty; twisted; crossgrained.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gnash</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Gnashed</u> (#); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Gnashing</u>.] [OE. <i>gnasten</i>, <i>gnaisten</i>, cf. Icel. <i>gnastan</i> a gnashing, <i>gn&?;sta</i> to gnash, Dan. <i>knaske</i>, Sw. <i>gnissla</i>, D. <i>knarsen</i>, G. <i>knirschen</i>.] <def>To strike together, as in anger or pain; as, to <i>gnash</i> the teeth.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gnash</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To grind or strike the teeth together.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>There they him laid,<BR> <i>Gnashing</i> for anguish, and despite, and shame.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gnash"ing*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>With gnashing.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gnat</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>gn&aelig;t</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A blood-sucking dipterous fly, of the genus <i>Culex</i>, undergoing a metamorphosis in water. The females have a proboscis armed with needlelike organs for penetrating the skin of animals. These are wanting in the males. In America they are generally called <i>mosquitoes</i>. See <u>Mosquito</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Any fly resembling a Culex in form or habits; esp., in America, a small biting fly of the genus <i>Simulium</i> and allies, as the buffalo gnat, the black fly, etc.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Gnat catcher</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>one of several species of small American singing birds, of the genus <i>Polioptila</i>, allied to the kinglets.</cd> — <col><b>Gnat flower</b></col>, <cd>the bee flower.</cd> — <col><b>Gnat hawk</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the European goatsucker; — called also <i>gnat owl</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Gnat snapper</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a bird that catches gnats.</cd> — <col><b>Gnat strainer</b></col>, <cd>a person ostentatiously punctilious about trifles. Cf. <i>Matt. xxiii. 24.</i></cd></p>

<p><hw>Gnath"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; the jaw.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to the jaw.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Gnathic index</b></col>, <cd>in a skull, the ratio of the distance from the middle of the nasofrontal suture to the basion (taken equal to 100), to the distance from the basion to the middle of the front edge of the upper jaw; — called also <i>alveolar index</i>.</cd></p>

<p><blockquote>Skulls with the <i>gnathic index</i> below 98 are orthognathous, from 98 to 103 mesognathous, and above 103 are prognathous.</blockquote> <i>Flower.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Gna*thid"i*um</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Gnathidia</b></plw> (#). [NL., fr. Gr. <grk>gna`qos</grk> the jaw.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The ramus of the lower jaw of a bird as far as it is naked; — commonly used in the plural.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gnath"ite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>gna`qos</grk> the jaw.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any one of the mouth appendages of the Arthropoda. They are known as mandibles, maxill&aelig;, and maxillipeds.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Gna*thon"ic</hw> (?), <hw>Gna*thon"ic*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>Gnatho</i>, name of a parasite in the "Eunuchus" of Terence, Gr. &?;; hence, a parasite in general.] <def>Flattering; deceitful.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Gnath"o*pod</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>gna`qos</grk> the jaw + <i>-pod</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A gnathopodite or maxilliped. See <u>Maxilliped</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gna*thop"o*dite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l,)</i> <def>Any leglike appendage of a crustacean, when modified wholly, or in part, to serve as a jaw, esp. one of the maxillipeds.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gna*thos"te*gite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>gna`qos</grk> the jaw + &?; a roof.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of a pair of broad plates, developed from the outer maxillipeds of crabs, and forming a cover for the other mouth organs.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Gna*thos"to*ma</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., from Gr. <grk>gna`qos</grk> the jaw + &?;, &?;, the mouth.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A comprehensive division of vertebrates, including all that have distinct jaws, in contrast with the leptocardians and marsipobranchs (<i>Cyclostoma</i>), which lack them.</def> [Written also <i>Gnathostomata</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>||Gnath`o*the"ca</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Gnathothec&AElig;</b></plw> (#). [NL., fr. Gr. <grk>gna`qos</grk> the jaw + &?; a box.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The horney covering of the lower mandible of a bird.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gnat"ling</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A small gnat.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gnat"worm`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The aquatic larva of a gnat; — called also, colloquially, <i>wiggler</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gnaw</hw> (n&add;), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Gnawed</u> (n&add;d); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Gnawing</u>.] [OE. <i>gnawen</i>, AS. <i>gnagan</i>; akin to D. <i>knagen</i>, OHG. <i>gnagan</i>, <i>nagan</i>, G. <i>nagen</i>, Icel. & Sw. <i>gnaga</i>, Dan. <i>gnave</i>, <i>nage</i>. Cf. <u>Nag</u> to tease.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To bite, as something hard or tough, which is not readily separated or crushed; to bite off little by little, with effort; to wear or eat away by scraping or continuous biting with the teeth; to nibble at.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>His bones clean picked; his very bones they <i>gnaw</i>.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To bite in agony or rage.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>They <i>gnawed</i> their tongues for pain.</blockquote> <i>Rev. xvi. 10.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To corrode; to fret away; to waste.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gnaw</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To use the teeth in biting; to bite with repeated effort, as in eating or removing with the teethsomething hard, unwiedly, or unmanageable.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I might well, like the spaniel, <i>gnaw</i> upon the chain that ties me.</blockquote> <i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gnaw"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who, or that which, gnaws.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A rodent.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gneiss</hw> (n&imacr;s), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [G.] <i>(Geol.)</i> <def>A crystalline rock, consisting, like granite, of quartz, feldspar, and mica, but having these materials, especially the mica, arranged in planes, so that it breaks rather easily into coarse slabs or flags. Hornblende sometimes takes the place of the mica, and it is then called <i>hornblendic or syenitic gneiss</i>. Similar varieties of related rocks are also called gneiss.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gneis"sic</hw> (n&imacr;s"s&ibreve;k), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Relating to, or resembling, gneiss; consisting of gneiss.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gneis"soid</hw> (-soid), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Gneiss</i> + <i>-oid</i>.] <def>Resembling gneiss; having some of the characteristics of gneiss; — applied to rocks of an intermediate character between granite and gneiss, or mica slate and gneiss.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gneis"sose`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having the structure of gneiss.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gnew</hw> (n&umacr;), obs. <def><pos><i>imp.</i></pos> of <u>Gnaw</u>.</def> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gnide</hw> (n&imacr;d), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [AS. <i>gn&imacr;dan</i>.] <def>To rub; to bruise; to break in pieces.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p>&fist; This word is found in Tyrwhitt's Chaucer, but improperly. The woed, though common in Old English, does not occur in Chaucer. <i>T. R. Lounsbury.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gnof</hw> (n&obreve;f), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Churl; curmudgeon.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gnome</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>gnome</i>, prob. fr. Gr. <grk>gnw`mon</grk> one that knows, a guardian, <i>i. e.</i>, of the treasures in the inner parts of the earth, or fr. &?; intelligence, both fr. <grk>gnw^nai</grk>, <grk>gignw^skein</grk>, to know. See <u>Know</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>An imaginary being, supposed by the Rosicrucians to inhabit the inner parts of the earth, and to be the guardian of mines, quarries, etc.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A dwarf; a goblin; a person of small stature or misshapen features, or of strange appearance.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A small owl (<i>Glaucidium gnoma</i>) of the Western United States.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> [Gr. &?;.] <def>A brief reflection or maxim.</def> <i>Peacham.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Gnom"ic</hw> (?), <hw>Gnom"ic*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;, fr. &?;: cf. F. <i>gnomique</i>. See <u>Gnome</u> maxim.] <def>Sententious; uttering or containing maxims, or striking detached thoughts; aphoristic.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A city long famous as the seat of elegiac and <i>gnomic</i> poetry.</blockquote> <i>G. R. Lewes.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Gnomic Poets</b></col>, <cd>Greek poets, as Theognis and Solon, of the sixth century <u>B. C.</u>, whose writings consist of short sententious precepts and reflections.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Gnom"ic*al</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See <u>Gnomon</u>.] <def>Gnomonical.</def> <i>Boyle.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gnom"ic*al*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a gnomic, didactic, or sententious manner.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Gno`mo*log"ic</hw> (?), <hw>Gno`mo*log"ic*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;.] <def>Pertaining to, of the nature of, or resembling, a gnomology.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gno*mol"o*gy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;; &?; judgment, maxim + &?; discourse: cf. F. <i>gnomologie</i>.] <def>A collection of, or a treatise on, maxims, grave sentences, or reflections.</def> [Obs.] <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gno"mon</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>gnomon</i>, Gr. &?; one that knows, the index of a sundial. See <u>Gnome</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Dialing)</i> <def>The style or pin, which by its shadow, shows the hour of the day. It is usually set parallel to the earth's axis.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Astron.)</i> <def>A style or column erected perpendicularly to the horizon, formerly used in astronomocal observations. Its principal use was to find the altitude of the sun by measuring the length of its shadow.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Geom.)</i> <def>The space included between the boundary lines of two similar parallelograms, the one within the other, with an angle in common; as, the <i>gnomon</i> <i>bcdefg</i> of the parallelograms <i>ac</i> and <i>af</i>. The parallelogram <i>bf</i> is the complement of the parallelogram <i>df.</i></def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>The index of the hour circle of a globe.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Gno*mon"ic</hw> (?), <hw>Gno*mon"ic*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>gnomonicus</i>, Gr. &?;: cf. F. <i>gnomonique</i>. See <u>Gnomon</u>.] <def>Of or pertaining to the gnomon, or the art of dialing.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Gnomonic projection</b></col>, <cd>a projection of the circles of the sphere, in which the point of sight is taken at the center of the sphere, and the principal plane is tangent to the surface of the sphere.</cd> "The <i>gnomonic projection</i> derives its name from the connection between the methods of describing it and those for the construction of a gnomon or dial." <i>Cyc. of Arts & Sciences.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gno*mon"ic*al*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>According to the principles of the gnomonic projection.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gno*mon"ics</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Gnomonic</u>.] <def>The art or science of dialing, or of constructing dials to show the hour of the day by the shadow of a gnomon.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gno"mon*ist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One skilled in gnomonics.</def> <i>Boyle.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gno`mon*ol"o*gy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Gnomon</i> + <i>-logy</i>. Cf. <u>Gnomonology</u>.] <def>A treatise on gnomonics.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gnos"co*pine</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>gignw`skein</grk> to know + E. <i>opium</i>?] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>An alkaloid existing in small quantities in opium.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Gno"sis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. <grk>gnw^sis</grk>.] <i>(Metaph.)</i> <def>The deeper wisdom; knowledge of spiritual truth, such as was claimed by the Gnostics.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gnos"tic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Knowing; wise; shrewd.</def> [Old Slang]</p>

<p><blockquote>I said you were a <i>gnostic</i> fellow.</blockquote> <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Eccl. Hist.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to Gnosticism or its adherents; as, the <i>Gnostic</i> heresy.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gnos"tic</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>gnosticus</i>, Gr. &?; good at knowing, sagacious; as a n., man that claims to have a deeper wisdom, fr. <grk>gignw`skein</grk> to know: cf. F. <i>gnostique</i>. See <u>Know</u>.] <i>(Eccl. Hist.)</i> <def>One of the so-called philosophers in the first ages of Christianity, who claimed a true philosophical interpretation of the Christian religion. Their system combined Oriental theology and Greek philosophy with the doctrines of Christianity. They held that all natures, intelligible, intellectual, and material, are derived from the Deity by successive emanations, which they called <i>Eons</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gnos"ti*cism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The system of philosophy taught by the Gnostics.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gnow</hw> (?), obs. <pos><i>imp.</i></pos> of <u>Gnaw</u>. <def>Gnawed.</def> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gnu</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Hottentot <i>gnu</i>, or <i>nju</i>: cf. F. <i>gnou</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of two species of large South African antelopes of the genus <i>Catoblephas</i>, having a mane and bushy tail, and curved horns in both sexes.</def> [Written also <i>gnoo</i>.]</p>

<p>&fist; The <i>common gnu</i> or <i>wildebeest</i> (<i>Catoblephas gnu</i>) is plain brown; the <i>brindled gnu</i> or <i>blue wildebeest</i> (<i>C. gorgon</i>) is larger, with transverse stripes of black on the neck and shoulders.</p>

<p><hw>Go</hw> (g&omacr;), obs. <pos><i>p. p.</i></pos> of <u>Go</u>. <def>Gone.</def> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Go</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp.</i></pos> <u>Went</u> (w&ebreve;nt); <pos><i>p. p.</i></pos> <u>Gone</u> (g&obreve;n; 115); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Going</u>. <i>Went</i> comes from the AS, <i>wendan</i>. See <u>Wend</u>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos>] [OE. <i>gan</i>, <i>gon</i>, AS. <i>g&amacr;n</i>, akin to D. <i>gaan</i>, G. <i>gehn</i>, <i>gehen</i>, OHG. <i>g&emacr;n</i>, <i>g&amacr;n</i>, SW. <i>g&aring;</i>, Dan. <i>gaae</i>; cf. Gr. <grk>kicha`nai</grk> to reach, overtake, Skr. <i>h&amacr;</i> to go, AS. <i>gangan</i>, and E. <i>gang</i>. The past tense in AS., <i>eode</i>, is from the root <i>i</i> to go, as is also Goth. <i>iddja</i> went. &radic;47<i>a</i>. Cf. <u>Gang</u>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos>, <u>Wend</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To pass from one place to another; to be in motion; to be in a state not motionless or at rest; to proceed; to advance; to make progress; — used, in various applications, of the movement of both animate and inanimate beings, by whatever means, and also of the movements of the mind; also figuratively applied.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To move upon the feet, or step by step; to walk; also, to walk step by step, or leisurely.</def></p>

<p>&fist; In old writers <i>go</i> is much used as opposed to <i>run</i>, or <i>ride</i>. "Whereso I <i>go</i> or <i>ride</i>." <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>You know that love<BR> Will creep in service where it can not <i>go</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Thou must run to him; for thou hast staid so long that <i>going</i> will scarce serve the turn.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>He fell from running to <i>going</i>, and from <i>going</i> to clambering upon his hands and his knees.</blockquote> <i>Bunyan.</i></p>

<p>&fist; In Chaucer <i>go</i> is used frequently with the pronoun in the objective used reflexively; as, he <i>goeth</i> him home.</p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To be passed on fron one to another; to pass; to circulate; hence, with <i>for</i>, to have currency; to be taken, accepted, or regarded.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The man <i>went</i> among men for an old man in the days of Saul.</blockquote> <i>1 Sa. xvii. 12.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>[The money] should <i>go</i> according to its true value.</blockquote> <i>Locke.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To proceed or happen in a given manner; to fare; to move on or be carried on; to have course; to come to an issue or result; to succeed; to turn out.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>How <i>goes</i> the night, boy ?</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>I think, as the world <i>goes</i>, he was a good sort of man enough.</blockquote> <i>Arbuthnot.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Whether the cause <i>goes</i> for me or against me, you must pay me the reward.</blockquote> <i>I Watts.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>To proceed or tend toward a result, consequence, or product; to tend; to conduce; to be an ingredient; to avail; to apply; to contribute; — often with the infinitive; as, this <i>goes</i> to show.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Against right reason all your counsels <i>go</i>.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>To master the foul flend there <i>goeth</i> some complement knowledge of theology.</blockquote> <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>To apply one's self; to set one's self; to undertake.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Seeing himself confronted by so many, like a resolute orator, he <i>went</i> not to denial, but to justify his cruel falsehood.</blockquote> <i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></p>

<p>&fist; <i>Go</i>, in this sense, is often used in the present participle with the auxiliary verb <i>to be</i>, before an infinitive, to express a future of intention, or to denote design; as, I was <i>going</i> to say; I am <i>going</i> to begin harvest.</p>

<p><! p. 635 !></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <def>To proceed by a mental operation; to pass in mind or by an act of the memory or imagination; — generally with <i>over</i> or <i>through</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>By <i>going</i> over all these particulars, you may receive some tolerable satisfaction about this great subject.</blockquote> <i>South.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>8.</b></sn> <def>To be with young; to be pregnant; to gestate.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The fruit she <i>goes</i> with,<BR> I pray for heartily, that it may find<BR> Good time, and live.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>9.</b></sn> <def>To move from the person speaking, or from the point whence the action is contemplated; to pass away; to leave; to depart; — in opposition to <i>stay</i> and <i>come</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I will let you <i>go</i>, that ye may sacrifice to the Lord your God; . . . only ye shall not <i>go</i> very far away.</blockquote> <i>Ex. viii. 28.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>10.</b></sn> <def>To pass away; to depart forever; to be lost or ruined; to perish; to decline; to decease; to die.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>By Saint George, he's <i>gone</i>!<BR> That spear wound hath our master sped.</blockquote> <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>11.</b></sn> <def>To reach; to extend; to lead; as, a line <i>goes</i> across the street; his land <i>goes</i> to the river; this road <i>goes</i> to New York.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>His amorous expressions <i>go</i> no further than virtue may allow.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>12.</b></sn> <def>To have recourse; to resort; as, to <i>go</i> to law.</def></p>

<p>&fist; <i>Go</i> is used, in combination with many prepositions and adverbs, to denote motion of the kind indicated by the preposition or adverb, in which, and not in the verb, lies the principal force of the expression; as, to <i>go against</i> to <i>go into</i>, to <i>go out</i>, to <i>go aside</i>, to <i>go astray</i>, etc.</p>

<p><col><b>Go to</b></col>, <cd>come; move; go away; — a phrase of exclamation, serious or ironical.</cd> — <col><b>To go a- begging</b></col>, <cd>not to be in demand; to be undesired.</cd> — <col><b>To go about</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>To set about; to enter upon a scheme of action; to undertake.</cd> "They <i>went about</i> to slay him." <i>Acts ix. 29.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>They never <i>go about</i> . . . to hide or palliate their vices.</blockquote> <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <i>(Naut.)</i> <cd>To tack; to turn the head of a ship; to wear.</cd> — <col><b>To go abraod</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>To go to a foreign country.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>To go out of doors.</cd> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <cd>To become public; to be published or disclosed; to be current.</cd></p>

<p><blockquote>Then <i>went</i> this saying <i>abroad</i> among the brethren.</blockquote> <i>John xxi. 23.</i></p>

<p>— <col><b>To go against</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>To march against; to attack.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>To be in opposition to; to be disagreeable to.</cd> — <col><b>To go ahead</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>To go in advance.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>To go on; to make progress; to proceed.</cd> — <col><b>To go and come</b></col>. <cd>See <i>To come and go</i>, under <u>Come</u>.</cd> — <col><b>To go aside</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>To withdraw; to retire.</cd></p>

<p><blockquote>He . . . <i>went aside</i> privately into a desert place.</blockquote> <i>Luke. ix. 10.</i></p>

<p><sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>To go from what is right; to err.</cd> <i>Num. v. 29.</i>— <col><b>To go back on</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>To retrace (one's path or footsteps).</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>To abandon; to turn against; to betray.</cd> [Slang, U. S.] — <col><b>To go below</b></col> <sd><i>(Naut)</i></sd>, <cd>to go below deck.</cd> — <col><b>To go between</b></col>, <cd>to interpose or mediate between; to be a secret agent between parties; in a bad sense, to pander.</cd> — <col><b>To go beyond</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Beyond</u>.</cd> — <col><b>To go by</b></col>, <cd>to pass away unnoticed; to omit.</cd> — <col><b>To go by the board</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>to fall or be carried overboard; as, the mast <i>went by the board</i>.</cd> — <col><b>To go down</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>To descend.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>To go below the horizon; as, the sun has <i>gone down</i>.</cd> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <cd>To sink; to founder; — said of ships, etc.</cd> <sd><i>(d)</i></sd> <cd>To be swallowed; — used literally or figuratively.</cd> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Nothing so ridiculous, . . . but it <i>goes down</i> whole with him for truth.</blockquote> <i>L' Estrange.</i></p>

<p>— <col><b>To go far</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>To go to a distance.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>To have much weight or influence.</cd> — <col><b>To go for</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>To go in quest of.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>To represent; to pass for.</cd> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <cd>To favor; to advocate.</cd> <sd><i>(d)</i></sd> <cd>To attack; to assault.</cd> [Low] <sd><i>(e)</i></sd> <cd>To sell for; to be parted with for (a price).</cd> — <col><b>To go for nothing</b></col>, <cd>to be parted with for no compensation or result; to have no value, efficacy, or influence; to count for nothing.</cd> — <col><b>To go forth</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>To depart from a place.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>To be divulged or made generally known; to emanate.</cd></p>

<p><blockquote>The law shall <i>go forth</i> of Zion, and the word of the Lord from Jerusalem.</blockquote> <i>Micah iv. 2.</i></p>

<p>— <col><b>To go hard with</b></col>, <cd>to trouble, pain, or endanger.</cd> — <col><b>To go in</b></col>, <cd>to engage in; to take part.</cd> [Colloq.] — <col><b>To go in and out</b></col>, <cd>to do the business of life; to live; to have free access.</cd> <i>John x. 9.</i> — <col><b>To go in for</b></col>. [Colloq.] <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>To go for; to favor or advocate (a candidate, a measure, etc.).</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>To seek to acquire or attain to (wealth, honor, preferment, etc.)</cd> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <cd>To complete for (a reward, election, etc.).</cd> <sd><i>(d)</i></sd> <cd>To make the object of one's labors, studies, etc.</cd></p>

<p><blockquote>He was as ready <i>to go in for</i> statistics as for anything else.</blockquote> <i>Dickens.</i></p>

<p>— <col><b>To go in to</b></col> or <col><b>unto</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>To enter the presence of.</cd> <i>Esther iv. 16.</i> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>To have sexual intercourse with.</cd> [Script.] — <col><b>To go into</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>To speak of, investigate, or discuss (a question, subject, etc.).</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>To participate in (a war, a business, etc.).</cd> — <col><b>To go large</b></col>. <sd><i>(Naut)</i></sd> <cd>See under <u>Large</u>.</cd> — <col><b>To go off</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>To go away; to depart.</cd></p>

<p><blockquote>The leaders . . . will not <i>go off</i> until they hear you.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>To cease; to intermit; as, this sickness <i>went off</i>.</cd> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <cd>To die.</cd> <i>Shak.</i> <sd><i>(d)</i></sd> <cd>To explode or be discharged; — said of gunpowder, of a gun, a mine, etc.</cd> <sd><i>(e)</i></sd> <cd>To find a purchaser; to be sold or disposed of.</cd> <sd><i>(f)</i></sd> <cd>To pass off; to take place; to be accomplished.</cd></p>

<p><blockquote>The wedding <i>went off</i> much as such affairs do.</blockquote> <i>Mrs. Caskell.</i></p>

<p>— <col><b>To go on</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>To proceed; to advance further; to continue; as, <i>to go on</i> reading.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>To be put or drawn on; to fit over; as, the coat will not <i>go on</i>.</cd> — <col><b>To go all fours</b></col>, <cd>to correspond exactly, point for point.</cd></p>

<p><blockquote>It is not easy to make a simile <i>go on all fours</i>.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p>— <col><b>To go out</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>To issue forth from a place.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>To go abroad; to make an excursion or expedition.</cd></p>

<p><blockquote>There are other men fitter <i>to go out</i> than I.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>What <i>went</i> ye <i>out</i> for to see ?</blockquote> <i>Matt. xi. 7, 8, 9.</i></p>

<p><sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <cd>To become diffused, divulged, or spread abroad, as news, fame etc.</cd> <sd><i>(d)</i></sd> <cd>To expire; to die; to cease; to come to an end; as, the light has <i>gone out</i>.</cd></p>

<p><blockquote>Life itself <i>goes out</i> at thy displeasure.</blockquote> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p>— <col><b>To go over</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>To traverse; to cross, as a river, boundary, etc.; to change sides.</cd></p>

<p><blockquote>I must not <i>go over</i> Jordan.</blockquote> <i>Deut. iv. 22.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Let me <i>go over</i>, and see the good land that is beyond Jordan.</blockquote> <i>Deut. iii. 25.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Ishmael . . . departed <i>to go over</i> to the Ammonites.</blockquote> <i>Jer. xli. 10.</i></p>

<p><sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>To read, or study; to examine; to review; as, <i>to go over</i> one's accounts.</cd></p>

<p><blockquote>If we <i>go over</i> the laws of Christianity, we shall find that . . . they enjoin the same thing.</blockquote> <i>Tillotson.</i></p>

<p><sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <cd>To transcend; to surpass.</cd> <sd><i>(d)</i></sd> <cd>To be postponed; as, the bill <i>went over</i> for the session.</cd> <sd><i>(e)</i></sd> <i>(Chem.)</i> <cd>To be converted (into a specified substance or material); as, monoclinic sulphur <i>goes over</i> into orthorhombic, by standing; sucrose <i>goes over</i> into dextrose and levulose.</cd> — <col><b>To go through</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>To accomplish; as, <i>to go through</i> a work.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>To suffer; to endure to the end; as, <i>to go through</i> a surgical operation or a tedious illness.</cd> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <cd>To spend completely; to exhaust, as a fortune.</cd> <sd><i>(d)</i></sd> <cd>To strip or despoil (one) of his property.</cd> [Slang] <sd><i>(e)</i></sd> <cd>To botch or bungle a business.</cd> [Scot.] — <col><b>To go through with</b></col>, <cd>to perform, as a calculation, to the end; to complete.</cd> — <col><b>To go to ground</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>To escape into a hole; — said of a hunted fox.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>To fall in battle.</cd> — <col><b>To go to naught</b></col> (Colloq.), <cd>to prove abortive, or unavailling.</cd> — <col><b>To go under</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>To set; — said of the sun.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>To be known or recognized by (a name, title, etc.</cd>). <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <cd>To be overwhelmed, submerged, or defeated; to perish; to succumb.</cd> — <col><b>To go up</b></col>, <cd>to come to nothing; to prove abortive; to fail.</cd> [Slang] — <col><b>To go upon</b></col>, <cd>to act upon, as a foundation or hypothesis.</cd> — <col><b>To go with</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>To accompany.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>To coincide or agree with.</cd> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <cd>To suit; to harmonize with.</cd> — <col><b>To go</b></col> (<col><b>well</b></col>, <col><b>ill</b></col>, or <col><b>hard</b></col>) <col><b>with</b></col>, <cd>to affect (one) in such manner.</cd> — <col><b>To go without</b></col>, <cd>to be, or to remain, destitute of.</cd> — <col><b>To go wrong</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>To take a wrong road or direction; to wander or stray.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>To depart from virtue.</cd> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <cd>To happen unfortunately.</cd> <sd><i>(d)</i></sd> <cd>To miss success.</cd> — <col><b>To let go</b></col>, <cd>to allow to depart; to quit one's hold; to release.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Go</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To take, as a share in an enterprise; to undertake or become responsible for; to bear a part in.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>They to <i>go</i> equal shares in the booty.</blockquote> <i>L'Estrange.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To bet or wager; as, I'll <i>go</i> you a shilling.</def> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><col><b>To go halves</b></col>, <cd>to share with another equally.</cd> — <col><b>To go it</b></col>, <cd>to behave in a wild manner; to be uproarious; to carry on; also, to proceed; to make progress.</cd> [Colloq.] — <col><b>To go it alone</b></col> <i>(Card Playing)</i>, <cd>to play a hand without the assistance of one's partner.</cd> — <col><b>To go it blind</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>To act in a rash, reckless, or headlong manner.</cd> [Slang] <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <i>(Card Playing)</i> <cd>To bet without having examined the cards.</cd> — <col><b>To go one's way</b></col>, <cd>to set forth; to depart.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Go</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Act; working; operation.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>So gracious were the <i>goes</i> of marriage.</blockquote> <i>Marston.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A circumstance or occurrence; an incident.</def> [Slang]</p>

<p><blockquote>This is a pretty <i>go</i>.</blockquote> <i>Dickens.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>The fashion or mode; as, quite the <i>go</i>.</def> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Noisy merriment; as, a high <i>go</i>.</def> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>A glass of spirits.</def> [Slang]</p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>Power of going or doing; energy; vitality; perseverance; push; as, there is no <i>go</i> in him.</def> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <i>(Cribbage)</i> <def>That condition in the course of the game when a player can not lay down a card which will not carry the aggregate count above thirty-one.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Great go</b></col>, <col><b>Little go</b></col>, <cd>the final and the preliminary examinations for a degree.</cd> [Slang, Eng. Univ.] — <col><b>No go</b></col>, <cd>a failure; a fiasco.</cd> [Slang] <i>Thackeray.</i> — <col><b>On the go</b></col>, <cd>moving about; unsettled.</cd> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><hw>Go"a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A species of antelope (<i>Procapra picticauda</i>), inhabiting Thibet.</def></p>

<p><hw>Goad</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>g&amacr;d</i>; perh. akin to AS. <i>g&amacr;r</i> a dart, and E. <i>gore</i>. See <u>Gore</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>] <def>A pointed instrument used to urge on a beast; hence, any necessity that urges or stimulates.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The daily <i>goad</i> urging him to the daily toil.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><hw>Goad</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Goaded</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Goading</u>.] <def>To prick; to drive with a goad; hence, to urge forward, or to rouse by anything pungent, severe, irritating, or inflaming; to stimulate.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>That temptation that doth <i>goad</i> us on.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — To urge; stimulate; excite; arouse; irritate; incite; instigate.</p>

<p><hw>Goaf</hw> (?); <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Goafs</b></plw> (#) or <plw><b>Goaves</b></plw> (#). [Cf. lst <u>Gob</u>.] <i>(Mining)</i> <def>That part of a mine from which the mineral has been partially or wholly removed; the waste left in old workings; — called also <i>gob</i> .</def></p>

<p><col><b>To work the goaf</b></col> or <col><b>gob</b></col>, <cd>to remove the pillars of mineral matter previously left to support the roof, and replace them with props.</cd> <i>Ure.</i></p>

<p><hw>Goal</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>gaule</i> pole, Prov. F. <i>waule</i>, of German origin; cf. Fries. <i>walu</i> staff, stick, rod, Goth. <i>walus</i>, Icel. <i>v&ouml;lr</i> a round stick; prob. akin to E. <i>wale</i>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The mark set to bound a race, and to or around which the constestants run, or from which they start to return to it again; the place at which a race or a journey is to end.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Part curb their fiery steeds, or shun the <i>goal</i><BR> With rapid wheels.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The final purpose or aim; the end to which a design tends, or which a person aims to reach or attain.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Each individual seeks a several <i>goal</i>.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A base, station, or bound used in various games; in football, a line between two posts across which the ball must pass in order to score; also, the act of kicking the ball over the line between the goal posts.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Goal keeper</b></col>, <cd>the player charged with the defense of the goal.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Go"a pow"der</hw> (?). [So called from <i>Goa</i>, on the Malabar coast, whither it was shipped from Portugal.] <def>A bitter powder (also called <i>araroba</i>) found in the interspaces of the wood of a Brazilian tree (<i>Andira araroba</i>) and used as a medicine. It is the material from which chrysarobin is obtained.</def></p>

<p><hw>Goar</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Same as lst <u>Gore</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Goar"ish</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Patched; mean.</def> [Obs.] <i>Beau. & Fl.</i></p>

<p><hw>Goat</hw> (g&omacr;t), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE <i>goot</i>, <i>got</i>, <i>gat</i>, AS. <i>g&amacr;t</i>; akin to D. <i>geit</i>, OHG. <i>geiz</i>, G. <i>geiss</i>, Icel. <i>geit</i>, Sw. <i>get</i>, Dan. <i>ged</i>, Goth. <i>gaits</i>, L. <i>haedus</i> a young goat, kid.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A hollow-horned ruminant of the genus <i>Capra</i>, of several species and varieties, esp. the domestic goat (<i>C. hircus</i>), which is raised for its milk, flesh, and skin.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The Cashmere and Angora varieties of the goat have long, silky hair, used in the manufacture of textile fabrics. The wild or bezoar goat (<i>Capra &aelig;gagrus</i>), of Asia Minor, noted for the bezoar stones found in its stomach, is supposed to be one of the ancestral species of the domestic goat. The Rocky Mountain goat (<i>Haplocercus montanus</i>) is more nearly related to the antelopes. See <u>Mazame</u>.</p>

<p><col><b>Goat antelope</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l)</i>, <cd>one of several species of antelopes, which in some respects resemble a goat, having recurved horns, a stout body, large hoofs, and a short, flat tail, as the goral, thar, mazame, and chikara.</cd> — <col><b>Goat fig</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>the wild fig.</cd> — <col><b>Goat house</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>A place for keeping goats.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>A brothel.</cd> [Obs.] — <col><b>Goat moth</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>any moth of the genus <i>Cossus</i>, esp. the large European species (<i>C. ligniperda</i>), the larva of which burrows in oak and willow trees, and requires three years to mature. It exhales an odor like that of the he-goat.</cd> — <col><b>Goat weed</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>a scrophulariaceous plant, of the genus <i>Capraria</i> (<i>C. biflora</i>).</cd> — <col><b>Goat's bane</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>a poisonous plant (<i>Aconitum Lucoctonum</i>), bearing pale yellow flowers, introduced from Switzerland into England; wolfsbane.</cd> — <col><b>Goat's beard</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>a plant of the genus <i>Tragopogon</i>; — so named from the long silky beard of the seeds. One species is the salsify or oyster plant.</cd> — <col><b>Goat's foot</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>a kind of wood sorrel (<i>Oxalis caprina</i>) growing at the Cape of Good Hope.</cd> — <col><b>Goat's rue</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>a leguminous plant (<i>Galega officinalis</i> of Europe, or <i>Tephrosia Virginiana</i> in the United States).</cd> — <col><b>Goat's thorn</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>a thorny leguminous plant (<i>Astragalus Tragacanthus</i>), found in the Levant.</cd> — <col><b>Goat's wheat</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>the genus <i>Tragopyrum</i> (now referred to <i>Atraphaxis</i>).</cd></p>

<p><hw>Goat`ee"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A part of a man's beard on the chin or lower lip which is allowed to grow, and trimmed so as to resemble the beard of a goat.</def></p>

<p><hw>Goat"fish`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A fish of the genus <i>Upeneus</i>, inhabiting the Gulf of Mexico. It is allied to the surmullet.</def></p>

<p><hw>Goat"herd`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who tends goats.</def> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Goat"ish</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Characteristic of a goat; goatlike.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Give your chaste body up to the embraces<BR> Of <i>goatish</i> lust.</blockquote> <i>Massinger.</i></p>

<p>— <wf>Goat"ish*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Goat"ish*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Goat"like`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Like a goat; goatish.</def></p>

<p><hw>Goat"skin`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The skin of a goat, or leather made from it.</def> — <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Made of the skin of a goat.</def></p>

<p><hw>Goat"suck`er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of several species of insectivorous birds, belonging to <i>Caprimulgus</i> and allied genera, esp. the European species (<i>Caprimulgus Europ&aelig;us</i>); — so called from the mistaken notion that it sucks goats. The European species is also <i>goat-milker</i>, <i>goat owl</i>, <i>goat chaffer</i>, <i>fern owl</i>, <i>night hawk</i>, <i>nightjar</i>, <i>night churr</i>, <i>churr-owl</i>, <i>gnat hawk</i>, and <i>dorhawk</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Goaves</hw> (g&omacr;vz), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [See <u>Goaf</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <i>(Mining)</i> <def>Old workings. See <u>Goaf</u>.</def> <i>Raymond.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gob</hw> (g&obreve;b), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. <u>Goaf</u>.] <i>(Mining)</i> <def>Same as <u>Goaf</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gob</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>gob</i> morsel; cf. F. <i>gobe</i>, <i>gobbe</i>, a poisoned morsel, poison ball, <i>gobet</i> a piece swallowed, <i>gober</i> to swallow greedily and without tasting; cf. Gael. & Ir. <i>gob</i> mouth, snout, W. <i>gwp</i> a bird's head and neck. Cf. <u>Gobble</u>, <u>Job</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A little mass or collection; a small quantity; a mouthful.</def> [Low] <i>L'Estrange.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The mouth.</def> [Prov. Eng.or Low] <i>Wright.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gob"bet</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. & F. <i>gobet</i>. See 2d <u>Gob</u>.] <def>A mouthful; a lump; a small piece.</def> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>[He] had broken the stocks to small <i>gobbets</i>.</blockquote> <i>Wyclif.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gob"bet</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To swallow greedily; to swallow in gobbets.</def> [Low] <i>L'Estrange.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gob"bet*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In pieces.</def> [Obs.] <i>Huloet.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gob"bing</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See lst <u>Gob</u>.] <i>(Mining)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The refuse thrown back into the excavation after removing the coal. It is called also <i>gob stuff</i>.</def> <i>Brande & C.</i></p>

<p><sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The process of packing with waste rock; stowing.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gob"ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Gobbled</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Gobbling</u> (?).] [Freq. of 2d <i>gob</i>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To swallow or eat greedily or hastily; to gulp.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Supper <i>gobbled</i> up in haste.</blockquote> <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To utter (a sound) like a turkey cock.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He . . . <i>gobbles</i> out a note of self- approbation.</blockquote> <i>Goldsmith.</i></p>

<p><col><b>To gobble up</b></col>, <cd>to capture in a mass or in masses; to capture suddenly.</cd> [Slang]</p>

<p><hw>Gob"ble</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To eat greedily.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To make a noise like that of a turkey cock.</def> <i>Prior.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gob"ble</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A noise made in the throat.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Ducks and geese . . . set up a discordant <i>gobble</i>.</blockquote> <i>Mrs. Gore.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gob"bler</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A turkey cock; a bubbling Jock.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gob"e*lin</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pertaining to tapestry produced in the so-called <i>Gobelin</i> works, which have been maintained by the French Government since 1667.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Gobe`mouche"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F.] <def>Literally, a fly swallower; hence, once who keeps his mouth open; a boor; a silly and credulous person.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gob"et</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Gobbet</u>.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Go"-be*tween`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>An intermediate agent; a broker; a procurer; — usually in a disparaging sense.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Go"bi*oid</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [NL. <i>Gobius + - oid</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Like, or pertaining to, the goby, or the genus <i>Gobius</i>.</def> — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A gobioid fish.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gob"let</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>gobelet</i>, LL. <i>gobeletus</i>, <i>gobellus</i>; cf. L. <i>cupa</i> tub, cask. See <u>Cupel</u>.] <def>A kind of cup or drinking vessel having a foot or standard, but without a handle.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>We love not loaded boards and <i>goblets</i> crowned.</blockquote> <i>Denham.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gob"lin</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>gobelin</i>, F. <i>gobelin</i>, LL. <i>gobelinus</i>, fr. Gr. &?; knave, a mischievous goblin; or cf. G. <i>kobold</i>, E. <i>kobold</i>, <i>cobalt</i>, Armor. <i>gobilin</i> an ignis fatuus, goblin.] <def>An evil or mischievous spirit; a playful or malicious elf; a frightful phantom; a gnome.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>To whom the <i>goblin</i>, full of wrath, replied.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><! p. 636 !></p>

<p><hw>Gob"line`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>One of the ropes or chains serving as stays for the dolphin striker or the bowsprit; — called also <i>gobrope</i> and <i>gaubline</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gob"lin*ize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To transform into a goblin.</def> [R.] <i>Lowell.</i></p>

<p><hw>Go"by</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Gobies</b></plw> (#). [F. <i>gobie</i>, L. <i>gobius</i>, <i>gobio</i>, Gr. &?; Cf. <u>Gudgeon</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of several species of small marine fishes of the genus <i>Gobius</i> and allied genera.</def></p>

<p><hw>Go"-by`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A passing without notice; intentional neglect; thrusting away; a shifting off; adieu; as, to give a proposal the <i>go-by</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Some songs to which we have given the <i>go- by</i>.</blockquote> <i>Prof. Wilson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Go"cart`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A framework moving on casters, designed to support children while learning to walk.</def></p>

<p><hw>God</hw> (?), <pos><i>a. & n.</i></pos> <def>Good.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>God</hw> (g&obreve;d), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>god</i>; akin to OS. & D. <i>god</i>, OHG. <i>got</i>, G. <i>gott</i>, Icel. <i>gu&eth;</i>, <i>go&eth;</i>, Sw. & Dan. <i>gud</i>, Goth. <i>gup</i>, prob. orig. a p. p. from a root appearing in Skr. <i>h&umacr;</i>, p. p. <i>h&umacr;ta</i>, to call upon, invoke, implore. &radic;30. Cf. <u>Goodbye</u>, <u>Gospel</u>, <u>Gossip</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A being conceived of as possessing supernatural power, and to be propitiated by sacrifice, worship, etc.; a divinity; a deity; an object of worship; an idol.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He maketh a <i>god</i>, and worshipeth it.</blockquote> <i>Is. xliv. 15.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The race of Israel . . . bowing lowly down<BR> To bestial <i>gods</i>.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The Supreme Being; the eternal and infinite Spirit, the Creator, and the Sovereign of the universe; Jehovah.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>God</i> is a Spirit; and they that worship him must worship him in spirit and in truth.</blockquote> <i>John iv. 24.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A person or thing deified and honored as the chief good; an object of supreme regard.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Whose <i>god</i> is their belly.</blockquote> <i>Phil. iii. 19.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Figuratively applied to one who wields great or despotic power.</def> [R.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Act of God</b></col>. <i>(Law)</i> <cd>See under <u>Act</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Gallery gods</b></col>, <cd>the occupants of the highest and cheapest gallery of a theater.</cd> [Colloq.] — <col><b>God's acre</b></col>, <col><b>God's field</b></col>, <cd>a burial place; a churchyard. See under <u>Acre</u>.</cd> — <col><b>God's house</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>An almshouse.</cd> [Obs.] <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>A church.</cd> — <col><b>God's penny</b></col>, <cd>earnest penny.</cd> [Obs.] <i>Beau. & Fl.</i> — <col><b>God's Sunday</b></col>, <cd>Easter.</cd></p>

<p><hw>God</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To treat as a god; to idolize.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>God"child`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One for whom a person becomes sponsor at baptism, and whom he promises to see educated as a Christian; a godson or goddaughter. See <u>Godfather</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>God"daugh`ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>goddohtor</i>.] <def>A female for whom one becomes sponsor at baptism.</def></p>

<p><hw>God"dess</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A female god; a divinity, or deity, of the female sex.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>When the daughter of Jupiter presented herself among a crowd of <i>goddesses</i>, she was distinguished by her graceful stature and superior beauty.</blockquote> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A woman of superior charms or excellence.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gode</hw> (?), <pos><i>a. & n.</i></pos> <def>Good.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gode"lich</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Goodly.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>God"fa`ther</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>godf&aelig;der</i>. Cf. <u>Gossip</u>.] <def>A man who becomes sponsor for a child at baptism, and makes himself a surety for its Christian training and instruction.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>There shall be for every Male-child to be baptized, when they can be had, two <i>Godfathers</i> and one Godmother; and for every Female, one <i>Godfather</i> and two Godmothers; and Parents shall be admitted as Sponsors, if it is desired.</blockquote> <i>Book of Common Prayer (Prot. Episc. Ch., U. S. ).</i></p>

<p><hw>God"fa`ther</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To act as godfather to; to take under one's fostering care.</def> [R.] <i>Burke.</i></p>

<p><hw>God"-fear`ing</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having a reverential and loving feeling towards God; religious.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A brave <i>god-fearing</i> man.</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><hw>God"head</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>godhed</i>. See <u>-head</u>, and cf. <u>Godhood</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Godship; deity; divinity; divine nature or essence; godhood.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The Deity; God; the Supreme Being.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The imperial throne<BR> Of <i>Godhead</i>, fixed for ever.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A god or goddess; a divinity.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Adoring first the genius of the place,<BR> The nymphs and native <i>godheads</i> yet unknown.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>God"hood</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>God</i> + <i>- hood</i>. Cf. <u>Godhead</u>.] <def>Divine nature or essence; deity; godhead.</def></p>

<p><hw>God"ild</hw> (?). <def>A corruption of <i>God yield</i>, i. e., God reward or bless.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>God"less</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having, or acknowledging, no God; without reverence for God; impious; wicked.</def> — <wf>God"less*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>God"less*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>God"like`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>God</i> + <i>like.</i> Cf. <u>Godly</u>.] <def>Resembling or befitting a god or God; divine; hence, preeminently good; as, <i>godlike</i> virtue.</def> — <wf>God"like`ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>God"li*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>Righteously.</def> <i>H. Wharton.</i></p>

<p><hw>God"li*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From <u>Godly</u>.] <def>Careful observance of, or conformity to, the laws of God; the state or quality of being godly; piety.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Godliness</i> is profitable unto all things.</blockquote> <i>1 Tim. iv. 8.</i></p>

<p><hw>God"ling</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A diminutive god.</def> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>God"ly</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>God</i>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> + <i>-ly</i>. Cf. <u>Godlike</u>, <u>Like</u>.] <def>Pious; reverencing God, and his character and laws; obedient to the commands of God from love for, and reverence of, his character; conformed to God's law; devout; righteous; as, a <i>godly</i> life.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>For <i>godly</i> sorrow worketh repentance.</blockquote> <i>2 Cor. vii. 10.</i></p>

<p><hw>God"ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>Piously; devoutly; righteously.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>All that will live <i>godly</i> in Christ Jesus shall suffer persecution.</blockquote> <i>2. Tim. iii. 12.</i></p>

<p><hw>God"ly*head</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. <u>Goodlyhead</u>.] <def>Goodness.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>God"moth`er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>godm&?;dor</i>.] <def>A woman who becomes sponsor for a child in baptism. See <u>Godfather</u></def></p>

<p><hw>Go*down"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Corruption of Malay <i>g&amacr;dong</i> warehouse.] <def>A warehouse.</def> [East Indies]</p>

<p><hw>Go*droon"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>godron</i> a round plait, godroon.] <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>An ornament produced by notching or carving a rounded molding.</def></p>

<p><hw>God"send`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Something sent by God; an unexpected acquisiton or piece of good fortune.</def></p>

<p><hw>God"ship</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>God</i>, n. + <i>- ship</i>.] <def>The rank or character of a god; deity; divinity; a god or goddess.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>O'er hills and dales their <i>godships</i> came.</blockquote> <i>Prior.</i></p>

<p><hw>God"sib</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A gossip.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>God"son`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>godsunu</i>.] <def>A male for whom one has stood sponsor in baptism. See <u>Godfather</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>God"speed`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Success; prosperous journeying; — a contraction of the phrase, "<i>God speed</i> you." </def> [Written also as two separate words.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Receive him not into house, neither bid him <i>God speed</i>.</blockquote> <i>2 John 10.</i></p>

<p><hw>God"ward</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>Toward God.</def> <i>2 Cor. iii. 4.</i></p>

<p><hw>God"wit</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Prob. from AS. <i>g&?;d</i> good + <i>wiht</i> creature, wight.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of several species of long-billed, wading birds of the genus <i>Limosa</i>, and family <i>Tringid&aelig;</i>. The European black- tailed godwit (<i>Limosa limosa</i>), the American marbled godwit (<i>L. fedoa</i>), the Hudsonian godwit (<i>L. h&aelig;mastica</i>), and others, are valued as game birds. Called also <i>godwin</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Go"el</hw> (g&omacr;"&ebreve;l), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. <u>Yellow</u>. &radic;49.] <def>Yellow.</def> [Obs.] <i>Tusser.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Go`&euml;`land"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>go&euml;land</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A white tropical tern (<i>Cygis candida</i>).</def></p>

<p><hw>||Go`&euml;`min"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>go&euml;mon</i> seaweed.] <def>A complex mixture of several substances extracted from Irish moss.</def></p>

<p><hw>Go"en</hw> (?), <def><pos><i>p. p.</i></pos> of Go.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Go"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From Go.] <def>One who, or that which, goes; a runner or walker</def>; as: <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A foot.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chapman.</i> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A horse, considered in reference to his gait; as, a good <i>goer</i>; a safe <i>goer</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>This antechamber has been filled with comers and <i>goers</i>.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><hw>Go"e*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; witchcraft, from &?; to bewitch, &?; sorcerer: cf. F. <i>go&eacute;tie</i>.] <def>Invocation of evil spirits; witchcraft.</def> [Obs.] <i>Hallywell.</i></p>

<p><hw>Goff</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>goffe</i> ill- made, awkward, It. <i>goffo</i>, Sp. <i>gofo</i>, Prov. G. <i>goff</i> a blockhead, Gr. &?; stupid.] <def>A silly clown.</def> [Prov. Eng.] <i>Halliwell.</i></p>

<p><hw>Goff</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A game. See <u>Golf</u>.</def> [Scot.] <i>Halliwell.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gof"fer</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Goffered</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Goffering</u>.] [See <u>Gauffer</u>.] <def>To plait, flute, or crimp. See <u>Gauffer</u>.</def> <i>Clarke.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gog</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. <i>agog</i>, F. <i>gogue</i> sprightliness, also W. <i>gogi</i> to agitate, shake.] <def>Haste; ardent desire to go.</def> [Obs.] <i>Beau. & Fl.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gog"gle</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Goggled</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Goggling</u> (?).] [Cf. Ir. & Gael. <i>gog</i> a nod, slight motion.] <def>To roll the eyes; to stare.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>And wink and <i>goggle</i> like an owl.</blockquote> <i>Hudibras.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gog"gle</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Full and rolling, or staring; — said of the eyes.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The long, sallow vissage, the <i>goggle</i> eyes.</blockquote> <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gog"gle</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Goggle</u>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos>]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A strained or affected rolling of the eye.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>pl.</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A kind of spectacles with short, projecting eye tubes, in the front end of which are fixed plain glasses for protecting the eyes from cold, dust, etc.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>Colored glasses for relief from intense light.</def> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <def>A disk with a small aperture, to direct the sight forward, and cure squinting.</def> <sd><i>(d)</i></sd> <def>Any screen or cover for the eyes, with or without a slit for seeing through.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gog"gled</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Prominent; staring, as the eye.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gog"gle-eye`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>One of two or more species of American fresh-water fishes of the family <i>Centrarchid&aelig;</i>, esp. <i>Ch&aelig;nobryttus antistius</i>, of Lake Michigan and adjacent waters, and <i>Ambloplites rupestris</i>, of the Great Lakes and Mississippi Valley; — so called from their prominent eyes.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The goggler.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gog"gle-eyed`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having prominent and distorted or rolling eyes.</def> <i>Ascham.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gog"gler</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A carangoid oceanic fish (<i>Trachurops crumenophthalmus</i>), having very large and prominent eyes; — called also <i>goggle- eye</i>, <i>big-eyed scad</i>, and <i>cicharra</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gog"let</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Pg. <i>gorgoleta</i>.] <def>See <u>Gurglet</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Go"ing</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of moving in any manner; traveling; as, the <i>going</i> is bad.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Departure.</def> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Pregnancy; gestation; childbearing.</def> <i>Crew.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>pl.</i> <def>Course of life; behavior; doings; ways.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>His eyes are upon the ways of man, and he seeth all his <i>goings</i>.</blockquote> <i>Job xxxiv. 21.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Going barrel</b></col>. <i>(Horology)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>A barrel containing the mainspring, and having teeth on its periphery to drive the train.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>A device for maintaining a force to drive the train while the timepiece is being wound up.</cd> — <col><b>Going forth</b></col>. <i>(Script.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>Outlet; way of exit.</cd> "Every <i>going forth</i> of the sanctuary." <i>Ezek. xliv. 5.</i> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>A limit; a border.</cd> "The <i>going forth</i> thereof shall be from the south to Kadesh-barnea." <i>Num. xxxiv. 4.</i> — <col><b>Going out</b></col>, or <col><b>Goings out</b></col>. <i>(Script.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>The utmost extremity or limit.</cd> "The border shall go down to Jordan, and the <i>goings out</i> of it shall be at the salt sea." <i>Num. xxxiv. 12.</i> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>Departure or journeying.</cd> "And Moses wrote their <i>goings out</i> according to their journeys." <i>Num. xxxiii. 2.</i> — <col><b>Goings on</b></col>, <cd>behavior; actions; conduct; — usually in a bad sense.</cd></p>

<p>{ <hw>Goi"ter</hw> <hw>Goi"tre</hw> } (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>go&icirc;tre</i>, L. <i>guttur</i> throat, cf. tumidum <i>guttur</i> goiter, <i>gutturosus</i> goitered. See <u>Guttural</u>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>An enlargement of the thyroid gland, on the anterior part of the neck; bronchocele. It is frequently associated with cretinism, and is most common in mountainous regions, especially in certain parts of Switzerland.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Goi"tered</hw>, <hw>Goi"tred</hw> } (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Affected with goiter.</def></p>

<p><hw>Goi"trous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [F. <i>go&icirc;treux</i>, L. <i>gutturosus</i>. See <u>Goiter</u>.] <def>Pertaining to the goiter; affected with the goiter; of the nature of goiter or bronchocele.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Let me not be understood as insinuating that the inhabitants in general are either <i>goitrous</i> or idiots.</blockquote> <i>W. Coxe.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Gold</hw> (g&omacr;ld), <hw>Golde</hw>, <hw>Goolde</hw> (g&oomac;ld), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>An old English name of some yellow flower, — the marigold (<i>Calendula</i>), according to Dr. Prior, but in Chaucer perhaps the turnsole.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gold</hw> (g&omacr;ld), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>gold</i>; akin to D. <i>goud</i>, OS. & G. <i>gold</i>, Icel. <i>gull</i>, Sw. & Dan. <i>guld</i>, Goth. <i>gul&thorn;</i>, Russ. & OSlav. <i>zlato</i>; prob. akin to E. <i>yellow</i>. &radic;49, 234. See <u>Yellow</u>, and cf. <u>Gild</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A metallic element, constituting the most precious metal used as a common commercial medium of exchange. It has a characteristic yellow color, is one of the heaviest substances known (specific gravity 19.32), is soft, and very malleable and ductile. It is quite unalterable by heat, moisture, and most corrosive agents, and therefore well suited for its use in coin and jewelry. Symbol Au (<i>Aurum</i>). Atomic weight 196.7.</def></p>

<p>&fist; Native gold contains usually eight to ten per cent of silver, but often much more. As the amount of silver increases, the color becomes whiter and the specific gravity lower. Gold is very widely disseminated, as in the sands of many rivers, but in very small quantity. It usually occurs in quartz veins (gold quartz), in slate and metamorphic rocks, or in sand and alluvial soil, resulting from the disintegration of such rocks. It also occurs associated with other metallic substances, as in auriferous pyrites, and is combined with tellurium in the minerals <i>petzite</i>, <i>calaverite</i>, <i>sylvanite</i>, etc. Pure gold is too soft for ordinary use, and is hardened by alloying with silver and copper, the latter giving a characteristic reddish tinge. [See <u>Carat</u>.] Gold also finds use in gold foil, in the pigment <i>purple of Cassius</i>, and in the chloride, which is used as a toning agent in photography.</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Money; riches; wealth.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>For me, the <i>gold</i> of France did not seduce.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A yellow color, like that of the metal; as, a flower tipped with <i>gold</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Figuratively, something precious or pure; as, hearts of <i>gold</i>.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Age of gold</b></col>. <cd>See <i>Golden age</i>, under <u>Golden</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Dutch gold</b></col>, <col><b>Fool's gold</b></col>, <col><b>Gold dust</b></col>, <cd>etc. See under <u>Dutch</u>, <u>Dust</u>, etc.</cd> — <col><b>Gold amalgam</b></col>, <cd>a mineral, found in Columbia and California, composed of gold and mercury.</cd> — <col><b>Gold beater</b></col>, <cd>one whose occupation is to beat gold into gold leaf.</cd> — <col><b>Gold beater's skin</b></col>, <cd>the prepared outside membrane of the large intestine of the ox, used for separating the leaves of metal during the process of gold-beating.</cd> — <col><b>Gold beetle</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>any small gold-colored beetle of the family <i>Chrysomelid&aelig;</i>; — called also <i>golden beetle</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Gold blocking</b></col>, <cd>printing with gold leaf, as upon a book cover, by means of an engraved block.</cd> <i>Knight.</i> — <col><b>Gold cloth</b></col>. <cd>See <i>Cloth of gold</i>, under <u>Cloth</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Gold Coast</b></col>, <cd>a part of the coast of Guinea, in West Africa.</cd> — <col><b>Gold cradle</b></col>. <i>(Mining)</i> <cd>See <u>Cradle</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, 7.</cd> — <col><b>Gold diggings</b></col>, <cd>the places, or region, where gold is found by digging in sand and gravel from which it is separated by washing.</cd> — <col><b>Gold end</b></col>, <cd>a fragment of broken gold or jewelry.</cd> — <col><b>Gold-end man</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>A buyer of old gold or jewelry.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>A goldsmith's apprentice.</cd> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <cd>An itinerant jeweler.</cd> "I know him not: he looks like a <i>gold-end man</i>." <i>B. Jonson.</i> — <col><b>Gold fever</b></col>, <cd>a popular mania for gold hunting.</cd> — <col><b>Gold field</b></col>, <cd>a region in which are deposits of gold.</cd> — <col><b>Gold finder</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>One who finds gold.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>One who empties privies.</cd> [Obs. & Low] <i>Swift.</i> — <col><b>Gold flower</b></col>, <cd>a composite plant with dry and persistent yellow radiating involucral scales, the <i>Helichrysum St&oelig;chas</i> of Southern Europe. There are many South African species of the same genus.</cd> — <col><b>Gold foil</b></col>, <cd>thin sheets of gold, as used by dentists and others. See <u>Gold leaf</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Gold</b></col> <col><b>knobs or knoppes</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>buttercups.</cd> — <col><b>Gold lace</b></col>, <cd>a kind of lace, made of gold thread.</cd> — <col><b>Gold latten</b></col>, <cd>a thin plate of gold or gilded metal.</cd> — <col><b>Gold leaf</b></col>, <cd>gold beaten into a film of extreme thinness, and used for gilding, etc. It is much thinner than gold foil.</cd> — <col><b>Gold lode</b></col> <i>(Mining)</i>, <cd>a gold vein.</cd> — <col><b>Gold mine</b></col>, <cd>a place where gold is obtained by mining operations, as distinguished from diggings, where it is extracted by washing. Cf. <i>Gold diggings</i> (above).</cd> — <col><b>Gold nugget</b></col>, <cd>a lump of gold as found in gold mining or digging; — called also a <i>pepito</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Gold paint</b></col>. <cd>See <i>Gold shell</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Gold or Golden</b></col>, <col><b>pheasant</b></col>. <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <cd>See under <u>Pheasant</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Gold plate</b></col>, <cd>a general name for vessels, dishes, cups, spoons, etc., made of gold.</cd> — <col><b>Gold of pleasure</b></col>. [Name perhaps translated from Sp. <i>oro-de-alegria</i>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <cd>A plant of the genus <i>Camelina</i>, bearing yellow flowers. <i>C. sativa</i> is sometimes cultivated for the oil of its seeds.</cd> — <col><b>Gold shell</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>A composition of powdered gold or gold leaf, ground up with gum water and spread on shells, for artists' use; — called also <i>gold paint</i>.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <cd>A bivalve shell (<i>Anomia glabra</i>) of the Atlantic coast; — called also <i>jingle shell</i> and <i>silver shell</i>. See <u>Anomia</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Gold size</b></col>, <cd>a composition used in applying gold leaf.</cd> — <col><b>Gold solder</b></col>, <cd>a kind of solder, often containing twelve parts of gold, two of silver, and four of copper.</cd> — <col><b>Gold stick</b></col>, <cd>the colonel of a regiment of English lifeguards, who attends his sovereign on state occasions; — so called from the gilt rod presented to him by the sovereign when he receives his commission as colonel of the regiment.</cd> [Eng.] — <col><b>Gold thread</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>A thread formed by twisting flatted gold over a thread of silk, with a wheel and iron bobbins; spun gold.</cd> <i>Ure.</i> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <i>(Bot.)</i> <cd>A small evergreen plant (<i>Coptis trifolia</i>), so called from its fibrous yellow roots. It is common in marshy places in the United States.</cd> — <col><b>Gold tissue</b></col>, <cd>a tissue fabric interwoven with gold thread.</cd> — <col><b>Gold tooling</b></col>, <cd>the fixing of gold leaf by a hot tool upon book covers, or the ornamental impression so made.</cd> — <col><b>Gold washings</b></col>, <cd>places where gold found in gravel is separated from lighter material by washing.</cd> — <col><b>Gold worm</b></col>, <cd>a glowworm.</cd> [Obs.] — <col><b>Jeweler's gold</b></col>, <cd>an alloy containing three parts of gold to one of copper.</cd> — <col><b>Mosaic gold</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Mosaic</u>.</cd></p>

<p><! p. 637 !></p>

<p><hw>Gold"-beat`en</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Gilded.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Gold"-beat`ing</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The art or process of reducing gold to extremely thin leaves, by beating with a hammer.</def> <i>Ure.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gold"-bound`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Encompassed with gold.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gold"crest`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The European golden-crested kinglet (<i>Regulus cristatus</i>, or <i>R. regulus</i>); — called also <i>golden-crested wren</i>, and <i>golden wren</i>. The name is also sometimes applied to the American golden-crested kinglet. See <u>Kinglet</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gold"cup`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The cuckoobud.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gold"en</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [OE. <i>golden</i>; cf. OE. <i>gulden</i>, AS. <i>gylden</i>, from <i>gold</i>. See <u>Gold</u>, and cf. <u>Guilder</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Made of gold; consisting of gold.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Having the color of gold; as, the <i>golden</i> grain.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Very precious; highly valuable; excellent; eminently auspicious; as, <i>golden</i> opinions.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Golden age</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>The fabulous age of primeval simplicity and purity of manners in rural employments, followed by the <i>silver</i>, <i>bronze</i>, and <i>iron ages</i>.</cd> <i>Dryden.</i> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <i>(Roman Literature)</i> <cd>The best part (<u>B. C.</u> 81 — <u>A. D.</u> 14) of the classical period of Latinity; the time when Cicero, C&aelig;sar, Virgil, etc., wrote</cd>. Hence: <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <cd>That period in the history of a literature, etc., when it flourishes in its greatest purity or attains its greatest glory; as, the Elizabethan age has been considered the <i>golden age</i> of English literature.</cd> — <col><b>Golden balls</b></col>, <cd>three gilt balls used as a sign of a pawnbroker's office or shop; — originally taken from the coat of arms of Lombardy, the first money lenders in London having been Lombards.</cd> — <col><b>Golden bull</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Bull</u>, an edict.</cd> — <col><b>Golden chain</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>the shrub <i>Cytisus Laburnum</i>, so named from its long clusters of yellow blossoms.</cd> — <col><b>Golden club</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>an aquatic plant (<i>Orontium aquaticum</i>), bearing a thick spike of minute yellow flowers.</cd> — <col><b>Golden cup</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>the buttercup.</cd> — <col><b>Golden eagle</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a large and powerful eagle (<i>Aquila Chrysa&euml;tos</i>) inhabiting Europe, Asia, and North America. It is so called from the brownish yellow tips of the feathers on the head and neck. A dark variety is called the <i>royal eagle</i>; the young in the second year is the <i>ring-tailed eagle</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Golden fleece</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <i>(Mythol.)</i> <cd>The fleece of gold fabled to have been taken from the ram that bore Phryxus through the air to Colchis, and in quest of which Jason undertook the Argonautic expedition.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <i>(Her.)</i> <cd>An order of knighthood instituted in 1429 by Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy; - - called also <i>Toison d'Or</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Golden grease</b></col>, <cd>a bribe; a fee.</cd> [Slang] — <col><b>Golden hair</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>a South African shrubby composite plant with golden yellow flowers, the <i>Chrysocoma Coma- aurea</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Golden Horde</b></col> <i>(Hist.)</i>, <cd>a tribe of Mongolian Tartars who overran and settled in Southern Russia early in the 18th century.</cd> — <col><b>Golden Legend</b></col>, <cd>a hagiology (the "<i>Aurea Legenda</i>") written by James de Voragine, Archbishop of Genoa, in the 13th century, translated and printed by Caxton in 1483, and partially paraphrased by Longfellow in a poem thus entitled.</cd> — <col><b>Golden marcasite</b></col> <cd>tin.</cd> [Obs.] — <col><b>Golden mean</b></col>, <cd>the way of wisdom and safety between extremes; sufficiency without excess; moderation.</cd></p>

<p><blockquote>Angels guard him in the <i>golden mean</i>.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p>— <col><b>Golden mole</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l)</i>, <cd>one of several South African Insectivora of the family <i>Chrysochlorid&aelig;</i>, resembling moles in form and habits. The fur is tinted with green, purple, and gold.</cd> — <col><b>Golden number</b></col> <i>(Chronol.)</i>, <cd>a number showing the year of the lunar or Metonic cycle. It is reckoned from 1 to 19, and is so called from having formerly been written in the calendar in gold.</cd> — <col><b>Golden oriole</b></col>. <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <cd>See <u>Oriole</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Golden pheasant</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Pheasant</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Golden pippin</b></col>, <cd>a kind of apple, of a bright yellow color.</cd> — <col><b>Golden plover</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>one of several species of plovers, of the genus <i>Charadrius</i>, esp. the European (<i>C. apricarius, or pluvialis</i>; — called also <i>yellow, black-breasted, hill, &and; whistling, plover</i>. The common American species (<i>C. dominicus</i>) is also called <i>frostbird</i>, and <i>bullhead</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Golden robin</b></col>. <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <cd>See <u>Baltimore oriole</u>, in Vocab.</cd> — <col><b>Golden rose</b></col> <i>(R. C. Ch.)</i>, <cd>a gold or gilded rose blessed by the pope on the fourth Sunday in Lent, and sent to some church or person in recognition of special services rendered to the Holy See.</cd> — <col><b>Golden rule</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>The rule of doing as we would have others do to us. Cf. <i>Luke vi. 31.</i></cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>The rule of proportion, or rule of three.</cd> — <col><b>Golden samphire</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>a composite plant (<i>Inula crithmoides</i>), found on the seashore of Europe.</cd> — <col><b>Golden saxifrage</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>a low herb with yellow flowers (<i>Chrysosplenium oppositifolium</i>), blossoming in wet places in early spring.</cd> - - <col><b>Golden seal</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>a perennial ranunculaceous herb (<i>Hydrastis Canadensis</i>), with a thick knotted rootstock and large rounded leaves.</cd> — <col><b>Golden sulphide, or sulphuret</b></col>, <col><b>of antimony</b></col> <i>(Chem.)</i>, <cd>the pentasulphide of antimony, a golden or orange yellow powder.</cd> — <col><b>Golden warbler</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a common American wood warbler (<i>Dendroica &aelig;stiva</i>); — called also <i>blue-eyed yellow warbler</i>, <i>garden warbler</i>, and <i>summer yellow bird</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Golden wasp</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a bright- colored hymenopterous insect, of the family <i>Chrysidid&aelig;</i>. The colors are golden, blue, and green.</cd> — <col><b>Golden wedding</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Wedding</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Gold"en-eye`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A duck (<i>Glaucionetta clangula</i>), found in Northern Europe, Asia, and America. The American variety (var. <i>Americana</i>) is larger. Called <i>whistler</i>, <i>garrot</i>, <i>gowdy</i>, <i>pied widgeon</i>, <i>whiteside</i>, <i>curre</i>, and <i>doucker</i>. Barrow's golden-eye of America (<i>G. Islandica</i>) is less common.</def></p>

<p><hw>God"en*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In golden terms or a golden manner; splendidly; delightfully.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gold"en-rod`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A tall herb (<i>Solidago Virga-aurea</i>), bearing yellow flowers in a graceful elongated cluster. The name is common to all the species of the genus <i>Solidago</i>.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Golden-rod tree</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>a shrub (<i>Bosea Yervamora</i>), a native of the Canary Isles.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Gold"finch`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>goldfinc</i>. See <u>Gold</u>, and <u>Finch</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A beautiful bright- colored European finch (<i>Carduelis elegans</i>). The name refers to the large patch of yellow on the wings. The front of the head and throat are bright red; the nape, with part of the wings and tail, black; — called also <i>goldspink</i>, <i>goldie</i>, <i>fool's coat</i>, <i>drawbird</i>, <i>draw-water</i>, <i>thistle finch</i>, and <i>sweet William</i>.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The yellow- hammer.</def> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <def>A small American finch (<i>Spinus tristis</i>); the thistle bird.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The name is also applied to other yellow finches, esp. to several additional American species of <i>Spinus</i>.</p>

<p><hw>Gold"fin`ny</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of two or more species of European labroid fishes (<i>Crenilabrus melops</i>, and <i>Ctenolabrus rupestris</i>); — called also <i>goldsinny</i>, and <i>goldney</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gold"fish`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A small domesticated cyprinoid fish (<i>Carassius auratus</i>); — so named from its color. It is a native of China, and is said to have been introduced into Europe in 1691. It is often kept as an ornament, in small ponds or glass globes. Many varieties are known. Called also <i>golden fish</i>, and <i>golden carp</i>. See <i>Telescope fish</i>, under <u>Telescope</u>.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A California marine fish of an orange or red color; the garibaldi.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gold"-ham`mer</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The yellow- hammer.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gold"ie</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From <u>Gold</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The European goldfinch.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The yellow- hammer.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gold"i*locks`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Goldylocks</u>.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Gold"in</hw> (?), <hw>Gold"ing</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> [From the golden color of the blossoms.] <def>A conspicuous yellow flower, commonly the corn marigold (<i>Chrysanthemum segetum</i>).</def> [This word is variously corrupted into <i>gouland</i>, <i>gools</i>, <i>gowan</i>, etc.]</p>

<p><hw>Gold"less</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Destitute of gold.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gold"ney</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>See <u>Gilthead</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gold"seed`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Dog's-tail grass.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gold"sin`ny</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>See <u>Goldfinny</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gold"smith`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. goldsmi&?;. See <u>Gold</u>., and <u>Smith</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>An artisan who manufactures vessels and ornaments, etc., of gold.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A banker.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p>&fist; The goldsmiths of London formerly received money on deposit because they were prepared to keep it safely.</p>

<p><col><b>Goldsmith beetle</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a large, bright yellow, American beetle (<i>Cotalpa lanigera</i>), of the family <i>Scarab&aelig;id&aelig;</i></cd></p>

<p><hw>Gold"tit`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>See <u>Verdin</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gold"y*locks`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A plant of several species of the genus <i>Chrysocoma</i>; — so called from the tufts of yellow flowers which terminate the stems; also, the <i>Ranunculus auricomus</i>, a kind of buttercup.</def></p>

<p><hw>Go"let</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The gullet.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Go"let</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A California trout. See <u>Malma</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Golf</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [D. <i>kolf</i> club or bat, also a Dutch game played in an inclosed area with clubs and balls; akin to G. <i>kolben</i> club, but end, Icel. <i>k&?;lfr</i> tongue of a bell. bolt, Sw. <i>kolf</i> bolt, dart, but end, Dan. <i>kolv</i> bolt, arrow. Cf. <u>Club</u>, <u>Globe</u>.] <def>A game played with a small ball and a bat or club crooked at the lower end. He who drives the ball into each of a series of small holes in the ground and brings it into the last hole with the fewest strokes is the winner.</def> [Scot.] <i>Strutt.</i></p>

<p><hw>Golf"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who plays golf.</def> [Scot.]</p>

<p><hw>Gol"go*tha</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Calvary. See the Note under <u>Calvary</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gol"iard</hw> (g&omacr;l"y&etilde;rd), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From OF. <i>goliart</i> glutton, buffoon, riotous student, Goliard, LL. <i>goliardus</i>, prob. fr. L. <i>gula</i> throat. Cf. <u>Gules</u>.] <def>A buffoon in the Middle Ages, who attended rich men's tables to make sport for the guests by ribald stories and songs.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gol"iard*er*y</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The satirical or ribald poetry of the Goliards.</def> <i>Milman.</i></p>

<p><hw>Go*li"ath bee"tle</hw> (?). [From <i>Goliath</i>, the Philistine giant.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any species of <i>Goliathus</i>, a genus of very large and handsome African beetles.</def></p>

<p><hw>Goll</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Etymol. uncertain.] <def>A hand, paw, or claw.</def> [Obs.] <i>Sir P. Sidney. B. Jonson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Go*loe"-shoe`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A galoche.</def></p>

<p><hw>Go*lore"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Galore</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Go*loshe"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Galoche</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Golt"schut</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A small ingot of gold.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A silver ingot, used in Japan as money.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gol"yard*eys</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A buffoon. See <u>Goliard</u>.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Go"man</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Prob. fr. <i>good man</i>; but cf. also AS. <i>gumman</i> a man, OHG. <i>gomman</i> man, husband.] <def>A husband; a master of a family.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p>{ <hw>Go"mar*ist</hw> (?), <hw>Go"mar*ite</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Eccl.-Hist.)</i> <def>One of the followers of Francis <i>Gomar</i> or <i>Gomarus</i>, a Dutch disciple of Calvin in the 17th century, who strongly opposed the Arminians.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gom"bo</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Gumbo</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gome</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>guma</i>; akin to Goth. <i>guma</i>, L. <i>homo</i>. See <u>Bridegroom</u>.] <def>A man.</def> [Obs.] <i>P. Plowman.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gome</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. Icel. <i>gormr</i> ooze, mud.] <def>The black grease on the axle of a cart or wagon wheel; — called also <i>gorm</i>. See <u>Gorm</u>.</def> [Prov. Eng.]</p>

<p><hw>Go"mer</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A Hebrew measure. See <u>Homer</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Go"mer</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Gun.)</i> <def>A conical chamber at the breech of the bore in heavy ordnance, especially in mortars; — named after the inventor.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gom"me*lin</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>gommeline</i>, from <i>gomme</i> gum.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>See <u>Dextrin</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Gom*phi"a*sis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?; toothache or gnashing of teeth, fr. &?; a grinder tooth, from &?; a bolt.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>A disease of the teeth, which causes them to loosen and fall out of their sockets.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Gom*pho"sis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, prop., a bolting together, fr. &?; to fasten with bolts or nails, &?; bolt, nail: cf. F. <i>gomphose</i>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>A form of union or immovable articulation where a hard part is received into the cavity of a bone, as the teeth into the jaws.</def></p>

<p><hw>Go*mu"ti</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Malayan <i>gumuti</i>.] <def>A black, fibrous substance resembling horsehair, obtained from the leafstalks of two kinds of palms, <i>Metroxylon Sagu</i>, and <i>Arenga saccharifera</i>, of the Indian islands. It is used for making cordage. Called also <i>ejoo</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gon</hw> (?), <def><pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> of <u>Go</u>.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gon"ad</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Gonads</b></plw> (#). [Gr. &?; that which generates.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>One of the masses of generative tissue primitively alike in both sexes, but giving rise to either an ovary or a testis; a generative gland; a germ gland.</def> <i>Wiedersheim.</i></p>

<p><hw>Go"na*kie</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>An African timber tree (<i>Acacia Adansonii</i>).</def></p>

<p><hw>||Go`nan*gi"um</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> L. <plw><b>Gonangia</b></plw> (#), E. <plw><b>Gonangiums</b></plw> (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; offspring + &?; vessel.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>See <u>Gonotheca</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gon"do*la</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [It., dim. of <i>gonda</i> a gondola; cf. LL. <i>gandeia</i> a kind of boat, Gr. &?; a drinking vessel; said to be a Persian word; cf. F. <i>gondole</i> gondola, cup.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A long, narrow boat with a high prow and stern, used in the canals of Venice. A gondola is usually propelled by one or two oarsmen who stand facing the prow, or by poling. A gondola for passengers has a small open cabin amidships, for their protection against the sun or rain. A sumptuary law of Venice required that gondolas should be painted black, and they are customarily so painted now.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A flat-bottomed boat for freight.</def> [U. S.]</p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A long platform car, either having no sides or with very low sides, used on railroads.</def> [U. S.]</p>

<p><hw>Gon"do*let</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [It. <i>gondoletta</i>, dim. of <i>gondola</i>.] <def>A small gondola.</def> <i>T. Moore.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gon`do*lier"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [It. <i>gondoliere</i>: cf. F. <i>gondolier</i>.] <def>A man who rows a gondola.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gone</hw> (?), <def><pos><i>p. p.</i></pos> of <u>Go</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gone"ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A state of exhaustion; faintness, especially as resulting from hunger.</def> [Colloq. U. S.]</p>

<p>{ <hw>Gon"fa*lon</hw> (?), <hw>Gon"fa*non</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>gonfanoun</i>, OF. <i>gonfanon</i>, F. <i>gonfalon</i>, the same word as F. <i>confalon</i>, name of a religious brotherhood, fr. OHG. <i>gundfano</i> war flag; <i>gund</i> war (used in comp., and akin to AS. <i>g&umacr;&eth;</i>) + <i>fano</i> cloth, flag; akin to E. <i>vane</i>; cf. AS. <i>g&umacr;&eth;fana</i>. See <u>Vane</u>, and cf. <u>Confalon</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The ensign or standard in use by certain princes or states, such as the medi&aelig;val republics of Italy, and in more recent times by the pope.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A name popularly given to any flag which hangs from a crosspiece or frame instead of from the staff or the mast itself.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Standards and <i>gonfalons</i>, 'twixt van and rear,<BR> Stream in the air.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><! p. 638 !></p>

<p><hw>Gon`fa*lon*ier"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>gonfalonier</i>: cf. It. <i>gonfaloniere</i>.] <def>He who bears the gonfalon; a standard bearer</def>; as: <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>An officer at Rome who bears the standard of the Church.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The chief magistrate of any one of several republics in medi&aelig;veal Italy.</def> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <def>A Turkish general, and standard keeper.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gong</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>gong</i>, <i>gang</i>, a going, passage, drain. See <u>Gang</u>.] <def>A privy or jakes.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Gong farmer</b></col>, <col><b>Gong man</b></col>, <cd>a cleaner of privies.</cd> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Gong</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> [Malayan (Jav.) <i>g&omacr;ng</i>.] <def>An instrument, first used in the East, made of an alloy of copper and tin, shaped like a disk with upturned rim, and producing, when struck, a harsh and resounding noise.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>O'er distant deserts sounds the Tartar <i>gong</i>.</blockquote> <i>Longfellow.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Mach.)</i> <def>A flat saucerlike bell, rung by striking it with a small hammer which is connected with it by various mechanical devices; a stationary bell, used to sound calls or alarms; — called also <i>gong bell</i>.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Gong metal</b></col>, <cd>an alloy (78 parts of copper, 22 of tin), from which Oriental gongs are made.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Go"ni*a*tite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; angle.] <i>(Paleon.)</i> <def>One of an extinct genus of fossil cephalopods, allied to the Ammonites. The earliest forms are found in the Devonian formation, the latest, in the Triassic.</def></p>

<p><hw>Go*nid"i*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Pertaining to, or containing, gonidia.</def></p>

<p><hw>Go*nid"i*al</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to the angles of the mouth; as, a <i>gonidial</i> groove of an actinian.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Go*nid"i*um</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, dim. of &?; angle.] <i>(Zool.)</i> <def>A special groove or furrow at one or both angles of the mouth of many Anthozoa.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Go*nid"i*um</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Gonidia</b></plw> (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; that which generates.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A component cell of the yellowish green layer in certain lichens.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Go*nim"i*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?; productive, fr. &?; that which generates.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Bluish green granules which occur in certain lichens, as <i>Collema</i>, <i>Peltigera</i>, etc., and which replace the more usual gonidia.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gon"i*mous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Pertaining to, or containing, gonidia or gonimia, as that part of a lichen which contains the green or chlorophyll-bearing cells.</def></p>

<p><hw>Go`ni*om"e*ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; angle + <i>-meter</i>: cf. F. <i>goniom&egrave;tre</i>.] <def>An instrument for measuring angles, especially the angles of crystals, or the inclination of planes.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Contact, or Hand</b></col>, <col><b>goniometer</b></col>, <cd>a goniometer having two movable arms (<i>ab</i>, <i>cd</i>), between which (at <i>ab</i>) the faces of the crystals are placed. These arms turn about a fixed point, which is the center of the graduated circle or semicircle upon which the angle is read off.</cd> — <col><b>Reflecting goniometer</b></col>, <cd>an instrument for measuring the angles of crystals by determining through what angular space the crystal must be turned so that two rays reflected from two surfaces successively shall have the same direction; — called also <i>Wollaston's goniometer</i>, from the inventor.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Go`ni*o*met"ric</hw> (?), <hw>Go`ni*o*met"ric*al</hw> (&?;), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pertaining to, or determined by means of, a goniometer; trigonometric.</def></p>

<p><hw>Go`ni*om"e*try</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>goniom&eacute;trie</i>.] <i>(Math.)</i> <def>The art of measuring angles; trigonometry.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gon`o*blas"tid</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Gonoblastidium</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A reproductive bud of a hydroid; a simple gonophore.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Gon`o*blas*tid"i*um</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Gonoblastidia</b></plw> (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; offspring + &?; to bud.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A blastostyle.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gon`o*ca"lyx</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; offspring + E. <i>calyx</i>,] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The bell of a sessile gonozooid.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gon`o*cho"rism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; offspring + &?; to separate.] <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>Separation of the sexes in different individuals; — opposed to <i>hermaphroditism</i>.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>In ontogony, differentiation of male and female individuals from embryos having the same rudimentary sexual organs.</def> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <def>In phylogeny, the evolution of distinct sexes in species previously hermaphrodite or sexless.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Gon`o*coc"cus</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?; semen, the genitals + NL. & E. <i>coccus</i>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>A vegetable micro&ouml;rganism of the genus <i>Micrococcus</i>, occurring in the secretion in gonorrhea. It is believed by some to constitute the cause of this disease.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gon"oph</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Perh. fr. Heb. <i>gann&amacr;bh</i> thief.] <def>A pickpocket or thief.</def> [Eng. Slang] <i>Dickens.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gon"o*phore</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; offspring, seed + &?; to bear.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A sexual zooid produced as a medusoid bud upon a hydroid, sometimes becoming a free hydromedusa, sometimes remaining attached. See <u>Hydroidea</u>, and <i>Illusts</i>. of <u>Athecata</u>, <u>Campanularian</u>, and <u>Gonosome</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A lengthened receptacle, bearing the stamens and carpels in a conspicuous manner.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Gon`or*rhe"a</hw>, <hw>Gon`or*rh&oelig;"a</hw> } (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>gonorrhoea</i>, Gr. &?;; &?; that which begets, semen, the genitals + &?; to flow: cf. F. <i>gonorrh&eacute;e</i>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>A contagious inflammatory disease of the genitourinary tract, affecting especially the urethra and vagina, and characterized by a mucopurulent discharge, pain in urination, and chordee; clap.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Gon`or*rhe"al</hw>, <hw>Gon`or*rh&oelig;"al</hw> } (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to gonorrhea; as, <i>gonorrheal</i> rheumatism.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gon"o*some</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; offspring + <i>-some</i> body.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The reproductive zooids of a hydroid colony, collectively.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Gon`o*the"ca</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Gonothec&?;</b></plw> (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; offspring + &?; box.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A capsule developed on certain hydroids (<i>Thecaphora</i>), inclosing the blastostyle upon which the medusoid buds or gonophores are developed; — called also <i>gonangium</i>, and <i>teleophore</i>. See <u>Hydroidea</u>, and <i>Illust.</i> of <u>Campanularian</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gon`o*zo"oid</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; offspring + E. <i>zooid</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A sexual zooid, or medusoid bud of a hydroid; a gonophore. See <u>Hydroidea</u>, and <i>Illust.</i> of <u>Campanularian</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Go*nyd"i*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Pertaining to the gonys of a bird's beak.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Go"nys</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. <u>Genys</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The keel or lower outline of a bird's bill, so far as the mandibular rami are united.</def></p>

<p><hw>Goo"ber</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A peanut.</def> [Southern U. S.]</p>

<p><hw>Good</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<pos><i>Compar.</i></pos> <u>Better</u> (?); <pos><i>superl.</i></pos> <u>Best</u> (?). These words, though used as the comparative and superlative of <i>good</i>, are from a different root.] [AS. <i>G&omacr;d</i>, akin to D. <i>goed</i>, OS. <i>g&omacr;d</i>, OHG. <i>guot</i>, G. <i>gut</i>, Icel. <i>g&omacr;&eth;r</i>, Sw. & Dan. <i>god</i>, Goth. <i>g&omacr;ds</i>; prob. orig., fitting, belonging together, and akin to E. <i>gather</i>. &radic;29 Cf. <u>Gather</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Possessing desirable qualities; adapted to answer the end designed; promoting success, welfare, or happiness; serviceable; useful; fit; excellent; admirable; commendable; not bad, corrupt, evil, noxious, offensive, or troublesome, etc.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>And God saw everything that he had made, and behold, it was very <i>good</i>.</blockquote> <i>Gen. i. 31.</i></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Good</i> company, <i>good</i> wine, <i>good</i> welcome.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Possessing moral excellence or virtue; virtuous; pious; religious; — said of persons or actions.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>In all things showing thyself a pattern of <i>good</i> works.</blockquote> <i>Tit. ii. 7.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Kind; benevolent; humane; merciful; gracious; polite; propitious; friendly; well-disposed; — often followed by <i>to</i> or <i>toward</i>, also formerly by <i>unto</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The men were very <i>good</i> unto us.</blockquote> <i>1 Sam. xxv. 15.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Serviceable; suited; adapted; suitable; of use; to be relied upon; — followed especially by <i>for</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>All quality that is <i>good</i> for anything is founded originally in merit.</blockquote> <i>Collier.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>Clever; skillful; dexterous; ready; handy; — followed especially by <i>at</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He . . . is a <i>good</i> workman; a very <i>good</i> tailor.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Those are generally <i>good</i> at flattering who are <i>good</i> for nothing else.</blockquote> <i>South.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>Adequate; sufficient; competent; sound; not fallacious; valid; in a commercial sense, to be depended on for the discharge of obligations incurred; having pecuniary ability; of unimpaired credit.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>My reasons are both <i>good</i> and weighty.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>My meaning in saying he is a <i>good</i> man is . . . that he is sufficient . . . I think I may take his bond.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <def>Real; actual; serious; as in the phrases <i>in good earnest</i>; <i>in good sooth</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Love no man in <i>good</i> earnest.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>8.</b></sn> <def>Not small, insignificant, or of no account; considerable; esp., in the phrases <i>a good deal</i>, <i>a good way</i>, <i>a good degree</i>, <i>a good share</i> or <i>part</i>, etc.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>9.</b></sn> <def>Not lacking or deficient; full; complete.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Good</i> measure, pressed down, and shaken together, and running over.</blockquote> <i>Luke vi. 38.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>10.</b></sn> <def>Not blemished or impeached; fair; honorable; unsullied; as in the phrases <i>a good name</i>, <i>a good report</i>, <i>good repute</i>, etc.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A <i>good</i> name is better than precious ointment</blockquote>. <i>Eccl. vii. 1.</i></p>

<p><col><b>As good as</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>As</u>.</cd> — <col><b>For good</b></col>, or <col><b>For good and all</b></col>, <cd>completely and finally; fully; truly.</cd></p>

<p><blockquote>The good woman never died after this, till she came to die <i>for good and all</i>.</blockquote> <i>L'Estrange.</i></p>

<p>— <col><b>Good breeding</b></col>, <cd>polite or polished manners, formed by education; a polite education.</cd></p>

<p><blockquote>Distinguished by good humor and <i>good breeding</i>.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p>— <col><b>Good cheap</b></col>, <cd>literally, good bargain; reasonably cheap.</cd></p>

<p>— <col><b>Good consideration</b></col> <i>(Law)</i>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>A consideration of blood or of natural love and affection.</cd> <i>Blackstone.</i> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>A valuable consideration, or one which will sustain a contract.</cd> — <col><b>Good fellow</b></col>, <cd>a person of companionable qualities.</cd> [Familiar] — <col><b>Good folk</b></col>, <col><b>or Good people</b></col>, <cd>fairies; brownies; pixies, etc.</cd> [Colloq. Eng. & Scot.] — <col><b>Good for nothing</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>Of no value; useless; worthless.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>Used substantively, an idle, worthless person.</cd></p>

<p><blockquote>My father always said I was born to be a <i>good for nothing</i>.</blockquote> <i>Ld. Lytton.</i></p>

<p>— <col><b>Good Friday</b></col>, <cd>the Friday of Holy Week, kept in some churches as a fast, in memoory of our Savior's passion or suffering; the anniversary of the crucifixion.</cd> — <col><b>Good humor</b></col>, or <col><b>Good-humor</b></col>, <cd>a cheerful or pleasant temper or state of mind.</cd> — <col><b>Good nature</b></col>, or <col><b>Good-nature</b></col>, <cd>habitual kindness or mildness of temper or disposition; amiability; state of being in good humor.</cd></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>good nature</i> and generosity which belonged to his character.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The young count's <i>good nature</i> and easy persuadability were among his best characteristics.</blockquote> <i>Hawthorne.</i></p>

<p>— <col><b>Good people</b></col>. <cd>See <i>Good folk</i> (above).</cd> — <col><b>Good speed</b></col>, <cd>good luck; good success; godspeed; — an old form of wishing success. See <u>Speed</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Good turn</b></col>, <cd>an act of kidness; a favor.</cd> — <col><b>Good will</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>Benevolence; well wishing; kindly feeling.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <i>(Law)</i> <cd>The custom of any trade or business; the tendency or inclination of persons, old customers and others, to resort to an established place of business; the advantage accruing from tendency or inclination.</cd></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>good will</i> of a trade is nothing more than the probability that the old customers will resort to the old place.</blockquote> <i>Lord Eldon.</i></p>

<p>— <col><b>In good time</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>Promptly; punctually; opportunely; not too soon nor too late.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <i>(Mus.)</i> <cd>Correctly; in proper time.</cd> — <col><b>To hold good</b></col>, <cd>to remain true or valid; to be operative; to remain in force or effect; as, his promise <i>holds good</i>; the condition still <i>holds good</i>.</cd> — <col><b>To make good</b></col>, <cd>to fulfill; to establish; to maintain; to supply (a defect or deficiency); to indemmify; to prove or verify (an accusation); to prove to be blameless; to clear; to vindicate.</cd></p>

<p><blockquote>Each word <i>made good</i> and true.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Of no power <i>to make</i> his wishes <i>good</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>I . . . would by combat <i>make</i> her <i>good</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Convenient numbers <i>to make good</i> the city.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p>— <col><b>To think good</b></col>, <cd>to approve; to be pleased or satisfied with; to consider expedient or proper.</cd></p>

<p><blockquote>If ye <i>think good</i>, give me my price; and if not, forbear.</blockquote> <i>Zech. xi. 12.</i></p>

<p>&fist; <i>Good</i>, in the sense of <i>wishing well</i>, is much used in greeting and leave-taking; as, <i>good</i> day, <i>good</i> night, <i>good</i> evening, <i>good</i> morning, etc.</p>

<p><hw>Good</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>That which possesses desirable qualities, promotes success, welfare, or happiness, is serviceable, fit, excellent, kind, benevolent, etc.; — opposed to <i>evil</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>There be many that say, Who will show us any <i>good</i> ?</blockquote> <i>Ps. iv. 6.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Advancement of interest or happiness; welfare; prosperity; advantage; benefit; — opposed to <i>harm</i>, etc.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>good</i> of the whole community can be promoted only by advancing the <i>good</i> of each of the members composing it.</blockquote> <i>Jay.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>pl.</i> <def>Wares; commodities; chattels; - - formerly used in the singular in a collective sense. In law, a comprehensive name for almost all personal property as distinguished from land or real property.</def> <i>Wharton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>He hath made us spend much <i>good</i>.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Thy lands and <i>goods</i><BR> Are, by the laws of Venice, confiscate<BR> Unto the state of Venice.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Dress goods</b></col>, <col><b>Dry goods</b></col>, etc. <cd>See in the Vocabulary.</cd> — <col><b>Goods engine</b></col>, <cd>a freight locomotive.</cd> [Eng.] — <col><b>Goods train</b></col>, <cd>a freight train.</cd> [Eng.] — <col><b>Goods wagon</b></col>, <cd>a freight car [Eng.] See the Note under <u>Car</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, 2.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Good</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>Well, — especially in the phrase <i>as good</i>, with a following <i>as</i> expressed or implied; equally well with as much advantage or as little harm as possible.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>As <i>good</i> almost kill a man as kill a good book.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><col><b>As good as</b></col>, <cd>in effect; virtually; the same as.</cd></p>

<p><blockquote>They who counsel ye to such a suppressing, do <i>as good as</i> bid ye suppress yourselves.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Good</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To make good; to turn to good.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To manure; to improve.</def> [Obs.] <i>Bp. Hall.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Good`-by"</hw>, <hw>Good`-bye"</hw> } (?), <pos><i>n. or interj.</i></pos> [A contraction of <i>God be with ye</i> (<i>God be w&ibreve; ye</i>, <i>God bw' ye</i>, <i>God bwye</i>).] <def>Farewell; a form of address used at parting. See the last Note under <u>By</u>, <pos><i>prep.</i></pos></def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Good`-den"</hw> (?), <pos><i>interj.</i></pos> [Corrupt. of <i>good e'en</i>, for <i>good evening</i>.] <def>A form of salutation.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Good`-fel"low*ship</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Agreeable companionship; companionableness.</def></p>

<p><hw>Good"geon</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Gudgeon</u>, 5.</def></p>

<p><hw>Good`-hu"mored</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having a cheerful spirit and demeanor; good-tempered. See <u>Good- natured</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Good`-hu"mored*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>With a cheerful spirit; in a cheerful or good-tempered manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Good"ish</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Rather good than the contrary; not actually bad; tolerable.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Goodish</i> pictures in rich frames.</blockquote> <i>Walpole.</i></p>

<p><hw>Good"less</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having no goods.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Good"lich</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Goodly.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Good"li*ness</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From <u>Goodly</u>.] <def>Beauty of form; grace; elegance; comeliness.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Her <i>goodliness</i> was full of harmony to his eyes.</blockquote> <i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></p>

<p><hw>Good"-look`ing</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Handsome.</def></p>

<p><hw>Good"ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>Excellently.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Good"ly</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<pos><i>Compar.</i></pos> <u>Goodlier</u> (?); <pos><i>superl.</i></pos> <u>Goodliest</u>.] [OE. <i>godlich</i>, AS. <i>g&omacr;dlic</i>. See <u>Good</u>, and <u>Like</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Pleasant; agreeable; desirable.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>We have many <i>goodly</i> days to see.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Of pleasing appearance or character; comely; graceful; as, a <i>goodly</i> person; <i>goodly</i> raiment, houses.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>goodliest</i> man of men since born.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Large; considerable; portly; as, a <i>goodly</i> number.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Goodly</i> and great he sails behind his link.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Good"ly*head</hw> (?), <hw>Good"ly*hood</hw> (?) } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Goodness; grace; goodliness.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Good"man</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Good</i> + <i>man</i>]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A familiar appellation of civility, equivalent to "My friend", "Good sir", "Mister;" — sometimes used ironically.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>With you, <i>goodman</i> boy, an you please.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A husband; the master of a house or family; — often used in speaking familiarly.</def> [Archaic] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Say ye to the <i>goodman</i> of the house, . . . Where is the guest-chamber ?</blockquote> <i>Mark xiv. 14.</i></p>

<p><! p. 639 !></p>

<p>&fist; In the early colonial records of New England, the term <i>goodman</i> is frequently used as a title of designation, sometimes in a respectful manner, to denote a person whose first name was not known, or when it was not desired to use that name; in this use it was nearly equivalent to <i>Mr</i>. This use was doubtless brought with the first settlers from England.</p>

<p><hw>Good`-na"tured</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Naturally mild in temper; not easily provoked.</def></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — <u>Good-natured</u>, <u>Good-tempered</u>, <u>Good- humored</u>. <i>Good-natured</i> denotes a disposition to please and be pleased. <i>Good-tempered</i> denotes a habit of mind which is not easily ruffled by provocations or other disturbing influences. <i>Good-humored</i> is applied to a spirit full of ease and cheerfulness, as displayed in one's outward deportment and in social intercourse. A <i>good-natured</i> man recommends himself to all by the spirit which governs him. A <i>good-humored</i> man recommends himself particularly as a companion. A <i>good-tempered</i> man is rarely betrayed into anything which can disturb the serenity of the social circle.</p>

<p><hw>Good`-na"tured*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>With mildness of temper.</def></p>

<p><hw>Good"ness</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>g&omacr;dnes</i>.] <def>The quality of being good in any of its various senses; excellence; virtue; kindness; benevolence; as, the <i>goodness</i> of timber, of a soil, of food; <i>goodness</i> of character, of disposition, of conduct, etc.</def></p>

<p><hw>Good" now"</hw> (?). <def>An exclamation of wonder, surprise, or entreaty.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Goods</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Good</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, 3.</def></p>

<p><hw>Good"ship</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Favor; grace.</def> [Obs.] <i>Gower.</i></p>

<p><hw>Good`-tem"pered</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having a good temper; not easily vexed. See <u>Good-natured</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Good"wife`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The mistress of a house.</def> [Archaic] <i>Robynson (More's Utopia).</i></p>

<p><hw>Good"y</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Goodies</b></plw> (&?;). <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A bonbon, cake, or the like; — usually in the <i>pl.</i></def> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>An American fish; the lafayette or spot.</def></p>

<p><hw>Good"y</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Goodies</b></plw> (#). [Prob. contr. from <i>goodwife</i>.] <def>Goodwife; — a low term of civility or sport.</def></p>

<p><hw>Good"-year</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Goujere</u>.] <def>The venereal disease; — often used as a mild oath.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Good"y-good`y</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Mawkishly or weakly good; exhibiting goodness with silliness.</def> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><hw>Good"y*ship</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The state or quality of a goody or goodwife</def> [Jocose] <i>Hudibraus.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Goo*roo"</hw>, <hw>Gu*ru"</hw> (&?;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Hind. <i>gur&?;</i> a spiritual parent or teacher, Skr. <i>guru</i> heavy, noble, venerable, teacher. Cf. <u>Grief</u>.] <def>A spiritual teacher, guide, or confessor amoung the Hindoos.</def> <i>Malcom.</i></p>

<p><hw>Goos"an`der</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>gossander</i>, a tautological word formed fr. <i>goose + gander</i>. Cf. <u>Merganser</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A species of merganser (<i>M. merganser</i>) of Northern Europe and America; — called also <i>merganser</i>, <i>dundiver</i>, <i>sawbill</i>, <i>sawneb</i>, <i>shelduck</i>, and <i>sheldrake</i>. See <u>Merganser</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Goose</hw> (g&oomac;s), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Geese</b></plw> (g&emacr;s). [OE. <i>gos</i>, AS. <i>g&omacr;s</i>, pl. <i>g&emacr;s</i>; akin to D. & G. <i>gans</i>, Icel. <i>g&amacr;s</i>, Dan. <i>gaas</i>, Sw. <i>g&aring;s</i>, Russ. <i>guse</i>. OIr. <i>geiss</i>, L. <i>anser</i>, for <i>hanser</i>, Gr. <grk>chh`n</grk>, Skr. <i>ha&msdot;sa</i>. &radic;233. Cf. <u>Gander</u>, <u>Gannet</u>, <u>Ganza</u>, <u>Gosling</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i></p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Any large web-footen bird of the subfamily <i>Anserin&aelig;</i>, and belonging to <i>Anser</i>, <i>Branta</i>, <i>Chen</i>, and several allied genera. See <u>Anseres</u>.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The common domestic goose is believed to have been derived from the European graylag goose (<i>Anser anser</i>). The bean goose (<i>A. segetum</i>), the American wild or Canada goose (<i>Branta Canadensis</i>), and the bernicle goose (<i>Branta leucopsis</i>) are well known species. The American white or snow geese and the blue goose belong to the genus <i>Chen</i>. See <u>Bernicle</u>, <i>Emperor goose</i>, under <u>Emperor</u>, <u>Snow goose</u>, <u>Wild goose</u>, <u>Brant</u>.</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Any large bird of other related families, resembling the common goose.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The Egyptian or fox goose (<i>Alopochen &AElig;gyptiaca</i>) and the African spur-winged geese (<i>Plectropterus</i>) belong to the family <i>Plectropterid&aelig;</i>. The Australian semipalmated goose (<i>Anseranas semipalmata</i>) and Cape Barren goose (<i>Cereopsis Nov&aelig;-Hollandi&aelig;</i>) are very different from northern geese, and each is made the type of a distinct family. Both are domesticated in Australia.</p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A tailor's smoothing iron, so called from its handle, which resembles the neck of a goose.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>A silly creature; a simpleton.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>A game played with counters on a board divided into compartments, in some of which a goose was depicted.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The pictures placed for ornament and use,<BR> The twelve good rules, the royal game of <i>goose</i>.</blockquote> <i>Goldsmith.</i></p>

<p><col><b>A wild goose chase</b></col>, <cd>an attempt to accomplish something impossible or unlikely of attainment.</cd> — <col><b>Fen goose</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Fen</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Goose barnacle</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>any pedunculated barnacle of the genus <i>Anatifa</i> or <i>Lepas</i>; — called also <i>duck barnacle</i>. See <u>Barnacle</u>, and <u>Cirripedia</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Goose cap</b></col>, <cd>a silly person.</cd> [Obs.] <i>Beau. & .</i> — <col><b>Goose corn</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>a coarse kind of rush (<i>Juncus squarrosus</i>).</cd> — <col><b>Goose feast</b></col>, <cd>Michaelmas.</cd> [Colloq. Eng.] — <col><b>Goose flesh</b></col>, <cd>a peculiar roughness of the skin produced by cold or fear; — called also <i>goose skin</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Goose grass</b></col>. <i>(Bot.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>A plant of the genus <i>Galium</i> (<i>G. Aparine</i>), a favorite food of geese; — called also <i>catchweed</i> and <i>cleavers</i>.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>A species of knotgrass (<i>Polygonum aviculare</i>).</cd> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <cd>The annual spear grass (<i>Poa annua</i>).</cd> — <col><b>Goose neck</b></col>, <cd>anything, as a rod of iron or a pipe, curved like the neck of a goose; specially <i>(Naut.)</i>, an iron hook connecting a spar with a mast.</cd> — <col><b>Goose quill</b></col>, <cd>a large feather or quill of a goose; also, a pen made from it.</cd> — <col><b>Goose skin</b></col>. <cd>See <i>Goose flesh</i>, above.</cd> — <col><b>Goose tongue</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>a composite plant (<i>Achillea ptarmica</i>), growing wild in the British islands.</cd> — <col><b>Sea goose</b></col>. <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <cd>See <u>Phalarope</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Solan goose</b></col>. <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <cd>See <u>Gannet</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Goose"ber*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Gooseberries</b></plw> (#), [Corrupted for <i>groseberry</i> or <i>groiseberry</i>, fr. OF. <i>groisele</i>, F. <i>groseille</i>, — of German origin; cf. G. <i>krausbeere</i>, <i>kr&auml;uselbeere</i> (fr. <i>kraus</i> crisp), D. <i>kruisbes</i>, <i>kruisbezie</i> (as if <i>crossberry</i>, fr. <i>kruis</i> cross; for <i>kroesbes</i>, <i>kroesbezie</i>, fr. <i>kroes</i> crisp), Sw. <i>krusb&auml;r</i> (fr. <i>krus</i>, <i>krusing</i>, crisp). The first part of the word is perh. akin to E. <i>curl</i>. Cf. <u>Grossular</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Any thorny shrub of the genus <i>Ribes</i>; also, the edible berries of such shrub. There are several species, of which <i>Ribes Grossularia</i> is the one commonly cultivated.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A silly person; a goose cap.</def> <i>Goldsmith.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Barbadoes gooseberry</b></col>, <cd>a climbing prickly shrub (<i>Pereskia aculeata</i>) of the West Indies, which bears edible berries resembling gooseberries.</cd> — <col><b>Coromandel gooseberry</b></col>. <cd>See <u>Carambola</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Gooseberry fool</b></col>. <cd>See lst <u>Fool</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Gooseberry worm</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the larva of a small moth (<i>Dakruma convolutella</i>). It destroys the gooseberry by eating the interior.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Goose"fish`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>See <u>Angler</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Goose"foot`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A genus of herbs (<i>Chenopodium</i>) mostly annual weeds; pigweed.</def></p>

<p><hw>Goos"er*y</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Gooseries</b></plw> (&?;). <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A place for keeping geese.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The characteristics or actions of a goose; silliness.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The finical <i>goosery</i> of your neat sermon actor.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Goose"wing`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>One of the clews or lower corners of a course or a topsail when the middle part or the rest of the sail is furled.</def></p>

<p><hw>Goose"winged`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Naut.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>Having a "goosewing."</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>Said of a fore-and-aft rigged vessel with foresail set on one side and mainsail on the other; wing and wing.</def></p>

<p><hw>Goos"ish</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Like a goose; foolish.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Goost</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Ghost; spirit.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Goot</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A goat.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Go"-out`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A sluice in embankments against the sea, for letting out the land waters, when the tide is out.</def> [Written also <i>gowt</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Go"pher</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>gaufre</i> waffle, honeycomb. See <u>Gauffer</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One of several North American burrowing rodents of the genera <i>Geomys</i> and <i>Thomomys</i>, of the family <i>Geomyid&aelig;</i>; — called also <i>pocket gopher</i> and <i>pouched rat</i>. See <u>Pocket gopher</u>, and <u>Tucan</u>.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The name was originally given by French settlers to many burrowing rodents, from their honeycombing the earth.</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>One of several western American species of the genus <i>Spermophilus</i>, of the family <i>Sciurid&aelig;</i>; as, the gray gopher (<i>Spermophilus Franklini</i>) and the striped gopher (<i>S. tridecemlineatus</i>); — called also <i>striped prairie squirrel</i>, <i>leopard marmot</i>, and <i>leopard spermophile</i>. See <u>Spermophile</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A large land tortoise (<i>Testudo Carilina</i>) of the Southern United States, which makes extensive burrows.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>A large burrowing snake (<i>Spilotes Couperi</i>) of the Southern United States.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Gopher drift</b></col> <i>(Mining)</i>, <cd>an irregular prospecting drift, following or seeking the ore without regard to regular grade or section.</cd> <i>Raymond.</i></p>

<p><hw>Go"pher wood`</hw> (?). [Heb. <i>g&omacr;pher</i>.] <def>A species of wood used in the construction of Noah's ark.</def> <i>Gen. vi. 14.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Go*rac"co</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A paste prepared from tobacco, and smoked in hookahs in Western India.</def></p>

<p><hw>Go"ral</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>An Indian goat antelope (<i>Nemorhedus goral</i>), resembling the chamois.</def></p>

<p><hw>Go"ra*my</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Gourami</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gor"-bel`lied</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Bog- bellied.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Gor"-bel`ly</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Gore</i> filth, dirt + <i>belly</i>.] <def>A prominent belly; a big-bellied person.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Gorce</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>gort</i>, nom. <i>gorz</i>, gulf, L. <i>gurges</i> whirlpool, gulf, stream. See <u>Gorge</u>.] <def>A pool of water to keep fish in; a wear.</def> [Obs.] </p>

<p><hw>Gor"cock`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Prob. from <i>gore</i> blood.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The moor cock, or red grouse. See <u>Grouse</u>.</def> [Prov. Eng.]</p>

<p><hw>Gor"crow`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>gor</i> dung, dirt. See <u>Gore</u> blood, dirt.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The carrion crow; — called also <i>gercrow</i>.</def> [Prov. Eng.]</p>

<p><hw>Gord</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Written also <i>gourd</i>.] [Perh. hollow, and so named in allusion to a <i>gourd</i>.] <def>An instrument of gaming; a sort of dice.</def> [Obs.] <i>Beau. & Fl.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Gor`di*a"ce*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Gordian</u>, 1.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A division of nematoid worms, including the hairworms or hair eels (<i>Gordius</i> and <i>Mermis</i>). See <u>Gordius</u>, and <i>Illustration</i> in Appendix.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gor"di*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Pertaining to <i>Gordius</i>, king of Phrygia, or to a knot tied by him; hence, intricate; complicated; inextricable.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Gordian knot</b></col>, <cd>an intricate knot tied by Gordius in the thong which connected the pole of the chariot with the yoke. An oracle having declared that he who should untie it should be master of Asia, Alexander the Great averted the ill omen of his inability to loosen it by cutting it with his sword. Hence, a <i>Gordian knot</i> is an inextricable difficulty; and to <i>cut the Gordian knot</i> is to remove a difficulty by bold and energetic measures.</cd></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Pertaining to the Gordiacea.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gor"di*an</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of the Gordiacea.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Gor"di*us</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Gordian</u>, 1.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A genus of long, slender, nematoid worms, parasitic in insects until near maturity, when they leave the insect, and live in water, in which they deposit their eggs; — called also <i>hair eel</i>, <i>hairworm</i>, and <i>hair snake</i>, from the absurd, but common and widely diffused, notion that they are metamorphosed horsehairs.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gore</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>gor</i> dirt, dung; akin to Icel. <i>gor</i>, SW. <i>gorr</i>, OHG. <i>gor</i>, and perh. to E. <i>cord</i>, <i>chord</i>, and <i>yarn</i>; cf. Icel. <i>g&ouml;rn</i>, <i>garnir</i>, guts.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Dirt; mud.</def> [Obs.] <i>Bp. Fisher.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Blood; especially, blood that after effusion has become thick or clotted.</def> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gore</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>gore</i>, <i>gare</i>, AS. <i>g&?;ra</i> angular point of land, fr. <i>g&?;r</i> spear; akin to D. <i>geer</i> gore, G. <i>gehre</i> gore, <i>ger</i> spear, Icel. <i>geiri</i> gore, <i>geir</i> spear, and prob. to E. <i>goad</i>. Cf. <u>Gar</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, <u>Garlic</u>, and <u>Gore</u>, <pos><i>v.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A wedgeshaped or triangular piece of cloth, canvas, etc., sewed into a garment, sail, etc., to give greater width at a particular part.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A small traingular piece of land.</def> <i>Cowell.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Her.)</i> <def>One of the abatements. It is made of two curved lines, meeting in an acute angle in the fesse point.</def></p>

<p>&fist; It is usually on the sinister side, and of the tincture called <i>tenn&eacute;</i>. Like the other abatements it is a modern fancy and not actually used.</p>

<p><hw>Gore</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Gored</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Goring</u>.] [OE. <i>gar</i> spear, AS. <i>g&?;r</i>. See 2d <u>Gore</u>.] <def>To pierce or wound, as with a horn; to penetrate with a pointed instrument, as a spear; to stab.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The low stumps shall <i>gore</i><BR> His daintly feet.</blockquote> <i>Coleridge.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gore</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To cut in a traingular form; to piece with a gore; to provide with a gore; as, to <i>gore</i> an apron.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gore"bill`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [2d <i>gore + bill</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The garfish.</def> [Prov. Eng.]</p>

<p><hw>Gor"fly`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Gorflies</b></plw> (#). [<i>Gore</i> (AS. <i>gor</i>) dung + <i>fly</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A dung fly.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gorge</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>gorge</i>, LL. <i>gorgia</i>, throat, narrow pass, and <i>gorga</i> abyss, whirlpool, prob. fr. L. <i>gurgea</i> whirlpool, gulf, abyss; cf. Skr. <i>gargara</i> whirlpool, <i>gr.</i> to devour. Cf. <u>Gorget</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The throat; the gullet; the canal by which food passes to the stomach.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Wherewith he gripped her <i>gorge</i> with so great pain.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Now, how abhorred! . . . my <i>gorge</i> rises at it.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A narrow passage or entrance</def>; as: <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A defile between mountains.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The entrance into a bastion or other outwork of a fort; — usually synonymous with <i>rear</i>. See <i>Illust.</i> of <u>Bastion</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>That which is gorged or swallowed, especially by a hawk or other fowl.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>And all the way, most like a brutish beast,<BR> e spewed up his <i>gorge</i>, that all did him detest.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>A filling or choking of a passage or channel by an obstruction; as, an ice <i>gorge</i> in a river.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>A concave molding; a cavetto.</def> <i>Gwilt.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>The groove of a pulley.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Gorge circle</b></col> <i>(Gearing)</i>, <cd>the outline of the smallest cross section of a hyperboloid of revolution.</cd> — <col><b>Gorge hook</b></col>, <cd>two fishhooks, separated by a piece of lead.</cd> <i>Knight.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gorge</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Gorged</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Gorging</u> (?).] [F. <i>gorger</i>. See <u>Gorge</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To swallow; especially, to swallow with greediness, or in large mouthfuls or quantities.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The fish has <i>gorged</i> the hook.</blockquote> <i>Johnson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To glut; to fill up to the throat; to satiate.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The giant <i>gorged</i> with flesh.</blockquote> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Gorge</i> with my blood thy barbarous appetite.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gorge</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To eat greedily and to satiety.</def> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gorged</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Having a gorge or throat.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Her.)</i> <def>Bearing a coronet or ring about the neck.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Glutted; fed to the full.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gor"ge*let</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A small gorget, as of a humming bird.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gor"geous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [OF. <i>gorgias</i> beautiful, glorious, vain, luxurious; cf. OF. <i>gorgias</i> ruff, neck handkerchief, and F. <i>gorge</i> throat, and <i>se pengorger</i> to assume airs. Cf. <u>Gorge</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <def>Imposing through splendid or various colors; showy; fine; magnificent.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Cloud-land, <i>gorgeous</i> land.</blockquote> <i>Coleridge.</i></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Gorgeous</i> as the sun at midsummer.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p>— <wf>Gor"geous*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Gor"geous*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>||Gor`ge*rin"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., fr. <i>gorge</i> neck.] <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>In some columns, that part of the capital between the termination of the shaft and the annulet of the echinus, or the space between two neck moldings; — called also <i>neck of the capital</i>, and <i>hypotrachelium</i>. See <i>Illust.</i> of <u>Column</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gor"get</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>gorgete</i>, dim. of <i>gorge</i> throat. See <u>Gorge</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A piece of armor, whether of chain mail or of plate, defending the throat and upper part of the breast, and forming a part of the double breastplate of the 14th century.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A piece of plate armor covering the same parts and worn over the buff coat in the 17th century, and without other steel armor.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Unfix the <i>gorget's</i> iron clasp.</blockquote> <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A small ornamental plate, usually crescent-shaped, and of gilded copper, formerly hung around the neck of officers in full uniform in some modern armies.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>A ruff worn by women.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <i>(Surg.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A cutting instrument used in lithotomy.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A grooved instrunent used in performing various operations; — called also <i>blunt gorget</i>.</def> <i>Dunglison.</i></p>

<p><! p. 640 !></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A crescent-shaped, colored patch on the neck of a bird or mammal.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Gorget hummer</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a humming bird of the genus <i>Trochilus</i>. See <u>Rubythroat</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Gor"gon</hw> (g&ocirc;r"g&obreve;n), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>Gorgo</i>, <i>-onis</i>, Gr. <grk>Gorgw`</grk>, fr. <grk>gorgo`s</grk> terrible.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Gr. Myth.)</i> <def>One of three fabled sisters, Stheno, Euryale, and Medusa, with snaky hair and of terrific aspect, the sight of whom turned the beholder to stone. The name is particularly given to Medusa.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Anything very ugly or horrid.</def> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The brindled gnu. See <u>Gnu</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gor"gon</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Like a Gorgon; very ugly or terrific; as, a <i>Gorgon</i> face.</def> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Gor`go*na"ce*a</hw> (g&ocirc;r`g&osl;*n&amacr;"sh&esl;*&adot;), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>See <u>Gorgoniacea</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gor*go"ne*an</hw> (g&ocirc;r*g&omacr;"n&esl;*<i>a</i>n), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Gorgonian</u>, 1.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Gor`go*ne"ion</hw> (g&ocirc;r`g&osl;*n&emacr;"y&obreve;n), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Gorgoneia</b></plw> (#). [NL., fr. Gr. <grk>Gorgo`neios</grk>, equiv. to <grk>Gorgei^os</grk> belonging to a Gorgon.] <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>A mask carved in imitation of a Gorgon's head.</def> <i>Elmes.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Gor*go"ni*a</hw> (g&ocirc;r*g&omacr;"n&ibreve;*&adot;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., a coral which hardens in the air.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A genus of Gorgoniacea, formerly very extensive, but now restricted to such species as the West Indian sea fan (<i>Gorgonia flabellum</i>), sea plume (<i>G. setosa</i>), and other allied species having a flexible, horny axis.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Any slender branched gorgonian.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Gor*go`ni*a"ce*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Gorgonia</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of the principal divisions of Alcyonaria, including those forms which have a firm and usually branched axis, covered with a porous crust, or c&oelig;nenchyma, in which the polyp cells are situated.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The axis is commonly horny, but it may be solid and stony (composed of calcium carbonate), as in the red coral of commerce, or it may be in alternating horny and stony joints, as in Isis. See <u>Alcyonaria</u>, <u>Anthozoa</u>, <u>C&oelig;nenchyma</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Gor*go"ni*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>Gorgoneus</i>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Pertaining to, or resembling, a Gorgon; terrifying into stone; terrific.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The rest his look<BR> Bound with <i>Gorgonian</i> rigor not to move.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Pertaining to the Gorgoniacea; as, <i>gorgonian</i> coral.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gor*go"ni*an</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of the Gorgoniacea.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gor"gon*ize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To have the effect of a Gorgon upon; to turn into stone; to petrify.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Gor"hen`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Gor-</i> as in <i>gorcock</i> + <i>hen</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The female of the gorcock.</def></p>

<p><hw>Go*ril"la</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [An African word; found in a Greek translation of a treatise in Punic by Hanno, a Carthaginian.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A large, arboreal, anthropoid ape of West Africa. It is larger than a man, and is remarkable for its massive skeleton and powerful muscles, which give it enormous strength. In some respects its anatomy, more than that of any other ape, except the chimpanzee, resembles that of man.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gor"ing</hw> (?), or <hw>Gor"ing cloth`</hw> (&?;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>A piece of canvas cut obliquely to widen a sail at the foot.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gorm</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Axle grease. See <u>Gome</u>.</def> [Prov. Eng.]</p>

<p><hw>Gorm</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To daub, as the hands or clothing, with gorm; to daub with anything sticky.</def> [Prov. Eng.]</p>

<p><hw>Gor"ma</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The European cormorant.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gor"mand</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>gourmand</i>; cf. Prov. F. <i>gourmer</i> to sip, to lap, <i>gourmacher</i> to eat improperly, F. <i>gourme</i> mumps, glanders, Icel. <i>gormr</i> mud, mire, Prov. E. <i>gorm</i> to smear, daub; all perh. akin to E. <i>gore</i> blood, filth. Cf. <u>Gourmand</u>.] <def>A greedy or ravenous eater; a <u>luxurious feeder</u>; <u>a gourmand</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gor"mand</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Gluttonous; voracious.</def> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gor"mand*er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Gormand</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Gor"mand*ism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Gluttony.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gor"mand*ize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i. & t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Gormandized</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Gormandizing</u> (?).] [F. <i>gourmandise</i> gluttony. See <u>Gormand</u>.] <def>To eat greedily; to swallow voraciously; to feed ravenously or like a glutton.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gor"mand*i`zer</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A greedy, voracious eater; a gormand; a glutton.</def></p>

<p><hw>Go*roon" shell`</hw> (?). <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A large, handsome, marine, univalve shell (<i>Triton femorale</i>).</def></p>

<p><hw>Gorse</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. & AS. <i>gorst</i>; perh. akin to E. <i>grow</i>, <i>grass</i>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Furze. See <u>Furze</u>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The common, overgrown with fern, and rough<BR> With prickly <i>gorse</i>.</blockquote> <i>Cowper.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Gorse bird</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the European linnet; — called also <i>gorse hatcher</i>.</cd> [Prov. Eng.] — <col><b>Gorse chat</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the winchat.</cd> — <col><b>Gorse duck</b></col>, <cd>the corncrake; — called also <i>grass drake</i>, <i>land drake</i>, and <i>corn drake</i>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Gor"y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [From <u>Gore</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Covered with gore or clotted blood.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Thou canst not say I did it; never shake<BR> Thy <i>gory</i> locks at me.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Bloody; murderous.</def> "<i>Gory</i> emulation." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gos"hawk`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>g&?;shafuc</i>, lit., goosehawk; or Icel. <i>g&amacr;shaukr</i>. See <u>Goose</u>, and <u>Hawk</u> the bird.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any large hawk of the genus <i>Astur</i>, of which many species and varieties are known. The European (<i>Astur palumbarius</i>) and the American (<i>A. atricapillus</i>) are the best known species. They are noted for their powerful flight, activity, and courage. The Australian goshawk (<i>A. Nov&aelig;-Hollandi&aelig;</i>) is pure white.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gos"herd</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>gosherde</i>. See <u>Goose</u>, and <u>Herd</u> a herdsman.] <def>One who takes care of geese.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gos"let</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of several species of pygmy geese, of the genus <i>Nettepus</i>. They are about the size of a teal, and inhabit Africa, India, and Australia.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gos"ling</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>g&?;s</i> goose + <i>-ling</i>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A young or unfledged goose.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A catkin on nut trees and pines.</def> <i>Bailey.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gos"pel</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>gospel</i>, <i>godspel</i>, AS. <i>godspell</i>; <i>god</i> God + <i>spell</i> story, tale. See <u>God</u>, and <u>Spell</u>, <pos><i>v.</i></pos>]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Glad tidings; especially, the good news concerning Christ, the Kingdom of God, and salvation.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>And Jesus went about all Galilee, teaching in their synagogues, and preaching the <i>gospel</i> of the kingdom.</blockquote> <i>Matt. iv. 23.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The steadfast belief of the promises of the <i>gospel</i>.</blockquote> <i>Bentley.</i></p>

<p>&fist; It is probable that <i>gospel</i> is from. OE. <i>godspel</i>, God story, the narrative concerning God; but it was early confused with <i>god spell</i>, good story, good tidings, and was so used by the translators of the Authorized version of Scripture. This use has been retained in most cases in the Revised Version.</p>

<p><blockquote>Thus the literal sense [of <i>gospel</i>] is the "narrative of God," <i>i. e.</i>, the life of Christ.</blockquote> <i>Skeat.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>One of the four narratives of the life and death of Jesus Christ, written by Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A selection from one of the gospels, for use in a religious service; as, the <i>gospel</i> for the day.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Any system of religious doctrine; sometimes, any system of political doctrine or social philosophy; as, this political <i>gospel</i>.</def> <i>Burke.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>Anything propounded or accepted as infallibly true; as, they took his words for <i>gospel</i>.</def> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><blockquote>If any one thinks this expression hyperbolical, I shall only ask him to read <i>&OElig;dipus</i>, instead of taking the traditional witticisms about Lee for <i>gospel</i>.</blockquote> <i>Saintsbury.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gos"pel</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Accordant with, or relating to, the gospel; evangelical; as, <i>gospel</i> righteousness.</def> <i>Bp. Warburton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gos"pel</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To instruct in the gospel.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gos"pel*er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>godspellere</i>.] [Written also <i>gospeller</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One of the four evangelists.</def> <i>Rom. of R.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Mark the <i>gospeler</i> was the ghostly son of Peter in baptism.</blockquote> <i>Wyclif.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A follower of Wyclif, the first English religious reformer; hence, a Puritan.</def> [Obs.] <i>Latimer.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The persecution was carried on against the <i>gospelers</i> with much fierceness by those of the Roman persuasion.</blockquote> <i>Strype.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A priest or deacon who reads the gospel at the altar during the communion service.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The Archbishop of York was the celebrant, the epistoler being the dean, and the <i>gospeler</i> the Bishop of Sydney.</blockquote> <i>Pall Mall Gazette.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gos"pel*ize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Gospelized</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Gospelizing</u> (?).] [Written also <i>gospellize</i>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To form according to the gospel; as, a command <i>gospelized</i> to us.</def> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To instruct in the gospel; to evangelize; as, to <i>gospelize</i> the savages.</def> <i>Boyle.</i></p>

<p><hw>Goss</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Gorse</u>.] <def>Gorse.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gos"sa*mer</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>gossomer</i>, <i>gossummer</i>, <i>gosesomer</i>, perh. for <i>goose summer</i>, from its downy appearance, or perh. for <i>God's summer</i>, cf. G. <i>mariengarr</i> gossamer, properly Mary's yarn, in allusion to the Virgin Mary. Perhaps the E. word alluded to a legend that the gossamer was the remnant of the Virgin Mary's winding sheet, which dropped from her when she was taken up to heaven. For the use of <i>summer</i> in the sense of film or threads, cf. G. <i>M&auml;dchensommer</i>, <i>Altweibersommer</i>, <i>fliegender Sommer</i>, all meaning, gossamer.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A fine, filmy substance, like cobwebs, floating in the air, in calm, clear weather, especially in autumn. It is seen in stubble fields and on furze or low bushes, and is formed by small spiders.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Any very thin gauzelike fabric; also, a thin waterproof stuff.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>An outer garment, made of waterproof gossamer.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Gossamer spider</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>any small or young spider which spins webs by which to sail in the air. See <u>Ballooning spider</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Gos"sa*mer*y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Like gossamer; flimsy.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The greatest master of <i>gossamery</i> affectation.</blockquote> <i>De Quincey.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gos"san</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Geol.)</i> <def>Decomposed rock, usually reddish or ferruginous (owing to oxidized pyrites), forming the upper part of a metallic vein.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gos`san*if"er*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Gossan</i> + <i>-ferous</i>.] <def>Containing or producing gossan.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gos"sat</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A small British marine fish (<i>Motella tricirrata</i>); — called also <i>whistler</i> and <i>three-bearded rockling</i>.</def> [Prov. Eng.]</p>

<p><hw>Gos"sib</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A gossip.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer. Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gos"sip</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>gossib</i>, <i>godsib</i>, a relation or sponsor in baptism, a relation by a religious obligation, AS. <i>godsibb</i>, fr. <i>god + sib</i> alliance, relation; akin to G. <i>sippe</i>, Goth. <i>sibja</i>, and also to Skr. <i>sabh&amacr;</i> assembly.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A sponsor; a godfather or a godmother.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Should a great lady that was invited to be a <i>gossip</i>, in her place send her kitchen maid, 't would be ill taken.</blockquote> <i>Selden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A friend or comrade; a companion; a familiar and customary acquaintance.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>My noble <i>gossips</i>, ye have been too prodigal.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>One who runs house to house, tattling and telling news; an idle tattler.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The common chat of <i>gossips</i> when they meet.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>The tattle of a gossip; groundless rumor.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Bubbles o'er like a city with <i>gossip</i>, scandal, and spite.</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gos"sip</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To stand sponsor to.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gos"sip</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Gossiped</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Gossiping</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To make merry.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To prate; to chat; to talk much.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To run about and tattle; to tell idle tales.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gos"sip*er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One given to gossip.</def> <i>Beaconsfield.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gos"sip*rede</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. <u>Kindred</u>.] <def>The relationship between a person and his sponsors.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Gos"sip*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Spiritual relationship or affinity; gossiprede; special intimacy.</def> <i>Bale.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Idle talk; gossip.</def> <i>Mrs. Browning.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gos"sip*y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Full of, or given to, gossip.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gos*soon"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Scot. <i>garson</i> an attendant, fr. F. <i>gar&ccedil;on</i>, OF. <i>gars</i>.] <def>A boy; a servant.</def> [Ireland]</p>

<p><hw>||Gos*syp"i*um</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. L. <i>gossypion</i>, <i>gossipion</i>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A genus of plants which yield the cotton of the arts. The species are much confused. <i>G. herbaceum</i> is the name given to the common cotton plant, while the long-stapled sea-island cotton is produced by <i>G. Barbadense</i>, a shrubby variety. There are several other kinds besides these.</def></p>

<p><hw>Got</hw> (?), <def><pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> of <u>Get</u>. See <u>Get</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gote</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. LG. <i>gote</i>, <i>gaute</i>, canal, G. <i>gosse</i>; akin to <i>giessen</i> to pour, shed, AS. <i>ge&oacute;tan</i>, and E. <i>fuse to</i> melt.] <def>A channel for water.</def> [Prov. Eng.] <i>Crose.</i></p>

<p><hw>Go"ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>a gutter.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Goth</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>Gothi</i>, pl.; cf. Gr. &?;]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Ethnol.)</i> <def>One of an ancient Teutonic race, who dwelt between the Elbe and the Vistula in the early part of the Christian era, and who overran and took an important part in subverting the Roman empire.</def></p>

<p>&fist; Under the reign of Valens, they took possession of Dacia (the modern Transylvania and the adjoining regions), and came to be known as <i>Ostrogoths</i> and <i>Visigoths</i>, or <i>East</i> and <i>West</i> Goths; the former inhabiting countries on the Black Sea up to the Danube, and the latter on this river generally. Some of them took possession of the province of Moesia, and hence were called <i>Moesogoths</i>. Others, who made their way to Scandinavia, at a time unknown to history, are sometimes styled <i>Suiogoths</i>.</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>One who is rude or uncivilized; a barbarian; a rude, ignorant person.</def> <i>Chesterfield.</i></p>

<p><hw>Go"tham*ist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A wiseacre; a person deficient in wisdom; — so called from Gotham, in Nottinghamshire, England, noted for some pleasant blunders.</def> <i>Bp. Morton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Go"tham*ite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A gothamist.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>An inhabitant of New York city.</def> [Jocular] <i>Irving.</i></p>

<p><hw>Goth"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>Gothicus</i>: cf. F. <i>gothique</i>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Pertaining to the Goths; as, <i>Gothic</i> customs; also, rude; barbarous.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to a style of architecture with pointed arches, steep roofs, windows large in proportion to the wall spaces, and, generally, great height in proportion to the other dimensions — prevalent in Western Europe from about 1200 to 1475 <u>a. d.</u> See <i>Illust.</i> of <u>Abacus</u>, and <u>Capital</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Goth"ic</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The language of the Goths; especially, the language of that part of the Visigoths who settled in Moesia in the 4th century. See <u>Goth</u>.</def></p>

<p>&fist; Bishop Ulfilas or Walfila translated most of the Bible into Gothic about the Middle of the 4th century. The portion of this translaton which is preserved is the oldest known literary document in any Teutonic language.</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A kind of square-cut type, with no hair lines.</def></p>

<p>&fist; <gothictype>This is Nonpareil GOTHIC.</gothictype> </p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>The style described in <u>Gothic</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>, 2.</def></p>

<p><hw>Goth"i*cism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A Gothic idiom.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Conformity to the Gothic style of architecture.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Rudeness of manners; barbarousness.</def></p>

<p><hw>Goth"i*cize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Gothicized</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Gothicizing</u> (?).] <def>To make Gothic; to bring back to barbarism.</def></p>

<p><hw>G&ouml;"thite</hw>, <i>or</i> <hw>Goe"thite</hw> (&?;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [After the poet <i>G&ouml;the</i>.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>A hydrous oxide of iron, occurring in prismatic crystals, also massive, with a fibrous, reniform, or stalactitic structure. The color varies from yellowish to blackish brown.</def></p>

<p><hw>Got"ten</hw> (?), <def><pos><i>p. p.</i></pos> of <u>Get</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Gouache</hw> (gw&adot;sh), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., It. <i>guazzo</i>.] <def>A method of painting with opaque colors, which have been ground in water and mingled with a preparation of gum; also, a picture thus painted.</def></p>

<p><hw>Goud</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. OF. <i>gaide</i>, F. <i>gu&egrave;de</i>, fr. OHG. <i>weit</i>; or cf. F. <i>gaude</i> weld. Cf. <u>Woad</u>.] <def>Woad.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>||Gou`dron"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., tar.] <i>(Mil.)</i> <def>a small fascine or fagot, steeped in wax, pitch, and glue, used in various ways, as for igniting buildings or works, or to light ditches and ramparts.</def> <i>Farrow.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gouge</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>gouge</i>. LL. <i>gubia</i>, <i>guvia</i>, <i>gulbia</i>, <i>gulvia</i>, <i>gulvium</i>; cf. Bisc. <i>gubia</i> bow, <i>gubioa</i> throat.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A chisel, with a hollow or semicylindrical blade, for scooping or cutting holes, channels, or grooves, in wood, stone, etc.; a similar instrument, with curved edge, for turning wood.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A bookbinder's tool for blind tooling or gilding, having a face which forms a curve.</def></p>

<p><! p. 641 !></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>An incising tool which cuts forms or blanks for gloves, envelopes, etc. from leather, paper, etc.</def> <i>Knight.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Mining)</i> <def>Soft material lying between the wall of a vein and the solid vein.</def> <i>Raymond.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>The act of scooping out with a gouge, or as with a gouge; a groove or cavity scooped out, as with a gouge.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>Imposition; cheat; fraud; also, an impostor; a cheat; a trickish person.</def> [Slang, U. S.]</p>

<p><col><b>Gouge bit</b></col>, <cd>a boring bit, shaped like a gouge.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Gouge</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Gouged</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Gouging</u> (?).] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To scoop out with a gouge.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To scoop out, as an eye, with the thumb nail; to force out the eye of (a person) with the thumb.</def> [K S.]</p>

<p>&fist; A barbarity mentioned by some travelers as formerly practiced in the brutal frays of desperadoes in some parts of the United States.</p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To cheat in a bargain; to chouse.</def> [Slang, U. S.]</p>

<p><hw>Gou"ger</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>See <u>Plum Gouger</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gouge"shell`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A sharp-edged, tubular, marine shell, of the genus <i>Vermetus</i>; also, the pinna. See <u>Vermetus</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gou"jere</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>gouge</i> prostitute, a camp trull. Cf. <u>Good-year</u>.] <def>The venereal disease.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Gou"land</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Golding</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gou*lard"s" ex"tract"</hw> (?). [Named after the introducer, Thomas <i>Goulard</i>, a French surgeon.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>An aqueous solution of the subacetate of lead, used as a lotion in cases of inflammation. Goulard's cerate is a cerate containing this extract.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gour</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Giaour</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A fire worshiper; a Gheber or Gueber.</def> <i>Tylor.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>See <u>Koulan</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Gou"ra</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of several species of large, crested ground pigeons of the genus <i>Goura</i>, inhabiting New Guinea and adjacent islands. The Queen Victoria pigeon (<i>Goura Victoria</i>) and the crowned pigeon (<i>G. coronata</i>) are among the best known species.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gou"ra*mi</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A very largo East Indian freshwater fish (<i>Osphromenus gorami</i>), extensively reared in artificial ponds in tropical countries, and highly valued as a food fish. Many unsuccessful efforts have been made to introduce it into Southern Europe.</def> [Written also <i>goramy</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Gourd</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>gourde</i>, OF. <i>cougourde</i>, <i>gouhourde</i>, fr. L. <i>cucurbita</i> gourd (cf. NPr. <i>cougourdo</i>); perh. akin to corbin basket, E. <i>corb</i>. Cf. <u>Cucurbite</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A fleshy, three-celled, many-seeded fruit, as the melon, pumpkin, cucumber, etc., of the order <i>Cucurbitace&aelig;</i>; and especially the bottle gourd (<i>Lagenaria vulgaris</i>) which occurs in a great variety of forms, and, when the interior part is removed, serves for bottles, dippers, cups, and other dishes.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A dipper or other vessel made from the shell of a gourd; hence, a drinking vessel; a bottle.</def> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Bitter gourd</b></col>, <cd>colocynth.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Gourd</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A false die. See <u>Gord</u>.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Gourd</hw>, <hw>Gourde</hw> } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Sp. <i>gordo</i> large.] <def>A silver dollar; — so called in Cuba, Hayti, etc.</def> <i>Simmonds.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gourd"i*ness</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From <u>Gourdy</u>.] <i>(Far.)</i> <def>The state of being gourdy.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gourd" tree"</hw> (?). <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A tree (the <i>Crescentia Cujete</i>, or calabash tree) of the West Indies and Central America.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gourd"worm"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The fluke of sheep. See <u>Fluke</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gourd"y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Either fr. <u>gourd</u>, or fr. F. <i>gourd</i> benumbed.] <i>(Far.)</i> <def>Swelled in the legs.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gour"mand</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F.] <def>A greedy or ravenous eater; a glutton. See <u>Gormand</u>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>That great <i>gourmand</i>, fat Apicius</blockquote> <i>B. Jonson.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Gour`met"</hw> (g&oomac;r`m&asl;"), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F.] <def>A connoisseur in eating and drinking; an epicure.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gour"net</hw> (g&ucirc;r"n&ebreve;t), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A fish. See <u>Gurnet</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gout</hw> (gout), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>goutte</i> a drop, the gout, the disease being considered as a defluxion, fr. L. <i>gutta</i> drop.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A drop; a clot or coagulation.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>On thy blade and dudgeon <i>gouts</i> of blood.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>A constitutional disease, occurring by paroxysms. It consists in an inflammation of the fibrous and ligamentous parts of the joints, and almost always attacks first the great toe, next the smaller joints, after which it may attack the greater articulations. It is attended with various sympathetic phenomena, particularly in the digestive organs. It may also attack internal organs, as the stomach, the intestines, etc.</def> <i>Dunglison.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A disease of cornstalks. See <i>Corn fly</i>, under <u>Corn</u>.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Gout stones</b></col>. <cd>See <u>Chalkstone</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, 2.</cd></p>

<p><hw>||Go&ucirc;t</hw> (g&oomac;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., fr. L. <i>gustus</i> taste. See <u>Gusto</u>.] <def>Taste; relish.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gout"i*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a gouty manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gout"i*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The state of being gouty; gout.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Gout"weed`</hw> (&?;), <hw>Gout"wort`</hw> (?) } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [So called from having been formerly used in assuaging the pain of the gout.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A coarse umbelliferous plant of Europe (<i>&AElig;gopodium Podagraria</i>); — called also <i>bishop's weed</i>, <i>ashweed</i>, and <i>herb gerard</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gout"y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Diseased with, or subject to, the gout; as, a <i>gouty</i> person; a <i>gouty</i> joint.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Pertaining to the gout.</def> "<i>Gouty</i> matter." <i>Blackmore.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Swollen, as if from gout.</def> <i>Derham.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Boggy; as, <i>gouty</i> land.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Gouty bronchitis</b></col>, <cd>bronchitis arising as a secondary disease during the progress of gout.</cd> — <col><b>Gouty concretions</b></col>, <cd>calculi (urate of sodium) formed in the joints, kidneys, etc., of sufferers from gout.</cd> — <col><b>Gouty kidney</b></col>, <cd>an affection occurring during the progress of gout, the kidney shriveling and containing concretions of urate of sodium.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Gove</hw> (g&omacr;v), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Also <i>goaf</i>, <i>goof</i>, <i>goff</i>.] <def>A mow; a rick for hay.</def> [Obs.] <i>Tusser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gov"ern</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Governed</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Governing</u>.] [OF. <i>governer</i>, F. <i>gouverner</i>, fr. L. <i>gubernare</i> to steer, pilot, govern, Gr. <grk>kyberna^n</grk>. Cf. <u>Gubernatorial</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To direct and control, as the actions or conduct of men, either by established laws or by arbitrary will; to regulate by authority.</def> "Fit to <i>govern</i> and rule multitudes." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To regulate; to influence; to direct; to restrain; to manage; as, to <i>govern</i> the life; to <i>govern</i> a horse.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Govern</i> well thy appetite.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Gram.)</i> <def>To require to be in a particular case; as, a transitive verb <i>governs</i> a noun in the objective case; or to require (a particular case); as, a transitive verb <i>governs</i> the objective case.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gov"ern</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To exercise authority; to administer the laws; to have the control.</def> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gov"ern*a*bil"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Governableness.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gov"ern*a*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>gouvernable</i>.] <def>Capable of being governed, or subjected to authority; controllable; manageable; obedient.</def> <i>Locke.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gov"ern*a*ble*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality of being governable; manageableness.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gov"ern*al</hw> (?), <hw>Gov"ern*ail</hw> (&?;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>gouvernail</i> helm, rudder, L. <i>gubernaculum</i>.] <def>Management; mastery.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gov"ern*ance</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. gouvernance.] <def>Exercise of authority; control; government; arrangement.</def> <i>Chaucer.</i> <i>J. H. Newman.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gov"ern*ante"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>gouvernante</i>. See <u>Govern</u>.] <def>A governess.</def> <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gov"ern*ess</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. OF. <i>governeresse</i>. See <u>Governor</u>.] <def>A female governor; a woman invested with authority to control and direct; especially, one intrusted with the care and instruction of children, — usually in their homes.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gov"ern*ing</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Holding the superiority; prevalent; controlling; as, a <i>governing</i> wind; a <i>governing</i> party in a state.</def> <i>Jay.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Gram.)</i> <def>Requiring a particular case.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gov"ern*ment</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>gouvernement</i>. See <u>Govern</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of governing; the exercise of authority; the administration of laws; control; direction; regulation; as, civil, church, or family government.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The mode of governing; the system of polity in a state; the established form of law.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>That free <i>government</i> which we have so dearly purchased, free commonwealth.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>The right or power of governing; authority.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I here resign my <i>government</i> to thee.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>The person or persons authorized to administer the laws; the ruling power; the administration.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>When we, in England, speak of the <i>government</i>, we generally understand the ministers of the crown for the time being.</blockquote> <i>Mozley & W.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>The body politic governed by one authority; a state; as, the <i>governments</i> of Europe.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>Management of the limbs or body.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <i>(Gram.)</i> <def>The influence of a word in regard to construction, requiring that another word should be in a particular case.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gov"ern*men"tal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>gouvernemental</i>.] <def>Pertaining to government; made by government; as, <i>governmental</i> duties.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gov"ern*or</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>governor</i>, <i>governour</i>, OF. <i>governeor</i>, F. <i>gouverneur</i>, fr. L. <i>gubernator</i> steersman, ruler, governor. See <u>Govern</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who governs; especially, one who is invested with the supreme executive authority in a State; a chief ruler or magistrate; as, the <i>governor</i> of Pennsylvania.</def> "The <i>governor</i> of the town." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>One who has the care or guardianship of a young man; a tutor; a guardian.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>A pilot; a steersman.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Mach.)</i> <def>A contrivance applied to steam engines, water wheels, and other machinery, to maintain nearly uniform speed when the resistances and motive force are variable.</def></p>

<p> &fist; The illustration shows a form of <i>governor</i> commonly used for steam engines, in wich a heavy sleeve (<i>a</i>) sliding on a rapidly revolving spindle (<i>b</i>), driven by the engine, is raised or lowered, when the speed varies, by the changing centrifugal force of two balls (<i>c c</i>) to which it is connected by links (<i>d d</i>), the balls being attached to arms (<i>e e</i>) which are jointed to the top of the spindle. The sleeve is connected with the throttle valve or cut-off through a lever (<i>f</i>), and its motion produces a greater supply of steam when the engine runs too slowly and a less supply when too fast.</p>

<p><col><b>Governor cut-off</b></col> <i>(Steam Engine)</i>, <cd>a variable cut-off gear in which the governor acts in such a way as to cause the steam to be cut off from entering the cylinder at points of the stroke dependent upon the engine's speed.</cd> — <col><b>Hydraulic governor</b></col> <i>(Mach.)</i>, <cd>a governor which is operated by the action of a liquid in flowing; a cataract.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Gov"ern*or gen"er*al</hw> (?). <def>A governor who has lieutenant or deputy governors under him; as, the <i>governor general</i> of Canada, of India.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gov"ern*or*ship</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The office of a governor.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gow"an</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Scot., fr. Gael. <i>gugan</i> bud, flower, daisy.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The daisy, or mountain daisy.</def> [Scot.]</p>

<p><blockquote>And pu'd the <i>gowans</i> fine.</blockquote> <i>Burns.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Min.)</i> <def>Decomposed granite.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gow"an*y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having, abounding in, or decked with, daisies.</def> [Scot.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Sweeter than <i>gowany</i> glens or new-mown hay.</blockquote> <i>Ramsay.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gowd</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. <u>Gold</u>.] <def>Gold; wealth.</def> [Scot.]</p>

<p><blockquote>The man's the <i>gowd</i> for a' that.</blockquote> <i>Burns.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gowd"en</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Golden.</def> [Scot.]</p>

<p><hw>Gow"die</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>See <u>Dragont</u>.</def> [Scot.]</p>

<p><hw>Gowd"nook"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The saury pike; — called also gofnick.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gowk</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [See <u>Gawk</u>.] <def>To make a, booby of one); to stupefy.</def> [Obs.] <i>B. Jonson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gowk</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Gawk</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The European cuckoo; — called also gawky.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A simpleton; a gawk or gawky.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gowl</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [OE. <i>gaulen</i>, <i>goulen</i>. Cf. <u>Yawl</u>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos>] <def>To howl.</def> [Obs.] <i>Wyclif.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gown</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>goune</i>, prob. from W. <i>gwn</i> gown, loose robe, akin to Ir. <i>gunn</i>, Gael. <i>g&ugrave;n</i>; cf. OF. <i>gone</i>, prob. of the same origin.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A loose, flowing upper garment</def>; especially: <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The ordinary outer dress of a woman; as, a calico or silk <i>gown</i>.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The official robe of certain professional men and scholars, as university students and officers, barristers, judges, etc.; hence, the dress of peace; the dress of civil officers, in distinction from military.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He Mars deposed, and arms to <i>gowns</i> made yield.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <def>A loose wrapper worn by gentlemen within doors; a dressing gown.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Any sort of dress or garb.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He comes . . . in the <i>gown</i> of humility.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gowned</hw> (?), <pos><i>p. a.</i></pos> <def>Dressed in a gown; clad.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Gowned</i> in pure white, that fitted to the shape.</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gowns"man</hw> (?), <hw>Gown"man</hw> (&?;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>-men</b></plw> (-men). <def>One whose professional habit is a gown, as a divine or lawyer, and particularly a member of an English university; hence, a civilian, in distinction from a soldier.</def></p>

<p><hw>Goz"zard</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Gosherd</u>.</def> [Prov. Eng.]</p>

<p><hw>Graaf"i*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Pertaining to, or discovered by, Regnier de Graaf, a Dutch physician.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Graafian follicles</b></col><cd> or vesicles, small cavities in which the ova are developed in the ovaries of mammals, and by the bursting of which they are discharged.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Graal</hw> (gr&amacr;l), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Grail</u>, a dish.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grab</hw> (gr&abreve;b), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Ar. & Hind. <i>ghur&amacr;b</i> crow, raven, a kind of Arab ship.] <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>A vessel used on the Malabar coast, having two or three masts.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grab</hw> (gr&abreve;b), <pos><i>v. t. & i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Grabbed</u> (gr&abreve;bd); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Grabbing</u>.] [Akin to Sw. <i>grabba</i> to grasp. Cf. <u>Grabble</u>, <u>Grapple</u>, <u>Grasp</u>.] <def>To gripe suddenly; to seize; to snatch; to clutch.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grab</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A sudden grasp or seizure.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>An instrument for clutching objects for the purpose of raising them; — specially applied to devices for withdrawing drills, etc., from artesian and other wells that are drilled, bored, or driven.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Grab bag</b></col>, <cd>at fairs, a bag or box holding small articles which are to be drawn, without being seen, on payment of a small sum.</cd> [Colloq.] — <col><b>Grab game</b></col>, <cd>a theft committed by grabbing or snatching a purse or other piece of property.</cd> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><hw>Grab"ber</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who seizes or grabs.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grab"ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Grabbled</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Grabbling</u> (&?;).] [Freq. of <i>grab</i>; cf. D. <i>grabbelen</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To grope; to feel with the hands.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He puts his hands into his pockets, and keeps a <i>grabbling</i> and fumbling.</blockquote> <i>Selden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To lie prostrate on the belly; to sprawl on the ground; to grovel.</def> <i>Ainsworth.</i></p>

<p><hw>Grace</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>gr&acirc;ce</i>, L. <i>gratia</i>, from <i>gratus</i> beloved, dear, agreeable; perh. akin to Gr. &?; to rejoice, &?; favor, grace, Skr. <i>hary</i> to desire, and E. yearn. Cf. <u>Grateful</u>, <u>Gratis</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The exercise of love, kindness, mercy, favor; disposition to benefit or serve another; favor bestowed or privilege conferred.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>To bow and sue for <i>grace</i><BR> With suppliant knee.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Theol.)</i> <def>The divine favor toward man; the mercy of God, as distinguished from His justice; also, any benefits His mercy imparts; divine love or pardon; a state of acceptance with God; enjoyment of the divine favor.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>And if by <i>grace</i>, then is it no more of works.</blockquote> <i>Rom. xi. 6.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>My <i>grace</i> is sufficicnt for thee.</blockquote> <i>2 Cor. xii. 9.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Where sin abounded, <i>grace</i> did much more abound.</blockquote> <i>Rom. v. 20.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>By whom also we have access by faith into this <i>grace</i> wherein we stand.</blockquote> <i>Rom. v.2</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Law)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The prerogative of mercy execised by the executive, as pardon.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The same prerogative when exercised in the form of equitable relief through chancery.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Fortune; luck; — used commonly with <i>hard</i> or <i>sorry</i> when it means misfortune.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>Inherent excellence; any endowment or characteristic fitted to win favor or confer pleasure or benefit.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He is complete in feature and in mind.<BR> With all good <i>grace</i> to grace a gentleman.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>I have formerly given the general character of Mr. Addison's style and manner as natural and unaffected, easy and polite, and full of those <i>graces</i> which a flowery imagination diffuses over writing.</blockquote> <i>Blair.</i></p>

<p><! p. 642 !></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>Beauty, physical, intellectual, or moral; loveliness; commonly, easy elegance of manners; perfection of form.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Grace</i> in women gains the affections sooner, and secures them longer, than any thing else.</blockquote> <i>Hazlitt.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>I shall answer and thank you again For the gift and the <i>grace</i> of the gift.</blockquote> <i>Longfellow.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <i>pl.</i> <i>(Myth.)</i> <def>Graceful and beautiful females, sister goddesses, represented by ancient writers as the attendants sometimes of Apollo but oftener of Venus. They were commonly mentioned as three in number; namely, Aglaia, Euphrosyne, and Thalia, and were regarded as the inspirers of the qualities which give attractiveness to wisdom, love, and social intercourse.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>Graces</i> love to weave the rose.</blockquote> <i>Moore.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The Loves delighted, and the <i>Graces</i> played.</blockquote> <i>Prior.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>8.</b></sn> <def>The title of a duke, a duchess, or an archbishop, and formerly of the king of England.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>How fares your <i>Grace</i> !</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>9.</b></sn> <i>(Commonly pl.)</i> <def>Thanks.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Yielding <i>graces</i> and thankings to their lord Melibeus.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>10.</b></sn> <def>A petition for grace; a blessing asked, or thanks rendered, before or after a meal.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>11.</b></sn> <i>pl.</i> <i>(Mus.)</i> <def>Ornamental notes or short passages, either introduced by the performer, or indicated by the composer, in which case the notation signs are called <i>grace notes</i>, <i>appeggiaturas</i>, <i>turns</i>, etc.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>12.</b></sn> <i>(Eng. Universities)</i> <def>An act, vote, or decree of the government of the institution; a degree or privilege conferred by such vote or decree.</def> <i>Walton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>13.</b></sn> <i>pl.</i> <def>A play designed to promote or display grace of motion. It consists in throwing a small hoop from one player to another, by means of two sticks in the hands of each. Called also <i>grace hoop</i> or <i>hoops</i>.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Act of grace</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Act</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Day of grace</b></col> <i>(Theol.)</i>, <cd>the time of probation, when the offer of divine forgiveness is made and may be accepted.</cd></p>

<p><blockquote>That day of <i>grace</i> fleets fast away.</blockquote> <i>I. Watts.</i></p>

<p>— <col><b>Days of grace</b></col> <i>(Com.)</i>, <cd>the days immediately following the day when a bill or note becomes due, which days are allowed to the debtor or payer to make payment in. In Great Britain and the United States, the <i>days of grace</i> are <i>three</i>, but in some countries more, the usages of merchants being different.</cd> — <col><b>Good graces</b></col>, <cd>favor; friendship.</cd> — <col><b>Grace cup</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>A cup or vessel in which a health is drunk after grace.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>A health drunk after grace has been said.</cd></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>grace</i> cup follows to his sovereign's health.</blockquote> <i>Hing.</i></p>

<p>— <col><b>Grace drink</b></col>, <cd>a drink taken on rising from the table; a grace cup.</cd></p>

<p><blockquote>To [Queen Margaret, of Scotland] . . . we owe the custom of the <i>grace drink</i>, she having established it as a rule at her table, that whosoever staid till grace was said was rewarded with a bumper.</blockquote> <i>Encyc. Brit.</i></p>

<p>— <col><b>Grace hoop</b></col>, <cd>a hoop used in playing graces. See <u>Grace</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, 13.</cd> — <col><b>Grace note</b></col> <i>(Mus.)</i>, <cd>an appoggiatura. See <u>Appoggiatura</u>, and def. 11 above.</cd> — <col><b>Grace stroke</b></col>, <cd>a finishing stoke or touch; a coup de grace.</cd> — <col><b>Means of grace</b></col>, <cd>means of securing knowledge of God, or favor with God, as the preaching of the gospel, etc.</cd> — <col><b>To do grace</b></col>, <cd>to reflect credit upon.</cd></p>

<p><blockquote>Content to do the profession some <i>grace</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p>— <col><b>To say grace</b></col>, <cd>to render thanks before or after a meal.</cd> — <col><b>With a good grace</b></col>, <cd>in a fit and proper manner grace fully; graciously.</cd> — <col><b>With a bad grace</b></col>, <cd>in a forced, reluctant, or perfunctory manner; ungraciously.</cd></p>

<p><blockquote>What might have been done with a good <i>grace</i> would at least<BR> be done with a bad grace.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i> </p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Elegance; comeliness; charm; favor; kindness; mercy. — <u>Grace</u>, <u>Mercy</u>. These words, though often interchanged, have each a distinctive and peculiar meaning. <i>Grace</i>, in the strict sense of the term, is spontaneous favor to the guilty or undeserving; mercy is kindness or compassion to the suffering or condemned. It was the <i>grace</i> of God that opened a way for the exercise of <i>mercy</i> toward men. See <u>Elegance</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Grace</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Graced</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Gracing</u> (?).] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To adorn; to decorate; to embellish and dignify.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Great Jove and Phoebus graced his noble line.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>We are <i>graced</i> with wreaths of victory.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To dignify or raise by an act of favor; to honor.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He might, at his pleasure, <i>grace</i> or disgrace whom he would<BR> in court.</blockquote> <i>Knolles.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To supply with heavenly grace.</def> <i>Bp. Hall.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Mus.)</i> <def>To add grace notes, cadenzas, etc., to.</def></p>

<p><hw>Graced</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Endowed with grace; beautiful; full of graces; honorable.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Grace"ful</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Displaying grace or beauty in form or action; elegant; easy; agreeable in appearance; as, a <i>graceful</i> walk, deportment, speaker, air, act, speech.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>High o'er the rest in arms the <i>graceful</i> Turnus rode.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p>— <wf>Grace"ful*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <wf>Grace"ful*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Grace"less</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Wanting in grace or excellence; departed from, or deprived of, divine grace; hence, depraved; corrupt.</def> "In a <i>graceless</i> age." <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Unfortunate. Cf. <u>Grace</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, 4.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p>— <wf>Grace"less*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Grace"less-ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p>{ <hw>Grac"ile</hw> (?), <hw>Grac"il*lent</hw> (?) } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>gracilis</i>, <i>gracilentus</i>.] <def>Slender; thin.</def> [Obs.] <i>Bailey.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gra*cil"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. gracilitas; cf. F. <i>gracilit&eacute;</i>.] <def>State of being gracilent; slenderness.</def> <i>Milman.</i> "Youthful <i>gracility</i>." <i>W. D. Howells.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gra"cious</hw> (gr&amacr;"sh&ubreve;s), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [F. <i>gracieux</i>, L. <i>gratiosus</i>. See <u>Grace</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Abounding in grace or mercy; manifesting love, or bestowing mercy; characterized by grace; beneficent; merciful; disposed to show kindness or favor; condescending; as, his most <i>gracious</i> majesty.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A god ready to pardon, <i>gracious</i> and merciful.</blockquote> <i>Neh. ix. 17.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>So hallowed and so <i>gracious</i> in the time.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Abounding in beauty, loveliness, or amiability; graceful; excellent.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Since the birth of Cain, the first male child, . . . <BR> There was not such a <i>gracious</i> creature born.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Produced by divine grace; influenced or controlled by the divine influence; as, <i>gracious</i> affections.</def></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Favorable; kind; benevolent; friendly; beneficent; benignant; merciful.</p>

<p><hw>Gra"cious*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>In a gracious manner; courteously; benignantly.</def> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Fortunately; luckily.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gra"cious*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Quality of being gracious.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grac"kle</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. L. <i>graculus</i> jackdaw.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>One of several American blackbirds, of the family <i>Icterid&aelig;</i>; as, the rusty grackle (<i>Scolecophagus Carolinus</i>); the boat-tailed grackle (see Boat-tail); the purple grackle (<i>Quiscalus quiscula</i>, or <i>Q. versicolor</i>). See <i>Crow blackbird</i>, under <u>Crow</u>.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>An Asiatic bird of the genus <i>Gracula</i>. See <u>Myna</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gra"date</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [See <u>Grade</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To grade or arrange (parts in a whole, colors in painting, etc.), so that they shall harmonize.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>To bring to a certain strength or grade of concentration; as, to gradate a saline solution.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gra*da"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, [L. <i>gradatio</i>: cf. F. <i>gradation</i>. See <u>Grade</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of progressing by regular steps or orderly arrangement; the state of being graded or arranged in ranks; as, the gradation of castes.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The act or process of bringing to a certain grade.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Any degree or relative position in an order or series.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The several <i>gradations</i> of the intelligent universe.</blockquote> <i>I. Taylor.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Fine Arts)</i> <def>A gradual passing from one tint to another or from a darker to a lighter shade, as in painting or drawing.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <i>(Mus.)</i> <def>A diatonic ascending or descending succession of chords.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gra*da"tion</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To form with gradations.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Gra*da"tion*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>By regular steps or gradations; of or pertaining to gradation.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grad"a*to*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See <u>Grade</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Proceeding step by step, or by gradations; gradual.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Could we have seen [Macbeth's] crimes darkening on their progress . . . could this <i>gradatory</i> apostasy have been shown us.</blockquote> <i>A. Seward.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Suitable for walking; — said of the limbs of an animal when adapted for walking on land.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grad"a*to*ry</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. LL. <i>gradatarium</i>.] <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>A series of steps from a cloister into a church.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grade</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>grade</i>, L. <i>gradus</i> step, pace, grade, from <i>gradi</i> to step, go. Cf. <u>Congress</u>, <u>Degree</u>, <u>Gradus</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A step or degree in any series, rank, quality, order; relative position or standing; as, <i>grades</i> of military rank; crimes of every <i>grade</i>; <i>grades</i> of flour.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>They also appointed and removed, at their own pleasure,<BR> teachers of every <i>grade</i>.</blockquote> <i>Buckle.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>In a railroad or highway</i>: <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The rate of ascent or descent; gradient; deviation from a level surface to an inclined plane; — usually stated as so many feet per mile, or as one foot rise or fall in so many of horizontal distance; as, a heavy <i>grade</i>; a <i>grade</i> of twenty feet per mile, or of 1 in 264.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A graded ascending, descending, or level portion of a road; a gradient.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Stock Breeding)</i> <def>The result of crossing a native stock with some better breed. If the crossbreed have more than three fourths of the better blood, it is called high grade.</def></p>

<p><col><b>At grade</b></col>, <cd>on the same level; — said of the crossing of a railroad with another railroad or a highway, when they are on the same level at the point of crossing.</cd> — <col><b>Down grade</b></col>, <cd>a descent, as on a graded railroad.</cd> — <col><b>Up grade</b></col>, <cd>an ascent, as on a graded railroad.</cd> — <col><b>Equating for grades</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Equate</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Grade crossing</b></col>, <cd>a crossing at grade.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Grade</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Graded</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Grading</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To arrange in order, steps, or degrees, according to size, quality, rank, etc.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To reduce to a level, or to an evenly progressive ascent, as the line of a canal or road.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Stock Breeding)</i> <def>To cross with some better breed; to improve the blood of.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grade"ly</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. AS. <i>grad</i> grade, step, order, fr. L. <i>gradus</i>. See <u>Grade</u>.] <def>Decent; orderly.</def> [Prov. Eng.] <i>Halliwell.</i> — <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>Decently; in order.</def> [Prov. Eng.]</p>

<p><hw>Grad"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who grades, or that by means of which grading is done or facilitated.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gra"di*ent</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>gradiens</i>, <i>p. pr.</i> of <i>gradi</i> to step, to go. See <u>Grade</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Moving by steps; walking; as, <i>gradient</i> automata.</def> <i>Wilkins.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Rising or descending by regular degrees of inclination; as, the <i>gradient</i> line of a railroad.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Adapted for walking, as the feet of certain birds.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gra"di*ent</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The rate of regular or graded ascent or descent in a road; grade.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A part of a road which slopes upward or downward; a portion of a way not level; a grade.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>The rate of increase or decrease of a variable magnitude, or the curve which represents it; as, a thermometric gradient.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Gradient post</b></col>, <cd>a post or stake indicating by its height or by marks on it the grade of a railroad, highway, or embankment, etc., at that spot.</cd> </p>

<p>{ <hw>||Gra"din</hw> (?), <hw>Gra*dine"</hw> (?),} <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>gradin</i>, <i>dim</i>. <i>of grade</i>. See <u>Grade</u>.] <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>Any member like a step, as the raised back of an altar or the like; a set raised over another.</def> "The <i>gradines</i> of the amphitheeater." <i>Layard.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gra*dine"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>gradine</i>.] <def>A toothed chised by sculptors.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grad"ing</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The act or method of arranging in or by grade, or of bringing, as the surface of land or a road, to the desired level or grade.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Gra*di"no</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Gradinos</b></plw> (#). [It.] <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>A step or raised shelf, as above a sideboard or altar. Cf. <u>Superaltar</u>, and <u>Gradin</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grad"u*al"</hw> (?); <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf; F. <i>graduel</i>. See <u>Grade</u>, and cf. <u>Gradual</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <def>Proceeding by steps or degrees; advancing, step by step, as in ascent or descent or from one state to another; regularly progressive; slow; as, a <i>gradual</i> increase of knowledge; a <i>gradual</i> decline.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Creatures animate with <i>gradual</i> life<BR> Of growth, sense, reason, all summed up in man.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Grad"u*al</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [LL. <i>graduale</i> a gradual (in sense 1), fr. L. <i>gradus</i> step: cf. F. <i>graduel</i>. See <u>Grade</u>, and cf. <u>Grail</u> a gradual.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(R. C. Ch.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>An antiphon or responsory after the epistle, in the Mass, which was sung on the steps, or while the deacon ascended the steps.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A service book containing the musical portions of the Mass.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A series of steps.</def> [Obs.] <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Grad"u*al"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The state of being gradual; gradualness.</def> [R.] <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Grad"u*al*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>In a gradual manner.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>In degree.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Human reason doth not only <i>gradually</i>, but specifically, differ from the fantastic reason of brutes.</blockquote> <i>Grew.</i></p>

<p><hw>Grad"u*al*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality or state of being gradual; regular progression or gradation; slowness.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>gradualness</i> of this movement.</blockquote> <i>M. Arnold.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>gradualness</i> of growth is a characteristic which strikes the simplest observer.</blockquote> <i>H. Drummond.</i></p>

<p><hw>Grad"u*ate</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Graduated</u> (?) <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Graduating</u> (&?;).] [Cf. F. <i>graduer</i>. See <u>Graduate</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, <u>Grade</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To mark with degrees; to divide into regular steps, grades, or intervals, as the scale of a thermometer, a scheme of punishment or rewards, etc.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To admit or elevate to a certain grade or degree; esp., in a college or university, to admit, at the close of the course, to an honorable standing defined by a diploma; as, he was graduated at Yale College.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To prepare gradually; to arrange, temper, or modify by degrees or to a certain degree; to determine the degrees of; as, to graduate the heat of an oven.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Dyers advance and graduate their colors with salts.</blockquote> <i>Browne.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>To bring to a certain degree of consistency, by evaporation, as a fluid.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Graduating engine</b></col>, <cd>a dividing engine. See <i>Dividing</i> engine, under <u>Dividing</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Grad"u*ate</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To pass by degrees; to change gradually; to shade off; as, sandstone which <i>graduates</i> into gneiss; carnelian sometimes <i>graduates</i> into quartz.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>To taper, as the tail of certain birds.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To take a degree in a college or university; to become a graduate; to receive a diploma.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He <i>graduated</i> at Oxford.</blockquote> <i>Latham.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>He was brought to their bar and asked where he had <i>graduated</i>.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><hw>Grad"u*ate</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [LL. <i>graduatus</i>, p. p. of graduare to admit to a degree, fr. L. <i>gradus</i> grade. See <u>Grade</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who has received an academical or professional degree; one who has completed the prescribed course of study in any school or institution of learning.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A graduated cup, tube, or flask; a measuring glass used by apothecaries and chemists. See under <u>Graduated</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grad"u*ate</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See <u>Graduate</u>, <pos><i>n. & v.</i></pos>] <def>Arranged by successive steps or degrees; graduated.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Beginning with the genus, passing through all the <i>graduate</i><BR> and subordinate stages.</blockquote> <i>Tatham.</i></p>

<p><hw>Grad"u*a"ted</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Marked with, or divided into, degrees; divided into grades.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Tapered; — said of a bird's tail when the outer feathers are shortest, and the others successively longer.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Graduated</b></col> <col><b>tube, bottle, cap, or glass</b></col>, <cd>a vessel, usually of glass, having horizontal marks upon its sides, with figures, to indicate the amount of the contents at the several levels.</cd> — <col><b>Graduated spring</b></col> <i>(Railroads)</i>, <cd>a combination of metallic and rubber springs.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Grad"u*ate*ship</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>State of being a graduate.</def> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Grad"u*a"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [LL. graduatio promotion to a degree: cf. F. graduation division into degrees.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of graduating, or the state of being graduated; as, <i>graduation</i> of a scale; <i>graduation</i> at a college; graduation in color; <i>graduation</i> by evaporation; the <i>graduation</i> of a bird's tail, etc.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The marks on an instrument or vessel to indicate degrees or quantity; a scale.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>The exposure of a liquid in large surfaces to the air, so as to hasten its evaporation.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grad"u*a"tor</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who determines or indicates graduation; as, a graduator of instruments.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>An instrument for dividing any line, right or curve, into small, regular intervals.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>An apparatus for diffusing a solution, as brine or vinegar, over a large surface, for exposure to the air.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Gra"dus</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From L. gradus ad Parnassum a step to Parnassus.] <def>A dictionary of prosody, designed as an aid in writing Greek or Latin poetry.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He set to work . . . without <i>gradus</i> or other help.</blockquote> <i>T. Hughes.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Graf</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [G. Cf. <u>-grave</u>.] <def>A German title of nobility, equivalent to earl in English, or count in French. See <u>Earl</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Graff</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>grafe</i>, <i>greife</i>, <i>greive</i>. Cf. <u>Margrave</u>.] <def>A steward; an overseer.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>[A prince] is nothing but a servant, overseer, or <i>graff</i>, and not the head, which is a title belonging only to Christ.</blockquote> <i>John Knox.</i></p>

<p><hw>Graff</hw> <pos><i>n. & v.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Graft</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Graff"age</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. Grave, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <def>The scarp of a ditch or moat.</def> "To clean the <i>graffages</i>." <i>Miss Mitford.</i></p>

<p><hw>Graf"fer</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See Greffier.] <i>(Law.)</i> <def>a notary or scrivener.</def> <i>Bouvier.</i></p>

<p><! p. 643 !></p>

<p><hw>||Graf*fi"ti</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [It., pl. of <i>graffito</i> scratched] <def>Inscriptions, figure drawings, etc., found on the walls of ancient sepulchers or ruins, as in the Catacombs, or at Pompeii.</def></p>

<p><hw>Graft</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>graff</i>, F. <i>greffe</i>, originally the same word as OF. <i>grafe</i> pencil, L. <i>graphium</i>, Gr. &?;, &?;, fr. &?; to write; prob. akin to E. <i>carve</i>. So named from the resemblance of a scion or shoot to a pointed pencil. Cf. <u>Graphic</u>, <u>Grammar.</u>] <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A small shoot or scion of a tree inserted in another tree, the stock of which is to support and nourish it. The two unite and become one tree, but the graft determines the kind of fruit.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A branch or portion of a tree growing from such a shoot.</def> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <i>(Surg.)</i> <def>A portion of living tissue used in the operation of autoplasty.</def></p>

<p><hw>Graft</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Grafted</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Grafting</u>.] [F. <i>greffer</i>. See <u>Graft</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To insert (a graft) in a branch or stem of another tree; to propagate by insertion in another stock; also, to insert a graft upon.</def> [Formerly written <i>graff</i>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Surg.)</i> <def>To implant a portion of (living flesh or akin) in a lesion so as to form an organic union.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To join (one thing) to another as if by grafting, so as to bring about a close union.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>And <i>graft</i> my love immortal on thy fame !</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>To cover, as a ring bolt, block strap, splicing, etc., with a weaving of small cord or rope- yarns.</def></p>

<p><hw>Graft</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To insert scions from one tree, or kind of tree, etc., into another; to practice grafting.</def></p>

<p><hw>Graft"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who inserts scions on other stocks, or propagates fruit by ingrafting.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>An instrument by which grafting is facilitated.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>The original tree from which a scion has been taken for grafting upon another tree.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Graft"ing</hw> <pos><i>n.</i></pos> 1. <i>(Hort.)</i> The act, art, or process of inserting grafts.</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>The act or method of weaving a cover for a ring, rope end, etc.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Surg.)</i> <def>The transplanting of a portion of flesh or skin to a denuded surface; autoplasty.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Carp.)</i> <def>A scarfing or endwise attachment of one timber to another.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Cleft grafting</b></col> <i>(Hort.)</i> <cd>a method of grafting in which the scion is placed in a cleft or slit in the stock or stump made by sawing off a branch, usually in such a manaer that its bark evenly joins that of the stock.</cd> — <col><b>Crown, or Rind, grafting</b></col>, <cd>a method of grafting which the alburnum and inner bark are separated, and between them is inserted the lower end of the scion cut slantwise.</cd> — <col><b>Saddle grafting</b></col>, <cd>a mode of grafting in which a deep cleft is made in the end of the scion by two sloping cuts, and the end of the stock is made wedge-shaped to fit the cleft in the scion, which is placed upon it saddlewise.</cd> — <col><b>Side grafting</b></col>, <cd>a mode of grafting in which the scion, cut quite across very obliquely, so as to give it the form of a slender wedge, is thrust down inside of the bark of the stock or stem into which it is inserted, the cut side of the scion being next the wood of the stock.</cd> — <col><b>Skin grafting</b></col>. <i>(Surg.)</i> <cd>See <u>Autoplasty.</u></cd> — <col><b>Splice grafting</b></col> <i>(Hort.)</i>, <cd>a method of grafting by cutting the ends of the scion and stock completely across and obliquely, in such a manner that the sections are of the same shape, then lapping the ends so that the one cut surface exactly fits the other, and securing them by tying or otherwise.</cd> — <col><b>Whip grafting</b></col>, <cd>tongue grafting, the same as splice grafting, except that a cleft or slit is made in the end of both scion and stock, in the direction of the grain and in the middle of the sloping surface, forming a kind of tongue, so that when put together, the tongue of each is inserted in the slit of the other.</cd> — <col><b>Grafting scissors</b></col>, <cd>a surgeon's scissors, used in rhinoplastic operations, etc.</cd> — <col><b>Grafting tool</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>Any tool used in grafting.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>A very strong curved spade used in digging canals.</cd> — <col><b>Grafting wax</b></col>, <cd>a composition of rosin, beeswax tallow, etc., used in binding up the wounds of newly grafted trees.</cd> </p>

<p><hw>Gra"ham bread"</hw> (?). [From Sylvester <i>Graham</i>, a lecturer on dietetics.] <def>Bread made of unbolted wheat flour.</def> [U. S.] <i>Bartlett.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gra"ham*ite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Graham bread</u>.] <def>One who follows the dietetic system of Graham.</def> [U. S.] </p>

<p><hw>Grail</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>greel</i>, LL. <i>gradale.</i> See <u>Gradual</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <def>A book of offices in the Roman Catholic Church; a gradual.</def> [Obs.] <i>T. Warton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Such as antiphonals, missals, <i>grails</i>, processionals, etc.</blockquote> <i>Strype.</i></p>

<p><hw>Grail</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>graal</i>, <i>greal</i>, greet, F. <i>graal</i>, <i>gr&eacute;al</i>, LL. <i>gradalis</i>, <i>gradale</i>, prob. derived fr. L. <i>crater</i> bowl, mixing vessel, Gr. <grk>krath`r</grk>. See <u>Crater.</u>] <def>A broad, open dish; a chalice; — only used of the <i>Holy Grail</i>.</def></p>

<p>&fist;The <i>Holy Grail</i>, according to some legends of the Middle Ages, was the cup used by our Savior in dispensing the wine at the last supper; and according to others, the platter on which the paschal lamb was served at the last Passover observed by our Lord. This cup, according to the legend, if appoached by any but a perfectly pure and holy person, would be borne away and vanish from the sight. The <i>quest</i> of the Holy Grail was to be undertaken only by a knight who was perfectly chaste in thought, word, and act.</p>

<p><hw>Grail</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>gr&ecirc;le</i> hail, from <i>gr&Eacute;s</i> grit, OHG. <i>griex</i>, <i>grioz</i>, G. <i>gries</i>, gravel, grit. See <u>Grit.</u>] <def>Small particles of earth; gravel.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Lying down upon the sandy <i>grail.</i></blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Grail</hw> (gr&mac;l), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. OF. <i>graite</i> slender, F. <i>gr&ecirc;te</i>.] <def>One of the small feathers of a hawk.</def></p>

<p><hw>Graille</hw> (gr&mac;l), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>gr&ecirc;le</i> a sort of file.] <def>A halfround single-cut file or fioat, having one curved face and one straight face, — used by comb makers.</def> <i>Knight.</i></p>

<p><hw>Grain</hw>, <pos><i>v. & n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Groan.</u></def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Grain</hw> (gr&mac;n), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>grain</i>, L. <i>granum</i>, grain, seed, small kernel, small particle. See <u>Corn</u>, and cf. <u>Garner</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, <u>Garnet</u>, <u>Gram</u> the chick-pea, <u>Granule</u>, <u>Kernel.</u>]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A single small hard seed; a kernel, especially of those plants, like wheat, whose seeds are used for food.</def> </p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The fruit of certain grasses which furnish the chief food of man, as corn, wheat, rye, oats, etc., or the plants themselves; — used collectively.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Storehouses crammed with <i>grain.</i></blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Any small, hard particle, as of sand, sugar, salt, etc.; hence, any minute portion or particle; as, a <i>grain</i> of gunpowder, of pollen, of starch, of sense, of wit, etc.</def> </p>

<p><blockquote>I . . . with a <i>grain</i> of manhood well resolved.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>The unit of the English system of weights; — so called because considered equal to the average of grains taken from the middle of the ears of wheat. 7,000 grains constitute the pound avoirdupois, and 5,760 grains the pound troy. A grain is equal to .0648 gram. See <u>Gram.</u> </def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>A reddish dye made from the coccus insect, or kermes; hence, a red color of any tint or hue, as crimson, scarlet, etc.; sometimes used by the poets as equivalent to <i>Tyrian purple</i>.</def> </p>

<p><blockquote>All in a robe of darkest <i>grain.</i></blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Doing as the dyers do, who, having first dipped their silks in colors of less value, then give' them the last tincture of crimson in <i>grain.</i></blockquote> <i>Quoted by Coleridge, preface to Aids to Reflection.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>The composite particles of any substance; that arrangement of the particles of any body which determines its comparative roughness or hardness; texture; as, marble, sugar, sandstone, etc., of fine <i>grain</i>.</def> </p>

<p><blockquote>Hard box, and linden of a softer <i>grain</i>.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <def>The direction, arrangement, or appearance of the fibers in wood, or of the strata in stone, slate, etc.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Knots, by the conflux of meeting sap,<BR> Infect the sound pine and divert his <i>grain</i><BR> Tortive and errant from his course of growth.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>8.</b></sn> <def>The fiber which forms the substance of wood or of any fibrous material.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>9.</b></sn> <def>The <i>hair</i> side of a piece of leather, or the marking on that side.</def> <i>Knight.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>10.</b></sn> <i>pl.</i> <def>The remains of grain, etc., after brewing or distillation; hence, any residuum. Also called <i>draff</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>11.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A rounded prominence on the back of a sepal, as in the common dock. See <u>Grained</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>, 4.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>12.</b></sn> <def>Temper; natural disposition; inclination.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Brothers . . . not united in <i>grain.</i></blockquote> <i>Hayward.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>13.</b></sn> <def>A sort of spice, the grain of paradise.</def> [Obs.] </p>

<p><blockquote>He cheweth <i>grain</i> and licorice,<BR> To smellen sweet.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Against the grain</b></col>, <cd>against or across the direction of the fibers; hence, against one's wishes or tastes; unwillingly; unpleasantly; reluctantly; with difficulty.</cd> <i>Swift.</i> <i>Saintsbury.</i>— <col><b>A grain of allowance</b></col>, <cd>a slight indulgence or latitude a small allowance.</cd> — <col><b>Grain binder</b></col>, <cd>an attachment to a harvester for binding the grain into sheaves.</cd> — <col><b>Grain colors</b></col>, <cd>dyes made from the coccus or kermes insect.</cd> — <col><b>Grain leather</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>Dressed horse hides.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>Goat, seal, and other skins blacked on the grain side for women's shoes, etc.</cd> — <col><b>Grain moth</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>one of several small moths, of the family <i>Tineid&aelig;</i> (as <i>Tinea granella</i> and <i>Butalis cerealella</i>), whose larv&aelig; devour grain in storehouses.</cd> — <col><b>Grain side</b></col> <i>(Leather)</i>, <cd>the side of a skin or hide from which the hair has been removed; — opposed to <i>flesh side.</i></cd> — <col><b>Grains of paradise</b></col>, <cd>the seeds of a species of amomum.</cd> — <col><b>grain tin</b></col>, <cd>crystalline tin ore metallic tin smelted with charcoal.</cd> — <col><b>Grain weevil</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a small red weevil (<i>Sitophilus granarius</i>), which destroys stored wheat and other grain, by eating out the interior.</cd> — <col><b>Grain worm</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the larva of the grain moth. See <i>grain moth</i>, above.</cd> — <col><b>In grain</b></col>, <cd>of a fast color; deeply seated; fixed; innate; genuine.</cd> "Anguish in grain." <i>Herbert.</i> — <col><b>To dye in grain</b></col>, <cd>to dye of a fast color by means of the coccus or kermes grain [see <u>Grain</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, 5]; hence, to dye firmly; also, to dye in the wool, or in the raw material. See under <u>Dye.</u></cd></p>

<p><blockquote>The red roses flush up in her cheeks . . . <BR> Likce crimson dyed in <i>grain.</i></blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p>— <col><b>To go against the grain of</b></col> (a person), <cd>to be repugnant to; to vex, irritate, mortify, or trouble.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Grain</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Grained</u> (gr&amacr;nd); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Graining.</u>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To paint in imitation of the grain of wood, marble, etc.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To form (powder, sugar, etc.) into grains.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To take the hair off (skins); to soften and raise the grain of (leather, etc.).</def></p>

<p><hw>Grain</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [F. <i>grainer</i>, <i>grener.</i> See <u>Grain</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To yield fruit.</def> [Obs.] <i>Gower.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To form grains, or to assume a granular form, as the result of crystallization; to granulate.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grain</hw> (gr&amacr;n), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Groin</u> a part of the body.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A branch of a tree; a stalk or stem of a plant.</def> [Obs.] <i>G. Douglas.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A tine, prong, or fork.</def> Specifically: <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>One the branches of a valley or of a river.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <i>pl.</i> <def>An iron fish spear or harpoon, having four or more barbed points.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A blade of a sword, knife, etc.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Founding)</i> <def>A thin piece of metal, used in a mold to steady a core.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grained</hw> (gr&amacr;nd), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Having a grain; divided into small particles or grains; showing the grain; hence, rough.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Dyed in grain; ingrained.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Persons lightly dipped, not <i>grained</i>, in generous honesty, are but pale in goodness. </blockquote> <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Painted or stained in imitation of the grain of wood, marble, etc.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Having tubercles or grainlike processes, as the petals or sepals of some flowers.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grain"er</hw> (gr&amacr;n"&etilde;r), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>An infusion of pigeon's dung used by tanners to neutralize the effects of lime and give flexibility to skins; — called also <i>grains</i> and <i>bate.</i></def> </p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A knife for taking the hair off skins.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>One who paints in imitation of the grain of wood, marble, etc.; also, the brush or tool used in graining.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grain"field`</hw> (-f&emacr;ld`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A field where grain is grown.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grain"ing</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Indentation; roughening; milling, as on edges of coins.</def> <i>Locke.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A process in dressing leather, by which the skin is softened and the grain raised.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Painting or staining, in imitation of the grain of wood, stone, etc.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Soap Making)</i> <def>The process of separating soap from spent lye, as with salt.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grain"ing</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A small European fresh-water fish (<i>Leuciscus vulgaris</i>); - - called also <i>dobule</i>, and <i>dace</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grains</hw> (gr&amacr;nz), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>See 5th <u>Grain</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, 2 <sd><i>(b)</i></sd>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Pigeon's dung used in tanning. See <u>Grainer.</u> <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, 1.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grain"y</hw> (gr&amacr;n"&ybreve;), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Resembling grains; granular.</def></p>

<p><hw>Graip</hw> (gr&amacr;p), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Perh. akin to grope, gripe.] <def>A dungfork.</def> [Scot.] <i>Burns.</i></p>

<p><hw>Graith</hw> (gr&amacr;th), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [Obs.] <def>See <u>Greith.</u></def> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Graith</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Furniture; apparatus or accouterments for work, traveling, war, etc.</def> [Scot.] <i>Jamieson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gra"kle</hw> (gr&abreve;k"'l), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>See <u>Grackle.</u></def></p>

<p><hw>||Gral"l&aelig;</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr. L. <i>grallae</i> stilts, for <i>gradulae</i>, fr. <i>gradus.</i> See <u>Grade.</u>] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>An order of birds which formerly included all the waders. By later writers it is usually restricted to the sandpipers, plovers, and allied forms; — called also <i>Grallatores.</i></def></p>

<p><hw>||Gral"la*to"res</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL. from L. <i>grallator</i> one who runs on stilts.] <i>(Zo\94l.)</i> <def>See <u>Grall&aelig;</u>.</def> </p>

<p><hw>Gral`la*to"ri*al</hw> (?), <hw>Gral"la*to*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to the Grallatores, or waders.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gral"lic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Pertaining to the Grall&aelig;.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gral"line</hw> (l&imacr;n), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to the Grall&aelig;.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gral"loch</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Offal of a deer.</def> — <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To remove the offal from (a deer).</def></p>

<p><hw>-gram</hw> (?). [Gr. ? a thing drawn or written, a letter, fr. <grk>gra`fein</grk> to draw, write. See <u>Graphic.</u>] <def>A suffix indicating something drawn or written, a drawing, writing; — as, monogram, telegram, chronogram.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gram</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [AS. gram; akin to E. grim. &radic;35.] <def>Angry.</def> [Obs.] <i>Havelok, the Dane.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gram</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Pg. <i>gr?o</i> grain. See <u>Grain.</u>] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The East Indian name of the chick- pea (<i>Cicer arietinum</i>) and its seeds; also, other similar seeds there used for food.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gram</hw>, <hw>Gramme</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>gramme</i>, from Gr. ? that which is written, a letter, a small weight, fr. ? to write. See <u>Graphic.</u>] <def>The unit of weight in the metric system. It was intended to be exactly, and is very nearly, equivalent to the weight in a vacuum of one cubic centimeter of pure water at its maximum density. It is equal to 15.432 grains. See <u>Grain</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, 4.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Gram degree</b></col>, or <col><b>Gramme degree</b></col> <i>(Physics)</i>, <cd>a unit of heat, being the amount of heat necessary to raise the temperature of one gram of pure water one degree centigrade.</cd> — <col><b>Gram equivalent</b></col> <i>(Electrolysis)</i>, <cd>that quantity of the metal which will replace one gram of hydrogen.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Gra"ma grass`</hw> (?). [Sp. <i>grama</i> a sort of grass.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The name of several kinds of pasture grasses found in the Western United States, esp. the <i>Bouteloua oligostachya</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gram"a*rye</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>gramer</i>, <i>grameri</i>, <i>gramori</i>, grammar, magic, OF. <i>gramaire</i>, F. <i>grammaire.</i> See <u>Grammar.</u>] <def>Necromancy; magic.</def> <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gra*mash"es</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [See <u>Gamashes.</u>] <def>Gaiters reaching to the knee; leggings.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Strong gramashes, or leggings of thick gray cloth.</blockquote> <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><hw>Grame</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Gram</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Anger; wrath; scorn.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Sorrow; grief; misery.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gra*mer"cy</hw> (?), <pos><i>interj.</i></pos> [F. <i>grand- merci</i>. See <u>Grand</u>, and <u>Mercy.</u>] <def>A word formerly used to express thankfulness, with surprise; many thanks.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Gramercy, Mammon, said the gentle knight.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><! p. 644 !></p>

<p><hw>Gram"i*na"ceous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>gramen</i>, <i>graminis</i>, grass.] <def>Pertaining to, or resembling, the grasses; gramineous; as, <i>graminaceous</i> plants.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gra*min"e*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Gramineous.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gra*min"e*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>gramineus</i>, fr. <i>gramen</i>, <i>graminis</i>, grass.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Like, Or pertaining to, grass. See <u>Grass</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, 2.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gram"i*ni*fo"li*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>gramen</i>, <i>graminis</i>, grass + <i>folium</i> leaf.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Bearing leaves resembling those of grass.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gram"i*niv"o*rous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>gramen</i>, <i>graminis</i>, grass + <i>vorare</i> to eat greedily.] <def>Feeding or subsisting on grass, and the like food; — said of horses, cattle, and other animals.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gram"ma*logue</hw> (gr&abreve;m"m&adot;*l&obreve;g), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>gra`mma</grk> letter + <grk>lo`gos</grk> word. Cf. <u>Logogram</u>.] <i>(Phonography)</i> <def>Literally, a <i>letter word</i>; a word represented by a logogram; as, <i>it</i>, represented by |, that is, <i>t</i>.</def> <i>Pitman.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gram"mar</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>gramere</i>, OF. <i>gramaire</i>, F. <i>grammaire</i> Prob. fr. L. <i>gramatica</i> Gr &?;, fem. of &?; skilled in grammar, fr. &?; letter. See <u>Gramme</u>, <u>Graphic</u>, and cf. <u>Grammatical</u>, <u>Gramarye</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The science which treats of the principles of language; the study of forms of speech, and their relations to one another; the art concerned with the right use and application of the rules of a language, in speaking or writing.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The whole fabric of grammar rests upon the classifying of words according to their function in the sentence. <i>Bain.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The art of speaking or writing with correctness or according to established usage; speech considered with regard to the rules of a grammar.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The original bad <i>grammar</i> and bad spelling.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A treatise on the principles of language; a book containing the principles and rules for correctness in speaking or writing.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>treatise on the elements or principles of any science; as, a grammar of geography.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Comparative grammar</b></col>, <cd>the science which determines the relations of kindred languages by examining and comparing their grammatical forms.</cd> — <col><b>Grammar school</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>A school, usually endowed, in which Latin and Greek grammar are taught, as also other studies preparatory to colleges or universities; as, the famous Rugby <i>Grammar School</i>. This use of the word is more common in England than in the United States.</cd></p>

<p><blockquote>When any town shall increase to the number of a hundred<BR> families or householders, they shall set up a <i>grammar</i> school, the master thereof being able to instruct youth so far as they may be fitted for the University.</blockquote> <i>Mass. Records (1647).</i></p>

<p><sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>In the American system of graded common schools an intermediate grade between the primary school and the high school, in which the principles of English grammar are taught.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Gram"mar</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To discourse according to the rules of grammar; to use grammar.</def> [Obs.] <i>Beau. & Fl.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gram*ma"ri*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>grammairien</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One versed in grammar, or the construction of languages; a philologist.</def></p>

<p>&fist; "The term was used by the classic ancients as a term of honorable distinction for all who were considered learned in any art or faculty whatever." <i>Brande & C.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>One who writes on, or teaches, grammar.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gram*ma"ri*an*ism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The principles, practices, or peculiarities of grammarians.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Gram"mar*less</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Without grammar.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gram"mates</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [From Gr. &?; letters, written rules.] <def>Rudiments; first principles, as of grammar.</def> [Obs.] <i>Ford.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gram*mat"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Grammatical.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gram*mat"ic*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>grammaticus</i>, <i>grammaticalis</i>; Gr. &?; skilled in grammar, knowing one's letters, from &?; a letter: cf. F. <i>grammatical</i>. See <u>Grammar</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Of or pertaining to grammar; of the nature of grammar; as, a grammatical rule.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>According to the rules of grammar; grammatically correct; as, the sentence is not <i>grammatical</i>; the construction is not <i>grammatical.</i></def></p>

<p>—<wf>Gram*mat"ic*al*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Gram*mat"ic*al*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Gram*mat"icas"ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [LL.] <def>A petty grammarian; a grammatical pedant or pretender.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>My noble Neophite, my little <i>grammaticaster</i>.</blockquote> <i>B. Jonson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gram*mat"i*ca"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A principle of grammar; a grammatical rule.</def> [Obs.] <i>Dalgarno.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gram*mat"i*cism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A point or principle of grammar.</def> <i>Abp. Leighton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gram*mat"i*cize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Grammaticized</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Grammaticizing</u> (?).] <def>To render grammatical.</def> <i>Fuller.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gram"ma*tist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>grammatista</i> schoolmaster, Gr. &?;, from &?; to teach the letters, to be a scribe: cf. F. <i>grammatiste</i>. See <u>Grammatical</u>.] <def>A petty grammarian.</def> [R] <i>Tooke.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gramme</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Same as Gram the weight.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gramme" ma*chine"</hw> (?). <i>(Elec.)</i> <def>A kind of dynamo-electric machine; — so named from its French inventor, M. <i>Gramme</i>.</def> <i>Knight.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gram"pus</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Grampuses</b></plw> (#). [Probably corrupted from It. <i>gran pesce</i> great fish, or Sp. <i>gran pez</i>, or Pg. <i>gran peixe</i>, all fr. L. <i>grandis piscis</i>. See <u>Grand</u>, and <u>Fish</u>. the animal.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A toothed delphinoid cetacean, of the genus <i>Grampus</i>, esp. <i>G. griseus</i> of Europe and America, which is valued for its oil. It grows to be fifteen to twenty feet long; its color is gray with white streaks. Called also <i>cowfish</i>. The California grampus is <i>G. Stearnsii</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A kind of tongs used in a bloomery.</def> [U.S.]</p>

<p>{ <hw>Gra*nade"</hw> (?), <hw>Gra*na"do</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Grenade</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Gran`a*dil"la</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Sp., dim. of <i>granada</i> pomegranate. See <u>Grenade</u>, <u>Garnet</u>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The fruit of certain species of passion flower (esp. <i>Passiflora quadrangularis</i>) found in Brazil and the West Indies. It is as large as a child's head, and is a good dessert fruit. The fruit of <i>Passiflora edulis</i> is used for flavoring ices.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gran"a*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Granaries</b></plw> (#). [L. <i>granarium</i>, fr. <i>granum</i> grain. See <u>Garner</u>.] <def>A storehouse or repository for grain, esp. after it is thrashed or husked; a cornhouse; also (Fig.), a region fertile in grain.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The exhaustless <i>granary</i> of a world.</blockquote> <i>Thomson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gran"ate</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Garnet</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gra*na"tin</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>granatum</i> the pomegranate.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Mannite; — so called because found in the pomegranate.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gran"a*tite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Staurolite</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grand</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<pos><i>Compar.</i></pos> <u>Grander</u> (?); <pos><i>superl.</i></pos> <u>Grandest</u>.] [OE. <i>grant</i>, <i>grount</i>, OF. <i>grant</i>, F. <i>grand</i>, fr. L. <i>grandis</i>; perh. akin to gravis heavy, E. <i>grave</i>, a. Cf. <u>Grandee</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Of large size or extent; great; extensive; hence, relatively great; greatest; chief; principal; as, a <i>grand</i> mountain; a <i>grand</i> army; a <i>grand</i> mistake.</def> "Our <i>grand</i> foe, Satan." <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Making so bold . . . to unseal<BR> Their <i>grand</i> commission.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Great in size, and fine or imposing in appearance or impression; illustrious, dignifled, or noble (said of persons); majestic, splendid, magnificent, or sublime (said of things); as, a <i>grand</i> monarch; a <i>grand</i> lord; a <i>grand</i> general; a <i>grand</i> view; a <i>grand</i> conception.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>They are the highest models of expression, the unapproached<BR> masters of the <i>grand</i> style.</blockquote> <i>M. Arnold. </i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Having higher rank or more dignity, size, or importance than other persons or things of the same name; as, a <i>grand</i> lodge; a <i>grand</i> vizier; a <i>grand</i> piano, etc.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Standing in the second or some more remote degree of parentage or descent; — generalIy used in composition; as, grandfather, grandson, grandchild, etc.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>What cause<BR>
Mov'd our <i>grand</i> parents, in that happy state,<BR>
Favor'd of Heaven so highly, to fall off<BR>
From their Creator.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Grand action</b></col>, <cd>a pianoforte action, used in grand pianos, in which special devices are employed to obtain perfect action of the hammer in striking and leaving the string.</cd> — <col><b>Grand Army of the Republic</b></col>, <cd>an organized voluntary association of men who served in the Union army or navy during the civil war in the United States. The order has chapters, called <i>Posts</i>, throughout the country.</cd> — <col><b>Grand cross</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>The highest rank of knighthood in the Order of the Bath.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>A knight grand cross.</cd> — <col><b>Grand cordon</b></col>, <cd>the cordon or broad ribbon, identified with the highest grade in certain honorary orders; hence, a person who holds that grade.</cd> — <col><b>Grand days</b></col> <i>(Eng. Law)</i>, <cd>certain days in the terms which are observed as holidays in the inns of court and chancery (Candlemas, Ascension, St. John Baptist's, and All Saints' Days); called also <i>Dies non juridici</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Grand duchess</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>The wife or widow of a grand duke</cd>. <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>A lady having the sovereignty of a duchy in her own right.</cd> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <cd>In Russia, a daughter of the Czar.</cd> — <col><b>Grand duke</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>A sovereign duke, inferior in rank to a king; as, the Grand Duke of Tuscany.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>In Russia, a son of the Czar.</cd> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <cd>The European great horned owl or eagle owl (<i>Bubo maximas</i>).</cd> — <col><b>Grand- guard</b></col>, or <col><b>Grandegarde</b></col>, <cd>a piece of plate armor used in tournaments as an extra protection for the left shoulder and breast.</cd> — <col><b>Grand juror</b></col>, <cd>a member of a grand jury.</cd> — <col><b>Grand jury</b></col> <i>(Law)</i>, <cd>a jury of not less than twelve men, and not more than twenty-three, whose duty it is, in private session, to examine into accusations against persons charged with crime, and if they see just cause, then to find bills of indictment against them, to be presented to the court; — called also <i>grand inquest</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Grand juryman</b></col>, <cd>a grand juror.</cd> — <col><b>Grand larceny</b></col>. <i>(Law)</i> <cd>See under <u>Larceny</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Grand lodge</b></col>, <cd>the chief lodge, or governing body, among Freemasons and other secret orders.</cd> — <col><b>Grand master</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>The head of one of the military orders of knighthood, as the Templars, Hospitallers, etc.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>The head of the order of Freemasons or of Good Templars, etc.</cd> — <col><b>Grand paunch</b></col>, <cd>a glutton or gourmand.</cd> [Obs.] <i>Holland.</i> — <col><b>Grand pensionary</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Pensionary</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Grand piano</b></col> <i>(Mus.)</i>, <cd>a large piano, usually harp-shaped, in which the wires or strings are generally triplicated, increasing the power, and all the mechanism is introduced in the most effective manner, regardless of the size of the instrument.</cd> — <col><b>Grand relief</b></col> <cd><i>(Sculp.)</i>, alto relievo.</cd> — <col><b>Grand Seignior</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Seignior</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Grand stand</b></col>, <cd>the principal stand, or erection for spectators, at a, race course, etc.</cd> — <col><b>Grand vicar</b></col> <i>(Eccl.)</i>, <cd>a principal vicar; an ecclesiastical delegate in France.</cd> — <col><b>Grand vizier</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Vizier</u>.</cd></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Magnificent; sublime; majestic; dignified; elevated; stately; august; pompous; lofty; eralted; noble. — Grand, Magnificent, Sublime. <i>Grand</i>, in reference to objects of taste, is applied to that which expands the mind by a sense of vastness and majesty; <i>magnificent</i> is applied to anything which is imposing from its splendor; <i>sublime</i> describes that which is awful and elevating. A cataract is <i>grand</i>; a rich and varied landscape is <i>magnificent</i>; an overhanging precipice is sublime. "<i>Grandeur a</i>dmits of degrees and modifications; but <i>magnificence</i> is that which has already reached the highest degree of superiority naturally belonging to the object in question." <i>Crabb.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gran"dam</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>grande</i>, fem. of grand + dame. See <u>Grand</u>, and <u>Dame</u>.] <def>An old woman; specifically, a grandmother.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Grand"aunt"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>grand'tante</i>.] <def>The aunt of one's father or mother.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grand"child"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A son's or daughter's child; a child in the second degree of descent.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grand"daugh"ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The daughter of one's son or daughter.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grand"-du"cal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to a grand duke.</def> <i>H. James.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gran*dee"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Sp. <i>grande</i>. See <u>Grand</u>.] <def>A man of elevated rank or station; a nobleman. In Spain, a nobleman of the first rank, who may be covered in the king's presence.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gran*dee"ship</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The rank or estate of a grandee; lordship.</def> <i>H. Swinburne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gran"deur</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., fr. <i>grand</i>. See <u>Grand</u>.] <def>The state or quality of being grand; vastness; greatness; splendor; magnificence; stateliness; sublimity; dignity; elevation of thought or expression; nobility of action.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Nor doth this <i>grandeur</i> and majestic show<BR> Of luxury . . . allure mine eye.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Sublimity; majesty; stateliness; augustness; loftiness. See <u>Sublimity</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Gran*dev"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>grandaevitas</i>.] <def>Great age; long life.</def> [Obs.] <i>Glanvill.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gran*de"vous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>grandaevus</i>; grandig grand+ <i>aevum</i> lifetime, age.] <def>Of great age; aged; longlived.</def> [R.] <i>Bailey.</i></p>

<p><hw>Grand"fa"ther</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A father's or mother's father; an ancestor in the next degree above the father or mother in lineal ascent.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Grandfather longlegs</b></col>. <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <cd>See <u>Daddy longlegs</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Grand"fa"ther*ly</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Like a grandfather in age or manner; kind; benignant; indulgent.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He was a <i>grandfatherly</i> sort of personage.</blockquote> <i>Hawthorne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gran*dif"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>grandificus</i>; grandis <i>grand</i> + <i>facere</i> to make.] <def>Making great.</def> [R.] <i>Bailey.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gran*dil"o*quence</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The use of lofty words or phrases; bombast; — usually in a bad sense.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The sin of <i>grandiloquence</i> or tall talking.</blockquote> <i>Thackeray,</i></p>

<p><hw>Gran*dil"o*quent</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>grandis</i> grand + <i>logui</i> to speak.] <def>Speaking in a lofty style; pompous; bombastic.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gran*dil"o*quous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>grandiloquus</i>; <i>grandis</i> grand + <i>loqui</i> to apeak.] <def>Grandiloquent.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gran"di*nous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>grandinosus</i>, fr. <i>qrando</i>, <i>grandinis</i>, hail.] <def>Consisting of hail; abounding in hail.</def> [R.] <i>Bailey.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gran"di*ose"</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [F. <i>grandiose</i>, It. <i>grandioso</i>. See <u>Grand</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Impressive or elevating in effect; imposing; splendid; striking; — in a good sense.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The tone of the parts was to be perpetually kept down in order not to impair the <i>grandiose</i> effect of the whole.</blockquote> <i>M. Arnold.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>grandiose</i> red tulips which grow wild.</blockquote> <i>C. Kingsley.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Characterized by affectation of grandeur or splendor; flaunting; turgid; bombastic; — in a bad sense; as, a grandiose style.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gran"di*os"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>grandiosit&eacute;</i>, It. <i>grandiosit&agrave;</i>.] <def>The state or quality of being grandiose,</def></p>

<p><hw>Grand"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>granditas</i>: cf. OF. <i>granit&eacute;</i>. See <u>Grand</u>.] <def>Grandness.</def> [Obs.] <i>Camden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Grand"ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a grand manner.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Grand"ma"</hw> (?), <hw>Grand"mam*ma"</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A grandmother.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grand" mer"cy</hw> (?). <def>See <u>Gramercy</u>.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Grand"moth"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The mother of one's father or mother.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grand"moth"er*ly</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Like a grandmother in age or manner; kind; indulgent.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grand"neph"ew</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The grandson of one's brother or sister.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grand"ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Grandeur.</def> <i>Wollaston.</i></p>

<p><hw>Grand"niece"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The granddaughter of one's brother or sister.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Grand"pa"</hw> (?), <hw>Grand"pa*pa"</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A grandfather.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grand"sire"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>grantsire</i>. See <u>Grand</u>, and <u>Sire</u>.] <def>Specifically, a grandfather; more generally, any ancestor.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grand"son"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A son's or daughter's son.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grand"un"cle</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>grand- oncle</i>.] <def>A father's or mother's uncle.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grane</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. & n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Groan</u>.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Grange</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>grange</i> barn, LL. <i>granea</i>, from L. <i>granum</i> grain. See <u>Grain</u> a kernel.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A building for storing grain; a granary.</def> [Obs.] <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A farmhouse, with the barns and other buildings for farming purposes.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>And eke an officer out for to ride,<BR> To see her <i>granges</i> and her bernes wide.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Nor burnt the <i>grange</i>, nor bussed the milking maid.</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A farmhouse of a monastery, where the rents and tithes, paid in grain, were deposited.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>A farm; generally, a farm with a house at a distance from neighbors.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>An association of farmers, designed to further their interests, and particularly to bring producers and consumers, farmers and manufacturers, into direct commercial relations, without intervention of middlemen or traders. The first grange was organized in 1867.</def> [U. S.]</p>

<p><hw>Gran"ger</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A farm steward.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A member of a grange.</def> [U. S.]</p>

<p><hw>Gran"ger*ism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [So called from the Rev. James <i>Granger</i>, whose "Biographical History of England" (1769) was a favorite book for illustration in this manner.] <def>The practice of illustrating a particular book by engravings collected from other books.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gran"ger*ite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who collects illustrations from various books for the decoration of one book.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gran"ger*ize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t. & i.</i></pos> <def>To collect (illustrations from books) for decoration of other books.</def> <i>G. A. Sala.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gra*nif"er*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>qranifer</i>; <i>granum</i> grain + <i>ferre</i> to bear: cf. F. <i>granif&egrave;re</i>.] <def>Bearing grain, or seeds like grain.</def> <i>Humble.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gran"i*form</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>granum</i> grain + <i>-form</i>; cf. F. <i>graniforme</i>.] <def>Formed like of corn.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Gra*nil"la</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Sp., small seed.] <def>Small grains or dust of cochineal or the coccus insect.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gran"ite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [It. <i>granito</i> granite, adj., grainy, p. p. of <i>granire</i> to make grainy, fr. L. <i>granum</i> grain; cf. F. <i>granit</i>. See <u>Grain</u>.] <i>(Geol.)</i> <def>A crystalline, granular rock, consisting of quartz, feldspar, and mica, and usually of a whitish, grayish, or flesh-red color. It differs from gneiss in not having the mica in planes, and therefore in being destitute of a schistose structure.</def></p>

<p>&fist; Varieties containing hornblende are common. See also the <u>Note</u> under <u>Mica</u>.</p>

<p><! p. 645 !></p>

<p><col><b>Gneissoid granite</b></col>, <cd>granite in which the mica has traces of a regular arrangement.</cd> — <col><b>Graphic granite</b></col>, <cd>granite consisting of quartz and feldspar without mica, and having the quartz crystals so arranged in the transverse section like oriental characters.</cd> — <col><b>Porphyritic granite</b></col>, <cd>granite containing feldspar in distinct crystals.</cd> — <col><b>Hornblende granite</b></col>, or <col><b>Syenitic granite</b></col>, <cd>granite containing hornblende as well as mica, or, according to some authorities hornblende replacing the mica.</cd> — <col><b>Granite ware</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>A kind of stoneware.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>A Kind of ironware, coated with an enamel resembling granite.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Gran"ite State</hw>. <def>New Hampshire; — a nickname alluding to its mountains, which are chiefly of granite.</def><BR> [Webster 1913 Suppl.]</p>

<p><hw>Gra*nit"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. granitique.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Like granite in composition, color, etc.; having the nature of granite; as, granitic texture.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Consisting of granite; as, granitic mountains.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gra*nit"ic*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Granitic.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gra*nit`i*fi*ca"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Granite</i> + L. <i>-ficare</i> (in comp.) to make. See <u>- fy</u>.] <def>The act or the process of forming into granite.</def> <i>Humble.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gra*nit"i*form</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Granite</i> + <i>-form</i>.] <i>(Geol.)</i> <def>Resembling granite in structure or shape.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gran"i*toid</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Granite</i> + <i>-oid</i>: cf. F. <i>granito&iuml;de</i>.] <def>Resembling granite in granular appearance; as, <i>granitoid</i> gneiss; a <i>granitoid</i> pavement.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gra*niv"o*rous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>granum</i> grain + <i>vorare</i> to devour: cf. F. <i>granivore</i>.] <def>Eating grain; feeding or subsisting on seeds; as, granivorous birds.</def> <i>Gay.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gran"nam</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A grandam.</def> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><hw>Gran"ny</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A grandmother; a grandam; familiarly, an old woman.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Granny's bend</b></col>, or <col><b>Granny's knot</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>a kind of insecure knot or hitch; a reef knot crossed the wrong way.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Gran`o*lith"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>granum</i> a grain (or E. <i>granite</i>) + <i>-lith + -ic</i>.] <def>A kind of hard artificial stone, used for pavements.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grant</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Granted</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Granting</u>.] [OE. <i>graunten</i>, <i>granten</i>, OF. <i>graanter</i>, <i>craanter</i>, <i>creanter</i>, to promise, yield, LL. <i>creantare</i> to promise, assure, for (assumed LL.) credentare to make believe, fr. L. <i>credens</i>, <i>p. pr.</i> of credere to believe. See <u>Creed</u>, <u>Credit</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To give over; to make conveyance of; to give the possession or title of; to convey; — usually in answer to petition.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Grant</i> me the place of this threshing floor.</blockquote> <i>1 Chrcn. xxi. 22.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To bestow or confer, with or without compensation, particularly in answer to prayer or request; to give.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Wherefore did God <i>grant</i> me my request.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To admit as true what is not yet satisfactorily proved; to yield belief to; to allow; to yield; to concede.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Grant</i> that the Fates have firmed by their decree.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b>— To give; confer; bestow; convey; transfer; admit; allow; concede. See <u>Give</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Grant</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To assent; to consent.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Grant</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>grant</i>, <i>graunt</i>, OF. <i>graant</i>, <i>creant</i>, promise, assurance. See <u>Grant</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of granting; a bestowing or conferring; concession; allowance; permission.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The yielding or admission of something in dispute.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>The thing or property granted; a gift; a boon.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Law)</i> <def>A transfer of property by deed or writing; especially, au appropriation or conveyance made by the government; as, a <i>grant</i> of land or of money; also, the deed or writing by which the transfer is made.</def></p>

<p>&fist; Formerly, in English law, the term was specifically applied to transfrrs of incorporeal hereditaments, expectant estates, and letters patent from government and such is its present application in some of the United States. But now, in England the usual mode of transferring realty is by <i>grant</i>; and so, in some of the United States, the term <i>grant</i> is applied to conveyances of every kind of real property. <i>Bouvier. Burrill.</i></p>

<p><hw>Grant"a*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Capable of being granted.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gran*tee"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Law)</i> <def>The person to whom a grant or conveyance is made.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>His grace will not survive the poor <i>grantee</i> he despises.</blockquote> <i>Burke.</i></p>

<p><hw>Grant"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who grants.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grant"or</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Law)</i> <def>The person by whom a grant or conveyance is made.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gran"u*lar</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>granulaire</i>. See <u>Granule</u>.] <def>Consisting of, or resembling, grains; as, a granular substance.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Granular limestone</b></col>, <cd>crystalline limestone, or marble, having a granular structure.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Gran"u*lar*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a granular form.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gran"u*la*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Granular.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gran"u*late</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Granulated</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Granulating</u> (?).] [See <u>Granule</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To form into grains or small masses; as, to granulate powder, sugar, or metal.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To raise in granules or small asperities; to make rough on the surface.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gran"u*late</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To collect or be formed into grains; as, cane juice <i>granulates</i> into sugar.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Gran"u*late</hw> (?), <hw>Gran"u*la`ted</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Consisting of, or resembling, grains; crystallized in grains; granular; as, <i>granulated</i> sugar.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Having numerous small elevations, as shagreen.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Granulated steel</b></col>, <cd>a variety of steel made by a particular process beginning with the granulation of pig iron.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Gran`u*la"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>granulation</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act or process of forming or crystallizing into grains; as, the <i>granulation</i> of powder and sugar.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The state of being granulated.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Med.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>One of the small, red, grainlike prominences which form on a raw surface (that of wounds or ulcers), and are the efficient agents in the process of healing.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The act or process of the formation of such prominences.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gran"ule</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>granulum</i>, dim. of granum grain: cf. F. <i>granule</i>. See <u>Grain</u> a kernel.] <def>A little grain a small particle; a pellet.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gran`u*lif"er*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Granule</i> + <i>-ferous</i>.] <def>Full of granulations.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gra*nu"li*form</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Granule</i> + <i>-form</i>.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>Having a granular structure; granular; as, granuliform limestone.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gran"u*lite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From <u>Granule</u>.] <i>(Geol.)</i> <def>A whitish, granular rock, consisting of feldspar and quartz intimately mixed; — sometimes called whitestone, and leptynite.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gran"u*lose`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From <u>Granule</u>.] <i>(Physiol. Chem.)</i> <def>The main constituent of the starch grain or granule, in distinction from the framework of cellulose. Unlike cellulose, it is colored blue by iodine, and is converted into dextrin and sugar by boiling acids and amylolytic ferments.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gran"u*lous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>granuleux</i>.] <def>Full of grains; abounding with granular substances; granular.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grape</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>grape</i>, <i>crape</i>, bunch or cluster of grapes, F. <i>grappe</i>, akin to F. grappin grapnel, hook; fr. OHG. chrapfo hook, G. <i>krapfen</i>, akin to E. <i>cramp</i>. The sense seems to have come from the idea of clutching. Cf. <u>Agraffe</u>, <u>Cramp</u>, <u>Grapnel</u>, <u>Grapple</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A well-known edible berry growing in pendent clusters or bunches on the grapevine. The berries are smooth-skinned, have a juicy pulp, and are cultivated in great quantities for table use and for making wine and raisins.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The plant which bears this fruit; the grapevine.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Man.)</i> <def>A mangy tumor on the leg of a horse.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Mil.)</i> <def>Grapeshot.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Grape borer</b></col>. <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <cd>See <u>Vine borer</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Grape curculio</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a minute black weevil (<i>Craponius in&aelig;qualis</i>) which in the larval state eats the interior of grapes.</cd> — <col><b>Grape flower</b></col>, or <col><b>Grape hyacinth</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>a liliaceous plant (<i>Muscari racemosum</i>) with small blue globular flowers in a dense raceme.</cd> — <col><b>Grape fungus</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>a fungus (<i>Oidium Tuckeri</i>) on grapevines; vine mildew.</cd> — <col><b>Grape hopper</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a small yellow and red hemipterous insect, often very injurious to the leaves of the grapevine.</cd> — <col><b>Grape moth</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a small moth (<i>Eudemis botrana</i>), which in the larval state eats the interior of grapes, and often binds them together with silk.</cd> — <col><b>Grape of a cannon</b></col>, <cd>the cascabel or knob at the breech.</cd> — <col><b>Grape sugar</b></col>. <cd>See <u>Glucose</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Grape worm</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the larva of the grape moth.</cd> — <col><b>Sour grapes</b></col>, <cd>things which persons affect to despise because they can not possess them; — in allusion to &AElig;sop's fable of the fox and the grapes.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Grape" fruit`</hw>. <def>The shaddock.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grape"less</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Wanting grapes or the flavor of grapes.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grap"er*y</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A building or inclosure used for the cultivation of grapes.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grape"shot`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Mil.)</i> <def>A cluster, usually nine in number, of small iron balls, put together by means of cast-iron circular plates at top and bottom, with two rings, and a central connecting rod, in order to be used as a charge for a cannon. Formerly grapeshot were inclosed in canvas bags.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grape"stone`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A seed of the grape.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grape"vine`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A vine or climbing shrub, of the genus <i>Vitis</i>, having small green flowers and lobed leaves, and bearing the fruit called <i>grapes</i>.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The common grapevine of the Old World is <i>Vitis vinifera</i>, and is a native of Central Asia. Another variety is that yielding small seedless grapes commonly called <i>Zante currants</i>. The northern <i>Fox grape</i> of the United States is the <i>V. Labrusca</i>, from which, by cultivation, has come the <i>Isabella</i> variety. The southern <i>Fox grape</i>, or <i>Muscadine</i>, is the <i>V. vulpina</i>. The <i>Frost grape</i> is <i>V. cordifolia</i>, which has very fragrant flowers, and ripens after the early frosts.</p>

<p><hw>-graph</hw> (-gr&adot;f) [From Gr. <grk>gra`fein</grk> to write. See <u>Graphic</u>.] A suffix signifying <i>something written</i>, <i>a writing</i>; also, <i>a writer</i>; as auto<i>graph</i>, crysto<i>graph</i>, tele<i>graph</i>, photo<i>graph</i>.</p>

<p>{ <hw>Graph"ic</hw> (gr&abreve;f"&ibreve;k), <hw>Graph"ic*al</hw> (-&ibreve;*k<i>a</i>l) }, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>graphicus</i>, Gr. <grk>grafiko`s</grk>, fr. <grk>gra`fein</grk> to write; cf. F. <i>graphique</i>. See <u>Graft</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Of or pertaining to the arts of painting and drawing.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Of or pertaining to the art of writing.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Written or engraved; formed of letters or lines.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The finger of God hath left an inscription upon all his works, not graphical, or composed of letters.</blockquote> <i>Sir T. Browne. </i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Well delineated; clearly and vividly described.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>Having the faculty of, or characterized by, clear and impressive description; vivid; as, a <i>graphic</i> writer.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Graphic algebra</b></col><cd>, a branch of algebra in which, the properties of equations are treated by the use of curves and straight lines.</cd> — <col><b>Graphic arts</b></col>, <cd>a name given to those fine arts which pertain to the representation on a flat surface of natural objects; as distinguished from music, etc., and also from sculpture.</cd> — <col><b>Graphic formula</b></col>. <i>(Chem.)</i> <cd>See under <u>Formula</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Graphic granite</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Granite</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Graphic method</b></col>, <cd>the method of scientific analysis or investigation, in which the relations or laws involved in tabular numbers are represented to the eye by means of curves or other figures; as the daily changes of weather by means of curves, the abscissas of which represent the hours of the day, and the ordinates the corresponding degrees of temperature.</cd> — <col><b>Graphical statics</b></col> <i>(Math.)</i>, <cd>a branch of statics, in which the magnitude, direction, and position of forces are represented by straight lines — <col><b>Graphic tellurium</b></col>.</cd> <cd>See <u>Sylvanite</u>.</cd>></p>

<p><hw>Graph"ic*al*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a graphic manner; vividly.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Graph"ic*ness</hw>, <hw>Graph"ic*al*ness</hw>, } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality or state of being graphic.</def></p>

<p><hw>Graph"ics</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The art or the science of drawing; esp. of drawing according to mathematical rules, as in perspective, projection, and the like.</def></p>

<p><hw>Graph"i*scope</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Graphoscope</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Graph"ite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>gra`fein</grk> to write: cf. F. <i>graphite</i>. See <u>Graphic</u>.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>Native carbon in hexagonal crystals, also foliated or granular massive, of black color and metallic luster, and so soft as to leave a trace on paper. It is used for pencils (improperly called <i>lead pencils</i>), for crucibles, and as a lubricator, etc. Often called <i>plumbago</i> or <i>black lead</i>.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Graphite battery</b></col> <i>(Elec.)</i>, <cd>a voltaic battery consisting of zinc and carbon in sulphuric acid, or other exciting liquid.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Gra*phit"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pertaining to, containing, derived from, or resembling, graphite.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Graphitic acid</b></col> <i>(Chem.)</i>, <cd>an organic acid, so called because obtained by the oxidation of graphite; — usually called <i>mellitic acid</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Graphitic carbon</b></col>, <cd>in iron or steel, that portion of the carbon which is present as graphite.</cd> <i>Raymond.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Graph"i*toid</hw> (?), <hw>Graph"i*toid"al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Resembling graphite or plumbago.</def></p>

<p><hw>Graph"o*lite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>gra`fein</grk> to write + <i>-lite</i>: cf. F. <i>grapholithe</i>.] <def>Any species of slate suitable to be written on.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gra*phol"o*gy</hw> (gr&adot;*f&obreve;l"&osl;*j&ybreve;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>gra`fein</grk> to write + <i>- logy</i>: cf. F. <i>graphologie</i>.] <def>The art of judging of a person's character, disposition, and aptitude from his handwriting.</def></p>

<p><hw>Graph"o*scope</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>gra`fein</grk> to write + <i>-scope</i>.] <def>An optical instrument for magnifying engravings, photographs, etc., usually having one large lens and two smaller ones.</def></p>

<p><hw>Graph"o*type</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>gra`fein</grk> to write + <i>-type</i>.] <i>(Engraving)</i> <def>A process for producing a design upon a surface in relief so that it can be printed from. Prepared chalk or oxide of zinc is pressed upon a smooth plate by a hydraulic press, and the design is drawn upon this in a peculiar ink which hardens the surface wherever it is applied. The surface is then carefully rubbed or brushed, leaving the lines in relief.</def></p>

<p><hw>-gra*phy</hw> (?). [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; write. See <u>Graphic</u>.] <def>A suffix denoting the art of writing or describing; also, the writing or description itself; a treatise; as, calligraphy, biography, geography.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grap"nel</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>grapenel</i>, dim. fr. F. <i>grappin t</i>he grapple of a ship; of German origin. See <u>Grape</u>.] <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>A small anchor, with four or five flukes or claws, used to hold boats or small vessels; hence, any instrument designed to grapple or hold; a grappling iron; a grab; — written also <i>grapline</i>, and <i>crapnel</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grap"ple</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Grappled</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Grappling</u> (?).] [F. <i>grappiller</i>, OF. <i>graypil</i> the grapple of a ship, fr. <i>graper</i> to pluck, prop., to seize, clutch; of German origin. See <u>Grape</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To seize; to lay fast hold of; to attack at close quarters: as, to grapple an antagonist.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To fasten, as with a grapple; to fix; to join indissolubly.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The gallies were <i>grappled</i> to the Centurion.</blockquote> <i>Hakluyt.</i></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Grapple</i> them to thy soul with hoops of steel.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Grap"ple</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To use a grapple; to contend in close fight; to attach one's self as if by a grapple, as in wrestling; to close; to seize one another.</def></p>

<p><col><b>To grapple with</b></col>, <cd>to enter into contest with, resolutely and courageously.</cd></p>

<p><blockquote>And in my standard bear the arms of York,<BR> To <i>grapple</i> with the house of Lancaster.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Grap"ple</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See Grapple, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>, and cf. Crapple.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A seizing or seizure; close hug in contest; the wrestler's hold.</def> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>An instrument, usually with hinged claws, for seizing and holding fast to an object; a grab.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>A grappling iron.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The iron hooks and <i>grapples</i> keen.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Grapple plant</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>a South African herb (<i>Herpagophytum leptocarpum</i>) having the woody fruits armed with long hooked or barbed thorns by which they adhere to cattle, causing intense annoyance.</cd> — <col><b>Grapple shot</b></col> <i>(Life-saving Service)</i>, <cd>a projectile, to which are attached hinged claws to catch in a ship's rigging or to hold in the ground; - - called also <i>anchor shot</i>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Grapple*ment</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A grappling; close fight or embrace.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><! p. 646 !></p>

<p><hw>Grap"pling</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A laying fast ho1d of; also, that by which anything is seized and held, a grapnel.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A grapple; a struggle. A match for yards in fight, in grappling for the bear.</def> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Grappling iron</b></col>, <cd>a hooked iron used for grappling and holding fast a vessel or other object.</cd> — <col><b>Grappling tongs</b></col>, <cd>broad-mouthed tongs for gathering oysters.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Grap"soid</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [NL. Grapsus + <i>- oid</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Pertaining to the genus Grapsus or the family <u>Grapsid&aelig;</u>.</def> — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A grapsoid crab.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grap"to*lite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL, Graptolithus, from Gr. &?; is engraved, written (<grk>gra`fein</grk> to write) + &?; stone.] <i>(Paleon.)</i> <def>One of numerous species of slender and delicate fossils, of the genus <i>Graptolites</i> and allied genera, found in the Silurian rocks. They belong to an extinct group (<i>Graptolithina</i>) supposed to be hydroids.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grap"to*lit`ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to graptolites; containing graptolites; as, a graptolitic slate.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grap"y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Composed of, or resembling, grapes.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>grapy</i> clusters.</blockquote> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><hw>Grasp</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Grasper</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Qraspine</u>.] [OE. <i>graspen</i>; prob. akin to LG. grupsen, or to E. grope. Cf. <u>Grab</u>, <u>Grope</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To seize and hold by clasping or embracing with the fingers or arms; to catch to take possession of.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Thy hand is made to <i>grasp</i> a palmer's staff.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To lay hold of with the mind; to become thoroughly acquainted or conversant with; to comprehend.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grasp</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To effect a grasp; to make the motion of grasping; to clutch; to struggle; to strive.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>As one that <i>grasped</i> And tugged for life and was by strength subdued.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><col><b>To grasp at</b></col>, <cd>to catch at; to try to seize; as, Alexander grasped at universal empire,</cd></p>

<p><hw>Grasp</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A gripe or seizure of the hand; a seizure by embrace, or infolding in the arms.</def> "The grasps of love." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Reach of the arms; hence, the power of seizing and holding; as, it was beyond his grasp.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Forcible possession; hold.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The whole space that's in the tyrant's <i>grasp</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Wide-reaching power of intellect to comprehend subjects and hold them under survey.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The foremost minds of the next . . . era were not, in power of <i>grasp</i>, equal to their predecessors.</blockquote> <i>Z. Taylor.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>The handle of a sword or of an oar.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grasp"a*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Capable of being grasped.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grasp"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who grasps or seizes; one who catches or holds.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grasp"ing</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Seizing; embracing; catching.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Avaricious; greedy of gain; covetous; close; miserly; as, he is a grasping man.</def> — <wf>Grasp"ing*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Grasp"ing*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Grasp"less</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Without a grasp; relaxed.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>From my graspless hand Drop friendship's precious pearls.</blockquote> <i>Coleridge.</i></p>

<p><hw>Grass</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>gras</i>, <i>gres</i>, <i>gers</i>, AS, <i>gr&aelig;s</i>, <i>g&aelig;rs</i>; akin to OFries. <i>gres</i>, <i>gers</i>, OS., D., G., Icel., & Goth. <i>gras</i>, Dan. <i>gr&aelig;s</i>, Sw. <i>gr&auml;s</i>, and prob. to E. <i>green</i>, <i>grow</i>. Cf. <u>Graze</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Popularly: Herbage; the plants which constitute the food of cattle and other beasts; pasture.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>An endogenous plant having simple leaves, a stem generally jointed and tubular, the husks or glumes in pairs, and the seed single.</def></p>

<p>&fist; This definition includes wheat, rye, oats, barley, etc., and excludes clover and some other plants which are commonly called by the name of <i>grass</i>. The grasses form a numerous family of plants.</p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>The season of fresh grass; spring.</def> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Two years old next <i>grass</i>.</blockquote> <i>Latham.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Metaphorically used for what is transitory.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Surely the people is <i>grass</i>.</blockquote> <i>Is. xl. 7.</i></p>

<p>&fist; The following list includes most of the grasses of the United States of special interest, except cereals. Many of these terms will be found with definitions in the Vocabulary. See Illustrations in Appendix.</p>

<p>Barnyard grass, <cd>for hay. South. <i>Panicum Grus- galli</i>.</cd></p>

<p>Bent, <cd>pasture and hay. <i>Agrostis</i>, several species.</cd></p>

<p>Bermuda grass, <cd>pasture. South. <i>Cynodon Dactylon</i>.</cd></p>

<p>Black bent. <cd>Same as <i>Switch grass</i> (below).</cd></p>

<p>Blue bent, <cd>hay. North and West. <i>Andropogon provincialis</i>.</cd></p>

<p>Blue grass, <cd>pasture. <i>Poa compressa</i>.</cd></p>

<p>Blue joint, <cd>hay. Northwest. <i>Aqropyrum glaucum</i>.</cd></p>

<p>Buffalo grass, grazing. Rocky Mts., etc. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd><i>Buchlo&euml; dectyloides</i></cd>. <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>Same as <i>Grama grass</i> (below).</cd> </p>

<p>Bunch grass, <cd>grazing. Far West. <i>Eriocoma</i>, <i>Festuca</i>, <i>Stips</i>, etc.</cd></p>

<p>Chess, or Cheat, <cd>a weed. <i>Bromus secalinus</i>, etc.</cd></p>

<p>Couch grass. <cd>Same as <i>Quick grass</i> (below).</cd></p>

<p>Crab grass, <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>Hay, in South. A weed, in North. <i>Panicum sanguinale</i>.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>Pasture and hay. South. <i>Eleusine Indica</i>.</cd></p>

<p>Darnel <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>Bearded, a noxious weed. <i>Lolium temulentum</i>.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>Common. Same as <i>Rye grass</i> (below).</cd></p>

<p>Drop seed, <cd>fair for forage and hay. <i>Muhlenbergia</i>, several species.</cd></p>

<p>English grass. <cd>Same as <i>Redtop</i> (below).</cd></p>

<p>Fowl meadow grass. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>Pasture and hay. <i>Poa serotina</i>.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>Hay, on moist land. <i>Gryceria nervata</i>.</cd></p>

<p>Gama grass, <cd>cut fodder. South. <i>Tripsacum dactyloides</i>.</cd></p>

<p> Grama grass, <cd>grazing. West and Pacific slope. <i>Bouteloua oligostachya</i>, etc.</cd></p>

<p>Great bunch grass, <cd>pasture and hay. Far West. <i>Festuca scabrella</i>.</cd></p>

<p>Guinea grass, <cd>hay. South. <i>Panicum jumentorum</i>.</cd></p>

<p>Herd's grass, <cd>in New England <i>Timothy</i>, in Pennsylvania and South <i>Redtop</i>.</cd></p>

<p>Indian grass. <cd>Same as <i>Wood grass</i> (below).</cd></p>

<p>Italian rye grass, <cd>forage and hay. <i>Lolium Italicum</i>.</cd></p>

<p>Johnson grass, <cd>grazing and hay. South and Southwest. <i>Sorghum Halepense</i>.</cd></p>

<p>Kentucky blue grass, <cd>pasture. <i>Poa pratensis</i>.</cd></p>

<p>Lyme grass, <cd>coarse hay. South. <i>Elymus</i>, several species.</cd></p>

<p>Manna grass, <cd>pasture and hay. <i>Glyceria</i>, several species.</cd></p>

<p>Meadow fescue, <cd>pasture and hay. <i>Festuca elatior</i>.</cd></p>

<p>Meadow foxtail, <cd>pasture, hay, lawn. North. <i>Alopecurus pratensis</i>.</cd></p>

<p>Meadow grass, <cd>pasture, hay, lawn. <i>Poa</i>, several species.</cd></p>

<p>Mesquite, or Muskit grass. <cd>Same as <i>Grama grass</i> (above).</cd> </p>

<p>Nimble Will, <cd>a kind of drop seed. <i>Muhlenbergia diffsa</i>.</cd></p>

<p>Orchard grass, <cd>pasture and hay. <i>Dactylis glomerata</i>.</cd></p>

<p>Porcupine grass, <cd>troublesome to sheep. Northwest. <i>Stipa spartea</i>.</cd></p>

<p>Quaking grass, <cd>ornamental. <i>Briza media</i> and <i>maxima</i>.</cd></p>

<p>Quitch, or Quick, grass, <cd>etc., a weed. <i>Agropyrum repens</i>.</cd></p>

<p>Ray grass. <cd>Same as <i>Rye grass</i> (below).</cd></p>

<p>Redtop, <cd>pasture and hay. <i>Agrostis vulgaris</i>.</cd></p>

<p>Red-topped buffalo grass, <cd>forage. Northwest. <i>Poa tenuifolia</i>.</cd></p>

<p>Reed canary grass, <cd>of slight value. <i>Phalaris arundinacea</i>.</cd></p>

<p>Reed meadow grass, <cd>hay. North. <i>Glyceria aquatica</i>.</cd></p>

<p>Ribbon grass, <cd>a striped leaved form of <i>Reed canary grass</i>.</cd></p>

<p>Rye grass, <cd>pasture, hay. <i>Lolium perenne</i>, <i>var.</i></cd></p>

<p>Seneca grass, <cd>fragrant basket work, etc. North. <i>Hierochloa borealis</i>.</cd></p>

<p>Sesame grass. <cd>Same as <i>Gama grass</i> (above).</cd></p>

<p>Sheep's fescue, <cd>sheep pasture, native in Northern Europe and Asia. <i>Festuca ovina</i>.</cd></p>

<p>Small reed grass, <cd>meadow pasture and hay. North. <i>Deyeuxia Canadensis</i>.</cd></p>

<p>Spear grass, <cd>Same as <i>Meadow grass</i> (above).</cd></p>

<p>Squirrel-tail grass, <cd>troublesome to animals. Seacoast and Northwest. <i>Hordeum jubatum</i>.</cd></p>

<p>Switch grass, <cd>hay, cut young. <i>Panicum virgatum</i>.</cd></p>

<p>Timothy, <cd>cut young, the best of hay. North. <i>Phleum pratense</i>.</cd></p>

<p>Velvet grass, <cd>hay on poor soil. South. <i>Holcus lanatus</i>.</cd></p>

<p>Vernal grass, <cd>pasture, hay, lawn. <i>Anthoxanthum odoratum</i>.</cd></p>

<p>Wire grass, <cd>valuable in pastures. <i>Poa compressa</i>.</cd></p>

<p>Wood grass, Indian grass, <cd>hay. <i>Chrysopogon nutans</i>.</cd> </p>

<p>&fist; Many plants are popularly called grasses which are not true grasses botanically considered, such as black <i>grass</i>, goose <i>grass</i>, star <i>grass</i>, etc.</p>

<p><col><b>Black grass</b></col>, <cd>a kind of small rush (<i>Juncus Gerardi</i>), growing in salt marshes, used for making salt hay.</cd> — <col><b>Grass of the Andes</b></col>, <cd>an oat grass, the <i>Arrhenatherum avenaceum</i> of Europe.</cd>— <col><b>Grass of Parnassus</b></col>, <cd>a plant of the genus <i>Parnassia</i> growing in wet ground. The European species is <i>P. palustris</i>; in the United States there are several species.</cd> — <col><b>Grass bass</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the calico bass.</cd> — <col><b>Grass bird</b></col>, <cd>the dunlin.</cd> — <col><b>Grass cloth</b></col>, <cd>a cloth woven from the tough fibers of the grass-cloth plant.</cd> — <col><b>Grass-cloth plant</b></col>, <cd>a perennial herb of the Nettle family (<i>B&oelig;hmeria nivea or Urtica nivea</i>), which grows in Sumatra, China, and Assam, whose inner bark has fine and strong fibers suited for textile purposes.</cd> — <col><b>Grass finch</b></col>. <cd><i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> A common American sparrow (<i>Po&ouml;c&aelig;tes gramineus</i>); — called also <i>vesper sparrow</i> and <i>bay-winged bunting</i>. <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> Any Australian finch, of the genus <i>Po&euml;phila</i>, of which several species are known.</cd> — <col><b>Grass lamb</b></col>, <cd>a lamb suckled by a dam running on pasture land and giving rich milk.</cd>— <col><b>Grass land</b></col>, <cd>land kept in grass and not tilled.</cd> — <col><b>Grass moth</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>one of many small moths of the genus <i>Crambus</i>, found in grass.</cd> — <col><b>Grass oil</b></col>, <cd>a fragrant essential volatile oil, obtained in India from grasses of the genus <i>Andropogon</i>, etc.; — used in perfumery under the name of <i>citronella</i>, <i>ginger grass oil</i>, <i>lemon grass oil</i>, <i>essence of verbena</i> etc.</cd> — <col><b>Grass owl</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, a <cd>South African owl (<i>Strix Capensis</i>).</cd> — <col><b>Grass parrakeet</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, a<cd>ny of several species of Australian parrots, of the genus <i>Euphemia</i>; — also applied to the zebra parrakeet.</cd> — <col><b>Grass plover</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, t<cd>he upland or field plover.</cd> — <col><b>Grass poly</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, a <cd>species of willowwort (<i>Lythrum Hyssopifolia</i>).</cd> <i>Johnson.</i> — <col><b>Crass quit</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>one of several tropical American finches of the genus <i>Euetheia</i>. The males have most of the head and chest black and often marked with yellow.</cd> — <col><b>Grass snake</b></col>. <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>The common English, or ringed, snake (<i>Tropidonotus natrix</i>).</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>The common green snake of the Northern United States. See <i>Green snake</i>, under <u>Green</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Grass snipe</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the pectoral sandpiper (<i>Tringa maculata</i>); — called also <i>jacksnipe</i> in America.</cd> — <col><b>Grass spider</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a common spider (<i>Agelena n&aelig;via</i>), which spins flat webs on grass, conspicuous when covered with dew.</cd> — <col><b>Grass sponge</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>an inferior kind of commercial sponge from Florida and the Bahamas.</cd> — <col><b>Grass table</b></col>. <cd><i>(Arch.)</i> See <i>Earth table</i>, under <u>Earth</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Grass vetch</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>a vetch (<i>Lathyrus Nissolia</i>), with narrow grasslike leaves.</cd> — <col><b>Grass widow</b></col>. [Cf. Prov. R. an unmarried mother, G. <i>strohwittwe</i> a mock widow, Sw. <i>gr&auml;senka</i> a grass widow.] <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>An unmarried woman who is a mother.</cd> [Obs.] <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>A woman separated from her husband by abandonment or prolonged absence; a woman living apart from her husband.</cd> [Slang.] — <col><b>Grass wrack</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i> <cd>eelgrass.</cd> — <col><b>To bring to grass</b></col> <i>(Mining.)</i>, <cd>to raise, as ore, to the surface of the ground.</cd> — <col><b>To put to grass</b></col>, <col><b>To put out to grass</b></col>, <cd>to put out to graze a season, as cattle.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Grass</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Grassed</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Grassing</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To cover with grass or with turf.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To expose, as flax, on the grass for bleaching, etc.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To bring to the grass or ground; to land; as, to grass a fish.</def> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><hw>Grass</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To produce grass.</def> [R.] <i>Tusser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gras*sa"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>grassatio</i>, from grassari to go about.] <def>A wandering about with evil intentions; a rioting.</def> [Obs. & R.] <i>Feltham.</i></p>

<p><hw>Grass"-green`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Green with grass.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Of the color of grass; clear and vivid green.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grass"-grown`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Overgrown with grass; as, a grass-grown road.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grass"hop`per</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any jumping, orthopterous insect, of the families <i>Acridid&aelig;</i> and <i>Locustid&aelig;</i>. The species and genera are very numerous. The former family includes the Western grasshopper or locust (<i>Caloptenus spretus</i>), noted for the great extent of its ravages in the region beyond the Mississippi. In the Eastern United States the red-legged (<i>Caloptenus femurrubrum</i> and <i>C. atlanis</i>) are closely related species, but their ravages are less important. They are closely related to the migratory locusts of the Old World. See <u>Locust</u>.</def> </p>

<p>&fist; The meadow or green grasshoppers belong to the <i>Locustid&aelig;</i>. They have long antenn&aelig;, large ovipositors, and stridulating organs at the base of the wings in the male. The European great green grasshopper (<i>Locusta viridissima</i>) belongs to this family. The common American green species mostly belong to <i>Xiphidium</i>, <i>Orchelimum</i>, and <i>Conocephalus</i>.</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>In ordinary square or upright pianos of London make, the escapement lever or jack, so made that it can be taken out and replaced with the key; — called also the <i>hopper.</i></def> <i>Grove.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Grasshopper engine</b></col>, <cd>a steam engine having a working beam with its fulcrum at one end, the steam cylinder at the other end, and the connecting rod at an intermediate point.</cd> — <col><b>Grasshopper lobster</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <cd>a young lobster.</cd> [Local, U. S.] — <col><b>Grasshopper warbler</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>cricket bird.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Grass"i*ness</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From Grassy.] <def>The state of abounding with grass; a grassy state.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grass"less</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Destitute of grass.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grass"plot`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A plot or space covered with grass; a lawn.</def> "Here on this grassplot." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Grass" tree"</hw> (?). <i>(Bot.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>An Australian plant of the genus <i>Xanthorrh&oelig;a</i>, having a thick trunk crowned with a dense tuft of pendulous, grasslike leaves, from the center of which arises a long stem, bearing at its summit a dense flower spike looking somewhat like a large cat-tail. These plants are often called "blackboys" from the large trunks denuded and blackened by fire. They yield two kinds of fragrant resin, called <i>Botany-bay gum</i>, and <i>Gum Acaroides</i>.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A similar Australian plant (<i>Kingia australis</i>).</def></p>

<p><hw>Grass"y</hw> (?) <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Covered with grass; abounding with grass; as, a grassy lawn.</def> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Resembling grass; green.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grate</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. gratus agreeable, grateful: cf. It. & Sp. grato. See Grace, and cf. Agree.] <def>Serving to gratify; agreeable.</def> [Obs.] <i>Sir T. Herbert.</i></p>

<p><hw>Grate</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [LL. grata, fr. L. crates hurdle; or It. grata, of the same origin. Sae Crate, Hurdle.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A structure or frame containing parallel or crosed bars, with interstices; a kind of latticework, such as is used ia the windows of prisons and cloisters.</def> "A secret grate of iron bars." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A frame or bed, or kind of basket, of iron bars, for holding fuel while burning.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Grate surface</b></col> <i>(Steam, Boiler)</i> <cd>the area of the surface of the grate upon which the fuel lies in the furnace.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Grate</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Grated</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. &. vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Grating</u>.] <def>To furnish with grates; to protect with a grating or crossbars; as, to grate a window.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grate</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [OF <i>grater</i> to scrape, scratch, F. <i>gratter</i>, LL. <i>gratare</i>, <i>cratare</i>; of German origin; cf. OHG. <i>chrazz&omacr;n</i> G. <i>kratzen</i>, D. <i>krassen</i>, Sw. <i>Kratta</i>, and perh. E. <i>scratch.</i>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To rub roughly or harshly, as one body against another, causing a harsh sound; as, to <i>grate</i> the teeth; to produce (a harsh sound) by rubbing.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>On their hinges <i>grate</i><BR> Harsh thunder.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To reduce to small particles by rubbing with anything rough or indented; as, to <i>grate</i> a nutmeg.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To fret; to irritate; to offend.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>News, my good lord Rome . . . <i>grates</i> me.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Grate</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To make a harsh sound by friction.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I had rather hear a brazen canstick turned,<BR> Or a dry wheel <i>grate</i> on the exletree.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To produce the effect of rubbing with a hard rough material; to cause wearing, tearing, or bruising. Hence; To produce exasperation, soreness, or grief; to offend by oppression or importunity.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>This <i>grated</i> harder upon the hearts of men.</blockquote> <i>South.</i></p>

<p>! p. 647 this page badly done — in need of careful proofing !></p>

<p><hw>Grat"ed</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [From 2d <u>Grate</u>.] <def>Furnished with a grate or grating; as, <i>grated</i> windows.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grate"ful</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Grate</i>, a. + <i>full</i>; cf. F. <i>gr&eacute;</i> thanks, good will, fr. L. <i>gratum</i>, neut. of <i>gratus</i> agreeable, grateful. See <u>Grate</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Having a due sense of benefits received; kindly disposed toward one from whom a favor has been received; willing to acknowledge and repay, or give thanks for, benefits; as, a <i>grateful</i> heart.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A <i>grateful</i> mind<BR> By owing, owes not, but still pays.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Affording pleasure; pleasing to the senses; gratifying; delicious; as, a <i>grateful</i> present; food <i>grateful</i> to the palate; <i>grateful</i> sleep.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Now golden fruits on loaded branches shine,<BR> And <i>grateful</i> clusters swell.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Thankful; pleasing; acceptable; gratifying; agreeable; welcome; delightful; delicious.</p>

<p>— <wf>Grate"ful*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Grate"ful*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Grat"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [From Qrate, v.] <def>One who, or that which, grates; especially, an instrument or utensil with a rough, indented surface, for rubbing off small particles of any substance; as a <i>grater</i> for nutmegs.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gra*tic"u*la"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>graticulation</i>, <i>craticulation</i>, fr. <i>graticuler</i>, <i>craticuler</i>, to square, fr. <i>graticule</i>, <i>craticule</i>, graticule, L. <i>craticula</i>, dim. of <i>crates</i> wickerwork. See 2d <u>Grate</u>.] <def>The division of a design or draught into squares, in order the more easily to reproduce it in larger or smaller dimensions.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grat"i*cule</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. See <u>Graticulation.</u>] <def>A design or draught which has been divided into squares, in order to reproduce it in other dimensions.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grat"i*fi*ca"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. gratificatio: cf. F. gratification.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of gratifying, or pleasing, either the mind, the taste, or the appetite; as, the <i>gratification</i> of the palate, of the appetites, of the senses, of the desires, of the heart.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>That which affords pleasure; satisfaction; enjoyment; fruition: delight.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A reward; a recompense; a gratuity. </def> <i>Bp. Morton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Grat"i*fied</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pleased; indulged according to desire.</def></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Glad; pleased. See <u>Glad.</u></p>

<p><hw>Grat"i*fi"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who gratifies or pleases.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grat"i*fy</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Gratified</u> (#); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Gratifying</u> (#).] [F. <i>gratifier</i>, L. <i>gratificari</i>; <i>gratus</i> pleasing + <i>-ficare</i> (in comp.) to make. See <u>- fy</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To please; to give pleasure to; to satisfy; to soothe; to indulge; as, to <i>gratify</i> the taste, the appetite, the senses, the desires, the mind, etc.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>For who would die to <i>gratify</i> a foe?</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To requite; to recompense.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>It remains . . . <BR> To <i>gratify</i> his noble service.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — To indulge; humor please; delight; requite; recompense. — To <u>Gratify</u>, <u>Indulge</u>, <u>Humor.</u> <i>Gratify</i>, is the generic term, and has reference simply to the pleasure communicated. To <i>indulge</i> a person implies that we concede something to his wishes or his weaknesses which he could not claim, and which had better, perhaps, be spared. To <i>humor</i> is to adapt ourselves to the varying moods, and, perhaps, caprices, of others. We <i>gratify</i> a child by showing him the sights of a large city; we <i>indulge</i> him in some extra expense on such an occasion; we <i>humor</i> him when he is tired and exacting.</p>

<p><hw>Grat"ing</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See 2d Grate.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A partition, covering, or frame of parallel or cross bars; a latticework resembling a window grate; as, the <i>grating</i> of a prison or convent.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Optics)</i> <def>A system of close equidistant and parallel lines lines or bars, especially lines ruled on a polished surface, used for producing spectra by diffraction; — called also <i>diffraction grating</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>pl.</i> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>The strong wooden lattice used to cover a hatch, admitting light and air; also, a movable Lattice used for the flooring of boats.</def><BR> [1913 Webster]</p>

<p><hw>Grat"ing</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See <u>Grate</u> to rub harshy.] <def>That grates; making a harsh sound; harsh.</def> — <wf>Grat"ing*ly</wf>, adv.</p>

<p><hw>Grat"ing</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A harsh sound caused by attrition.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gra*ti"o*lin</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>One of the essential principles of the hedge hyssop (<i>Gratiola officinalis</i>).</def></p>

<p><hw>Gra"tis</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> [L., contr. fr. <i>gratiis</i> out of favor or kindness, without recompense, for nothing, fr. <i>gratia</i> favor. See <u>Grace.</u>] <def>For nothing; without fee or recompense; freely; gratuitously.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grat"i*tude</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>gratitude</i>, LL. <i>gratitudo</i>, from <i>gratus</i> agreeable, grateful. See <u>Grate</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <def>The state of being grateful; warm and friendly feeling toward a benefactor; kindness awakened by a favor received; thankfulness.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The debt immense of endless <i>gratitude.</i></blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gra*tu"i*tous</hw> (?) <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>gratuitus</i>, from <i>gratus</i> pleasing. See <u>Grate</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>, <u>Gratis.</u>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Given without an equivalent or recompense; conferred without valuable consideration; granted without pay, or without claim or merit; not required by justice.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>We mistake the <i>gratuitous</i> blessings of Heaven for the fruits of our own industry.</blockquote> <i>L'Estrange.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Not called for by the circumstances; without reason, cause, or proof; adopted or asserted without any good ground; as, a <i>gratuitous</i> assumption.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Acts of <i>gratuitous</i> self- humiliation.</blockquote> <i>De Quincye.</i></p>

<p>— <wf>Gra*tu"i*tous*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Gra*tu"i*tous*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Gra*tu"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Gratuities</b></plw> (#). [F. <i>gratuit&eacute;</i>, or LL. <i>gratuitas</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Something given freely or without recompense; a free gift; a present.</def> <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Something voluntarily given in return for a favor or service, as a recompense or acknowledgment.</def> </p>

<p><hw>Grat"u*late</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Grqatulated</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Gratulating</u> (?).] [L. <i>gratulatus</i>, p. p. of <i>gratulari</i> to congratulate, fr. <i>gratus</i> pleasing, agreeable. See <u>Grate</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <def>To salute with declaration of joy; to congratulate.</def> [R.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Grat"u*late</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Worthy of gratulation.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>There's more behind that is more <i>gratulate</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Grat"u*la"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. gratulatio.] <def>The act of gratulating or felicitating; congratulation.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I shall turn my wishes into <i>gratulations.</i></blockquote> <i>South.</i></p>

<p><hw>Grat"u*la*to*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. gratulatorius.] <def>Expressing gratulation or joy; congratulatory.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The usual groundwork of such <i>gratulatory</i> odes.</blockquote> <i>Bp. Horsley.</i></p>

<p><hw>Graunt</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. & n.</i></pos> [Obs.] <def>See <u>Grant.</u></def> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Grau"wack*e</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [G.] <def>Graywacke.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Gra*va"men</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> L. <plw><b>Gravamina </b></plw> (#), E. <plw><b>Gravamens</b></plw> (#). [L., fr. <i>gravare</i> to load, burden, fr. <i>gravis</i> heavy, weighty. See <u>Grave</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <i>(Law)</i> <def>The grievance complained of; the substantial cause of the action; also, in general, the ground or essence of a complaint. Bouvier.</def></p>

<p><hw>-grave</hw> (?). <def>A final syllable signifying a ruler, as in landgrave, margrave. See <u>Margrave.</u></def></p>

<p><hw>Grave</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>To clean, as a vessel's bottom, of barnacles, grass, etc., and pay it over with pitch; — so called because <i>graves</i> or <i>greaves</i> was formerly used for this purpose.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grave</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<pos><i>Compar.</i></pos> <u>Graver</u> (gr&amacr;v"&etilde;r); <pos><i>superl.</i></pos> <u>Gravest.</u>] [F., fr. L. <i>gravis</i> heavy; cf. It. & Sp. <i>grave</i> heavy, grave. See <u>Grief.</u>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Of great weight; heavy; ponderous.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>His shield <i>grave</i> and great.</blockquote> <i>Chapman.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Of importance; momentous; weighty; influential; sedate; serious; — said of character, relations, etc.; as, <i>grave</i> deportment, character, influence, etc.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Most potent, <i>grave</i>, and reverend seigniors.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>A <i>grave</i> and prudent law, full of moral equity.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Not light or gay; solemn; sober; plain; as, a <i>grave</i> color; a <i>grave</i> face.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Mus.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>Not acute or sharp; low; deep; — said of sound; as, a <i>grave</i> note or key.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The thicker the cord or string, the more <i>grave</i> is the note or tone.</blockquote> <i>Moore (Encyc. of Music).</i></p>

<p><sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>Slow and solemn in movement.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Grave accent</b></col>. <i>(Pron.)</i> <cd>See the Note under <u>Accent</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, 2.</cd></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Solemn; sober; serious; sage; staid; demure; thoughtful; sedate; weighty; momentous; important. — <u>Grave</u>, <u>Sober</u>, <u>Serious</u>, <u>Solemn.</u> <i>Sober</i> supposes the absence of all exhilaration of spirits, and is opposed to gay or flighty; as, <i>sober</i> thought. <i>Serious</i> implies considerateness or reflection, and is opposed to jocose or sportive; as, <i>serious</i> and important concerns. <i>Grave</i> denotes a state of mind, appearance, etc., which results from the pressure of weighty interests, and is opposed to hilarity of feeling or vivacity of manner; as, a <i>qrave</i> remark; <i>qrave</i> attire. <i>Solemn</i> is applied to a case in which gravity is carried to its highest point; as, a <i>solemn</i> admonition; a <i>solemn</i> promise.</p>

<p><hw>Grave</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp.</i></pos> <u>Graved</u> (gr&amacr;vd); <pos><i>p. p.</i></pos> <u>Graven</u> (gr&amacr;v"'n) or <u>Graved</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Graving</u>.] [AS. <i>grafan</i> to dig, grave, engrave; akin to OFries. <i>greva</i>, D. <i>graven</i>, G. <i>graben</i>, OHG. & Goth. <i>graban</i>, Dan. <i>grabe</i>, Sw. <i>gr&auml;fva</i>, Icel. <i>grafa</i>, but prob. not to Gr. <grk>gra`fein</grk> to write, E. <i>graphic.</i> Cf. <u>Grave</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, <u>Grove</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To dig. [Obs.] Chaucer.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He hath <i>graven</i> and digged up a pit.</blockquote> <i>Ps. vii. 16 (Book of Common Prayer). </i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To carve or cut, as letters or figures, on some hard substance; to engrave.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Thou shalt take two onyx stones, and <i>grave</i> on them the names of the children of Israel.</blockquote> <i>Ex. xxviii. 9.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To carve out or give shape to, by cutting with a chisel; to sculpture; as, to <i>grave</i> an image.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>With gold men may the hearte <i>grave</i>.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To impress deeply (on the mind); to fix indelibly.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>O! may they graven in thy heart remain.</blockquote> <i>Prior.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>To entomb; to bury.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Lie full low, <i>graved</i> in the hollow ground.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Grave</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To write or delineate on hard substances, by means of incised lines; to practice engraving.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grave</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>gr?f</i>, fr. <i>grafan</i> to dig; akin to D. & OS. <i>graf</i>, G. <i>grab</i>, Icel. <i>gr&ouml;f</i>, Russ. <i>grob'</i> grave, coffin. See <u>Grave</u> to carve.] <def>An excavation in the earth as a place of burial; also, any place of interment; a tomb; a sepulcher. Hence: Death; destruction.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He bad lain in the <i>grave</i> four days.</blockquote> <i>John xi. 17.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Grave wax</b></col>, <cd>adipocere</cd>.</p>

<p><hw>Grave"clothes`</hw> (&?;), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> <def>The clothes or dress in which the dead are interred.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grave"dig`ger</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A digger of graves.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>See <i>Burying beetle</i>, under <u>Bury</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos></def></p>

<p><hw>Grav"el</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>gravele</i>, akin to F. <i>gr?ve</i> a sandy shore, strand; of Celtic origin; cf. Armor. <i>grouan</i> gravel, W. <i>gro</i> coarse gravel, pebbles, and Skr. <i>gr&amacr;van</i> stone.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Small stones, or fragments of stone; very small pebbles, often intermixed with particles of sand.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>A deposit of small calculous concretions in the kidneys and the urinary or gall bladder; also, the disease of which they are a symptom.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Gravel powder</b></col>, <cd>a coarse gunpowder; pebble powder.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Grav"el</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Graveled</u> (?) or <u>Gravelled</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Graveling</u> or <u>Gravelling</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To cover with gravel; as, to gravel a walk.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To run (as a ship) upon the gravel or beach; to run aground; to cause to stick fast in gravel or sand.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>When we were fallen into a place between two seas, they <i>graveled</i> the ship.</blockquote> <i>Acts xxvii. 41 (Rhemish version).</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Willam the Conqueror . . . chanced as his arrival to be <i>graveled</i>; and one of his feet stuck so fast in the sand that he fell to the ground.</blockquote> <i>Camden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To check or stop; to embarrass; to perplex.</def> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><blockquote>When you were <i>graveled</i> for lack of matter.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The physician was so <i>graveled</i> and amazed withal, that he had not a word more to say.</blockquote> <i>Sir T. North.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To hurt or lame (a horse) by gravel lodged between the shoe and foot.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grave"less</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Without a grave; unburied.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grav"el*ing</hw> (?), or <hw>Grav"el*ling</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of covering with gravel.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A layer or coating of gravel (on a path, etc.).</def></p>

<p><hw>Grav"el*ing</hw>, or <hw>Grav"el*ling</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A salmon one or two years old, before it has gone to sea.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grav"el*li*ness</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>State of being gravelly.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grav"el*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Abounding with gravel; consisting of gravel; as, a <i>gravelly</i> soil.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grav"el-stone"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A pebble, or small fragment of stone; a calculus.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grave"ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a grave manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grav"en</hw> (?), <pos><i>p. p.</i></pos> of <u>Grave</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>Carved.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Graven image</b></col>, <cd>an idol; an object of worship carved from wood, stone, etc.</cd> "Thou shalt not make unto thee any <i>graven image</i>." <i>Ex. xx. 4.</i></p>

<p><hw>Grave"ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality of being grave.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>His sables and his weeds,<BR> Importing health and <i>graveness</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gra"ven*stein"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [So called because it came from Gravenstein, a place in Schleswig. Downing.] <def>A kind of fall apple, marked with streaks of deep red and orange, and of excellent flavor and quality.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gra*ve"o*lence</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>graveolentia</i>: cf. F. <i>grav&eacute;olence.</i> See <u>Graveolent.</u>] <def>A strong and offensive smell; rancidity.</def> [R.] <i>Bailey.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gra*ve"o*lent</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>graveolens</i>; <i>gravis</i> heavy + <i>olere</i> to smell.] <def>Having a rank smell.</def> [R.] <i>Boyle.</i></p>

<p><hw>Graver</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who graves; an engraver or a sculptor; one whose occupation is te cut letters or figures in stone or other hard material.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>An ergraving or cutting tool; a burin.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grav"er*y</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The act, process, or art, of graving or carving; engraving.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Either of picture or <i>gravery</i> and embossing.</blockquote> <i>Holland.</i></p>

<p><hw>Graves</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> <def>The sediment of melted tallow. Same as <u>Greaves.</u></def></p>

<p><hw>Graves"' dis*ease"</hw> (?). [So called after Dr. <i>Graves</i>, of Dublin.] <def>Same as <u>Basedow's disease</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grave"stone</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A stone laid over, or erected near, a grave, usually with an inscription, to preserve the memory of the dead; a tombstone.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grave"yard"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A yard or inclosure for the interment of the dead; a cemetery.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grav"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pertaining to, or causing, gravitation; as, <i>gravic</i> forces; <i>gravic</i> attraction.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Grav"id</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>gravidus</i>, fr. <i>gravis</i> heavy, loaded. See <u>Grave</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <def>Being with child; heavy with young; pregnant; fruitful; as, a <i>gravid</i> uterus; <i>gravid</i> piety.</def> " His <i>gravid</i> associate." <i>Sir T. Herbert.</i></p>

<p><hw>Grav"i*da"ted</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>gravidatus</i>, p. p. of <i>gravidare</i> to load, impregnate. See <u>Gravid</u>.] <def>Made pregnant; big.</def> [Obs.] <i>Barrow.</i></p>

<p><hw>Grav"i*da"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Gravidity.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Gra*vid"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>graviditas.</i>] <def>The state of being gravidated; pregnancy.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Grav"i*grade</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. gravis heavy + gradus step.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Slow-paced.</def> — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One of the pachyderms.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gra*vim"e*ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>gravis</i> heavy + <i>-meter</i>: cf. F. <i>gravim&egrave;tre</i>.] <i>(Physics)</i> <def>An instrument for ascertaining the specific gravity of bodies.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grav"i*met"ric</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to measurement by weight; measured by weight.</def> — <wf>Grav"i*met"ric*al*ly</wf> (#), adv.</p>

<p><col><b>Gravimetric analysis</b></col> <i>(Chem.)</i>, <cd>analysis in which the amounts of the constituents are determined by weight; — in distinction from <i>volumetric analysis</i>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Grav"ing</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From <u>Grave</u> to clean.] <def>The act of cleaning a ship's bottom.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Graving dock</b></col>. <i>(Naut.)</i> <cd>See under Dock.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Grav"ing</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From <u>Grave</u> to dig.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act or art of carving figures in hard substances, esp. by incision or in intaglio.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>That which is graved or carved.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Skillful to . . . <i>grave</i> any manner of <i>graving</i>.</blockquote> <i>2 Chron. ii. 14.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Impression, as upon the mind or heart.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>New <i>gravings</i> upon their souls.</blockquote> <i>Eikon Basilike</i></p>

<p><hw>Grav"i*tate</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Gravitated</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Gravitating</u> (?).] [Cf. F. <i>graviter.</i> See <u>Gravity.</u>] <def>To obey the law of gravitation; to exert a force Or pressure, or tend to move, under the influence of gravitation; to tend in any direction or toward any object.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Why does this apple fall to the ground? Because all bodies <i>gravitate</i> toward each other.</blockquote> <i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Politicians who naturally <i>gravitate</i> towards the stronger party.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><hw>Grav"i*ta"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. gravitation. See Gravity.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of gravitating.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Pysics)</i> <def>That species of attraction or force by which all bodies or particles of matter in the universe tend toward each other; called also <i>attraction of gravitation</i>, <i>universal gravitation</i>, and <i>universal gravity</i>. See <u>Attraction</u>, and <u>Weight.</u></def></p>

<p><col><b>Law of gravitation</b></col>, <cd>that law in accordance with which gravitation acts, namely, that every two bodies or portions of matter in the universe attract each other with a force proportional directly to the quantity of matter they contain, and inversely to the squares of their distances.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Grav`i*tation*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Physics)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to the force of gravity; as, <i>gravitational</i> units.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gravi*ta*tive</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Causing to gravitate; tending to a center.</def> <i>Coleridge.</i></p>

<p><hw>Grav"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Gravities</b></plw> (#). [L. <i>gravitas</i>, fr. <i>gravis</i> heavy; cf. F. <i>gravit&eacute;</i>. See <u>Grave</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>, <u>Grief</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The state of having weight; beaviness; as, the <i>gravity</i> of lead.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Sobriety of character or demeanor.</def> "Men of <i>gravity</i> and learning." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p>! p. 648 needs proofing ##proof - especially italicized words (also in etymologies) are not properly marked !></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Importance, significance, dignity, etc; hence, seriousness; enormity; as, the <i>gravity</i> of an offense.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>They derive an importance from . . . the <i>gravity</i> of the place where they were uttered.</blockquote> <i>Burke.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Physics)</i> <def>The tendency of a mass of matter toward a center of attraction; esp., the tendency of a body toward the center of the earth; terrestrial gravitation.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <i>(Mus.)</i> <def>Lowness of tone; — opposed to acuteness.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Center of gravity</b></col> <cd>See under <u>Center</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Gravity battery</b></col>, <cd>See <u>Battery</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, 4.</cd> — <col><b>Specific gravity</b></col>, <cd>the ratio of the weight of a body to the weight of an equal volume of some other body taken as the standard or unit. This standard is usually water for solids and liquids, and air for gases. Thus, 19, the specific gravity of gold, expresses the fact that, bulk for bulk, gold is nineteen times as heavy as water.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Gra"vy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Gravies</b></plw> (#). [OE. <i>greavie</i>; prob. fr. <i>greaves</i>, <i>graves</i>, the sediment of melted tallow. See <u>Greaves</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The juice or other liquid matter that drips from flesh in cooking, made into a dressing for the food when served up.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Liquid dressing for meat, fish, vegetables, etc.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gray</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<pos><i>Compar.</i></pos> <u>Grayer</u> (&?;); <pos><i>superl.</i></pos> <u>Grayest</u>.] [OE. <i>gray</i>, grey, AS. <i>gr&aemacr;g</i>, <i>gr&emacr;g</i>; akin to D. <i>graauw</i>, OHG. <i>gr&amacr;o</i>, G. <i>grau</i>, Dan. <i>graa</i>, Sw. <i>gr&aring;</i>, Icel. <i>gr&amacr;r</i>.] [Written also <i>grey</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>White mixed with black, as the color of pepper and salt, or of ashes, or of hair whitened by age; sometimes, a dark mixed color; as, the soft <i>gray</i> eye of a dove.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>These <i>gray</i> and dun colors may be also produced by mixing whites and blacks.</blockquote> <i>Sir I. Newton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Gray-haired; gray-headed; of a gray color; hoary.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Old; mature; as, gray experience. Ames.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Gray antimony</b></col> <i>(Min.)</i>, <cd>stibnite.</cd> — <col><b>Gray buck</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the chickara.</cd> — <col><b>Gray cobalt</b></col> <i>(Min.)</i>, <cd>smaltite.</cd> — <col><b>Gray copper</b></col> <i>(Min.)</i>, <cd>tetrahedrite.</cd> — <col><b>Gray duck</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the gadwall; also applied to the female mallard.</cd> — <col><b>Gray falcon</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <cd>the peregrine falcon.</cd> — <col><b>Gray Friar</b></col>. <cd>See <u>Franciscan</u>, and <u>Friar</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Gray hen</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the female of the blackcock or black grouse. See <u>Heath grouse</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Gray mill or millet</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>a name of several plants of the genus <i>Lithospermum</i>; gromwell.</cd> — <col><b>Gray mullet</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <cd>any one of the numerous species of the genus <i>Mugil</i>, or family <i>Mugilid&aelig;</i>, found both in the Old World and America; as the European species (<i>M. capito</i>, and <i>M. auratus</i>), the American striped mullet (<i>M. albula</i>), and the white or silver mullet (<i>M. Braziliensis</i>). See <u>Mullet</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Gray owl</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd> the European tawny or brown owl (<i>Syrnium aluco</i>). The great gray owl (<i>Ulula cinerea</i>) inhabits arctic America.</cd> — <col><b>Gray parrot</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a parrot (<i>Psittacus erithacus</i>), very commonly domesticated, and noted for its aptness in learning to talk.</cd> — <col><b>Gray pike</b></col>. <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <cd>See <u>Sauger</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Gray snapper</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a Florida fish; the sea lawyer. See <u>Snapper</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Gray snipe</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the dowitcher in winter plumage.</cd> — <col><b>Gray whale</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a rather large and swift California whale (<i>Rhachianectes glaucus</i>), formerly taken in large numbers in the bays; — called also <i>grayback</i>, <i>devilfish</i>, and <i>hardhead</i>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Gray</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A gray color; any mixture of white and black; also, a neutral or whitish tint.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>An animal or thing of gray color, as a horse, a badger, or a kind of salmon.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Woe worth the chase, woe worth the day.<BR> That coats thy life, my gallant <i>gray</i>.</blockquote> <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gray"back`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The California gray whale.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The redbreasted sandpiper or knot.</def> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <def>The dowitcher.</def> <sd><i>(d)</i></sd> <def>The body louse.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gray"beard`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>An old man.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gray"fly`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The trumpet fly.</def> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gray"hound`</hw> (-hound`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>See <u>Greyhound</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gray"ish</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Somewhat gray.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gray"lag`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The common wild gray goose (<i>Anser anser</i>) of Europe, believed to be the wild form of the domestic goose. See <i>Illust</i>. of <u>Goose</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gray"ling</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From <u>Gray</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A European fish (<i>Thymallus vulgaris</i>), allied to the trout, but having a very broad dorsal fin; — called also <i>umber</i>. It inhabits cold mountain streams, and is valued as a game fish.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>And here and there a lusty trout,<BR> And here and there a grayling.</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>An American fish of the genus <i>Thymallus</i>, having similar habits to the above; one species (<i>T. Ontariensis</i>), inhabits several streams in Michigan; another (<i>T. montanus</i>), is found in the Yellowstone region.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gray"ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality of being gray.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gray"stone`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Geol.)</i> <def>A grayish or greenish compact rock, composed of feldspar and augite, and allied to basalt.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gray"wacke`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [G. <i>grauwacke</i>; <i>grau</i> gray + <i>wacke</i> wacke. See <u>Gray</u>, and <u>Wacke</u>, and cf. <u>Grauwacke</u>.] <i>(Geol.)</i> <def>A conglomerate or grit rock, consisting of rounded pebbles and sand firmly united together.</def></p>

<p>&fist; This term, derived from the <i>grauwacke</i> of German miners, was formerly applied in geology to different grits and slates of the Silurian series; but it is now seldom used.</p>

<p><hw>Graze</hw> (gr&amacr;z), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Grazed</u> (gr&amacr;zd); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Grazing</u>.] [OE. <i>grasen</i>, AS. <i>grasian</i>, fr. <i>gr&aelig;s</i> grass. See <u>Grass</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To feed or supply (cattle, sheep, etc.) with grass; to furnish pasture for.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A field or two to <i>graze</i> his cows.</blockquote> <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To feed on; to eat (growing herbage); to eat grass from (a pasture); to browse.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The lambs with wolves shall <i>graze</i> the verdant mead.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To tend (cattle, etc.) while grazing.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>When Jacob <i>grazed</i> his uncle Laban's sheep.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To rub or touch lightly the surface of (a thing) in passing; as, the bullet <i>grazed</i> the wall.</def></p>

<p><hw>Graze</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To eat grass; to feed on growing herbage; as, cattle <i>graze</i> on the meadows.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To yield grass for grazing.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The ground continueth the wet, whereby it will never <i>graze</i> to purpose.</blockquote> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To touch something lightly in passing.</def></p>

<p><hw>Graze</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of grazing; the cropping of grass.</def> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Turning him out for a <i>graze</i> on the common.</blockquote> <i>T. Hughes. </i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A light touch; a slight scratch.</def></p>

<p><hw>Graz"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One that grazes; a creature which feeds on growing grass or herbage.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The cackling goose,<BR> Close <i>grazer</i>, finds wherewith to ease her want.</blockquote> <i>J. Philips. </i></p>

<p><hw>Gra"zier</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who pastures cattle, and rears them for market.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The inhabitants be rather . . . <i>graziers</i> than plowmen.</blockquote> <i>Stow.</i></p>

<p><hw>Graz"ing</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of one who, or that which, grazes.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A pasture; growing grass.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Gra"zi*o"so</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> [It., adj. See <u>Gracious</u>.] (<i>Mus.</i>) <def>Gracefully; smoothly; elegantly.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gre</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Gree</u>, a step.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Gre</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Gree</u>, good will.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Grease</hw> (gr&emacr;s), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>grese</i>, <i>grece</i>, F. <i>graisse</i>; akin to <i>gras</i> fat, greasy, fr. LL. <i>grassus</i> thick, fat, gross, L. <i>crassus</i>. Cf. <u>Crass</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Animal fat, as tallow or lard, especially when in a soft state; oily or unctuous matter of any kind.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Far.)</i> <def>An inflammation of a horse's heels, suspending the ordinary greasy secretion of the part, and producing dryness and scurfiness, followed by cracks, ulceration, and fungous excrescences.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Grease bush</b></col>. <i>(Bot.)</i> <cd>Same as <i>Grease wood</i> (below).</cd> — <col><b>Grease moth</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a pyralid moth (<i>Aglossa pinguinalis</i>) whose larva eats greasy cloth, etc.</cd> — <col><b>Grease wood</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>a scraggy, stunted, and somewhat prickly shrub (<i>Sarcobatus vermiculatus</i>) of the Spinach family, very abundant in alkaline valleys from the upper Missouri to California. The name is also applied to other plants of the same family, as several species of <i>Atriplex</i> and <i>Obione</i>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Grease</hw> (gr&emacr;z <i>or</i> gr&emacr;s; 277), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Greased</u> (gr&emacr;zd <i>or</i> gr&emacr;sd); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Greasing</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To smear, anoint, or daub, with grease or fat; to lubricate; as, to grease the wheels of a wagon.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To bribe; to corrupt with presents.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>greased</i> advocate that grinds the poor.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To cheat or cozen; to overreach.</def> [Obs.] <i>Beau. & Fl.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Far.)</i> <def>To affect (a horse) with grease, the disease.</def></p>

<p><col><b>To grease in the hand</b></col>, <cd>to corrupt by bribes.</cd> <i>Usher.</i></p>

<p><hw>Greas"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who, or that which, greases; specifically, a person employed to lubricate the working parts of machinery, engines, carriages, etc.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A nickname sometimes applied in contempt to a Mexican of the lowest type.</def> [Low, U. S.]</p>

<p><hw>Greas"i*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>In a greasy manner.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>In a gross or indelicate manner.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>You talk <i>greasily</i>; your lips grow foul.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Greas"i*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality or state of being greasy, oiliness; unctuousness; grossness.</def></p>

<p><hw>Greas"y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<pos><i>Compar.</i></pos> <u>Greasier</u> (&?;); <pos><i>superl.</i></pos> <u>Greasiest</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Composed of, or characterized by, grease; oily; unctuous; as, a <i>greasy</i> dish.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Smeared or defiled with grease.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>With <i>greasy</i> aprons, rules, and hammers.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Like grease or oil; smooth; seemingly unctuous to the touch, as is mineral soapstone.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Fat of body; bulky.</def> [R.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>Gross; indelicate; indecent.</def> [Obs.] <i>Marston.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <i>(Far.)</i> <def>Affected with the disease called <i>grease</i>; as, the heels of a horse. See <u>Grease</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, 2.</def></p>

<p><hw>Great</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<pos><i>Compar.</i></pos> <u>Greater</u> (&?;); <pos><i>superl.</i></pos> <u>Greatest</u>.] [OE. <i>gret</i>, great, AS. <i>gre&aacute;t</i>; akin to OS. & LG. <i>gr&omacr;t</i>, D. <i>groot</i>, OHG. <i>gr&omacr;z</i>, G. <i>gross</i>. Cf. <u>Groat</u> the coin.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Large in space; of much size; big; immense; enormous; expanded; — opposed to <i>small</i> and <i>little</i>; as, a <i>great</i> house, ship, farm, plain, distance, length.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Large in number; numerous; as, a <i>great</i> company, multitude, series, etc.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Long continued; lengthened in duration; prolonged in time; as, a <i>great</i> while; a <i>great</i> interval.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Superior; admirable; commanding; — applied to thoughts, actions, and feelings.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>Endowed with extraordinary powers; uncommonly gifted; able to accomplish vast results; strong; powerful; mighty; noble; as, a <i>great</i> hero, scholar, genius, philosopher, etc.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>Holding a chief position; elevated: lofty: eminent; distinguished; foremost; principal; as, <i>great</i> men; the <i>great</i> seal; the <i>great</i> marshal, etc.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He doth object I am too <i>great</i> of birth.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <def>Entitled to earnest consideration; weighty; important; as, a <i>great</i> argument, truth, or principle.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>8.</b></sn> <def>Pregnant; big (with young).</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The ewes <i>great</i> with young.</blockquote> <i>Ps. lxxviii. 71.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>9.</b></sn> <def>More than ordinary in degree; very considerable in degree; as, to use <i>great</i> caution; to be in <i>great</i> pain.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>We have all<BR> <i>Great</i> cause to give <i>great</i> thanks.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>10.</b></sn> <i>(Genealogy)</i> <def>Older, younger, or more remote, by single generation; — often used before grand to indicate one degree more remote in the direct line of descent; as, great-grandfather (a grandfather's or a grandmother's father), great- grandson, etc.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Great bear</b></col> (<i>Astron.</i>), <cd>the constellation Ursa Major.</cd> — <col><b>Great cattle</b></col> (<i>Law</i>), <cd>all manner of cattle except sheep and yearlings.</cd> <i>Wharton.</i> — <col><b>Great charter</b></col> (<i>Eng. Hist.</i>), <cd>Magna Charta.</cd> — <col><b>Great circle of a sphere</b></col>, <cd>a circle the plane of which passes through the center of the sphere.</cd> — <col><b>Great circle sailing</b></col>, <cd>the process or art of conducting a ship on a great circle of the globe or on the shortest arc between two places.</cd> — <col><b>Great go</b></col>, <cd>the final examination for a degree at the University of Oxford, England; — called also <i>greats</i>.</cd> <i>T. Hughes.</i> — <col><b>Great guns</b></col>. <i>(Naut.)</i> <cd>See under Gun.</cd> — <col><b>The Great Lakes</b></col> <cd>the large fresh-water lakes (Lakes Superior, Michigan, Huron, Erie, and Ontario) which lie on the northern borders of the United States.</cd> — <col><b>Great master</b></col>. <cd>Same as <i>Grand master</i>, under <u>Grand</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Great organ</b></col> <i>(Mus.)</i>, <cd>the largest and loudest of the three parts of a grand organ (the others being the <i>choir organ</i> and the <i>swell</i>, and sometimes the <i>pedal organ</i> or foot keys), It is played upon by a separate keyboard, which has the middle position.</cd> — <col><b>The great powers</b></col> (of Europe), <cd>in modern diplomacy, Great Britain, France, Germany, Austria, Russia, and Italy.</cd> — <col><b>Great primer</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Type</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Great scale</b></col> (<i>Mus.</i>), <cd>the complete scale; — employed to designate the entire series of musical sounds from lowest to highest.</cd> — <col><b>Great sea</b></col>, <cd>the Mediterranean sea. In Chaucer both the Black and the Mediterranean seas are so called.</cd> — <col><b>Great seal</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>The principal seal of a kingdom or state.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>In Great Britain, the lord chancellor (who is custodian of this seal); also, his office.</cd> — <col><b>Great tithes</b></col>. <cd>See under Tithes.</cd> — <col><b>The great</b></col>, <cd>the eminent, distinguished, or powerful.</cd> — <col><b>The Great Spirit</b></col>, <cd>among the North American Indians, their chief or principal deity.</cd> — <col><b>To be great</b></col> (with one), <cd>to be intimate or familiar (with him).</cd> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><hw>Great</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The whole; the gross; as, a contract to build a ship by the <i>great</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Great"-bel`lied</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having a great belly; bigbellied; pregnant; teeming.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Great"coat"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>An overcoat.</def></p>

<p><hw>Great"en</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To make great; to aggrandize; to cause to increase in size; to expand.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>A minister's [business] is to <i>greaten</i> and exalt [his king].</blockquote> <i>Ken.</i></p>

<p><hw>Great"en</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To become large; to dilate.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>My blue eyes <i>greatening</i> in the looking- glass.</blockquote> <i>Mrs. Browning. </i></p>

<p><hw>Great"-grand"child`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The child of one's grandson or granddaughter.</def></p>

<p><hw>Great"-grand"daugh`ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Great</u>, 10.] <def>A daughter of one's grandson or granddaughter.</def></p>

<p><hw>Great"-grand"fa`ther</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Great</u>, 10.] <def>The father of one's grandfather or grandmother.</def></p>

<p><hw>Great"-grand"moth`er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The mother of one's grandfather or grandmother.</def></p>

<p><hw>Great"-grand"son`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Great</u>, 10.] <def>A son of one's grandson or granddaughter.</def></p>

<p><hw>Great"-heart`ed</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>High-spirited; fearless.</def> [Obs.] <i>Clarendon.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Generous; magnanimous; noble.</def></p>

<p><hw>Great"-heart`ed*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality of being greathearted; high-mindedness; magnanimity.</def></p>

<p><hw>Great"ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>In a great degree; much.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I will <i>greatly</i> multiply thy sorrow.</blockquote> <i>Gen. iii. 16.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Nobly; illustriously; magnanimously.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>By a high fate thou <i>greatly</i> didst expire.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Great"ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>gre&aacute;tnes</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The state, condition, or quality of being great; as, <i>greatness</i> of size, <i>greatness</i> of mind, power, etc.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Pride; haughtiness.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>It is not of pride or <i>greatness</i> that he cometh not aboard your ships.</blockquote> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><hw>Greave</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A grove.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Greave</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>grees</i>; cf. Sp. <i>grevas</i>.] <def>Armor for the leg below the knee; — usually in the plural.</def></p>

<p><hw>Greave</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Greaved</u> (gr&emacr;vd); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Greaving</u>.] [From <u>Greaves</u>.] (<i>Naut.</i>) <def>To clean (a ship's bottom); to grave.</def></p>

<p><hw>Greaves</hw> (gr&emacr;vz), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [Cf. dial. Sw. <i>grevar</i> greaves, LG. <i>greven</i>, G. <i>griebe</i>, also AS. <i>greofa</i> pot. Cf. <u>Gravy.</u>] <def>The sediment of melted tallow. It is made into cakes for dogs' food. In Scotland it is called <i>cracklings</i>.</def> [Written also <i>graves</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Grebe</hw> (gr&emacr;b), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>gr&egrave;be</i>, fr. Armor. <i>krib</i> comb; akin to <i>kriben</i> crest, W. <i>crib</i> comb, crest. So called in allusion to the crest of one species.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of several swimming birds or divers, of the genus <i>Colymbus</i> (formerly <i>Podiceps</i>), and allied genera, found in the northern parts of America, Europe, and Asia. They have strong, sharp bills, and lobate toes.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gre"cian"</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. <u>Greek.</u>] <def>Of or pertaining to Greece; Greek.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Grecian bend</b></col>, <cd>among women, an affected carriage of the body, the upper part being inclined forward.</cd> [Collog.] — <col><b>Grecian fire</b></col>. <cd>See <i>Greek fire</i>, under <u>Greek</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Gre"cian</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A native or naturalized inhabitant of Greece; a Greek.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A jew who spoke Greek; a Hellenist.</def> <i>Acts vi. 1.</i></p>

<p>&fist; The Greek word rendered <i>Grecian</i> in the Authorized Version of the New Testament is translated <i>Grecian Jew</i> in the Revised Version.</p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>One well versed in the Greek language, literature, or history.</def> <i>De Quincey.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gre"cism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>gr&eacute;cisme</i>.] <def>An idiom of the Greek language; a Hellenism.</def> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p>! p. 649 most of page has no marks in etymology or in "as" sections (italics not marked) !></p>

<p><hw>Gre"cize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Grecized</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Grecizing</u>.] [Cf. F. <i>gr&eacute;ciser</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To render Grecian; also, to cause (a word or phrase in another language) to take a Greek form; as, the name is <i>Grecized</i>.</def> <i>T. Warton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To translate into Greek.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gre"cize</hw>, <hw>Gre"cian*ize</hw> (&?;), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To conform to the Greek custom, especially in speech.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gre"co-Ro"man</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having characteristics that are partly Greek and partly Roman; as, <i>Greco- Roman</i> architecture.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Grecque</hw> (gr&ebreve;k), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F.] <def>An ornament supposed to be of Greek origin, esp. a fret or meander.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gree</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>gr&eacute;</i>. See Grateful, and cf. <u>Agree.</u>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Good will; favor; pleasure; satisfaction; — used esp. in such phrases as: to take in <i>gree</i>; to accept in <i>gree</i>; that is, to take favorably.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Accept in <i>gree</i>, my lord, the words I spoke.</blockquote> <i>Fairfax.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Rank; degree; position.</def> [Obs. or Scot.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>He is a shepherd great in <i>gree</i>.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>The prize; the honor of the day; as, to bear the <i>gree</i>, <i>i. e.</i>, to carry off the prize.</def> [Obs. or Scot.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gree</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [From <u>Agree.</u>] <def>To agree.</def> [Obs.] <i>Fuller.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gree</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Grees</b></plw> (gr&emacr;z); obs. plurals <plw><b>Greece</b></plw> (gr&emacr;s) <plw><b>Grice</b></plw> (gr&imacr;s <i>or</i> gr&emacr;s), <plw><b>Grise</b></plw>, <plw><b>Grize</b></plw> (gr&imacr;z <i>or</i> gr&emacr;z), etc. [OF. <i>gr&eacute;</i>, F. <i>grade.</i> See <u>Grade.</u>] <def>A step.</def></p>

<p><hw>Greece</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Gree</u> a step.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Greed</hw> (gr&emacr;d"), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Akin to Goth. <i>gr&emacr;dus</i> hunger, Icel. <i>gr&amacr;&eth;r</i>. &radic;34. See <u>Greedy.</u>] <def>An eager desire or longing; greediness; as, a <i>greed</i> of gain.</def></p>

<p><hw>Greed"i*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a greedy manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Greed"i*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS <i>gr&aemacr;dignes</i>.] <def>The quality of being greedy; vehement and selfish desire.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Fox in stealth, wolf in <i>greediness.</i></blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Ravenousness; voracity; eagerness; avidity.</p>

<p><hw>Greed"y</hw> (-&ybreve;), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<pos><i>Compar.</i></pos> <u>Greedier</u> (-&ibreve;*&etilde;r); <pos><i>superl.</i></pos> <u>Greediest</u>.] [OE. <i>gredi</i>, AS. <i>gr&aemacr;dig</i>, <i>gr&emacr;dig</i>; akin to D. <i>gretig</i>, OS. <i>gr&amacr;dag</i>, OHG. <i>gr&amacr;tag</i>, Dan. <i>graadig</i>, OSw. <i>gradig</i>, <i>gr&aring;dig</i>, Icel. <i>gr&amacr;&eth;ugr</i>, Goth. <i>gr&emacr;dags</i> greedy, <i>gr&emacr;d&emacr;n</i> to be hungry; cf. Skr. <i>g&rsdot;dh</i> to be greedy. Cf. <u>Greed.</u>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Having a keen appetite for food or drink; ravenous; voracious; very hungry; — followed by of; as, a lion that is <i>greedy</i> of his prey.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Having a keen desire for anything; vehemently desirous; eager to obtain; avaricious; as, <u>greedy</u> of gain.</def></p>

<p><hw>Greed"y-gut`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A glutton.</def> [Low] <i>Todd.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gree"gree`</hw>, <hw>Gri"gri`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>An African talisman or charm.</def></p>

<p><col><b>A greegree man</b></col>, <cd>an African magician or fetich priest.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Greek</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [AS. <i>grec</i>, L. <i>Graecus</i>, Gr. ?: cf. F. <i>grec</i>. Cf. <u>Grecian</u>.] <def>Of or pertaining to Greece or the Greeks; Grecian.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Greek calends</b></col>. <cd>See under Calends.</cd> — <col><b>Greek Church</b></col> (<i>Eccl. Hist.</i>), <cd>the Eastern Church; that part of Christendom which separated from the Roman or Western Church in the ninth century. It comprises the great bulk of the Christian population of Russia (of which this is the established church), Greece, Moldavia, and Wallachia. The Greek Church is governed by patriarchs and is called also the <i>Byzantine Church</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Greek cross</b></col>. <cd>See <i>Illust</i>. (10) Of <u>Cross</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Greek Empire</b></col>. <cd>See <u>Byzantine Empire</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Greek fire</b></col>, <cd>a combustible composition which burns under water, the constituents of which are supposed to be asphalt, with niter and sulphur.</cd> <i>Ure.</i> — <col><b>Greek rose</b></col>, <cd>the flower campion.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Greek</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A native, or one of the people, of Greece; a Grecian; also, the language of Greece.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A swindler; a knave; a cheat.</def> [Slang]</p>

<p><blockquote>Without a confederate the . . . game of baccarat does not . . . offer many chances for the <i>Greek.</i></blockquote> <i>Sat. Rev.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Something unintelligible; as, it was all <i>Greek</i> to me.</def> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><hw>Greek"ess</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A female Greek.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Greek"ish</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. AS. <i>Gr&emacr;cisc</i>.] <def>Peculiar to Greece.</def></p>

<p><hw>Greek"ling</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A little Greek, or one of small esteem or pretensions.</def> <i>B. Jonson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Green</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<pos><i>Compar.</i></pos> <u>Greener</u> (&?;); <pos><i>superl.</i></pos> <u>Greenest.</u>] [OE. <i>grene</i>, AS. <i>gr?ne</i>; akin to D. <i>groen</i>, OS. <i>gr?ni</i>, OHG. <i>gruoni</i>, G. <i>gr?n</i>, Dan. & Sw. <i>gr?n</i>, Icel. <i>gr?nn</i>; fr. the root of E. <i>grow.</i> See <u>Grow.</u>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Having the color of grass when fresh and growing; resembling that color of the solar spectrum which is between the yellow and the blue; verdant; emerald.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Having a sickly color; wan.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>To look so green and pale.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Full of life and vigor; fresh and vigorous; new; recent; as, a <i>green</i> manhood; a <i>green</i> wound.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>As valid against such an old and beneficent government as against . . . the <i>greenest</i> usurpation.</blockquote> <i>Burke.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Not ripe; immature; not fully grown or ripened; as, <i>green</i> fruit, corn, vegetables, etc.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>Not roasted; half raw.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>We say the meat is <i>green</i> when half roasted.</blockquote> <i>L. Watts. </i></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>Immature in age or experience; young; raw; not trained; awkward; as, <i>green</i> in years or judgment.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I might be angry with the officious zeal which supposes that its <i>green</i> conceptions can instruct my gray hairs.</blockquote> <i>Sir W. Scott. </i></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <def>Not seasoned; not dry; containing its natural juices; as, green wood, timber, etc.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Green brier</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>a thorny climbing shrub (<i>Emilaz rotundifolia</i>) having a yellowish green stem and thick leaves, with small clusters of flowers, common in the United States; — called also <i>cat brier</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Green con</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the pollock.</cd> — <col><b>Green crab</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>an edible, shore crab (<i>Carcinus menas</i>) of Europe and America; — in New England locally named <i>joe-rocker</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Green crop</b></col>, <cd>a crop used for food while in a growing or unripe state, as distingushed from a grain crop, root crop, etc.</cd> — <col><b>Green diallage</b></col>. <i>(Min.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>Diallage, a variety of pyroxene.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>Smaragdite.</cd> — <col><b>Green dragon</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>a North American herbaceous plant (<i>Aris&aelig;ma Dracontium</i>), resembling the Indian turnip; — called also <i>dragon root</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Green earth</b></col> <i>(Min.)</i>, <cd>a variety of glauconite, found in cavities in amygdaloid and other eruptive rock, and used as a pigment by artists; — called also <i>mountain green</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Green ebony</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>A south American tree (<i>Jacaranda ovalifolia</i>), having a greenish wood, used for rulers, turned and inlaid work, and in dyeing.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>The West Indian green ebony.</cd> See <u>Ebony</u>. — <col><b>Green fire</b></col> (<i>Pyrotech.</i>), <cd>a composition which burns with a green flame. It consists of sulphur and potassium chlorate, with some salt of barium (usually the nitrate), to which the color of the flame is due.</cd> — <col><b>Green fly</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>any green species of plant lice or aphids, esp. those that infest greenhouse plants.</cd> — <col><b>Green gage</b></col>, <i>(Bot.)</i> <cd>See <u>Greengage</u>, in the Vocabulary.</cd> — <col><b>Green gland</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>one of a pair of large green glands in Crustacea, supposed to serve as kidneys. They have their outlets at the bases of the larger antenn&aelig;.</cd> — <col><b>Green hand</b></col>, <cd>a novice.</cd> [Colloq.] — <col><b>Green heart</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>the wood of a lauraceous tree found in the West Indies and in South America, used for shipbuilding or turnery. The green heart of Jamaica and Guiana is the <i>Nectandra Rodi&oelig;i</i>, that of Martinique is the <i>Colubrina ferruginosa</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Green iron ore</b></col> (<i>Min.</i>) <cd>dufrenite.</cd> — <col><b>Green laver</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>an edible seaweed (<i>Ulva latissima</i>); — called also <i>green sloke</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Green lead ore</b></col> (<i>Min.</i>), <cd>pyromorphite.</cd> — <col><b>Green linnet</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the greenfinch.</cd> — <col><b>Green looper</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the cankerworm.</cd> — <col><b>Green marble</b></col> (<i>Min.</i>), <cd>serpentine.</cd> — <col><b>Green mineral</b></col>, <cd>a carbonate of copper, used as a pigment. See <u>Greengill</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Green monkey</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <cd>a West African long-tailed monkey (<i>Cercopithecus callitrichus</i>), very commonly tamed, and trained to perform tricks. It was introduced into the West Indies early in the last century, and has become very abundant there.</cd> — <col><b>Green salt of Magnus</b></col> (<i>Old Chem.</i>), <cd>a dark green crystalline salt, consisting of ammonia united with certain chlorides of platinum.</cd> — <col><b>Green sand</b></col> (<i>Founding</i>) <cd>molding sand used for a mold while slightly damp, and not dried before the cast is made.</cd> — <col><b>Green sea</b></col> (<i>Naut.</i>), <cd>a wave that breaks in a solid mass on a vessel's deck.</cd> — <col><b>Green sickness</b></col> <i>(Med.)</i>, <cd>chlorosis.</cd> — <col><b>Green snake</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>one of two harmless American snakes (<i>Cyclophis vernalis</i>, and <i>C. &aelig;stivus</i>). They are bright green in color.</cd> — <col><b>Green turtle</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>an edible marine turtle. See <u>Turtle</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Green vitriol</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <i>(Chem.)</i> <cd>Sulphate of iron; a light green crystalline substance, very extensively used in the preparation of inks, dyes, mordants, etc.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> (<i>Min.</i>) <cd>Same as <i>copperas</i>, <i>melanterite</i> and <i>sulphate of iron</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Green ware</b></col>, <cd>articles of pottery molded and shaped, but not yet baked.</cd> — <col><b>Green woodpecker</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a common European woodpecker (<i>Picus viridis</i>); — called also <i>yaffle</i>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Green</hw> (gren), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The color of growing plants; the color of the solar spectrum intermediate between the yellow and the blue.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A grassy plain or plat; a piece of ground covered with verdant herbage; as, the village <i>green</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>O'er the smooth enameled <i>green</i>.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Fresh leaves or branches of trees or other plants; wreaths; — usually in the plural.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>In that soft season when descending showers<BR> Call forth the <i>greens</i>, and wake the rising flowers.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>pl. Leaves and stems of young plants, as spinach, beets, etc., which in their green state are boiled for food.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>Any substance or pigment of a green color.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Alkali green</b></col> <i>(Chem.)</i>, <cd>an alkali salt of a sulphonic acid derivative of a complex aniline dye, resembling emerald green; — called also <i>Helvetia green</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Berlin green</b></col>. <i>(Chem.)</i> <cd>See under <u>Berlin</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Brilliant green</b></col> <i>(Chem.)</i>, <cd>a complex aniline dye, resembling emerald green in composition.</cd> — <col><b>Brunswick green</b></col>, <cd>an oxychloride of copper.</cd> — <col><b>Chrome green</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Chrome</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Emerald green</b></col>. <i>(Chem.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>A complex basic derivative of aniline produced as a metallic, green crystalline substance, and used for dyeing silk, wool, and mordanted vegetable fiber a brilliant green; — called also <i>aldehyde green</i>, <i>acid green</i>, <i>malachite green</i>, <i>Victoria green</i>, <i>solid green</i>, etc. It is usually found as a double chloride, with zinc chloride, or as an oxalate.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>See <i>Paris green</i> (below).</cd> — <col><b>Gaignet's green</b></col> <i>(Chem.)</i> <cd>a green pigment employed by the French artist, Adrian Gusgnet, and consisting essentially of a basic hydrate of chromium.</cd> — <col><b>Methyl green</b></col> <i>(Chem.)</i>, <cd>an artificial rosaniline dyestuff, obtained as a green substance having a brilliant yellow luster; — called also <i>light-green</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Mineral green</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Mineral</u>.</cd> - - <col><b>Mountain green</b></col>. <cd>See <i>Green earth</i>, under <u>Green</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos></cd> — <col><b>Paris green</b></col> <i>(Chem.)</i>, <cd>a poisonous green powder, consisting of a mixture of several double salts of the acetate and arsenite of copper. It has found very extensive use as a pigment for wall paper, artificial flowers, etc., but particularly as an exterminator of insects, as the potato bug; — called also <i>Schweinfurth green</i>, <i>imperial green</i>, <i>Vienna green</i>, <i>emerald qreen</i>, and <i>mitis green</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Scheele's green</b></col> <i>(Chem.)</i>, <cd>a green pigment, consisting essentially of a hydrous arsenite of copper; — called also <i>Swedish green</i>. It may enter into various pigments called <i>parrot green</i>, <i>pickel green</i>, <i>Brunswick green</i>, <i>nereid green</i>, or <i>emerald green</i>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Green</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Greened</u> (great): <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Greening</u>.] <def>To make green.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Great spring before<BR> <i>Greened</i> all the year.</blockquote> <i>Thomson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Green</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To become or grow green.</def> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>By <i>greening</i> slope and singing flood.</blockquote> <i>Whittier.</i></p>

<p><hw>Green"back"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One of the legal tender notes of the United States; — first issued in 1862, and having the devices on the back printed with green ink, to prevent alterations and counterfeits.</def></p>

<p><hw>Green"back"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One of those who supported greenback or paper money, and opposed the resumption of specie payments.</def> [Colloq. U. S.]</p>

<p><hw>Green"bone</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [So named because the bones are green when boiled.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>Any garfish (<i>Belone</i> or <i>Tylosurus</i>).</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The European eelpout.</def></p>

<p><hw>Green"-broom`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A plant of the genus <i>Genista</i> (<i>G. tinctoria</i>); dyer's weed; — called also <i>greenweed</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Green"cloth`</hw> (-kl&obreve;th`; 115), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A board or court of justice formerly held in the counting house of the British sovereign's household, composed of the lord steward and his officers, and having cognizance of matters of justice in the household, with power to correct offenders and keep the peace within the verge of the palace, which extends two hundred yards beyond the gates.</def></p>

<p><hw>Green"er*y</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Green plants; verdure.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A pretty little one-storied abode, so rural, so smothered in <i>greenery</i>.</blockquote> <i>J. Ingelow.</i></p>

<p><hw>Green"-eyed</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Having green eyes.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Seeing everything through a medium which discolors or distorts.</def> "<i>Green-eyed</i> jealousy." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Green"finch`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A European finch (<i>Ligurinus chloris</i>); — called also <i>green bird</i>, <i>green linnet</i>, <i>green grosbeak</i>, <i>green olf</i>, <i>greeny</i>, and <i>peasweep</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The Texas sparrow (<i>Embernagra rufivirgata</i>), in which the general color is olive green, with four rufous stripes on the head.</def></p>

<p><hw>Green"fish`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>See <u>Bluefish</u>, and <u>Pollock</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Green"gage`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A kind of plum of medium size, roundish shape, greenish flesh, and delicious flavor. It is called in France <i>Reine Claude</i>, after the queen of Francis I. See <u>Gage</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Green"gill`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>An oyster which has the gills tinged with a green pigment, said to be due to an abnormal condition of the blood.</def></p>

<p><hw>Green"gro`cer</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A retailer of vegetables or fruits in their fresh or green state.</def></p>

<p><hw>Green"head`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The mallard.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The striped bass. See <u>Bass</u>.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Green"head</hw> (?), <hw>Green"hood</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A state of greenness; verdancy.</def> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Green"horn`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A raw, inexperienced person; one easily imposed upon.</def> <i>W. Irving.</i></p>

<p><hw>Green"house`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A house in which tender plants are cultivated and sheltered from the weather.</def></p>

<p><hw>Green"ing</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A greenish apple, of several varieties, among which the Rhode Island greening is the best known for its fine-grained acid flesh and its excellent keeping quality.</def></p>

<p><hw>Green"ish</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Somewhat green; having a tinge of green; as, a <i>greenish</i> yellow.</def> — <wf>Green"ish*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Green"land*er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A native of Greenland.</def></p>

<p><hw>Green"-leek`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>An Australian parrakeet (<i>Polytelis Barrabandi</i>); — called also the <i>scarlet-breasted parrot</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Green"let</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of numerous species of small American singing birds, of the genus <i>Vireo</i>, as the solitary, or blue- headed (<i>Vireo solitarius</i>); the brotherly-love (<i>V. Philadelphicus</i>); the warbling greenlet (<i>V. gilvus</i>); the yellow-throated greenlet (<i>V. flavifrons</i>) and others. See <u>Vireo</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l,)</i> <def>Any species of <i>Cyclorhis</i>, a genus of tropical American birds allied to the tits.</def></p>

<p><hw>Green"ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>With a green color; newly; freshly, immaturely.</def> — <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of a green color.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Green"ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>gr&emacr;nnes</i>. See <u>Green.</u>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The quality of being green; viridity; verdancy; as, the <i>greenness</i> of grass, or of a meadow.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Freshness; vigor; newness.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Immaturity; unripeness; as, the <i>greenness</i> of fruit; inexperience; as, the <i>greenness</i> of youth.</def></p>

<p><hw>Green"ock*ite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Named after Lord <i>Greenock</i>.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>Native cadmium sulphide, a mineral occurring in yellow hexagonal crystals, also as an earthy incrustation.</def></p>

<p><hw>Green"room`</hw> (gr&emacr;n"room`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The retiring room of actors and actresses in a theater.</def></p>

<p><hw>Green"sand`</hw> (-s&?;nd`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Geol.)</i> <def>A variety of sandstone, usually imperfectly consolidated, consisting largely of glauconite, a silicate of iron and potash of a green color, mixed with sand and a trace of phosphate of lime.</def></p>

<p> &fist;<i>Greensand</i> is often called <i>marl</i>, because it is a useful fertilizer. The greensand beds of the American Cretaceous belong mostly to the Upper Cretaceous.</p>

<p><hw>Green"shank`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A European sandpiper or snipe (<i>Totanus canescens</i>); — called also <i>greater plover</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Green"-stall`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A stall at which greens and fresh vegetables are exposed for sale.</def></p>

<p><hw>Green"stone`</hw> (gr&emacr;n"st&omacr;n`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [So called from a tinge of green in the color.] <i>(Geol.)</i> <def>A name formerly applied rather loosely to certain dark-colored igneous rocks, including diorite, diabase, etc.</def></p>

<p><hw>Green"sward`</hw> (-sw&add;rd') <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Turf green with grass.</def></p>

<p><hw>Greenth</hw> (gr&emacr;nth), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. Growth.] <def>The state or quality of being green; verdure.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>greenth</i> of summer.</blockquote> <i>G. Eliot.</i></p>

<p><hw>Green"weed`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>See <u>Greenbroom</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Green"wood`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A forest as it appears in spring and summer.</def></p>

<p><hw>Green"wood`</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pertaining to a greenwood; as, a <i>greenwood</i> shade.</def> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Greet</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Great.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Greet</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [OE. <i>greten</i>, AS. <i>gr&aemacr;tan</i>, <i>gr&emacr;tan</i>; akin to Icel. <i>gr&amacr;ta</i>, Sw. <i>gr&aring;ta</i>, Dan. <i>gr&aelig;de</i>, Goth. <i>gr&emacr;ctan</i>; cf. Skr. <i>hr&amacr;d</i> to sound, roar. &radic;50.] <def>To weep; to cry; to lament.</def> [Obs. or Scot.] [Written also <i>greit</i>.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Greet</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Mourning.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Greet</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Greeted</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Greeting</u>.] [OE. <i>greten</i>, AS. <i>gr&emacr;tan</i> to address, approach; akin to OS. <i>gr&omacr;tian</i>, LG. <i>gr&ouml;ten</i>, D. <i>groeten</i>, OHG. <i>gruozzen</i>, G. <i>gr&uuml;ssen</i>. &radic;50.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To address with salutations or expressions of kind wishes; to salute; to hail; to welcome; to accost with friendship; to pay respects or compliments to, either personally or through the intervention of another, or by writing or token.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>My lord, the mayor of London comes to <i>greet</i> you.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To come upon, or meet, as with something that makes the heart glad.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>In vain the spring my senses <i>greets</i>.</blockquote> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To accost; to address.</def> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p>! p. 650 Needs proof-reading . . . the etymologies and other italics are not marked !></p>

<p><hw>Greet</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To meet and give salutations.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>There <i>greet</i> in silence, as the dead are wont, And sleep in peace.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Greet</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Greeting.</def> [Obs.] <i>F. Beaumont.</i></p>

<p><hw>Greet"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who greets or salutes another.</def></p>

<p><hw>Greet"er</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who weeps or mourns.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Greet"ing</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Expression of kindness or joy; salutation at meeting; a compliment from one absent.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Write to him . . . gentle adieus and <i>greetings.</i></blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Salutation; salute; compliment.</p>

<p><hw>Greeve</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Grieve</u>, an overseer.</def></p>

<p><hw>Greeze</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A step. See <u>Gree</u>, a step.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>The top of the ladder, or first <i>greeze</i>, is this.</blockquote> <i>Latimer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gref"fi*er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., from LL. <i>grafarius</i>, <i>graphiarius</i>, fr. L. <i>graphium</i>, a writing style; cf. F. <i>greffe</i> a record office. See <u>Graft</u>, and cf. <u>Graffer.</u>] <def>A registrar or recorder; a notary.</def> [Obs.] <i>Bp. Hall.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gre"gal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>gregalis,</i> fr. <i>grex</i>, <i>gregis</i>, herd.] <def>Pertaining to, or like, a flock.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>For this <i>gregal</i> conformity there is an excuse.</blockquote> <i>W. S. Mayo.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gre*ga"ri*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Gregarious; belonging to the herd or common sort; common.</def> [Obs.] "The gregarian soldiers." <i>Howell.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Greg`a*ri"n&aelig;</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr. <i>Gregarina</i> the typical genus, fr. L. <i>gregarius</i>. See <u>Gregarious</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>An order of Protozoa, allied to the Rhizopoda, and parasitic in other animals, as in the earthworm, lobster, etc. When adult, they have a small, wormlike body inclosing a nucleus, but without external organs; in one of the young stages, they are am&oelig;biform; — called also <i>Gregarinida</i>, and <i>Gregarinaria</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Greg"a*rine</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to the Gregarin&aelig;.</def> — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One of the Gregarin&aelig;.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Greg`a*rin"i*da</hw> (?) <def>Gregarin&aelig;.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gre*ga"ri*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>gregarius</i>, fr. <i>grex</i>, <i>gregis</i>, herd; cf. Gr. &?; to assemble, Skr. <i>jar</i> to approach. Cf. <u>Congregate</u>, <u>Egregious</u>.] <def>Habitually living or moving in flocks or herds; tending to flock or herd together; not habitually solitary or living alone.</def> <i>Burke.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>No birds of prey are <i>gregarious</i>.</blockquote> <i>Ray.</i></p>

<p>— <wf>Gre*ga"ri*ous*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Gre*ga"ri*ous*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Grege</hw> (?), <hw>Greg"ge</hw> (&?;), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [OE. <i>gregier</i> to burden.] <def>To make heavy; to increase.</def> [Obs.] <i>Wyclif.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Greg"goe</hw> (?), <hw>Gre"go</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Prob. fr, It. <i>Greco</i> Greek, or Sp. <i>Griego</i>, or Pg. <i>Grego</i>.] <def>A short jacket or cloak, made of very thick, coarse cloth, with a hood attached, worn by the Greeks and others in the Levant.</def> [Written also <i>griego</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Gre*go"ri*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [NL. Gregorianus, fr. Gregorius Gregory, Gr. &?;: cf. F. <i>gr&eacute;gorien</i>.] <def>Pertaining to, or originated by, some person named Gregory, especially one of the popes of that name.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Gregorian calendar</b></col>, <cd>the calendar as reformed by Pope Gregory XIII. in 1582, including the method of adjusting the leap years so as to harmonize the civil year with the solar, and also the regulation of the time of Easter and the movable feasts by means of epochs. See <i>Gregorian year</i> (below).</cd> — <col><b>Gregorian chant</b></col> <i>(Mus.)</i>, <cd>plain song, or <i>canto fermo</i>, a kind of unisonous music, according to the eight celebrated church modes, as arranged and prescribed by Pope Gregory I. (called "the Great") in the 6th century.</cd> — <col><b>Gregorian modes</b></col>, <cd>the musical scales ordained by Pope Gregory the Great, and named after the ancient Greek scales, as Dorian, Lydian, etc.</cd> — <col><b>Gregorian telescope</b></col> <i>(Opt.)</i>, <cd>a form of reflecting telescope, named from Prof. James <i>Gregory</i>, of Edinburgh, who perfected it in 1663. A small concave mirror in the axis of this telescope, having its focus coincident with that of the large reflector, transmits the light received from the latter back through a hole in its center to the eyepiece placed behind it.</cd> — <col><b>Gregorian year</b></col>, <cd>the year as now reckoned according to the <i>Gregorian</i> calendar. Thus, every year, of the current reckoning, which is divisible by 4, except those divisible by 100 and not by 400, has 366 days; all other years have 365 days. See <u>Bissextile</u>, and Note under <u>Style</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, 7.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Greil"lade</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Metal.)</i> <def>Iron ore in coarse powder, prepared for reduction by the Catalan process.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grei"sen</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Min.)</i> <def>A crystalline rock consisting of quarts and mica, common in the tin regions of Cornwall and Saxony.</def></p>

<p><hw>Greit</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Greet</u>, to weep.</def></p>

<p><hw>Greith</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [Icel. <i>grei&eth;a</i>: cf. AS. <i>ger&aemacr;dan</i> to arrange; pref. <i>ge-</i> + <i>r&aemacr;de</i> ready. Cf. <u>Ready.</u>] <def>To make ready; — often used reflexively.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Greith</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Icel. <i>grei&eth;i</i>. See <u>Greith</u>, <pos><i>v.</i></pos>] <def>Goods; furniture.</def> [Obs.] See <u>Graith</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Gre"mi*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>gremium</i> lap, bosom.] <def>Of or pertaining to the lap or bosom.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Gre"mi*al</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A bosom friend.</def> [Obs.] <i>Fuller.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Ecol.)</i> <def>A cloth, often adorned with gold or silver lace, placed on the bishop's lap while he sits in celebrating mass, or in ordaining priests.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gre*nade"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>grenade</i> a pomegranate, a grenade, or Sp. <i>granada</i>; orig., filled with seeds. So called from the resemblance of its shape to a pomegranate. See <u>Carnet</u>, <u>Grain</u> a kernel, and cf. <u>Pomegranate</u>.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>A hollow ball or shell of iron filled with powder of other explosive, ignited by means of a fuse, and thrown from the hand among enemies.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Hand grenade</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>A small grenade of iron or glass, usually about two and a half inches in diameter, to be thrown from the hand into the head of a sap, trenches, covered way, or upon besiegers mounting a breach.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>A portable fire extinguisher consisting of a glass bottle containing water and gas. It is thrown into the flames. Called also <i>fire grenade</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Rampart grenades</b></col>, <cd>grenades of various sizes, which, when used, are rolled over the pararapet in a trough.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Gren`a*dier"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. grenadier. See <u>Grenade</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Mil.)</i> <def>Originaly, a soldier who carried and threw grenades; afterward, one of a company attached to each regiment or battalion, taking post on the right of the line, and wearing a peculiar uniform. In modern times, a member of a special regiment or corps; as, a <i>grenadier</i> of the guard of Napoleon I. one of the regiment of <i>Grenadier</i> Guards of the British army, etc.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any marine fish of the genus <i>Macrurus</i>, in which the body and tail taper to a point; they mostly inhabit the deep sea; — called also <i>onion fish</i>, and <i>rat-tail fish</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A bright-colored South African grosbeak (<i>Pyromelana orix</i>), having the back red and the lower parts black.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gren`a*dil"lo</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Sp. granadillo.] <def>A handsome tropical American wood, much used for making flutes and other wind instruments; — called also <i>Grenada cocos</i>, or <i>cocus</i>, and <i>red ebony</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gren`a*dine"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A thin gauzelike fabric of silk or wool, for women's wear.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A trade name for a dyestuff, consisting essentially of impure fuchsine.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gre*na"do</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Grenade</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grene</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Green.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gres</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Grass.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Gres*so"ri*al</hw> (?), <hw>Gres*so"ri*ous</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>gressus</i>, p. p. of <i>gradi</i> to step, go.] <i>(Zool.)</i> <def>Adapted for walking; anisodactylous; as the feet of certain birds and insects. See <i>Illust</i>. under <u>Aves</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gret</hw> (?), <hw>Grete</hw> (&?;), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Great.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gret"to</hw> (?), obs. <def><pos><i>imp.</i></pos> of <u>Greet</u>, to salute.</def></p>

<p><hw>Greve</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A grove.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Grew</hw> (gr&udd;), <def><pos><i>imp.</i></pos> of <u>Grow</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grew"some</hw> (?), <hw>Grue"some</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [From a word akin to Dan. <i>gru</i> horror, terror + <i>-some</i>; cf. D. <i>gruwzaam</i>, G. <i>grausam</i>. Cf. <u>Grisly</u>.] <def>Ugly; frightful.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Grewsome</i> sights of war.</blockquote> <i>C. Kingsley.</i></p>

<p><hw>Grey</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Gray</u> (the correct orthography).</def></p>

<p><hw>Grey"hound`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>graihund</i>, <i>greihound</i>, <i>greahund</i>, <i>grihond</i>, Icel. <i>greyhundr</i>; <i>grey</i> greyhound + <i>hundr</i> dog; cf. AS. <i>gr&imacr;ghund</i>. The origin of the first syllable is unknown.] <def>A slender, graceful breed of dogs, remarkable for keen sight and swiftness. It is one of the oldest varieties known, and is figured on the Egyptian monuments.</def> [Written also <i>grayhound</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Grey"lag`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>See Graylag.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grib"ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. Prov. E. grib to bite.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A small marine isopod crustacean (<i>Limnoria lignorum</i> or <i>L. terebrans</i>), which burrows into and rapidly destroys submerged timber, such as the piles of wharves, both in Europe and America.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grice</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>gris</i>, <i>grise</i>; of Scand. origin; cf. Icel. <i>gr?ss</i>, Sw. <i>gris</i>, Dan. <i>grus</i>, also Gr. &?;, Skr. <i>ghrshvi</i>, boar. Cf. <u>Grise</u>, <u>Griskin</u>.] <def>A little pig.</def> [Written also <i>grise</i>.] [Scot.]</p>

<p><hw>Grice</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Gree</u>, a step.</def> [Obs.] <i>B. Jonson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Grid</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A grating of thin parallel bars, similar to a gridiron.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grid"dle</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>gredil</i>, <i>gredl</i>, <i>gridel</i>, of Celtic origin; cf. W. <i>greidell</i>, Ir. <i>greideal</i>, <i>greideil</i>, griddle, gridiron, <i>greadaim</i> I burn, scorch. Cf. <u>Gridiron</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>An iron plate or pan used for cooking cakes.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A sieve with a wire bottom, used by miners.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grid"dle*cake`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A cake baked or fried on a griddle, esp. a thin batter cake, as of buckwheat or common flour.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gride</hw> (gr&imacr;d), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Grided</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Griding</u>.] [For gird, properly, to strike with a rod. See <u>Yard</u> a measure, and cf. <u>Grid</u> to strike, sneer.] <def>To cut with a grating sound; to cut; to penetrate or pierce harshly; as, the <i>griding</i> sword.</def> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>That through his thigh the mortal steel did <i>gride</i>.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gride</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A harsh scraping or cutting; a grating.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>gride</i> of hatchets fiercely thrown.<BR> On wigwam log, and tree, and stone.</blockquote> <i>Whittier.</i></p>

<p><hw>Grid"e*lin</hw> (gr&ibreve;d"&esl;*l&ibreve;n), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>gris de lin</i> gray of flax, flax gray.] <def>A color mixed of white, and red, or a gray violet.</def> [Written also <i>gredaline</i>, <i>grizelin</i>.] <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Grid"i`ron</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>gredire</i>, <i>gredirne</i>, from the same source as E. <i>griddle</i>, but the ending was confused with E. <i>iron</i>. See <u>Griddle</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A grated iron utensil for broiling flesh and fish over coals.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>An openwork frame on which vessels are placed for examination, cleaning, and repairs.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Gridiron pendulum</b></col>. <cd>See under Pendulum.</cd> — <col><b>Gridiron valve</b></col> <i>(Steam Engine)</i>, <cd>a slide valve with several parallel perforations corresponding to openings in the seat on which the valve moves.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Grief</hw> (gr&emacr;f), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>grief</i>, <i>gref</i>, OF. <i>grief</i>, <i>gref</i>, F. <i>grief</i>, L. <i>gravis</i> heavy; akin to Gr. <grk>bary`s</grk>, Skr. <i>guru</i>, Goth. <i>ka&uacute;rus</i>. Cf. <u>Barometer</u>, <u>Grave</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>, <u>Grieve</u>, <u>Gooroo.</u>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Pain of mind on account of something in the past; mental suffering arising from any cause, as misfortune, loss of friends, misconduct of one's self or others, etc.; sorrow; sadness.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The mother was so afflicted at the loss of a fine boy, . . . that she died for <i>grief</i> of it.</blockquote> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Cause of sorrow or pain; that which afficts or distresses; trial; grievance.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Be factious for redress of all these <i>griefs</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Physical pain, or a cause of it; malady.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>This <i>grief</i> (cancerous ulcers) hastened the end of that famous mathematician, Mr. Harriot.</blockquote> <i>Wood.</i></p>

<p><col><b>To come to grief</b></col>, <cd>to meet with calamity, accident, defeat, ruin, etc., causing grief; to turn out badly.</cd> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Affiction; sorrow; distress; sadness; trial; grievance. <u>Grief</u>, <u>Sorrow</u>, <u>Sadness</u>. <i>Sorrow</i> is the generic term; grief is sorrow for some definite cause — one which commenced, at least, in the past; sadness is applied to a permanent mood of the mind. <i>Sorrow</i> is transient in many cases; but the <i>grief</i> of a mother for the loss of a favorite child too often turns into habitual <i>sadness</i>. "<i>Grief</i> is sometimes considered as synonymous with <i>sorrow</i>; and in this case we speak of the transports of <i>grief</i>. At other times it expresses more silent, deep, and painful affections, such as are inspired by domestic calamities, particularly by the loss of friends and relatives, or by the distress, either of body or mind, experienced by those whom we love and value." <i>Cogan.</i> See <u>Affliction</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Grief"ful</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Full of grief or sorrow.</def> <i>Sackville.</i></p>

<p><hw>Grief"less</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Without grief.</def> <i>Huloet.</i></p>

<p><hw>Grie"go</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Greggoe</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Griev"a*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Lamentable.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Griev"ance</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>grevance</i>. See <u>Grieve</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A cause of uneasiness and complaint; a wrong done and suffered; that which gives ground for remonstrance or resistance, as arising from injustice, tyranny, etc.; injury.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Grieving; grief; affliction.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The . . . <i>grievance</i> of a mind unreasonably yoked.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Burden; oppression; hardship; trouble.</p>

<p><hw>Griev"an*cer</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who occasions a grievance; one who gives ground for complaint.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Petition . . . against the bishops as grand <i>grievancers</i>.</blockquote> <i>Fuller.</i></p>

<p><hw>Grieve</hw> (gr&emacr;v), <hw>Greeve</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>ger&emacr;fa</i>. Cf. <u>Reeve</u> an officer.] <def>A manager of a farm, or overseer of any work; a reeve; a manorial bailiff.</def> [Scot.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Their children were horsewhipped by the <i>grieve</i>.</blockquote> <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><hw>Grieve</hw> (gr&emacr;v), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Grieved</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Grieving</u>.] [OE. <i>greven</i>, OF. <i>grever</i>, fr. L. <i>gravare</i> to burden, oppress, fr. <i>gravis</i> heavy. See <u>Grief.</u>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To occasion grief to; to wound the sensibilities of; to make sorrowful; to cause to suffer; to afflict; to hurt; to try.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Grieve</i> not the Holy Spirit of God.</blockquote> <i>Eph. iv. 30.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The maidens <i>grieved</i> themselves at my concern.</blockquote> <i>Cowper,</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To sorrow over; as, to <i>grieve</i> one's fate.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Grieve</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To feel grief; to be in pain of mind on account of an evil; to sorrow; to mourn; — often followed by <i>at</i>, <i>for</i>, or <i>over</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Do not you <i>grieve</i> at this.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Griev"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who, or that which, grieves.</def></p>

<p><hw>Griev"ing</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Sad; sorrowful; causing grief.</def> — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The act of causing grief; the state of being grieved.</def> — <wf>Griev"ing*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Griev"ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [OF. <i>grevous</i>, <i>grevos</i>, LL. <i>gravosus</i>. See <u>Grief</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Causing grief or sorrow; painful; afflictive; hard to bear; offensive; harmful.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The famine was <i>grievous</i> in the land.</blockquote> <i>Gen. xii. 10.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The thing was very <i>grievous</i> in Abraham's sight.</blockquote> <i>Gen. xxi. 11.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Characterized by great atrocity; heinous; aggravated; flagitious; as, a <i>grievous</i> sin.</def> <i>Gen. xviii. 20.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Full of, or expressing, grief; showing great sorrow or affliction; as, a <i>grievous</i> cry.</def> — <wf>Griev"ous*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Griev"ous*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Griff</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. <u>Gripe</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Grasp; reach.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>A vein of gold ore within one spade's <i>griff</i>.</blockquote> <i>Holland.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> [Cf. F. griffe, G. griff, prop., a grasping.] <i>(Weaving)</i> <def>An arrangement of parallel bars for lifting the hooked wires which raise the warp threads in a loom for weaving figured goods.</def> <i>Knight.</i></p>

<p><hw>Griffe</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F.] <def>The offspring of a mulatto woman and a negro; also, a mulatto.</def> [Local, U. S.]</p>

<p><hw>Grif"fin</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>An Anglo-Indian name for a person just arrived from Europe.</def> <i>H. Kingsley.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Grif"fin</hw> (?), <hw>Grif"fon</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>griffin</i>, <i>griffon</i>, <i>griffoun</i>, F. <i>griffon</i>, fr. L. <i>gryphus</i>, equiv to <i>gryps</i>, Gr. &?;; — so called because of the hooked beak, and akin to <grk>grypo`s</grk> curved, hook-nosed.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Myth.)</i> <def>A fabulous monster, half lion and half eagle. It is often represented in Grecian and Roman works of art.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Her.)</i> <def>A representation of this creature as an heraldic charge.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A species of large vulture (<i>Gyps fulvus</i>) found in the mountainous parts of Southern Europe, North Africa, and Asia Minor; — called also <i>gripe</i>, and <i>grype</i>. It is supposed to be the "<i>eagle</i>" of the Bible. The bearded griffin is the lammergeir.</def> [Written also <i>gryphon</i>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>An English early apple.</def></p>

<p><! p. 651 !></p>

<p><hw>Grig</hw> (gr&ibreve;g), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. Sw. <i>kr&auml;k</i> little creature, reptile; or D. <i>kriek</i> cricket, E. <i>cricket</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A cricket or grasshopper.</def> [Prov. Eng.] <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>Any small eel.</def> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <def>The broad-nosed eel. See <u>Glut</u>.</def> [Prov. Eng.]</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Heath.</def> [Prov. Eng.] <i>Audrey.</i></p>

<p><col><b>As merry as a grig</b></col><cd> [etymology uncertain], a saying supposed by some to be a corruption of "As merry as a Greek; " by others, to be an allusion to the cricket.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Gril</hw> (gr&ibreve;l), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [OE. <i>gril</i> harsh; akin to G. <i>grell</i> offending the ear or eye, shrill, dazzling, MHG. <i>grel</i> angry; cf. AS. <i>gallan</i> to provoke.] <def>Harsh; hard; severe; stern; rough.</def> [Obs.] <i>Rom. of R.</i></p>

<p><hw>Grill</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>gril</i>. See <u>Grill</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A gridiron.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>[They] make <i>grills</i> of [wood] to broil their meat.</blockquote> <i>Cotton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>That which is broiled on a gridiron, as meat, fish, etc.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grill</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Grilled</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Grilling</u>.] [F. <i>griller</i>, fr. <i>gril</i> gridiron, OF. <i>gra&iuml;l</i>, L. <i>craticulum</i> for <i>craticula</i> fine hurdlework, a small gridiron, dim. of crates hurdle. See <u>Grate</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To broil on a grill or gridiron.</def><BR> [1913 Webster]</p>

<p><blockquote>Boiling of men in caldrons, <i>grilling</i> them on gridirons.</blockquote> <i>Marvell.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To torment, as if by broiling.</def> <i>Dickens.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gril*lade"</hw> (&?;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. See <u>Grill</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>] <def>The act of grilling; also, that which is grilled.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gril"lage</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F.] <i>(Hydraulic Eagin.)</i> <def>A framework of sleepers and crossbeams forming a foundation in marshy or treacherous soil.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Grille</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [F. See <u>Grill</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>] <def>A lattice or grating.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>grille</i> which formed part of the gate.</blockquote> <i>L. Oliphant.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gril"ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [See <u>Grill</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>] <def>To broil; to grill; hence, To harass.</def> [Obs.] <i>Hudibras.</i></p>

<p><hw>Grilse</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Etymol. uncertain.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A young salmon after its first return from the sea.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grim</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<pos><i>Compar.</i></pos> <u>Grimmer</u> (-mer); superl. <u>Grimmest</u> (&?;).] [AS. <i>grim</i>; akin to G. <i>grimm</i>, equiv. to G. & D. <i>grimmig</i>, Dan. <i>grim</i>, <i>grum</i>, Sw. <i>grym</i>, Icel. <i>grimmr</i>, G. gram grief, as adj., hostile; cf. Gr. &?;, a crushing sound, &?; to neigh.] <def>Of forbidding or fear-inspiring aspect; fierce; stern; surly; cruel; frightful; horrible.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Whose <i>grim</i> aspect sets every joint a- shaking.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The ridges of <i>grim</i> war.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b>— Fierce; ferocious; furious; horrid; horrible; frightful; ghastly; grisly; hideous; stern; sullen; sour.</p>

<p><hw>Gri*mace"</hw> (gr&ibreve;*m&amacr;s"), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., prob. of Teutonic origin; cf. AS. <i>gr&imacr;ma</i> mask, specter, Icel. <i>gr&imacr;ma</i> mask, hood, perh. akin to E. <i>grin</i>.] <def>A distortion of the countenance, whether habitual, from affectation, or momentary and occasional, to express some feeling, as contempt, disapprobation, complacency, etc.; a smirk; a made-up face.</def><BR> [1913 Webster]</p>

<p><blockquote>Moving his face into such a hideous grimace, that every feature of it appeared under a different distortion.</blockquote> <i>Addison.</i><BR> [1913 Webster]</p>

<p>&fist; "Half the French words used affectedly by Melantha in Dryden's "<i>Marriage a-la-Mode</i>," as innovations in our language, are now in common use: <i>chagrin</i>, <i>double-entendre</i>, <i>&eacute;claircissement</i>, <i>embarras</i>, <i>&eacute;quivoque</i>, <i>foible</i>, <i>grimace</i>, <i>na&iuml;vete</i>, <i>ridicule</i>. All these words, which she learns by heart to use occasionally, are now in common use." <i>I. Disraeli.</i><BR> [1913 Webster]</p>

<p><hw>Gri*mace"</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To make grimaces; to distort one's face; to make faces.</def> <i>H. Martineau.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gri*maced"</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Distorted; crabbed.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gri*mal"kin</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [For <i>graymalkin</i>; <i>gray</i> + <i>malkin</i>.] <def>An old cat, esp. a she-cat.</def> <i>J. Philips.</i></p>

<p><hw>Grime</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. Dan. <i>grim</i>, <i>griim</i>, lampblack, soot, grime, Icel. <i>gr&imacr;ma</i> mask, sort of hood, OD. <i>grijmsel</i>, <i>grimsel</i>, soot, smut, and E. <i>grimace</i>.] <def>Foul matter; dirt, rubbed in; sullying blackness, deeply ingrained.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grime</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To sully or soil deeply; to dirt.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Grim"i*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a grimy manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grim"i*ness</hw> <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The state of being grimy.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grim"ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Grim; hideous; stern.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>In glided Margaret's <i>grimly</i> ghost,<BR> And stood at William's feet.</blockquote> <i>D. Mallet. </i></p>

<p><hw>Grim"ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a grim manner; fiercely.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Grimme</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>grimme</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A West African antelope (<i>Cephalophus rufilotus</i>) of a deep bay color, with a broad dorsal stripe of black; — called also <i>conquetoon</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grim"ness</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>grimnes</i>.] <def>Fierceness of look; sternness; crabbedness; forbiddingness.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grim"sir</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A stern man.</def> [Obs.] <i>Burton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Grim"y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<pos><i>Compar.</i></pos> <u>Grimier</u> (?); <pos><i>superl.</i></pos> <u>Grimiest</u>.] <def>Full of grime; begrimed; dirty; foul.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grin</hw> (gr&ibreve;n), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>grin</i>.] <def>A snare; a gin.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Like a bird that hasteth to his <i>grin</i>.</blockquote> <i>Remedy of Love.</i></p>

<p><hw>Grin</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Grinned</u> (gr&ibreve;nd); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Grinning</u>.] [OE. <i>grinnen</i>, <i>grennen</i>, AS. <i>grennian</i>, Sw. <i>grina</i>; akin to D. <i>grijnen</i>, G. <i>greinen</i>, OHG. <i>grinan</i>, Dan. <i>grine</i>. &radic;35. Cf. <u>Groan</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To show the teeth, as a dog; to snarl.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To set the teeth together and open the lips, or to open the mouth and withdraw the lips from the teeth, so as to show them, as in laughter, scorn, or pain.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The pangs of death do make him <i>grin</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Grin</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To express by grinning.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Grinned</i> horrible a ghastly smile.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Grin</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The act of closing the teeth and showing them, or of withdrawing the lips and showing the teeth; a hard, forced, or sneering smile.</def> <i>I. Watts.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>He showed twenty teeth at a <i>grin</i>.</blockquote> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><hw>Grind</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Ground</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Grinding</u>.] [AS. <i>grindan</i>; perh. akin to L. <i>frendere</i> to gnash, grind. Cf. <u>Grist</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To reduce to powder by friction, as in a mill, or with the teeth; to crush into small fragments; to produce as by the action of millstones.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Take the millstones, and <i>grind</i> meal.</blockquote> <i>Is. xivii. 2.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To wear down, polish, or sharpen, by friction; to make smooth, sharp, or pointed; to whet, as a knife or drill; to rub against one another, as teeth, etc.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To oppress by severe exactions; to harass.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>To <i>grind</i> the subject or defraud the prince.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To study hard for examination.</def> [College Slang]</p>

<p><hw>Grind</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To perform the operation of grinding something; to turn the millstones.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Send thee<BR> Into the common prison, there to <i>grind</i>.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To become ground or pulverized by friction; as, this corn <i>grinds</i> well.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To become polished or sharpened by friction; as, glass <i>grinds</i> smooth; steel <i>grinds</i> to a sharp edge.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To move with much difficulty or friction; to grate.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>To perform hard and distasteful service; to drudge; to study hard, as for an examination.</def> <i>Farrar.</i></p>

<p><hw>Grind</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of reducing to powder, or of sharpening, by friction.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Any severe continuous work or occupation; esp., hard and uninteresting study.</def> [Colloq.] <i>T. Hughes.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A hard student; a dig.</def> [College Slang]</p>

<p><hw>Grind"ed</hw>, obs. <pos><i>p. p.</i></pos> of <u>Grind</u>. <def>Ground.</def> <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Grin*de"li*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL. Named after D. H. <i>Grindel</i>, a Russian.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>The dried stems and leaves of tarweed (<i>Grindelia</i>), used as a remedy in asthma and bronchitis.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grind"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who, or that which, grinds.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>One of the double teeth, used to grind or masticate the food; a molar.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The restless flycatcher (<i>Seisura inquieta</i>) of Australia; — called also <i>restless thrush</i> and <i>volatile thrush</i>. It makes a noise like a scissors grinder, to which the name alludes.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Grinder's asthma, phthisis, or rot</b></col> <i>(Med.)</i>, <cd>a lung disease produced by the mechanical irritation of the particles of steel and stone given off in the operation of grinding.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Grind"er*y</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Leather workers' materials.</def> [Eng.]</p>

<p><col><b>Grindery warehouse</b></col>, <cd>a shop where leather workers' materials and tools are kept on sale.</cd> [Eng.]</p>

<p><hw>Grind"ing</hw>, <pos><i>a. & n.</i></pos> <def>from Grind.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Grinding frame</b></col>, <cd>an English name for a cotton spinning machine.</cd> — <col><b>Grinding mill</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>A mill for grinding grain.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>A lapidary's lathe.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Grind"ing*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a grinding manner.</def> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><hw>Grin"dle</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The bowfin; — called also <i>Johnny Grindle</i>.</def> [Local, U. S.]</p>

<p><hw>Grin"dle stone"</hw> (?). <def>A grindstone.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Grind"let</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A small drain.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grind"stone`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A flat, circular stone, revolving on an axle, for grinding or sharpening tools, or shaping or smoothing objects.</def></p>

<p><col><b>To</b></col> <col><b>hold, pat, or bring</b></col> <col><b>one's nose to the grindstone</b></col>, <cd>to oppress one; to keep one in a condition of servitude.</cd></p>

<p><blockquote>They might be ashamed, for lack of courage, to suffer the Laced&aelig;monians to <i>hold their noses to the grindstone</i>.</blockquote> <i>Sir T. North.</i></p>

<p><hw>Grin"ner</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who grins.</def> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><hw>Grin"ning*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a grinning manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grint</hw> (?), <def><pos><i>3d pers. sing. pres.</i></pos> of <u>Grind</u>, contr. from <i>grindeth</i>.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Grin"te</hw> (?), obs. <def><pos><i>imp.</i></pos> of <u>Grin</u>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos>, 1.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>[He] <i>grinte</i> with his teeth, so was he wroth.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Grint"ing</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Grinding.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Grip</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>gryps</i>, <i>gryphus</i>. See <u>Griffin</u>, <u>Grype</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The griffin.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Grip</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. AS. <i>grip</i> furrow, hitch, D. <i>greb</i>.] <def>A small ditch or furrow.</def> <i>Ray.</i></p>

<p><hw>Grip</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To trench; to drain.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grip</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>gripe</i>. Cf. <u>Grip</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>, <u>Gripe</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>An energetic or tenacious grasp; a holding fast; strength in grasping.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A peculiar mode of clasping the hand, by which members of a secret association recognize or greet, one another; as, a masonic <i>grip</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>That by which anything is grasped; a handle or gripe; as, the grip of a sword.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>A device for grasping or holding fast to something.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grip</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [From <u>Grip</u> a grasp; or P. <i>gripper</i> to seize; — of German origin. See <u>Gripe</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>] <def>To give a grip to; to grasp; to gripe.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gripe</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Grype</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A vulture; the griffin.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Like a white hind under the <i>gripe's</i> sharp claws.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Gripe's egg</b></col>, <cd>an alchemist's vessel.</cd> [Obs.] <i>E. Jonson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gripe</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Griped</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Griping</u>.] [AS. <i>gripan</i>; akin to D. <i>grijpen</i>, G. <i>greifen</i>, OHG. <i>gr&?;fan</i>, Icel. <i>gripa</i>, Sw. <i>gripe</i>, Dan. <i>gribe</i>, Goth. <i>greipan</i>; cf. Lith. <i>graibyti</i>, Russ. <i>grabite</i> to plunder, Skr. <i>grah</i>, <i>grabh</i>, to seize. Cf. <u>Grip</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>, <u>Grope</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To catch with the hand; to clasp closely with the fingers; to clutch.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To seize and hold fast; to embrace closely.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Wouldst thou <i>gripe</i> both gain and pleasure ?</blockquote> <i>Robynson (More's Utopia).</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To pinch; to distress. Specifically, to cause pinching and spasmodic pain to the bowels of, as by the effects of certain purgative or indigestible substances.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>How inly sorrow <i>gripes</i> his soul.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gripe</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To clutch, hold, or pinch a thing, esp. money, with a gripe or as with a gripe.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To suffer griping pains.</def> <i>Jocke.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>To tend to come up into the wind, as a ship which, when sailing closehauled, requires constant labor at the helm.</def> <i>R. H. Dana, Jr.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gripe</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Grasp; seizure; fast hold; clutch.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A barren scepter in my <i>gripe</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>That on which the grasp is put; a handle; a grip; as, the <i>gripe</i> of a sword.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Mech.)</i> <def>A device for grasping or holding anything; a brake to stop a wheel.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Oppression; cruel exaction; affiction; pinching distress; as, the gripe of poverty.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>Pinching and spasmodic pain in the intestines; — chiefly used in the plural.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <i>(Naut.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The piece of timber which terminates the keel at the fore end; the forefoot.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The compass or sharpness of a ship's stern under the water, having a tendency to make her keep a good wind.</def> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <i>pl.</i> <def>An assemblage of ropes, dead-eyes, and hocks, fastened to ringbolts in the deck, to secure the boats when hoisted; also, broad bands passed around a boat to secure it at the davits and prevent swinging.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Gripe penny</b></col>, <col><b>a</b></col><cd> miser; a niggard.</cd> <i>D. L. Mackenzie.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gripe"ful</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Disposed to gripe; extortionate.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grip"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>One who gripes; an oppressor; an extortioner.</def> <i>Burton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Grip"ing*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a griping or oppressive manner.</def> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><hw>Grip"man</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The man who manipulates a grip.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grippe</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>The influenza or epidemic catarrh.</def> <i>Dunglison.</i></p>

<p><hw>Grip"per</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who, or that which, grips or seizes.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>pl.</i> <def>In printing presses, the fingers or nippers.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grip"ple</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A grasp; a gripe.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Grip"ple</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Dim. fr. gripe.] <def>Griping; greedy; covetous; tenacious.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Grip"ple*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality of being gripple.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Grip"sack`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A traveler's handbag.</def> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><hw>||Gris</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [OF. & F., fr. LL. <i>griseus</i>; of German origin; cf. MHG. <i>gris</i>, G. <i>greis</i>, hoary. Cf. <u>Grizzle</u>.] <def>Gray.</def> [R.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gris</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF., fr. <i>gris</i> gray. Cf. G. <i>grauwerk</i> (lit. gray work) the gray skin of the Siberian squirrel. See <u>Gris</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <def>A costly kind of fur.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gris</hw> (gr&ibreve;s), <pos><i>n. sing. & pl.</i></pos> [See <u>Grice</u> a pig.] <def>A little pig.</def> [Obs.] <i>Piers Plowman.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Gri"saille`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., from gris gray.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Fine Arts)</i> <def>Decorative painting in gray monochrome; — used in English especially for painted glass.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A kind of French fancy dress goods.</def> <i>Knight.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gris"am`ber</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Ambergris</u>.] <def>Ambergris.</def> [Obs.] <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Grise</hw> (gr&imacr;s), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Grice</u>, a pig.</def> [Prov. Eng.]</p>

<p><hw>Grise</hw> (gr&imacr;s or gr&emacr;s), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Prop. pl. of <i>gree</i> a step.] <def>A step (in a flight of stairs); a degree.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Every <i>grise</i> of fortune<BR> Is smoothed by that below.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gris"e*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [LL. <i>griseus</i>. See <u>Gris</u>.] <def>Of a light color, or white, mottled with black or brown; grizzled or grizzly.</def> <i>Maunder.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Gri*sette"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., fr. grisette a gray woolen cloth, fr. <i>gris</i> gray. Grisettes were so called because they wore gray gowns made of this stuff. See <u>Gars</u>.] <def>A French girl or young married woman of the lower class; more frequently, a young working woman who is fond of gallantry.</def> <i>Sterne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gris"kin</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Grise a <i>pig + - kin</i>.] <def>The spine of a hog.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Gri"sled</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Obs.] <def>See Grizzled.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gris"li*ness</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality or state of being grisly; horrid.</def> <i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gris"ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [OE, <i>grisly</i>, <i>grislich</i>, AS. <i>grislic</i>, <i>gryslic</i>, fr. <i>gr&?;san t</i>o shudder; cf. OD. <i>grijselick</i> horrible, OHG. <i>grisenl</i>?<i>ch</i>, and also AS. <i>gre</i>?<i>san</i> to frighten, and E. <i>gruesome</i>.] <def>Frightful; horrible; dreadful; harsh; as, <i>grisly</i> locks; a <i>grisly</i> specter.</def> "Grisly to behold." <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>A man of <i>grisly</i> and stern gravity.</blockquote> <i>Robynson (More's Utopia).</i></p>

<p><col><b>Grisly bear</b></col>. <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <cd>See under <u>Grizzly</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Gri"son</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., fr. <i>grison</i> gray, gray-haired, <i>gris</i> gray. See <u>Gris</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A South American animal of the family Mustelidae (<i>Galictis vittata</i>). It is about two feet long, exclusive of the tail. Its under parts are black. Also called <i>South American glutton</i>.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A South American monkey (<i>Lagothrix infumatus</i>), said to be gluttonous.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gri"sons</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [F.] <i>(Geog.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>Inhabitants of the eastern Swiss Alps.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <i>sing.</i> <def>The largest and most eastern of the Swiss cantons.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>grist</i>, fr. <i>grindan</i>. See <u>Grind</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Ground corn; that which is ground at one time; as much grain as is carried to the mill at one time, or the meal it produces.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Get grist to the mill to have plenty in store.</blockquote> <i>Tusser. Q.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Supply; provision.</def> <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>In rope making, a given size of rope, <i>common grist</i> being a rope three inches in circumference, with twenty yarns in each of the three strands.</def> <i>Knight.</i></p>

<p><col><b>All is grist that comes to his mill</b></col>, <cd>all that he has anything to do with is a source of profit.</cd> [Colloq.] — <col><b>To bring grist to the maill</b></col>, <cd>to bring profitable business into one's hands; to be a source of profit.</cd> [Colloq.] <i>Ayliffe.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gris"tle</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>gristel</i>, <i>gristil</i>, AS. <i>gristl</i>; akin to OFries. <i>gristel</i>, <i>grestel</i>. Perh. a dim. of <i>grist</i> but cf. OHG. <i>krustila</i>, <i>krostela</i>. Cf. <u>Grist</u>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Cartilage. See <u>Cartilage</u>.</def> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gris"tly</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Consisting of, or containing, gristle; like gristle; cartilaginous.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grist"mill"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A mill for grinding grain; especially, a mill for grinding grists, or portions of grain brought by different customers; a custom mill.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grit</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE, <i>greet</i>, <i>greot</i>, sand, gravel, AS. <i>gre&oacute;t</i> grit, sant, dust; akin to OS <i>griott</i>, OFries. <i>gret</i> gravel, OHG. <i>grioz</i>, G. <i>griess</i>, Icel. <i>grj&omacr;t</i>, and to E. <i>groats</i>, <i>grout</i>. See <u>Groats</u>, <u>Grout</u>, and cf. <u>Grail</u> gravel.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Sand or gravel; rough, hard particles.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The coarse part of meal.</def></p>

<p><! p. 652 !></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>pl.</i> <def>Grain, esp. oats or wheat, hulled and coarsely ground; in high milling, fragments of cracked wheat smaller than groats.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Geol.)</i> <def>A hard, coarse-grained siliceous sandstone; as, millstone <i>grit</i>; — called also <i>gritrock</i> and <i>gritstone.</i> The name is also applied to a finer sharp-grained sandstone; as, grindstone <i>grit</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>Structure, as adapted to grind or sharpen; as, a hone of good <i>grit</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>Firmness of mind; invincible spirit; unyielding courage; fortitude.</def> <i>C. Reade.</i> <i>E. P. Whipple.</i></p>

<p><hw>Grit</hw> (gr&ibreve;t), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To give forth a grating sound, as sand under the feet; to grate; to grind.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The sanded floor that <i>grits</i> beneath the tread.</blockquote> <i>Goldsmith.</i></p>

<p><hw>Grit</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Gritted</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. &, vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Gritting</u>.] <def>To grind; to rub harshly together; to grate; as, to grit the teeth.</def> [Collog.]</p>

<p><hw>Grith</hw> (gr&ibreve;th), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>gri&eth;</i> peace; akin to Icel. <i>grid</i>.] <def>Peace; security; agreement.</def> [Obs.] <i>Gower.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Grit"rock`</hw> (gr&ibreve;t"r&obreve;k`), <hw>Grit"stone`</hw> (-st&omacr;n`) } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Geol.)</i> <def>See <u>Grit</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, 4.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grit"ti*ness</hw> (-t&ibreve;*n&ebreve;s), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality of being gritty.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grit"ty</hw> (-t&ybreve;), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Containing sand or grit; consisting of grit; caused by grit; full of hard particles.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Spirited; resolute; unyielding.</def> [Colloq., U. S.]</p>

<p><hw>Griv"et</hw> (gr&ibreve;v"&ebreve;t), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>grivet</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A monkey of the upper Nile and Abyssinia (<i>Cercopithecus griseo-viridis</i>), having the upper parts dull green, the lower parts white, the hands, ears, and face black. It was known to the ancient Egyptians. Called also <i>tota</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grize</hw> (gr&imacr;z <i>or</i> gr&emacr;z), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>2d Grise</u>.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Griz"e*lin</hw> (gr&ibreve;z"&esl;*l&ibreve;n), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Gridelin</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Griz"zle</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>gris</i>: cf. <i>grisaille</i> hair partly gray, fr. <i>gris</i> gray. See <u>Gris</u>, and cf. <u>Grisaille</u>.] <def>Gray; a gray color; a mixture of white and black.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Griz"zled</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Gray; grayish; sprinkled or mixed with gray; of a mixed white and black.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Grizzled</i> hair flowing in elf locks.</blockquote> <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><hw>Griz"zly</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Somewhat gray; grizzled.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Old squirrels that turn <i>grizzly</i>.</blockquote> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Grizzly bear</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a large and ferocious bear (<i>Ursus horribilis</i>) of Western North America and the Rocky Mountains. It is remarkable for the great length of its claws.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Griz"zly</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Grizzlies</b></plw> (&?;). <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A grizzly bear. See under <u>Grizzly</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos></def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>pl.</i> <def>In hydraulic mining, gratings used to catch and throw out large stones from the sluices.</def> [Local, U. S.] <i>Raymond.</i></p>

<p><hw>Groan</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Groaned</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Groaning</u>.] [OE. <i>gronen</i>, <i>granen</i>, <i>granien</i>, AS. <i>gr&?;nian</i>, fr. the root of grennian to grin. &radic;35. See <u>2d Grin</u>, and cf. <u>Grunt</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To give forth a low, moaning sound in breathing; to utter a groan, as in pain, in sorrow, or in derision; to moan.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>For we . . . do <i>groan</i>, being burdened.</blockquote> <i>2 Cor. v. 4.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>He heard the <i>groaning</i> of the oak.</blockquote> <i>Sir W. Scott. </i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To strive after earnestly, as with groans.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Nothing but holy, pure, and clear,<BR> Or that which groaneth to be so.</blockquote> <i>Herbert.</i></p>

<p><hw>Groan</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To affect by groans.</def></p>

<p><hw>Groan</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A low, moaning sound; usually, a deep, mournful sound uttered in pain or great distress; sometimes, an expression of strong disapprobation; as, the remark was received with <i>groans</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Such <i>groans</i> of roaring wind and rain.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The wretched animal heaved forth such <i>groans</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Groan"ful</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Agonizing; sad.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Groat</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [LG. <i>gr&omacr;te</i>, orig., great, that is, a great piece of coin, larger than other coins in former use. See <u>Great</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>An old English silver coin, equal to four pence.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Any small sum of money.</def></p>

<p><hw>Groats</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [OE. <i>grot</i>, AS. <i>gr&amacr;tan</i>; akin to Icel. <i>grautr</i> porridge, and to E. <i>gritt</i>, <i>grout</i>. See <u>Grout</u>.] <def>Dried grain, as oats or wheat, hulled and broken or crushed; in high milling, cracked fragments of wheat larger than grits.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Embden groats</b></col>, <cd>crushed oats.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Gro"cer</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Formerly written grosser, orig., one who sells by the <i>gross</i>, or deals by wholesale, fr. F. <i>grossier</i>, marchand grossier, fr. <i>gros</i> large, great. See <u>Gross</u>.] <def>A trader who deals in tea, sugar, spices, coffee, fruits, and various other commodities.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Grocer's itch</b></col> <i>(Med.)</i>, <cd>a disease of the skin, caused by handling sugar and treacle.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Gro"cer*y</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Groceries</b></plw> (#). [F. <i>grosserie</i> wholesale. See <u>Grocer</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The commodities sold by grocers, as tea, coffee, spices, etc.; — in the United States almost always in the plural form, in this sense.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A deal box . . . to carry <i>groceries</i> in.</blockquote> <i>Goldsmith.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The shops at which the best families of the neighborhood bought <i>grocery</i> and millinery.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A retail grocer's shop or store.</def> [U. S.]</p>

<p><hw>Grog</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [So named from "Old <i>Grog</i>" a nickname given to Admiral Vernon, in allusion to his wearing a <i>grogram</i> cloak in foul weather. He is said to have been the first to dilute the rum of the sailors (about 1745).] <def>A mixture of spirit and water not sweetened; hence, any intoxicating liquor.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Grog blossom</b></col>, <cd>a redness on the nose or face of persons who drink ardent spirits to excess.</cd> [Collog.]</p>

<p><hw>Grog"ger*y</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Groggeries</b></plw> (#). <def>A grogshop.</def> [Slang, U. S.]</p>

<p><hw>Grog"gi*ness</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>State of being groggy.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Man.)</i> <def>Tenderness or stiffness in the foot of a horse, which causes him to move in a hobbling manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grog"gy</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Overcome with grog; tipsy; unsteady on the legs.</def> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Weakened in a fight so as to stagger; — said of pugilists.</def> [Cant or Slang]</p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Man.)</i> <def>Moving in a hobbling manner, owing to ten der feet; — said of a horse.</def> <i>Youatt.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Grog"ram</hw> (?), <hw>Grog"ran</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>gros-grain</i>, lit., gros-grain, of a coarse texture. See <u>Gross</u>, and <u>Grain</u> a kernel, and cf. <u>Grog</u>.] <def>A coarse stuff made of silk and mohair, or of coarse silk.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grog"shop`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A shop or room where strong liquors are sold and drunk; a dramshop.</def></p>

<p><hw>Groin</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>groin</i>, fr. <i>grogner</i> to grunt, L. <i>grunnire</i>.] <def>The snout of a swine.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Groin</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [F. <i>grogner</i> to grunt, grumble.] <def>To grunt to growl; to snarl; to murmur.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Bears that <i>groined</i> coatinually.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Groin</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Icel. <i>grein</i> distinction, division, branch; akin to Sw. <i>gren</i>, branch, space between the legs, Icel. <i>greina</i> to distinguish, divide, Sw. <i>grena</i> to branch, straddle. Cf. <u>Grain</u> a branch.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>The line between the lower part of the abdomen and the thigh, or the region of this line; the inguen.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>The projecting solid angle formed by the meeting of two vaults, growing more obtuse as it approaches the summit.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Math.)</i> <def>The surface formed by two such vaults.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>A frame of woodwork across a beach to accumulate and retain shingle.</def> [Eng.] <i>Weale.</i></p>

<p><hw>Groin</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Groined</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Groining</u>.] <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>To fashion into groins; to build with groins.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The hand that rounded Peter's dome,<BR> And <i>groined</i> the aisles of Christian Rome,<BR> Wrought in a sad sincerity.</blockquote> <i>Emerson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Groined</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>Built with groins; as, a <i>groined</i> ceiling; a <i>groined</i> vault.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grom"et</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Grommet</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grom"ill</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>See <u>Gromwell</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grom"met</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>gourmette</i> curb, curb chain, fr. <i>gourmer</i> to curb, thump, beat; cf. Armor. <i>gromm</i> a curb, <i>gromma</i> to curb.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A ring formed by twisting on itself a single strand of an unlaid rope; also, a metallic eyelet in or for a sail or a mailbag. Sometimes written <i>grummet</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Mil.)</i> <def>A ring of rope used as a wad to hold a cannon ball in place.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grom"well</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Called also <i>gromel</i>, <i>grommel</i>, <i>graymill</i>, and <i>gray</i> millet, all prob. fr. F. <i>gr</i>?<i>mil</i>, cf. W. <i>cromandi</i>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A plant of the genus <i>Lithospermum</i> (<i>L. arvense</i>), anciently used, because of its stony pericarp, in the cure of gravel. The <i>German gromwell</i> is the <i>Stellera</i>.</def> [Written also <i>gromill</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Grond</hw> (?), <def>obs. <pos><i>imp.</i></pos> of <u>Grind</u>.</def> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gron"te</hw> (?), <def>obs. <pos><i>imp.</i></pos> of <u>Groan</u>.</def> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Groom</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. Scot. <i>grome</i>, <i>groyme</i>, <i>grume</i>, <i>gome</i>, <i>guym</i>, man, lover, OD. <i>grom</i> boy, youth; perh. the <i>r</i> is an insertion as in E. <i>bridegroom</i>, and the word is the same as AS. <i>guma</i> man. See <u>Bridegroom</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A boy or young man; a waiter; a servant; especially, a man or boy who has charge of horses, or the stable.</def> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>One of several officers of the English royal household, chiefly in the lord chamberlain's department; as, the <i>groom</i> of the chamber; the <i>groom</i> of the stole.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A man recently married, or about to be married; a bridegroom.</def> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Groom porter</b></col>, <cd>formerly an officer in the English royal household, who attended to the furnishing of the king's lodgings and had certain privileges.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Groom</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Groomed</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Grooming</u>.] <def>To tend or care for, or to curry or clean, as a, horse.</def></p>

<p><hw>Groom"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who, or that which, grooms horses; especially, a brush rotated by a flexible or jointed revolving shaft, for cleaning horses.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grooms"man</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Groomsmen</b></plw> (&?;). <def>A male attendant of a bridegroom at his wedding; — the correlative of bridesmaid.</def></p>

<p><hw>Groop"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>See <u>Grouper</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Groove</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [D. <i>groef</i>, <i>groeve</i>; akin to E. <i>grove</i>. See <u>Grove</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A furrow, channel, or long hollow, such as may be formed by cutting, molding, grinding, the wearing force of flowing water, or constant travel; a depressed way; a worn path; a rut.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Hence: The habitual course of life, work, or affairs; fixed routine.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The gregarious trifling of life in the social <i>groove</i>.</blockquote> <i>J. Morley.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> [See <u>Grove</u>.] <i>(Mining)</i> <def>A shaft or excavation.</def> [Prov. Eng.]</p>

<p><hw>Groove</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Grooved</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Groving</u>.] <def>To cut a groove or channel in; to form into channels or grooves; to furrow.</def></p>

<p><hw>Groov"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who or that which grooves.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A miner.</def> [Prov. Eng.] <i>Holloway.</i></p>

<p><hw>Groov"ing</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The act of forming a groove or grooves; a groove, or collection of grooves.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grope</hw> (gr&omacr;p), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Groped</u> (gr&omacr;pt); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Groping</u>.] [OE. <i>gropen</i>, <i>gropien</i>, <i>grapien</i>, AS. <i>gr&amacr;pian</i> to touch, grope, fr. <i>gr&imacr;pan</i> to gripe. See <u>Gripe</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To feel with or use the hands; to handle.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To search or attempt to find something in the dark, or, as a blind person, by feeling; to move about hesitatingly, as in darkness or obscurity; to feel one's way, as with the hands, when one can not see.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>We <i>grope</i> for the wall like the blind.</blockquote> <i>Is. lix. 10.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>To <i>grope</i> a little longer among the miseries and sensualities ot a worldly life.</blockquote> <i>Buckminster.</i></p>

<p><hw>Grope</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To search out by feeling in the dark; as, we groped our way at midnight.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To examine; to test; to sound.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Felix <i>gropeth</i> him, thinking to have a bribe.</blockquote> <i>Genevan Test. (Acts xxiv. ).</i></p>

<p><hw>Grop"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who gropes; one who feels his way in the dark, or searches by feeling.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grop"ing-ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a groping manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Gros</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. See <u>Gross</u>.] <def>A heavy silk with a dull finish; as, <i>gros</i> de Naples; <i>gros</i> de Tours.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gros"beak</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Gross</i> + beak: cf. F. <i>gros-bec</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of various species of finches having a large, stout beak. The common European grosbeak or hawfinch is <i>Coccothraustes vulgaris</i>.</def></p>

<p>&fist; Among the best known American species are the rose-breasted (<i>Habia Ludoviciana</i>); the blue (<i>Guiraca c&oelig;rulea</i>); the pine (<i>Pinicola enucleator</i>); and the evening grosbeak. See <u>Hawfinch</u>, and <i>Cardinal grosbeak</i>, <i>Evening grosbeak</i>, under <u>Cardinal</u> and <u>Evening</u>. [Written also <i>grossbeak</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>||Grosch"en</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [G.] <def>A small silver coin and money of account of Germany, worth about two cents. It is not included in the new monetary system of the empire.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gros"grain`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [F. Cf. <u>Grogram</u>.] <def>Of a coarse texture; — applied to silk with a heavy thread running crosswise.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gross</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<pos><i>Compar.</i></pos> <u>Grosser</u> (&?;); <pos><i>superl.</i></pos> <u>Grossest</u>.] [F. <i>gros</i>, L. <i>grossus</i>, perh. fr. L. <i>crassus</i> thick, dense, fat, E. <i>crass</i>, cf. Skr. <i>grathita</i> tied together, wound up, hardened. Cf. <u>Engross</u>, <u>Grocer</u>, <u>Grogram</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Great; large; bulky; fat; of huge size; excessively large.</def> "A <i>gross</i> fat man." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>A <i>gross</i> body of horse under the Duke.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Coarse; rough; not fine or delicate.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Not easily aroused or excited; not sensitive in perception or feeling; dull; witless.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Tell her of things that no <i>gross</i> ear can hear.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Expressing, or originating in, animal or sensual appetites; hence, coarse, vulgar, low, obscene, or impure.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The terms which are delicate in one age become <i>gross</i> in the next.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>Thick; dense; not attenuated; as, a gross medium.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>Great; palpable; serious; vagrant; shameful; as, a <i>gross</i> mistake; <i>gross</i> injustice; <i>gross</i> negligence.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <def>Whole; entire; total; without deduction; as, the <i>gross</i> sum, or <i>gross</i> amount, the <i>gross</i> weight; — opposed to <i>net</i>.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Gross adventure</b></col> <i>(Law)</i> <cd>the loan of money upon bottomry, <i>i. e.</i>, on a mortgage of a ship.</cd> — <col><b>Gross average</b></col> <i>(Law)</i>, <cd>that kind of average which falls upon the gross or entire amount of ship, cargo, and freight; — commonly called <i>general average</i>.</cd> <i>Bouvier.</i> <i>Burrill.</i> — <col><b>Gross receipts</b></col>, <cd>the total of the receipts, before they are diminished by any deduction, as for expenses; — distinguished from <i>net profits</i>.</cd> <i>Abbott.</i> — <col><b>Gross weight</b></col> <cd>the total weight of merchandise or goods, without deduction for tare, tret, or waste; — distinguished from <i>neat, or net, weight</i>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Gross</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>gros</i> (in sense 1), <i>grosse</i> (in sense 2). See <u>Gross</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The main body; the chief part, bulk, or mass.</def> "The gross of the enemy." <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>For the <i>gross</i> of the people, they are considered as a mere herd of cattle.</blockquote> <i>Burke.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <pos><i>sing. & pl.</i></pos> <def>The number of twelve dozen; twelve times twelve; as, a <i>gross</i> of bottles; ten <i>gross</i> of pens.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Advowson in gross</b></col> <i>(Law)</i>, <cd>an advowson belonging to a person, and not to a manor.</cd> — <col><b>A great gross</b></col>, <cd>twelve gross; one hundred and forty-four dozen.</cd> — <col><b>By the gross</b></col>, <cd>by the quantity; at wholesale.</cd> — <col><b>Common in gross</b></col>. <i>(Law)</i> <cd>See under <u>Common</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></cd> — <col><b>In the gross</b></col>, <col><b>In gross</b></col>, <cd>in the bulk, or the undivided whole; all parts taken together.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Gross"beak`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>See <u>Grosbeak</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gross"-head`ed</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Thick- skulled; stupid.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gross`i*fi*ca"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Gross</i> + L. <i>ficare</i> (in comp.) to make. See <u>- fy</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of making gross or thick, or the state of becoming so.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The swelling of the ovary of plants after fertilization. Henslow.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gross"ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a gross manner; greatly; coarsely; without delicacy; shamefully; disgracefully.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gross"ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The state or quality of being gross; thickness; corpulence; coarseness; shamefulness.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Abhor the swinish <i>grossness</i> that delights to wound the' ear of delicacy.</blockquote> <i>Dr. T. Dwight. </i></p>

<p><hw>Gros"su*lar</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [NL. <i>grossularius</i>, from <i>Grossularia</i> a subgenus of <i>Ribes</i>, including the gooseberry, fr. F. <i>groseille</i>. See <u>Gooseberry</u>.] <def>Pertaining too, or resembling, a gooseberry; as, <i>grossular</i> garnet.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gros"su*lar</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Grossular</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>A translucent garnet of a pale green color like that of the gooseberry; — called also <i>grossularite</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Gros`su*la"ria</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Grossular</u>.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Grossular</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gros"su*lin</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Grossular</u>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A vegetable jelly, resembling pectin, found in gooseberries (<i>Ribes Grossularia</i>) and other fruits.</def></p>

<p><! p. 653 !></p>

<p><hw>Grot</hw> (gr&obreve;t), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>grotte</i>, It. <i>grotta</i>. See <u>Grotto</u>.] <def>A grotto.</def> [Poetic] <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Grot</hw>, <hw>Grote</hw> (&?;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A groat.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gro*tesque"</hw> (gr&osl;*t&ebreve;sk"), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [F., fr. It. <i>grottesco</i>, fr. <i>grotta</i> grotto. See <u>Grotto</u>.] <def>Like the figures found in ancient grottoes; grottolike; wildly or strangely formed; whimsical; extravagant; of irregular forms and proportions; fantastic; ludicrous; antic.</def> "<i>Grotesque</i> design." <i>Dryden.</i> "<i>Grotesque</i> incidents." <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gro*tesque</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A whimsical figure, or scene, such as is found in old crypts and grottoes.</def> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Artificial grotto-work.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gro*tesque"ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a grotesque manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gro*tesque"ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Quality of being grotesque.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grot"to</hw> (gr&obreve;t"t&osl;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Grottoes</b></plw> (-t&omacr;z). [Formerly <i>grotta</i>, fr. It. <i>grotta</i>, LL. <i>grupta</i>, fr. L. <i>crypta</i> a concealed subterranean passage, vault, cavern, Gr. <grk>kry`pth</grk>, fr. <grk>krypto`s</grk> concealed, fr. <grk>kry`ptein</grk> to conceal. Cf. <u>Grot</u>, <u>Crypt</u>.] <def>A natural covered opening in the earth; a cave; also, an artificial recess, cave, or cavernlike apartment.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grot"to-work`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Artificial and ornamental rockwork in imitation of a grotto.</def> <i>Cowper.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ground</hw> (ground), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>ground</i>, <i>grund</i>, AS. <i>grund</i>; akin to D. <i>grond</i>, OS., G., Sw., & Dan. <i>grund</i>, Icel. <i>grunnr</i> bottom, Goth. <i>grundus</i> (in composition); perh. orig. meaning, dust, gravel, and if so perh. akin to E. <i>grind</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The surface of the earth; the outer crust of the globe, or some indefinite portion of it.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>There was not a man to till the <i>ground</i>.</blockquote> <i>Gen. ii. 5.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The fire ran along upon the <i>ground</i>.</blockquote> <i>Ex. ix. 23. </i></p>

<p>Hence: <def>A floor or pavement supposed to rest upon the earth.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Any definite portion of the earth's surface; region; territory; country. Hence: A territory appropriated to, or resorted to, for a particular purpose; the field or place of action; as, a hunting or fishing <i>ground</i>; a play <i>ground</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>From . . . old Euphrates, to the brook that parts Egypt from Syrian <i>ground</i>.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Land; estate; possession; field; esp. (<i>pl.</i>), the gardens, lawns, fields, etc., belonging to a homestead; as, the <i>grounds</i> of the estate are well kept.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Thy next design is on thy neighbor's <i>grounds</i>.</blockquote> <i>Dryden. 4. </i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>The basis on which anything rests; foundation. Hence: The foundation of knowledge, belief, or conviction; a premise, reason, or datum; ultimate or first principle; cause of existence or occurrence; originating force or agency; as, the <i>ground</i> of my hope.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <i>(Paint. & Decorative Art)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>That surface upon which the figures of a composition are set, and which relieves them by its plainness, being either of one tint or of tints but slightly contrasted with one another; as, crimson Bowers on a white <i>ground</i>.</def> See <u>Background</u>, <u>Foreground</u>, and <u>Middle-ground</u>. <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>In sculpture, a flat surface upon which figures are raised in relief.</def> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <def>In point lace, the net of small meshes upon which the embroidered pattern is applied; as, Brussels <i>ground</i>. See <i>Brussels lace</i>, under <u>Brussels</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <i>(Etching)</i> <def>A gummy composition spread over the surface of a metal to be etched, to prevent the acid from eating except where an opening is made by the needle.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>One of the pieces of wood, flush with the plastering, to which moldings, etc., are attached; — usually in the plural.</def></p>

<p>&fist; Grounds are usually put up first and the plastering floated flush with them.</p>

<p><sn><b>8.</b></sn> <i>(Mus.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A composition in which the bass, consisting of a few bars of independent notes, is continually repeated to a varying melody.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The tune on which descants are raised; the plain song.</def> <i>Moore (Encyc.).</i></p>

<p><blockquote>On that <i>ground</i> I'll build a holy descant.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>9.</b></sn> <i>(Elec.)</i> <def>A conducting connection with the earth, whereby the earth is made part of an electrical circuit.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>10.</b></sn> <i>pl.</i> <def>Sediment at the bottom of liquors or liquids; dregs; lees; feces; as, coffee grounds.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>11.</b></sn> <def>The pit of a theater.</def> [Obs.] <i>B. Jonson.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Ground angling</b></col>, <cd>angling with a weighted line without a float.</cd> — <col><b>Ground annual</b></col> <i>(Scots Law)</i>, <cd>an estate created in land by a vassal who instead of selling his land outright reserves an annual ground rent, which becomes a perpetual charge upon the land.</cd> — <col><b>Ground ash</b></col>. <i>(Bot.)</i> <cd>See <u>Groutweed</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Ground bailiff</b></col> <i>(Mining)</i>, <cd>a superintendent of mines.</cd> <i>Simmonds.</i> — <col><b>Ground bait</b></col>, <cd>bits of bread, boiled barley or worms, etc., thrown into the water to collect the fish,</cd> <i>Wallon.</i> — <col><b>Ground bass</b></col> or <col><b>base</b></col> <i>(Mus.)</i>, <cd>fundamental base; a fundamental base continually repeated to a varied melody.</cd> — <col><b>Ground beetle</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>one of numerous species of carnivorous beetles of the family <i>Carabid&aelig;</i>, living mostly in burrows or under stones, etc.</cd> — <col><b>Ground chamber</b></col>, <cd>a room on the ground floor.</cd> — <col><b>Ground cherry</b></col>. <i>(Bot.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>A genus (<i>Physalis</i>) of herbaceous plants having an inflated calyx for a seed pod: esp., the strawberry tomato (<i>P. Alkekengi</i>). See <u>Alkekengl</u>.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>A European shrub (<i>Prunus Cham&aelig;cerasus</i>), with small, very acid fruit.</cd> — <col><b>Ground cuckoo</b></col>. <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <cd>See <u>Chaparral cock</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Ground cypress</b></col>. <i>(Bot.)</i> <cd>See <u>Lavender cotton</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Ground dove</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>one of several small American pigeons of the genus <i>Columbigallina</i>, esp. <i>C. passerina</i> of the Southern United States, Mexico, etc. They live chiefly on the ground.</cd> — <col><b>Ground fish</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>any fish which constantly lives on the botton of the sea, as the sole, turbot, halibut.</cd> — <col><b>Ground floor</b></col>, <cd>the floor of a house most nearly on a level with the ground; — called also in America, but not in England, the <i>first floor</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Ground form</b></col> <i>(Gram.)</i>, <cd>the stem or basis of a word, to which the other parts are added in declension or conjugation. It is sometimes, but not always, the same as the root.</cd> — <col><b>Ground furze</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>a low slightly thorny, leguminous shrub (<i>Ononis arvensis</i>) of Europe and Central Asia,; — called also <i>rest- harrow</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Ground game</b></col>, <cd>hares, rabbits, etc., as distinguished from winged game.</cd> — <col><b>Ground hele</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>a perennial herb (<i>Veronica officinalis</i>) with small blue flowers, common in Europe and America, formerly thought to have curative properties.</cd> — <col><b>Ground of the heavens</b></col> <i>(Astron.)</i>, <cd>the surface of any part of the celestial sphere upon which the stars may be regarded as projected.</cd> — <col><b>Ground hemlock</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>the yew (<i>Taxus baccata</i> var. <i>Canadensisi</i>) of eastern North America, distinguished from that of Europe by its low, straggling stems.</cd> — <col><b>Ground hog</b></col>. <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>The woodchuck or American marmot (<i>Arctomys monax</i>). See <u>Woodchuck</u>.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>The aardvark.</cd> — <col><b>Ground hold</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>ground tackle.</cd> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i> — <col><b>Ground ice</b></col>, <cd>ice formed at the bottom of a body of water before it forms on the surface.</cd> — <col><b>Ground ivy</b></col>. <i>(Bot.)</i> <cd>A trailing plant; alehoof. See <u>Gill</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Ground joist</b></col>, <cd>a joist for a basement or ground floor; a. sleeper.</cd> — <col><b>Ground lark</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the European pipit. See <u>Pipit</u>.</cd> - - <col><b>Ground laurel</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>. <cd>See <u>Trailing arbutus</u>, under <u>Arbutus</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Ground line</b></col> <i>(Descriptive Geom.)</i>, <cd>the line of intersection of the horizontal and vertical planes of projection.</cd> — <col><b>Ground liverwort</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>a flowerless plant with a broad flat forking thallus and the fruit raised on peduncled and radiated receptacles (<i>Marchantia polymorpha</i>).</cd> — <col><b>Ground mail</b></col>, <cd>in Scotland, the fee paid for interment in a churchyard.</cd> — <col><b>Ground mass</b></col> <i>(Geol.)</i>, <cd>the fine-grained or glassy base of a rock, in which distinct crystals of its constituents are embedded.</cd> — <col><b>Ground parrakeet</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>one of several Australian parrakeets, of the genera <i>Callipsittacus</i> and <i>Geopsittacus</i>, which live mainly upon the ground.</cd> — <col><b>Ground pearl</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>an insect of the family <i>Coccid&aelig;</i> (<i>Margarodes formicarum</i>), found in ants' nests in the Bahamas, and having a shelly covering. They are strung like beads, and made into necklaces by the natives.</cd> — <col><b>Ground pig</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a large, burrowing, African rodent (<i>Aulacodus Swinderianus</i>) about two feet long, allied to the porcupines but with harsh, bristly hair, and no spines; — called also <i>ground rat</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Ground pigeon</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>one of numerous species of pigeons which live largely upon the ground, as the tooth-billed pigeon (<i>Didunculus strigirostris</i>), of the Samoan Islands, and the crowned pigeon, or goura. See <u>Goura</u>, and <u>Ground dove</u> (<i>above</i>).</cd> — <col><b>Ground pine</b></col>. <i>(Bot.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>A blue-flowered herb of the genus <i>Ajuga</i> (<i>A. Cham&aelig;pitys</i>), formerly included in the genus <i>Teucrium</i> or germander, and named from its resinous smell.</cd> <i>Sir J. Hill.</i> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>A long, creeping, evergreen plant of the genus <i>Lycopodium</i> (<i>L. clavatum</i>); — called also <i>club moss</i>.</cd> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <cd>A tree-shaped evergreen plant about eight inches in height, of the same genus (<i>L. dendroideum</i>) found in moist, dark woods in the northern part of the United States.</cd> <i>Gray.</i> — <col><b>Ground plan</b></col> <i>(Arch.)</i>, <cd>a plan of the ground floor of any building, or of any floor, as distinguished from an elevation or perpendicular section.</cd> — <col><b>Ground plane</b></col>, <cd>the horizontal plane of projection in perspective drawing.</cd> — <col><b>Ground plate</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <i>(Arch.)</i> <cd>One of the chief pieces of framing of a building; a timber laid horizontally on or near the ground to support the uprights; a ground sill or groundsel.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <i>(Railroads)</i> <cd>A bed plate for sleepers or ties; a mudsill.</cd> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <i>(Teleg.)</i> <cd>A metallic plate buried in the earth to conduct the electric current thereto. Connection to the pipes of a gas or water main is usual in cities.</cd> <i>Knight.</i> — <col><b>Ground plot</b></col>, <cd>the ground upon which any structure is erected; hence, any basis or foundation; also, a ground plan.</cd> — <col><b>Ground plum</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>a leguminous plant (<i>Astragalus caryocarpus</i>) occurring from the Saskatchewan to Texas, and having a succulent plum-shaped pod.</cd> — <col><b>Ground rat</b></col>. <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <cd>See <u>Ground pig</u> (<i>above</i>).</cd> — <col><b>Ground rent</b></col>, <cd>rent paid for the privilege of building on another man's land.</cd> — <col><b>Ground robin</b></col>. <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <cd>See <u>Chewink</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Ground room</b></col>, <cd>a room on the ground floor; a lower room.</cd> <i>Tatler.</i> — <col><b>Ground sea</b></col>, <cd>the West Indian name for a swell of the ocean, which occurs in calm weather and without obvious cause, breaking on the shore in heavy roaring billows; — called also <i>rollers</i>, and in Jamaica, <i>the North sea</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Ground sill</b></col>. <cd>See <u>Ground plate</u> (<i>a</i>) (<i>above</i>).</cd> — <col><b>Ground snake</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a small burrowing American snake (<i>Celuta am&oelig;na</i>). It is salmon colored, and has a blunt tail.</cd> — <col><b>Ground squirrel</b></col>. <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>One of numerous species of burrowing rodents of the genera <i>Tamias</i> and <i>Spermophilus</i>, having cheek pouches. The former genus includes the Eastern striped squirrel or chipmunk and some allied Western species; the latter includes the prairie squirrel or striped gopher, the gray gopher, and many allied Western species. See <u>Chipmunk</u>, and <u>Gopher</u>.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>Any species of the African genus <i>Xerus</i>, allied to <i>Tamias</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Ground story</b></col>. <cd>Same as <i>Ground floor</i> (<i>above</i>).</cd> — <col><b>Ground substance</b></col> <i>(Anat.)</i>, <cd>the intercellular substance, or matrix, of tissues.</cd> — <col><b>Ground swell</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <i>(Bot.)</i> <cd>The plant groundsel.</cd> [Obs.] <i>Holland.</i> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>A broad, deep swell or undulation of the ocean, caused by a long continued gale, and felt even at a remote distance after the gale has ceased.</cd> — <col><b>Ground table</b></col>. <i>(Arch.)</i> <cd>See Earth table, under Earth.</cd> — <col><b>Ground tackle</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>the tackle necessary to secure a vessel at anchor.</cd> <i>Totten.</i> — <col><b>Ground thrush</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>one of numerous species of bright-colored Oriental birds of the family <i>Pittid&aelig;</i>. See <u>Pitta</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Ground tier</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>The lowest tier of water casks in a vessel's hold.</cd> <i>Totten.</i> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>The lowest line of articles of any kind stowed in a vessel's hold.</cd> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <cd>The lowest range of boxes in a theater.</cd> — <col><b>Ground timbers</b></col> <i>(Shipbuilding)</i> <cd>the timbers which lie on the keel and are bolted to the keelson; floor timbers.</cd> <i>Knight.</i> — <col><b>Ground tit</b></col>. <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <cd>See <u>Ground wren</u> (<i>below</i>).</cd> - - <col><b>Ground wheel</b></col>, <cd>that wheel of a harvester, mowing machine, etc., which, rolling on the ground, drives the mechanism.</cd> — <col><b>Ground wren</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a small California bird (<i>Cham&aelig;a fasciata</i>) allied to the wrens and titmice. It inhabits the arid plains. Called also <i>ground tit</i>, and <i>wren tit</i>.</cd> — <col><b>To bite the ground</b></col>, <col><b>To break ground</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Bite</u>, <u>Break</u>.</cd> — <col><b>To come to the ground</b></col>, <col><b>To fall to the ground</b></col>, <cd>to come to nothing; to fail; to miscarry.</cd> — <col><b>To gain ground</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>To advance; to proceed forward in conflict; as, an army in battle <i>gains ground</i>.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>To obtain an advantage; to have some success; as, the army <i>gains ground</i> on the enemy.</cd> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <cd>To gain credit; to become more prosperous or influential.</cd> — <col><b>To get, or To gather</b></col>, <col><b>ground</b></col>, <cd>to gain ground.</cd> [R.] "Evening mist . . . <i>gathers ground</i> fast." <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>There is no way for duty to prevail, and <i>get ground</i> of them, but by bidding higher.</blockquote> <i>South.</i></p>

<p>— <col><b>To give ground</b></col>, <cd>to recede; to yield advantage.</cd></p>

<p><blockquote>These nine . . . began <i>to give</i> me <i>ground</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p>— <col><b>To lose ground</b></col>, <cd>to retire; to retreat; to withdraw from the position taken; hence, to lose advantage; to lose credit or reputation; to decline.</cd> — <col><b>To stand one's ground</b></col>, <cd>to stand firm; to resist attack or encroachment.</cd> <i>Atterbury.</i> — <col><b>To take the ground</b></col> <cd>to touch bottom or become stranded; — said of a ship.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Ground</hw> (ground), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Grounded</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Grounding</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To lay, set, or run, on the ground.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To found; to fix or set, as on a foundation, reason, or principle; to furnish a ground for; to fix firmly.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Being rooted and <i>grounded</i> in love.</blockquote> <i>Eph. iii. 17.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>So far from warranting any inference to the existence of a God, would, on the contrary, <i>ground</i> even an argument to his negation.</blockquote> <i>Sir W. Hamilton </i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To instruct in elements or first principles.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Elec.)</i> <def>To connect with the ground so as to make the earth a part of an electrical circuit.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <i>(Fine Arts)</i> <def>To cover with a ground, as a copper plate for etching (see <u>Ground</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, 5); or as paper or other materials with a uniform tint as a preparation for ornament.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ground</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To run aground; to strike the bottom and remain fixed; as, the ship <i>grounded</i> on the bar.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ground</hw>, <def><pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> of <u>Grind</u>.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Ground cock</b></col>, <cd>a cock, the plug of which is ground into its seat, as distinguished from a compression cock.</cd> <i>Knight.</i> — <col><b>Ground glass</b></col>, <cd>glass the transparency of which has been destroyed by having its surface roughened by grinding.</cd> — <col><b>Ground joint</b></col>, <cd>a close joint made by grinding together two pieces, as of metal with emery and oil, or of glass with fine sand and water.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Ground"age</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A local tax paid by a ship for the ground or space it occupies while in port.</def> <i>Bouvier.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ground"ed*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a grounded or firmly established manner.</def> <i>Glanvill.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ground"en</hw> (?), obs. <def><pos><i>p. p.</i></pos> of <u>Grind</u>.</def> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ground"ing</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The act, method, or process of laying a groundwork or foundation; hence, elementary instruction; the act or process of applying a ground, as of color, to wall paper, cotton cloth, etc.; a basis.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ground"less</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [AS. <i>grundle&aacute;s</i> bottomless.] <def>Without ground or foundation; wanting cause or reason for support; not authorized; false; as, <i>groundless</i> fear; a <i>groundless</i> report or assertion.</def> — <wf>Ground"less*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <pos><i>Ground"less*ness</i></pos>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Ground"ling</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Ground</i> + <i>- ling</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A fish that keeps at the bottom of the water, as the loach.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A spectator in the pit of a theater, which formerly was on the ground, and without floor or benches.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>No comic buffoon to make the <i>groundlings</i> laugh.</blockquote> <i>Coleridge.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ground"ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>Solidly; deeply; thoroughly.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Those whom princes do once <i>groundly</i> hate, Let them provide to die as sure us fate.</blockquote> <i>Marston.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ground"nut`</hw> (-n&ubreve;t`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The fruit of the <i>Arachis hypog&aelig;a</i> (native country uncertain); the peanut; the earthnut.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A leguminous, twining plant (<i>Apios tuberosa</i>), producing clusters of dark purple flowers and having a root tuberous and pleasant to the taste.</def> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <def>The dwarf ginseng (<i>Aralia trifolia</i>).</def> [U. S.] <i>Gray.</i> <sd><i>(d)</i></sd> <def>A European plant of the genus <i>Bunium</i> (<i>B. flexuosum</i>), having an edible root of a globular shape and sweet, aromatic taste; — called also <i>earthnut</i>, <i>earth chestnut</i>, <i>hawknut</i>, and <i>pignut</i>.</def><BR> [1913 Webster]</p>

<p><hw>Ground"sel</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>grundswilie</i>, AS. <i>grundeswylige</i>, <i>grundeswelge</i>, earlier <i>gundiswilge</i>; <i>gund</i> matter, pus + <i>swelgan</i> to swallow. So named as being good for a running from the eye. See <u>Swallow</u>, <pos><i>v.</i></pos>] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>An annual composite plant (<i>Senecio vulgaris</i>), one of the most common and widely distributed weeds on the globe.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ground"sel</hw> (?), <hw>Ground"sill`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Ground</i> + <i>sill</i>.] <def>See <i>Ground plate</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd>, under <u>Ground</u></def></p>

<p><hw>Ground"work`</hw> (-w&ucirc;rk`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>That which forms the foundation or support of anything; the basis; the essential or fundamental part; first principle.</def> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Group</hw> (gr&oomac;p), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F <i>groupe</i>, It. <i>gruppo</i>, <i>groppo</i>, cluster, bunch, packet, group; of G. origin: cf. G. <i>kropf</i> craw, crop, tumor, bunch. See <u>Crop</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A cluster, crowd, or throng; an assemblage, either of persons or things, collected without any regular form or arrangement; as, a <i>group</i> of men or of trees; a <i>group</i> of isles.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>An assemblage of objects in a certain order or relation, or having some resemblance or common characteristic; as, <i>groups</i> of strata.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>A variously limited assemblage of animals or plants, having some resemblance, or common characteristics in form or structure. The term has different uses, and may be made to include certain species of a genus, or a whole genus, or certain genera, or even several orders.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Mus.)</i> <def>A number of eighth, sixteenth, etc., notes joined at the stems; — sometimes rather indefinitely applied to any ornament made up of a few short notes.</def></p>

<p><hw>Group</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Grouped</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Grouping</u>.] [Cf. F. <i>grouper</i>. See <u>Group</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <def>To form a group of; to arrange or combine in a group or in groups, often with reference to mutual relation and the best effect; to form an assemblage of.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The difficulty lies in drawing and disposing, or, as the painters term it, in <i>grouping</i> such a multitude of different objects.</blockquote> <i>Prior.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Grouped columns</b></col> <i>(Arch.)</i>, <cd>three or more columns placed upon the same pedestal.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Group"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Corrupted fr. Pg. <i>garupa</i> crupper. Cf. <u>Garbupa</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>One of several species of valuable food fishes of the genus <i>Epinephelus</i>, of the family <i>Serranid&aelig;</i>, as the red grouper, or brown snapper (<i>E. morio</i>), and the black grouper, or warsaw (<i>E. nigritus</i>), both from Florida and the Gulf of Mexico.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The tripletail (<i>Lobotes</i>).</def> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <def>In California, the name is often applied to the rockfishes.</def> [Written also <i>groper</i>, <i>gruper</i>, and <i>trooper</i>.]</p>

<p><! p. 654 !></p>

<p><hw>Group"ing</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Fine Arts)</i> <def>The disposal or relative arrangement of figures or objects, as in, drawing, painting, and sculpture, or in ornamental design.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grouse</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. sing. & pl.</i></pos> [Prob. after the analogy of mouse, mice, fr. the earlier <i>grice</i>, OF. <i>griesche</i> meor hen: cf. F. <i>piegri&egrave;che</i> shrike.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any of the numerous species of gallinaceous birds of the family <i>Tetraonid&aelig;</i>, and subfamily <i>Tetraonin&aelig;</i>, inhabiting Europe, Asia, and North America. They have plump bodies, strong, well-feathered legs, and usually mottled plumage. The group includes the ptarmigans (<i>Lagopus</i>), having feathered feet.</def></p>

<p>&fist; Among the European species are the red grouse (<i>Lagopus Scoticus</i>) and the hazel grouse (<i>Bonasa betulina</i>). See <u>Capercaidzie</u>, <u>Ptarmigan</u>, and <u>Heath grouse</u>. Among the most important American species are the ruffed grouse, or New England partridge (<i>Bonasa umbellus</i>); the sharp-tailed grouse (<i>Pedioc&aelig;tes phasianellus</i>) of the West; the dusky blue, or pine grouse (<i>Dendragapus obscurus</i>) of the Rocky Mountains; the Canada grouse, or spruce partridge (<i>D. Canadensis</i>). See also <u>Prairie hen</u>, and <u>Sage cock</u>. The Old World sand grouse (<i>Pterocles</i>, <i>etc.</i>) belong to a very different family. See <u>Pterocletes</u>, and <i>Sand grouse</i>.</p>

<p><hw>Grouse</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To seek or shoot grouse.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grou"ser</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Dredging, Pile Driving, etc.)</i> <def>A pointed timber attached to a boat and sliding vertically, to thrust into the ground as a means of anchorage.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grout</hw> (grout), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>gr&umacr;t</i>; akin to <i>grytt</i>, G. <i>gr&uuml;tze</i>, <i>griess</i>, Icel. <i>grautr</i>, Lith. <i>grudas</i> corn, kernel, and E. <i>groats</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Coarse meal; ground malt;</def> <i>pl.</i> <def>groats.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Formerly, a kind of beer or ale.</def> [Eng.]</p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>pl.</i> <def>Lees; dregs; grounds.</def> [Eng.] "<i>Grouts</i> of tea." <i>Dickens.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>A thin, coarse mortar, used for pouring into the joints of masonry and brickwork; also, a finer material, used in finishing the best ceilings.</def> <i>Gwilt.</i></p>

<p><hw>Grout</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Grouted</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Grouting</u>.] <def>To fill up or finish with grout, as the joints between stones.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grout"head`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Obs.] <def>See <u>Growthead</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grout"ing</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The process of filling in or finishing with grout; also, the grout thus filled in.</def> <i>Gwilt.</i></p>

<p><hw>Grout"nol</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Groat</u>, and <u>Noll</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] [Obs.] <def>Same as <u>Growthead.</u></def> <i>Beau. & Fl.</i></p>

<p><hw>Grout"y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Cross; sulky; sullen.</def> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><hw>Grove</hw> (gr&omacr;v), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>graf</i>, fr. <i>grafan</i> to dig. The original sense seems to have been <i>a lane cut through trees</i>. See <u>Grave</u>, <pos><i>v.</i></pos>, and cf. <u>Groove</u>.] <def>A smaller group of trees than a forest, and without underwood, planted, or growing naturally as if arranged by art; a wood of small extent.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The Hebrew word <i>Asherah</i>, rendered <i>grove</i> in the Authorized Version of the Bible, is left untranslated in the Revised Version. Almost all modern interpreters agree that by <i>Asherah</i> an idol or image of some kind is intended.</p>

<p><hw>Grov"el</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Groveled</u> (?) or <u>Grovelled</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Groveling</u> or <u>Grovelling</u>.] [From OE. <i>grovelinge</i>, <i>grufelinge</i>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos>, on the face, prone, which was misunderstood as a p. pr.; cf. OE. <i>gruf</i>, <i>groff</i>, in the same sense; of Scand. origin, cf. Icel. <i>gr&umacr;fa</i>, in <i>&amacr; gr&umacr;fu</i> on the face, prone, <i>gr&umacr;fa</i> to grovel.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To creep on the earth, or with the face to the ground; to lie prone, or move uneasily with the body prostrate on the earth; to lie flat on one's belly, expressive of abjectness; to crawl.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>To creep and <i>grovel</i> on the ground.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To tend toward, or delight in, what is sensual or base; to be low, abject, or mean.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grov"el*er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who grovels; an abject wretch.</def> [Written also <i>groveller.</i>]</p>

<p><hw>Grov"el*ing</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Lying prone; low; debased.</def> [Written also <i>grovelling</i>.] "A <i>groveling</i> creature." <i>Cowper.</i></p>

<p><hw>Grov"y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pertaining to, or resembling, a grove; situated in, or frequenting, groves.</def> <i>Dampier.</i></p>

<p><hw>Grow</hw> (gr&omacr;), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp.</i></pos> <u>Grew</u> (gr&udd;); <pos><i>p. p.</i></pos> <u>Grown </u> (gr&omacr;n); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Growing</u>.] [AS. <i>gr&omacr;wan</i>; akin to D. <i>groeijen</i>, Icel. <i>gr&omacr;a</i>, Dan. <i>groe</i>, Sw. <i>gro</i>. Cf. <u>Green</u>, <u>Grass</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To increase in size by a natural and organic process; to increase in bulk by the gradual assimilation of new matter into the living organism; — said of animals and vegetables and their organs.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To increase in any way; to become larger and stronger; to be augmented; to advance; to extend; to wax; to accrue.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Winter began to <i>grow</i> fast on.</blockquote> <i>Knolles.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Even just the sum that I do owe to you<BR> Is <i>growing</i> to me by Antipholus.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To spring up and come to maturity in a natural way; to be produced by vegetation; to thrive; to flourish; as, rice <i>grows</i> in warm countries.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Where law faileth, error <i>groweth</i>.</blockquote> <i>Gower.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To pass from one state to another; to result as an effect from a cause; to become; as, to <i>grow</i> pale.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>For his mind<BR> Had <i>grown</i> Suspicion's sanctuary.</blockquote> <i>Byron.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>To become attached or fixed; to adhere.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Our knees shall kneel till to the ground they <i>grow</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Growing cell</b></col>, or <col><b>Growing slide</b></col>, <cd>a device for preserving alive a minute object in water continually renewed, in a manner to permit its growth to be watched under the microscope.</cd> — <col><b>Grown over</b></col>, <cd>covered with a growth.</cd> — <col><b>To grow out of</b></col>, <cd>to issue from, as plants from the soil, or as a branch from the main stem; to result from.</cd></p>

<p><blockquote>These wars have <i>grown out of</i> commercial considerations.</blockquote> <i>A. Hamilton. </i></p>

<p>— <col><b>To grow up</b></col>, <cd>to arrive at full stature or maturity; as, <i>grown up</i> children.</cd> — <col><b>To grow together</b></col>, <cd>to close and adhere; to become united by growth, as flesh or the bark of a tree severed.</cd> <i>Howells.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — To become; increase; enlarge; augment; improve; expand; extend.</p>

<p><hw>Grow</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To cause to grow; to cultivate; to produce; as, to <i>grow</i> a crop; to <i>grow</i> wheat, hops, or tobacco.</def> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — To raise; to cultivate. See <u>Raise</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>, 3.</p>

<p><hw>Grow"a*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Capable of growth.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grow"an</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. Arm. <i>grouan</i> gravel, Corn. <i>grow</i> gravel, sand.] <i>(Mining.)</i> <def>A decomposed granite, forming a mass of gravel, as in tin lodes in Cornwall.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grow"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who grows or produces; as, a <i>grower</i> of corn; also, that which grows or increases; as, a vine may be a rank or a slow <i>grower</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Growl</hw> (groul), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Growled</u> (grould); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Growling</u>.] [D. <i>grollen</i> to grunt, murmur, be angry; akin to G. <i>grollen</i> to be angry.] <def>To utter a deep guttural sound, as an angry dog; to give forth an angry, grumbling sound.</def> <i>Gay.</i></p>

<p><hw>Growl</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To express by growling.</def> <i>Thomson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Growl</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The deep, threatening sound made by a surly dog; a grumbling sound.</def></p>

<p><hw>Growl"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who growls.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The large-mouthed black bass.</def> [Local]</p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A four-wheeled cab.</def> [Slang, Eng.]</p>

<p><hw>Growl"ing*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a growling manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grown</hw> (?), <def><pos><i>p. p.</i></pos> of <u>Grow</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Growse</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [Cf. <i>gruesome</i>, <i>grewsome</i>, and G. <i>grausen</i> to make shudder, shiver.] <def>To shiver; to have chills.</def> [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] <i>Ray.</i></p>

<p><hw>Growth</hw> (gr&omacr;th), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Icel. gr&omacr;&eth;r, gr&omacr;&eth;i. See <u>Grow</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The process of growing; the gradual increase of an animal or a vegetable body; the development from a seed, germ, or root, to full size or maturity; increase in size, number, frequency, strength, etc.; augmentation; advancement; production; prevalence or influence; as, the <i>growth</i> of trade; the <i>growth</i> of power; the <i>growth</i> of intemperance. Idle weeds are fast in <i>growth</i>.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>That which has grown or is growing; anything produced; product; consequence; effect; result.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Nature multiplies her fertile <i>growth</i>.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Growt"head`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Lit., <i>greathead</i>.] <def>A lazy person; a blockhead.</def> [Obs.] <i>Tusser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Growth"ful</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having capacity of growth.</def> [R.] <i>J. Hamilton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Groyne</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Obs.] <def>See <u>Groin</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gro"zing i"ron</hw> (?). <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A tool with a hardened steel point, formerly used instead of a diamond for cutting glass.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Plumbing)</i> <def>A tool for smoothing the solder joints of lead pipe.</def> <i>Knight.</i></p>

<p><hw>Grub</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Grubbed</u> (?), <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Grubbing</u> (&?;).] [OE. <i>grubbin</i>., cf. E. <i>grab</i>, <i>grope</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To dig in or under the ground, generally for an object that is difficult to reach or extricate; to be occupied in digging.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To drudge; to do menial work.</def> <i>Richardson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Grub</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To dig; to dig up by the roots; to root out by digging; — followed by up; as, to <i>grub</i> up trees, rushes, or sedge.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>They do not attempt to <i>grub</i> up the root of sin.</blockquote> <i>Hare.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To supply with food.</def> [Slang] <i>Dickens.</i></p>

<p><hw>Grub</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The larva of an insect, especially of a beetle; — called also <i>grubworm</i>. See <i>Illust.</i> of <i>Goldsmith beetle</i>, under <u>Goldsmith</u>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Yet your butterfly was a <i>grub</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A short, thick man; a dwarf.</def> [Obs.] <i>Carew.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Victuals; food.</def> [Slang] <i>Halliwell.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Grub ax</b></col> or <col><b>axe</b></col>, <cd>a kind of mattock used in grubbing up roots, etc.</cd> — <col><b>Grub breaker</b></col>. <cd>Same as <u>Grub hook</u> (<i>below</i>).</cd> — <col><b>Grub hoe</b></col>, <cd>a heavy hoe for grubbing.</cd> — <col><b>Grub hook</b></col>, <cd>a plowlike implement for uprooting stumps, breaking roots, etc.</cd> — <col><b>Grub saw</b></col>, <cd>a handsaw used for sawing marble.</cd> — <col><b>Grub Street</b></col>, <cd>a street in London (now called <i>Milton Street</i>), described by Dr. Johnson as "much inhabited by writers of small histories, dictionaries, and temporary poems, whence any mean production is called <i>grubstreet</i>." As an adjective, suitable to, or resembling the production of, Grub Street.</cd></p>

<p><blockquote>I 'd sooner ballads write, and <i>grubstreet</i> lays.</blockquote> <i>Gap.</i> </p>

<p><hw>Grub"ber</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who, or that which, grubs; especially, a machine or tool of the nature of a grub ax, grub hook, etc.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grub"ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t. & i.</i></pos> [Freq. of <i>grub</i>, but cf. <i>grabble</i>.] <def>To feel or grope in the dark.</def> [Obs.] <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Grub"by</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [From <u>Grub</u>.] <def>Dirty; unclean.</def> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>grubby</i> game of marbles.</blockquote> <i>Lond. Sat. Rev.</i></p>

<p><hw>Grub"by</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any species of <i>Cottus</i>; a sculpin.</def> [Local, U. S.]</p>

<p><hw>Grub"worm</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>See <u>Grub</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, 1.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>And gnats and <i>grubworms</i> crowded on his view.</blockquote> <i>C. Smart.</i></p>

<p><hw>Grucche</hw> (gr&ubreve;ch), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [See <u>Grudge</u>.] <def>To murmur; to grumble.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>What aileth you, thus for <i>grucche</i> and groan.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Grudge</hw> (gr&ubreve;j), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Grudger</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Grudging</u>.] [OE. <i>grutchen</i>, <i>gruchen</i>, <i>grochen</i>, to murmur, grumble, OF. <i>grochier</i>, <i>grouchier</i>, <i>grocier</i>, <i>groucier</i>; cf. Icel. <i>krytja</i> to murmur, <i>krutr</i> a murmur, or E. <i>grunt</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To look upon with desire to possess or to appropriate; to envy (one) the possession of; to begrudge; to covet; to give with reluctance; to desire to get back again; — followed by the direct object only, or by both the direct and indirect objects.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Tis not in thee To <i>grudge</i> my pleasures, to cut off my train.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>I have often heard the Presbyterians say, they did not <i>grudge</i> us our employments.</blockquote> <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>They have <i>grudged</i> us contribution.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To hold or harbor with malicious disposition or purpose; to cherish enviously.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Perish they<BR> That <i>grudge</i> one thought against your majesty !</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Grudge</hw> (gr&ubreve;j), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To be covetous or envious; to show discontent; to murmur; to complain; to repine; to be unwilling or reluctant.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Grudge</i> not one against another.</blockquote> <i>James v. 9. </i></p>

<p><blockquote>He eats his meat without <i>grudging</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To feel compunction or grief.</def> [Obs.] <i>Bp. Fisher.</i></p>

<p><hw>Grudge</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Sullen malice or malevolence; cherished malice, enmity, or dislike; ill will; an old cause of hatred or quarrel.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Esau had conceived a mortal <i>grudge</i> and enmity against his brother Jacob.</blockquote> <i>South.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The feeling may not be envy; it may not be imbittered by a <i>grudge</i>.</blockquote> <i>I. Taylor. </i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Slight symptom of disease.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Our shaken monarchy, that now lies . . . struggling against the <i>grudges</i> of more dreaded calamities.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Pique; aversion; dislike; ill will; hatred; spite. See <u>Pique</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Grudge"ful</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Full of grudge; envious.</def> "<i>Grudgeful</i> discontent." <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Grud"geons</hw> (?), <hw>Gur"geons</hw> (&?;), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [Prob. from P. <i>grugir</i> to craunch; cf. D. <i>gruizen</i> to crush, grind, and E. <i>grout</i>.] <def>Coarse meal.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Grudg"er</hw> (gr&ubreve;j"&etilde;r), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who grudges.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grudg"ing*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a grudging manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grudg"ing*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The state or quality of grudging, or of being full of grudge or unwillingness.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gru"el</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>gruel</i>, F. <i>gruau</i>; of German origin; cf. OHG. <i>gruzzi</i> groats, G. <i>gr&uuml;tze</i>, As. <i>gr&umacr;t</i>. See <u>Grout</u>.] <def>A light, liquid food, made by boiling meal of maize, oatmeal, or flour in water or milk; thin porridge.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gru"el*ly</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Like gruel; of the consistence of gruel.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grue"some</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Grewsome</u>.</def> [Scot.]</p>

<p><hw>Gruf</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> [Cf. <u>Grovel</u>.] <def>Forwards; with one's face to the ground.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>They fellen <i>gruf</i>, and cryed piteously.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gruff</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<pos><i>Compar.</i></pos> <u>Gruffer</u> (&?;); <pos><i>superl.</i></pos> <u>Gruffest</u>.] [D. <i>grof</i>; akin to G. <i>grob</i>, OHG. <i>gerob</i>, grob, Dan. <i>grov</i>, Sw. <i>grof</i>, perh. akin to AS. <i>rc&oacute;fan</i> to break, Z. <i>reavc</i>, rupture, <i>g-</i> standing for the AS. prefix <i>ge- </i>, Goth. <i>ga-</i>.] <def>Of a rough or stern manner, voice, or countenance; sour; surly; severe; harsh.</def> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Gruff</i>, disagreeable, sarcastic remarks.</blockquote> <i>Thackeray.</i></p>

<p>— <wf>Gruff"ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Gruff"ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Gru"gru palm"</hw> (?). <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A West Indian name for several kinds of palm. See <i>Macaw tree</i>, under <u>Macaw</u>.</def> [Written also <i>grigri palm</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Gru"gru worm"</hw> (?). <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The larva or grub of a large South American beetle (<i>Calandra palmarum</i>), which lives in the pith of palm trees and sugar cane. It is eaten by the natives, and esteemed a delicacy.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grum</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. Dan. <i>grum</i> furious, Sw. <i>grym</i>, AS. <i>gram</i>, and E. <i>grim</i>, and <i>grumble</i>. &radic;35.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Morose; severe of countenance; sour; surly; glum; grim.</def> "Nick looked sour and <i>grum</i>." <i>Arbuthnof.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Low; deep in the throat; guttural; rumbling; as, a <i>grum</i> voice.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grum"ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Grunbled</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Grumbling</u> (?).] [Cf. LG. <i>grummeln</i>, <i>grumen</i>, D. <i>grommelen</i>, <i>grommen</i>, and F. <i>grommeler</i>, of German origin; cf. W. <i>grwm</i>, murmur, grumble, surly. &radic;35. Cf. <u>Grum</u>, <u>Grim</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To murmur or mutter with discontent; to make ill-natured complaints in a low voice and a surly manner.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>L'Avare, not using half his store,<BR> Still <i>grumbles</i> that he has no more.</blockquote> <i>Prior.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To growl; to snarl in deep tones; as, a lion <i>grumbling</i> over his prey.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To rumble; to make a low, harsh, and heavy sound; to mutter; as, the distant thunder <i>grumbles</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grum"ble</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To express or utter with grumbling.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grum"ble</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The noise of one that grumbles.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A grumbling, discontented disposition.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A bad case of <i>grumble</i>.</blockquote> <i>Mrs. H. H. Jackson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Grum"bler</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who grumbles.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grum"bling*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a grumbling manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grume</hw> (gr&udd;m), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>grume</i>, cf. F. <i>grumeau</i> a little heap, clot of blood, dim. fr. L. <i>grumus</i>.] <def>A thick, viscid fluid; a clot, as of blood.</def> <i>Quincy.</i></p>

<p><hw>Grum"ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a grum manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gru*mose"</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Clustered in grains at intervals; grumous.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gru"mous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>grumeleux</i>. See <u>Grume</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Resembling or containing grume; thick; concreted; clotted; as, grumous blood.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>See <u>Grumose</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gru"mous*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The state of being grumous.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grump"i*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a surly manner; sullenly.</def> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><hw>Grump"y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. <u>Grumble</u>, and <u>Grum</u>.] <def>Surly; dissatisfied; grouty.</def> [Collog.] <i>Ferby.</i></p>

<p><hw>Grun"del</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Groundling</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A groundling (fish).</def> [Prov. Eng.]</p>

<p><hw>Grundsel</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Groundsel.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Grunt</hw> (gr&ubreve;nt), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Grunted</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Grunting</u>.] [OE. <i>grunten</i>; akin to As. <i>grunian</i>, G. <i>grunzen</i>, Dan. <i>grynte</i>, Sw. <i>grymta</i>; all prob. of imitative; or perh. akin to E. <i>groan</i>.] <def>To make a deep, short noise, as a hog; to utter a short groan or a deep guttural sound.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Who would fardels bear,<BR> To <i>grunt</i> and sweat under a weary life.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Grunting ox</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the yak.</cd></p>

<p><! p. 655 !></p>

<p><hw>Grunt</hw> (gr&ubreve;nt), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A deep, guttural sound, as of a hog.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any one of several species of American food fishes, of the genus <i>H&aelig;mulon</i>, allied to the snappers, as, the black grunt (<i>A. Plumieri</i>), and the redmouth grunt (<i>H. aurolineatus</i>), of the Southern United States; — also applied to allied species of the genera <i>Pomadasys</i>, <i>Orthopristis</i>, and <i>Pristopoma</i>. Called also <i>pigfish</i>, <i>squirrel fish</i>, and <i>grunter</i>; — so called from the noise it makes when taken.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grunt"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who, or that which, grunts; specifically, a hog.</def> "Bristled grunters." <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of several American marine fishes. See <u>Sea robin</u>, and <u>Grunt</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, 2.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Brass Founding)</i> <def>A hook used in lifting a crucible.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grunt"ing*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a grunting manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grun"tle</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [Freq. of <i>grunt</i>.] <def>To grunt; to grunt repeatedly.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Grunt"ling</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A young hog.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grutch</hw> (?), <pos><i>v.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Grudge</u>.</def> [Obs.] <i>Hudibras.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Gru"y&egrave;re` cheese"</hw> (&?;). <def>A kind of cheese made at <i>Gruy&egrave;re</i>, <i>Switzerland</i>. It is a firm cheese containing numerous cells, and is known in the United States as <i>Schweitzerk&auml;se</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gry</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr &?; syllable, bit.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A measure equal to one tenth of a line.</def> [Obs.] <i>Locke.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Anything very small, or of little value.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Gryde</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To gride. See <u>Gride</u>.</def> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gryf"on</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Obs.] <def>See <u>Griffin</u>.</def> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Gryl"lus</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., <i>locust</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A genus of insects including the common crickets.</def></p>

<p><hw>Grype</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To gripe.</def> [Obs.] See <u>Gripe</u>. <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Grype</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>gry`f</grk>, <grk>grypo`s</grk>, griffin. See <u>Griffin</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A vulture; the griffin.</def> [Written also <i>gripe</i>.] [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>||Gry*ph&aelig;"a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. I <i>gryphus</i>, or <i>qryps</i>, gen. <i>gryphis</i>, a <i>griffin</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A genus of cretaceous fossil shells allied to the oyster.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gryph"ite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>gryphite</i>.] <i>(Paleon.)</i> <def>A shell of the genus Gryphea.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gryph"on</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The griffin vulture.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Grys"bok</hw> (?) <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [D. <i>grijs</i> gray + <i>bok</i> buck.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A small South African antelope (<i>Neotragus melanotis</i>). It is speckled with gray and chestnut, above; the under parts are reddish fawn.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Gua*cha"ro</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. Sp. <i>gu&aacute;charo</i> sickly, dropsical, <i>guacharaca</i> a sort of bird.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A nocturnal bird of South America and Trinidad (<i>Steatornis Caripensis</i>, or <i>S. steatornis</i>); — called also <i>oilbird.</i></def></p>

<p>&fist; It resembles the goatsuckers and nighthawks, but feeds on fruits, and nests in caverns. A pure oil, used in place of butter, is extracted from the young by the natives.</p>

<p><hw>Gua"cho</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Guachos</b></plw> (&?;) [Spanish American.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One of the mixed-blood (Spanish-Indian) inhabitants of the pampas of South America; a mestizo.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>An Indian who serves as a messenger.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gua"co</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Sp.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A plant (<i>Aristolochia anguicida</i>) of Carthagena, used as an antidote to serpent bites.</def> <i>Lindley.</i> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The <i>Mikania Guaco</i>, of Brazil, used for the same purpose.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gua"iac</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See <u>Guaiacum</u>.] <def>Pertaining to, or resembling, guaiacum.</def> — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Guaiacum.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gua"ia*cum</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Sp. <i>guayaco</i>, from native name in Hayti.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A genus of small, crooked trees, growing in tropical America.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The heart wood or the resin of the <i>Guaiacum officinale</i> or lignum-vit&aelig;, a large tree of the West Indies and Central America. It is much used in medicine.</def> [Written also <i>guaiac</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Guan</hw> (gw&auml;n), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>((Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any one of many species of large gallinaceous birds of Central and South America, belonging to <i>Penelope</i>, <i>Pipile</i>, <i>Ortalis</i>, and allied genera. Several of the species are often domesticated.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gua"na</hw> (gw&auml;"n&adot;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>See <u>Iguana</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gua*na"co</hw> (gw&adot;*n&auml;"k&osl;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Guanacos</b></plw> (- k&omacr;z). [Sp. <i>guanaco</i>, Peruv. <i>huanacu</i>. Cf. <u>Huanaco</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A South American mammal (<i>Auchenia huanaco</i>), allied to the llama, but of larger size and more graceful form, inhabiting the southern Andes and Patagonia. It is supposed by some to be the llama in a wild state.</def> [Written also <i>huanaco</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Gua"ni*dine</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Physiol. Chem.)</i> <def>A strongly alkaline base, CN<sub>3</sub>H<sub>5</sub>, formed by the oxidation of guanin, and also obtained combined with methyl in the decomposition of creatin. Boiled with dilute sulphuric acid, it yields urea and ammonia.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gua*nif"er*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Guano</i> + <i>-ferous</i>.] <def>Yielding guano.</def> <i>Ure.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gua"nin</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Physiol. Chem.)</i> <def>A crystalline substance (C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>5</sub>N<sub>5</sub>O) contained in guano. It is also a constituent of the liver, pancreas, and other glands in mammals.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gua"no</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Guanos</b></plw> (#). [Sp. <i>guano</i>, fr. Peruv. <i>huanu</i> dung.] <def>A substance found in great abundance on some coasts or islands frequented by sea fowls, and composed chiefly of their excrement. It is rich in phosphates and ammonia, and is used as a powerful fertilizer.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Gua"ra</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Braz. <i>guar&aacute;</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The scarlet ibis. See <u>Ibis</u>.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A large-maned wild dog of South America (<i>Canis jubatus</i>) - - named from its cry.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Gua"ra*na`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Pg.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>A preparation from the seeds of <i>Paullinia sorbilis</i>, a woody climber of Brazil, used in making an astringent drink, and also in the cure of headache.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gua"ra*nine`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>An alkaloid extracted from guarana. Same as <u>Caffeine</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Guar`an*tee"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Guarantees</b></plw> (#). [For guaranty, prob. influenced by words like assignee, lessee, etc. See <u>Guaranty</u>, and cf. <u>Warrantee</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>In law and common usage: A promise to answer for the payment of some debt, or the performance of some duty, in case of the failure of another person, who is, in the first instance, liable to such payment or performance; an engagement which secures or insures another against a contingency; a warranty; a security. Same as <u>Guaranty</u>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>His interest seemed to be a <i>guarantee</i> for his zeal.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>One who binds himself to see an undertaking of another performed; a guarantor.</def> <i>South.</i></p>

<p>&fist; Guarantor is the correct form in this sense.</p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Law)</i> <def>The person to whom a guaranty is made; — the correlative of <i>guarantor</i>.</def></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — <u>Guarantee</u>, <u>Warranty.</u> A guarantee is an engagement that a certain act will be done or not done in future. A warranty is an engagement as to the qualities or title of a thing at the time of the engagement.</p>

<p><hw>Guar"an*tee`</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>guaranteed</u> (?); <pos><i>p, pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Guaranteeing</u>.] [From <u>Guarantee</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <def>In law and common usage: to undertake or engage for the payment of (a debt) or the performance of (a duty) by another person; to undertake to secure (a possession, right, claim, etc.) to another against a specified contingency, or at all events; to give a guarantee concerning; to engage, assure, or secure as a thing that may be depended on; to warrant; as, to <i>guarantee</i> the execution of a treaty.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The United States shall <i>guarantee</i> to every State in this Union a republican form of government.</blockquote> <i>Constitution of the U. S.</i></p>

<p><hw>Guar"an*tor`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Guaranty</u>, and cf. <u>Warrantor</u>.] <i>(Law)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>One who makes or gives a guaranty; a warrantor; a surety.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>One who engages to secure another in any right or possession.</def></p>

<p><hw>Guar"an*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Guaranies</b></plw> (#). [OF. <i>guarantie</i>, <i>garantie</i>, F. <i>garantie</i>, OF. <i>guarantir</i>, <i>garantir</i>, to warrant, to <i>guaranty</i>, E. <i>garantir</i>, fr. OF. <i>guarant</i>, <i>garant</i>, a warranter, F. <i>garant</i>; of German origin, and from the same word as warranty. See <u>Warrant</u>, and cf. <u>Warranty</u>, <u>Guarantee</u>.] <def>In law and common usage: An undertaking to answer for the payment of some debt, or the performance of some contract or duty, of another, in case of the failure of such other to pay or perform; a guarantee; a warranty; a security.</def></p>

<p><hw>Guar"an*ty</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Guarantied</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Guarantying</u>.] [From <u>Guaranty</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <def>In law and common usage: To undertake or engage that another person shall perform (what he has stipulated); to undertake to be answerable for (the debt or default of another); to engage to answer for the performance of (some promise or duty by another) in case of a failure by the latter to perform; to undertake to secure (something) to another, as in the case of a contingency. See <u>Guarantee</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos></def></p>

<p>&fist; <i>Guaranty</i> agrees in form with <i>warranty</i>. Both <i>guaranty</i> and <i>guarantee</i> are well authorized by legal writers in the United States. The prevailing spelling, at least for the verb, is <i>guarantee</i>.</p>

<p><hw>Guard</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Guarded</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. &, vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Gurding</u>.] [OF. <i>guarder</i>, <i>garder</i>, warder, F. <i>garder</i>, fr. OHG. <i>wart&?;n</i> to be on the watch, await, G. <i>marten</i>. See <u>Ward</u>, <pos><i>v. & n.</i></pos>, and cf. <u>Guard</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To protect from danger; to secure against surprise, attack, or injury; to keep in safety; to defend; to shelter; to shield from surprise or attack; to protect by attendance; to accompany for protection; to care for.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>For Heaven still <i>guards</i> the right.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To keep watch over, in order to prevent escape or restrain from acts of violence, or the like.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To protect the edge of, esp. with an ornamental border; hence, to face or ornament with lists, laces, etc.</def></p>

<p> <blockquote>The body of your discourse it sometime <i>guarded</i> with fragments, and the guards are but slightly basted on neither.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To fasten by binding; to gird.</def> [Obs.] <i>B. Jonson.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — To defend, protect, shield; keep; watch.</p>

<p><hw>Guard</hw> (g&auml;rd), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To watch by way of caution or defense; to be caution; to be in a state or position of defense or safety; as, careful persons <i>guard</i> against mistakes.</def></p>

<p><hw>Guard</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>guarde</i>, F. <i>garde</i>; of German origin; cf. OHG. <i>wart</i>, <i>marto</i>, one who watches, <i>mata</i> a watching, Goth. <i>wardja</i> watchman. See <u>Guard</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who, or that which, guards from injury, danger, exposure, or attack; defense; protection.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>His greatness was no <i>guard</i> to bar heaven's shaft.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A man, or body of men, stationed to protect or control a person or position; a watch; a sentinel.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>guard</i> which kept the door of the king's house.</blockquote> <i>Kings xiv. 27.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>One who has charge of a mail coach or a railway train; a conductor.</def> [Eng.]</p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Any fixture or attachment designed to protect or secure against injury, soiling, or defacement, theft or loss</def>; as: <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>That part of a sword hilt which protects the hand.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>Ornamental lace or hem protecting the edge of a garment.</def> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <def>A chain or cord for fastening a watch to one's person or dress.</def> <sd><i>(d)</i></sd> <def>A fence or rail to prevent falling from the deck of a vessel.</def> <sd><i>(e)</i></sd> <def>An extension of the deck of a vessel beyond the hull; esp., in side-wheel steam vessels, the framework of strong timbers, which curves out on each side beyond the paddle wheel, and protects it and the shaft against collision.</def> <sd><i>(f)</i></sd> <def>A plate of metal, beneath the stock, or the lock frame, of a gun or pistol, having a loop, called a bow, to protect the trigger.</def> <sd><i>(g)</i></sd> <i>(Bookbinding)</i> <def>An interleaved strip at the back, as in a scrap book, to guard against its breaking when filled.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>A posture of defense in fencing, and in bayonet and saber exercise.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>An expression or admission intended to secure against objections or censure.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>They have expressed themselves with as few <i>guards</i> and restrictions as I.</blockquote> <i>Atterbury. </i></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <def>Watch; heed; care; attention; as, to keep guard.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>8.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The fibrous sheath which covers the phragmacone of the Belemnites.</def></p>

<p>&fist; Guard is often used adjectively or in combination; as, guard boat or guardboat; guardroom or guard room; guard duty.</p>

<p><col><b>Advanced guard</b></col>, <col><b>Coast guard</b></col>, etc. <cd>See under <u>Advanced</u>, <u>Coast</u>, etc.</cd> — <col><b>Grand guard</b></col> <i>(Mil.)</i>, <cd>one of the posts of the second line belonging to a system of advance posts of an army.</cd> <i>Mahan.</i> — <col><b>Guard boat</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>A boat appointed to row the rounds among ships of war in a harbor, to see that their officers keep a good lookout.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>A boat used by harbor authorities to enforce the observance of quarantine regulations.</cd> — <col><b>Guard cells</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>the bordering cells of stomates; they are crescent-shaped and contain chlorophyll.</cd> — <col><b>Guard chamber</b></col>, <cd>a guardroom.</cd> — <col><b>Guard detail</b></col> <i>(Mil.)</i>, <cd>men from a company regiment etc., detailed for guard duty.</cd> - - <col><b>Guard duty</b></col> <i>(Mil.)</i>, <cd>the duty of watching patrolling, etc., performed by a sentinel or sentinels.</cd> — <col><b>Guard lock</b></col> <i>(Engin.)</i>, <cd>a tide lock at the mouth of a dock or basin.</cd> — <col><b>Guard of honor</b></col> <i>(Mil.)</i>, <cd>a guard appointed to receive or to accompany eminent persons.</cd> — <col><b>Guard rail</b></col> <i>(Railroads)</i>, <cd>a rail placed on the inside of a main rail, on bridges, at switches, etc., as a safeguard against derailment.</cd> — <col><b>Guard ship</b></col>, <cd>a war vessel appointed to superintend the marine affairs in a harbor, and also, in the English service, to receive seamen till they can be distributed among their respective ships.</cd> — <col><b>Life guard</b></col> <i>(Mil.)</i>, <cd>a body of select troops attending the person of a prince or high officer.</cd> — <col><b>Off one's guard</b></col>, <cd>in a careless state; inattentive; unsuspicious of danger.</cd> — <col><b>On guard</b></col>, <cd>serving in the capacity of a guard; doing duty as a guard or sentinel; watching.</cd> — <col><b>On one's guard</b></col>, <cd>in a watchful state; alert; vigilant.</cd> — <col><b>To mount guard</b></col> <i>(Mil.)</i>, <cd>to go on duty as a guard or sentinel.</cd> — <col><b>To run the guard</b></col>, <cd>to pass the watch or sentinel without leave.</cd></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Defense; shield; protection; safeguard; convoy; escort; care; attention; watch; heed.</p>

<p><hw>Guard"a*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>gardable</i>. See <u>Guard</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>] <def>Capable of being guarded or protected.</def></p>

<p><hw>Guard"age</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. OF. <i>wardage</i>. See <u>Guard</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>] <def>Wardship</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Guard"ant</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [OF. <i>guardant</i>, <i>p. pr.</i> of <i>guard&?;</i>. See <u>Guard</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Acting as guardian.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Her.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Gardant</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Guard"ant</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A guardian.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Guard"ed</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Cautious; wary; circumspect; as, he was <i>guarded</i> in his expressions; framed or uttered with caution; as, his expressions were <i>guarded</i>.</def> — <wf>Guard"edly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Guard"ed*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Guard"en*age</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Guardianship.</def> [Obs. & R.] " His tuition and guardenage." <i>Holland.</i></p>

<p><hw>Guard"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who guards.</def></p>

<p><hw>Guard"fish`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The garfish.</def></p>

<p><hw>Guard"ful</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Cautious; wary; watchful.</def> [Obs. or Poetic.] — <wf>Guard"ful*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Guard"house`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Mil.)</i> <def>A building which is occupied by the guard, and in which soldiers are confined for misconduct; hence, a lock-up.</def></p>

<p><hw>Guard"i*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>guardain</i>, <i>gardien</i>, F. <i>gardien</i>, LL. <i>guardianus</i>. See <u>Guard</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>, and cf. <u>Wasden</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who guards, preserves, or secures; one to whom any person or thing is committed for protection, security, or preservation from injury; a warden.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Law)</i> <def>One who has, or is entitled to, the custody of the person or property of an infant, a minor without living parents, or a person incapable of managing his own affairs.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Of the several species of <i>guardians</i>, the first are <i>guardians</i> by nature. — viz., the father and (in some cases) the mother of the child.</blockquote> <i>Blackstone.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Guardian ad litem</b></col> (&?;) <i>(Law)</i>, <cd>a guardian appointed by a court of justice to conduct a particular suit.</cd> — <col><b>Guardians of the poor</b></col>, <cd>the members of a board appointed or elected to care for the relief of the poor within a township, or district.</cd></p>

<p><! p. 656 !></p>

<p><hw>Guard"i*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Performing, or appropriate to, the office of a protector; as, a <i>guardian</i> care.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Feast of Guardian Angels</b></col> <i>(R. C. Ch.)</i> <cd>a church festival instituted by Pope Paul V., and celebrated on October 2d.</cd> — <col><b>Guardian angel</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>The particular spiritual being believed in some branches of the Christian church to have guardianship and protection of each human being from birth.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>Hence, a protector or defender in general.</cd> <i>O. W. Holmes.</i> — <col><b>Guardian spirit</b></col>, <cd>in the belief of many pagan nations, a spirit, often of a deceased relative or friend, that presides over the interests of a household, a city, or a region.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Guard"i*an*age</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Guardianship.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Guard"i*ance</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Guardianship.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Guard"i*an*ess</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A female guardian.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I have placed a trusty, watchful <i>guardianess</i>.</blockquote> <i>Beau. & Fl.</i></p>

<p><hw>Guard"i*an*less</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Without a guardian.</def> <i>Marston.</i></p>

<p><hw>Guard"i*an*ship</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The office, duty, or care, of a guardian; protection; care; watch.</def></p>

<p><hw>Guard"less</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Without a guard or defense; unguarded.</def> <i>Chapman.</i></p>

<p><hw>Guard"room`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Mil.)</i> <def>The room occupied by the guard during its term of duty; also, a room where prisoners are confined.</def></p>

<p><hw>Guards</hw> (g&auml;rdz), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> <def>A body of picked troops; as, "The Household <i>Guards.</i>"</def></p>

<p><hw>Guard"ship</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Care; protection.</def> [Obs.] <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><hw>Guards"man</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Guardsmen</b></plw> (&?;). <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who guards; a guard.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A member, either officer or private, of any military body called Guards.</def></p>

<p><hw>Guar"ish</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [OF. <i>guarir</i>, <i>garir</i>, F. <i>gu&eacute;rir</i>.] <def>To heal.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gua`te*ma"la grass"</hw> (?). <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>See <u>Teosinte</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gua"va</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Sp. <i>guayaba</i> the guava fruit, <i>guayabo</i> the guava tree; prob. fr. the native West Indian name.] <def>A tropical tree, or its fruit, of the genus <i>Psidium</i>. Two varieties are well known, the <i>P. pyriferum</i>, or <i>white guava</i>, and <i>P. pomiferum</i>, or <i>red guava</i>. The fruit or berry is shaped like a pomegranate, but is much smaller. It is somewhat astringent, but makes a delicious jelly.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gu"ber*nance</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Government.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Gu"ber*nate</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [L. <i>gubernatus</i>, p. p. of <i>gubernare</i>. See <u>Govern</u>.] <def>To govern.</def> [Obs.] <i>Cockeram.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gu"ber*na`tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>gubernatio</i>.] <def>The act of governing; government</def> [Obs.] <i>I. Watts.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gu"ber*na*tive</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Governing.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Gu"ber*na*to`ri*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. gubernator governor. See <u>Gabernate</u>.] <def>Pertaining to a governor, or to government.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gud"geon</hw> (g&ubreve;j"&ubreve;n), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>gojon</i>, F. <i>goujon</i>, from L. <i>gobio</i>, or <i>gobius</i>, Gr. <grk>kwbio`s</grk> Cf. <u>1st Goby</u>. ] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A small European freshwater fish (<i>Gobio fluviatilis</i>), allied to the carp. It is easily caught and often used for food and for bait. In America the killifishes or minnows are often called <i>gudgeons.</i></def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>What may be got without skill or merit.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Fish not, with this melancholy bait,<BR> For this fool <i>gudgeon</i>, this opinion.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A person easily duped or cheated.</def> <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Mach.)</i> <def>The pin of iron fastened in the end of a wooden shaft or axle, on which it turns; formerly, any journal, or pivot, or bearing, as the pintle and eye of a hinge, but esp. the end journal of a horizontal.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>A metal eye or socket attached to the sternpost to receive the pintle of the rudder.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Ball gudgeon</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Ball</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Gud"geon</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To deprive fraudulently; to cheat; to dupe; to impose upon.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>To be <i>gudgeoned</i> of the opportunities which had been given you.</blockquote> <i>Sir IV. Scott.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gue</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A sharper; a rogue.</def> [Obs.] <i>J. Webstar.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gue"ber</hw> <hw>Gue"bre</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Gheber</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Guel"der*rose'</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Supposed to be brought from <i>Guelderland</i>; hence, D. <i>Geldersche roos</i>, G. <i>Gelderische rose</i>, F. <i>rose de Gueldre</i>, It. <i>rose di Gueldra</i>, Sp. <i>rosa de Gueldres</i>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A cultivated variety of a species of <i>Viburnum</i> (<i>V. Opulus</i>), bearing large bunches of white flowers; — called also <i>snowball tree</i>.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Guelph</hw>, <hw>Guelf</hw> } (gw&ebreve;lf), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [It. <i>Guelfo</i>, from <i>Welf</i>, the name of a German family.] <i>(Hist.)</i> <def>One of a faction in Germany and Italy, in the 12th and 13th centuries, which supported the House of Guelph and the pope, and opposed the Ghibellines, or faction of the German emperors.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Guelph"ic</hw>, <hw>Guelf"ic</hw> } (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to the family or the faction of the Guelphs.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Guenon"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of several long-tailed Oriental monkeys, of the genus <i>Cercocebus</i>, as the green monkey and grivet.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Gue`parde"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>gu&eacute;pard</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The cheetah.</def></p>

<p><hw>Guer"don</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>guerdon</i>, <i>guerredon</i>, LL. <i>widerdonum</i> (influenced by L. <i>donum</i> gift, cf. <u>Donation</u> ), fr. OHG. <i>widarl&omacr;n</i>; <i>widar</i> again, against (G. <i>wider</i> <i>wieder</i>) + <i>l&omacr;n</i> reward, G. <i>lohn</i>, akin to AS. <i>le&aacute;n</i> Goth. <i>laun</i>. See <u>Withers</u>.] <def>A reward; requital; recompense; — used in both a good and a bad sense.</def> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>So young as to regard men's frown or smile<BR> As loss or <i>guerdon</i> of a glorious lot.</blockquote> <i>Byron.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>He shall, by thy revenging hand, at once receive the just <i>guerdon</i> of all his former villainies.</blockquote> <i>Knolles.</i></p>

<p><hw>Guer"don</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [OF. guerdonner, guerredonner. See <u>Guerdon</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <def>To give guerdon to; to reward; to be a recompense for.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Him we gave a costly bribe<BR> To <i>guerdon</i> silence.</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Guer"don*a*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. OF. <i>guerredonable</i>.] <def>Worthy of reward.</def> <i>Sir G. Buck.</i></p>

<p><hw>Guer"don*less</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Without reward or guerdon.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gue*re"za</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A beautiful Abyssinian monkey (<i>Colobus guereza</i>), having the body black, with a fringe of long, silky, white hair along the sides, and a tuft of the same at the end of the tail. The frontal band, cheeks, and chin are white.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gue*ril"la</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Guerrilla</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Guer"ite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>gu&eacute;rite</i>.] <i>(Fort.)</i> <def>A projecting turret for a sentry, as at the salient angles of works, or the acute angles of bastions.</def></p>

<p><hw>Guern"sey lil"y</hw> (?). <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A South African plant (<i>Nerine Sarniensis</i>) with handsome lilylike flowers, naturalized on the island of Guernsey.</def></p>

<p><hw>Guer*ril"la</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Sp., lit., a little war, skirmish, dim. of <i>guerra</i> war, fr. OHG. <i>werra</i> discord, strife. See <u>War</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>An irregular mode of carrying on war, by the constant attacks of independent bands, adopted in the north of Spain during the Peninsular war.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>One who carries on, or assists in carrying on, irregular warfare; especially, a member of an independent band engaged in predatory excursions in war time.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The term <i>guerrilla</i> is the diminutive of the Spanish word <i>guerra</i>, war, and means <i>petty war</i>, that is, war carried on by detached parties; generally in the mountains. . . . A guerrilla party means, an irregular band of armed men, carrying on an irregular war, not being able, according to their character as a guerrilla party, to carry on what the law terms a <i>regular war</i>. <i>F. Lieder.</i> </p>

<p><hw>Guer*ril"la</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pertaining to, or engaged in, warfare carried on irregularly and by independent bands; as, a <i>guerrilla</i> party; <i>guerrilla</i> warfare.</def></p>

<p><hw>Guess</hw> (g&ebreve;s), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Guessed</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Guessing</u>.] [OE. <i>gessen</i>; akin to Dan. <i>gisse</i>, Sw. <i>gissa</i>, Icel. <i>gizha</i>, D. <i>gissen</i>: cf. Dan. <i>giette</i> to guess, Icel. <i>geta</i> to get, to guess. Probably originally, to try to get, and akin to E. <i>get</i>. See <u>Get</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To form an opinion concerning, without knowledge or means of knowledge; to judge of at random; to conjecture.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>First, if thou canst, the harder reason <i>guess</i>.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To judge or form an opinion of, from reasons that seem preponderating, but are not decisive.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>We may then <i>guess</i> how far it was from his design.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Of ambushed men, whom, by their arms and dress,<BR> To be Taxallan enemies I <i>guess</i>.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To solve by a correct conjecture; to conjecture rightly; as, he who <i>guesses</i> the riddle shall have the ring; he has <i>guessed</i> my designs.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To hit upon or reproduce by memory.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Tell me their words, as near as thou canst <i>guess</i> them.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>To think; to suppose; to believe; to imagine; — followed by an objective clause.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Not all together; better far, I <i>guess</i>,<BR> That we do make our entrance several ways.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>But in known images of life I <i>guess</i><BR> The labor greater.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — To conjecture; suppose; surmise; suspect; divine; think; imagine; fancy. — <u>To Guess</u>, <u>Think</u>, <u>Reckon</u>. <i>Guess</i> denotes, to attempt to hit upon at random; as, to <i>guess</i> at a thing when blindfolded; to conjecture or form an opinion on hidden or very slight grounds: as, to <i>guess</i> a riddle; to <i>guess</i> out the meaning of an obscure passage. The use of the word <i>guess</i> for think or believe, although abundantly sanctioned by good English authors, is now regarded as antiquated and objectionable by discriminating writers. It may properly be branded as a colloguialism and vulgarism when used respecting a purpose or a thing about which there is no uncertainty; as, I <i>guess</i> I 'll go to bed.</p>

<p><hw>Guess</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To make a guess or random judgment; to conjecture; — with at, about, etc.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>This is the place, as well as I may <i>guess</i>.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Guess</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>An opinion as to anything, formed without sufficient or decisive evidence or grounds; an attempt to hit upon the truth by a random judgment; a conjecture; a surmise.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A poet must confess<BR> His art 's like physic — but a happy <i>guess</i>.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Guess"a*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Capable of being guessed.</def></p>

<p><hw>Guess"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who guesses; one who forms or gives an opinion without means of knowing.</def></p>

<p><hw>Guess"ing*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>By way of conjecture.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Guess"ive</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Conjectural.</def> [Obs.] <i>Feltham.</i></p>

<p><hw>Guess" rope"</hw> (?). <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>A guess warp.</def></p>

<p><hw>Guess" warp"</hw> (?). <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>A rope or hawser by which a vessel is towed or warped along; — so called because it is necessary to guess at the length to be carried in the boat making the attachment to a distant object.</def></p>

<p><hw>Guess"work`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Work performed, or results obtained, by guess; conjecture.</def></p>

<p><hw>Guest</hw> (g&ebreve;st), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>gest</i>, AS. <i>g&aelig;st</i>, <i>gest</i>; akin to OS., D., & G. <i>gast</i>, Icel. <i>gestr</i>, Sw. <i>g&auml;st</i>, Dan. <i>Gj&auml;st</i>, Goth. <i>gasts</i>, Russ. <i>goste</i>, and to L. <i>hostis</i> enemy, stranger; the meaning <i>stranger</i> is the older one, but the root is unknown. Cf. <u>Host</u> an army, <u>Hostile</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A visitor; a person received and entertained in one's house or at one's table; a visitor entertained without pay.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>To cheer his <i>guests</i>, whom he had stayed that night.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>True friendship's laws are by this rule exprest.<BR> Welcome the coming, speed the parting <i>guest</i>.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><hw>Guest</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To receive or entertain hospitably.</def> [Obs.] <i>Sylvester.</i></p>

<p><hw>Guest</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To be, or act the part of, a guest.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>And tell me, best of princes, who he was<BR> That <i>guested</i> here so late.</blockquote> <i>Chapman.</i></p>

<p><hw>Guest" rope"</hw> (?). <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>The line by which a boat makes fast to the swinging boom.</def> <i>Ham. Nav. Encyc.</i></p>

<p><hw>Guest"wise"</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In the manner of a guest.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gue"vi</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of several very small species and varieties of African antelopes, of the genus <i>Cephalophus</i>, as the Cape <i>guevi</i> or kleeneboc (<i>Cephalophus pygm&aelig;a</i>); — called also <i>pygmy antelope</i>.</def><BR> [1913 Webster]</p>

<p><hw>Guf*faw"</hw> (&?;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A loud burst of laughter; a horse laugh.</def> "A hearty low <i>guffaw</i>." <i>Carlyle.</i></p>

<p><hw>Guf"fer</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The eelpout; guffer eel.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gug"gle</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Gurgle</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Guhr</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [G.] <def>A loose, earthy deposit from water, found in the cavities or clefts of rocks, mostly white, but sometimes red or yellow, from a mixture of clay or ocher.</def> <i>P. Cleaveland.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gui"ac</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Guaiac</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gui"a*col</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Guiac</i> + <i>- ol</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A colorless liquid, C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>.OCH<sub>3</sub>.OH, resembling the phenols, found as a constituent of woodtar creosote, and produced by the dry distillation of guaiac resin.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gui"a*cum</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Guaiacum</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Guib</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A West African antelope (<i>Tragelaphus scriptus</i>), curiously marked with white stripes and spots on a reddish fawn ground, and hence called <i>harnessed antelope</i>; — called also <i>guiba.</i></def></p>

<p><hw>||Gui"co*war</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>[Mahratta <i>g&amacr;ekw&amacr;r</i>, prop., a cowherd.] The title of the sovereign of Guzerat, in Western India; — generally called the <i>Guicowar of Baroda</i>, which is the capital of the country.</def></p>

<p><hw>Guid"a*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Capable of being guided; willing to be guided or counseled.</def> <i>Sprat.</i></p>

<p><hw>Guid"age</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <i>Guide</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The reward given to a guide for services.</def> [R.] <i>Ainsworth.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Guidance; lead; direction.</def> [R.] <i>Southey.</i></p>

<p><hw>Guid"ance</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Guide</u>.] <def>The act or result of guiding; the superintendence or assistance of a guide; direction; government; a leading.</def></p>

<p><blockquote> His studies were without <i>guidance</i> and without plan.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><hw>Guide</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Guided</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Guiding</u>.] [OE. <i>guiden</i>, <i>gyden</i>, F. <i>guiaer</i>, It. <i>guidare</i>; prob. of Teutonic origin; cf. Goth. <i>ritan</i> to watch over, give heed to, Icel. <i>viti</i> signal, AS. witan to know. The word prob. meant, to indicate, point to, and hence, to show the way. Cf. <u>Wit</u>, <u>Guy</u> a rope, <u>Gye.</u>]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To lead or direct in a way; to conduct in a course or path; to pilot; as, to <i>guide</i> a traveler.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I wish . . . you 'ld <i>guide</i> me to your sovereign's court.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To regulate and manage; to direct; to order; to superintend the training or education of; to instruct and influence intellectually or morally; to train.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He will <i>guide</i> his affairs with discretion.</blockquote> <i>Ps. cxii. 5.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The meek will he guide in judgment.</blockquote> <i>Ps. xxv. 9. </i></p>

<p><hw>Guide</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>giae</i>, F. <i>guide</i>, It. <i>guida</i>. See <u>Guide</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A person who leads or directs another in his way or course, as in a strange land; one who exhibits points of interest to strangers; a conductor; also, that which guides; a guidebook.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>One who, or that which, directs another in his conduct or course of life; a director; a regulator.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He will be our <i>guide</i>, even unto death.</blockquote> <i>Ps. xlviii. 14.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Any contrivance, especially one having a directing edge, surface, or channel, for giving direction to the motion of anything, as water, an instrument, or part of a machine, or for directing the hand or eye, as of an operator</def>; as: <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <i>(Water Wheels)</i> <def>A blade or channel for directing the flow of water to the wheel buckets.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <i>(Surgery)</i> <def>A grooved director for a probe or knife.</def> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <i>(Printing)</i> <def>A strip or device to direct the compositor's eye to the line of copy he is setting.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Mil.)</i> <def>A noncommissioned officer or soldier placed on the directing flank of each subdivision of a column of troops, or at the end of a line, to mark the pivots, formations, marches, and alignments in tactics.</def> <i>Farrow.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Guide bar</b></col> <i>(Mach.)</i>, <cd>the part of a steam engine on which the crosshead slides, and by which the motion of the piston rod is kept parallel to the cylinder, being a substitute for the parallel motion; — called also <i>guide</i>, and <i>slide bar</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Guide block</b></col> <i>(Steam Engine)</i>, <cd>a block attached in to the crosshead to work in contact with the guide bar.</cd> — <col><b>Guide meridian</b></col>. <i>(Surveying)</i> <cd>See under <u>Meridian</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Guide pile</b></col> <i>(Engin.)</i>, <cd>a pile driven to mark a place, as a point to work to.</cd> — <col><b>Guide pulley</b></col> <i>(Mach.)</i>, <cd>a pulley for directing or changing the line of motion of belt; an idler.</cd> <i>Knight.</i> — <col><b>Guide rail</b></col> <i>(Railroads)</i>, <cd>an additional rail, between the others, gripped by horizontal driving wheels on the locomotive, as a means of propulsion on steep gradients.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Guide"board`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A board, as upon a guidepost having upon it directions or information as to the road.</def> <i>Lowell.</i></p>

<p><hw>Guide"book`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A book of directions and information for travelers, tourists, etc.</def></p>

<p><hw>Guide"less</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Without a guide.</def> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Guide"post`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A post at the fork of a road, with a guideboard on it, to direct travelers.</def></p>

<p><hw>Guid"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A guide; a director.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Guid"er*ess</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A female guide.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Guid"guid`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A South American ant bird of the genus <i>Hylactes</i>; — called also <i>barking bird</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gui"don</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>guidon</i>, It. <i>guidone</i>. See <u>Guide</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A small flag or streamer, as that carried by cavalry, which is broad at one end and nearly pointed at the other, or that used to direct the movements of a body of infantry, or to make signals at sea; also, the flag of a guild or fraternity. In the United States service, each company of cavalry has a guidon.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The pendants and <i>guidons</i> were carried by the officer of the army.</blockquote> <i>Evelyn.</i></p>

<p><! p. 657 !></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>One who carries a flag.</def> <i>Johnson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>One of a community established at Rome, by Charlemagne, to guide pilgrims to the Holy Land.</def></p>

<p><hw>Guige</hw> (g&ibreve;j <i>or</i> g&emacr;j), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Obs.] <def>See <u>Gige</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Guild</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>gilds</i>, AS. <i>gild</i>, <i>gield</i>, <i>geld</i>, tribute, a society or company where payment was made for its charge and support, fr. AS. gildan, gieldan, to pay. See <u>Yield</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>An association of men belonging to the same class, or engaged in kindred pursuits, formed for mutual aid and protection; a business fraternity or corporation; as, the Stationers' <i>Guild</i>; the Ironmongers' <i>Guild</i>. They were originally licensed by the government, and endowed with special privileges and authority.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A guildhall.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A religious association or society, organized for charitable purposes or for assistance in parish work.</def></p>

<p><hw>Guild"a*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Liable to a tax.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Guil"der</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [D. <i>gulden</i>, orig., <i>golden</i>. Cf. <u>Golden</u>.] <def>A Dutch silver coin worth about forty cents; — called also <i>florin</i> and <i>gulden</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Guild"hall`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The hall where a guild or corporation usually assembles; a townhall.</def></p>

<p><hw>Guile</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>guile</i>, <i>gile</i>, OF. <i>guile</i>; of German origin, and the same word as E. <i>wile</i>. See <u>Wile</u>.] <def>Craft; deceitful cunning; artifice; duplicity; wile; deceit; treachery.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Behold an Israelite indeed, in whom is no <i>guile</i>.</blockquote> <i>John i. 47.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>To wage by force or <i>guile</i> eternal war.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Guile</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [OF. <i>guiler</i>. See <u>Guile</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <def>To disguise or conceal; to deceive or delude.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Guile"ful</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Full of guile; characterized by cunning, deceit, or treachery; guilty.</def> — <wf>Guile"ful*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Guile"ful*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Guile"less</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Free from guile; artless.</def> — <wf>Guile"less*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <wf>Guile"less*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Guil"er</hw> (g&imacr;l"&etilde;r), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. OF. <i>guileor</i>.] <def>A deceiver; one who deludes, or uses guile.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Guil"le*met`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F.] <def>A quotation mark.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Guil"le*mot`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of several northern sea birds, allied to the auks. They have short legs, placed far back, and are expert divers and swimmers.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The common guillemots, or murres, belong to the genus <i>Uria</i> (as <i>U. troile</i>); the black or foolish guillemot (<i>Cepphus grylle</i>, formerly <i>Uria grylle</i>), is called also <i>sea pigeon</i> and <i>eligny</i>. See <u>Murre</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Guil`le*vat"</hw> (-v&abreve;t"), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>guilloire</i> (fr. <i>guiller</i> to work, ferment) + E. <i>vat</i>.] <def>A vat for fermenting liquors.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Guil"loche`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>guillochis</i>; — said to be fr. <i>Guillot</i>, the inventor of a machine for carving it.] <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>An ornament in the form of two or more bands or strings twisted over each other in a continued series, leaving circular openings which are filled with round ornaments.</def></p>

<p><hw>Guil*loched"</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Waved or engine-turned.</def> <i>Mollett.</i></p>

<p><hw>Guil"lo*tine`</hw> (g&ibreve;l"l&osl;*t&emacr;n`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., from <i>Guillotin</i>, a French physician, who proposed, in the Constituent Assembly of 1789, to abolish decapitation with the ax or sword. The instrument was invented by Dr. Antoine Louis, and was called at first <i>Louison</i> or <i>Louisette</i>. Similar machines, however, were known earlier.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A machine for beheading a person by one stroke of a heavy ax or blade, which slides in vertical guides, is raised by a cord, and let fall upon the neck of the victim.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Any machine or instrument for cutting or shearing, resembling in its action a guillotine.</def></p>

<p><hw>Guil"lo*tine`</hw> (g&ibreve;l`l&osl;*t&emacr;n"), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Guillotined</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Guillotining</u>.] [Cf. F. <i>guillotiner</i>.] <def>To behead with the guillotine.</def></p>

<p><hw>Guilt</hw> (g&ibreve;lt), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>gilt</i>, <i>gult</i>, AS. <i>gylt</i>, crime; probably originally signifying, the fine or mulct paid for an offence, and afterward the offense itself, and akin to AS. <i>gieldan</i> to pay, E. <i>yield</i>. See <u>Yield</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The criminality and consequent exposure to punishment resulting from willful disobedience of law, or from morally wrong action; the state of one who has broken a moral or political law; crime; criminality; offense against right.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Satan had not answer, but stood struck<BR> With <i>guilt</i> of his own sin.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Exposure to any legal penalty or forfeiture.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A ship incurs <i>guilt</i> by the violation of a blockade.</blockquote> <i>Kent.</i></p>

<p><hw>Guilt"i*ly</hw> (g&ibreve;lt"&ibreve;*l&ybreve;), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a guilty manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Guilt"i*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality or state of being guilty.</def></p>

<p><hw>Guilt"less</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Free from guilt; innocent.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The Lord will not hold him <i>guiltless</i> that taketh his name in vain.</blockquote> <i>Ex. xx. 7.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Without experience or trial; unacquainted (with).</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Such gardening tools, as art, yet rude,<BR> Guiltless of fire, had formed.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p>— <wf>Guilt"less*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Guilt"less*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Guilt"-sick`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Made sick by consciousness of guilt.</def> "A <i>guilt-sick</i> conscience." <i>Beau. & Fl.</i></p>

<p><hw>Guilt"y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<pos><i>Compar.</i></pos> <u>Gultier</u> (?); <pos><i>superl.</i></pos> <u>Guiltiest</u>.] [AS. <i>gyltig</i> liable. See <u>Guilt</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Having incurred guilt; criminal; morally delinquent; wicked; chargeable with, or responsible for, something censurable; justly exposed to penalty; — used with <i>of</i>, and usually followed by the crime, sometimes by the punishment.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>They answered and said, He is <i>guilty</i> of death.</blockquote> <i>Matt. xxvi. 66.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Nor he, nor you, were <i>guilty</i> of the strife.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Evincing or indicating guilt; involving guilt; as, a <i>guilty</i> look; a <i>guilty</i> act; a <i>guilty</i> feeling.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Conscious; cognizant.</def> [Obs.] <i>B. Jonson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Condemned to payment.</def> [Obs. & R.] <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Guilt"y*like`</hw> (-l&ibreve;k`), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>Guiltily.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Guin"ea</hw> (g&ibreve;n"&esl;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A district on the west coast of Africa (formerly noted for its export of gold and slaves) after which the <i>Guinea fowl</i>, <i>Guinea grass</i>, <i>Guinea peach</i>, etc., are named.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A gold coin of England current for twenty- one shillings sterling, or about five dollars, but not coined since the issue of sovereigns in 1817.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The guinea, so called from the Guinea gold out of which it<BR> was first struck, was proclaimed in 1663, and to go for twenty shillings; but it never went for less than twenty-one shillings.</blockquote> <i>Pinkerton.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Guinea corn</b></col>. <i>(Bot.)</i> <cd>See <u>Durra</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Guinea Current</b></col> <i>(Geog.)</i>, <cd>a current in the Atlantic Ocean setting southwardly into the Bay of Benin on the coast of Guinea.</cd> — <col><b>Guinea dropper</b></col><cd> one who cheats by dropping counterfeit guineas.</cd> [Obs.] <i>Gay.</i> — <col><b>Guinea fowl</b></col>, <col><b>Guinea hen</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>an African gallinaceous bird, of the genus <i>Numida</i>, allied to the pheasants. The common domesticated species (<i>N. meleagris</i>), has a colored fleshy horn on each aide of the head, and is of a dark gray color, variegated with small white spots. The crested Guinea fowl (<i>N. cristata</i>) is a finer species.</cd> — <col><b>Guinea grains</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>grains of Paradise, or amomum. See <u>Amomum</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Guinea grass</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>a tall strong forage grass (<i>Panicum jumentorum</i>) introduced. from Africa into the West Indies and Southern United States.</cd> — <col><b>Guinea-hen flower</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>a liliaceous flower (<i>Fritillaria Meleagris</i>) with petals spotted like the feathers of the Guinea hen.</cd> — <col><b>Guinea peach</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Peach</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Guinea pepper</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>the pods of the <i>Xylopia aromatica</i>, a tree of the order <i>Anonace&aelig;</i>, found in tropical West Africa. They are also sold under the name of <i>Piper &AElig;thiopicum</i>.</cd> —<col><b>Guinea pig</b></col>. [Prob. a mistake for <i>Guiana pig</i>.] <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <cd>A small Brazilian rodent (<i>Cavia cobaya</i>), about seven inches in length and usually of a white color, with spots of orange and black.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>A contemptuous sobriquet.</cd> <i>Smollett</i> — <col><b>Guinea plum</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>the fruit of <i>Parinarium excelsum</i>, a large West African tree of the order <i>Chrysobalane&aelig;</i>, having a scarcely edible fruit somewhat resembling a plum, which is also called <i>gray plum</i> and <i>rough-skin plum</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Guinea worm</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a long and slender African nematoid worm (<i>Filaria Medinensis</i>) of a white color. It lives in the cellular tissue of man, beneath the skin, and produces painful sores.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Gui*pure"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F.] <def>A term used for lace of different kinds; most properly for a lace of large pattern and heavy material which has no ground or mesh, but has the pattern held together by connecting threads called <i>bars</i> or <i>brides</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Guir"land</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Obs.] <def>See <u>Garland</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Guise</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>guise</i>, <i>gise</i>, way, manner, F. <i>guise</i>, fr. OHG. <i>w&imacr;sa</i>, G. <i>weise</i>. See <u>Wise</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Customary way of speaking or acting; custom; fashion; manner; behavior; mien; mode; practice; — often used formerly in such phrases as: at his own <i>guise</i>; that is, in his own fashion, to suit himself.</def> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The swain replied, "It never was our <i>guise</i><BR> To slight the poor, or aught humane despise."</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>External appearance in manner or dress; appropriate indication or expression; garb; shape.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>As then the <i>guise</i> was for each gentle swain.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>A . . . specter, in a far more terrific <i>guise</i> than any which<BR> ever yet have overpowered the imagination.</blockquote> <i>Burke.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Cover; cloak; as, under the <i>guise</i> of patriotism.</def></p>

<p><hw>Guis"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From <u>Guise</u>.] <def>A person in disguise; a masker; a mummer.</def> [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]</p>

<p><hw>Gui*tar"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>guitare</i>; cf. Pr., Sp., & Pg. <i>guitarra</i>, It. <i>chitarra</i>; all fr. Gr. &?;; cf. L. <i>cithara</i>. Cf. <u>Cittern</u>, <u>Gittern</u>.] <def>A stringed instrument of music resembling the lute or the violin, but larger, and having six strings, three of silk covered with silver wire, and three of catgut, — played upon with the fingers.</def></p>

<p><hw>Guit"guit`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [So called from its note.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of several species of small tropical American birds of the family <i>C&oelig;rebid&aelig;</i>, allied to the creepers; — called also <i>quit</i>. See <u>Quit</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Gu"la</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> L. <plw><b>Gul&AElig;</b></plw> (#), E. <plw><b>Gulas</b></plw> (#). [L., the throat, gullet.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The upper front of the neck, next to the chin; the upper throat.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A plate which in most insects supports the submentum.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>A capping molding. Same as <u>Cymatium</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gu"lar</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>gulaire</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Pertaining to the gula or throat; as, <i>gular</i> plates. See <i>Illust.</i> of <u>Bird</u>, and <u>Bowfin</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gu"laund</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Icel. <i>gul- &ouml;nd</i>.] <def>An arctic sea bird.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gulch</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Act of gulching or gulping.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A glutton.</def> [Obs.] <i>B. Jonson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A ravine, or part of the deep bed of a torrent when dry; a gully.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gulch</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [OE. <i>gulchen</i>; cf. dial. Sw. <i>g&ouml;lka</i> to <i>gulch</i>, D. <i>gulzig</i> greedy, or E. <i>gulp</i>.] <def>To swallow greedily; to gulp down.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Guld</hw> (g&ubreve;ld), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A flower. See <u>Gold</u>.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gul"den</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Guilder</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gule</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To give the color of gules to.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gule</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The throat; the gullet.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Throats so wide and <i>gules</i> so gluttonous.</blockquote> <i>Gauden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gules</hw> (g&umacr;lz), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>goules</i>, F. <i>gueules</i>, the same word as <i>gueule</i> throat, OF. <i>gole</i>, <i>goule</i>, L. <i>gula</i>. So named from the red color of the throat. See <u>Gullet</u>, and cf. <u>Gula</u>.] <i>(Her.)</i> <def>The tincture red, indicated in seals and engraved figures of escutcheons by parallel vertical lines. Hence, used poetically for a red color or that which is red.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>His sev'n-fold targe a field of <i>gules</i> did
stain<BR>
In which two swords he bore; his word,<BR>
"Divide and reign."</blockquote> <i>P. Fletcher. </i></p>

<p><blockquote>Follow thy drum;<BR> With man's blood paint the ground; <i>gules</i>, <i>gules</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Let's march to rest and set in <i>gules</i>, like suns.</blockquote> <i>Beau. & Fl.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gulf</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>golfe</i>, It. <i>golfo</i>, fr. Gr. <i>&?;</i> bosom, bay, gulf, LGr. &?;.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A hollow place in the earth; an abyss; a deep chasm or basin,</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He then surveyed<BR> Hell and the <i>gulf</i> between.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Between us and you there is a great gulf fixed.</blockquote> <i>Luke xvi. 26.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>That which swallows; the gullet.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>That which swallows irretrievably; a whirlpool; a sucking eddy.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>A <i>gulf</i> of ruin, swallowing gold.</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Geog.)</i> <def>A portion of an ocean or sea extending into the land; a partially land-locked sea; as, the <i>Gulf</i> of Mexico.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <i>(Mining)</i> <def>A large deposit of ore in a lode.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Gulf Stream</b></col> <i>(Geog.)</i>, <cd>the warm ocean current of the North Atlantic.</cd> It originates in the westward equatorial current, due to the trade winds, is deflected northward by Cape St. Roque through the Gulf of Mexico, and flows parallel to the coast of North America, turning eastward off the island of Nantucket. Its average rate of flow is said to be about two miles an hour. The similar Japan current, or <i>Kuro-Siwo</i>, is sometimes called the <i>Gulf Stream</i> of the Pacific. — <col><b>Gulf weed</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>a branching seaweed (<i>Sargassum bacciferum</i>, or sea grape), having numerous berrylike air vessels, — found in the Gulf Stream, in the Sargasso Sea, and elsewhere.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Gulf"y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Full of whirlpools or gulfs.</def> <i>Chapman.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gul"gul</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Hind. <i>galgal</i>.] <def>A cement made in India from sea shells, pulverized and mixed with oil, and spread over a ship's bottom, to prevent the boring of worms.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gu"list</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>gulo</i>.] <def>A glutton.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Gull</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Gulled</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Gulling</u>.] [Prob. fr. <i>gull</i> the bird; but cf. OSw. <i>gylla</i> to deceive, D. <i>kullen</i>, and E. <i>cullibility</i>.] <def>To deceive; to cheat; to mislead; to trick; to defraud.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The rulgar, <i>gulled</i> into rebellion, armed.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>I'm not <i>gulling</i> him for the emperor's service.</blockquote> <i>Coleridge.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gull</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A cheating or cheat; trick; fraud.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>One easily cheated; a dupe.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gull</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Of Celtic origin; cf. Corn. <i>gullan</i>, W. <i>gwylan</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of many species of long-winged sea birds of the genus <i>Larus</i> and allied genera.</def></p>

<p>&fist; Among the best known American species are the herring gull (<i>Larus argentatus</i>), the great black-backed gull (<i>L. murinus</i>) the laughing gull (<i>L. atricilla</i>), and Bonaparte's gull (<i>L. Philadelphia</i>). The common European gull is <i>Larus canus</i>.</p>

<p><col><b>Gull teaser</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the jager; — also applied to certain species of terns.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Gull"age</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Act of being gulled.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Had you no quirk.<BR> To avoid <i>gullage</i>, sir, by such a creature?</blockquote> <i>B. Jonson</i></p>

<p><hw>Gull"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who gulls; a deceiver.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gull"er*y</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>An act, or the practice, of gulling; trickery; fraud.</def> [R.] "A mere <i>gullery</i>." <i>Selden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gul"let</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>golet</i>, OF. <i>Goulet</i>, dim. of <i>gole</i>, <i>goule</i>, <i>throat</i>, F. <i>gueule</i>, L. <i>gula</i>; perh. akin to Skr. <i>gula</i>, G. <i>kenle</i>; cf. F. <i>goulet</i> the neck of a bottle, <i>goulotte</i> channel gutter. Cf. <u>Gules</u>, <u>Gully</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>The tube by which food and drink are carried from the pharynx to the stomach; the esophagus.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Something shaped like the food passage, or performing similar functions</def>; as: <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A channel for water.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <i>(Engin.)</i> <def>A preparatory cut or channel in excavations, of sufficient width for the passage of earth wagons.</def> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <def>A concave cut made in the teeth of some saw blades.</def></p>

<p><! p. 658 !></p>

<p><hw>Gul"let*ing</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Engin.)</i> <def>A system of excavating by means of gullets or channels.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gul"li*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Easily gulled; that may be duped.</def> — <wf>Gul"li*bii`i*ty</wf> (#), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>Burke.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gull"ish</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Foolish; stupid.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><wf>Gull"ish*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Gul"ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Gulles</b></plw> (#). [<i>Etymol</i>. <i>uncertain</i>] <def>A large knife.</def> [Scot.] <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gul"ly</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Gullies</b></plw> (#). [<i>Formerly gullet</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A channel or hollow worn in the earth by a current of water; a short deep portion of a torrent's bed when dry.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A grooved iron rail or tram plate.</def> [Eng.]</p>

<p><col><b>Gully gut</b></col>, <cd>a glutton.</cd> [Obs.] <i>Chapman.</i> — <col><b>Gully hole</b></col>, <cd>the opening through which gutters discharge surface water.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Gul"ly</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Gullied</u> (#); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Gullying</u>.] <def>To wear into a gully or into gullies.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gul"ly</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To flow noisily.</def> [Obs.] <i>Johnson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gu*los"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>gulositas</i>, fr. <i>gulosus</i> gluttonous. See <u>Gullet</u>.] <def>Excessive appetite; greediness; voracity.</def> [R.] <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gulp</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Gulped</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Gulping</u>.] [D. <i>gulpen</i>, cf. OD. <i>golpe gulf</i>.] <def>To swallow eagerly, or in large draughts; to swallow up; to take down at one swallow.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He does not swallow, but he <i>gulps</i> it down.</blockquote> <i>Cowper.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The old man . . . glibly <i>gulped</i> down the whole narrative.</blockquote> <i>Fielding.</i></p>

<p><col><b>To gulp up</b></col>, <cd>to throw up from the stomach; to disgorge.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Gulp</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of taking a large mouthful; a swallow, or as much as is awallowed at once.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A disgorging.</def> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><hw>Gulph</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Obs.] <def>See <u>Gulf</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gult</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Guilt. See <u>Guilt</u>.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gult"y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Guilty.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gul"y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to gules; red.</def> "Those fatal <i>guly</i> dragons." <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gum</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>gome</i>, AS. <i>gama</i> palate; akin Co G. g<i>aumen</i>, OHG. <i>goumo</i>, <i>guomo</i>, Icel. <i>g&?;mr</i>, Sw. <i>gom</i>; cf. Gr. &?; to gape.] <def>The dense tissues which invest the teeth, and cover the adjacent parts of the jaws.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Gum rash</b></col> <i>(Med.)</i>, <cd>strophulus in a teething child; red gum.</cd> — <col><b>Gum stick</b></col>, <cd>a smooth hard substance for children to bite upon while teething.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Gum</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To deepen and enlarge the spaces between the teeth of (a worn saw). See <u>Gummer</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gum</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>gomme</i>, <i>gumme</i>, F. <i>gomme</i>, L. <i>gummi</i> and commis, fr. Gr. &?;, prob. from an Egyptian form <i>kam&?;</i>; cf. It. <u>gomma</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A vegetable secretion of many trees or plants that hardens when it exudes, but is soluble in water; as, <i>gum</i> arabic; <i>gum</i> tragacanth; the <i>gum</i> of the cherry tree. Also, with less propriety, exudations that are not soluble in water; as, <i>gum</i> copal and <i>gum</i> sandarac, which are really resins.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>See <u>Gum tree</u>, <u>below</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A hive made of a section of a hollow gum tree; hence, any roughly made hive; also, a vessel or bin made of a hollow log.</def> [Southern U. S.]</p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>A rubber overshoe.</def> [Local, U. S.]</p>

<p><col><b>Black gum</b></col>, <col><b>Blue gum</b></col>, <col><b>British gum</b></col>, etc. <cd>See under <u>Black</u>, <u>Blue</u>, etc.</cd> — <col><b>Gum Acaroidea</b></col>, <cd>the resinous gum of the Australian grass tree (<i>Xanlhorrh&oelig;a</i>).</cd> — <col><b>Gum animal</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the galago of West Africa; — so called because it feeds on gums. See <u>Galago</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Gum animi or anim&eacute;</b></col>. <cd>See <u>Anim&eacute;</u>.</cd> - - <col><b>Gum arabic</b></col><cd>, a gum yielded mostly by several species of <i>Acacia</i> (chiefly <i>A. vera</i> and <i>A. Arabica</i>) growing in Africa and Southern Asia; — called also <i>gum acacia</i>. East Indian gum arabic comes from a tree of the Orange family which bears the elephant apple.</cd> — <col><b>Gum butea</b></col>, <cd>a gum yielded by the Indian plants <i>Butea frondosa</i> and <i>B. superba</i>, and used locally in tanning and in precipitating indigo.</cd> — <col><b>Gum cistus</b></col>, <cd>a plant of the genus <i>Cistus</i> (<i>Cistus ladaniferus</i>), a species of rock rose.</cd> — <col><b>Gum dragon</b></col>. <cd>See <u>Tragacanth</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Gum elastic</b></col>, <col><b>Elastic gum</b></col>. <cd>See <u>Caoutchouc</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Gum elemi</b></col>. <cd>See <u>Elemi</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Gum juniper</b></col>. <cd>See <u>Sandarac</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Gum kino</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Kino</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Gum lac</b></col>. <cd>See <u>Lac</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Gum Ladanum</b></col><cd>, a fragrant gum yielded by several Oriental species of Cistus or rock rose.</cd> — <col><b>Gum passages</b></col>, <cd>sap receptacles extending through the parenchyma of certain plants (<i>Amygdalace&aelig;</i>, <i>Cactace&aelig;</i>, etc.), and affording passage for gum.</cd> — <col><b>Gum pot</b></col><cd>, a varnish maker's utensil for melting gum and mixing other ingredients.</cd> — <col><b>Gum resin</b></col>, <cd>the milky juice of a plant solidified by exposure to air; one of certain inspissated saps, mixtures of, or having properties of, gum and resin; a resin containing more or less mucilaginous and gummy matter.</cd> — <col><b>Gum sandarac</b></col>. <cd>See <u>Sandarac</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Gum Senegal</b></col><cd>, a gum similar to gum arabic, yielded by trees (<i>Acacia Verek</i> and <i>A. Adansoni&auml;</i>) growing in the Senegal country, West Africa.</cd> — <col><b>Gum tragacanth</b></col>. <cd>See <u>Tragacanth</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Gum tree</b></col>, <cd>the name given to several trees in America and Australia</cd>: <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>The black gum (<i>Nyssa multiflora</i>), one of the largest trees of the Southern States, bearing a small blue fruit, the favorite food of the opossum.</cd> Most of the large trees become hollow. <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>A tree of the genus <i>Eucalyptus.</i></cd> See <u>Eucalpytus.</u> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <cd>The sweet gum tree of the United States (<i>Liquidambar styraciflua</i>), a large and beautiful tree with pointedly lobed leaves and woody burlike fruit. It exudes an aromatic terebinthine juice.</cd> — <col><b>Gum water</b></col>, <cd>a solution of gum, esp. of gum arabic, in water.</cd> — <col><b>Gum wood</b></col>, <cd>the wood of any gum tree, esp. the wood of the <i>Eucalyptus piperita</i>, of New South Wales.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Gum</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. &. p.</i></pos> <u>Gummed</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Gumming</u>.] <def>To smear with gum; to close with gum; to unite or stiffen by gum or a gumlike substance; to make sticky with a gumlike substance.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He frets like a <i>gummed</i> velvet.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gum</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To exude or from gum; to become gummy.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gum"bo</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Written also <i>gombo</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A soup thickened with the mucilaginous pods of the okra; okra soup.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The okra plant or its pods.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gum"boil</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>A small suppurating inflamed spot on the gum.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Gum"ma</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Gummata</b></plw> (#). [NL. So called from its gummy contents See <u>Gum</u>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>A kind of soft tumor, usually of syphilitic origin.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gum*ma"tous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Belonging to, or resembling, gumma.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gum"mer</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From <u>2d Gum</u>.] <def>A punch-cutting tool, or machine for deepening and enlarging the spaces between the teeth of a worn saw.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gum*mif"er*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. gummi <i>gum</i> + <i>-ferous</i>.] <def>Producing gum; gum- bearing.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gum"mi*ness</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The state or quality of being gummy; viscousness.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gum"mite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [So called because it occurs in rounded or flattened pieces which look like gum.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>A yellow amorphous mineral, essentially a hydrated oxide of uranium derived from the alteration of uraninite.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gum*mos"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Gumminess; a viscous or adhesive quality or nature.</def> [R.] <i>Floyer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gum"mous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>gummosus</i>; cf. F. <i>gommeux</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Gumlike, or composed of gum; gummy.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to a gumma.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gum"my</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Compar. <u>Gummer</u> (&?;); superl. <u>Gummirst</u>.] <def>Consisting of gum; viscous; adhesive; producing or containing gum; covered with gum or a substance resembling gum.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Kindles the <i>gummy</i> bark of fir or pine.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Then rubs his <i>gummy</i> eyes.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Gummy tumor</b></col> <i>(Med.)</i>, <cd>a gumma.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Gump</hw> (g&ubreve;mp), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. Sw. & Dan. <i>gump</i> buttocks, rump, Icel. <i>gumpr</i>.] <def>A dolt; a dunce.</def> [Low.] <i>Holloway.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gump"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>gom</i>, <i>gome</i>, attention; akin to AS. <i>ge&oacute;mian</i>, <i>gyman</i>, to regard, observe, <i>gyme</i> care, OS. <i>gomean</i> to heed, Goth. <i>gaumjan</i> to see, notice.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Capacity; shrewdness; common sense.</def> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><blockquote>One does not have <i>gumption</i> till one has been properly cheated.</blockquote> <i>Lord Lytton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Paint.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The art of preparing colors.</def> <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>Megilp.</def> <i>Fairholt.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gun</hw> (g&ubreve;n), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>gonne</i>, <i>gunne</i>; of uncertain origin; cf. Ir., Gael., & LL. <i>gunna</i>, W. <i>gum</i>; possibly (like cannon) fr. L. <i>canna</i> reed, tube; or abbreviated fr. OF. <i>mangonnel</i>, E. <i>mangonel</i>, a machine for hurling stones.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A weapon which throws or propels a missile to a distance; any firearm or instrument for throwing projectiles by the explosion of gunpowder, consisting of a tube or barrel closed at one end, in which the projectile is placed, with an explosive charge behind, which is ignited by various means. Muskets, rifles, carbines, and fowling pieces are smaller guns, for hand use, and are called <i>small arms</i>. Larger guns are called <i>cannon</i>, <i>ordnance</i>, <i>fieldpieces</i>, <i>carronades</i>, <i>howitzers</i>, etc. See these terms in the Vocabulary.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>As swift as a pellet out of a gunne<BR> When fire is in the powder runne.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The word <i>gun</i> was in use in England for an engine to cast a thing from a man long before there was any gunpowder found out.</blockquote> <i>Selden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Mil.)</i> <def>A piece of heavy ordnance; in a restricted sense, a cannon.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>pl.</i> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>Violent blasts of wind.</def></p>

<p>&fist; Guns are classified, according to their construction or manner of loading as <i>rifled</i> or <i>smoothbore</i>, <i>breech- loading</i> or <i>muzzle-loading</i>, <i>cast</i> or <i>built-up guns</i>; or according to their use, as <i>field</i>, <i>mountain</i>, <i>prairie</i>, <i>seacoast</i>, and <i>siege guns</i>.</p>

<p><col><b>Armstrong gun</b></col>, <cd>a wrought iron breech-loading cannon named after its English inventor, Sir William <i>Armstrong</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Great gun</b></col>, <cd>a piece of heavy ordnance</cd>; hence (Fig.), <cd>a person superior in any way.</cd> — <col><b>Gun barrel</b></col>, <cd>the barrel or tube of a gun.</cd> — <col><b>Gun carriage</b></col>, <cd> the carriage on which a gun is mounted or moved.</cd> — <col><b>Gun cotton</b></col> <i>(Chem.)</i>, <cd>a general name for a series of explosive nitric ethers of cellulose, obtained by steeping cotton in nitric and sulphuric acids. Although there are formed substances containing nitric acid radicals, yet the results exactly resemble ordinary cotton in appearance. It burns without ash, with explosion if confined, but quietly and harmlessly if free and open, and in small quantity. Specifically, the lower nitrates of cellulose which are insoluble in ether and alcohol in distinction from the highest (<i>pyroxylin</i>) which is soluble. See <u>Pyroxylin</u>, and cf. <u>Xyloidin</u>. The gun cottons are used for blasting and somewhat in gunnery: for making celluloid when compounded with camphor; and the soluble variety (<i>pyroxylin</i>) for making collodion. See <u>Celluloid</u>, and <u>Collodion</u>. Gun cotton is frequenty but improperly called <i>nitrocellulose</i>. It is not a <i>nitro</i> compound, but an <i>ethereal salt</i> of nitric acid.</cd> — <col><b>Gun deck</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Deck</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Gun fire</b></col>, <cd>the time at which the morning or the evening gun is fired.</cd> — <col><b>Gun metal</b></col>, <cd>a bronze, ordinarily composed of nine parts of copper and one of tin, used for cannon, etc. The name is also given to certain strong mixtures of cast iron.</cd> — <col><b>Gun port</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>an opening in a ship through which a cannon's muzzle is run out for firing.</cd> — <col><b>Gun tackle</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>the blocks and pulleys affixed to the side of a ship, by which a gun carriage is run to and from the gun port.</cd> - - <col><b>Gun tackle purchase</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>a tackle composed of two single blocks and a fall.</cd> <i>Totten.</i> — <col><b>Krupp gun</b></col>, <cd>a wrought steel breech-loading cannon, named after its German inventor, Herr Krupp.</cd> — <col><b>Machine gun</b></col>, <cd>a breech-loading gun or a group of such guns, mounted on a carriage or other holder, and having a reservoir containing cartridges which are loaded into the gun or guns and fired in rapid succession, sometimes in volleys, by machinery operated by turning a crank. Several hundred shots can be fired in a minute with accurate aim. The <i>Gatling gun</i>, <i>Gardner gun</i>, <i>Hotchkiss gun</i>, and <i>Nordenfelt gun</i>, named for their inventors, and the French <i>mitrailleuse</i>, are <i>machine guns</i>.</cd> — <col><b>To blow great guns</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>to blow a gale. See <u>Gun</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, 3.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Gun</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To practice fowling or hunting small game; — chiefly in participial form; as, to go gunning.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Gu"na</hw> (g&oomac;"n&adot;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Skr. <i>guna</i> quality.] <def>In Sanskrit grammar, a lengthening of the simple vowels <i>a</i>, <i>i</i>, <i>e</i>, by prefixing an <i>a</i> element. The term is sometimes used to denote the same vowel change in other languages.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gu"nar*chy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Gynarchy</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gun"boat`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Nav.)</i> <def>A vessel of light draught, carrying one or more guns.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gun"cot`ton</hw> (?). <def>See under <u>Gun</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gun"de*let</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Obs.] <def>See <u>Gondola</u>.</def> <i>Marston.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gun"flint`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A sharpened flint for the lock of a gun, to ignite the charge. It was in common use before the introduction of percussion caps.</def> </p>

<p><hw>||Gun"jah</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>See <u>Ganja</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gun"lock`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The lock of a gun, for producing the discharge. See <u>Lock</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gun"nage</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The number of guns carried by a ship of war.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gun"nel</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Gunwale</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A gunwale.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A small, eel-shaped, marine fish of the genus <i>Mur&aelig;noides</i>; esp., <i>M. gunnellus</i> of Europe and America; — called also <i>gunnel fish</i>, <i>butterfish</i>, <i>rock eel</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gun"ner</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who works a gun, whether on land or sea; a cannoneer.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A warrant officer in the navy having charge of the ordnance on a vessel.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The great northern diver or loon. See <u>Loon</u>.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The sea bream.</def> [Prov. Eng. or Irish]</p>

<p><col><b>Gunner's daughter</b></col>, <cd>the gun to which men or boys were lashed for punishment.</cd> [Sailor's slang] <i>W. C. Russell.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gun"ner*y</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>That branch of military science which comprehends the theory of projectiles, and the manner of constructing and using ordnance.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gun"nie</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Mining.)</i> <def>Space left by the removal of ore.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gun"ning</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The act or practice of hunting or shooting game with a gun.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The art of <i>gunning</i> was but little practiced.</blockquote> <i>Goldsmith.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gun"ny</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, <hw>Gun"ny cloth`</hw> (&?;). [Hind. <i>gon</i>, <i>gon&?;</i>,, a sack, sacking.] <def>A strong, coarse kind of sacking, made from the fibers (called jute) of two plants of the genus <i>Corchorus</i> (<i>C. olitorius</i> and <i>C. capsularis</i>), of India. The fiber is also used in the manufacture of cordage.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Gunny bag</b></col>, <cd>a sack made of gunny, used for coarse commodities.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Gu*noc"ra*cy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Gyneocracy</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gun"pow`der</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A black, granular, explosive substance, consisting of an intimate mechanical mixture of niter, charcoal, and sulphur. It is used in gunnery and blasting.</def></p>

<p>&fist; Gunpowder consists of from 70 to 80 per cent of niter, with 10 to 15 per cent of each of the other ingredients. Its explosive energy is due to the fact that it contains the necessary amount of oxygen for its own combustion, and liberates gases (chiefly nitrogen and carbon dioxide), which occupy a thousand or fifteen hundred times more space than the powder which generated them.</p>

<p><col><b>Gunpowder pile driver</b></col>, <cd>a pile driver, the hammer of which is thrown up by the explosion of gunpowder.</cd> — <col><b>Gunpowder plot</b></col> <i>(Eng. Hist.)</i>, <cd>a plot to destroy the King, Lords, and Commons, in revenge for the penal laws against Catholics. As Guy Fawkes, the agent of the conspirators, was about to fire the mine, which was placed under the House of Lords, he was seized, Nov. 5, 1605. Hence, Nov. 5 is known in England as <i>Guy Fawkes Day</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Gunpowder tea</b></col>, <cd>a species of fine green tea, each leaf of which is rolled into a small ball or pellet.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Gun"reach`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The reach or distance to which a gun will shoot; gunshot.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gun"room`</hw> (&?;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>An apartment on the after end of the lower gun deck of a ship of war, usually occupied as a messroom by the commissioned officers, except the captain; — called wardroom in the United States navy.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gun"shot`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Act of firing a gun; a shot.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The distance to which shot can be thrown from a gun, so as to be effective; the reach or range of a gun.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Those who are come over to the royal party are supposed to be out of <i>gunshot</i>.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gun"shot`</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Made by the shot of a gun: as. a <i>gunshot</i> wound.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gun"smith</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One whose occupation is to make or repair small firearms; an armorer.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Gunsmith`er*y</hw> (?), <hw>Gun"smith` ing</hw>, } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The art or business of a gunsmith.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gun"stick</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A stick to ram down the charge of a musket, etc.; a rammer or ramrod.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Gun"stock`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The stock or wood to which the barrel of a hand gun is fastened.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gun"stome`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A cannon ball; — so called because originally made of stone.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><! p. 659 !></p>

<p><hw>Gun"ter rig`</hw> (?). <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>A topmast arranged with metal bands so that it will readily slide up and down the lower mast.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gun"ter's chain`</hw> (?). <i>(Surveying)</i> <def>The chain ordinarily used in measuring land. See <u>Chain</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, 4, and <u>Gunter's scale</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gun"ter's line`</hw> (?). <def>A logarithmic line on Gunter's scale, used for performing the multiplication and division of numbers mechanically by the dividers; — called also <i>line of lines</i>, and <i>line of numbers</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gun"ter's quad`rant</hw> (?). <def>A thin quadrant, made of brass, wood, etc., showing a stereographic projection on the plane of the equator. By it are found the hour of the day, the sun's azimuth, the altitude of objects in degrees, etc. See <u>Gunter's scale</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gun"ter's scale`</hw> (?). <def>A scale invented by the Rev. Edmund <i>Gunter</i> (1581-1626), a professor of astronomy at Gresham College, London, who invented also <i>Gunter's chain</i>, and <i>Gunter's quadrant</i>.</def></p>

<p>&fist; Gunter's scale is a wooden rule, two feet long, on one side of which are marked scales of equal parts, of chords, sines, tangents, rhombs, etc., and on the other side scales of logarithms of these various parts, by means of which many problems in surveying and navigation may be solved, mechanically, by the aid of dividers alone.</p>

<p><hw>Gun"wale</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Gun</i> + <i>wale</i>. So named because the upper guns were pointed from it.] <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>The upper edge of a vessel's or boat's side; the uppermost wale of a ship (not including the bulwarks); or that piece of timber which reaches on either side from the quarter-deck to the forecastle, being the uppermost bend, which finishes the upper works of the hull.</def> [Written also <i>gunnel</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Gurge</hw> (g&ucirc;rj), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>gurges</i>.] <def>A whirlpool.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>The plain, wherein a black bituminous <i>gurge</i><BR> Boils out from under ground.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gurge</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [See <u>Gorge</u>.] <def>To swallow up.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Gur"geons</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [Obs.] <def>See <u>Grudgeons</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gur"gle</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Gurgled</u> (?);<pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Gurgling</u> (?).] [Cf. It. <i>gorgogliare</i> to gargle, bubble up, fr. L. <i>gurgulio</i> gullet. Cf. <u>Gargle</u>, <u>Gorge</u>.] <def>To run or flow in a broken, irregular, noisy current, as water from a bottle, or a small stream among pebbles or stones.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Pure gurgling rills the lonely desert trace,<BR> And waste their music on the savage race.</blockquote> <i>Young.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gur"gle</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The act of gurgling; a broken, bubbling noise.</def> "Tinkling <i>gurgles</i>." <i>W. Thompson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gur"glet</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Goglet</u>.] <def>A porous earthen jar for cooling water by evaporation.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gur"gling*ly`</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a gurgling manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gur"goyle</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Gargoyle</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gur"jun</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A thin balsam or wood oil derived from the <i>Diptcrocarpus l&aelig;vis</i>, an East Indian tree. It is used in medicine, and as a substitute for linseed oil in the coarser kinds of paint.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gurl</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A young person of either sex. [Obs.] See <u>Girl</u>.</def> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gur"let</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Masonry)</i> <def>A pickax with one sharp point and one cutting edge.</def> <i>Knight.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gur"my</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Mining)</i> <def>A level; a working.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Gur"nard</hw> (?), <hw>Gur"net</hw> (?) } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>gornal</i>, <i>gournal</i>, <i>gornart</i>, perh. akin to F. <i>grogner</i> to <i>grunt</i>; cf. Ir. <i>guirnead</i> gurnard.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One ofseveral European marine fishes, of the genus Trigla and allied genera, having a large and spiny head, with mailed cheeks. Some of the species are highly esteemed for food. The name is sometimes applied to the American sea robins.</def> [Written also <i>gournet</i>.]</p>

<p><col><b>Plyling gurnard</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Flying</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Gur"ni*ad</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>See <u>Gwiniad</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gur"ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>An alvine evacuation; also, refuse matter.</def> [Obs. or Local] <i>Holland.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gur"ry`</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Hind. <i>garh&imacr;</i>.] <def>A small fort.</def> [India]</p>

<p><hw>Gurt</hw> (g&ucirc;rt), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Mining)</i> <def>A gutter or channel for water, hewn out of the bottom of a working drift.</def> <i>Page.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gurts</hw> (g&ucirc;rts), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [Cf. <u>Grout</u>.] <def>Groats.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Gush</hw> (g&ubreve;sh), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Gushed</u> (g&ubreve;sht); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Gushing</u>.] [OE. <i>guschen</i>, cf. Icel. <i>gusa</i> and <i>gjsa</i>, also D. <i>gucsen</i>; perh. akin to AS. <i>ge&oacute;tan</i> to pour, G. <i>giessen</i>, Goth. <i>giutan</i>, E. <i>gut</i>. Cf. <u>Found</u> to cast.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To issue with violence and rapidity, as a fluid; to rush forth as a fluid from confinement; to flow copiously.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He smote the rock that the waters <i>gushed</i> out.</blockquote> <i>Ps ixxviii 20.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>A sea of blood <i>gushed</i> from the gaping wound.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To make a sentimental or untimely exhibition of affection; to display enthusiasm in a silly, demonstrative manner.</def> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><hw>Gush</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A sudden and violent issue of a fluid from an inclosed plase; an emission of a liquid in a large quantity, and with force; the fluid thus emitted; a rapid outpouring of anything; as, a <i>gush</i> of song from a bird.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>gush</i> of springs,<BR> An fall of lofty foundains.</blockquote> <i>Byron.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A sentimental exhibition of affection or enthusiasm, etc.; effusive display of sentiment.</def> [Collog.]</p>

<p><hw>Gush"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who gushes.</def> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><hw>Gush"ing</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Rushing forth with violence, as a fluid; flowing copiously; as, <i>gushing</i> waters.</def> "<i>Gushing</i> blood." <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Emitting copiously, as tears or words; weakly and unreservedly demonstrative in matters of affection; sentimental.</def> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><hw>Gush"ing*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>In a gushing manner; copiously.</def> <i>Byron.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Weakly; sentimentally; effusively.</def> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><hw>Gus"set</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>gousset</i> armpit, fob, <i>gusset</i>, dim. of <i>gousse</i> pod, husk; cf. It. <i>guscio</i> shell, or W. <i>cwysed</i> gore, gusset.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A small piece of cloth inserted in a garment, for the purpose of strengthening some part or giving it a tapering enlargement.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Seam and <i>gusset</i> and band.</blockquote> <i>Hood.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Anything resembling a gusset in a garment</def>; as: <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <i>(Armor)</i> <def>A small piece of chain mail at the openings of the joints beneath the arms.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <i>(Mach.)</i> <def>A kind of bracket, or angular piece of iron, fastened in the angles of a structure to give strength or stiffness; esp., the part joining the barrel and the fire box of a locomotive boiler.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Her.)</i> <def>An abatement or mark of dishonor in a coat of arms, resembling a gusset.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gust</hw> (g&uc;st), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Icel. <i>gustr</i> a cool breeze. Cf. <u>Gush</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A sudden squall; a violent blast of wind; a sudden and brief rushing or driving of the wind.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Snow, and hail, stormy <i>gust</i> and flaw.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A sudden violent burst of passion.</def> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gust</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>gustus</i>; cf. It. & Sp. <i>gusto</i>. &radic;46.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The sense or pleasure of tasting; relish; gusto.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>An ox will relish the tender flesh of kids with as much <i>gust</i> and appetite.</blockquote> <i>Jer. Taylor.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Gratification of any kind, particularly that which is exquisitely relished; enjoyment.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Destroy all creatures for thy sport or <i>gust.</i></blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Intellectual taste; fancy.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A choice of it may be made according to the gust and manner of the ancients.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gust</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [Cf. L. <i>gustare</i>, It. <i>gustare</i>, Sp. <i>gustar</i>. See <u>GUST</u> a relish.] <def>To taste; to have a relish for.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Gust"a*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See <u>Gust</u>, <pos><i>v.</i></pos>] [Obs.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Capable of being tasted; tastable.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>This position informs us of a vulgar error, terming the gall<BR> bitter; whereas there is nothing <i>gustable</i> sweeter.</blockquote> <i>Harvey.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Pleasant to the taste; toothsome; savory.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A <i>gustable</i> thing, seen or smelt, excites the appetite, and affects the glands and parts of the mouth.</blockquote> <i>Derham.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gust"a*ble</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Anything that can be tasted.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Gus"tard</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The great bustard.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gus*ta"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>gustatio</i>: cf. F. <i>gustation</i>.] <def>The act of tasting.</def> [R.] <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gust"a*to*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pertaining to, or subservient to, the sense of taste; as, the <i>gustatory</i> nerve which supplies the front of the tongue.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gust"ful</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Tasteful; well- tasted.</def> [Obs.] <i>Sir K. Digby.</i> — <wf>Gust"ful*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Obs.] <i>Barrow.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gust"ful</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Gusty.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>A <i>gustful</i> April morn.</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gust"less</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Tasteless; insipid.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Gus"to</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [It. or Sp., fr. L. <i>gustus</i>; akin to E. <i>choose</i>. Cf. 2d <u>GUST</u>, <u>GOUR</u>.] <def>Nice or keen appreciation or enjoyment; relish; taste; fancy.</def> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Gus*to"so</hw> (?), <pos><i>a. & adv.</i></pos> [It.] <i>(Mus.)</i> <def>Tasteful; in a tasteful, agreeable manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gust"y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Subject to, or characterized by, gusts or squalls; windy; stormy; tempestuous.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Upon a raw and <i>gusty</i> day.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gut</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>gut</i>, <i>got</i>, AS. <i>gut</i>, prob. orig., a channel, and akin to <i>ge&oacute;tan</i> to pour. See <u>FOUND</u> to cast.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A narrow passage of water; as, the <i>Gut</i> of Canso.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>An intenstine; a bowel; the whole alimentary canal; the enteron; (<i>pl.</i>) bowels; entrails.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>One of the prepared entrails of an animal, esp. of a sheep, used for various purposes. See <u>Catgut</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>The sac of silk taken from a silkworm (when ready to spin its cocoon), for the purpose of drawing it out into a thread. This, when dry, is exceedingly strong, and is used as the snood of a fish line.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Blind gut</b></col>. <cd>See <u>C&AElig;cum</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Gut</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Gutted</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Gutting</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To take out the bowels from; to eviscerate.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To plunder of contents; to destroy or remove the interior or contents of; as, a mob <i>gutted</i> the house.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Tom Brown, of facetious memory, having <i>gutted</i> a proper<BR> name of its vowels, used it as freely as he pleased.</blockquote> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Gut"ta</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Gutt&AElig;</b></plw> (#). [L.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A drop.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>One of a series of ornaments, in the form of a frustum of a cone, attached to the lower part of the triglyphs, and also to the lower faces of the mutules, in the Doric order; — called also <i>campana</i>, and <i>drop</i>.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Gutta serena</b></col> [L., lit. serene or clear drop] <i>(Med.)</i>, <cd>amaurosis.</cd> — <col><b>Gutt&aelig; band</b></col>> <i>(Arch.)</i>, <cd>the listel or band from which the gutt&aelig; hang.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Gut"ta-per`cha</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Malay <i>gutah</i> gum + <i>pertja</i> the tree from which is it procured.] <def>A concrete juice produced by various trees found in the Malayan archipelago, especially by the <i>Isonandra, or Dichopsis, Gutta</i>. It becomes soft, and unpressible at the tamperature of boiling water, and, on cooling, retains its new shape. It dissolves in oils and ethers, but not in water. In many of its properties it resembles caoutchouc, and it is extensively used for many economical purposes. The <i>Mimusops globosa</i> of Guiana also yields this material.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gut"tate</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>guttatus</i>. Cf. <u>Gutty</u>.] <def>Spotted, as if discolored by drops.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gut"ta*ted</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See <u>Guttate</u>.] <def>Besprinkled with drops, or droplike spots.</def> <i>Bailey.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gut"ta*trap</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The inspissated juice of a tree of the genus <i>Artocarpus</i> (<i>A. incisa</i>, or breadfruit tree), sometimes used in making birdlime, on account of its glutinous quality.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gut"ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>gotere</i>, OF. <i>goutiere</i>, F. <i>goutti&egrave;re</i>, fr. OF. <i>gote</i>, <i>goute</i>, drop, F. <i>goutte</i>, fr. L. <i>gutta</i>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A channel at the eaves of a roof for conveying away the rain; an eaves channel; an eaves trough.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A small channel at the roadside or elsewhere, to lead off surface water.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Gutters</i> running with ale.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Any narrow channel or groove; as, a gutter formed by erosion in the vent of a gun from repeated firing.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Gutter member</b></col> <i>(Arch.)</i>, <cd>an architectural member made by treating the outside face of the gutter in a decorative fashion, or by crowning it with ornaments, regularly spaced, like a diminutive battlement.</cd> — <col><b>Gutter plane</b></col>, <cd>a carpenter's plane with a rounded bottom for planing out gutters.</cd> — <col><b>Gutter snipe</b></col>, <cd>a neglected boy running at large; a street Arab.</cd> [Slang] — <col><b>Gutter stick</b></col> <i>(Printing)</i>, <cd>one of the pieces of furniture which separate pages in a form.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Gut*ter</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Guttered</u> (#); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Guttering</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To cut or form into small longitudinal hollows; to channel.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To supply with a gutter or gutters.</def> [R.] <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gut"ter</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To become channeled, as a candle when the flame flares in the wind.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Gut"ti*fer`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. L. <i>gutta</i> drop+ <i>ferre</i> to bear.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A plant that exudes gum or resin.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gut*tif"er*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>Yielding gum or resinous substances.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>Pertaining to a natural order of trees and shrubs (<i>Guttifer&aelig;</i>) noted for their abounding in a resinous sap.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gut"ti*form</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>gutta</i> a drop + <i>-form</i>.] <def>Drop-shaped, as a spot of color.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gut"tle</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t. & i.</i></pos> [From <u>GUT</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <def>To put into the gut; to swallow greedily; to gorge; to gormandize. [Obs.] L'Estrange.</def> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gut"tler</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A greedy eater; a glutton.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Gut"tu*lous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>guttula</i> a little drop, dim. of <i>gutta</i> drop.] <def>In droplike form.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>In its [hail's] <i>guttulous</i> descent from the air.</blockquote> <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gut"tur*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>guttur</i> throat: cf. F. <i>gutural</i>.] <def>Of or pertaining to the throat; formed in the throat; relating to, or characteristic of, a sound formed in the throat.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Children are occasionally born with <i>guttural</i> swellings.</blockquote> <i>W. Guthrie.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>In such a sweet, <i>guttural</i> accent.</blockquote> <i>Landor.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gut"tur*al</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A sound formed in the throat; esp., a sound formed by the aid of the back of the tongue, much retracted, and the soft palate; also, a letter representing such a sound.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gut"tur*al*ism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality of being guttural; as, the <i>gutturalism</i> of A [in the 16th cent.]</def> <i>Earle.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gut"tur*al"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality of being guttural.</def> [R.] "The old <i>gutturality</i> of k." <i>Earle.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gut"tur*al*ize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To speak gutturally; to give a guttural sound to.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gut"tur*al*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a guttural manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gut"tur*al*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality of being guttural.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gut"tur*ine</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>guttur</i> throat.] <def>Pertaining to the throat.</def> [Obs.] "Gutturine tumor." <i>Ray.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gut"tur*ize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [L. <i>guttur</i> throat.] <def>To make in the throat; to gutturalize.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>For which the Germans gutturize a sound.</blockquote> <i>Coleridge.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gut"tur*o-</hw> (?). <def>A combining form denoting relation to the throat; as, <i>gutturo</i>-nasal, having both a guttural and a nasal character; <i>gutturo</i>-palatal.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gut"ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>gutta</i> drop: cf. F. <i>goutt&eacute;</i>. Cf. <u>Guttated</u>.] <i>(Her.)</i> <def>Charged or sprinkled with drops.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gut"wort`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A plant, <i>Globularia Alypum</i>, a violent purgative, found in Africa.</def></p>

<p><hw>Guy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Sp. <i>guia</i> guide, a guy or small rope used on board of ships to keep weighty things in their places; of Teutonic origin, and the same word as E. <i>guide</i>. See <u>Guide</u>, and cf. <u>Gye</u>.] <def>A rope, chain, or rod attached to anything to steady it; as: a rope to steady or guide an object which is being hoisted or lowered; a rope which holds in place the end of a boom, spar, or yard in a ship; a chain or wire rope connecting a suspension bridge with the land on either side to prevent lateral swaying; a rod or rope attached to the top of a structure, as of a derrick, and extending obliquely to the ground, where it is fastened.</def></p>

<p><hw>Guy</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Guyed</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Guying</u>.] <def>To steady or guide with a guy.</def></p>

<p><hw>Guy</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A grotesque effigy, like that of <i>Guy</i> Fawkes, dressed up in England on the fifth of November, the day of the Gunpowder Plot.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The lady . . . who dresses like a <i>guy</i>.</blockquote> <i>W. S. Gilbert.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A person of queer looks or dress.</def> <i>Dickens.</i></p>

<p><hw>Guy</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To fool; to baffle; to make (a person) an object of ridicule.</def> [Local & Collog U.S.]</p>

<p><hw>Guyle</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To guile.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><! p. 660 pr=JMD !></p>

<p><hw>Guze</hw> (g&umacr;z), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. <u>Gules</u>.] <i>(Her.)</i> <def>A roundlet of tincture <i>sanguine</i>, which is blazoned without mention of the tincture.</def></p>

<p><hw>Guz"zle</hw> (g&ubreve;"z'l), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Guzzled</u> (-z'ld); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Guzzling</u> (-zl&ibreve;ng).] [OP. <i>gosillier</i>, prob. orig., to pass through the throat; akin to F. <i>gosier</i> throat; cf. It. <i>gozzo</i> a bird's crop.] <def>To swallow liquor greedily; to drink much or frequently.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Those that came to <i>guzzle</i> in his wine cellar.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Well-seasoned bowls the gossip's spirits raise,<BR> Who, while she <i>guzzles</i>, chats the doctor's praise.</blockquote> <i>Roscommon.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>To fat the <i>guzzling</i> hogs with floods of whey.</blockquote> <i>Gay.</i></p>

<p><hw>Guz"zle</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To swallow much or often; to swallow with immoderate gust; to drink greedily or continually; as, one who <i>guzzles</i> beer.</def> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Guz"zle</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>An insatiable thing or person.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>That sink of filth, that <i>guzzle</i> most impure.</blockquote> <i>Marston.</i></p>

<p><hw>Guz"zler</hw> (-zl&etilde;r), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>An immoderate drinker.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gwin"i*ad</hw> (gw&ibreve;n"&ibreve;*&abreve;d), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [W. <i>gwyniad</i> a whiting, the name of various fishes, fr. <i>gwyn</i> white.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A fish (<i>Coregonus ferus</i>) of North Wales and Northern Europe, allied to the lake whitefish; — called also <i>powan</i>, and <i>schelly</i>.</def> [Written also <i>gwyniad</i>, <i>guiniad</i>, <i>gurniad</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Gy"all</hw> (g&imacr;"&add;l), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>See <u>Gayal</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gyb</hw> (j&ibreve;b), <hw>Gybe</hw> (j&imacr;b), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>See <u>Jib</u>.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Gybe</hw> (j&imacr;b), <pos><i>n. & v.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Gibe</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gybe</hw>, <pos><i>v. t. & i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Gybed</u> (j&imacr;bd); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Gybing</u>.] [See <u>Jibe</u>.] <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>To shift from one side of a vessel to the other; — said of the boom of a fore-and-aft sail when the vessel is steered off the wind until the sail fills on the opposite side.</def> [Also <i>jibe</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Gye</hw> (g&imacr; or g&emacr;), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [OF. <i>guier</i>; of German origin. See <u>Guide</u>, and cf. <u>Guy</u>.] <def>To guide; to govern.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Discreet enough his country for to <i>gye</i>.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gyle</hw> (g&imacr;l), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>guiller</i> to ferment. Cf. <u>Guillevat</u>.] <def>Fermented wort used for making vinegar.</def></p>

<p><col>Gyle tan</col> <i>(Brewing)</i>, <cd>a large vat in which wort ferments.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Gym"nal</hw> (g&ibreve;m"n<i>a</i>l), <pos><i>a. & n.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Gimmal</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gym*na"si*arch</hw> (j&ibreve;m*n&amacr;"z&ibreve;*&auml;rk), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>gymnasiarchus</i>, Gr. <grk>gymnasi`archos</grk>; <grk>gymna`sion</grk> + <grk>'a`rchein</grk> to govern: cf. F. <i>gymnasiarque</i>.] <i>(Gr. Antiq.)</i> <def>An Athenian officer who superintended the gymnasia, and provided the oil and other necessaries at his own expense.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gym*na"si*um</hw> (-z&ibreve;*&ubreve;m or - zh&ibreve;*&ubreve;m; 277) <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> E. <plw><b>Gymnasiums</b></plw> (-&ubreve;mz), L. <plw><b>Gymnasia</b></plw> (-&adot;). [L., fr. Gr. <grk>gymna`sion</grk>, fr. <grk>gymna`zein</grk> to exercise (naked), fr. <grk>gymno`s</grk> naked.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A place or building where athletic exercises are performed; a school for gymnastics.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A school for the higher branches of literature and science; a preparatory school for the university; — used esp. of German schools of this kind.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>More like ordinary schools of <i>gymnasia</i> than universities.</blockquote> <i>Hallam.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gym"nast</hw> (j&ibreve;m"n&adot;st), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>gymnasth`s</grk> a trainer of athletes: cf. F. <i>gymnaste</i>. See <u>Gymnasium</u>.] <def>One who teaches or practices gymnastic exercises; the manager of a gymnasium; an athlete.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Gym*nas"tic</hw> (j&ibreve;m*n&abreve;s"t&ibreve;k), <hw>Gym*nas"tic*al</hw> (-t&ibreve;*k<i>a</i>l), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>gymnasticus</i>, Gr. <grk>gymnastiko`s</grk>: cf. F. <i>gymnastique</i>. See <u>Gymnasium</u>.] <def>Pertaining to athletic exercises intended for health, defense, or diversion; — said of games or exercises, as running, leaping, wrestling, throwing the discus, the javelin, etc.; also, pertaining to disciplinary exercises for the intellect; athletic; as, <i>gymnastic</i> exercises, contests, etc.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gym*nas"tic</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A gymnast.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Gym*nas"tic*al*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a gymnastic manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gym*nas"tics</hw> (-t&ibreve;ks), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Athletic or disciplinary exercises; the art of performing gymnastic exercises; also, disciplinary exercises for the intellect or character.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Gym"nic</hw> (j&ibreve;m"n&ibreve;k), <hw>Gym"nic*al</hw> (- n&ibreve;*k<i>a</i>l), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>gymnicus</i>, Gr. <grk>gymniko`s</grk>: cf. F. <i>gymnique</i>. See <u>Gymmasium</u>.] <def>Athletic; gymnastic.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Have they not swordplayers, and every sort<BR> Of <i>gymnic</i> artists, wrestlers, riders, runners?</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gym"nic</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Athletic exercise.</def> [Obs.] <i>Burton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gym"nite</hw> (-n&imacr;t), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>gymno`s</grk> naked. So called as coming from the Bare Hills, Maryland.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>A hydrous silicate of magnesia.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Gym`no*blas"te*a</hw> (j&ibreve;m`n&osl;*bl&abreve;s"t&esl;*&adot;), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL. fr. Gr. <grk>gymno`s</grk> naked + <grk>blasta`nein</grk> to sprout.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The Athecata; — so called because the medusoid buds are not inclosed in a capsule.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gym`no*blas"tic</hw> (-t&ibreve;k), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to the Gymnoblastea.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gym`no*car"pous</hw> (-k&auml;r"p&ubreve;s), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>gymno`s</grk> naked + <grk>karpo`s</grk> fruit.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Naked-fruited, the fruit either smooth or not adherent to the perianth.</def> <i>Gray.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Gym*noch"ro*a</hw> (j&ibreve;m*n&obreve;k"r&osl;*&adot;), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. <grk>gymno`s</grk> naked + <grk>chro`a</grk> skin, body.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A division of Hydroidea including the hydra. See <u>Hydra</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Gym*noc"la*dus</hw> (j&ibreve;m*n&obreve;"l&adot;*d&ubreve;s), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. <grk>gymno`s</grk> naked + <grk>kla`dos</grk> a branch.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A genus of leguminous plants; the Kentucky coffee tree. The leaves are cathartic, and the seeds a substitute for coffee.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Gym`no*co"pa</hw> (j&ibreve;m`n&osl;*k&omacr;"p&adot;), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. <grk>gymno`s</grk> naked + <grk>kw`ph</grk> an oar.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A group of transparent, free-swimming Annelida, having set&aelig; only in the cephalic appendages.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gym"no*cyte</hw> (j&ibreve;m"n&osl;*s&imacr;t), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>gymno`s</grk> naked + <grk>ky`tos</grk> a hollow vessel.] <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>A cytode without a proper cell wall, but with a nucleus.</def> <i>Haeckel.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gym`no*cy"tode</hw> (j&ibreve;m`n&osl;*s&imacr;"t&omacr;d), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>gymno`s</grk> naked + E. <i>cytode</i>.] <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>A cytode without either a cell wall or a nucleus.</def> <i>Haeckel.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gym"no*dont</hw> (j&ibreve;m"n&osl;*d&obreve;nt), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>gymno`s</grk> naked + <grk>'odoy`s</grk>, <grk>'odo`ntos</grk>, tooth.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of a group of plectognath fishes (<i>Gymnodontes</i>), having the teeth and jaws consolidated into one or two bony plates, on each jaw, as the diodonts and tetradonts. See <u>Bur fish</u>, <u>Globefish</u>, <u>Diodon</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gym"no*gen</hw> (-j&ebreve;n), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>gymno`s</grk> naked + <i>-gen</i>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>One of a class of plants, so called by Lindley, because the ovules are fertilized by direct contact of the pollen. Same as <u>Gymnosperm</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Gym`no*glos"sa</hw> (-gl&obreve;s"s&adot;), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. <grk>gymno`s</grk> naked + <grk>glw^ssa</grk> tongue.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A division of gastropods in which the odontophore is without teeth.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>||Gym`no*l&aelig;"ma</hw> (-l&emacr;"m&adot;), <hw>||Gym`no*l&aelig;"ma*ta</hw> (-m&adot;*t&adot;), } <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. <grk>gymno`s</grk> naked + <grk>laimo`s</grk> the throat.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>An order of Bryozoa, having no epistome.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Gym`no*no"ti</hw> (-n&omacr;"t&imacr;), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL. fr. Gr. <grk>gymno`s</grk> naked + <grk>nw^tos</grk> the back.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The order of fishes which includes the Gymnotus or electrical eel. The dorsal fin is wanting.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gym`no*p&aelig;d"ic</hw> (-p&ebreve;d"&ibreve;k or - p&emacr;"d&ibreve;k), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>gymno`s</grk> naked + <grk>pai^s</grk>, <grk>paido`s</grk>, a child.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Having young that are naked when hatched; psilop&aelig;dic; — said of certain birds.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Gym`no*phi"o*na</hw> (-f&imacr;"&osl;*n&adot;), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. <grk>gymno`s</grk> naked + <grk>'ofio`neos</grk> serpentlike.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>An order of Amphibia, having a long, annulated, snakelike body. See <u>Ophiomorpha</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Gym`noph*thal"ma*ta</hw> (- n&obreve;f*th&abreve;l"m&adot;*t&adot;), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. <grk>gymno`s</grk> naked + <grk>'ofqalmo`s</grk> the eye.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A group of acalephs, including the naked-eyed medus&aelig;; the hydromedus&aelig;. Most of them are known to be the free-swimming progeny (gonophores) of hydroids.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gym"no*plast</hw> (j&ibreve;m"n&osl;*pl&abreve;st), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>gymno`s</grk> naked + <grk>pla`ssein</grk> to shape, mold.] <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>A cell or mass of protoplasm devoid of an envelope, as a white blood corpuscle.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gym'no*rhi"nal</hw> (-r&imacr;"n<i>a</i>l), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>gymno`s</grk> naked + <grk>"ri`s</grk>, <grk>"rino`s</grk>, the nose.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Having unfeathered nostrils, as certain birds.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Gym`no*so"ma*ta</hw> (-s&omacr;"m&adot;*t&adot; or - s&obreve;m"&adot;*t&adot;), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. <grk>gymno`s</grk> naked + <grk>sw^ma</grk>, <grk>sw`matos</grk>, the body.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of the orders of Pteropoda. They have no shell.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gym*nos"o*phist</hw> (j&ibreve;m*n&obreve;s"&osl;*f&ibreve;st), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>gymnosofisth`s</grk>; <grk>gymno`s</grk> naked + <grk>sofisth`s</grk> philosopher; cf. F. <i>gymnosophiste</i>.] <def>One of a sect of philosophers, said to have been found in India by Alexander the Great, who went almost naked, denied themselves the use of flesh, renounced bodily pleasures, and employed themselves in the contemplation of nature.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gym*nos"o*phy</hw> (-f&ybreve;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The doctrines of the Gymnosophists.</def> <i>Good.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gym"no*sperm</hw> (j&ibreve;m"n&osl;*sp&etilde;rm), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A plant that bears naked seeds (<i>i. e.</i>, seeds not inclosed in an ovary), as the common pine and hemlock. Cf. <u>Angiosperm</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gym`no*sper"mous</hw> (-sp&etilde;r"m&ubreve;s), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>gymno`spermos</grk>; <grk>gymno`s</grk> naked + <grk>spe`rma</grk> seed: cf. F. <i>gymnosperme</i>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>Having naked seeds, or seeds not inclosed in a capsule or other vessel.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>Belonging to the class of plants consisting of gymnosperms.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Gym*not"o*ka</hw> (j&ibreve;m*n&obreve;t"&osl;*k&adot;), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. <grk>gymno`s</grk> naked + <grk>to`kos</grk> a bringing forth.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The Athecata.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Gym*no"tus</hw> (j&ibreve;m*n&omacr;"t&ubreve;s), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. <grk>gymno`s</grk> naked + <grk>nw^tos</grk> the back: cf. F. <i>gymnote</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A genus of South American fresh-water fishes, including the <i>Gymnotus electricus</i>, or electric eel. It has a greenish, eel-like body, and is possessed of electric power.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>One fearful shock, fearful but momentary, like that from the electric blow of the <i>gymnotus</i>.</blockquote> <i>De Quincey.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gyn</hw> (g&ibreve;n), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To begin. [Obs.] See <u>Gin</u>.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>||Gyn`&aelig;*ce"um</hw> (j&ibreve;n`&esl;*s&emacr;"&ubreve;m), <hw>||Gyn`&aelig;*ci"um</hw> (j&ibreve;n`&esl;*s&imacr;"&ubreve;m), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., fr. Gr. <grk>gynaikei^on</grk> women's apartments, fr. <grk>gynh`</grk> a woman.] <def>That part of a large house, among the ancients, exclusively appropriated to women.</def> [Written also <i>gyneceum</i>, <i>gynecium</i>.] <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gy*n&aelig;"cian</hw> (j&ibreve;*n&emacr;"sh<i>a</i>n), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>The same as <u>Gynecian</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gy*n&aelig;"co*phore</hw> (j&ibreve;*n&emacr;"k&osl;*f&omacr;r), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>gynaikei^on</grk> the women's apartments + <grk>fe`rein</grk> to bear.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A ventral canal or groove, in which the males of some di&oelig;cious trematodes carry the female. See <i>Illust.</i> of <u>H&aelig;matozoa</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gy*nan"der</hw> (j&ibreve;*n&abreve;n"d&etilde;r), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Gynandrian</u>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A plant having the stamens inserted in the pistil.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Gy*nan"dri*a</hw> (-dr&ibreve;*&adot;), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Gynandrian</u>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A class of plants in the Linn&aelig;an system, whose stamens grow out of, or are united with, the pistil.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Gy*nan"dri*an</hw> (-<i>a</i>n), <hw>Gy*nan"drous</hw> (- dr&ubreve;s), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>gy`nandros</grk> of doubtful sex; <grk>gynh`</grk> a woman + <grk>'anh`r</grk>, <grk>'andro`s</grk>, man: cf. F. <i>gynandre</i>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Having stamens inserted in the pistil; belonging to the class <i>Gynandria</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gy*nan"dro*morph</hw> (-dr&osl;*m&ocirc;rf), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>An animal affected with gynandromorphism.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gy*nan`dro*mor"phism</hw> (- m&ocirc;r"f&ibreve;z'm),<pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>gynh`</grk> a woman, female + <grk>'anh`r</grk>, <grk>'andro`s</grk>, a man, male + <grk>morfh`</grk> form.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>An abnormal condition of certain animals, in which one side has the external characters of the male, and the other those of the female.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gy*nan`dro*mor"phous</hw> (-f&ubreve;s), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Affected with gynandromorphism.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gy*nan"ther*ous</hw> (-th&etilde;r*&ubreve;s), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>gynh`</grk> a woman + E. <i>anther</i>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Pertaining to an abnormal condition of the flower, in which the stamens are converted into pistils.</def> <i>R. Brown.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gyn"ar*chy</hw> (j&ibreve;n"&adot;r*k&ybreve;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>gynh`</grk> a woman + <i>-archy</i>.] <def>Government by a woman.</def> <i>Chesterfield.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Gyn`e*ce"um</hw> (j&ibreve;n`&esl;*s&emacr;"&ubreve;m), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Gyn&aelig;ceum</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gy*ne"cian</hw> (j&ibreve;*n&emacr;"sh<i>a</i>n), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>gynaikei^os</grk>.] <def>Of or relating to women.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gyn`e*coc"ra*cy</hw> (j&ibreve;n`&esl;*k&obreve;k"r&adot;*s&ybreve;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>gynaikokrati`a</grk>; <grk>gynh`</grk>, <grk>gynaiko`s</grk>, a woman + <grk>kratei^n</grk> to rule: cf. F. <i>gyn&eacute;cocratie</i>. Cf. <u>Gynocracy</u>.] <def>Government by a woman, female power; gyneocracy.</def> <i>Bailey.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gyn`e*co*log"ic*al</hw> (j&ibreve;n`&esl;*k&osl;*l&obreve;j"&ibreve;*k<i>a</i>l or g&imacr;`n&esl;-), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to gynecology.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gyn`e*col"o*gy</hw> (j&ibreve;n`&esl;*k&obreve;l"&osl;*j&ybreve; or g&imacr;`n&esl;-), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>gynh`</grk>, <grk>gynaiko`s</grk>, a woman + <i>-logy</i>.] <def>The science which treats of the structure and diseases of women.</def> — <wf>Gyn`e*col"o*gist</wf>.</p>

<p><hw>Gyn"e*oc`ra*cy</hw> (j&ibreve;n`&esl;*&obreve;k"r&adot;*s&ybreve;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Gynecocracy</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gyn`e*ol"a*try</hw> (-&obreve;l"&adot;*tr&ybreve;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>gynh`</grk> a woman + <grk>latrei`a</grk> worship.] <def>The adoration or worship of woman.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The sentimental <i>gyneolatry</i> of chivalry, which was at best but skin-deep.</blockquote> <i>Lowell.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Gyn`e*pho"bi*a</hw> (-f&omacr;"b&ibreve;*&adot;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. <grk>gynh`</grk> a woman + <grk>fo`bos</grk> fear.] <def>Hatred of women; repugnance to the society of women.</def> <i>Holmes.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gyn"ne</hw> (g&ibreve;n"n<i>e</i>), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To begin. See <u>Gin</u>.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Gyn"o*base</hw> (j&ibreve;n"&osl;*b&amacr;s), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>gynh`</grk> a woman, female + E. <i>base</i>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A dilated base or receptacle, supporting a multilocular ovary.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gyn`o*ba"sic</hw> (-b&amacr;"s&ibreve;k), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Pertaining to, or having, a gynobase.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gy*noc"ra*cy</hw> (j&ibreve;*n&obreve;k"r&adot;*s&ybreve;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Gynecocracy</u>.] <def>Female government; gynecocracy.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The aforesaid state has repeatedly changed from absolute despotism to republicanism, not forgetting the intermediate stages of oligarchy, limited monarchy, and even <i>gynocracy</i>; for I myself remember Alsatia governed for nearly nine months by an old fishwoman.</blockquote> <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gy`no*di*&oelig;"cious</hw> (j&imacr;`n&osl;*d&isl;*&emacr;"sh&ubreve;s), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>gynh`</grk> a woman + E. <i>di&oelig;cious</i>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Di&oelig;cious, but having some hermaphrodite or perfect flowers on an individual plant which bears mostly pistillate flowers.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Gy*n&oelig;"ci*um</hw> (j&ibreve;*n&emacr;"s&ibreve;*&ubreve;m or -sh&ibreve;*&ubreve;m), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. <grk>gynh`</grk> a woman + <grk>oi^kos</grk> house.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The pistils of a flower, taken collectively. See <i>Illust.</i> of <u>Carpophore</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gyn"o*phore</hw> (j&ibreve;n"&osl;*f&omacr;r), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>gynh`</grk> woman, female + <grk>fe`rein</grk> to bear, produce: cf. F. <i>gynophore</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The pedicel raising the pistil or ovary above the stamens, as in the passion flower.</def> <i>Lindley.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of the branches bearing the female gonophores, in certain Siphonophora.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gyp</hw> (j&ibreve;p), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Said to be a sportive application of Gr. <grk>gy`ps</grk> a vulture.] <def>A college servant; — so called in Cambridge, England; at Oxford called a <i>scout</i>.</def> [Cant]</p>

<p><hw>Gypse</hw> (j&ibreve;ps), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F.] <def>See <u>Gypsum</u>.</def> [Obs.] <i>Pococke.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gyp"se*ous</hw> (j&ibreve;p"s&esl;*&ubreve;s), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>gypseus</i>. See <u>Gypsum</u>.] <def>Resembling or containing gypsum; partaking of the qualities of gypsum.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gyp"sey</hw> (-s&ybreve;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A gypsy. See <u>Gypsy</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gyp*sif"er*ous</hw> (j&ibreve;p*s&ibreve;f"&etilde;r*&ubreve;s), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Gypsum</i> + <i>-ferous</i>: cf. F. <i>gypsif&egrave;re</i>.] <def>Containing gypsum.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gyp"sine</hw> (j&ibreve;p"s&ibreve;n), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Gypseous.</def> [R.] <i>Chambers.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gyp*sog"ra*phy</hw> (j&ibreve;p*s&obreve;g"r&adot;*f&ybreve;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Gypsum</i> + <i>-graphy</i>.] <def>The act or art of engraving on gypsum.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gyp"so*plast</hw> (j&ibreve;p"s&osl;*pl&abreve;st), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Gypsum</i> + Gr. <grk>pla`ssein</grk> to mold.] <def>A cast taken in plaster of Paris, or in white lime.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gyp"sum</hw> (j&ibreve;p"s&ubreve;m), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>gypsum</i>, Gr. <grk>gy`psos</grk>; cf. Ar. <i>jibs</i> plaster, mortar, Per. <i>jabs&imacr;n</i> lime.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>A mineral consisting of the hydrous sulphate of lime (calcium). When calcined, stype forms plaster of Paris. <i>Selenite</i> is a transparent, crystalline variety; <i>alabaster</i>, a fine, white, massive variety.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gyp"sy</hw> (j&ibreve;p"s&ybreve;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Gypsies</b></plw> (-s&ibreve;z). [OE. <i>Gypcyan</i>, F. <i>&eacute;gyptien</i> Egyptian, gypsy, L. <i>Aegyptius</i>. See <u>Egyptian</u>.] [Also spelled <i>gipsy</i> and <i>gypsey</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One of a vagabond race, whose tribes, coming originally from India, entered Europe in the 14th or 15th century, and are now scattered over Turkey, Russia, Hungary, Spain, England, etc., living by theft, fortune telling, horsejockeying, tinkering, etc. Cf. <u>Bohemian</u>, <u>Romany</u>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Like a right <i>gypsy</i>, hath, at fast and loose,<BR> Beguiled me to the very heart of loss.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The language used by the gypsies.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A dark-complexioned person.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>A cunning or crafty person</def> [Colloq.] <i>Prior.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gyp"sy</hw> <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pertaining to, or suitable for, gypsies.</def></p>

<p><col>Gypsy hat</col>, <cd>a woman's or child's broad-brimmed hat, usually of straw or felt.</cd> — <col>Gypsy winch</col>, <cd>a small winch, which may be operated by a crank, or by a ratchet and pawl through a lever working up and down.</cd></p>

<p><! p. 661 pr=JMD !></p>

<p><hw>Gyp"sy</hw> (j&ibreve;p"s&ybreve;), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To play the gypsy; to picnic in the woods.</def> Mostly, <wf>Gyp"sy*ing</wf>, <pos><i>vb. n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Gyp"sy*ism</hw> (j&ibreve;p"s&ibreve;*&ibreve;z'm), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The arts and practices or habits of gypsies; deception; cheating; flattery.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The state of a gypsy.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gyp"sy*wort`</hw> (-w&ucirc;rt`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A labiate plant (the <i>Lycopus Europ&aelig;us</i>). Gypsies are said to stain their skin with its juice.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Gyr`a*can"thus</hw> (j&ibreve;r`&adot;*k&abreve;n"th&ubreve;s), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. <grk>gyro`s</grk> round + <grk>'a`kanqa</grk> spine.] <i>(Paleon.)</i> <def>A genus of fossil fishes, found in Devonian and carboniferous strata; — so named from their round, sculptured spines.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gy"ral</hw> (j&imacr;"r<i>a</i>l), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See <u>Gyre</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Moving in a circular path or way; whirling; gyratory.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Pertaining to a gyrus, or convolution.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gy"rant</hw> (-r<i>a</i>nt), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Gyrating.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Gy"rate</hw> (-r&asl;t), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>gyratus</i> made in a circular form, p. p. of <i>gyrare</i>.] <def>Winding or coiled round; curved into a circle; taking a circular course.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gy"rate</hw> (-r&amacr;t), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Gyrated</u> (-r&asl;*t&ebreve;d); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Gyrating</u>.] [L. <i>gyratus</i>, p. p. of <i>gyrare</i> to gyrate. See <u>Gyre</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <def>To revolve round a central point; to move spirally about an axis, as a tornado; to revolve.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gy*ra"tion</hw> (j&isl;*r&amacr;"sh&ubreve;n), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of turning or whirling, as around a fixed center; a circular or spiral motion; motion about an axis; rotation; revolution.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>gyrations</i> of an ascending balloon.</blockquote> <i>De Quincey.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>If a burning coal be nimbly moved round in a circle, with <i>gyrations</i> continually repeated, the whole circle will appear like fire.</blockquote> <i>Sir I. Newton. </i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of the whorls of a spiral univalve shell.</def></p>

<p><col>Center of gyration</col>. <i>(Mech.)</i> <cd>See under <u>Center</u>.</cd> — <col>Radius of gyration</col>, <cd>the distance between the axis of a rotating body and its center of gyration.</cd> <i>Rankine.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gy"ra*to*ry</hw> (j&imacr;"r&adot;*t&osl;*r&ybreve;), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Moving in a circle, or spirally; revolving; whirling around.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gyre</hw> (j&imacr;r), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>gyrus</i>, Gr. <grk>gy^ros</grk>, cf. <grk>gyro`s</grk> round.] <def>A circular motion, or a circle described by a moving body; a turn or revolution; a circuit.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Quick and more quick he spins in giddy <i>gyres</i>.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Still expanding and ascending <i>gyres</i>.</blockquote> <i>Mrs. Browning. </i></p>

<p><hw>Gyre</hw>, <pos><i>v. t. & i.</i></pos> [Cf. OF. <i>gyrer</i>, <i>girer</i>. See <u>Gyrate</u>.] <def>To turn round; to gyrate.</def> [Obs.] <i>Bp. Hall. Drayton. </i></p>

<p><hw>Gyre"ful</hw> (-f&usdot;l), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Abounding in gyres.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>||Gyr`en*ceph"a*la</hw> (j&ibreve;r`&ebreve;n*s&ebreve;f"&adot;*l&adot;), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL. fr. Gr. <grk>gyro`s</grk> round + <grk>'egke`falos</grk> the brain.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The higher orders of Mammalia, in which the cerebrum is convoluted.</def> — <wf>Gyr`en*ceph"a*lous</wf> (-l&ubreve;s), <pos><i>a.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Gyr"fal`con</hw> (j&etilde;r"f&add;`k'n), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>gerfaucon</i>, OF. <i>gerfaucon</i>, LL. <i>gyrofalco</i>, perh. fr. L. <i>gyrus</i> circle + <i>falco</i> falcon, and named from its circling flight; or cf. E. <i>gier</i>-eagle. See <u>Gyre</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, <u>Falcon</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of several species and varieties of large Arctic falcons, esp. <i>Falco rusticolus</i> and the white species <i>F. Islandicus</i>, both of which are circumpolar. The black and the gray are varieties of the former. See <i>Illust.</i> of <u>Accipiter</u>.</def> [Written also <i>gerfalcon</i>, <i>gierfalcon</i>, and <i>jerfalcon</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>||Gy"ri</hw> (j&imacr;"r&imacr;), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Gyrus</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gyr"land</hw> (g&etilde;r"l<i>a</i>nd), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [See <u>Garland</u>.] <def>To garland.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Their hair loose and flowing, <i>gyrlanded</i> with sea grass.</blockquote> <i>B. Jonson.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Gyr"o*dus</hw> (j&ibreve;r"&osl;*d&ubreve;s), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. <grk>gyro`s</grk> round + <grk>'odoy`s</grk> tooth.] <i>(Paleon.)</i> <def>A genus of extinct o&ouml;litic fishes, having rounded teeth in several rows adapted for crushing.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gy*rog"o*nite</hw> (j&ibreve;*r&obreve;g"&osl;*n&imacr;t), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>gy^ros</grk> circle, ring + <grk>go`nos</grk> fruit.] <i>(Paleon.)</i> <def>The petrified fruit of the <i>Chara hispida</i>, a species of stonewort. See <u>Stonewort</u>.</def> <i>Lyell.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gy*roid"al</hw> (j&isl;*roid"<i>a</i>l), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>gy^ros</grk> circle + <i>-oid</i> + <i>-al</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Spiral in arrangement or action.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Crystallog.)</i> <def>Having the planes arranged spirally, so that they incline all to the right (or left) of a vertical line; — said of certain hemihedral forms.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Opt.)</i> <def>Turning the plane of polarization circularly or spirally to the right or left.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Gy*rol"e*pis</hw> (j&ibreve;*r&obreve;l"&esl;*p&ibreve;s), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. <grk>gyro`s</grk> round + <grk>lepi`s</grk> scale.] <i>(Paleon.)</i> <def>A genus of ganoid fishes, found in strata of the new red sandstone, and the lias bone beds.</def> <i>Agassiz.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Gy*ro"ma</hw> (j&isl;*r&omacr;"m&adot;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. <grk>gyroy^n</grk> to round, bend, fr. <grk>gyro`s</grk> round.] <def>A turning round.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Gyr"o*man`cy</hw> (j&ibreve;r"&osl;*m&abreve;n`s&ybreve; or j&imacr;"r&osl;-), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>gy^ros</grk> ring, circle + <i>-mancy</i>: cf. F. <i>gyromancie</i>.] <def>A kind of divination performed by drawing a ring or circle, and walking in or around it.</def> <i>Brande & C.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gy"ron</hw> (j&imacr;"r&obreve;n), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>giron</i>; of German origin. See <u>Gore</u> a piece of cloth.] <i>(Her.)</i> <def>A subordinary of triangular form having one of its angles at the fess point and the opposite side at the edge of the escutcheon. When there is only one gyron on the shield it is bounded by two lines drawn from the fess point, one horizontally to the dexter side, and one to the dexter chief corner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gy"ron*ny</hw> (j&imacr;"r&obreve;n*n&ybreve;), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [F. <i>gironn&eacute;</i>.] <i>(Her.)</i> <def>Covered with gyrons, or divided so as to form several gyrons; — said of an escutcheon.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gy"ro-pi`geon</hw> (j&imacr;"r&osl;*p&ibreve;j`&ubreve;n), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>gyrare</i> to revolve + E. <i>pigeon</i>.] <def>A flying object simulating a pigeon in flight, when projected from a spring trap. It is used as a flying target in shooting matches.</def> <i>Knight.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gy"ro*scope</hw> (j&imacr;"r&osl;*sk&omacr;p), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>gy^ros</grk> ring, circle + <i>- scope</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A rotating wheel, mounted in a ring or rings, for illustrating the dynamics of rotating bodies, the composition of rotations, etc. It was devised by Professor W. R. Johnson, in 1832, by whom it was called the <i>rotascope</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A form of the above apparatus, invented by M. Foucault, mounted so delicately as to render visible the rotation of the earth, through the tendency of the rotating wheel to preserve a constant plane of rotation, independently of the earth's motion.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gy`ro*scop"ic</hw> (-sk&obreve;p"&ibreve;k), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pertaining to the gyroscope; resembling the motion of the gyroscope.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gy*rose"</hw> (j&isl;*r&omacr;s" or j&imacr;"r&omacr;s), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See <u>Gyre</u>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Turned round like a crook, or bent to and fro.</def> <i>Loudon.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gy"ro*stat</hw> (j&imacr;"r&osl;*st&abreve;t), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>gy^ros</grk> ring, circle + <grk>"ista`nai</grk> to cause to stand.] <i>(Physics)</i> <def>A modification of the gyroscope, consisting essentially of a fly wheel fixed inside a rigid case to which is attached a thin flange of metal for supporting the instrument. It is used in studying the dynamics of rotating bodies.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gy`ro*stat"ic</hw> (-st&abreve;t"&ibreve;k), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Physics)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to the gyrostat or to gyrostatics.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gy`ro*stat"ics</hw> (-&ibreve;ks), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Physics)</i> <def>The doctrine or theory of the gyrostat, or of the phenomena of rotating bodies.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Gy"rus</hw> (j&imacr;"r&ubreve;s), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Gyri</b></plw> (-r&imacr;). [L. See <u>Gyre</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <def>A convoluted ridge between grooves; a convolution; as, the <i>gyri</i> of the brain; the <i>gyri</i> of brain coral. See <u>Brain</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Gyse</hw> (g&imacr;z), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Guise.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gyte</hw> (g&imacr;t), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Delirious; senselessly extravagant; as, the man is clean <i>gyte</i>.</def> [Scot.] <i>Sir W. Scott. </i></p>

<p><hw>Gyve</hw> (j&imacr;v), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Of Celtic origin; cf. W. <i>gefyn</i>, Ir. <i>geibhionn</i>, Gael. <i>geimheal</i>.] <def>A shackle; especially, one to confine the legs; a fetter.</def> [Written also <i>give</i>.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Like a poor prisoner in his twisted <i>gyves</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>With <i>gyves</i> upon his wrist.</blockquote> <i>Hood.</i></p>

<p><hw>Gyve</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Gyved</u> (j&imacr;vd); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Gyving</u>.] <def>To fetter; to shackle; to chain.</def> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>I will <i>gyve</i> thee in thine own courtship.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><point26>H.</point26></p>

<p><hw>H</hw> (&amacr;ch), <def>the eighth letter of the English alphabet, is classed among the consonants, and is formed with the mouth organs in the same position as that of the succeeding vowel. It is used with certain consonants to form digraphs representing sounds which are not found in the alphabet, as <i>sh</i>, <i>th</i>, <i>&thlig;</i>, as in <i>shall</i>, <i>thing</i>, <i>&thlig;ine</i> (for <i>zh</i> see &sect;274); also, to modify the sounds of some other letters, as when placed after c and p, with the former of which it represents a compound sound like that of <i>tsh</i>, as in <i>charm</i> (written also <i>tch</i> as in <i>catch</i>), with the latter, the sound of <i>f</i>, as in <i>phase</i>, <i>phantom</i>. In some words, mostly derived or introduced from foreign languages, <i>h</i> following <i>c</i> and <i>g</i> indicates that those consonants have the hard sound before <i>e</i>, <i>i</i>, and <i>y</i>, as in <i>chemistry</i>, <i>chiromancy</i>, <i>chyle</i>, <i>Ghent</i>, <i>Ghibelline</i>, etc.; in some others, <i>ch</i> has the sound of <i>sh</i>, as in <i>chicane</i>. See <i>Guide to Pronunciation</i>, &sect;&sect; 153, 179, 181-3, 237-8.</def></p>

<p> The name (aitch) is from the French <i>ache</i>; its form is from the Latin, and this from the Greek H, which was used as the sign of the spiritus asper (rough breathing) before it came to represent the long vowel, Gr. &eta;. The Greek H is from Ph&oelig;nician, the ultimate origin probably being Egyptian. Etymologically H is most closely related to <i>c</i>; as in E. <i>h</i>orn, L. <i>c</i>ornu, Gr. <grk>ke`ras</grk>; E. <i>h</i>ele, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>, con<i>c</i>eal; E. <i>h</i>ide, L. <i>c</i>utis, Gr. <grk>ky`tos</grk>; E. <i>h</i>undred, L. <i>c</i>entum, Gr. <grk>"e- kat-on</grk>, Skr. <i>&csdot;</i>ata.</p>

<p><col>H piece</col> <i>(Mining)</i>, <cd>the part of a plunger pump which contains the valve.</cd></p>

<p><hw>H</hw> (h&auml;). <i>(Mus.)</i> <def>The seventh degree in the diatonic scale, being used by the Germans for B natural. See <u>B</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ha</hw> (h&auml;), <pos><i>interj.</i></pos> [AS.] <def>An exclamation denoting surprise, joy, or grief. Both as uttered and as written, it expresses a great variety of emotions, determined by the tone or the context. When repeated, <i>ha, ha</i>, it is an expression of laughter, satisfaction, or triumph, sometimes of derisive laughter; or sometimes it is equivalent to "Well, it is so."</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Ha-has</i>, and inarticulate hootings of satirical rebuke.</blockquote> <i>Carlyle.</i></p>

<p><hw>Haaf</hw> (h&auml;f), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Of Scand. origin; cf. Icel. & Sw. <i>haf</i> the sea, Dan. <i>hav</i>, perh. akin to E. <i>haven</i>.] <def>The deepsea fishing for cod, ling, and tusk, off the Shetland Isles.</def></p>

<p><hw>Haak</hw> (h&amacr;k), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A sea fish. See <u>Hake</u>.</def> <i>Ash.</i></p>

<p><hw>Haar</hw> (h&auml;r), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Hoar</u>.] <def>A fog; esp., a fog or mist with a chill wind.</def> [Scot.] <i>T. Chalmers.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Ha"be*as cor"pus</hw> (h&amacr;"b&esl;*&abreve;s k&ocirc;r"p&ubreve;s). [L. you may have the body.] <i>(Law)</i> <def>A writ having for its object to bring a party before a court or judge; especially, one to inquire into the cause of a person's imprisonment or detention by another, with the view to protect the right to personal liberty; also, one to bring a prisoner into court to testify in a pending trial.</def> <i>Bouvier.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Ha*ben"dum</hw> (h&adot;*b&ebreve;n"d&ubreve;m), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., that must be had.] <i>(Law)</i> <def>That part of a deed which follows the part called the <i>premises</i>, and determines the extent of the interest or estate granted; — so called because it begins with the word <i>Habendum</i>.</def> <i>Kent.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hab"er*dash</hw> (h&abreve;b"&etilde;r*d&abreve;sh), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [See <u>Haberdasher</u>.] <def>To deal in small wares.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>To <i>haberdash</i> in earth's base ware.</blockquote> <i>Quarles.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hab"er*dash`er</hw> (-d&abreve;sh`&etilde;r), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Prob. fr. Icel. <i>hapurtask</i> trumpery, trifles, perh. through French. It is possibly akin to E. <i>haversack</i>, and to Icel. <i>taska</i> trunk, chest, pocket, G. <i>tasche</i> pocket, and the orig. sense was perh., peddler's wares.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A dealer in small wares, as tapes, pins, needles, and thread; also, a hatter.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>haberdasher</i> heapeth wealth by hats.</blockquote> <i>Gascoigne.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A dealer in drapery goods of various descriptions, as laces, silks, trimmings, etc.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hab"er*dash`er*y</hw> (-&ybreve;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The goods and wares sold by a haberdasher; also (Fig.), trifles.</def> <i>Burke.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hab`er*dine"</hw> (h&abreve;b`&etilde;r*d&emacr;n" or h&abreve;"b&etilde;r*d&ibreve;n), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [D. <i>abberdaan</i>, <i>labberdaan</i>; or a French form, cf. OF. <i>habordeau</i>, from the name of a Basque district, cf. F. <i>Labourd</i>, adj. <i>Labourdin.</i> The <i>l</i> was misunderstood as the French article.] <def>A cod salted and dried.</def> <i>Ainsworth.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ha*ber"ge*on</hw> (h&adot;*b&etilde;r"j&esl;*&obreve;n or h&abreve;b"&etilde;r*j&ubreve;n), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>haubergeon</i> a small hauberk, dim. of OF. <i>hauberc</i>, F. <i>haubert</i>. See <u>Hauberk</u>.] <def>Properly, a short hauberk, but often used loosely for the hauberk.</def> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hab"i*la*to*ry</hw> (h&abreve;b"&ibreve;*l&adot;*t&osl;*r&ybreve;), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to clothing; wearing clothes.</def> <i>Ld. Lytton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hab"ile</hw> (h&abreve;b"&ibreve;l), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [F. <i>habile</i>, L. <i>habilis</i>. See <u>Able</u>, <u>Habit</u>.] <def>Fit; qualified; also, apt.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ha*bil"i*ment</hw> (h&adot;*b&ibreve;l"&ibreve;*m<i>e</i>nt), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>habillement</i>, fr. <i>habiller</i> to dress, clothe, orig., to make fit, make ready, fr. <i>habile</i> apt, skillful, L. <i>habilis</i>. See <u>Habile</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A garment; an article of clothing.</def> <i>Camden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>pl.</i> <def>Dress, in general.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ha*bil"i*ment*ed</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Clothed.</def> <i>Taylor (1630).</i></p>

<p><hw>Ha*bil"i*tate</hw> (-t&asl;t), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [LL. <i>habilitatus</i>, p. p. of <i>habilitare</i> to enable.] <def>Qualified or entitled.</def> [Obs.] <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ha*bil"i*tate</hw> (-t&amacr;t), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To fit out; to equip; to qualify; to entitle.</def> <i>Johnson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ha*bil`i*ta"tion</hw> (-t&amacr;"sh&ubreve;n), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [LL. <i>habilitatio</i>: cf. F. <i>habilitation</i>.] <def>Equipment; qualification.</def> [Obs.] <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ha*bil"i*ty</hw> (h&adot;*b&ibreve;l"&ibreve;*t&ybreve;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Ability</u>.] <def>Ability; aptitude.</def> [Obs.] <i>Robynson (More's Utopia).</i></p>

<p><hw>Hab"it</hw> (h&abreve;b"&ibreve;t) <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>habit</i>, <i>abit</i>, F. <i>habit</i> fr. L. <i>habitus</i> state, appearance, dress, fr. <i>habere</i> to have, be in a condition; prob. akin to E. <i>have.</i> See <u>Have</u>, and cf. <u>Able</u>, <u>Binnacle</u>, <u>Debt</u>, <u>Due</u>, <u>Exhibit</u>, <u>Malady.</u>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The usual condition or state of a person or thing, either natural or acquired, regarded as something had, possessed, and firmly retained; as, a religious <i>habit</i>; his <i>habit</i> is morose; elms have a spreading <i>habit</i>; esp., physical temperament or constitution; as, a full <i>habit</i> of body.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>The general appearance and manner of life of a living organism.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Fixed or established custom; ordinary course of conduct; practice; usage; hence, prominently, the involuntary tendency or aptitude to perform certain actions which is acquired by their frequent repetition; as, <i>habit</i> is second nature; also, peculiar ways of acting; characteristic forms of behavior.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A man of very shy, retired <i>habits</i>.</blockquote> <i>W. Irving.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Outward appearance; attire; dress; hence, a garment; esp., a closely fitting garment or dress worn by ladies; as, a riding <i>habit</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Costly thy <i>habit</i> as thy purse can buy.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>There are, among the statues, several of Venus, in different <i>habits</i>.</blockquote> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Practice; mode; manner; way; custom; fashion. — <u>Habit</u>, <u>Custom</u>. <i>Habit</i> is a disposition or tendency leading us to do easily, naturally, and with growing certainty, what we do often; <i>custom</i> is external, being habitual use or the frequent repetition of the same act. The two operate reciprocally on each other. The <i>custom</i> of giving produces a <i>habit</i> of liberality; <i>habits</i> of devotion promote the <i>custom</i> of going to church. <i>Custom</i> also supposes an act of the will, selecting given modes of procedure; <i>habit</i> is a law of our being, a kind of "second nature" which grows up within us.</p>

<p><blockquote>How use doth breed a <i>habit</i> in a man !</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>He who reigns . . . upheld by old repute,<BR> Consent, or <i>custom</i>.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hab"it</hw> (h&abreve;b"&ibreve;t), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Habited</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Habiting</u>.] [OE. <i>habiten</i> to dwell, F. <i>habiter</i>, fr. L. <i>habitare</i> to have frequently, to dwell, intens. fr. <i>habere</i> to have. See <u>Habit</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To inhabit.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>In thilke places as they [birds] <i>habiten</i>.</blockquote> <i>Rom. of R. </i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To dress; to clothe; to array.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>They <i>habited</i> themselves like those rural deities.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To accustom; to habituate.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chapman.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hab`it*a*bil"i*ty</hw> (- &adot;*b&ibreve;l"&ibreve;*t&ybreve;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Habitableness.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hab"it*a*ble</hw> (h&abreve;b"&ibreve;t*&adot;*b'l), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [F. <u>habitable</u>, L. <i>habitabilis</i>.] <def>Capable of being inhabited; that may be inhabited or dwelt in; as, the <i>habitable</i> world.</def> — <wf>Hab"it*a*ble*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> — <wf>Hab"it*a*bly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><! p. 662 pr=JMD !></p>

<p><hw>Hab"it*a*cle</hw> (h&abreve;b"&ibreve;t*&adot;*k'l), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>habitacle</i> dwelling place, binnacle, L. <i>habitaculum</i> dwelling place. See <u>Binnacle</u>, <u>Habit</u>, <pos><i>v.</i></pos>] <def>A dwelling place.</def> <i>Chaucer.</i> <i>Southey.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ha`bi`tan"</hw> (&adot;`b&esl;`t&auml;&nsc;"), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Habitant</u>, 2.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>General Arnold met an emissary . . . sent . . . to ascertain the feelings of the <i>habitans</i> or French yeomanry.</blockquote> <i>W. Irwing.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hab"it*ance</hw> (h&abreve;b"&ibreve;t*<i>a</i>ns), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>habitance</i>, LL. <i>habitantia</i>.] <def>Dwelling; abode; residence.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hab"it*an*cy</hw> (-<i>a</i>n*s&ybreve;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Inhabitancy</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hab"it*ant</hw> (-<i>a</i>nt), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>habitant</i>. See <u>Habit</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>An inhabitant; a dweller.</def> <i>Milton.</i> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> [F. <i>pron.</i> &adot;`b&esl;`t&auml;&nsc;"] <def>An inhabitant or resident; — a name applied to and denoting farmers of French descent or origin in Canada, especially in the Province of Quebec; — usually in the plural.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>habitants</i> or cultivators of the soil.</blockquote> <i>Parkman.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hab"i*tat</hw> (h&abreve;b"&ibreve;*t&abreve;t), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., it dwells, fr. <i>habitare</i>. See <u>Habit</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>The natural abode, locality or region of an animal or plant.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Place where anything is commonly found.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>This word has its <i>habitat</i> in Oxfordshire.</blockquote> <i>Earle.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hab`i*ta"tion</hw> (-t&amacr;"sh&ubreve;n), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>habitation</i>, L. <i>habitatio</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of inhabiting; state of inhabiting or dwelling, or of being inhabited; occupancy.</def> <i>Denham.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Place of abode; settled dwelling; residence; house.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The Lord . . . blesseth the <i>habitation</i> of the just.</blockquote> <i>Prov. iii. 33.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hab"i*ta`tor</hw> (h&abreve;b"&ibreve;*t&amacr;`t&etilde;r), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L.] <def>A dweller; an inhabitant.</def> [Obs.] <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hab"it*ed</hw> (-&ibreve;t*&ebreve;d), <pos><i>p. p. & a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Clothed; arrayed; dressed; as, he was <i>habited</i> like a shepherd.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Fixed by habit; accustomed.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>So <i>habited</i> he was in sobriety.</blockquote> <i>Fuller.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Inhabited.</def> [Archaic]</p>

<p><blockquote>Another world, which is <i>habited</i> by the ghosts of men and women.</blockquote> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ha*bit"u*al</hw> (h&adot;*b&ibreve;t"&usl;*<i>a</i>l; 135), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>habituel</i>, LL. <i>habitualis</i>. See <u>Habit</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Formed or acquired by habit or use.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>An <i>habitual</i> knowledge of certain rules and maxims.</blockquote> <i>South.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>According to habit; established by habit; customary; constant; as, the <i>habitual</i> practice of sin.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>It is the distinguishing mark of <i>habitual</i> piety to be grateful for the most common and ordinary blessings.</blockquote> <i>Buckminster.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Customary; accustomed; usual; common; wonted; ordinary; regular; familiar.</p>

<p>— <wf>Ha*bit"u*al*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Ha*bit"u*al*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Ha*bit"u*ate</hw> (-&amacr;t), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Habituated</u> (- &amacr;`t&ebreve;d); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Habituating</u> (-&amacr;`t&ibreve;ng).] [L. <i>habituatus</i>, p. p. of <i>habituare</i> to bring into a condition or habit of body: cf. F. <i>habituer</i>. See <u>Habit</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To make accustomed; to accustom; to familiarize.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Our English dogs, who were <i>habituated</i> to a colder clime.</blockquote> <i>Sir K. Digby.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Men are first corrupted . . . and next they <i>habituate</i> themselves to their vicious practices.</blockquote> <i>Tillotson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To settle as an inhabitant.</def> [Obs.] <i>Sir W. Temple.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ha*bit"u*ate</hw> (-&asl;t), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Firmly established by custom; formed by habit; habitual.</def> [R.] <i>Hammond.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ha*bit`u*a"tion</hw> (-&amacr;"sh&ubreve;n), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>habituation</i>.] <def>The act of habituating, or accustoming; the state of being habituated.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hab"i*tude</hw> (h&abreve;b"&ibreve;*t&umacr;d), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., fr. L. <i>habitudo</i> condition. See <u>Habit</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Habitual attitude; usual or accustomed state with reference to something else; established or usual relations.</def> <i>South.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The same ideas having immutably the same <i>habitudes</i> one to another.</blockquote> <i>Locke.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The verdict of the judges was biased by nothing else than their <i>habitudes</i> of thinking.</blockquote> <i>Landor.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Habitual association, intercourse, or familiarity.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>To write well, one must have frequent <i>habitudes</i> with the best company.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Habit of body or of action.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>It is impossible to gain an exact <i>habitude</i> without an infinite number of acts and perpetual practice.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Ha`bi`tu`&eacute;"</hw> (&adot;`b&esl;`t&usdot;`&asl;"), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., p. p. of <i>habituer</i>. See <u>Habituate</u>.] <def>One who habitually frequents a place; as, an <i>habitu&eacute;</i> of a theater.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hab"i*ture</hw> (h&abreve;b"&ibreve;*t&usl;r; 135), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Habitude.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>||Hab"i*tus</hw> (-t&ubreve;s), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Habitude; mode of life; general appearance.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ha"ble</hw> (h&amacr;"b'l), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Habile</u>.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hab"nab</hw> (h&abreve;b"n&abreve;b), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> [<u>Hobnob</u>.] <def>By chance.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Hach"ure</hw> (h&abreve;ch"&usl;r), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., fr. <i>hacher</i> to hack. See <u>Hatching</u>.] <i>(Fine Arts)</i> <def>A short line used in drawing and engraving, especially in shading and denoting different surfaces, as in map drawing. See <u>Hatching</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Ha`ci*en"da</hw> (&auml;`th&esl;*&asl;n"d&adot; or h&auml;`s&ibreve;*&ebreve;n"d&adot;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Sp., fr. OSp. <i>facienda</i> employment, estate, fr. L. <i>facienda</i>, pl. of <i>faciendum</i> what is to be done, fr. <i>facere</i> to do. See <u>Fact</u>.] <def>A large estate where work of any kind is done, as agriculture, manufacturing, mining, or raising of animals; a cultivated farm, with a good house, in distinction from a farming establishment with rude huts for herdsmen, etc.; — a word used in Spanish-American regions.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hack</hw> (h&abreve;k), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Hatch</u> a half door.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A frame or grating of various kinds; as, a frame for drying bricks, fish, or cheese; a rack for feeding cattle; a grating in a mill race, etc.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Unburned brick or tile, stacked up for drying.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hack</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Hacked</u> (h&abreve;kt); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Hacking</u>.] [OE. <i>hakken</i>, AS. <i>haccian</i>; akin to D. <i>hakken</i>, G. <i>hacken</i>, Dan. <i>hakke</i>, Sw. <i>hacka</i>, and perh. to E. <i>hew</i>. Cf. <u>Hew</u> to cut, <u>Haggle</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To cut irregulary, without skill or definite purpose; to notch; to mangle by repeated strokes of a cutting instrument; as, to <i>hack</i> a post.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>My sword <i>hacked</i> like a handsaw.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Fig.: To mangle in speaking.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hack</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To cough faintly and frequently, or in a short, broken manner; as, a <i>hacking</i> cough.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hack</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A notch; a cut.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>An implement for cutting a notch; a large pick used in breaking stone.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A hacking; a catch in speaking; a short, broken cough.</def> <i>Dr. H. More.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Football)</i> <def>A kick on the shins.</def> <i>T. Hughes.</i></p>

<p><col>Hack saw</col>, <cd>a handsaw having a narrow blade stretched in an iron frame, for cutting metal.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Hack</hw> (h&abreve;k), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Shortened fr. <i>hackney</i>. See <u>Hackney</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A horse, hackneyed or let out for common hire; also, a horse used in all kinds of work, or a saddle horse, as distinguished from hunting and carriage horses.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A coach or carriage let for hire; particularly, a coach with two seats inside facing each other; a hackney coach.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>On horse, on foot, in <i>hacks</i> and gilded chariots.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A bookmaker who hires himself out for any sort of literary work; an overworked man; a drudge.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Here lies poor Ned Purdon, from misery freed,<BR> Who long was a bookseller's <i>hack</i>.</blockquote> <i>Goldsmith.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>A procuress.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hack</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Hackneyed; hired; mercenary.</def> <i>Wakefield.</i></p>

<p><col>Hack writer</col>, <cd>a hack; one who writes for hire.</cd> "A vulgar <i>hack writer</i>." <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hack</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To use as a hack; to let out for hire.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To use frequently and indiscriminately, so as to render trite and commonplace.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The word "remarkable" has been so <i>hacked</i> of late.</blockquote> <i>J. H. Newman.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hack</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To be exposed or offered to common use for hire; to turn prostitute.</def> <i>Hanmer.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To live the life of a drudge or hack.</def> <i>Goldsmith.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hack"a*more</hw> (-&adot;*m&omacr;r), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. Sp. <i>jaquima</i> headstall of a halter.] <def>A halter consisting of a long leather or rope strap and headstall, — used for leading or tieing a pack animal.</def> [Western U. S.]</p>

<p><hw>Hack"ber`ry</hw> (h&abreve;k"b&ebreve;r`r&ybreve;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A genus of trees (<i>Celtis</i>) related to the elm, but bearing drupes with scanty, but often edible, pulp. <i>C. occidentalis</i> is common in the Eastern United States.</def> <i>Gray.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hack"bolt`</hw> (-b&omacr;lt`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The greater shearwater or hagdon. See <u>Hagdon</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hack"buss</hw> (-b&ubreve;s), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Hagbut</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hack"ee</hw> (-&emacr;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The chipmunk; also, the chickaree or red squirrel.</def> [U. S.]</p>

<p><hw>Hack"er</hw> (-&etilde;r), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who, or that which, hacks. Specifically: A cutting instrument for making notches; esp., one used for notching pine trees in collecting turpentine; a hack.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hack"er*y</hw> (-&ybreve;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Hind. <i>chhakr&amacr;</i>.] <def>A cart with wooden wheels, drawn by bullocks.</def> [Bengal] <i>Malcom.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hac"kle</hw> (h&abreve;k"k'l), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Heckle</u>, and cf. <u>Hatchel</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A comb for dressing flax, raw silk, etc.; a hatchel.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Any flimsy substance unspun, as raw silk.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>One of the peculiar, long, narrow feathers on the neck of fowls, most noticeable on the cock, — often used in making artificial flies; hence, any feather so used.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>An artificial fly for angling, made of feathers.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hac"kle</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Hackled</u> (-k'ld); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Hackling</u> (-kl&ibreve;ng).] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To separate, as the coarse part of flax or hemp from the fine, by drawing it through the teeth of a hackle or hatchel.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To tear asunder; to break in pieces.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The other divisions of the kingdom being <i>hackled</i> and torn to pieces.</blockquote> <i>Burke.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hac"kly</hw> (h&abreve;k"l&ybreve;), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [From <u>Hackle</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Rough or broken, as if hacked.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Min.)</i> <def>Having fine, short, and sharp points on the surface; as, the <i>hackly</i> fracture of metallic iron.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hack"man</hw> (-m<i>a</i>n), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Hackmen</b></plw> (-m<i>e</i>n). <def>The driver of a hack or carriage for public hire.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hack"ma*tack`</hw> (-m&adot;*t&abreve;k`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Of American Indian origin.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The American larch (<i>Larix Americana</i>), a coniferous tree with slender deciduous leaves; also, its heavy, close-grained timber. Called also <i>tamarack</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hack"ney</hw> (-n&ybreve;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Hackneys</b></plw> (-n&ibreve;z). [OE. <i>hakeney</i>, <i>hakenay</i>; cf. F. <i>haquen&eacute;e</i> a pacing horse, an ambling nag, OF. also <i>haguen&eacute;e</i>, Sp. <i>hacanea</i>, OSp. <i>facanea</i>, D. <i>hakkenei</i>, also OF. <i>haque</i> horse, Sp. <i>haca</i>, OSp. <i>faca</i>; perh. akin to E. <i>hack</i> to cut, and <i>nag</i>, and orig. meaning, a jolting horse. Cf. <u>Hack</u> a horse, <u>Nag</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A horse for riding or driving; a nag; a pony.</def> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A horse or pony kept for hire.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A carriage kept for hire; a hack; a hackney coach.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>A hired drudge; a hireling; a prostitute.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hack"ney</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Let out for hire; devoted to common use; hence, much used; trite; mean; as, <i>hackney</i> coaches; <i>hackney</i> authors.</def> "<i>Hackney</i> tongue." <i>Roscommon.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hack"ney</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Hackneyed</u> (-n&ibreve;d); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Hackneying</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To devote to common or frequent use, as a horse or carriage; to wear out in common service; to make trite or commonplace; as, a <i>hackneyed</i> metaphor or quotation.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Had I so lavish of my presence been,<BR> So common-<i>hackneyed</i> in the eyes of men.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To carry in a hackney coach.</def> <i>Cowper.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hack"ney*man</hw> (-m&abreve;n), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Hackneymen</b></plw> (-m&ebreve;n). <def>A man who lets horses and carriages for hire.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hack"ster</hw> (-st&etilde;r), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From <u>Hack</u> to cut.] <def>A bully; a bravo; a ruffian; an assassin.</def> [Obs.] <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hac"que*ton</hw> (h&abreve;k"k&esl;*t&obreve;n), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Acton</u>.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Had</hw> (h&abreve;d), <pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> of <u>Have</u>. [OE. <i>had</i>, <i>hafde</i>, <i>hefde</i>, AS. <i>h&aelig;fde</i>.] <def>See <u>Have</u>.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Had as lief</b></col>, <col><b>Had rather</b></col>, <col><b>Had better</b></col>, <col><b>Had as soon</b></col>, etc., <cd>with a nominative and followed by the infinitive without <i>to</i>, are well established idiomatic forms. The original construction was that of the dative with forms of <i>be</i>, followed by the infinitive. See <i>Had better</i>, under <u>Better</u>.</cd></p>

<p><blockquote>And <i>lever me is</i> be pore and trewe.<BR> [And more agreeable to me it is to be poor and true.]</blockquote> <i>C. Mundi (Trans.).</i></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Him had been lever</i> to be syke.<BR> [To him it had been preferable to be sick.]</blockquote> <i>Fabian.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>For <i>him was lever</i> have at his bed's head<BR> Twenty bookes, clad in black or red, . . . <BR> Than robes rich, or fithel, or gay sawtrie.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p>Gradually the nominative was substituted for the dative, and <i>had</i> for the forms of <i>be</i>. During the process of transition, the nominative with <i>was</i> or <i>were</i>, and the dative with <i>had</i>, are found.</p>

<p><blockquote>Poor lady, <i>she were better</i> love a dream.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote><i>You were best</i> hang yourself.</blockquote> <i>Beau. & Fl.</i></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Me rather had</i> my heart might feel your love<BR> Than my unpleased eye see your courtesy.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote><i>I hadde levere</i> than my scherte,<BR> That ye hadde rad his legende, as have I.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><blockquote><i>I had as lief</i> not be as live to be<BR> In awe of such a thing as I myself.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote><i>I had rather</i> be a dog and bay the moon,<BR> Than such a Roman.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote><i>I had rather</i> be a doorkeeper in the house of my God, than to dwell in the tents of wickedness.</blockquote> <i>Ps. lxxxiv. 10.</i></p>

<p><hw>Had"der</hw> (h&abreve;d"d&etilde;r), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Heather; heath.</def> [Obs.] <i>Burton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Had"die</hw> (-d&ibreve;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The haddock.</def> [Scot.]</p>

<p><hw>Had"dock</hw> (-d&ubreve;k), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>hadok</i>, <i>haddok</i>, of unknown origin; cf. Ir. <i>codog</i>, Gael. <i>adag</i>, F. <i>hadot</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A marine food fish (<i>Melanogrammus &aelig;glefinus</i>), allied to the cod, inhabiting the northern coasts of Europe and America. It has a dark lateral line and a black spot on each side of the body, just back of the gills. Galled also <i>haddie</i>, and <i>dickie</i>.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Norway haddock</b></col>, <cd>a marine edible fish (<i>Sebastes marinus</i>) of Northern Europe and America. See <u>Rose fish</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Hade</hw> (h&amacr;d), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. AS. <i>heald</i> inclined, bowed down, G. <i>halde</i> declivity.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The descent of a hill.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Mining)</i> <def>The inclination or deviation from the vertical of any mineral vein.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hade</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <i>(Mining)</i> <def>To deviate from the vertical; — said of a vein, fault, or lode.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ha"des</hw> (h&amacr;"d&emacr;z), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>"a',dhs</grk>, <grk>"A'idhs</grk>; <grk>'a</grk> priv. + <grk>'idei^n</grk> to see. Cf. <u>Un-</u>, <u>Wit</u>.] <def>The nether world (according to classical mythology, the abode of the shades, ruled over by Hades or Pluto); the invisible world; the grave.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>And death and <i>Hades</i> gave up the dead which were in them.</blockquote> <i>Rev. xx. 13 (Rev. Ver.).</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Neither was he left in <i>Hades</i>, nor did his flesh see corruption.</blockquote> <i>Acts ii. 31 (Rev. Ver.).</i></p>

<p><blockquote>And in <i>Hades</i> he lifted up his eyes, being in torments.</blockquote> <i>Luke xvi. 23 (Rev. Ver.).</i></p>

<p><hw>||Hadj</hw> (h&abreve;j), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Ar. <i>hajj</i>, fr. <i>hajja</i> to set out, walk, go on a pilgrimage.] <def>The pilgrimage to Mecca, performed by Mohammedans.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hadj"i</hw> (-&ibreve;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Ar. <i>h&amacr;jj&imacr;</i>. See <u>Hadj</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A Mohammedan pilgrim to Mecca; — used among Orientals as a respectful salutation or a title of honor.</def> <i>G. W. Curtis.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A Greek or Armenian who has visited the holy sepulcher at Jerusalem.</def> <i>Heyse.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Had`ro*sau"rus</hw> (h&abreve;d`r&osl;*s&add;"r&ubreve;s), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. <grk>"adro`s</grk> thick + <grk>say^ros</grk> lizard.] <i>(Paleon.)</i> <def>An American herbivorous dinosaur of great size, allied to the iguanodon. It is found in the Cretaceous formation.</def></p>

<p><hw>H&aelig;c*ce"i*ty</hw> (h&ebreve;k*s&emacr;"&ibreve;*t&ybreve;), [L. <i>h&aelig;cce</i> this.] <i>(Logic)</i> <def>Literally, <i>this-ness</i>. A scholastic term to express individuality or singleness; as, <i>this</i> book.</def></p>

<p><hw>H&aelig;m"a-</hw> (h&ebreve;m"&adot;- or h&emacr;"m&adot;-), <hw>H&aelig;m"a*to-</hw> (h&ebreve;m"&adot;*t&osl;- or h&emacr;"m&adot;*t&osl;-), <hw>H&aelig;m"o-</hw> (h&ebreve;m"&osl;- or h&emacr;"m&osl;-). [Gr. <grk>a"i^ma</grk>, <grk>a"i`matos</grk>, blood.] <def>Combining forms indicating <i>relation or resemblance to blood</i>, <i>association with blood</i>; as, <i>h&aelig;ma</i>pod, <i>h&aelig;mato</i>genesis, <i>h&aelig;mo</i>scope.</def></p>

<p>&fist; Words from Gr. <grk>a"i^ma</grk> are written <i>hema-</i>, <i>hemato-</i>, <i>hemo-</i>, as well as <i>h&aelig;ma-</i>, <i>h&aelig;mato-</i>, <i>h&aelig;mo-</i>.</p>

<p><hw>H&aelig;m"a*chrome</hw> (h&ebreve;m"&adot;*kr&omacr;m or h&emacr;"m&adot;-), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>H&aelig;ma-</i> + Gr. <grk>chrw^ma</grk> color.] <i>(Physiol. Chem.)</i> <def>Hematin.</def></p>

<p><hw>H&aelig;m`a*cy"a*nin</hw> (-s&imacr;"&adot;*n&ibreve;n), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>H&aelig;ma-</i> + Gr. <grk>ky`anos</grk> a dark blue substance.] <i>(Physiol. Chem.)</i> <def>A substance found in the blood of the octopus, which gives to it its blue color.</def></p>

<p>&fist; When deprived of oxygen it is colorless, but becomes quickly blue in contact with oxygen, and is then generally called <i>oxyh&aelig;macyanin</i>. A similar blue coloring matter has been detected in small quantity in the blood of other animals and in the bile.</p>

<p><hw>H&aelig;m`a*cy*tom"e*ter</hw> (- s&isl;*t&obreve;m"&esl;*t&etilde;r), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>H&aelig;ma</i> + Gr. <grk>ky`tos</grk> a hollow vessel + <i>- meter</i>.] <i>(Physiol.)</i> <def>An apparatus for determining the number of corpuscles in a given quantity of blood.</def></p>

<p><hw>H&aelig;"mad</hw> (h&emacr;"m&abreve;d), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> [<i>H&aelig;ma-</i> + L. <i>ad</i> toward.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Toward the h&aelig;mal side; on the h&aelig;mal side of; — opposed to <i>neurad</i>.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>H&aelig;m`a*drom"e*ter</hw> (h&ebreve;m`&adot;*dr&obreve;m"&esl;*t&etilde;r or h&emacr;`m&adot;- ), <hw>H&aelig;m`a*dro*mom"e*ter</hw> (- dr&osl;*m&obreve;m"&esl;*t&etilde;r), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Hemadrometer</u>.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>H&aelig;m`a*drom"e*try</hw> (- dr&obreve;m"&esl;*tr&ybreve;),<hw>H&aelig;m`a*dro*mom"e*try</hw> (- dr&osl;*m&obreve;m"&esl;*tr&ybreve;), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Hemadrometry</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>H&aelig;m`a*drom"o*graph</hw> (-dr&obreve;m"&osl;*gr&adot;f), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>H&aelig;ma-</i> + Gr. <grk>dro`mos</grk> course + <i>-graph</i>.] <i>(Physiol.)</i> <def>An instrument for registering the velocity of the blood.</def></p>

<p><hw>H&aelig;`ma*dy*nam"e*ter</hw> (h&emacr;`m&adot;*d&isl;*n&abreve;m"&esl;*t&etilde;r or h&ebreve;m`&adot;*d&ibreve;-) <hw>H&aelig;`ma*dy`na*mom"e*ter</hw> (h&emacr;`m&adot;*d&imacr;`n&adot;*m&obreve;m"&esl;*t&etilde;r or h&ebreve;m`&adot;*d&ibreve;n`&adot;-), <def>Same as <u>Hemadynamometer</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>H&aelig;ma*dy*nam"ics</hw> (h&emacr;`m&adot;*d&isl;*n&abreve;m"&ibreve;ks or h&ebreve;m`&adot;*d&ibreve;-), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Hemadynamics</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>H&aelig;"mal</hw> (h&emacr;"m<i>a</i>l), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>a"i^ma</grk> blood.] <def>Pertaining to the blood or blood vessels; also, ventral. See <u>Hemal</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>H&aelig;m`a*ph&aelig;"in</hw> (h&ebreve;m`&adot;*f&emacr;"&ibreve;n or h&emacr;`m&adot;-), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>H&aelig;ma-</i> + Gr. <grk>faio`s</grk> dusky.] <i>(Physiol.)</i> <def>A brownish substance sometimes found in the blood, in cases of jaundice.</def></p>

<p><hw>H&aelig;m"a*pod</hw> (h&ebreve;m"&adot;*p&obreve;d or h&emacr;"m&adot;*p&obreve;d), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>H&aelig;ma</i> + <i>-pod</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>An h&aelig;mapodous animal.</def> <i>G. Rolleston.</i></p>

<p><! p. 663 pr=JMD !></p>

<p><hw>H&aelig;*map"o*dous</hw> (h&esl;*m&abreve;p"&osl;*d&ubreve;s), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Having the limbs on, or directed toward, the ventral or hemal side, as in vertebrates; — opposed to <i>neuropodous</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>H&aelig;m`a*poi*et"ic</hw> (h&ebreve;m`&adot;*poi*&ebreve;t"&ibreve;k or h&emacr;`m&adot;-), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>H&aelig;ma-</i> + Gr. <grk>poihtiko`s</grk> productive.] <i>(Physiol.)</i> <def>Blood-forming; as, the <i>h&aelig;mapoietic</i> function of the spleen.</def></p>

<p><hw>||H&aelig;m`a*poph"y*sis</hw> (- p&obreve;f"&ibreve;*s&ibreve;s), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL.] <def>Same as <u>Hemapophysis</u>.</def> — <wf>H&aelig;m`a*po*phys"i*al</wf> (- p&osl;*f&ibreve;z"&ibreve;*<i>a</i>l), <pos><i>a.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>H&aelig;m`a*stat"ics</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Hemastatics</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>H&aelig;m`a*ta*chom"e*ter</hw> (- t&adot;*k&obreve;m"&esl;*t&etilde;r), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>H&aelig;ma-</i> + Gr. <grk>tachy`s</grk> swift + <i>-meter</i>.] <i>(Physiol.)</i> <def>A form of apparatus (somewhat different from the <i>hemadrometer</i>) for measuring the velocity of the blood.</def></p>

<p><hw>H&aelig;m`a*ta*chom"e*try</hw> (-tr&ybreve;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Physiol.)</i> <def>The measurement of the velocity of the blood.</def></p>

<p><hw>H&aelig;m`a*tem"e*sis</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Hematemesis</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>H&aelig;*mat"ic</hw> (h&esl;*m&abreve;t"&ibreve;k), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>a"imatiko`s</grk>] <def>Of or pertaining to the blood; sanguine; brownish red.</def></p>

<p><col><b>H&aelig;matic acid</b></col> <i>(Physiol. Chem.)</i>, <cd>a hypothetical acid, supposed to be formed from hemoglobin during its oxidation in the lungs, and to have the power of freeing carbonic acid from the sodium carbonate of the serum.</cd> <i>Thudichum.</i></p>

<p><hw>H&aelig;m"a*tin</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Hematin</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>H&aelig;m`a*ti*nom"e*ter</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Hematinometer</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>H&aelig;m`a*tin`o*met"ric</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Hematinometric</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>H&aelig;m"a*tite</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Hematite</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>H&aelig;m`a*tit"ic</hw> (h&ebreve;m`&adot;*t&ibreve;t"&ibreve;k), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Of a blood-red color; crimson;</def> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>brownish red.</def></p>

<p><hw>H&aelig;m"a*to-</hw> (h&ebreve;m"&adot;*t&osl;- or h&emacr;"- ), <pos><i>prefix.</i></pos> <def>See <u>H&aelig;ma-</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>H&aelig;m"a*to*blast`</hw> (-bl&abreve;st`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>H&aelig;mato-</i> + <i>-blast</i>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>One of the very minute, disk-shaped bodies found in blood with the ordinary red corpuscles and white corpuscles; a third kind of blood corpuscle, supposed by some to be an early stage in the development of the red corpuscles; — called also <i>blood plaque</i>, and <i>blood plate</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||H&aelig;m`a*toc"ry*a</hw> (t&obreve;k"r&ibreve;*&adot;), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The cold-blooded vertebrates. Same as <u>Hematocrya</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>H&aelig;m`*a*toc"ry*al</hw> (-<i>a</i>l), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Cold-blooded.</def></p>

<p><hw>H&aelig;m`a*to*crys"tal*lin</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Hematocrystallin</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>H&aelig;`ma*to*dy`na*mom"e*ter</hw> (h&emacr;`m&adot;*t&osl;*d&imacr;`n&adot;*m&obreve;m"&esl;*t&etilde;r or h&ebreve;m`&adot;*t&osl;*d&ibreve;n`&adot;-), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Hemadynamometer</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>H&aelig;m`a*to*gen"e*sis</hw> (h&ebreve;m`&adot;*t&osl;*j&ebreve;n"&esl;*s&ibreve;s or h&emacr;`m&adot;*t&osl;-), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>H&aelig;mato-</i> + <i>genesis</i>.] <i>(Physiol.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The origin and development of blood.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The transformation of venous into arterial blood by respiration; hematosis.</def></p>

<p><hw>H&aelig;m`a*to*gen"ic</hw> (-j&ebreve;n"&ibreve;k), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Physiol.)</i> <def>Relating to h&aelig;matogenesis.</def></p>

<p><hw>H&aelig;m`a*tog"e*nous</hw> (-t&obreve;j"&esl;*n&ubreve;s), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Physiol.)</i> <def>Originating in the blood.</def></p>

<p><hw>H&aelig;m`a*to*glob"u*lin</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Hematoglobulin</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>H&aelig;m"a*toid</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Hematoid</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>H&aelig;m`a*toid"in</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Hematoidin</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>H&aelig;*mat"o*in</hw> (h&esl;*m&abreve;t"&osl;*&ibreve;n), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>H&aelig;mato-</i> + <i>-in</i>.] <i>(Physiol. Chem.)</i> <def>A substance formed from the hematin of blood, by removal of the iron through the action of concentrated sulphuric acid. Two like bodies, called respectively <i>h&aelig;matoporphyrin</i> and <i>h&aelig;matolin</i>, are formed in a similar manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>H&aelig;*mat"o*lin</hw> (-l&ibreve;n), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>H&aelig;matoin</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>H&aelig;m`a*tol"o*gy</hw> (h&ebreve;m`&adot;*t&obreve;l"&osl;*j&ybreve; or h&emacr;`m&adot;-), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The science which treats of the blood. Same as <u>Hematology</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>H&aelig;m`a*tom"e*ter</hw> (-t&obreve;m"&esl;*t&etilde;r), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>H&aelig;mato-</i> + <i>-meter</i>.] <i>(Physiol.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>Same as <u>Hemadynamometer</u>.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>An instrument for determining the number of blood corpuscles in a given quantity of blood.</def></p>

<p><hw>||H&aelig;m`a*to*phi*li"na</hw> (- t&osl;*f&ibreve;*l&imacr;"n&adot;), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. <grk>a"i^ma</grk>, <grk>a"i`matos</grk>, blood +<grk>filei^n</grk> to love.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A division of Cheiroptera, including the bloodsucking bats. See <u>Vampire</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>H&aelig;m"a*to*plast`</hw> (-pl&abreve;st`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>H&aelig;mato-</i> + Gr. <grk>pla`ssein</grk> to mold.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Same as <u>H&aelig;matoblast</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>H&aelig;m`a*to*plas"tic</hw> (-pl&abreve;s"t&ibreve;k), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>H&aelig;mato-</i> + <i>-plastic</i>.] <i>(Physiol.)</i> <def>Blood formative; — applied to a substance in early fetal life, which breaks up gradually into blood vessels.</def></p>

<p><hw>H&aelig;m`a*to*por"phy*rin</hw> (- p&ocirc;r"f&ibreve;*r&ibreve;n), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>H&aelig;mato-</i> + Gr. <grk>porfy`ra</grk> purple.] <i>(Physiol. Chem.)</i> <def>See <u>H&aelig;matoin</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>H&aelig;m"a*to*sac`</hw> (-s&abreve;k`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>H&aelig;mato-</i> + <i>sac</i>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>A vascular sac connected, beneath the brain, in many fishes, with the infundibulum.</def></p>

<p><hw>H&aelig;m"a*to*scope`</hw> (-sk&omacr;p`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A h&aelig;moscope.</def></p>

<p><hw>H&aelig;m`a*to"sin</hw> (h&ebreve;m`&adot;*t&omacr;"s&ibreve;n or h&esl;*m&abreve;t"&osl;*s&ibreve;n), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Physiol. Chem.)</i> <def>Hematin.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>||H&aelig;m`a*to"sis</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Hematosis</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||H&aelig;m`a*to*ther"ma</hw> (h&ebreve;m`&adot;*t&osl;*th&etilde;r"m&adot; or h&emacr;`m&adot;-), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Hematotherma</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>H&aelig;m`a*to*ther"mal</hw> (-m<i>a</i>l), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Warm-blooded; homoiothermal.</def></p>

<p><hw>H&aelig;m`a*to*tho"rax</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Hemothorax</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>H&aelig;m`a*tox"y*lin</hw> (-t&obreve;ks"&ibreve;*l&ibreve;n), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>H&aelig;matoxylon</u>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>The coloring principle of logwood. It is obtained as a yellow crystalline substance, C<sub>16</sub>H<sub>14</sub>O<sub>6</sub>, with a sweetish taste. Formerly called also <i>hematin</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||H&aelig;m`a*tox"y*lon</hw> (-l&obreve;n), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. <grk>a"i^ma</grk> blood + <grk>xy`lon</grk> wood.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A genus of leguminous plants containing but a single species, the <i>H. Campechianum</i> or logwood tree, native in Yucatan.</def></p>

<p><hw>||H&aelig;m`a*to*zo"&ouml;n</hw> (-t&osl;*z&omacr;"&obreve;n), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>H&aelig;matozoa</b></plw> (- &adot;). [NL., fr. Gr. <grk>a"i^ma</grk>, <grk>a"i`matos</grk>, blood + <grk>zw^,on</grk> animal.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A parasite inhabiting the blood</def>; esp.: <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>Certain species of nematodes of the genus <i>Filaria</i>, sometimes found in the blood of man, the horse, the dog, etc.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The trematode, <i>Bilharzia h&aelig;matobia</i>, which infests the inhabitants of Egypt and other parts of Africa, often causing death.</def></p>

<p><hw>H&aelig;"mic</hw> (h&emacr;"m&ibreve;k or h&ebreve;m"&ibreve;k), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pertaining to the blood; hemal.</def></p>

<p><hw>H&aelig;"min</hw> (h&amacr;"m&ibreve;n), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Hemin</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>H&aelig;m"o-</hw> (h&ebreve;m"&osl;- or h&emacr;"m&osl;-), <pos><i>prefix.</i></pos> <def>See <u>H&aelig;ma-</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>H&aelig;m"o*chrome</hw> (-kr&omacr;m), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>H&aelig;machrome</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>H&aelig;m`o*chro"mo*gen</hw> (-kr&omacr;"m&osl;*j&ebreve;n), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>H&aelig;mochrome</i> + <i>-gen</i>.] <i>(Physiol. Chem.)</i> <def>A body obtained from hemoglobin, by the action of reducing agents in the absence of oxygen.</def></p>

<p><hw>H&aelig;m`o*chro*mom"e*ter</hw> (- kr&osl;*m&obreve;m"&esl;*t&etilde;r), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>H&aelig;mochrome</i> + <i>-meter</i>.] <i>(Physiol. Chem.)</i> <def>An apparatus for measuring the amount of hemoglobin in a fluid, by comparing it with a solution of known strength and of normal color.</def></p>

<p><hw>H&aelig;m`o*cy"a*nin</hw> (-s&imacr;"&adot;*n&ibreve;n), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>H&aelig;macyanin</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||H&aelig;m`o*cy*tol"y*sis</hw> (- s&isl;*t&obreve;l"&ibreve;*s&ibreve;s), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. <grk>a"i^ma</grk> blood + <grk>ky`tos</grk> hollow vessel + <grk>ly`ein</grk> to loosen, dissolve.] <i>(Physiol.)</i> <def>See <u>H&aelig;mocytotrypsis</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>H&aelig;m`o*cy*tom"e*ter</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>H&aelig;macytometer</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||H&aelig;m`o*cy`to*tryp"sis</hw> (- s&imacr;`t&osl;*tr&ibreve;p"s&ibreve;s), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. <grk>a"i^ma</grk> blood + <grk>ky`tos</grk> hollow vessel + <grk>tri`bein</grk> to rub, grind.] <i>(Physiol.)</i> <def>A breaking up of the blood corpuscles, as by pressure, in distinction from solution of the corpuscles, or <i>h&aelig;mocytolysis</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>H&aelig;m`o*drom"o*graph</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>H&aelig;madromograph</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>H&aelig;m`o*dro*mom"e*ter</hw>(- dr&osl;*m&obreve;m"&esl;*t&etilde;r),<pos><i>n.</i></pos><def>Same as <u>Hemadrometer</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>H&aelig;`mo*dy*nam"e*ter</hw> (h&emacr;`m&osl;*d&isl;*n&abreve;m"&esl;*t&etilde;r or h&ebreve;m`&osl;*d&ibreve;-), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Hemadynamometer</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>H&aelig;`mo*dy*nam"ics</hw>,<pos><i>n.</i></pos><def>Same as <u>Hemadynamics</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>H&aelig;m`o*glo"bin</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Hemoglobin</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>H&aelig;m`o*glo`bin*om"e*ter</hw> (- &obreve;m"&esl;*t&etilde;r), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>H&aelig;moglobin</i> + <i>-meter</i>.] <def>Same as <u>Hemochromometer</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>H&aelig;m`o*lu"te*in</hw> (-l&umacr;"t&esl;*&ibreve;n), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>H&aelig;mo-</i> + corpus <i>lute</i>um.] <i>(Physiol.)</i> <def>See <u>Hematoidin</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>H&aelig;m`o*ma*nom"e*ter</hw> (- m&adot;*n&obreve;m"&esl;*t&etilde;r), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>H&aelig;mo-</i> + <i>manometer</i>.] <def>Same as <u>Hemadynamometer</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>H&aelig;*mom"e*ter</hw> (h&esl;*m&obreve;m"&esl;*t&etilde;r), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>H&aelig;mo-</i> + <i>-meter</i>.] <i>(Physiol.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Hemadynamometer</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>H&aelig;"mo*ny</hw> (h&emacr;"m&osl;*n&ybreve;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>H&aelig;monia</i> a name of Thessaly, the land of magic.] <def>A plant described by Milton as "of sovereign use against all enchantments."</def></p>

<p><hw>H&aelig;m`o*plas"tic</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>H&aelig;matoplastic</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>H&aelig;m"or*rhoid"al</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Hemorrhoidal</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>H&aelig;m"o*scope</hw> (h&ebreve;m"&osl;*sk&omacr;p or h&emacr;"m&osl;-), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>H&aelig;mo-</i> + <i>- scope</i>.] <i>(Physiol.)</i> <def>An instrument devised by Hermann, for regulating and measuring the thickness of a layer of blood for spectroscopic examination.</def></p>

<p><hw>H&aelig;m`o*stat"ic</hw> (-st&abreve;t"&ibreve;k), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Hemostatic</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>H&aelig;m`o*ta*chom"e*ter</hw> (- t&adot;*k&obreve;m"&esl;*t&etilde;r), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>H&aelig;matachometer</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>H&aelig;m`o*ta*chom"e*try</hw> (-tr&ybreve;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>H&aelig;matachometry</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Haf</hw> (h&auml;f), <pos><i>imp.</i></pos> of <u>Heave</u>. <def>Hove.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Haf"fle</hw> (h&abreve;f"f'l), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [Cf. G. <i>haften</i> to cling, stick to, Prov. G., to stop, stammer.] <def>To stammer; to speak unintelligibly; to prevaricate.</def> [Prov. Eng.] <i>Halliwell.</i></p>

<p><hw>Haft</hw> (h&adot;ft), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>h&aelig;ft</i>; akin to D. & G. <i>heft</i>, Icel. <i>hepti</i>, and to E. <i>heave</i>, or <i>have</i>. Cf. <u>Heft</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A handle; that part of an instrument or vessel taken into the hand, and by which it is held and used; — said chiefly of a knife, sword, or dagger; the hilt.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>This brandish'd dagger<BR> I'll bury to the <i>haft</i> in her fair breast.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A dwelling.</def> [Scot.] <i>Jamieson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Haft</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To set in, or furnish with, a haft; as, to <i>haft</i> a dagger.</def></p>

<p><hw>Haft"er</hw> (-&etilde;r), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. G. <i>haften</i> to cling or stick to, and E. <i>haffle</i>.] <def>A caviler; a wrangler.</def> [Obs.] <i>Baret.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hag</hw> (h&abreve;g), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>hagge</i>, <i>hegge</i>, witch, hag, AS. <i>h&aelig;gtesse</i>; akin to OHG. <i>hagazussa</i>, G. <i>hexe</i>, D. <i>heks</i>, Dan. <i>hex</i>, Sw. <i>h&auml;xa</i>. The first part of the word is prob. the same as E. <i>haw</i>, <i>hedge</i>, and the orig. meaning was perh., wood woman, wild woman. &radic;12.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A witch, sorceress, or enchantress; also, a wizard.</def> [Obs.] "[Silenus] that old <i>hag</i>." <i>Golding.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>An ugly old woman.</def><i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A fury; a she-monster.</def> <i>Crashaw.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>An eel-like marine marsipobranch (<i>Myxine glutinosa</i>), allied to the lamprey. It has a suctorial mouth, with labial appendages, and a single pair of gill openings. It is the type of the order Hyperotreta. Called also <i>hagfish</i>, <i>borer</i>, <i>slime eel</i>, <i>sucker</i>, and <i>sleepmarken</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The hagdon or shearwater.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>An appearance of light and fire on a horse's mane or a man's hair.</def> <i>Blount.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Hag moth</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a moth (<i>Phobetron pithecium</i>), the larva of which has curious side appendages, and feeds on fruit trees.</cd> — <col><b>Hag's tooth</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>an ugly irregularity in the pattern of matting or pointing.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Hag</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Hagged</u> (h&abreve;gd); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Hagging</u>.] <def>To harass; to weary with vexation.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>How are superstitious men <i>hagged</i> out of their wits with the fancy of omens.</blockquote> <i>L'Estrange.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hag</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Scot. <i>hag</i> to cut; cf. E. <i>hack</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A small wood, or part of a wood or copse, which is marked off or inclosed for felling, or which has been felled.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>This said, he led me over hoults and <i>hags</i>;<BR> Through thorns and bushes scant my legs I drew.</blockquote> <i>Fairfax.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A quagmire; mossy ground where peat or turf has been cut.</def> <i>Dugdale.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hag"ber`ry</hw> (h&abreve;g"b&ebreve;r`r&ybreve;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A plant of the genus <i>Prunus</i> (<i>P. Padus</i>); the bird cherry.</def> [Scot.]</p>

<p><hw>Hag"born`</hw> (-b&ocirc;rn`), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Born of a hag or witch.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hag"but</hw> (-b&ubreve;t), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>haquebute</i>, prob. a corruption of D. <i>haakbus</i>; <i>haak</i> hook + <i>bus</i> gun barrel. See <u>Hook</u>, and 2d <u>Box</u>, and cf. <u>Arquebus</u>.] <def>A harquebus, of which the but was bent down or hooked for convenience in taking aim.</def> [Written also <i>haguebut</i> and <i>hackbuss</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Hag"but*ter</hw> (h&abreve;g"b&ubreve;t*t&etilde;r), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A soldier armed with a hagbut or arquebus.</def> [Written also <i>hackbutter</i>.] <i>Froude.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hag"don</hw> (h&abreve;g"d&obreve;n), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of several species of sea birds of the genus <i>Puffinus</i>; esp., <i>P. major</i>, the greater shearwarter, and <i>P. Stricklandi</i>, the black hagdon or sooty shearwater; — called also <i>hagdown</i>, <i>haglin</i>, and <i>hag</i>. See <u>Shearwater</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hag"fish`</hw>(- f&ibreve;sh`),<pos><i>n.</i></pos><i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>See <u>Hag</u>, 4.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hag*ga"da</hw> (h&abreve;g*g&auml;"d&adot;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Haggadoth</b></plw> (- d&omacr;th). [Rabbinic <i>hagg&amacr;dh&amacr;</i>, fr. Heb. <i>higg&imacr;dh</i> to relate.] <def>A story, anecdote, or legend in the Talmud, to explain or illustrate the text of the Old Testament.</def> [Written also <i>hagada</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Hag"gard</hw> (h&abreve;g"g&etilde;rd), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [F. <i>hagard</i>; of German origin, and prop. meaning, of the hegde or woods, wild, untamed. See <u>Hedge</u>, 1st <u>Haw</u>, and <u>- ard</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Wild or intractable; disposed to break away from duty; untamed; as, a <i>haggard</i> or refractory hawk.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> [For <i>hagged</i>, fr. <i>hag</i> a witch, influenced by <i>haggard</i> wild.] <def>Having the expression of one wasted by want or suffering; hollow-eyed; having the features distorted or wasted by pain; wild and wasted, or anxious in appearance; as, <i>haggard</i> features, eyes.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Staring his eyes, and <i>haggard</i> was his look.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hag"gard</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Haggard</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Falconry)</i> <def>A young or untrained hawk or falcon.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A fierce, intractable creature.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I have loved this proud disdainful <i>haggard</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> [See <u>Haggard</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>, 2.] <def>A hag.</def> [Obs.] <i>Garth.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hag"gard</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See 1st <u>Haw</u>, <u>Hedge</u>, and <u>Yard</u> an inclosed space.] <def>A stackyard.</def> [Prov. Eng.] <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hag"gard*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a haggard manner.</def> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hag"ged</hw> (-g&ebreve;d), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Like a hag; lean; ugly.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Hag"gis</hw> (-g&ibreve;s), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Scot. <i>hag</i> to hack, chop, E. <i>hack</i>. Formed, perhaps, in imitation of the F. <i>hachis</i> (E. <i>hash</i>), fr. <i>hacher</i>.] <def>A Scotch pudding made of the heart, liver, lights, etc., of a sheep or lamb, minced with suet, onions, oatmeal, etc., highly seasoned, and boiled in the stomach of the same animal; minced head and pluck.</def> [Written also <i>haggiss</i>, <i>haggess</i>, and <i>haggies</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Hag"gish</hw> (-g&ibreve;sh), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Like a hag; ugly; wrinkled.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>But on us both did <i>haggish</i> age steal on.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hag"gish*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In the manner of a hag.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hag"gle</hw> (h&abreve;g"g'l), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Haggled</u> (-g'ld); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Haggling</u> (-gl&ibreve;ng).] [Freq. of Scot. <i>hag</i>, E. <i>hack</i>. See <u>Hack</u> to cut.] <def>To cut roughly or hack; to cut into small pieces; to notch or cut in an unskillful manner; to make rough or mangle by cutting; as, a boy <i>haggles</i> a stick of wood.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Suffolk first died, and York, all <i>haggled</i> o'er,<BR> Comes to him, where in gore he lay insteeped.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hag"gle</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To be difficult in bargaining; to stick at small matters; to chaffer; to higgle.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Royalty and science never <i>haggled</i> about the value of blood.</blockquote> <i>Walpole.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hag"gle</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The act or process of haggling.</def> <i>Carlyle.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hag"gler</hw> (h&abreve;g"gl&etilde;r), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who haggles or is difficult in bargaining.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>One who forestalls a market; a middleman between producer and dealer in London vegetable markets.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ha"gi*ar`chy</hw> (h&amacr;"j&ibreve;*&auml;r`k&ybreve;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>"a`gios</grk> sacred, holy + <i>- archy</i>.] <def>A sacred government; government by holy orders of men.</def> <i>Southey.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ha`gi*oc"ra*cy</hw> (-&obreve;k"r&adot;*s&ybreve;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>"a`gios</grk> holy, and <grk>kratei^n</grk> to govern.] <def>Government by a priesthood; hierarchy.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Ha`gi*og"ra*pha</hw> (-&obreve;g"r&adot;*f&adot;), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [L., fr. Gr. <grk>"agio`grafa</grk> (sc. <grk>bibli`a</grk>), fr. <grk>"agio`grafos</grk> written by inspiration; <grk>"a`gios</grk> sacred, holy + <grk>gra`fein</grk> to write.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The last of the three Jewish divisions of the Old Testament, or that portion not contained in the Law and the Prophets. It comprises Psalms, Proverbs, Job, Canticles, Ruth, Lamentations, Ecclesiastes, Esther, Daniel, Ezra, Nehemiah, and Chronicles.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(R. C. Ch.)</i> <def>The lives of the saints.</def> <i>Brande & C.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ha`gi*og"ra*phal</hw> (-f<i>a</i>l), <def>Pertaining to the hagiographa, or to sacred writings.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ha`gi*og"ra*pher</hw> (-f&etilde;r), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One of the writers of the hagiographa; a writer of lives of the saints.</def> <i>Shipley.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ha`gi*og"ra*phy</hw> (-f&ybreve;; 277), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Hagiographa</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ha`gi*ol"a*try</hw> (-&obreve;l"&adot;*tr&ybreve;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>"a`gios</grk> sacred + <grk>latrei`a</grk> worship.] <def>The invocation or worship of saints.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ha`gi*ol"o*gist</hw> (-&osl;*j&ibreve;st), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who treats of the sacred writings; a writer of the lives of the saints; a hagiographer.</def> <i>Tylor.</i></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Hagiologists</i> have related it without scruple.</blockquote> <i>Southey.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ha`gi*ol"o*gy</hw> (-j&ybreve;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>"a`gios</grk> sacred + <i>-logy</i>.] <def>The history or description of the sacred writings or of sacred persons; a narrative of the lives of the saints; a catalogue of saints.</def> <i>J. H. Newman.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ha"gi*o*scope`</hw> (h&amacr;"j&ibreve;*&osl;*sk&omacr;p`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>"a`gios</grk> sacred + <i>-scope</i>.] <def>An opening made in the interior walls of a cruciform church to afford a view of the altar to those in the transepts; — called, in architecture, a <i>squint</i>.</def> <i>Hook.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hag"-rid`den</hw> (h&abreve;g"r&ibreve;d`d'n), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Ridden by a hag or witch; hence, afflicted with nightmare.</def> <i>Beattie.</i> <i>Cheyne.</i></p>

<p><! p. 664 pr=JMD !></p>

<p><hw>Hag"seed`</hw> (h&abreve;g"s&emacr;d), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The offspring of a hag.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hag"ship</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The state or title of a hag.</def> <i>Middleton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hag"-ta`per</hw> (-t&amacr;`p&etilde;r), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. 1st <u>Hag</u>, and <u>Hig-taper</u>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The great woolly mullein (<i>Verbascum Thapsus</i>).</def></p>

<p><hw>Hague"but</hw> (h&abreve;g"b&ubreve;t), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Hagbut</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hah</hw> (h&auml;), <pos><i>interj.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Ha</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ha-ha"</hw> (h&auml;*h&auml;"), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Haw-haw</u>.] <def>A sunk fence; a fence, wall, or ditch, not visible till one is close upon it.</def> [Written also <i>haw- haw</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Hai"ding*er*ite</hw> (h&imacr;"d&ibreve;ng*&etilde;r*&imacr;t), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Min.)</i> <def>A mineral consisting chiefly of the arseniate of lime; — so named in honor of W. <i>Haidinger</i>, of Vienna.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hai"duck</hw> (h&imacr;"d&usdot;k), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [G. <i>haiduck</i>, <i>heiduck</i>, fr. Hung. <i>hajdu</i>.] <def>Formerly, a mercenary foot soldier in Hungary, now, a halberdier of a Hungarian noble, or an attendant in German or Hungarian courts.</def> [Written also <i>hayduck</i>, <i>haiduk</i>, <i>heiduc</i>, <i>heyduck</i>, and <i>heyduk</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>||Haik</hw> (h&amacr;k; Ar. h&auml;*&esl;k), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Ar. <i>h&amacr;&iuml;k</i>, fr. <i>h&amacr;ka</i> to weave.] <def>A large piece of woolen or cotton cloth worn by Arabs as an outer garment.</def> [Written also <i>hyke</i>.] <i>Heyse.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Hai"kal</hw> (h&imacr;"k<i>a</i>l), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The central chapel of the three forming the sanctuary of a Coptic church. It contains the high altar, and is usually closed by an embroidered curtain.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hail</hw> (h&amacr;l), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>hail</i>, <i>ha&yogh;el</i>, AS. <i>h&aelig;gel</i>, <i>hagol</i>; akin to D., G., Dan., & Sw. <i>hagel</i>; Icel. <i>hagl</i>; cf. Gr. <grk>ka`chlhx</grk> pebble.] <def>Small roundish masses of ice precipitated from the clouds, where they are formed by the congelation of vapor. The separate masses or grains are called <i>hailstones</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Thunder mixed with <i>hail</i>,<BR> <i>Hail</i> mixed with fire, must rend the Egyptian sky.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hail</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Hailed</u> (h&amacr;ld); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Hailing</u>.] [OE. <i>hailen</i>, AS. <i>hagalian</i>.] <def>To pour down particles of ice, or frozen vapors.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hail</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To pour forcibly down, as hail.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hail</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Healthy. See <u>Hale</u> (the preferable spelling).</def></p>

<p><hw>Hail</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [OE. <i>hailen</i>, <i>heilen</i>, Icel. <i>heill</i> hale, sound, used in greeting. See <u>Hale</u> sound.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To call loudly to, or after; to accost; to salute; to address.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To name; to designate; to call.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>And such a son as all men <i>hailed</i> me happy.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hail</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To declare, by hailing, the port from which a vessel sails or where she is registered; hence, to sail; to come; — used with <i>from</i>; as, the steamer <i>hails</i> from New York.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To report as one's home or the place from whence one comes; to come; — with <i>from</i>.</def> [Colloq.] <i>C. G. Halpine.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hail</hw>, <pos><i>interj.</i></pos> [See <u>Hail</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>] <def>An exclamation of respectful or reverent salutation, or, occasionally, of familiar greeting.</def> "<i>Hail</i>, brave friend." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><col><b>All hail</b></col>. <cd>See in the Vocabulary.</cd> — <col><b>Hail Mary</b></col>, <cd>a form of prayer made use of in the Roman Catholic Church in invocation of the Virgin. See <u>Ave Maria</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Hail</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A wish of health; a salutation; a loud call.</def> "Their puissant <i>hail</i>." <i>M. Arnold.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The angel <i>hail</i> bestowed.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hail"-fel`low</hw> (-f&ebreve;l`l&osl;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>An intimate companion.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Hail-fellow</i> well met.</blockquote> <i>Lyly.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hailse</hw> (h&amacr;ls), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [OE. <i>hailsen</i>, Icel. <i>heilsa</i>. Cf. <u>Hail</u> to call to.] <def>To greet; to salute.</def> [Obs.] <i>P. Plowman.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hail"shot`</hw> (h&amacr;l"sh&obreve;t`), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> <def>Small shot which scatter like hailstones.</def> [Obs.] <i>Hayward.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hail"stone`</hw> (-st&omacr;n`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A single particle of ice falling from a cloud; a frozen raindrop; a pellet of hail.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hail"storm`</hw> (-st&ocirc;rm`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A storm accompanied with hail; a shower of hail.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hail"y</hw> (-&ybreve;), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of hail.</def> "<i>Haily</i> showers." <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hain</hw> (h&amacr;n), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [Cf. Sw. <i>h&auml;gn</i> hedge, inclosure, Dan. <i>hegn</i> hedge, fence. See <u>Hedge</u>.] <def>To inclose for mowing; to set aside for grass.</def> "A ground . . . <i>hained</i> in." <i>Holland.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hain't</hw> (h&amacr;nt). <def>A contraction of <i>have not</i> or <i>has not</i>; as, I <i>hain't</i>, he <i>hain't</i>, we <i>hain't</i>.</def> [Colloq. or illiterate speech.] [Written also <i>han't</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Hair</hw> (h&acirc;r), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>her</i>, <i>heer</i>, <i>h&aelig;r</i>, AS. <i>h&aemacr;r</i>; akin to OFries. <i>h&emacr;r</i>, D. & G. <i>haar</i>, OHG. & Icel. <i>h&amacr;r</i>, Dan. <i>haar</i>, Sw. <i>h&aring;r</i>; cf. Lith. <i>kasa</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The collection or mass of filaments growing from the skin of an animal, and forming a covering for a part of the head or for any part or the whole of the body.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>One the above-mentioned filaments, consisting, in vertebrate animals, of a long, tubular part which is free and flexible, and a bulbous root imbedded in the skin.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Then read he me how Sampson lost his <i>hairs</i>.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>And draweth new delights with hoary <i>hairs</i>.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Hair (human or animal) used for various purposes; as, <i>hair</i> for stuffing cushions.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A slender outgrowth from the chitinous cuticle of insects, spiders, crustaceans, and other invertebrates. Such hairs are totally unlike those of vertebrates in structure, composition, and mode of growth.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>An outgrowth of the epidermis, consisting of one or of several cells, whether pointed, hooked, knobbed, or stellated. Internal hairs occur in the flower stalk of the yellow frog lily (<i>Nuphar</i>).</def></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>A spring device used in a hair-trigger firearm.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <def>A haircloth.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>8.</b></sn> <def>Any very small distance, or degree; a hairbreadth.</def></p>

<p>&fist; <i>Hairs</i> is often used adjectively or in combination; as, <i>hair</i>brush or <i>hair</i> brush, <i>hair</i> dye, <i>hair</i> oil, <i>hair</i>pin, <i>hair</i> powder, a brush, a dye, etc., for the hair.</p>

<p><col><b>Against the hair</b></col>, <cd>in a rough and disagreeable manner; against the grain.</cd> [Obs.] "You go <i>against the hair</i> of your professions." <i>Shak.</i> — <col><b>Hair bracket</b></col> <i>(Ship Carp.)</i>, <cd>a molding which comes in at the back of, or runs aft from, the figurehead.</cd> — <col><b>Hair cells</b></col> <i>(Anat.)</i>, <cd>cells with hairlike processes in the sensory epithelium of certain parts of the internal ear.</cd> — <col><b>Hair compass</b></col>, <col><b>Hair divider</b></col>, <cd>a compass or divider capable of delicate adjustment by means of a screw.</cd> — <col><b>Hair glove</b></col>, <cd>a glove of horsehair for rubbing the skin.</cd> — <col><b>Hair lace</b></col>, <cd>a netted fillet for tying up the hair of the head.</cd> <i>Swift.</i> — <col><b>Hair line</b></col>, <cd>a line made of hair; a very slender line.</cd> — <col><b>Hair moth</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>any moth which destroys goods made of hair, esp. <i>Tinea biselliella</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Hair pencil</b></col>, <cd>a brush or pencil made of fine hair, for painting; — generally called by the name of the hair used; as, a camel's <i>hair pencil</i>, a sable's <i>hair pencil</i>, etc.</cd> - - <col><b>Hair plate</b></col>, <cd>an iron plate forming the back of the hearth of a bloomery fire.</cd> — <col><b>Hair powder</b></col>, <cd>a white perfumed powder, as of flour or starch, formerly much used for sprinkling on the hair of the head, or on wigs.</cd> — <col><b>Hair seal</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>any one of several species of eared seals which do not produce fur; a sea lion.</cd> — <col><b>Hair seating</b></col>, <cd>haircloth for seats of chairs, etc.</cd> — <col><b>Hair shirt</b></col>, <cd>a shirt, or a band for the loins, made of horsehair, and worn as a penance.</cd> — <col><b>Hair sieve</b></col>, <cd>a strainer with a haircloth bottom.</cd> — <col><b>Hair snake</b></col>. <cd>See <u>Gordius</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Hair space</b></col> <i>(Printing)</i>, <cd>the thinnest metal space used in lines of type.</cd> — <col><b>Hair stroke</b></col>, <cd>a delicate stroke in writing.</cd> — <col><b>Hair trigger</b></col>, <cd>a trigger so constructed as to discharge a firearm by a very slight pressure, as by the touch of a hair.</cd> <i>Farrow.</i> — <col><b>Not worth a hair</b></col>, <cd>of no value.</cd> — <col><b>To a hair</b></col>, <cd>with the nicest distinction.</cd> — <col><b>To split hairs</b></col>, <cd>to make distinctions of useless nicety.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Hair"bell`</hw> (h&acirc;r"b&ebreve;l`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>See <u>Harebell</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hair"bird`</hw> (-b&etilde;rd), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The chipping sparrow.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hair"brained`</hw> (-br&amacr;nd`), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Harebrained</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hair"breadth`</hw> (-br&ebreve;dth), <hw>Hair's" breadth`</hw> (h&acirc;rz"). <def>The diameter or breadth of a hair; a very small distance; sometimes, definitely, the forty-eighth part of an inch.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Every one could sling stones at an <i>hairbreadth</i> and not miss.</blockquote> <i>Judg. xx. 16.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hair"breadth`</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having the breadth of a hair; very narrow; as, a <i>hairbreadth</i> escape.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hair"-brown`</hw> (-broun`), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of a clear tint of brown, resembling brown human hair. It is composed of equal proportions of red and green.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hair"brush`</hw> (-br&ubreve;sh`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A brush for cleansing and smoothing the hair.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hair"cloth`</hw> (-kl&obreve;th`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Stuff or cloth made wholly or in part of hair.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hair"dress`er</hw> (-dr&ebreve;s`&etilde;r), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who dresses or cuts hair; a barber.</def></p>

<p><hw>Haired</hw> (h&acirc;rd), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Having hair.</def> "A beast <i>haired</i> like a bear." <i>Purchas.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>In composition: Having (such) hair; as, red-<i>haired</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hai"ren</hw> (h&acirc;r"<i>e</i>n), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [AS. <i>h&aemacr;ren</i>.] <def>Hairy.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>His <i>hairen</i> shirt and his ascetic diet.</blockquote> <i>J. Taylor.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hair" grass`</hw> (gr&adot;s`). <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A grass with very slender leaves or branches; as the <i>Agrostis scabra</i>, and several species of <i>Aira</i> or <i>Deschampsia</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hair"i*ness</hw> (-&ibreve;*n&ebreve;s), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The state of abounding, or being covered, with hair.</def> <i>Johnson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hair"less</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Destitute of hair.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hair"pin`</hw> (-p&ibreve;n`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A pin, usually forked, or of bent wire, for fastening the hair in place, — used by women.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hair"-salt`</hw> (-s&add;lt`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [A translation of G. <i>haarsalz</i>.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>A variety of native Epsom salt occurring in silky fibers.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hair"split`ter</hw> (-spl&ibreve;t`t&etilde;r), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who makes excessively nice or needless distinctions in reasoning; one who quibbles.</def> "The caviling <i>hairsplitter</i>." <i>De Quincey.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hair"split`ting</hw> (-t&ibreve;ng), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Making excessively nice or trivial distinctions in reasoning; subtle.</def> — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The act or practice of making trivial distinctions.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The ancient <i>hairsplitting</i> technicalities of special pleading.</blockquote> <i>Charles Sumner.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hair"spring`</hw> (-spr&ibreve;ng`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Horology)</i> <def>The slender recoil spring which regulates the motion of the balance in a timepiece.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hair"streak`</hw> (-str&emacr;k`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A butterfly of the genus <i>Thecla</i>; as, the green <i>hairstreak</i> (<i>T. rubi</i>).</def></p>

<p><hw>Hair"tail`</hw> (-t&amacr;l`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any species of marine fishes of the genus <i>Trichiurus</i>; esp., <i>T. lepturus</i> of Europe and America. They are long and like a band, with a slender, pointed tail. Called also <i>bladefish</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hair" worm`</hw> (w&ucirc;rm`). <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A nematoid worm of the genus <i>Gordius</i>, resembling a hair. See <u>Gordius</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hair"y</hw> (-&ybreve;), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Bearing or covered with hair; made of or resembling hair; rough with hair; hirsute.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>His mantle <i>hairy</i>, and his bonnet sedge.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hai"ti*an</hw> (h&amacr;"t&ibreve;*<i>a</i>n), <pos><i>a. & n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Haytian</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ha"je</hw> (h&auml;"j&esl;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Ar. <i>hayya</i> snake.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The Egyptian asp or cobra (<i>Naja haje</i>.) It is related to the cobra of India, and like the latter has the power of inflating its neck into a hood. Its bite is very venomous. It is supposed to be the snake by means of whose bite Cleopatra committed suicide, and hence is sometimes called <i>Cleopatra's snake</i> or <i>asp</i>. See <u>Asp</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hake</hw> (h&amacr;k), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Hatch</u> a half door.] <def>A drying shed, as for unburned tile.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hake</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Also <i>haak</i>.] [Akin to Norweg. <i>hake</i>fisk, lit., hook fish, Prov. E. <i>hake</i> hook, G. <i>hecht</i> pike. See <u>Hook</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of several species of marine gadoid fishes, of the genera <i>Phycis</i>, <i>Merlucius</i>, and allies. The common European hake is <i>M. vulgaris</i>; the American silver hake or whiting is <i>M. bilinearis</i>. Two American species (<i>Phycis chuss</i> and <i>P. tenius</i>) are important food fishes, and are also valued for their oil and sounds. Called also <i>squirrel hake</i>, and <i>codling</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hake</hw> (h&amacr;k), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To loiter; to sneak.</def> [Prov. Eng.]</p>

<p><hw>Hake's"-dame`</hw> (h&amacr;ks"d&amacr;m`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Forkbeard</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hak"e*ton</hw> (h&abreve;k"&esl;*t&obreve;n), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Acton</u>.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>||Ha*kim"</hw> (h&adot;*k&emacr;m"), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Ar. <i>hak&imacr;m</i>.] <def>A wise man; a physician, esp. a Mohammedan.</def> [India]</p>

<p><hw>||Ha"kim</hw> (h&auml;"k&emacr;m), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Ar. <i>h&amacr;kim</i>.] <def>A Mohammedan title for a ruler; a judge.</def> [India]</p>

<p><hw>Ha*la"cha</hw> (h&adot;*l&auml;"k&adot;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Halachoth</b></plw> (- k&omacr;th). [Heb. <i>hal&amacr;ch&amacr;h</i>.] <def>The general term for the Hebrew oral or traditional law; one of two branches of exposition in the Midrash. See <u>Midrash</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ha*la"tion</hw> (h&asl;*l&amacr;"sh&ubreve;n), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Photog.)</i> <def>An appearance as of a halo of light, surrounding the edges of dark objects in a photographic picture.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hal"berd</hw> (h&obreve;l"b&etilde;rd; 277), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>hallebarde</i>; of German origin; cf. MHG. <i>helmbarte</i>, G. <i>hellebarte</i>; prob. orig., an ax to split a helmet, fr. G. <i>barte</i> a broad ax (orig. from the same source as E. <i>beard</i>; cf. Icel. <i>bar&eth;a</i>, a kind of ax, <i>skegg</i> beard, <i>skeggja</i> a kind of halberd) + <i>helm</i> helmet; but cf. also MHG. <i>helm</i>, <i>halm</i>, handle, and E. <i>helve</i>. See <u>Beard</u>, <u>Helmet</u>.] <i>(Mil.)</i> <def>An ancient long-handled weapon, of which the head had a point and several long, sharp edges, curved or straight, and sometimes additional points. The heads were sometimes of very elaborate form.</def> [Written also <i>halbert</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Hal`berd*ier"</hw> (h&obreve;`b&etilde;rd*&emacr;r"), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>hallebardier</i>.] <def>One who is armed with a halberd.</def> <i>Strype.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hal"berd-shaped`</hw> (-sh&amacr;pt`), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Hastate.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hal"cy*on</hw> (h&abreve;l"s&ibreve;*&obreve;n), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>halcyon</i>, <i>alcyon</i>, Gr. <grk>"alkyw`n</grk>, <grk>'alkyw`n</grk>: cf. F. <i>halcyon</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A kingfisher. By modern ornithologists restricted to a genus including a limited number of species having omnivorous habits, as the sacred kingfisher (<i>Halcyon sancta</i>) of Australia.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Amidst our arms as quiet you shall be<BR> As <i>halcyons</i> brooding on a winter sea.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hal"cy*on</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Pertaining to, or resembling, the halcyon, which was anciently said to lay her eggs in nests on or near the sea during the calm weather about the winter solstice.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Hence: Calm; quiet; peaceful; undisturbed; happy.</def> "Deep, <i>halcyon</i> repose." <i>De Quincy.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hal`cy*o"ni*an</hw> (h&abreve;l`s&ibreve;*&omacr;"n&ibreve;*<i>a</i>n), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Halcyon; calm.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hal"cy*o*noid</hw> (h&abreve;l"s&ibreve;*&osl;*noid), <pos><i>a. & n.</i></pos> [<i>Halcyon</i> + <i>-oid</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>See <u>Alcyonoid</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hale</hw> (h&amacr;l), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Written also <i>hail</i>.] [OE. <i>heil</i>, Icel. <i>heill</i>; akin to E. <i>whole</i>. See <u>Whole</u>.] <def>Sound; entire; healthy; robust; not impaired; as, a <i>hale</i> body.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Last year we thought him strong and <i>hale</i>.</blockquote> <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hale</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Welfare.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>All heedless of his dearest <i>hale</i>.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hale</hw> (h&amacr;l or h&add;l; 277), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Haled</u> (h&amacr;ld or h&add;ld); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Haling</u>.] [OE. <i>halen</i>, <i>halien</i>; cf. AS. <i>holian</i>, to acquire, get. See <u>Haul</u>.] <def>To pull; to drag; to haul.</def> See <u>Haul</u>. <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Easier both to freight, and to <i>hale</i> ashore.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>As some dark priest <i>hales</i> the reluctant victim.</blockquote> <i>Shelley.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Ha*le"si*a</hw> (h&adot;*l&emacr;"zh&ibreve;*&adot;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A genus of American shrubs containing several species, called <i>snowdrop trees</i>, or silver-bell trees. They have showy, white flowers, drooping on slender pedicels.</def></p>

<p><hw>Half</hw> (h&auml;f), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [AS. <i>healf</i>, <i>half</i>, half; as a noun, half, side, part; akin to OS., OFries., & D. <i>half</i>, G. <i>halb</i>, Sw. <i>half</i>, Dan. <i>halv</i>, Icel. <i>h&amacr;lfr</i>, Goth. <i>halbs</i>. Cf. <u>Halve</u>, <u>Behalf</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Consisting of a moiety, or half; as, a <i>half</i> bushel; a <i>half</i> hour; a <i>half</i> dollar; a <i>half</i> view.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The adjective and noun are often united to form a compound.</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Consisting of some indefinite portion resembling a half; approximately a half, whether more or less; partial; imperfect; as, a <i>half</i> dream; <i>half</i> knowledge.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Assumed from thence a <i>half</i> consent.</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Half ape</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a lemur.</cd> — <col><b>Half back</b></col>. <i>(Football)</i> <cd>See under 2d <u>Back</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Half bent</b></col>, <cd>the first notch, for the sear point to enter, in the tumbler of a gunlock; the halfcock notch.</cd> — <col><b>Half binding</b></col>, <cd>a style of bookbinding in which only the back and corners are in leather.</cd> — <col><b>Half boarder</b></col>, <cd>one who boards in part; specifically, a scholar at a boarding school who takes dinner only.</cd> — <col><b>Half-breadth plan</b></col> <i>(Shipbuilding)</i>, <cd>a horizontal plan of one half a vessel, divided lengthwise, showing the lines.</cd> — <col><b>Half cadence</b></col> <i>(Mus.)</i>, <cd>a cadence on the dominant.</cd> — <col><b>Half cap</b></col>, <cd>a slight salute with the cap.</cd> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i> — <col><b>At half cock</b></col>, <cd>the position of the cock of a gun when retained by the first notch.</cd> — <col><b>Half hitch</b></col>, <cd>a sailor's knot in a rope; half of a clove hitch.</cd> — <col><b>Half hose</b></col>, <cd>short stockings; socks.</cd> — <col><b>Half measure</b></col>, <cd>an imperfect or weak line of action.</cd> — <col><b>Half note</b></col> <i>(Mus.)</i>, <cd>a minim, one half of a semibreve.</cd> — <col><b>Half pay</b></col>, <cd>half of the wages or salary; reduced pay; as, an officer on <i>half pay</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Half price</b></col>, <cd>half the ordinary price; or a price much reduced.</cd> — <col><b>Half round</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <i>(Arch.)</i> <cd>A molding of semicircular section.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <i>(Mech.)</i> <cd>Having one side flat and the other rounded; — said of a file.</cd> — <col><b>Half shift</b></col> <i>(Mus.)</i>, <cd>a position of the hand, between the open position and the first shift, in playing on the violin and kindred instruments. See <u>Shift</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Half step</b></col> <i>(Mus.)</i>, <cd>a semitone; the smallest difference of pitch or interval, used in music.</cd> — <col><b>Half tide</b></col>, <cd>the time or state of the tide equally distant from ebb and flood.</cd> — <col><b>Half time</b></col>, <cd>half the ordinary time for work or attendance; as, the <i>half-time</i> system.</cd> — <col><b>Half tint</b></col> <i>(Fine Arts)</i>, <cd>a middle or intermediate tint, as in drawing or painting. See <u>Demitint</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Half truth</b></col>, <cd>a statement only partially true, or which gives only a part of the truth.</cd> <i>Mrs. Browning.</i> — <col><b>Half year</b></col>, <cd>the space of six months; one term of a school when there are two terms in a year.</cd></p>

<p><! p. 665 pr=JMD !></p>

<p><hw>Half</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In an equal part or degree; in some part approximating a half; partially; imperfectly; as, <i>half</i>-colored, <i>half</i> done, <i>half</i>-hearted, <i>half</i> persuaded, <i>half</i> conscious.</def> "<i>Half</i> loth and <i>half</i> consenting." <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Their children spoke <i>half</i>in the speech of Ashdod.</blockquote> <i>Neh. xiii. 24.</i></p>

<p><hw>Half</hw> (h&auml;f), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Halves</b></plw> (h&auml;vz). [AS. <i>healf</i>. See <u>Half</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Part; side; behalf.</def> [Obs.] <i>Wyclif.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The four <i>halves</i> of the house.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>One of two equal parts into which anything may be divided, or considered as divided; — sometimes followed by <i>of</i>; as, a <i>half</i> of an apple.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Not <i>half</i> his riches known, and yet despised.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>A friendship so complete<BR> Portioned in <i>halves</i> between us.</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Better half</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Better</u>.</cd> - - <col><b>In half</b></col>, <cd>in two; an expression sometimes used improperly instead of <i>in or into halves</i>; as, to cut <i>in half</i>.</cd> [Colloq.] <i>Dickens.</i> — <col><b>In, or On</b></col>, <col><b>one's half</b></col>, <cd>in one's behalf; on one's part.</cd> [Obs.] — <col><b>To cry halves</b></col>, <cd>to claim an equal share with another.</cd> — <col><b>To go halves</b></col>, <cd>to share equally between two.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Half</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To halve. [Obs.] See <u>Halve</u>.</def> <i>Sir H. Wotton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Half`-and-half"</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A mixture of two malt liquors, esp. porter and ale, in about equal parts.</def> <i>Dickens.</i></p>

<p><hw>Half"beak`</hw> (h&auml;f"b&emacr;k`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any slender, marine fish of the genus <i>Hemirhamphus</i>, having the upper jaw much shorter than the lower; — called also <i>balahoo</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Half" blood`</hw> (bl&ubreve;d). <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The relation between persons born of the same father or of the same mother, but not of both; as, a brother or sister of the <i>half blood</i>. See <u>Blood</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, 2 and 4.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A person so related to another.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A person whose father and mother are of different races; a half-breed.</def></p>

<p>&fist; In the 2d and 3d senses usually with a hyphen.</p>

<p><hw>Half"-blood`ed</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Proceeding from a male and female of different breeds or races; having only one parent of good stock; as, a <i>half-blooded</i> sheep.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Degenerate; mean.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Half"-boot`</hw> (-b&oomac;t`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A boot with a short top covering only the ankle. See <u>Cocker</u>, and <i>Congress boot</i>, under <u>Congress</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Half"-bound`</hw> (-bound`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Having only the back and corners in leather, as a book.</def></p>

<p><hw>Half"-bred`</hw> (-br&ebreve;d`), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Half-blooded.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Imperfectly acquainted with the rules of good-breeding; not well trained.</def> <i>Atterbury.</i></p>

<p><hw>Half"-breed`</hw> (-br&emacr;d`), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Half-blooded.</def></p>

<p><hw>Half"-breed`</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A person who is half-blooded; the offspring of parents of different races, especially of the American Indian and the white race.</def></p>

<p><hw>Half"-broth`er</hw> (-br&ubreve;th`&etilde;r), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A brother by one parent, but not by both.</def></p>

<p><hw>Half"-caste`</hw> (-k&adot;st), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One born of a European parent on the one side, and of a Hindoo or Mohammedan on the other. Also adjective; as, <i>half-caste</i> parents.</def></p>

<p><hw>Half"-clammed`</hw> (-kl&abreve;md`), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Half-filled.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Lions' <i>half-clammed</i> entrails roar for food.</blockquote> <i>Marston.</i></p>

<p><hw>Half"cock`</hw> (-k&obreve;k`), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Halfcocked</u>(-k&obreve;kt); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Halfcocking</u>.] <def>To set the cock of (a firearm) at the first notch.</def></p>

<p><col><b>To go off halfcocked</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>To be discharged prematurely, or with the trigger at half cock; — said of a firearm.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>To do or say something without due thought or care.</cd> [Colloq. or Low]</p>

<p><hw>Half"-cracked`</hw> (-kr&abreve;kt`), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Half-demented; half-witted.</def> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><hw>Half"-deck`</hw> (-d&ebreve;k`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A shell of the genus <i>Crepidula</i>; a boat shell. See <u>Boat shell</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>See <i>Half deck</i>, under <u>Deck</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Half"-decked`</hw> (-d&ebreve;kt), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Partially decked.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>half-decked</i> craft . . . used by the latter Vikings.</blockquote> <i>Elton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Half"en</hw> (-'n), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [From <u>Half</u>.] <def>Wanting half its due qualities.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Half"en*deal`</hw> (-'n*d&emacr;l`), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> [OE. <i>halfendele</i>. See <u>Half</u>, and <u>Deal</u>.] <def>Half; by the half part.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i> — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A half part.</def> [Obs.] <i>R. of Brunne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Half"er</hw> (-&etilde;r), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who possesses or gives half only; one who shares.</def> [Obs.] <i>Bp. Montagu.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A male fallow deer gelded.</def> <i>Pegge (1814).</i></p>

<p><hw>Half"-faced`</hw> (-f&amacr;st`), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Showing only part of the face; wretched looking; meager.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Half"-fish`</hw> (-f&ibreve;sh`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A salmon in its fifth year of growth.</def> [Prov. Eng.]</p>

<p><hw>Half"-hatched`</hw> (-h&abreve;cht`), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Imperfectly hatched; as, <i>half-hatched</i> eggs.</def> <i>Gay.</i></p>

<p><hw>Half"-heard`</hw> (-h&etilde;rd`), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Imperfectly or partly heard; not heard to the end.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>And leave <i>half-heard</i> the melancholy tale.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><hw>Half"-heart`ed</hw> (-h&auml;rt`&ebreve;d), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Wanting in heart or spirit; ungenerous; unkind.</def> <i>B. Jonson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Lacking zeal or courage; lukewarm.</def> <i>H. James.</i></p>

<p><hw>Half"-hour`ly</hw> (-our`l&ybreve;), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Done or happening at intervals of half an hour.</def></p>

<p><hw>Half"-learned`</hw> (h&auml;f"l&etilde;rnd`), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Imperfectly learned.</def></p>

<p><hw>Half"-length`</hw> (-l&ebreve;ngth`), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of half the whole or ordinary length, as a picture.</def></p>

<p><hw>Half"-mast`</hw> (-m&adot;st`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A point some distance below the top of a mast or staff; as, a flag a <i>half-mast</i> (a token of mourning, etc.).</def></p>

<p><hw>Half"-moon`</hw> (-m&oomac;n`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The moon at the quarters, when half its disk appears illuminated.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The shape of a half-moon; a crescent.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>See how in warlike muster they appear,<BR> In rhombs, and wedges, and <i>half-moons</i>, and wings.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Fort.)</i> <def>An outwork composed of two faces, forming a salient angle whose gorge resembles a half-moon; — now called a <i>ravelin</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A marine, sparoid, food fish of California (<i>C&aelig;siosoma Californiense</i>). The body is ovate, blackish above, blue or gray below. Called also <i>medialuna</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Half"ness</hw> (h&auml;f"n&ebreve;s), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality of being half; incompleteness.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>As soon as there is any departure from simplicity, and attempt at <i>halfness</i>, or good for me that is not good for him, my neighbor feels the wrong.</blockquote> <i>Emerson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Half"pace`</hw> (-p&amacr;s`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>A platform of a staircase where the stair turns back in exactly the reverse direction of the lower flight. See <u>Quarterpace</u>.</def></p>

<p>&fist; This term and <i>quarterpace</i> are rare or unknown in the United States, <i>platform</i> or <i>landing</i> being used instead.</p>

<p><hw>Half"-pen*ny</hw>(h&amacr;"p&ebreve;n*n&ybreve; or h&auml;f"-; 277),<pos><i>n.</i></pos>;<i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Half-pence</b></plw> (- p<i>e</i>ns) or <plw><b>Half-pennies</b></plw>(- p&ebreve;n*n&ibreve;z). <def>An English coin of the value of half a penny; also, the value of half a penny.</def></p>

<p><hw>Half"-pike`</hw> (h&auml;f"p&imacr;k`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Mil.)</i> <def>A short pike, sometimes carried by officers of infantry, sometimes used in boarding ships; a spontoon.</def> <i>Tatler.</i></p>

<p><hw>Half"-port`</hw> (-p&omacr;rt`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>One half of a shutter made in two parts for closing a porthole.</def></p>

<p><hw>Half"-ray`</hw> (-r&amacr;`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Geom.)</i> <def>A straight line considered as drawn from a center to an indefinite distance in one direction, the complete ray being the whole line drawn to an indefinite distance in both directions.</def> </p>

<p><hw>Half"-read`</hw> (-r&ebreve;d`), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Informed by insufficient reading; superficial; shallow.</def> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Half" seas` o"ver</hw> (s&emacr;z` &omacr;"v&etilde;r). <def>Half drunk.</def> [Slang: used only predicatively.] <i>Spectator.</i></p>

<p><hw>Half"-sight`ed</hw> (-s&imacr;t`&ebreve;d), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Seeing imperfectly; having weak discernment.</def> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><hw>Half"-sis`ter</hw> (-s&ibreve;s`t&etilde;r), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A sister by one parent only.</def></p>

<p><hw>Half"-strained`</hw> (-str&amacr;nd`), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Half-bred; imperfect.</def> [R.] "A <i>half-strained</i> villain." <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Half"-sword`</hw> (-s&omacr;rd`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Half the length of a sword; close fight.</def> "At <i>half- sword</i>." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Half"-tim`bered</hw> (-t&ibreve;m`b&etilde;rd), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>Constructed of a timber frame, having the spaces filled in with masonry; — said of buildings.</def></p>

<p><hw>Half"-tongue`</hw> (-t&ubreve;ng`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(O. Law)</i> <def>A jury, for the trial of a foreigner, composed equally of citizens and aliens.</def></p>

<p><hw>Half"way`</hw> (h&auml;f"w&amacr;`), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In the middle; at half the distance; imperfectly; partially; as, he <i>halfway</i> yielded.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Temples proud to meet their gods <i>halfway</i>.</blockquote> <i>Young.</i></p>

<p><hw>Half"way`</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Equally distant from the extremes; situated at an intermediate point; midway.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Halfway covenant</b></col>, <cd>a practice among the Congregational churches of New England, between 1657 and 1662, of permitting baptized persons of moral life and orthodox faith to enjoy all the privileges of church membership, save the partaking of the Lord's Supper. They were also allowed to present their children for baptism.</cd> — <col><b>Halfway house</b></col>, <cd>an inn or place of call midway on a journey.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Half"-wit`</hw> (-w&ibreve;t`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A foolish person; a dolt; a blockhead; a dunce.</def> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Half"-wit`ted</hw> (-t&ebreve;d), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Weak in intellect; silly.</def></p>

<p><hw>Half"-year`ly</hw> (-y&emacr;r`l&ybreve;), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Two in a year; semiannual.</def> — <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>Twice in a year; semiannually.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hal"i*but</hw> (h&obreve;l"&ibreve;*b&ubreve;t; 277), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>hali</i> holy + <i>but</i>, <i>butte</i>, flounder; akin to D. <i>bot</i>, G. <i>butte</i>; cf. D. <i>heilbot</i>, G. <i>heilbutt</i>. So named as being eaten on holidays. See <u>Holy</u>, <u>Holiday</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A large, northern, marine flatfish (<i>Hippoglossus vulgaris</i>), of the family <i>Pleuronectid&aelig;</i>. It often grows very large, weighing more than three hundred pounds. It is an important food fish.</def> [Written also <i>holibut</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>||Hal`i*chon"dri*&aelig;</hw> (h&abreve;l`&ibreve;*k&obreve;n"dr&ibreve;*&emacr;), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. <grk>"a`ls</grk>, <grk>"alo`s</grk>, sea + <grk>cho`ndros</grk> cartilage.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>An order of sponges, having simple siliceous spicules and keratose fibers; — called also <i>Keratosilicoidea</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Hal"i*core</hw> (h&abreve;l"&ibreve;*k&omacr;r; L. h&adot;*l&ibreve;k"&osl;*r&emacr;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. <grk>"a`ls</grk> sea + <grk>ko`rh</grk> maiden.] <def>Same as <u>Dugong</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hal"i*dom</hw> (h&abreve;l"&ibreve;*d&ubreve;m), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>h&amacr;ligd&omacr;m</i> holiness, sacrament, sanctuary, relics; <i>h&amacr;lig</i> holy + <i>- d&omacr;m</i>, E. <i>-dom</i>. See <u>Holy</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Holiness; sanctity; sacred oath; sacred things; sanctuary; — used chiefly in oaths.</def> [Archaic]</p>

<p><blockquote>So God me help and <i>halidom</i>.</blockquote> <i>Piers Plowman.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>By my <i>halidom</i>, I was fast asleep.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Holy doom; the Last Day.</def> [R.] <i>Shipley.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hal`i*eu"tics</hw> (-&umacr;"t&ibreve;ks), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>halieuticus</i> pertaining to fishing, Gr. <grk>"alieytiko`s</grk>.] <def>A treatise upon fish or the art of fishing; ichthyology.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hal"i*mas</hw> (-m&abreve;s), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See <u>Hallowmas</u>.] <def>The feast of All Saints; Hallowmas.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Ha`li*og"ra*pher</hw> (h&amacr;`l&ibreve;*&obreve;g"r&adot;*f&etilde;r or h&abreve;l`&ibreve;-), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who writes about or describes the sea.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ha`li*og"ra*phy</hw> (-f&ybreve;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>"a`ls</grk> the sea + <i>-graphy</i>.] <def>Description of the sea; the science that treats of the sea.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Ha`li*o"tis</hw> (h&amacr;`l&ibreve;*&omacr;"t&ibreve;s or h&abreve;l`&ibreve;-), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. <grk>"a`ls</grk> sea + <grk>o'y^s</grk>, <grk>'wto`s</grk>, ear.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A genus of marine shells; the ear-shells. See <u>Abalone</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ha"li*o*toid`</hw> (h&amacr;"l&ibreve;*&osl;*toid` or h&abreve;l"&ibreve;-), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Haliotis</i> + <i>- oid</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Like or pertaining to the genus <i>Haliotis</i>; ear-shaped.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Hal`i*sau"ri*a</hw> (h&abreve;l`&ibreve;*s&add;"r&ibreve;*&adot;), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. <grk>"a`ls</grk>, <grk>"alo`s</grk>, sea + <grk>say^ros</grk>.] <i>(Paleon.)</i> <def>The Enaliosauria.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ha"lite</hw> (h&amacr;"l&imacr;t or h&abreve;l"&imacr;t), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>"a`ls</grk> salt.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>Native salt; sodium chloride.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ha*lit"u*ous</hw> (h&adot;*l&ibreve;t"&usl;*&ubreve;s; 135), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>halitus</i> breath, vapor, fr. <i>halare</i> to breathe: cf. F. <i>halitueux</i>.] <def>Produced by, or like, breath; vaporous.</def> <i>Boyle.</i></p>

<p><hw>Halk</hw> (h&add;k), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A nook; a corner.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hall</hw> (h&add;l), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>halle</i>, <i>hal</i>, AS. <i>heal</i>, <i>heall</i>; akin to D. <i>hal</i>, OS. & OHG. <i>halla</i>, G. <i>halle</i>, Icel. <i>h&ouml;ll</i>, and prob. from a root meaning, to hide, conceal, cover. See <u>Hell</u>, <u>Helmet</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A building or room of considerable size and stateliness, used for public purposes; as, Westminster <i>Hall</i>, in London.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The chief room in a castle or manor house, and in early times the only public room, serving as the place of gathering for the lord's family with the retainers and servants, also for cooking and eating. It was often contrasted with the <i>bower</i>, which was the private or sleeping apartment.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Full sooty was her bower and eke her <i>hall</i>.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p>Hence, as the entrance from outside was directly into the hall: <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A vestibule, entrance room, etc., in the more elaborated buildings of later times.</def> Hence: <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <def>Any corridor or passage in a building.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A name given to many manor houses because the magistrate's court was held in the hall of his mansion; a chief mansion house.</def> <i>Cowell.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>A college in an English university (at Oxford, an unendowed college).</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>The apartment in which English university students dine in common; hence, the dinner itself; as, <i>hall</i> is at six o'clock.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>Cleared passageway in a crowd; — formerly an exclamation.</def> [Obs.] "A <i>hall</i>! a <i>hall</i>!" <i>B. Jonson.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Entry; court; passage. See <u>Vestibule</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Hall"age</hw> (-&asl;j; 48), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(O. Eng. Law)</i> <def>A fee or toll paid for goods sold in a hall.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Hal`le*lu"iah</hw> <hw>Hal`le*lu"jah</hw> } (h&abreve;l`l&esl;*l&umacr;"y&adot;), <pos><i>n. & interj.</i></pos> [Heb. See <u>Alleluia</u>.] <def>Praise ye Jehovah; praise ye the Lord; — an exclamation used chiefly in songs of praise or thanksgiving to God, and as an expression of gratitude or adoration.</def> <i>Rev. xix. 1 (Rev. Ver.)</i></p>

<p><blockquote>So sung they, and the empyrean rung<BR> With <i>Hallelujahs</i>.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>In those days, as St. Jerome tells us,"any one as he walked in the fields, might hear the plowman at his <i>hallelujahs</i>."</blockquote> <i>Sharp.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hal`le*lu*jat"ic</hw> (-l&usl;*y&abreve;t"&ibreve;k), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pertaining to, or containing, hallelujahs.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Hal"liard</hw> (h&abreve;l"y&etilde;rd), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Halyard</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hal"li*dome</hw> (h&abreve;l"l&ibreve;*d&omacr;m), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Halidom</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hal"li*er</hw> (h&abreve;l"l&ibreve;*&etilde;r or h&add;l"y&etilde;r), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From <u>Hale</u> to pull.] <def>A kind of net for catching birds.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hall"-mark`</hw> (h&add;l"m&auml;rk`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The official stamp of the Goldsmiths' Company and other assay offices, in the United Kingdom, on gold and silver articles, attesting their purity. Also used figuratively; — as, a word or phrase lacks the <i>hall-mark</i> of the best writers.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hal*loa"</hw> (h&abreve;l*l&omacr;"). <def>See <u>Halloo</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hal*loo"</hw> (h&abreve;l*l&oomac;"), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Perh. fr. <i>ah</i> + <i>lo</i>; cf. AS. <i>eal&amacr;</i>, G. <i>halloh</i>, F. <i>haler</i> to set (a dog) on. Cf. <u>Hollo</u>, <i>interj</i>.] <def>A loud exclamation; a call to invite attention or to incite a person or an animal; a shout.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>List! List! I hear<BR> Some far off <i>halloo</i> break the silent air.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hal*loo"</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Hallooed</u> (-l&oomac;d"); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Hallooing</u>.] <def>To cry out; to exclaim with a loud voice; to call to a person, as by the word <i>halloo</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Country folks <i>hallooed</i> and hooted after me.</blockquote> <i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hal*loo"</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To encourage with shouts.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Old John <i>hallooes</i> his hounds again.</blockquote> <i>Prior.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To chase with shouts or outcries.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>If I fly . . . <i>Halloo</i> me like a hare.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To call or shout to; to hail.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hal*loo"</hw>, <pos><i>interj.</i></pos> [OE. <i>halow</i>. See <u>Halloo</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <def>An exclamation to call attention or to encourage one.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hal"low</hw> (h&abreve;l"l&osl;), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Hallowed</u>(-l&osl;d); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Hallowing</u>.] [OE. <i>halowen</i>, <i>halwien</i>, <i>halgien</i>, AS. <i>h&amacr;lgian</i>, fr. <i>h&amacr;lig</i> holy. See <u>Holy</u>.] <def>To make holy; to set apart for holy or religious use; to consecrate; to treat or keep as sacred; to reverence.</def> "<i>Hallowed</i> be thy name." <i>Matt. vi. 9.</i></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Hallow</i> the Sabbath day, to do no work therein.</blockquote> <i>Jer. xvii. 24.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>His secret altar touched with <i>hallowed</i> fire.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>In a larger sense . . . we can not <i>hallow</i> this ground [Gettysburg].</blockquote> <i>A. Lincoln.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hal`low*een"</hw> (h&abreve;l`l&osl;*&emacr;n"), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The evening preceding Allhallows or All Saints' Day.</def> [Scot.] <i>Burns.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hal"low*mas</hw> (h&abreve;l"l&osl;*m&adot;s), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Mass</u> the eucharist.] <def>The feast of All Saints, or Allhallows.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>To speak puling, like a beggar at <i>Hallowmas</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hal*loy"site</hw> (h&abreve;l*loi"s&imacr;t), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Named after Omalius d'<i>Halloy</i>.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>A claylike mineral, occurring in soft, smooth, amorphous masses, of a whitish color.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hal"lu*cal</hw> (h&abreve;l"l&usl;*k<i>a</i>l), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to the hallux.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hal*lu"ci*nate</hw> (h&abreve;l*l&umacr;"s&ibreve;*n&amacr;t), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [L. <i>hallucinatus</i>, <i>alucinatus</i>, p. p. of <i>hallucinari</i>, <i>alucinari</i>, to wander in mind, talk idly, dream.] <def>To wander; to go astray; to err; to blunder; — used of mental processes.</def> [R.] <i>Byron.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hal*lu`ci*na"tion</hw> (-n&amacr;"sh&ubreve;n), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>hallucinatio</i>: cf. F. <i>hallucination</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of hallucinating; a wandering of the mind; error; mistake; a blunder.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>This must have been the <i>hallucination</i> of the transcriber.</blockquote> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><! p. 666 pr=JMD !></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>The perception of objects which have no reality, or of sensations which have no corresponding external cause, arising from disorder of the nervous system, as in delirium tremens; delusion.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Hallucinations</i> are always evidence of cerebral derangement and are common phenomena of insanity.</blockquote> <i>W. A. Hammond.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hal*lu"ci*na`tor</hw> (h&abreve;l*l&umacr;"s&ibreve;*n&amacr;`t&etilde;r), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L.] <def>One whose judgment and acts are affected by hallucinations; one who errs on account of his hallucinations.</def> <i>N. Brit. Rev.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hal*lu"ci*na*to*ry</hw> (-n&adot;*t&osl;*r&ybreve;), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Partaking of, or tending to produce, hallucination.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Hal"lux</hw> (h&abreve;l"l&ubreve;ks), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. L. <i>hallex</i>, <i>allex</i>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>The first, or preaxial, digit of the hind limb, corresponding to the pollux in the fore limb; the great toe; the hind toe of birds.</def></p>

<p><hw>Halm</hw> (h&add;m), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Haulm</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Hal"ma</hw> (h&abreve;l"m&adot;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. <grk>"a`lma</grk>, fr. <grk>"a`llesqai</grk> to leap.] <i>(Greek Antiq.)</i> <def>The long jump, with weights in the hands, — the most important of the exercises of the Pentathlon.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ha"lo</hw> (h&amacr;"l&osl;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Halos</b></plw> (-l&omacr;z). [L. <i>halos</i>, acc. <i>halo</i>, Gr. <grk>"a`lws</grk> a thrashing floor, also (from its round shape) the disk of the sun or moon, and later a halo round it; cf. Gr. <grk>e'ily`ein</grk> to enfold, <grk>'ely`ein</grk> to roll round, L. <i>volvere</i>, and E. <i>voluble</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A luminous circle, usually prismatically colored, round the sun or moon, and supposed to be caused by the refraction of light through crystals of ice in the atmosphere. Connected with halos there are often white bands, crosses, or arches, resulting from the same atmospheric conditions.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A circle of light; especially, the bright ring represented in painting as surrounding the heads of saints and other holy persons; a glory; a nimbus.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>An ideal glory investing, or affecting one's perception of, an object.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>A colored circle around a nipple; an areola.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ha"lo</hw>, <pos><i>v. t. & i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Haloed</u> (-l&omacr;d); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Haloing</u>.] <def>To form, or surround with, a halo; to encircle with, or as with, a halo.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The fire<BR> That <i>haloed</i> round his saintly brow.</blockquote> <i>Southey.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ha"loed</hw> (h&amacr;"l&omacr;d), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Surrounded with a halo; invested with an ideal glory; glorified.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Some <i>haloed</i> face bending over me.</blockquote> <i>C. Bront&eacute;.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hal"o*gen</hw> (h&abreve;l"&osl;*j&ebreve;n), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>"a`ls</grk>, <grk>"alo`s</grk>, salt + <i>-gen</i>: cf. F. <i>halog&egrave;ne</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>An electro-negative element or radical, which, by combination with a metal, forms a haloid salt; especially, chlorine, bromine, and iodine; sometimes, also, fluorine and cyanogen. See <i>Chlorine family</i>, under <u>Chlorine</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ha*log"e*nous</hw> (h&adot;*l&obreve;j"&esl;*n&ubreve;s), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of the nature of a halogen.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ha"loid</hw> (h&amacr;"loid or h&abreve;l"oid), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>"a`ls</grk>, <grk>"alo`s</grk> salt + <i>-oid</i>: cf. F. <i>halo&iuml;de</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Resembling salt; — said of certain binary compounds consisting of a metal united to a negative element or radical, and now chiefly applied to the chlorides, bromides, iodides, and sometimes also to the fluorides and cyanides.</def> — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A haloid substance.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hal"o*man`cy</hw> (h&abreve;l"&osl;*m&abreve;n`s&ybreve;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Alomancy</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ha*lom"e*ter</hw> (h&adot;*l&obreve;m"&esl;*t&etilde;r), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>"a`ls</grk>, <grk>"alo`s</grk>, salt + <i>-meter</i>.] <def>An instrument for measuring the forms and angles of salts and crystals; a goniometer.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Ha*lo"nes</hw> (h&adot;*l&omacr;"n&emacr;z), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. <grk>"a`lwn</grk>, <grk>"a`lwnos</grk>, a halo.] <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>Alternating transparent and opaque white rings which are seen outside the blastoderm, on the surface of the developing egg of the hen and other birds.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hal"o*phyte</hw> (h&abreve;l"&osl;*f&imacr;t), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>"a`ls</grk>, <grk>"alo`s</grk>, salt + <grk>fyto`n</grk> a plant.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A plant found growing in salt marshes, or in the sea.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ha"lo*scope</hw> (h&amacr;"l&osl;*sk&omacr;p), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Halo</i> + <i>-scope</i>.] <def>An instrument for exhibition or illustration of the phenomena of halos, parhelia, and the like.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hal*o*tri"chite</hw> (h&abreve;l*&osl;*tr&imacr;"k&imacr;t), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>"a`ls</grk> sea + <grk>qri`x</grk>, <grk>tricho`s</grk>, hair.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>An iron alum occurring in silky fibrous aggregates of a yellowish white color.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ha*lox"y*line</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>"a`ls</grk>, <grk>"alo`s</grk>, salt + <grk>xy`lon</grk> wood.] <def>An explosive mixture, consisting of sawdust, charcoal, niter, and ferrocyanide of potassium, used as a substitute for gunpowder.</def></p>

<p><hw>Halp</hw> (h&auml;lp), <pos><i>imp.</i></pos> of <u>Help</u>. <def>Helped.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Hal"pace</hw> (h&abreve;l"p&amacr;s), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>See <u>Haut pas</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hals</hw> (h&add;ls), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>heals</i>; akin to D., G., & Goth. <i>hals</i>. See <u>Collar</u>.] <def>The neck or throat.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Do me hangen by the <i>hals</i>.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Halse</hw> (h&add;ls), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [AS. <i>healsian</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To embrace about the neck; to salute; to greet.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Each other kissed glad<BR> And lovely <i>halst</i>.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To adjure; to beseech; to entreat.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>O dere child, I <i>halse</i> thee,<BR> In virtue of the Holy Trinity.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Halse</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Halsed</u> (h&add;lst); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Halsing</u>.] [Cf. <u>Hawser</u>.] <def>To haul; to hoist.</def> [Obs.] <i>Grafton</i></p>

<p><hw>Hal"sen*ing</hw> (h&add;l"s&ebreve;n*&ibreve;ng), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Sounding harshly in the throat; inharmonious; rough.</def> [Obs.] <i>Carew.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hals"er</hw> (h&add;s"&etilde;r), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Hawser</u>.</def> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><hw>Halt</hw> (h&add;lt), <def><pos><i>3d pers. sing. pres.</i></pos> of <u>Hold</u>, contraction for <i>holdeth</i>.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Halt</hw> (h&add;lt), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Formerly <i>alt</i>, It. <i>alto</i>, G. <i>halt</i>, fr. <i>halten</i> to hold. See <u>Hold</u>.] <def>A stop in marching or walking, or in any action; arrest of progress.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Without any <i>halt</i> they marched.</blockquote> <i>Clarendon.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>[Lovers] soon in passion's war contest,<BR> Yet in their march soon make a <i>halt</i>.</blockquote> <i>Davenant.</i></p>

<p><hw>Halt</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Halted</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Halting</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To hold one's self from proceeding; to hold up; to cease progress; to stop for a longer or shorter period; to come to a stop; to stand still.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To stand in doubt whether to proceed, or what to do; to hesitate; to be uncertain.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>How long <i>halt</i> ye between two opinions?</blockquote> <i>1 Kings xviii. 21.</i></p>

<p><hw>Halt</hw> (h&add;lt), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <i>(Mil.)</i> <def>To cause to cease marching; to stop; as, the general <i>halted</i> his troops for refreshment.</def></p>

<p><hw>Halt</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [AS. <i>healt</i>; akin to OS., Dan., & Sw. <i>halt</i>, Icel. <i>haltr</i>, <i>halltr</i>, Goth. <i>halts</i>, OHG. <i>halz</i>.] <def>Halting or stopping in walking; lame.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Bring in hither the poor, and the maimed, and the <i>halt</i>, and the blind.</blockquote> <i>Luke xiv. 21. </i></p>

<p><hw>Halt</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The act of limping; lameness.</def></p>

<p><hw>Halt</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [OE. <i>halten</i>, AS. <i>healtian</i>. See <u>Halt</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To walk lamely; to limp.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To have an irregular rhythm; to be defective.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The blank verse shall <i>halt</i> for it.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Halt"er</hw> (-&etilde;r), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who halts or limps; a cripple.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hal"ter</hw> (h&add;l"t&etilde;r), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>halter</i>, <i>helter</i>, <i>helfter</i>, AS. <i>h&aelig;lftre</i>; akin to G. <i>halfter</i>, D. <i>halfter</i>, <i>halster</i>, and also to E. <i>helve</i>. See <u>Helve</u>.] <def>A strong strap or cord. Especially: <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> A rope or strap, with or without a headstall, for leading or tying a horse. <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> A rope for hanging malefactors; a noose.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>No man e'er felt the <i>halter</i> draw<BR> With good opinion of the law.</blockquote> <i>Trumbull.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hal"ter</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Haltered</u> (-t&etilde;rd); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Haltering</u>.] <def>To tie by the neck with a rope, strap, or halter; to put a halter on; to subject to a hangman's halter.</def> "A <i>haltered</i> neck." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Hal*te"res</hw> (h&abreve;l*t&emacr;"r&emacr;z), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. <grk>"alth^res</grk> weights used in jumping, fr. <grk>"a`llesqai</grk> to leap.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Balancers; the rudimentary hind wings of Diptera.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hal"ter-sack`</hw> (h&add;l"t&etilde;r*s&abreve;k`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A term of reproach, implying that one is fit to be hanged.</def> [Obs.] <i>Beau. & Fl.</i></p>

<p><hw>Halt"ing*ly</hw> (h&add;lt"&ibreve;ng*l&ybreve;), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a halting or limping manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hal"vans</hw> (h&abreve;l"v<i>a</i>nz), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> <i>(Mining)</i> <def>Impure ore; dirty ore.</def> <i>Raymond.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hal"ve</hw> (h&auml;l"v<i>e</i>), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A half.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Halve</hw> (h&auml;v), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Halved</u> (h&auml;vd); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Halving</u>.] [From <u>Half</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To divide into two equal parts; as, to <i>halve</i> an apple; to be or form half of.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>So far apart their lives are thrown<BR> From the twin soul that <i>halves</i> their own.</blockquote> <i>M. Arnold.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>To join, as two pieces of timber, by cutting away each for half its thickness at the joining place, and fitting together.</def></p>

<p><hw>Halved</hw> (h&auml;vd), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Appearing as if one side, or one half, were cut away; dimidiate.</def></p>

<p><hw>Halves</hw> (h&auml;vz), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, <def><pos><i>pl.</i></pos> of <u>Half</u>.</def></p>

<p><col><b>By halves</b></col>, <cd>by one half at once; halfway; fragmentarily; partially; incompletely.</cd></p>

<p><blockquote>I can not believe by <i>halves</i>; either I have faith, or I have it not.</blockquote> <i>J. H. Newman.</i></p>

<p><col><b>To go halves</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Go</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Hal"we</hw> (h&auml;l"w<i>e</i>), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE., fr. AS. <i>h&amacr;lga</i>. See <u>Holy</u>.] <def>A saint.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hal"yard</hw> (h&abreve;l"y&etilde;rd), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Hale</i>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> + <i>yard</i>.] <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>A rope or tackle for hoisting or lowering yards, sails, flags, etc.</def> [Written also <i>halliard</i>, <i>haulyard</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>||Hal`y*si"tes</hw> (h&abreve;l`&ibreve;*s&imacr;"t&emacr;z), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. <grk>"a`lysis</grk> a chain.] <i>(Paleon.)</i> <def>A genus of Silurian fossil corals; the chain corals. See <i>Chain coral</i>, under <u>Chain</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ham</hw> (h&auml;m), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Home.</def> [North of Eng.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ham</hw> (h&abreve;m), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>ham</i>; akin to D. <i>ham</i>, dial. G. <i>hamme</i>, OHG. <i>hamma</i>. Perh. named from the bend at the ham, and akin to E. <i>chamber</i>. Cf. <u>Gammon</u> ham.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>The region back of the knee joint; the popliteal space; the hock.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The thigh of any animal; especially, the thigh of a hog cured by salting and smoking.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A plentiful lack of wit, together with most weak <i>hams</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ham"a*dry`ad</hw> (h&abreve;m"&adot;*dr&imacr;`&abreve;d), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> E. <plw><b>Hamadryads</b></plw> (- &abreve;dz), L. <plw><b>Hamadryades</b></plw> (- dr&imacr;"&adot;*d&emacr;z). [L. <i>Hamadryas</i>, <i>-adis</i>, Gr. <grk>"Amadrya`s</grk>; <grk>"a`ma</grk> together + <grk>dry^s</grk> oak, tree: cf. F. <i>hamadryade</i>. See <u>Same</u>, and <u>Tree</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Class. Myth.)</i> <def>A tree nymph whose life ended with that of the particular tree, usually an oak, which had been her abode.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A large venomous East Indian snake (<i>Ophiophagus bungarus</i>), allied to the cobras.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Ha*ma"dry*as</hw> (h&adot;*m&amacr;"dr&ibreve;*&abreve;s), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., a hamadryad. See <u>Hamadryad</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The sacred baboon of Egypt (<i>Cynocephalus Hamadryas</i>).</def></p>

<p><hw>Ham`a*me"lis</hw> (h&abreve;m`&adot;*m&emacr;"l&ibreve;s), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. <grk>"amamhli`s</grk> a kind of medlar or service tree; <grk>"a`ma</grk> at the same time + <grk>mh^lon</grk> an apple, any tree fruit.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A genus of plants which includes the witch-hazel (<i>Hamamelis Virginica</i>), a preparation of which is used medicinally.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ha"mate</hw> (h&amacr;"m&asl;t), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>hamatus</i>, fr. <i>hamus</i> hook.] <def>Hooked; bent at the end into a hook; hamous.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ha"ma*ted</hw> (h&amacr;"m&asl;*t&ebreve;d), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Hooked, or set with hooks; hamate.</def> <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Ha*ma"tum</hw> (h&adot;*m&amacr;"t&ubreve;m), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. L. <i>hamatus</i> hooked.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>See <u>Unciform</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ham"ble</hw> (h&abreve;m"b'l), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [OE. <i>hamelen</i> to mutilate, AS. <i>hamelian</i>; akin to OHG. <i>hamal&omacr;n</i> to mutilate, <i>hamal</i> mutilated, <i>ham</i> mutilated, Icel. <i>hamla</i> to mutilate. Cf.<u>Hamper</u> to fetter.] <def>To hamstring.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Ham"burg</hw> (-b&ucirc;rg), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A commercial city of Germany, near the mouth of the Elbe.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Black Hamburg grape</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Black</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Hamburg edging</b></col>, <cd>a kind of embroidered work done by machinery on cambric or muslin; — used for trimming.</cd> — <col><b>Hamburg lake</b></col>, <cd>a purplish crimson pigment resembling cochineal.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Hame</hw> (h&amacr;m), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Home.</def> [Scot. & O. Eng.]</p>

<p><hw>Hame</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Scot. <i>haims</i>, <i>hammys</i>, <i>hems</i>, OE. <i>ham</i>; cf. D. <i>haam</i>.] <def>One of the two curved pieces of wood or metal, in the harness of a draught horse, to which the traces are fastened. They are fitted upon the collar, or have pads fitting the horse's neck attached to them.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ham"el</hw> (h&abreve;m"&ebreve;l), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [Obs.] <def>Same as <u>Hamble</u>.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Hame"seck`en</hw> (h&amacr;m"s&ebreve;k`'n), <hw>Hame"suck`en</hw> (-s&ubreve;k`'n), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>h&amacr;ms&omacr;cn</i>. See <u>Home</u>, and <u>Seek</u>.] <i>(Scots Law)</i> <def>The felonious seeking and invasion of a person in his dwelling house.</def> <i>Bouvier.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ha"mi*form</hw> (h&amacr;"m&ibreve;*f&ocirc;rm), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>hamus</i> hook + <i>-form</i>.] <def>Hook-shaped.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ham"il*ton pe"ri*od</hw> (h&abreve;m"&ibreve;l*t&ubreve;n p&emacr;"r&ibreve;*&ubreve;d). <i>(Geol.)</i> <def>A subdivision of the Devonian system of America; — so named from <i>Hamilton</i>, Madison Co., New York. It includes the Marcellus, Hamilton, and Genesee epochs or groups. See the Chart of <u>Geology</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Ham`i*nu"ra</hw> (h&abreve;m`&ibreve;*n&umacr;"r&adot;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A large edible river fish (<i>Erythrinus macrodon</i>) of Guiana.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ha"mite</hw> (h&amacr;"m&imacr;t), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>[L. <i>hamus</i> hook.] <i>(Paleon.)</i> <def>A fossil cephalopod of the genus <i>Hamites</i>, related to the ammonites, but having the last whorl bent into a hooklike form.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ham"ite</hw> (h&abreve;m"&imacr;t), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A descendant of Ham, Noah's second son. See Gen. x. 6- 20.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ham*it"ic</hw> (h&abreve;m*&ibreve;t"&ibreve;k), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pertaining to Ham or his descendants.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Hamitic languages</b></col>, <cd>the group of languages spoken mainly in the Sahara, Egypt, Galla, and Som&acirc;li Land, and supposed to be allied to the Semitic.</cd> <i>Keith Johnston.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ham"let</hw> (h&abreve;m"l&ebreve;t), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>hamelet</i>, OF. <i>hamelet</i>, dim. of <i>hamel</i>, F. <i>hameau</i>, LL. <i>hamellum</i>, a dim. of German origin; cf. G. <i>heim</i> home. &radic;220. See <u>Home</u>.] <def>A small village; a little cluster of houses in the country.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The country wasted, and the <i>hamlets</i> burned.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Village; neighborhood. See <u>Village</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Ham"let*ed</hw>, <pos><i>p. a.</i></pos> <def>Confined to a hamlet.</def> <i>Feltham.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ham"mer</hw> (-m&etilde;r), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>hamer</i>, AS. <i>hamer</i>, <i>hamor</i>; akin to D. <i>hamer</i>, G. & Dan. <i>hammer</i>, Sw. <i>hammare</i>, Icel. <i>hamarr</i>, hammer, crag, and perh. to Gr. <grk>'a`kmwn</grk> anvil, Skr. <i>a&ccedil;man</i> stone.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>An instrument for driving nails, beating metals, and the like, consisting of a head, usually of steel or iron, fixed crosswise to a handle.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>With busy <i>hammers</i> closing rivets up.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Something which in form or action resembles the common hammer</def>; as: <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>That part of a clock which strikes upon the bell to indicate the hour.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The padded mallet of a piano, which strikes the wires, to produce the tones.</def> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>The malleus.</def> See under <u>Ear</u>. <sd><i>(d)</i></sd> <i>(Gun.)</i> <def>That part of a gunlock which strikes the percussion cap, or firing pin; the cock; formerly, however, a piece of steel covering the pan of a flintlock musket and struck by the flint of the cock to ignite the priming.</def> <sd><i>(e)</i></sd> <def>Also, a person or thing that smites or shatters; as, St. Augustine was the <i>hammer</i> of heresies.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He met the stern legionaries [of Rome] who had been the "massive iron <i>hammers</i>" of the whole earth.</blockquote> <i>J. H. Newman.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Atmospheric hammer</b></col>, <cd>a dead-stroke hammer in which the spring is formed by confined air.</cd> — <col><b>Drop hammer</b></col>, <col><b>Face hammer</b></col>, etc. <cd>See under <u>Drop</u>, <u>Face</u>, etc.</cd> — <col><b>Hammer fish</b></col>. <cd>See <u>Hammerhead</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Hammer hardening</b></col>, <cd>the process of hardening metal by hammering it when cold.</cd> — <col><b>Hammer shell</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>any species of <i>Malleus</i>, a genus of marine bivalve shells, allied to the pearl oysters, having the wings narrow and elongated, so as to give them a hammer-shaped outline; — called also <i>hammer oyster</i>.</cd> — <col><b>To bring to the hammer</b></col>, <cd>to put up at auction.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Ham"mer</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Hammered</u> (-m&etilde;rd); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Hammering</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To beat with a hammer; to beat with heavy blows; as, to <i>hammer</i> iron.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To form or forge with a hammer; to shape by beating.</def> "<i>Hammered</i> money." <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To form in the mind; to shape by hard intellectual labor; — usually with <i>out</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Who was <i>hammering</i> out a penny dialogue.</blockquote> <i>Jeffry.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ham"mer</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To be busy forming anything; to labor hard as if shaping something with a hammer.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Whereon this month I have been <i>hammering</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To strike repeated blows, literally or figuratively.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Blood and revenge are <i>hammering</i> in my head.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ham"mer*a*ble</hw> (-&adot;*b'l), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Capable of being formed or shaped by a hammer.</def> <i>Sherwood.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ham"mer-beam`</hw> (-b&emacr;m`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Gothic Arch.)</i> <def>A member of one description of roof truss, called <i>hammer-beam truss</i>, which is so framed as not to have a tiebeam at the top of the wall. Each principal has two hammer-beams, which occupy the situation, and to some extent serve the purpose, of a tiebeam.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ham"mer*cloth`</hw> (-kl&obreve;th; 115), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Prob. fr. D. <i>hemel</i> heaven, canopy, tester (akin to G. <i>himmel</i>, and perh. also to E. <i>heaven</i>) + E. <i>cloth</i>; or perh. a corruption of <i>hamper cloth</i>.] <def>The cloth which covers a coach box.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ham"mer-dressed`</hw> (-dr&ebreve;st`), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having the surface roughly shaped or faced with the stonecutter's hammer; — said of building stone.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ham"mer*er</hw> (-&etilde;r), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who works with a hammer.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ham"mer-hard`en</hw> (-h&auml;rd`'n), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To harden, as a metal, by hammering it in the cold state.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ham"mer*head`</hw> (-h&ebreve;d`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A shark of the genus <i>Sphyrna</i> or <i>Zyg&aelig;na</i>, having the eyes set on projections from the sides of the head, which gives it a hammer shape. The <i>Sphyrna zyg&aelig;na</i> is found in the North Atlantic. Called also <i>hammer fish</i>, and <i>balance fish</i>.</def></p>

<p><! p. 667 pr=JMD !></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A fresh-water fish; the stone-roller.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>An African fruit bat (<i>Hypsignathus monstrosus</i>); — so called from its large blunt nozzle.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ham"mer*kop</hw> (h&abreve;m"m&etilde;r*k&obreve;p), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A bird of the Heron family; the umber.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ham"mer-less</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Firearms)</i> <def>Without a visible hammer; — said of a gun having a cock or striker concealed from sight, and out of the way of an accidental touch.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ham"mer*man</hw> (-m<i>a</i>n), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Hammermen</b></plw> (-m<i>e</i>n). <def>A hammerer; a forgeman.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Ham`mo*chry"sos</hw> (h&abreve;m`m&osl;*kr&imacr;"s&obreve;s), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., fr. Gr. <grk>"ammo`chrysos</grk>; <grk>"a`mmos</grk>, <grk>'a`mmos</grk>, sand + <grk>chryso`s</grk> gold.] <def>A stone with spangles of gold color in it.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ham"mock</hw> (h&abreve;m"m&obreve;k), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [A word of Indian origin: cf. Sp. <i>hamaca</i>. Columbus, in the Narrative of his first voyage, says: "A great many Indians in canoes came to the ship to-day for the purpose of bartering their cotton, and <i>hamacas</i>, or nets, in which they sleep."] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A swinging couch or bed, usually made of netting or canvas about six feet long and three feet wide, suspended by clews or cords at the ends.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A piece of land thickly wooded, and usually covered with bushes and vines. Used also adjectively; as, <i>hammock</i> land.</def> [Southern U. S.] <i>Bartlett.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Hammock nettings</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>formerly, nets for stowing hammocks; now, more often, wooden boxes or a trough on the rail, used for that purpose.</cd></p>

<p>{ <hw>Ha*mose"</hw> (h&asl;*m&omacr;s"), <hw>Ha"mous</hw> (h&amacr;"m&ubreve;s), }[L. <i>hamus</i> hook.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Having the end hooked or curved.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ham"per</hw> (h&abreve;m"p&etilde;r), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Contr. fr. <i>hanaper</i>.] <def>A large basket, usually with a cover, used for the packing and carrying of articles; as, a <i>hamper</i> of wine; a clothes <i>hamper</i>; an oyster <i>hamper</i>, which contains two bushels.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ham"per</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Hampered</u> (-p&etilde;rd); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Hampering</u>.] <def>To put in a hamper.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ham"per</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [OE. <i>hamperen</i>, <i>hampren</i>, prob. of the same origin as E. <i>hamble</i>.] <def>To put a hamper or fetter on; to shackle; to insnare; to inveigle; to entangle; hence, to impede in motion or progress; to embarrass; to encumber.</def> "<i>Hampered</i> nerves." <i>Blackmore.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>A lion <i>hampered</i> in a net.</blockquote> <i>L'Estrange.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>They <i>hamper</i> and entangle our souls.</blockquote> <i>Tillotson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ham"per</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Hamper</u> to shackle.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A shackle; a fetter; anything which impedes.</def> <i>W. Browne.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>Articles ordinarily indispensable, but in the way at certain times.</def> <i>Ham. Nav. Encyc.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Top hamper</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>unnecessary spars and rigging kept aloft.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Ham"shac`kle</hw> (h&abreve;m"sh&abreve;k`'l), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<i>Ham</i> + <i>shackle</i>.] <def>To fasten (an animal) by a rope binding the head to one of the fore legs; as, to <i>hamshackle</i> a horse or cow; hence, to bind or restrain; to curb.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ham"ster</hw> (-st&etilde;r), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [G. <i>hamster</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A small European rodent (<i>Cricetus frumentarius</i>). It is remarkable for having a pouch on each side of the jaw, under the skin, and for its migrations.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ham"string`</hw> (h&abreve;m"str&ibreve;ng`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>One of the great tendons situated in each side of the ham, or space back of the knee, and connected with the muscles of the back of the thigh.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ham"string`</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Hamstrung</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Hamstringing</u>. See <u>String</u>.] <def>To lame or disable by cutting the tendons of the ham or knee; to hough; hence, to cripple; to incapacitate; to disable.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>So have they <i>hamstrung</i> the valor of the subject by seeking to effeminate us all at home.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ham"u*lar</hw> (h&abreve;m"&usl;*l&etilde;r), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Hooked; hooklike; hamate; as, the <i>hamular</i> process of the sphenoid bone.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ham"u*late</hw> (-l&asl;t), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Furnished with a small hook; hook-shaped.</def> <i>Gray.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ham"ule</hw> (-&umacr;l), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>hamulus</i>.] <def>A little hook.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ham"u*lose`</hw> (-&usl;*l&omacr;s`), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>hamulus</i>, dim. of <i>hamus</i> a hook.] <def>Bearing a small hook at the end.</def> <i>Gray.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Ham"u*lus</hw> (-l&ubreve;s), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Hamuli</b></plw> (-l&imacr;). [L., a little hook.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>A hook, or hooklike process.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A hooked barbicel of a feather.</def></p>

<p><hw>Han</hw> (h&abreve;n), contr. <pos><i>inf. & plural pres.</i></pos> of <u>Haven</u>. <def>To have; have.</def> [Obs.] <i>Piers Plowman.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Him thanken all, and thus they <i>han</i> an end.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Han"ap</hw> (-&abreve;p), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>hanap</i>. See <u>Hanaper</u>.] <def>A rich goblet, esp. one used on state occasions.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Han"a*per</hw> (-&adot;*p&etilde;r), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [LL. <i>hanaperium</i> a large vase, fr. <i>hanapus</i> vase, bowl, cup (whence F. <i>hanap</i>); of German origin; cf. OHG. <i>hnapf</i>, G. <i>napf</i>, akin to AS. <i>hn&aelig;p</i> cup, bowl. Cf. <u>Hamper</u>, <u>Nappy</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <def>A kind of basket, usually of wickerwork, and adapted for the packing and carrying of articles; a hamper.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Hanaper office</b></col>, <cd>an office of the English court of chancery in which writs relating to the business of the public, and the returns to them, were anciently kept in a hanaper or hamper.</cd> <i>Blackstone.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hance</hw> (h&adot;ns), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [See <u>Enhance</u>.] <def>To raise; to elevate.</def> [Obs.] <i>Lydgate.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Hance</hw> (h&abreve;ns), <hw>Hanch</hw> (h&abreve;nch), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Hanse</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>See <u>Hanse</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>A sudden fall or break, as the fall of the fife rail down to the gangway.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hand</hw> (h&abreve;nd), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>hand</i>, <i>hond</i>; akin to D., G., & Sw. <i>hand</i>, OHG. <i>hant</i>, Dan. <i>haand</i>, Icel. <i>h&ouml;nd</i>, Goth. <i>handus</i>, and perh. to Goth. <i>hin&thorn;an</i> to seize (in comp.). Cf. <u>Hunt</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>That part of the fore limb below the forearm or wrist in man and monkeys, and the corresponding part in many other animals; manus; paw. See <u>Manus</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>That which resembles, or to some extent performs the office of, a human hand</def>; as: <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A limb of certain animals, as the foot of a hawk, or any one of the four extremities of a monkey.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>An index or pointer on a dial; as, the hour or minute <i>hand</i> of a clock.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A measure equal to a hand's breadth, — four inches; a palm. Chiefly used in measuring the height of horses.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Side; part; direction, either right or left.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>On this <i>hand</i> and that <i>hand</i>, were hangings.</blockquote> <i>Ex. xxxviii. 15.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The Protestants were then on the winning <i>hand</i>.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>Power of performance; means of execution; ability; skill; dexterity.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He had a great mind to try his <i>hand</i> at a Spectator.</blockquote> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>Actual performance; deed; act; workmanship; agency; hence, manner of performance.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>To change the <i>hand</i> in carrying on the war.</blockquote> <i>Clarendon.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Gideon said unto God, If thou wilt save Israel by my <i>hand</i>.</blockquote> <i>Judges vi. 36.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <def>An agent; a servant, or laborer; a workman, trained or competent for special service or duty; a performer more or less skillful; as, a deck <i>hand</i>; a farm <i>hand</i>; an old <i>hand</i> at speaking.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A dictionary containing a natural history requires too many <i>hands</i>, as well as too much time, ever to be hoped for.</blockquote> <i>Locke.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>I was always reckoned a lively <i>hand</i> at a simile.</blockquote> <i>Hazlitt.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>8.</b></sn> <def>Handwriting; style of penmanship; as, a good, bad, or running <i>hand</i>. Hence, a signature.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I say she never did invent this letter;<BR> This is a man's invention and his <i>hand</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Some writs require a judge's <i>hand</i>.</blockquote> <i>Burril.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>9.</b></sn> <def>Personal possession; ownership; hence, control; direction; management; — usually in the plural.</def> "Receiving in <i>hand</i> one year's tribute." <i>Knolles.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Albinus . . . found means to keep in his <i>hands</i> the government of Britain.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>10.</b></sn> <def>Agency in transmission from one person to another; as, to buy at first <i>hand</i>, that is, from the producer, or when new; at second <i>hand</i>, that is, when no longer in the producer's hand, or when not new.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>11.</b></sn> <def>Rate; price.</def> [Obs.] "Business is bought at a dear <i>hand</i>, where there is small dispatch." <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>12.</b></sn> <def>That which is, or may be, held in a hand at once</def>; as: <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <i>(Card Playing)</i> <def>The quota of cards received from the dealer.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <i>(Tobacco Manuf.)</i> <def>A bundle of tobacco leaves tied together.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>13.</b></sn> <i>(Firearms)</i> <def>The small part of a gunstock near the lock, which is grasped by the hand in taking aim.</def></p>

<p>&fist; <i>Hand</i> is used figuratively for a large variety of acts or things, in the doing, or making, or use of which the hand is in some way employed or concerned; also, as a symbol to denote various qualities or conditions, as: <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> Activity; operation; work; — in distinction from the <i>head</i>, which implies thought, and the <i>heart</i>, which implies affection. "His <i>hand</i> will be against every man." <i>Gen. xvi. 12.</i><sd><i>(b)</i></sd> Power; might; supremacy; — often in the Scriptures. "With a mighty <i>hand</i> . . . will I rule over you." <i>Ezek. xx. 33.</i> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> Fraternal feeling; as, to give, or take, the <i>hand</i>; to give the right <i>hand</i>. <sd><i>(d)</i></sd> Contract; — commonly of marriage; as, to ask the <i>hand</i>; to pledge the <i>hand</i>.</p>

<p>&fist; <i>Hand</i> is often used adjectively or in compounds (with or without the hyphen), signifying <i>performed by the hand</i>; as, <i>hand</i> blow or <i>hand</i>-blow, <i>hand</i> gripe or <i>hand</i>-gripe: <i>used by</i>, or <i>designed for</i>, <i>the hand</i>; as, <i>hand</i> ball or <i>hand</i>ball, <i>hand</i> bow, <i>hand</i> fetter, <i>hand</i> grenade or <i>hand</i>-grenade, <i>hand</i>gun or <i>hand</i> gun, <i>hand</i>loom or <i>hand</i> loom, <i>hand</i>mill or <i>hand</i> organ or <i>hand</i>organ, <i>hand</i>saw or <i>hand</i> saw, <i>hand</i>-weapon: <i>measured</i> or <i>regulated by the hand</i>; as, <i>hand</i>breadth or <i>hand's</i> breadth, <i>hand</i> gallop or <i>hand</i>-gallop. Most of the words in the following paragraph are written either as two words or in combination.</p>

<p><col><b>Hand bag</b></col>, <cd>a satchel; a small bag for carrying books, papers, parcels, etc.</cd> — <col><b>Hand basket</b></col>, <cd>a small or portable basket.</cd> — <col><b>Hand bell</b></col>, <cd>a small bell rung by the hand; a table bell.</cd> <i>Bacon.</i> — <col><b>Hand bill</b></col>, <cd>a small pruning hook. See 4th <u>Bill</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Hand car</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Car</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Hand director</b></col> <i>(Mus.)</i>, <cd>an instrument to aid in forming a good position of the hands and arms when playing on the piano; a hand guide.</cd> — <col><b>Hand drop</b></col>. <cd>See <u>Wrist drop</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Hand gallop</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Gallop</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Hand gear</b></col> <i>(Mach.)</i>, <cd>apparatus by means of which a machine, or parts of a machine, usually operated by other power, may be operated by hand.</cd> — <col><b>Hand glass</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>A glass or small glazed frame, for the protection of plants.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>A small mirror with a handle.</cd> — <col><b>Hand guide</b></col>. <cd>Same as <i>Hand director</i> (above).</cd> — <col><b>Hand language</b></col>, <cd>the art of conversing by the hands, esp. as practiced by the deaf and dumb; dactylology.</cd> — <col><b>Hand lathe</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Lathe</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Hand money</b></col>, <cd>money paid in hand to bind a contract; earnest money.</cd> — <col><b>Hand organ</b></col> <i>(Mus.)</i>, <cd>a barrel organ, operated by a crank turned by hand.</cd> — <col><b>Hand plant</b></col>. <i>(Bot.)</i> <cd>Same as <i>Hand tree</i> (below). — <u>Hand rail</u>, a rail, as in staircases, to hold by.</cd> <i>Gwilt.</i> — <col><b>Hand sail</b></col>, <cd>a sail managed by the hand.</cd> <i>Sir W. Temple.</i> — <col><b>Hand screen</b></col>, <cd>a small screen to be held in the hand.</cd> — <col><b>Hand screw</b></col>, <cd>a small jack for raising heavy timbers or weights</cd>; <i>(Carp.)</i> <cd>a screw clamp.</cd> — <col><b>Hand staff</b></col> (pl. <plw><b>Hand staves</b></plw>), <cd>a javelin.</cd> <i>Ezek. xxxix. 9.</i> — <col><b>Hand stamp</b></col>, <cd>a small stamp for dating, addressing, or canceling papers, envelopes, etc.</cd> — <col><b>Hand tree</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>a lofty tree found in Mexico (<i>Cheirostemon platanoides</i>), having red flowers whose stamens unite in the form of a hand.</cd> — <col><b>Hand vise</b></col>, <cd>a small vise held in the hand in doing small work.</cd> <i>Moxon.</i> — <col><b>Hand work</b></col>, or <col><b>Handwork</b></col>, <cd>work done with the hands, as distinguished from work done by a machine; handiwork.</cd> — <col><b>All hands</b></col>, <cd>everybody; all parties.</cd> — <col><b>At all hands</b></col>, <col><b>On all hands</b></col>, <cd>on all sides; from every direction; generally.</cd> — <col><b>At any hand</b></col>, <col><b>At no hand</b></col>, <cd>in any (or no) way or direction; on any account; on no account.</cd> "And therefore <i>at no hand</i> consisting with the safety and interests of humility." <i>Jer. Taylor.</i> — <col><b>At first hand</b></col>, <col><b>At second hand</b></col>. <cd>See def. 10 (above).</cd> — <col><b>At hand</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>Near in time or place; either present and within reach, or not far distant.</cd> "Your husband is <i>at hand</i>; I hear his trumpet." <i>Shak.</i> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>Under the hand or bridle.</cd> [Obs.] "Horses hot <i>at hand</i>." <i>Shak.</i> — <col><b>At the hand of</b></col>, <cd>by the act of; as a gift from.</cd> "Shall we receive good <i>at the hand of</i> God and shall we not receive evil?" <i>Job ii. 10.</i> — <col><b>Bridle hand</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Bridle</u>.</cd> — <col><b>By hand</b></col>, <cd>with the hands, in distinction from instrumentality of tools, engines, or animals; as, to weed a garden <i>by hand</i>; to lift, draw, or carry <i>by hand</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Clean hands</b></col>, <cd>freedom from guilt, esp. from the guilt of dishonesty in money matters, or of bribe taking.</cd> "He that hath <i>clean hands</i> shall be stronger and stronger." <i>Job xvii. 9.</i> — <col><b>From hand to hand</b></col>, <cd>from one person to another.</cd> — <col><b>Hand in hand</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>In union; conjointly; unitedly.</cd> <i>Swift.</i> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>Just; fair; equitable.</cd><BR> <BR> <blockquote>As fair and as good, a kind of <i>hand in hand</i> comparison.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i><BR> <BR> — <col><b>Hand over hand</b></col>, <col><b>Hand over fist</b></col>, <cd>by passing the hands alternately one before or above another; as, to climb <i>hand over hand</i>; also, rapidly; as, to come up with a chase <i>hand over hand</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Hand over head</b></col>, <cd>negligently; rashly; without seeing what one does.</cd> [Obs.] <i>Bacon.</i> — <col><b>Hand running</b></col>, <cd>consecutively; as, he won ten times <i>hand running</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Hands off!</b></col> <cd>keep off! forbear! no interference or meddling!</cd> — <col><b>Hand to hand</b></col>, <cd>in close union; in close fight; as, a <i>hand to hand</i> contest.</cd> <i>Dryden.</i> — <col><b>Heavy hand</b></col>, <cd>severity or oppression.</cd> — <col><b>In hand</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>Paid down.</cd> "A considerable reward <i>in hand</i>, and . . . a far greater reward hereafter." <i>Tillotson.</i> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>In preparation; taking place.</cd> <i>Chaucer.</i> "Revels . . . in <i>hand</i>." <i>Shak.</i> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <cd>Under consideration, or in the course of transaction; as, he has the business <i>in hand</i>.</cd> — <col><b>In one's hand</b></col> or <col><b>hands</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>In one's possession or keeping.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>At one's risk, or peril; as, I took my life <i>in my hand</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Laying on of hands</b></col>, <cd>a form used in consecrating to office, in the rite of confirmation, and in blessing persons.</cd> — <col><b>Light hand</b></col>, <cd>gentleness; moderation.</cd> — <col><b>Note of hand</b></col>, <cd>a promissory note.</cd> — <col><b>Off hand</b></col>, <col><b>Out of hand</b></col>, <cd>forthwith; without delay, hesitation, or difficulty; promptly.</cd> "She causeth them to be hanged up <i>out of hand</i>." <i>Spenser.</i> — <col><b>Off one's hands</b></col>, <cd>out of one's possession or care.</cd> — <col><b>On hand</b></col>, <cd>in present possession; as, he has a supply of goods <i>on hand</i>.</cd> — <col><b>On one's hands</b></col>, <cd>in one's possession care, or management.</cd> — <col><b>Putting the hand under the thigh</b></col>, <cd>an ancient Jewish ceremony used in swearing.</cd> — <col><b>Right hand</b></col>, <cd>the place of honor, power, and strength.</cd> — <col><b>Slack hand</b></col>, <cd>idleness; carelessness; inefficiency; sloth.</cd> — <col><b>Strict hand</b></col>, <cd>severe discipline; rigorous government.</cd> — <col><b>To bear a hand</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>to give help quickly; to hasten.</cd> — <col><b>To bear in hand</b></col>, <cd>to keep in expectation with false pretenses.</cd> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i> — <col><b>To be hand</b></col> <col><b>and glove</b></col>, or <col><b>in glove</b></col>, <col><b>with</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Glove</u>.</cd> — <col><b>To be on the mending hand</b></col>, <cd>to be convalescent or improving.</cd> — <col><b>To bring up by hand</b></col>, <cd>to feed (an infant) without suckling it.</cd> — <col><b>To change hand</b></col>. <cd>See <u>Change</u>.</cd> — <col><b>To change hands</b></col>, <cd>to change sides, or change owners.</cd> <i>Hudibras.</i> — <col><b>To clap the hands</b></col>, <cd>to express joy or applause, as by striking the palms of the hands together.</cd> — <col><b>To come to hand</b></col>, <cd>to be received; to be taken into possession; as, the letter <i>came to hand</i> yesterday.</cd> — <col><b>To get hand</b></col>, <cd>to gain influence.</cd> [Obs.]<BR> <BR> <blockquote>Appetites have . . . <i>got</i> such a <i>hand</i> over them.</blockquote> <i>Baxter.</i><BR> <BR> — <col><b>To get one's hand in</b></col>, <cd>to make a beginning in a certain work; to become accustomed to a particular business.</cd> — <col><b>To have a hand in</b></col>, <cd>to be concerned in; to have a part or concern in doing; to have an agency or be employed in.</cd> — <col><b>To have in hand</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>To have in one's power or control.</cd> <i>Chaucer.</i> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>To be engaged upon or occupied with.</cd> — <col><b>To have one's hands full</b></col>, <cd>to have in hand all that one can do, or more than can be done conveniently; to be pressed with labor or engagements; to be surrounded with difficulties.</cd> — <col><b>To</b></col> <col><b>have, or get</b></col>, <col><b>the (higher) upper hand</b></col>, <cd>to have, or get, the better of another person or thing.</cd> — <col><b>To his hand</b></col>, <col><b>To my hand</b></col>, etc., <cd>in readiness; already prepared.</cd> "The work is made <i>to his hands</i>." <i>Locke.</i> — <col><b>To hold hand</b></col>, <cd>to compete successfully or on even conditions.</cd> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i> — <col><b>To lay hands on</b></col>, <cd>to seize; to assault.</cd> — <col><b>To lend a hand</b></col>, <cd>to give assistance.</cd> — <col><b>To</b></col> <col><b>lift, or put forth</b></col>, <col><b>the hand against</b></col>, <cd>to attack; to oppose; to kill.</cd> — <col><b>To live from hand to mouth</b></col>, <cd>to obtain food and other necessaries as want compels, without previous provision.</cd> - - <col><b>To make one's hand</b></col>, <cd>to gain advantage or profit.</cd> — <col><b>To put the hand unto</b></col>, <cd>to steal.</cd> <i>Ex. xxii. 8.</i>— <col><b>To put the</b></col> <col><b>last, or finishing</b></col>, <col><b>hand to</b></col>, <cd>to make the last corrections in; to complete; to perfect.</cd> — <col><b>To set the hand to</b></col>, <cd>to engage in; to undertake.</cd><BR> <BR> <blockquote>That the Lord thy God may bless thee in all that thou <i>settest thine hand to</i>.</blockquote> <i>Deut. xxiii. 20.</i><BR> <BR> — <col><b>To stand one in hand</b></col>, <cd>to concern or affect one.</cd> — <col><b>To strike hands</b></col>, <cd>to make a contract, or to become surety for another's debt or good behavior.</cd> — <col><b>To take in hand</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>To attempt or undertake</cd>. <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>To seize and deal with; as, he <i>took</i> him <i>in hand</i>.</cd> — <col><b>To wash the hands of</b></col>, <cd>to disclaim or renounce interest in, or responsibility for, a person or action; as, <i>to wash one's hands of</i> a business.</cd> <i>Matt. xxvii. 24.</i> — <col><b>Under the hand of</b></col>, <cd>authenticated by the handwriting or signature of; as, the deed is executed <i>under the hand</i> and seal <i>of</i> the owner.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Hand</hw> (h&abreve;nd), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Handed</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Handing</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To give, pass, or transmit with the hand; as, he <i>handed</i> them the letter.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To lead, guide, or assist with the hand; to conduct; as, to <i>hand</i> a lady into a carriage.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To manage; as, I <i>hand</i> my oar.</def> [Obs.] <i>Prior.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To seize; to lay hands on.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>To pledge by the hand; to handfast.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>To furl; — said of a sail.</def> <i>Totten.</i></p>

<p><col><b>To hand down</b></col>, <cd>to transmit in succession, as from father to son, or from predecessor to successor; as, fables are <i>handed down</i> from age to age; to forward to the proper officer (the decision of a higher court); as, the Clerk of the Court of Appeals <i>handed down</i> its decision.</cd> — <col><b>To hand over</b></col>, <cd>to yield control of; to surrender; to deliver up.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Hand</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To co&ouml;perate.</def> [Obs.] <i>Massinger.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hand"bar`row</hw> (-b&abreve;r`r&osl;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A frame or barrow, without a wheel, carried by hand.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hand"bill`</hw> (-b&ibreve;l`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A loose, printed sheet, to be distributed by hand.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A pruning hook.</def> [Usually written <i>hand bill</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Hand"book`</hw> (-b&oocr;k`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Hand</i> + <i>book</i>; cf. AS. <i>handb&omacr;c</i>, or G. <i>handbuch</i>.] <def>A book of reference, to be carried in the hand; a manual; a guidebook.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hand"breadth`</hw> (-br&ebreve;dth`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A space equal to the breadth of the hand; a palm.</def> <i>Ex. xxxvii. 12.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hand"cart`</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A cart drawn or pushed by hand.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hand"cloth`</hw> (-kl&obreve;th`; 115), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A handkerchief.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hand"craft`</hw> (-kr&adot;ft`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Handicraft</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hand"crafts`man</hw> (-m<i>a</i>n), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>-men</b></plw> (-m<i>e</i>n). <def>A handicraftsman.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hand"cuff`</hw> (-k&ubreve;f`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>handcops</i>; <i>hand</i> hand + <i>cosp</i>, <i>cops</i>, fetter. The second part was confused with E. <i>cuffs</i>,] <def>A fastening, consisting of an iron ring around the wrist, usually connected by a chain with one on the other wrist; a manacle; — usually in the plural.</def></p>

<p><! p. 668 pr=JMD !></p>

<p><hw>Hand"cuff`</hw> (h&abreve;nd"k&ubreve;f`), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Handcuffed</u> (- k&ubreve;ft`); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Handcuffing</u>.] <def>To apply handcuffs to; to manacle.</def> <i>Hay (1754).</i></p>

<p><hw>Hand"ed</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>With hands joined; hand in hand.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Into their inmost bower,<BR> <i>Handed</i> they went.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Having a peculiar or characteristic hand.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>As poisonous tongued as <i>handed</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p>&fist; <i>Handed</i> is used in composition in the sense of <i>having</i> (such or so many) <i>hands</i>; as, bloody- <i>handed</i>; free-<i>handed</i>; heavy-<i>handed</i>; left- <i>handed</i>; single-<i>handed</i>.</p>

<p><hw>Hand"er</hw> (-&etilde;r), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who hands over or transmits; a conveyer in succession.</def> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hand"fast`</hw> (-f&adot;st`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Hold; grasp; custody; power of confining or keeping.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Contract; specifically, espousal.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Hand"fast`</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Fast by contract; betrothed by joining hands.</def> [Obs.] <i>Bale.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hand"fast`</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Handfasted</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Handfasting</u>.] <def>To pledge; to bind; to betroth by joining hands, in order to permit cohabitation, before the celebration of marriage.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Hand"fast`</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [G. <i>handfest</i>; <i>hand</i> hand + <i>fest</i> strong. See <u>Fast</u>.] <def>Strong; steadfast.</def>[R.] <i>Carlyle.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hand"fast`ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a handfast or publicly pledged manner.</def> [Obs.] <i>Holinshed.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hand"fish`</hw> (-f&ibreve;sh`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The frogfish.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hand"ful</hw> (-f&usdot;l), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Handfuls</b></plw> (-f&usdot;lz). [AS. <i>handfull</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>As much as the hand will grasp or contain.</def> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A hand's breadth; four inches.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Knap the tongs together about a <i>handful</i> from the bottom.</blockquote> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A small quantity or number.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>This <i>handful</i> of men were tied to very hard duty.</blockquote> <i>Fuller.</i></p>

<p><col><b>To have one's handful</b></col>, <cd>to have one's hands full; to have all one can do.</cd> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>They <i>had their handful</i> to defend themselves from firing.</blockquote> <i>Sir. W. Raleigh.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hand"-hole`</hw> (-h&omacr;l`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Steam Boilers)</i> <def>A small hole in a boiler for the insertion of the hand in cleaning, etc.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Hand-hole plate</b></col>, <cd>the cover of a hand- hole.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Hand"i*cap</hw> (h&abreve;n"d&ibreve;*k&abreve;p), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From <i>hand in cap</i>; — perh. in reference to an old mode of settling a bargain by taking pieces of money from a cap.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>An allowance of a certain amount of time or distance in starting, granted in a race to the competitor possessing inferior advantages; or an additional weight or other hindrance imposed upon the one possessing superior advantages, in order to equalize, as much as possible, the chances of success; as, the <i>handicap</i> was five seconds, or ten pounds, and the like.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A race, for horses or men, or any contest of agility, strength, or skill, in which there is an allowance of time, distance, weight, or other advantage, to equalize the chances of the competitors.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>An old game at cards.</def> [Obs.] <i>Pepys.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hand"i*cap</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Handicapped</u> (-k&abreve;pt); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Handicapping</u>.] <def>To encumber with a handicap in any contest; hence, in general, to place at disadvantage; as, the candidate was heavily <i>handicapped</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hand"i*cap`per</hw> (-k&abreve;p`p&etilde;r), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who determines the conditions of a handicap.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hand"i*craft</hw> (h&abreve;nd"&ibreve;*kr&adot;ft), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [For <i>handcraft</i>, influenced by <i>handiwork</i>; AS. <i>handcr&aelig;ft</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A trade requiring skill of hand; manual occupation; handcraft.</def> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A man who earns his living by handicraft; a handicraftsman.</def> [R.] <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hand"i*crafts`man</hw> (-kr&adot;fts`m<i>a</i>n), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>-men</b></plw> (- m<i>e</i>n). <def>A man skilled or employed in handcraft.</def> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hand"i*ly</hw> (-&ibreve;*l&ybreve;), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> [See <u>Handy</u>.] <def>In a handy manner; skillfully; conveniently.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hand"i*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality or state of being handy.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hand"i`ron</hw> (-&imacr;`&ubreve;rn), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Andiron</u>.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Hand"i*work`</hw> (-&ibreve;*w&ucirc;rk`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>handiwerc</i>, AS. <i>handgeweorc</i>; <i>hand</i> hand + <i>geweorc</i> work; prefix <i>ge-</i> + <i>weorc</i>. See <u>Work</u>.] <def>Work done by the hands; hence, any work done personally.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The firmament showeth his <i>handiwork</i>.</blockquote> <i>Ps. xix. 1.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hand"ker*cher</hw> (h&abreve;&nsm;"k&etilde;r*ch&etilde;r), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A handkerchief.</def> [Obs. or Colloq.] <i>Chapman (1654). Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hand"ker*chief</hw> (h&abreve;&nsm;"k&etilde;r*ch&ibreve;f; 277), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Hand</i> + <i>kerchief</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A piece of cloth, usually square and often fine and elegant, carried for wiping the face or hands.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A piece of cloth shaped like a handkerchief to be worn about the neck; a neckerchief; a neckcloth.</def></p>

<p><hw>Han"dle</hw> (h&abreve;n"d'l), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Handled</u> (-d'ld); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Handling</u>(-dl&ibreve;ng).] [OE. <i>handlen</i>, AS. <i>handlian</i>; akin to D. <i>handelen</i> to trade, G. <i>handeln</i>. See <u>Hand</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To touch; to feel with the hand; to use or hold with the hand.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Handle</i> me, and see; for a spirit hath not flesh.</blockquote> <i>Luke xxiv. 39.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>About his altar, <i>handling</i> holy things.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To manage in using, as a spade or a musket; to wield; often, to manage skillfully.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>That fellow <i>handles</i> his bow like a crowkeeper.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To accustom to the hand; to work upon, or take care of, with the hands.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The hardness of the winters forces the breeders to house and <i>handle</i> their colts six months every year.</blockquote> <i>Sir W. Temple.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To receive and transfer; to have pass through one's hands; hence, to buy and sell; as, a merchant <i>handles</i> a variety of goods, or a large stock.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>To deal with; to make a business of.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>They that <i>handle</i> the law knew me not.</blockquote> <i>Jer. ii. 8.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>To treat; to use, well or ill.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>How wert thou <i>handled</i> being prisoner?</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <def>To manage; to control; to practice skill upon.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>You shall see how I will <i>handle</i> her.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>8.</b></sn> <def>To use or manage in writing or speaking; to treat, as a theme, an argument, or an objection.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>We will <i>handle</i> what persons are apt to envy others.</blockquote> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><col><b>To handle without gloves</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Glove</u>.</cd> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><hw>Han"dle</hw> (h&abreve;n"d'l), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To use the hands.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>They have hands, but they <i>handle</i> not.</blockquote> <i>Ps. cxv. 7.</i></p>

<p><hw>Han"dle</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>handle</i>. See <u>Hand</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>That part of vessels, instruments, etc., which is held in the hand when used or moved, as the haft of a sword, the knob of a door, the bail of a kettle, etc.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>That of which use is made; the instrument for effecting a purpose; a tool.</def> <i>South.</i></p>

<p><col><b>To give a handle</b></col>, <cd>to furnish an occasion or means.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Han"dle*a*ble</hw> (-&adot;*b'l), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Capable of being handled.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hand"less</hw> (h&abreve;nd"l&ebreve;s), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Without a hand.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Han"dling</hw> (h&abreve;n"dl&ibreve;ng), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>handlung</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A touching, controlling, managing, using, etc., with the hand or hands, or as with the hands. See <u>Handle</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos></def></p>

<p><blockquote>The heavens and your fair <i>handling</i><BR> Have made you master of the field this day.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Drawing, Painting, etc.)</i> <def>The mode of using the pencil or brush, etc.; style of touch.</def> <i>Fairholt.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hand"made`</hw> (h&abreve;nd"m&amacr;d`), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Manufactured by hand; as, <i>handmade</i> shoes.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Hand"maid`</hw> (-m&amacr;d`), <hw>Hand"maiden</hw> (-'n), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A maid that waits at hand; a female servant or attendant.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hand"saw`</hw> (-s&add;`) <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A saw used with one hand.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hand"sel</hw> (h&abreve;nd"s&ebreve;l), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Written also <i>hansel</i>.] [OE. <i>handsal</i>, <i>hansal</i>, <i>hansel</i>, AS. <i>handselen</i>a giving into hands, or more prob. fr. Icel. <i>handsal</i>; <i>hand</i> hand + <i>sal</i> sale, bargain; akin to AS. <i>sellan</i> to give, deliver. See <u>Sell</u>, <u>Sale</u>. ] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A sale, gift, or delivery into the hand of another; especially, a sale, gift, delivery, or using which is the first of a series, and regarded as an omen for the rest; a first installment; an earnest; as the first money received for the sale of goods in the morning, the first money taken at a shop newly opened, the first present sent to a young woman on her wedding day, etc.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Their first good <i>handsel</i> of breath in this world.</blockquote> <i>Fuller.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Our present tears here, not our present laughter,<BR> Are but the <i>handsels</i> of our joys hereafter.</blockquote> <i>Herrick.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Price; payment.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Handsel Monday</b></col>, <cd>the first Monday of the new year, when <i>handsels</i> or presents are given to servants, children, etc.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Hand"sel</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Handseled</u> or <u>Handselled</u> (h&abreve;nd"s&ebreve;ld); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Handseling</u> or <u>Handselling</u>.] [Written also <i>hansel</i>.] [OE <i>handsellen</i>, <i>hansellen</i>; cf. Icel. <i>hadsala</i>, <i>handselja</i>. See <u>Handsel</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To give a handsel to.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To use or do for the first time, esp. so as to make fortunate or unfortunate; to try experimentally.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>No contrivance of our body, but some good man in Scripture hath <i>handseled</i> it with prayer.</blockquote> <i>Fuller.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hand"some</hw> (h&abreve;n"s&ubreve;m; 277), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<pos><i>Compar.</i></pos> <u>Handsomer</u> (- &etilde;r); <pos><i>superl.</i></pos> <u>Handsomest</u>.] [<i>Hand</i> + <i>-some</i>. It at first meant, dexterous; cf. D. <i>handzaam</i> dexterous, ready, limber, manageable, and E. <i>handy</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Dexterous; skillful; handy; ready; convenient; — applied to things as persons.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>That they [engines of war] be both easy to be carried and <i>handsome</i> to be moved and turned about.</blockquote> <i>Robynson (Utopia).</i></p>

<p><blockquote>For a thief it is so <i>handsome</i> as it may seem it was first invented for him.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Agreeable to the eye or to correct taste; having a pleasing appearance or expression; attractive; having symmetry and dignity; comely; — expressing more than <i>pretty</i>, and less than <i>beautiful</i>; as, a <i>handsome</i> man or woman; a <i>handsome</i> garment, house, tree, horse.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Suitable or fit in action; marked with propriety and ease; graceful; becoming; appropriate; as, a <i>handsome</i> style, etc.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Easiness and <i>handsome</i> address in writing.</blockquote> <i>Felton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Evincing a becoming generosity or nobleness of character; liberal; generous.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Handsome</i> is as <i>handsome</i> does.</blockquote> <i>Old Proverb.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>Ample; moderately large.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He . . . accumulated a <i>handsome</i> sum of money.</blockquote> <i>V. Knox.</i></p>

<p><col><b>To do the handsome thing</b></col>, <cd>to act liberally.</cd> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — <u>Handsome</u>, <u>Pretty</u>. <i>Pretty</i> applies to things comparatively small, which please by their delicacy and grace; as, a <i>pretty</i> girl, a <i>pretty</i> flower, a <i>pretty</i> cottage. <i>Handsome</i> rises higher, and is applied to objects on a larger scale. We admire what is <i>handsome</i>, we are pleased with what is <i>pretty</i>. The word is connected with <i>hand</i>, and has thus acquired the idea of training, cultivation, symmetry, and proportion, which enters so largely into our conception of <i>handsome</i>. Thus Drayton makes mention of <i>handsome</i> players, meaning those who are well trained; and hence we speak of a man's having a <i>handsome</i> address, which is the result of culture; of a <i>handsome</i> horse or dog, which implies well proportioned limbs; of a <i>handsome</i> face, to which, among other qualities, the idea of proportion and a graceful contour are essential; of a <i>handsome</i> tree, and a <i>handsome</i> house or villa. So, from this idea of proportion or suitableness, we have, with a different application, the expressions, a <i>handsome</i> fortune, a <i>handsome</i> offer.</p>

<p><hw>Hand"some</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To render handsome.</def> [Obs.] <i>Donne</i></p>

<p><hw>Hand"some*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>In a handsome manner.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>Carefully; in shipshape style.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hand"some*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality of being handsome.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Handsomeness</i> is the mere animal excellence, beauty the mere imaginative.</blockquote> <i>Hare.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hand"spike`</hw> (h&abreve;nd"sp&imacr;k`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A bar or lever, generally of wood, used in a windlass or capstan, for heaving anchor, and, in modified forms, for various purposes.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hand"spring`</hw> (-spr&ibreve;ng), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A somersault made with the assistance of the hands placed upon the ground.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hand"-tight`</hw> (-t&imacr;t`), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>As tight as can be made by the hand.</def> <i>Totten.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hand"wheel`</hw> (-hw&emacr;l), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Mach.)</i> <def>Any wheel worked by hand; esp., one the rim of which serves as the handle by which a valve, car brake, or other part is adjusted.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hand"-winged`</hw> (h&abreve;nd"w&ibreve;ngd`), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Having wings that are like hands in the structure and arrangement of their bones; — said of bats. See <u>Cheiroptera</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hand"writ`ing</hw> (-r&imacr;t"&ibreve;ng), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The cast or form of writing peculiar to each hand or person; chirography.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>That which is written by hand; manuscript.</def></p>

<p><col><b>The handwriting on the wall</b></col>, <cd>a doom pronounced; an omen of disaster.</cd> <i>Dan. v. 5.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hand"y</hw> (h&abreve;nd"&ybreve;), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<pos><i>Compar.</i></pos> <u>Handier</u> (-&ibreve;*&etilde;r); <pos><i>superl.</i></pos> <u>Handiest</u>.] [OE. <i>hendi</i>, AS. <i>hendig</i> (in comp.), fr. <i>hand</i> hand; akin to D. <i>handig</i>, Goth. <i>handugs</i> clever, wise.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Performed by the hand.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>To draw up and come to <i>handy</i> strokes.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Skillful in using the hand; dexterous; ready; adroit.</def> "Each is <i>handy</i> in his way." <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Ready to the hand; near; also, suited to the use of the hand; convenient; valuable for reference or use; as, my tools are <i>handy</i>; a <i>handy</i> volume.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>Easily managed; obedient to the helm; — said of a vessel.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hand"y-dan`dy</hw> (-d&abreve;n`d&ybreve;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A child's play, one child guessing in which closed hand the other holds some small object, winning the object if right and forfeiting an equivalent if wrong; hence, forfeit.</def> <i>Piers Plowman.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hand"y*fight`</hw> (-f&imacr;t), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A fight with the hands; boxing.</def> "Pollux loves <i>handyfights</i>." <i>B. Jonson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hand"y*gripe`</hw> (-gr&imacr;p`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Seizure by, or grasp of, the hand; also, close quarters in fighting.</def> <i>Hudibras.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hand"y*stroke`</hw> (-str&omacr;k`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A blow with the hand.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hand"y*work`</hw> (-w&ucirc;rk`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Handiwork</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hang</hw> (h&abreve;ng), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Hanged</u> (h&abreve;ngd) or <u>Hung</u> (h&ubreve;ng); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Hanging</u>. The use of <i>hanged</i> is preferable to that of <i>hung</i>, when reference is had to death or execution by suspension, and it is also more common.] [OE. <i>hangen</i>, <i>hongien</i>, v. t. & i., AS. <i>hangian</i>, v. i., fr. <i>h&omacr;n</i>, v. t. (imp. <i>heng</i>, p. p. <i>hongen</i>); akin to OS. <i>hang&omacr;n</i>, v. i., D. <i>hangen</i>, v. t. & i., G. <i>hangen</i>, v. i., <i>h&auml;ngen</i>, v. t., Icel. <i>hanga</i>, v. i., Goth. <i>h&amacr;han</i>, v. t. (imp. <i>ha&iacute;hah</i>), <i>h&amacr;han</i>, v. i. (imp. <i>hahaida</i>), and perh. to L. <i>cunctari</i> to delay. &radic;37. ] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To suspend; to fasten to some elevated point without support from below; — often used with <i>up</i> or <i>out</i>; as, to <i>hang</i> a coat on a hook; to <i>hang</i> up a sign; to <i>hang</i> out a banner.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To fasten in a manner which will allow of free motion upon the point or points of suspension; — said of a pendulum, a swing, a door, gate, etc.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To fit properly, as at a proper angle (a part of an implement that is swung in using), as a scythe to its snath, or an ax to its helve.</def> [U. S.]</p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To put to death by suspending by the neck; — a form of capital punishment; as, to <i>hang</i> a murderer.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>To cover, decorate, or furnish by hanging pictures, trophies, drapery, and the like, or by covering with paper hangings; — said of a wall, a room, etc.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Hung</i> be the heavens with black.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>And <i>hung</i> thy holy roofs with savage spoils.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>To paste, as paper hangings, on the walls of a room.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <def>To hold or bear in a suspended or inclined manner or position instead of erect; to droop; as, he <i>hung</i> his head in shame.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Cowslips wan that <i>hang</i> the pensive head.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><col><b>To hang down</b></col>, <cd>to let fall below the proper position; to bend down; to decline; as, to <i>hang down</i> the head, or, elliptically, to <i>hang</i> the head.</cd> — <col><b>To hang fire</b></col> <i>(Mil.)</i>, <cd>to be slow in communicating fire through the vent to the charge; as, the gun <i>hangs fire</i>; hence, to hesitate, to hold back as if in suspense.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Hang</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To be suspended or fastened to some elevated point without support from below; to dangle; to float; to rest; to remain; to stay.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To be fastened in such a manner as to allow of free motion on the point or points of suspension.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To die or be put to death by suspension from the neck.</def> [R.] "Sir Balaam <i>hangs</i>." <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To hold for support; to depend; to cling; — usually with <i>on</i> or <i>upon</i>; as, this question <i>hangs</i> on a single point.</def> "Two infants <i>hanging</i> on her neck." <i>Peacham.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>To be, or be like, a suspended weight.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Life <i>hangs</i> upon me, and becomes a burden.</blockquote> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>To hover; to impend; to appear threateningly; — usually with <i>over</i>; as, evils <i>hang</i> over the country.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <def>To lean or incline; to incline downward.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>To decide which way <i>hung</i> the victory.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>His neck obliquely o'er his shoulder <i>hung</i>.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>8.</b></sn> <def>To slope down; as, <i>hanging</i> grounds.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>9.</b></sn> <def>To be undetermined or uncertain; to be in suspense; to linger; to be delayed.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A noble stroke he lifted high,<BR> Which <i>hung</i> not, but so swift with tempest fell<BR> On the proud crest of Satan.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><col><b>To hang around</b></col>, <cd>to loiter idly about.</cd> - - <col><b>To hang back</b></col>, <cd>to hesitate; to falter; to be reluctant.</cd> "If any one among you <i>hangs back</i>." <i>Jowett (Thucyd.).</i> — <col><b>To hang by the eyelids</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>To hang by a very slight hold or tenure.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>To be in an unfinished condition; to be left incomplete.</cd> — <col><b>To hang in doubt</b></col>, <cd>to be in suspense.</cd> — <col><b>To hang on</b></col><cd> (with the emphasis on the preposition), to keep hold; to hold fast; to stick; to be persistent, as a disease.</cd> — <col><b>To hang on the</b></col> <col><b>lips, words</b></col>, etc., <cd>to be charmed by eloquence.</cd> — <col><b>To hang out</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>To be hung out so as to be displayed; to project.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>To be unyielding; as, the juryman <i>hangs out</i> against an agreement.</cd> [Colloq.] — <col><b>To hang over</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>To project at the top.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>To impend over.</cd> — <col><b>To hang to</b></col>, <cd>to cling.</cd> — <col><b>To hang together</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>To remain united; to stand by one another.</cd> "We are all of a piece; we <i>hang together</i>." <i>Dryden.</i> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>To be self- consistent; as, the story does not <i>hang together</i>.</cd> [Colloq.] — <col><b>To hang upon</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>To regard with passionate affection.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <i>(Mil.)</i> <cd>To hover around; as, <i>to hang upon</i> the flanks of a retreating enemy.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Hang</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The manner in which one part or thing hangs upon, or is connected with, another; as, the <i>hang</i> of a scythe.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Connection; arrangement; plan; as, the <i>hang</i> of a discourse.</def> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><! p. 669 pr=JMD !></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A sharp or steep declivity or slope.</def> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><col><b>To get the hang of</b></col>, <cd>to learn the method or arrangement of; hence, to become accustomed to.</cd> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><hw>Hang"bird`</hw> (h&abreve;ng"b&etilde;rd`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The Baltimore oriole (<i>Icterus galbula</i>); — so called because its nest is suspended from the limb of a tree. See <u>Baltimore oriole</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hang"-by`</hw> (-b&imacr;`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Hang-bies</b></plw> (-b&imacr;z`). <def>A dependent; a hanger-on; — so called in contempt.</def> <i>B. Jonson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hang"dog`</hw> (-d&obreve;g`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A base, degraded person; a sneak; a gallows bird.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hang"dog`</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Low; sneaking; ashamed.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The poor colonel went out of the room with a <i>hangdog</i> look.</blockquote> <i>Thackeray.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hang"er</hw> (-&etilde;r), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who hangs, or causes to be hanged; a hangman.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>That by which a thing is suspended.</def> Especially: <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A strap hung to the girdle, by which a dagger or sword is suspended.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <i>(Mach.)</i> <def>A part that suspends a journal box in which shafting runs. See <i>Illust.</i> of <u>Countershaft</u>.</def> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <def>A bridle iron.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>That which hangs or is suspended, as a sword worn at the side; especially, in the 18th century, a short, curved sword.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>A steep, wooded declivity.</def> [Eng.] <i>Gilbert White.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hang"er-on`</hw> (-&obreve;n`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Hangers-on</b></plw> (-&etilde;rz-&obreve;n`). <def>One who hangs on, or sticks to, a person, place, or service; a dependent; one who adheres to others' society longer than he is wanted.</def> <i>Goldsmith.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hang"ing</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Requiring, deserving, or foreboding death by the halter.</def> "What a <i>hanging</i> face!" <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Suspended from above; pendent; as, <i>hanging</i> shelves.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Adapted for sustaining a hanging object; as, the <i>hanging</i> post of a gate, the post which holds the hinges.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Hanging compass</b></col>, <cd>a compass suspended so that the card may be read from beneath.</cd> — <col><b>Hanging garden</b></col>, <cd>a garden sustained at an artificial elevation by any means, as by the terraces at Babylon.</cd> — <col><b>Hanging indentation</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Indentation</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Hanging rail</b></col> <i>(Arch.)</i>, <cd>that rail of a door or casement to which hinges are attached.</cd> — <col><b>Hanging side</b></col> <i>(Mining)</i>, <cd>the overhanging side of an inclined or hading vein.</cd> — <col><b>Hanging sleeves</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>Strips of the same stuff as the gown, hanging down the back from the shoulders.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>Loose, flowing sleeves.</cd> — <col><b>Hanging stile</b></col>. <i>(Arch.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>That stile of a door to which hinges are secured.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>That upright of a window frame to which casements are hinged, or in which the pulleys for sash windows are fastened.</cd> — <col><b>Hanging wall</b></col> <i>(Mining)</i>, <cd>the upper wall of inclined vein, or that which hangs over the miner's head when working in the vein.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Hang"ing</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of suspending anything; the state of being suspended.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Death by suspension; execution by a halter.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>That which is hung as lining or drapery for the walls of a room, as tapestry, paper, etc., or to cover or drape a door or window; — used chiefly in the plural.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Now purple <i>hangings</i> clothe the palace walls.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hang"man</hw> (h&abreve;ng"m<i>a</i>n), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Hangmen</b></plw>(-m<i>e</i>n). <def>One who hangs another; esp., one who makes a business of hanging; a public executioner; — sometimes used as a term of reproach, without reference to office.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hang"man*ship</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The office or character of a hangman.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hang"nail`</hw> (-n&amacr;l`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [A corruption of <i>agnail</i>.] <def>A small piece or sliver of skin which hangs loose, near the root of a finger nail.</def> <i>Holloway.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hang"nest`</hw> (-n&ebreve;st`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A nest that hangs like a bag or pocket.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A bird which builds such a nest; a hangbird.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hank</hw> (h&abreve;nk), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. Dan. <i>hank</i> handle, Sw. <i>hank</i> a band or tie, Icel. <i>hanki</i> hasp, clasp, <i>h&ouml;nk</i>, <i>hangr</i>, hank, coil, skein, G. <i>henkel</i>, <i>henk</i>, handle; all prob. akin to E. <i>hang</i>. See <u>Hang</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A parcel consisting of two or more skeins of yarn or thread tied together.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A rope or withe for fastening a gate.</def> [Prov. Eng.]</p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Hold; influence.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>When the devil hath got such a <i>hank</i> over him.</blockquote> <i>Bp. Sanderson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>A ring or eye of rope, wood, or iron, attached to the edge of a sail and running on a stay.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hank</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> [OE. <i>hanken</i>.] <def>To fasten with a rope, as a gate.</def> [Prov. Eng.] <i>Wright.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To form into hanks.</def></p>

<p><hw>Han"ker</hw> (h&abreve;&nsm;"k&etilde;r), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Hankered</u> (- k&etilde;rd); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Hankering</u>.] [Prob. fr. <i>hang</i>; cf. D. <i>hunkeren</i>, <i>hengelen</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To long (for) with a keen appetite and uneasiness; to have a vehement desire; — usually with <i>for</i> or <i>after</i>; as, to <i>hanker</i> after fruit; to <i>hanker</i> after the diversions of the town.</def> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>He was <i>hankering</i> to join his friend.</blockquote> <i>J. A. Symonds.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To linger in expectation or with desire.</def> <i>Thackeray.</i></p>

<p><hw>Han"ker*ing*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a hankering manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Han"key-pan"key</hw> (h&abreve;&nsm;"k&ybreve;*p&abreve;&nsm;"k&ybreve;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. <u>Hocus-pocus</u>.] <def>Professional cant; the chatter of conjurers to divert attention from their tricks; hence, jugglery.</def> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><hw>Han`o*ve"ri*an</hw> (h&abreve;n`&osl;*v&emacr;"r&ibreve;*<i>a</i>n), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to Hanover or its people, or to the House of Hanover in England.</def></p>

<p><hw>Han`o*ve"ri*an</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A native or naturalized inhabitant of Hanover; one of the House of Hanover.</def></p>

<p><hw>Han"sa</hw> (h&abreve;n"s&adot;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See 2d <u>Hanse</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Han"sard</hw> (-s&etilde;rd), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>An official report of proceedings in the British Parliament; — so called from the name of the publishers.</def></p>

<p><hw>Han"sard</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A merchant of one of the Hanse towns. See the Note under 2d <u>Hanse</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hanse</hw> (h&abreve;ns), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>anse</i> handle, <i>anse de panier</i> surbased arch, flat arch, vault, and E. <i>haunch</i> hip.] <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>That part of an elliptical or many-centered arch which has the shorter radius and immediately adjoins the impost.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hanse</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [G. <i>hanse</i>, or F. <i>hanse</i> (from German), OHG. & Goth. <i>hansa</i>; akin to AS. <i>h&omacr;s</i> band, troop.] <def>An association; a league or confederacy.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Hanse towns</b></col> <i>(Hist.)</i>, <cd>certain commercial cities in Germany which associated themselves for the protection and enlarging of their commerce. The confederacy, called also <i>Hansa</i> and <i>Hanseatic league</i>, held its first diet in 1260, and was maintained for nearly four hundred years. At one time the league comprised eighty-five cities. Its remnants, L&uuml;beck, Hamburg, and Bremen, are <i>free cities</i>, and are still frequently called <i>Hanse towns</i>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Han`se*at"ic</hw> (h&abreve;n`s&esl;*&abreve;t"&ibreve;k), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pertaining to the Hanse towns, or to their confederacy.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Hanseatic league</b></col>. <cd>See under 2d <u>Hanse</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Han"sel</hw> (h&abreve;n"s&ebreve;l), <pos><i>n. & v.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Handsel</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Han"sel*ines</hw> (h&auml;n"s<i>e</i>l*&imacr;nz), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A sort of breeches.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Han"som</hw> (h&abreve;n"s&ubreve;m), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, <hw>Han"som cab`</hw> (k&abreve;b`). [From the name of the inventor.] <def>A light, low, two-wheeled covered carriage with the driver's seat elevated behind, the reins being passed over the top.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He hailed a cruising <i>hansom</i> . . . " 'Tis the gondola of London," said Lothair.</blockquote> <i>Beaconsfield.</i></p>

<p><hw>Han't</hw> (h&amacr;nt; <i>in England</i>, h&auml;nt). <def>A contraction of <i>have not</i>, or <i>has not</i>, used in illiterate speech. In the United States the commoner spelling is <i>hain't</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Han"u*man</hw> (h&adot;n"&usdot;*m<i>a</i>n), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Hoonoomaun</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hap</hw> (h&abreve;p), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [OE. <i>happen</i>.] <def>To clothe; to wrap.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The surgeon <i>happed</i> her up carefully.</blockquote> <i>Dr. J. Brown.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hap</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. <u>Hap</u> to clothe.] <def>A cloak or plaid.</def> [O. Eng. & Scot.]</p>

<p><hw>Hap</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Icel. <i>happ</i> unexpected good luck. &radic;39.] <def>That which happens or comes suddenly or unexpectedly; also, the manner of occurrence or taking place; chance; fortune; accident; casual event; fate; luck; lot.</def> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Whether art it was or heedless <i>hap</i>.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Cursed be good <i>haps</i>, and cursed be they that build<BR> Their hopes on <i>haps</i>.</blockquote> <i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Loving goes by <i>haps</i>:<BR> Some Cupid kills with arrows, some with traps.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hap</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [OE. <i>happen</i>. See <u>Hap</u> chance, and cf. <u>Happen</u>.] <def>To happen; to befall; to chance.</def> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Sends word of all that <i>haps</i> in Tyre.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ha'"pen*ny</hw> (h&amacr;"p&ebreve;n*n&ybreve;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A half-penny.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hap"haz`ard</hw> (h&abreve;p"h&abreve;z`&etilde;rd or h&abreve;p`h&abreve;z"-), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Hap</i> + <i>hazard</i>.] <def>Extra hazard; chance; accident; random.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>We take our principles at <i>haphazard</i>, upon trust.</blockquote> <i>Locke.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hap"less</hw> (h&abreve;p"l&ebreve;s), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Without hap or luck; luckless; unfortunate; unlucky; unhappy; as, <i>hapless</i> youth; <i>hapless</i> maid.</def> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hap"less*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a hapless, unlucky manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Ha*plo"mi</hw> (h&adot;*pl&omacr;"m&imacr;), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. <grk>"aplo`os</grk> simple + <grk>'w^mos</grk> shoulder.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>An order of freshwater fishes, including the true pikes, cyprinodonts, and blindfishes.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hap`lo*stem"o*nous</hw> (h&abreve;p`l&osl;*st&ebreve;m"&osl;*n&ubreve;s), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>"aplo`os</grk> simple + <grk>sth`mwn</grk> a thread.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Having but one series of stamens, and that equal in number to the proper number of petals; isostemonous.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hap"ly</hw> (h&abreve;p"l&ybreve;), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>By hap, chance, luck, or accident; perhaps; it may be.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Lest <i>haply</i> ye be found even to fight against God.</blockquote> <i>Acts v. 39.</i></p>

<p><hw>Happed</hw> (h&abreve;pt), <pos><i>p. a.</i></pos> [From 1st <u>Hap</u>.] <def>Wrapped; covered; cloaked.</def> [Scot.]</p>

<p><blockquote>All <i>happed</i> with flowers in the green wood were.</blockquote> <i>Hogg.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hap"pen</hw> (h&abreve;p"p'n), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Happened</u> (-p'nd); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Happening</u>.] [OE. <i>happenen</i>, <i>hapnen</i>. See <u>Hap</u> to happen.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To come by chance; to come without previous expectation; to fall out.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>There shall no evil <i>happen</i> to the just.</blockquote> <i>Prov. xii. 21.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To take place; to occur.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>All these things which had <i>happened</i>.</blockquote> <i>Luke xxiv. 14.</i></p>

<p><col><b>To happen on</b></col>, <cd>to meet with; to fall or light upon.</cd> "I have <i>happened on</i> some other accounts." <i>Graunt.</i> — <col><b>To happen in</b></col>, <cd>to make a casual call.</cd> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><hw>Hap"pi*ly</hw> (h&abreve;p"p&ibreve;*l&ybreve;), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> [From <u>Happy</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>By chance; peradventure; haply.</def> [Obs.] <i>Piers Plowman.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>By good fortune; fortunately; luckily.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Preferred by conquest, <i>happily</i> o'erthrown.</blockquote> <i>Waller.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>In a happy manner or state; in happy circumstances; as, he lived <i>happily</i> with his wife.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>With address or dexterity; gracefully; felicitously; in a manner to insure success; with success.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Formed by thy converse, <i>happily</i> to steer<BR> From grave to gay, from lively to severe.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Fortunately; luckily; successfully; prosperously; contentedly; dexterously; felicitously.</p>

<p><hw>Hap"pi*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From <u>Happy</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Good luck; good fortune; prosperity.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>All <i>happiness</i> bechance to thee in Milan!</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>An agreeable feeling or condition of the soul arising from good fortune or propitious happening of any kind; the possession of those circumstances or that state of being which is attended with enjoyment; the state of being happy; contentment; joyful satisfaction; felicity; blessedness.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Fortuitous elegance; unstudied grace; — used especially of language.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Some beauties yet no precepts can declare,<BR> For there's a <i>happiness</i>, as well as care.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — <u>Happiness</u>, <u>Felicity</u>, <u>Blessedness</u>, <u>Bliss</u>. <i>Happiness</i> is generic, and is applied to almost every kind of enjoyment except that of the animal appetites; <i>felicity</i> is a more formal word, and is used more sparingly in the same general sense, but with elevated associations; <i>blessedness</i> is applied to the most refined enjoyment arising from the purest social, benevolent, and religious affections; <i>bliss</i> denotes still more exalted delight, and is applied more appropriately to the joy anticipated in heaven.</p>

<p><blockquote>O <i>happiness</i>! our being's end and aim!</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Others in virtue place <i>felicity</i>,<BR> But virtue joined with riches and long life;<BR> In corporal pleasures he, and careless ease.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>His overthrow heaped <i>happiness</i> upon him;<BR> For then, and not till then, he felt himself,<BR> And found the <i>blessedness</i> of being little.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hap"py</hw> (h&abreve;p"p&ybreve;), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<pos><i>Compar.</i></pos> <u>Happier</u> (-p&ibreve;*&etilde;r); <pos><i>superl.</i></pos> <u>Happiest</u>.] [From <u>Hap</u> chance.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Favored by hap, luck, or fortune; lucky; fortunate; successful; prosperous; satisfying desire; as, a <i>happy</i> expedient; a <i>happy</i> effort; a <i>happy</i> venture; a <i>happy</i> omen.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Chymists have been more <i>happy</i> in finding experiments than the causes of them.</blockquote> <i>Boyle.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Experiencing the effect of favorable fortune; having the feeling arising from the consciousness of well- being or of enjoyment; enjoying good of any kind, as peace, tranquillity, comfort; contented; joyous; as, <i>happy</i> hours, <i>happy</i> thoughts.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Happy</i> is that people, whose God is the Lord.</blockquote> <i>Ps. cxliv. 15.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The learned is <i>happy</i> Nature to explore,<BR> The fool is <i>happy</i> that he knows no more.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Dexterous; ready; apt; felicitous.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>One gentleman is <i>happy</i> at a reply, another excels in a rejoinder.</blockquote> <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Happy family</b></col>, <cd>a collection of animals of different and hostile propensities living peaceably together in one cage. Used ironically of conventional alliances of persons who are in fact mutually repugnant.</cd> — <col><b>Happy-go-lucky</b></col>, <cd>trusting to hap or luck; improvident; easy-going.</cd> "<i>Happy- go-lucky</i> carelessness." <i>W. Black.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Ha*pu"ku</hw> (h&adot;*p&oomac;"k&oomac;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A large and valuable food fish (<i>Polyprion prognathus</i>) of New Zealand. It sometimes weighs one hundred pounds or more.</def></p>

<p><hw>Haque"but</hw> (h&abreve;k"b&ubreve;t), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Hagbut</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ha"ra-ki`ri</hw> (h&add;"r&add;*k&emacr;`r&ibreve;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Jap., stomach cutting.] <def>Suicide, by slashing the abdomen, formerly practiced in Japan, and commanded by the government in the cases of disgraced officials; disembowelment; - - also written, but incorrectly, <i>hari-kari</i>.</def> <i>W. E. Griffis.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ha*rangue"</hw> (h&adot;*r&abreve;ng"), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>harangue</i>: cf. Sp. <i>arenga</i>, It. <i>aringa</i>; lit., a speech before a multitude or on the hustings, It. <i>aringo</i> arena, hustings, pulpit; all fr. OHG. <i>hring</i> ring, anything round, ring of people, G. <i>ring</i>. See <u>Ring</u>.] <def>A speech addressed to a large public assembly; a popular oration; a loud address to a multitude; in a bad sense, a noisy or pompous speech; declamation; ranting.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Gray-headed men and grave, with warriors mixed,<BR> Assemble, and <i>harangues</i> are heard.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — <u>Harangue</u>, <u>Speech</u>, <u>Oration</u>. <i>Speech</i> is generic; an <i>oration</i> is an elaborate and rhetorical speech; an <i>harangue</i> is a vehement appeal to the passions, or a noisy, disputatious address. A general makes an <i>harangue</i> to his troops on the eve of a battle; a demagogue <i>harangues</i> the populace on the subject of their wrongs.</p>

<p><hw>Ha*rangue"</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Harangued</u> (h&adot;*r&abreve;ngd"); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Haranguing</u>.] [Cf. F. <i>haranguer</i>, It. <i>aringare</i>.] <def>To make an harangue; to declaim.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ha*rangue"</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To address by an harangue.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ha*rangue"ful</hw> (-f&usdot;l), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Full of harangue.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ha*rang"uer</hw> (h&adot;*r&abreve;ng"&etilde;r), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who harangues, or is fond of haranguing; a declaimer.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>With them join'd all th' <i>haranguers</i> of the throng,<BR> That thought to get preferment by the tongue.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Har"ass</hw> (h&abreve;r"<i>a</i>s), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Harassed</u> (-<i>a</i>st); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Harassing</u>.] [F. <i>harasser</i>; cf. OF. <i>harace</i> a basket made of cords, <i>harace</i>, <i>harasse</i>,a very heavy and large shield; or <i>harer</i> to set (a dog) on.] <def>To fatigue; to tire with repeated and exhausting efforts; esp., to weary by importunity, teasing, or fretting; to cause to endure excessive burdens or anxieties; — sometimes followed by <i>out</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>[Troops] <i>harassed</i> with a long and wearisome march.</blockquote> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Nature oppressed and <i>harass'd</i> out with care.</blockquote> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Vext with lawyers and <i>harass'd</i> with debt.</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — To weary; jade; tire; perplex; distress; tease; worry; disquiet; chafe; gall; annoy; irritate; plague; vex; molest; trouble; disturb; torment.</p>

<p><hw>Har"ass</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Devastation; waste.</def> [Obs.] <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Worry; harassment.</def> [R.] <i>Byron.</i></p>

<p><hw>Har"ass*er</hw> (-&etilde;r), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who harasses.</def></p>

<p><hw>Har"ass*ment</hw> (-m<i>e</i>nt), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The act of harassing, or state of being harassed; worry; annoyance; anxiety.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Little <i>harassments</i> which I am led to suspect do occasionally molest the most fortunate.</blockquote> <i>Ld. Lytton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Har"ber*ous</hw> (h&add;r"b&etilde;r*&ubreve;s), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Harborous.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>A bishop must be faultless, the husband of one wife, honestly appareled, <i>harberous</i>.</blockquote> <i>Tyndale (1 Tim. iii. 2).</i></p>

<p><hw>Har"bin*ger</hw> (-b&ibreve;n*j&etilde;r), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>herbergeour</i>, OF. <i>herbergeor</i> one who provides lodging, fr. <i>herbergier</i> to provide lodging, F. <i>h&eacute;berger</i>, OF. <i>herberge</i> lodging, inn, F. <i>auberge</i>; of German origin. See <u>Harbor</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who provides lodgings; especially, the officer of the English royal household who formerly preceded the court when traveling, to provide and prepare lodgings.</def> <i>Fuller.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A forerunner; a precursor; a messenger.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I knew by these <i>harbingers</i> who were coming.</blockquote> <i>Landor.</i></p>

<p><hw>Har"bin*ger</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Harbingered</u> (-j&etilde;rd); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Harbingering</u>.] <def>To usher in; to be a harbinger of.</def> "Thus did the star of religious freedom <i>harbinger</i> the day." <i>Bancroft.</i></p>

<p><hw>Har"bor</hw> (-b&etilde;r), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Written also <i>harbour</i>.] [OE. <i>herbor</i>, <i>herberwe</i>, <i>herberge</i>, Icel. <i>herbergi</i> (cf. OHG. <i>heriberga</i>), orig., a shelter for soldiers; <i>herr</i> army + <i>bjarga</i> to save, help, defend; akin to AS. <i>here</i> army, G. <i>heer</i>, OHG. <i>heri</i>, Goth. <i>harjis</i>, and AS. <i>beorgan</i> to save, shelter, defend, G. <i>bergen</i>. See <u>Harry</u>, <u>2d Bury</u>, and cf. <u>Harbinger</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A station for rest and entertainment; a place of security and comfort; a refuge; a shelter.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>[A grove] fair <i>harbour</i> that them seems.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>For <i>harbor</i> at a thousand doors they knocked.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Specif.: A lodging place; an inn.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Astrol.)</i> <def>The mansion of a heavenly body.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>A portion of a sea, a lake, or other large body of water, either landlocked or artificially protected so as to be a place of safety for vessels in stormy weather; a port or haven.</def></p>

<p><! p. 670 pr=JMD !></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <i>(Glass Works)</i> <def>A mixing box for materials.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Harbor dues</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>fees paid for the use of a harbor.</cd> — <col><b>Harbor seal</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the common seal.</cd> — <col><b>Harbor watch</b></col>, <cd>a watch set when a vessel is in port; an anchor watch.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Har"bor</hw> (h&auml;r"b&etilde;r), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [Written also <i>harbour</i>.] [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Harbored</u> (-b&etilde;rd); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Harboring</u>.] [OE. <i>herberen</i>, <i>herberwen</i>, <i>herbergen</i>; cf. Icel. <i>herbergja</i>. See <u>Harbor</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <def>To afford lodging to; to entertain as a guest; to shelter; to receive; to give a refuge to; to indulge or cherish (a thought or feeling, esp. an ill thought).</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Any place that <i>harbors</i> men.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The bare suspicion made it treason to <i>harbor</i> the person suspected.</blockquote> <i>Bp. Burnet.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Let not your gentle breast <i>harbor</i> one thought of outrage.</blockquote> <i>Rowe.</i></p>

<p><hw>Har"bor</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To lodge, or abide for a time; to take shelter, as in a harbor.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>For this night let's <i>harbor</i> here in York.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Har"bor*age</hw> (-&asl;j), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Shelter; entertainment.</def>[R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Where can I get me <i>harborage</i> for the night?</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Har"bor*er</hw> (-&etilde;r), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who, or that which, harbors.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Geneva was . . . a <i>harborer</i> of exiles for religion.</blockquote> <i>Strype.</i></p>

<p><hw>Har"bor*less</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Without a harbor; shelterless.</def></p>

<p><hw>Har"bor mas`ter</hw> (m&adot;s`t&etilde;r). <def>An officer charged with the duty of executing the regulations respecting the use of a harbor.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Har"bor*ough</hw> (-&osl;), <hw>Har"brough</hw> (-br&osl;), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Harbor</u>.] <def>A shelter.</def> [Obs.]. <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Har"bor*ous</hw> (-b&etilde;r*&ubreve;s), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Hospitable.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Hard</hw> (h&auml;rd), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<pos><i>Compar.</i></pos> <u>Harder</u> (-&etilde;r); <pos><i>superl.</i></pos> <u>Hardest</u>.] [OE. <i>hard</i>, <i>heard</i>, AS. <i>heard</i>; akin to OS. & D. <i>hard</i>, G. <i>hart</i>, OHG. <i>herti</i>, <i>harti</i>, Icel. <i>har&eth;r</i>, Dan. <i>haard</i>, Sw. <i>h&aring;rd</i>, Goth. <i>hardus</i>, Gr. <grk>kraty`s</grk> strong, <grk>ka`rtos</grk>, <grk>kra`tos</grk>, strength, and also to E. <i>-ard</i>, as in <i>coward</i>, <i>drunkard</i>, <i>-crat</i>, <i>-cracy</i> in auto<i>crat</i>, demo<i>cracy</i>; cf. Skr. <i>kratu</i> strength, <i>k&rsdot;</i> to do, make. Cf. <u>Hardy</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Not easily penetrated, cut, or separated into parts; not yielding to pressure; firm; solid; compact; — applied to material bodies, and opposed to <i>soft</i>; as, <i>hard</i> wood; <i>hard</i> flesh; a <i>hard</i> apple.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Difficult, mentally or judicially; not easily apprehended, decided, or resolved; as a <i>hard</i> problem.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>hard</i> causes they brought unto Moses.</blockquote> <i>Ex. xviii. 26.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>In which are some things <i>hard</i> to be understood.</blockquote> <i>2 Peter iii. 16.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Difficult to accomplish; full of obstacles; laborious; fatiguing; arduous; as, a <i>hard</i> task; a disease <i>hard</i> to cure.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Difficult to resist or control; powerful.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The stag was too <i>hard</i> for the horse.</blockquote> <i>L'Estrange.</i></p>

<p><blockquote> A power which will be always too <i>hard</i> for them.</blockquote> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>Difficult to bear or endure; not easy to put up with or consent to; hence, severe; rigorous; oppressive; distressing; unjust; grasping; as, a <i>hard</i> lot; <i>hard</i> times; <i>hard</i> fare; a <i>hard</i> winter; <i>hard</i> conditions or terms.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I never could drive a <i>hard</i> bargain.</blockquote> <i>Burke.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>Difficult to please or influence; stern; unyielding; obdurate; unsympathetic; unfeeling; cruel; as, a <i>hard</i> master; a <i>hard</i> heart; <i>hard</i> words; a <i>hard</i> character.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <def>Not easy or agreeable to the taste; harsh; stiff; rigid; ungraceful; repelling; as, a <i>hard</i> style.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Figures <i>harder</i> than even the marble itself.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>8.</b></sn> <def>Rough; acid; sour, as liquors; as, <i>hard</i> cider.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>9.</b></sn> <i>(Pron.)</i> <def>Abrupt or explosive in utterance; not aspirated, sibilated, or pronounced with a gradual change of the organs from one position to another; — said of certain consonants, as <i>c</i> in <i>came</i>, and <i>g</i> in <i>go</i>, as distinguished from the same letters in <i>center</i>, <i>general</i>, etc.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>10.</b></sn> <def>Wanting softness or smoothness of utterance; harsh; as, a <i>hard</i> tone.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>11.</b></sn> <i>(Painting)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>Rigid in the drawing or distribution of the figures; formal; lacking grace of composition.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>Having disagreeable and abrupt contrasts in the coloring or light and shade.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Hard cancer</b></col>, <col><b>Hard case</b></col>, etc. <cd>See under <u>Cancer</u>, <u>Case</u>, etc.</cd> — <col><b>Hard clam</b></col>, <i>or</i> <col><b>Hard-shelled clam</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the quahog.</cd> — <col><b>Hard coal</b></col>, <cd>anthracite, as distinguished from bituminous or <i>soft</i> coal.</cd> — <col><b>Hard and fast</b></col>. <i>(Naut.)</i> <cd>See under <u>Fast</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Hard finish</b></col> <i>(Arch.)</i>, <cd>a smooth finishing coat of hard fine plaster applied to the surface of rough plastering.</cd> — <col><b>Hard lines</b></col>, <cd>hardship; difficult conditions.</cd> — <col><b>Hard money</b></col>, <cd>coin or specie, as distinguished from paper money.</cd> — <col><b>Hard oyster</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the northern native oyster.</cd> [Local, U. S.] — <col><b>Hard pan</b></col>, <cd>the hard stratum of earth lying beneath the soil; hence, figuratively, the firm, substantial, fundamental part or quality of anything; as, the <i>hard pan</i> of character, of a matter in dispute, etc. See <u>Pan</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Hard rubber</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Rubber</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Hard solder</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Solder</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Hard water</b></col>, <cd>water, which contains lime or some mineral substance rendering it unfit for washing. See <u>Hardness</u>, 3.</cd> — <col><b>Hard wood</b></col>, <cd>wood of a solid or hard texture; as walnut, oak, ash, box, and the like, in distinction from pine, poplar, hemlock, etc.</cd> — <col><b>In hard condition</b></col>, <cd>in excellent condition for racing; having firm muscles; — said of race horses.</cd></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Solid; arduous; powerful; trying; unyielding; stubborn; stern; flinty; unfeeling; harsh; difficult; severe; obdurate; rigid. See <u>Solid</u>, and <u>Arduous</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Hard</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> [OE. <i>harde</i>, AS. <i>hearde</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>With pressure; with urgency; hence, diligently; earnestly.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>And prayed so <i>hard</i> for mercy from the prince.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>My father<BR> Is <i>hard</i> at study; pray now, rest yourself.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>With difficulty; as, the vehicle moves <i>hard</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Uneasily; vexatiously; slowly.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>So as to raise difficulties.</def> "The question is <i>hard</i> set." <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>With tension or strain of the powers; violently; with force; tempestuously; vehemently; vigorously; energetically; as, to press, to blow, to rain <i>hard</i>; hence, rapidly; nimbly; as, to run <i>hard</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>Close or near.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Whose house joined <i>hard</i> to the synagogue.</blockquote> <i>Acts xviii. 7.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Hard by</b></col>, <col><b>near by</b></col><cd>; close at hand; not far off.</cd> "<i>Hard by</i> a cottage chimney smokes." <i>Milton.</i> — <col><b>Hard pushed</b></col>, <col><b>Hard run</b></col>, <cd>greatly pressed; as, he was <i>hard pushed</i> or <i>hard run</i> for time, money, etc.</cd> [Colloq.] — <col><b>Hard up</b></col>, <cd>closely pressed by want or necessity; without money or resources; as, <i>hard up</i> for amusements.</cd> [Slang]</p>

<p>&fist; <i>Hard</i> in nautical language is often joined to words of command to the helmsman, denoting that the order should be carried out with the utmost energy, or that the helm should be put, in the direction indicated, to the extreme limit, as, <i>Hard aport</i>! <i>Hard astarboard</i>! <i>Hard alee</i>! <i>Hard aweather</i>! <i>Hard up</i>!<BR> <i>Hard</i> is also often used in composition with a participle; as, <i>hard</i>-baked; <i>hard</i>-earned; <i>hard</i>-featured; <i>hard</i>-working; <i>hard</i>-won.</p>

<p><hw>Hard</hw> (h&auml;rd), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To harden; to make hard.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hard</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A ford or passage across a river or swamp.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hard"bake`</hw> (-b&amacr;k`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A sweetmeat of boiled brown sugar or molasses made with almonds, and flavored with orange or lemon juice, etc.</def> <i>Thackeray.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hard"beam`</hw> (-b&emacr;m`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A tree of the genus <i>Carpinus</i>, of compact, horny texture; hornbeam.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hard"en</hw> (h&auml;rd"'n), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Hardened</u> (-'nd); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Hardening</u> (-'n*&ibreve;ng).] [OE. <i>hardnen</i>, <i>hardenen</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To make hard or harder; to make firm or compact; to indurate; as, to <i>harden</i> clay or iron.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To accustom by labor or suffering to endure with constancy; to strengthen; to stiffen; to inure; also, to confirm in wickedness or shame; to make unimpressionable.</def> "<i>Harden</i> not your heart." <i>Ps. xcv. 8.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>I would <i>harden</i> myself in sorrow.</blockquote> <i>Job vi. 10.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hard"en</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To become hard or harder; to acquire solidity, or more compactness; as, mortar <i>hardens</i> by drying.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The deliberate judgment of those who knew him [A. Lincoln] has <i>hardened</i> into tradition.</blockquote> <i>The Century.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To become confirmed or strengthened, in either a good or a bad sense.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>They, <i>hardened</i> more by what might most reclaim.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hard"ened</hw> (-'nd), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Made hard, or harder, or compact; made unfeeling or callous; made obstinate or obdurate; confirmed in error or vice.</def></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Impenetrable; hard; obdurate; callous; unfeeling; unsusceptible; insensible. See <u>Obdurate</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Hard"en*er</hw> (-'n*&etilde;r), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who, or that which, hardens; specif., one who tempers tools.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hard"en*ing</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Making hard or harder.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>That which hardens, as a material used for converting the surface of iron into steel.</def></p>

<p><hw>Har"der</hw> (h&auml;r"d&etilde;r), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A South African mullet, salted for food.</def></p>

<p><hw>Har*de"ri*an</hw> (h&auml;r*d&emacr;"r&ibreve;*<i>a</i>n), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>A term applied to a lachrymal gland on the inner side of the orbit of many animals which have a third eyelid, or nictitating membrane. See <i>Nictitating membrane</i>, under <u>Nictitate</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hard"-fa`vored</hw> (h&auml;rd"f&amacr;`v&etilde;rd), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Hard-featured; ill-looking; as, Vulcan was <i>hard-favored</i>.</def> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hard"-fa`vored*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Coarseness of features.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hard"-fea`tured</hw> (-f&emacr;`t&usl;rd; 135), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having coarse, unattractive or stern features.</def> <i>Smollett.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hard"fern`</hw> (-f&etilde;rn`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A species of fern (<i>Lomaria borealis</i>), growing in Europe and Northwestern America.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hard"-fist`ed</hw> (-f&ibreve;st`&ebreve;d), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Having hard or strong hands; as, a <i>hard-fisted</i> laborer.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Close-fisted; covetous; niggardly.</def> <i>Bp. Hall.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hard"-fought`</hw> (-f&add;t`), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Vigorously contested; as, a <i>hard-fought</i> battle.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hard" grass`</hw> (gr&adot;s`). <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A name given to several different grasses, especially to the <i>Roltb&ouml;llia incurvata</i>, and to the species of <i>&AElig;gilops</i>, from one of which it is contended that wheat has been derived.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hard"hack`</hw> (-h&abreve;k`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A very astringent shrub (<i>Spir&aelig;a tomentosa</i>), common in pastures. The <i>Potentilla fruticosa</i> is also called by this name.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hard"-hand`ed</hw> (-h&abreve;nd`&ebreve;d), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having hard hands, as a manual laborer.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Hard-handed</i> men that work in Athens here.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hard"head`</hw> (-h&ebreve;d`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Clash or collision of heads in contest.</def> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The menhaden. See <u>Menhaden</u>.</def> [Local, U. S.] <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>Block's gurnard (<i>Trigla gurnardus</i>) of Europe.</def> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <def>A California salmon; the steelhead.</def> <sd><i>(d)</i></sd> <def>The gray whale.</def> See <i>Gray whale</i>, under <u>Gray</u>. <sd><i>(e)</i></sd> <def>A coarse American commercial sponge (<i>Spongia dura</i>).</def></p>

<p><hw>Hard"-head`ed</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having sound judgment; sagacious; shrewd.</def> — <wf>Hard"-head`ed*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Hard"-heart`ed</hw> (-h&auml;rt`&ebreve;d), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Unsympathetic; inexorable; cruel; pitiless.</def> — <wf>Hard"-heart`ed*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Har"di*head</hw> (h&auml;r"d&ibreve;*h&ebreve;d), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Hardihood.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Har"di*hood</hw> (-h&oocr;d), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Hardy</i> + <i>-hood</i>.] <def>Boldness, united with firmness and constancy of mind; bravery; intrepidity; also, audaciousness; impudence.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A bound of graceful <i>hardihood</i>.</blockquote> <i>Wordsworth.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>It is the society of numbers which gives <i>hardihood</i> to iniquity.</blockquote> <i>Buckminster.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Intrepidity; courage; pluck; resolution; stoutness; audacity; effrontery; impudence.</p>

<p><hw>Har"di*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Same as <u>Hardly</u>.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Boldly; stoutly; resolutely.</def> <i>Wyclif.</i></p>

<p><hw>Har"di*ment</hw> (-m<i>e</i>nt), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>hardement</i>. See <u>Hardy</u>.] <def>Hardihood; boldness; courage; energetic action.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Changing <i>hardiment</i> with great Glendower.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Har"di*ness</hw> (-d&ibreve;*n&ebreve;s), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Capability of endurance.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Hardihood; boldness; firmness; assurance.</def> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Plenty and peace breeds cowards; Hardness ever<BR> Of <i>hardiness</i> is mother.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>They who were not yet grown to the <i>hardiness</i> of avowing the contempt of the king.</blockquote> <i>Clarendon.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Hardship; fatigue.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hard"ish</hw> (h&auml;rd"&ibreve;sh), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Somewhat hard.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hard"-la`bored</hw> (h&auml;rd"l&amacr;`b&etilde;rd), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Wrought with severe labor; elaborate; studied.</def> <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hard"ly</hw> (h&auml;rd"l&ybreve;), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> [AS. <i>heardlice</i>. See <u>Hard</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>In a hard or difficult manner; with difficulty.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Recovering <i>hardly</i> what he lost before.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Unwillingly; grudgingly.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The House of Peers gave so <i>hardly</i> their consent.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Scarcely; barely; not quite; not wholly.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Hardly</i> shall you find any one so bad, but he desires the credit of being thought good.</blockquote> <i>South.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Severely; harshly; roughly.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He has in many things been <i>hardly</i> used.</blockquote> <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>Confidently; hardily.</def> [Obs.] <i>Holland.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>Certainly; surely; indeed.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hard"-mouthed`</hw> (-mou&thlig;d`), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Not sensible to the bit; not easily governed; as, a <i>hard- mouthed</i> horse.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hard"ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>heardness</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The quality or state of being hard, literally or figuratively.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The habit of authority also had given his manners some peremptory <i>hardness</i>.</blockquote> <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Min.)</i> <def>The cohesion of the particles on the surface of a body, determined by its capacity to scratch another, or be itself scratched; — measured among minerals on a scale of which diamond and talc form the extremes.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>The peculiar quality exhibited by water which has mineral salts dissolved in it. Such water forms an insoluble compound with soap, and is hence unfit for washing purposes.</def></p>

<p>&fist; This quality is caused by the presence of calcium carbonate, causing <i>temporary hardness</i> which can be removed by boiling, or by calcium sulphate, causing <i>permanent hardness</i> which can not be so removed, but may be improved by the addition of sodium carbonate.</p>

<p><hw>Har"dock</hw> (h&auml;r"d&obreve;k), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Obs.] <def>See <u>Hordock</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hard"pan`</hw> (h&auml;rd"p&abreve;n), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The hard substratum. Same as <i>Hard pan</i>, under <u>Hard</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos></def></p>

<p><hw>Hards</hw> (h&auml;rdz), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [OE. <i>herdes</i>, AS. <i>heordan</i>; akin to G. <i>hede</i>.] <def>The refuse or coarse part of fiax; tow.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hard"-shell`</hw> (h&auml;rd"sh&ebreve;l`), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Unyielding; insensible to argument; uncompromising; strict.</def> [Colloq., U. S.]</p>

<p><hw>Hard"ship</hw> (h&auml;rd"sh&ibreve;p), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>That which is hard to bear, as toil, privation, injury, injustice, etc.</def> <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hard"spun`</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Firmly twisted in spinning.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hard"-tack`</hw> (-t&abreve;k`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A name given by soldiers and sailors to a kind of hard biscuit or sea bread.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hard"tail`</hw> (-t&amacr;l`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>See <u>Jurel</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hard"-vis`aged</hw> (-v&ibreve;z`&asl;jd; 48), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of a harsh or stern countenance; hard- featured.</def> <i>Burke.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hard"ware`</hw> (-w&acirc;r`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Ware made of metal, as cutlery, kitchen utensils, and the like; ironmongery.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hard"ware`man</hw> (-m&abreve;n), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Hardwaremen</b></plw> (-m&ebreve;n). <def>One who makes, or deals in, hardware.</def></p>

<p><hw>Har"dy</hw> (h&auml;r"d&ybreve;), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<pos><i>Compar.</i></pos> <u>Hardier</u> (-d&ibreve;*&etilde;r); <pos><i>superl.</i></pos> <u>Hardiest</u>.] [F. <i>hardi</i>, p. p. fr. OF. <i>hardir</i> to make bold; of German origin, cf. OHG. <i>hertan</i> to harden, G. <i>h&auml;rten</i>. See <u>Hard</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Bold; brave; stout; daring; resolute; intrepid.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Hap helpeth <i>hardy</i> man alway.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Confident; full of assurance; in a bad sense, morally hardened; shameless.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Strong; firm; compact.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>[A] blast may shake in pieces his <i>hardy</i> fabric.</blockquote> <i>South.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Inured to fatigue or hardships; strong; capable of endurance; as, a <i>hardy</i> veteran; a <i>hardy</i> mariner.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>Able to withstand the cold of winter.</def></p>

<p>&fist; Plants which are <i>hardy</i> in Virginia may perish in New England. <i>Half-hardy</i> plants are those which are able to withstand mild winters or moderate frosts.</p>

<p><hw>Har"dy</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A blacksmith's fuller or chisel, having a square shank for insertion into a square hole in an anvil, called the <i>hardy hole</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hare</hw> (h&acirc;r), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [Cf. <u>Harry</u>, <u>Harass</u>.] <def>To excite; to tease, harass, or worry; to harry.</def> [Obs.] <i>Locke.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hare</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>hara</i>; akin to D. <i>haas</i>, G. <i>hase</i>, OHG. <i>haso</i>, Dan. & Sw. <i>hare</i>, Icel. <i>h&emacr;ri</i>, Skr. <i>&ccedil;a&ccedil;a</i>. &radic;226.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A rodent of the genus <i>Lepus</i>, having long hind legs, a short tail, and a divided upper lip. It is a timid animal, moves swiftly by leaps, and is remarkable for its fecundity.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The species of hares are numerous. The common European hare is <i>Lepus timidus</i>. The northern or varying hare of America (<i>L. Americanus</i>), and the prairie hare (<i>L. campestris</i>), turn white in winter. In America, the various species of hares are commonly called <i>rabbits</i>.</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Astron.)</i> <def>A small constellation situated south of and under the foot of Orion; Lepus.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Hare and hounds</b></col>, <cd>a game played by men and boys, two, called <i>hares</i>, having a few minutes' start, and scattering bits of paper to indicate their course, being chased by the others, called the <i>hounds</i>, through a wide circuit.</cd> — <col><b>Hare kangaroo</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a small Australian kangaroo (<i>Lagorchestes Leporoides</i>), resembling the hare in size and color,</cd> — <col><b>Hare's lettuce</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>a plant of the genus <i>Sonchus</i>, or sow thistle; — so called because hares are said to eat it when fainting with heat.</cd> <i>Dr. Prior.</i> — <col><b>Jumping hare</b></col>. <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <cd>See under <u>Jumping</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Little chief hare</b></col>, or <col><b>Crying hare</b></col>. <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <cd>See <u>Chief hare</u>.</cd> - - <col><b>Sea hare</b></col>. <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <cd>See <u>Aplysia</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Hare"bell`</hw> (h&acirc;r"b&ebreve;l`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A small, slender, branching plant (<i>Campanula rotundifolia</i>), having blue bell-shaped flowers; also, <i>Scilla nutans</i>, which has similar flowers; — called also <i>bluebell</i>.</def> [Written also <i>hairbell</i>.]</p>

<p><blockquote>E'en the light <i>harebell</i> raised its head.</blockquote> <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><! p. 671 pr=JMD !></p>

<p><hw>Hare"brained`</hw> (h&acirc;r"br&amacr;nd`), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Wild; giddy; volatile; heedless.</def> "A mad <i>hare-brained</i> fellow." <i>North (Plutarch).</i> [Written also <i>hairbrained</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Hare"foot`</hw> (-f&oocr;t`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A long, narrow foot, carried (that is, produced or extending) forward; — said of dogs.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A tree (<i>Ochroma Lagopus</i>) of the West Indies, having the stamens united somewhat in the form of a hare's foot.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Harefoot clover</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>a species of clover (<i>Trifolium arvense</i>) with soft and silky heads.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Hare"-heart`ed</hw> (-h&auml;rt`&ebreve;d), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Timorous; timid; easily frightened.</def> <i>Ainsworth.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hare"hound`</hw> (-hound`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Harrier</u>.</def> <i>A. Chalmers.</i></p>

<p><hw>Har"eld</hw> (h&abreve;r"&ebreve;ld), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The long-tailed duck.</def> See <u>Old Squaw</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Hare"lip`</hw> (h&acirc;r"l&ibreve;p`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A lip, commonly the upper one, having a fissure of perpendicular division like that of a hare.</def> — <wf>Hare"lipped`</wf> (- l&ibreve;pt`), <pos><i>a.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Ha"rem</hw> (h&amacr;"r&ebreve;m; 277), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>[Ar. <i>haram</i>, orig., anything forbidden or sacred, fr. <i>harama</i> to forbid, prohibit.] [Written also <i>haram</i> and <i>hareem</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The apartments or portion of the house allotted to females in Mohammedan families.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The family of wives and concubines belonging to one man, in Mohammedan countries; a seraglio.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ha*ren"gi*form</hw> (h&adot;*r&ebreve;n"j&ibreve;*f&ocirc;rm), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [F. <i>hareng</i> herring (LL. <i>harengus</i>) + <i>-form</i>.] <def>Herring-shaped.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hare's"-ear`</hw> (h&acirc;rz"&emacr;r`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>An umbelliferous plant (<i>Bupleurum rotundifolium</i>); — so named from the shape of its leaves.</def> <i>Dr. Prior.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hare's"-foot` fern`</hw> (-f&oocr;t` f&etilde;rn`). <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A species of fern (<i>Davallia Canariensis</i>) with a soft, gray, hairy rootstock; — whence the name.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hare's"-tail`</hw> (-t&amacr;l`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A kind of grass (<i>Eriophorum vaginatum</i>). See <i>Cotton grass</i>, under <u>Cotton</u>.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Hare's-tail grass</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>a species of grass (<i>Lagurus ovatus</i>) whose head resembles a hare's tail.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Har"fang</hw> (h&auml;r"f&abreve;ng), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Hare</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, and <u>Fang</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The snowy owl.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ha`ri*a"li grass`</hw> (h&auml;`r&ibreve;*&auml;"l&ibreve; gr&adot;s`). <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The East Indian name of the <i>Cynodon Dactylon</i>; dog's-grass.</def></p>

<p><hw>Har"i*cot</hw> (h&abreve;r"&esl;*k&osl;; F. &adot;`r&esl;`k&osl;"), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A ragout or stew of meat with beans and other vegetables.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The ripe seeds, or the unripe pod, of the common string bean (<i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i>), used as a vegetable. Other species of the same genus furnish different kinds of haricots.</def></p>

<p><hw>Har"i*er</hw> (h&abreve;r"&ibreve;*&etilde;r), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>See <u>Harrier</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ha"ri*ka`ri</hw> (h&auml;"r&ibreve;*k&auml;`r&ibreve;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Hara-kiri</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Har`i*o*la"tion</hw> (h&abreve;r`&ibreve;*&osl;*l&amacr;"sh&ubreve;n), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Ariolation</u>.] <def>Prognostication; soothsaying.</def> [Obs.] <i>Cockeram.</i></p>

<p><hw>Har"ish</hw> (h&acirc;r"&ibreve;sh), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Like a hare.</def> [R.] <i>Huloet.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hark</hw> (h&auml;rk), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [OE. <i>herken</i>. See <u>Hearken</u>.] <def>To listen; to hearken.</def> [Now rare, except in the imperative form used as an interjection, Hark! listen.] <i>Hudibras.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Hark away!</b></col> <col><b>Hark back!</b></col> <col><b>Hark forward!</b></col> <i>(Sporting)</i>, <cd>cries used to incite and guide hounds in hunting.</cd> — <col><b>To hark back</b></col>, <cd>to go back for a fresh start, as when one has wandered from his direct course, or made a digression.</cd></p>

<p><blockquote>He must have overshot the mark, and must <i>hark back</i>. </blockquote><i>Haggard</i>.</p>

<p><blockquote>He <i>harked back</i> to the subject.</blockquote> <i>W. E. Norris.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hark"en</hw> (-'n), <pos><i>v. t. & i.</i></pos> <def>To hearken.</def> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Harl</hw> (h&auml;rl), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. OHG. <i>harluf</i> noose, rope; E. <i>hards</i> refuse of flax.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A filamentous substance; especially, the filaments of flax or hemp.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A barb, or barbs, of a fine large feather, as of a peacock or ostrich, — used in dressing artificial flies.</def> [Written also <i>herl</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Harle</hw> (h&auml;rl), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The red-breasted merganser.</def></p>

<p><hw>Har"lech group`</hw> (h&auml;r"l&ebreve;k gr&oomac;p`). [So called from <i>Harlech</i> in Wales.] <i>(Geol.)</i> <def>A minor subdivision at the base of the Cambrian system in Wales.</def></p>

<p><hw>Har"le*quin</hw> (h&auml;r"l&esl;*k&ibreve;n or -kw&ibreve;n), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>arlequin</i>, formerly written also <i>harlequin</i> (cf. It, <i>arlecchino</i>), prob. fr. OF. <i>hierlekin</i>, <i>hellequin</i>, goblin, elf, which is prob. of German or Dutch origin; cf. D. <i>hel</i> hell. Cf. <u>Hell</u>, <u>Kin</u>.] <def>A buffoon, dressed in party-colored clothes, who plays tricks, often without speaking, to divert the bystanders or an audience; a merry-andrew; originally, a droll rogue of Italian comedy.</def> <i>Percy Smith.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>As dumb <i>harlequin</i> is exhibited in our theaters.</blockquote> <i>Johnson.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Harlequin bat</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>an Indian bat (<i>Scotophilus ornatus</i>), curiously variegated with white spots.</cd> — <col><b>Harlequin beetle</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a very large South American beetle (<i>Acrocinus longimanus</i>) having very long legs and antenn&aelig;. The elytra are curiously marked with red, black, and gray.</cd> — <col><b>Harlequin cabbage bug</b></col>. <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <cd>See <u>Calicoback</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Harlequin caterpillar</b></col>. <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the larva of an American bombycid moth <i>(Euch&aelig;tes egle)</i> which is covered with black, white, yellow, and orange tufts of hair.</cd> — <col><b>Harlequin duck</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a North American duck (<i>Histrionicus histrionicus</i>). The male is dark ash, curiously streaked with white.</cd> — <col><b>Harlequin moth</b></col>. <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <cd>See <u>Magpie Moth</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Harlequin opal</b></col>. <cd>See <u>Opal</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Harlequin snake</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a small, poisonous snake (<i>Elaps fulvius</i>), ringed with red and black, found in the Southern United States.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Har"le*quin</hw> (h&auml;r"l&esl;*k&ibreve;n or -kw&ibreve;n), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To play the droll; to make sport by playing ludicrous tricks.</def></p>

<p><hw>Har"le*quin</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To remove or conjure away, as by a harlequin's trick.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>And kitten, if the humor hit<BR> Has <i>harlequined</i> away the fit.</blockquote> <i>M. Green.</i></p>

<p><hw>Har"le*quin*ade`</hw> (-&amacr;d`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>arlequinade</i>.] <def>A play or part of a play in which the harlequin is conspicuous; the part of a harlequin.</def> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><hw>Har"lock</hw> (h&auml;r"l&obreve;k), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Probably a corruption either of <i>charlock</i> or <i>hardock</i>.</def> <i>Drayton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Har"lot</hw> (-l&obreve;t), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>harlot</i>, <i>herlot</i>, a vagabond, OF. <i>harlot</i>, <i>herlot</i>, <i>arlot</i>; cf. Pr. <i>arlot</i>, Sp. <i>arlote</i>, It. <i>arlotto</i>; of uncertain origin.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A churl; a common man; a person, male or female, of low birth.</def> <i>[Obs.]</i></p>

<p><blockquote>He was a gentle <i>harlot</i> and a kind.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A person given to low conduct; a rogue; a cheat; a rascal.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A woman who prostitutes her body for hire; a prostitute; a common woman; a strumpet.</def></p>

<p><hw>Har"lot</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Wanton; lewd; low; base.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Har"lot</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To play the harlot; to practice lewdness.</def> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Har"lot*ize</hw> (-&imacr;z), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To harlot.</def> [Obs.] <i>Warner.</i></p>

<p><hw>Har"lot*ry</hw> (-r&ybreve;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Ribaldry; buffoonery; a ribald story.</def> [Obs.] <i>Piers Plowman.</i> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The trade or practice of prostitution; habitual or customary lewdness.</def> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Anything meretricious; as, <i>harlotry</i> in art.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>A harlot; a strumpet; a baggage.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>He sups to-night with a <i>harlotry</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Harm</hw> (h&auml;rm), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>harm</i>, <i>hearm</i>, AS. <i>hearm</i>; akin to OS. <i>harm</i>, G. <i>harm</i> grief, Icel. <i>harmr</i>, Dan. <i>harme</i>, Sw. <i>harm</i>; cf. OSlav. & Russ. <i>sram'</i> shame, Skr. <i>&ccedil;rama</i> toil, fatigue.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Injury; hurt; damage; detriment; misfortune.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>That which causes injury, damage, or loss.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>We, ignorant of ourselves,<BR> Beg often our own <i>harms</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Mischief; evil; loss; injury. See <u>Mischief</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Harm</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Harmed</u> (h&auml;rmd); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Harming</u>.] [OE. <i>harmen</i>, AS. <i>hearmian</i>. See <u>Harm</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <def>To hurt; to injure; to damage; to wrong.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Though yet he never <i>harmed</i> me.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>No ground of enmity between us known<BR> Why he should mean me ill or seek to <i>harm</i>.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Har"ma*line</hw> (h&auml;r"m&adot;*l&ibreve;n or -l&emacr;n), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>harmaline</i> See <u>Harmel</u>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>An alkaloid found in the plant <i>Peganum harmala</i>. It forms bitter, yellow salts.</def></p>

<p><hw>Har*mat"tan</hw> (h&auml;r*m&abreve;t"t<i>a</i>n), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>harmattan</i>, prob. of Arabic origin.] <def>A dry, hot wind, prevailing on the Atlantic coast of Africa, in December, January, and February, blowing from the interior or Sahara. It is usually accompanied by a haze which obscures the sun.</def></p>

<p><hw>Har"mel</hw> (h&auml;r"m&ebreve;l), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Ar. <i>harmal</i>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A kind of rue (<i>Ruta sylvestris</i>) growing in India. At Lahore the seeds are used medicinally and for fumigation.</def></p>

<p><hw>Harm"ful</hw> (h&auml;rm"f&usdot;l), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Full of harm; injurious; hurtful; mischievous.</def> " Most <i>harmful</i> hazards." <i>Strype.</i></p>

<p>—<wf>Harm"ful*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Harm"ful*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Har"mine</hw> (h&auml;r"m&ibreve;n or -m&emacr;n), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>[See <u>Harmaline</u>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>An alkaloid accompanying harmaline (in the <i>Peganum harmala</i>), and obtained from it by oxidation. It is a white crystalline substance.</def></p>

<p><hw>Harm"less</hw> (h&auml;rm"l&ebreve;s), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Free from harm; unhurt; as, to give bond to save another <i>harmless</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Free from power or disposition to harm; innocent; inoffensive.</def> " The <i>harmless</i> deer." <i>Drayton</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Innocent; innoxious; innocuous; inoffensive; unoffending; unhurt; uninjured; unharmed.</p>

<p>—<wf>Harm"less*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos>- <wf>Harm"less*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Har*mon"ic</hw> (h&auml;r*m&obreve;n"&ibreve;k), <hw>Har*mon"ic*al</hw> (-&ibreve;*k<i>a</i>l), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>harmonicus</i>, Gr. <grk>"armoniko`s</grk>; cf. F. <i>harmonique</i>. See <u>Harmony</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Concordant; musical; consonant; as, <i>harmonic</i> sounds.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Harmonic</i> twang! of leather, horn, and brass.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Mus.)</i> <def>Relating to harmony, — as <i>melodic</i> relates to melody; harmonious; esp., relating to the accessory sounds or overtones which accompany the predominant and apparent single tone of any string or sonorous body.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Math.)</i> <def>Having relations or properties bearing some resemblance to those of musical consonances; — said of certain numbers, ratios, proportions, points, lines, motions, and the like.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Harmonic interval</b></col> <i>(Mus.)</i>, <cd>the distance between two notes of a chord, or two consonant notes.</cd> - - <col><b>Harmonical mean</b></col> <i>(Arith. & Alg.)</i>, <cd>certain relations of numbers and quantities, which bear an analogy to musical consonances.</cd> — <col><b>Harmonic motion</b></col>, <cd>the motion of the point A, of the foot of the perpendicular PA, when P moves uniformly in the circumference of a circle, and PA is drawn perpendicularly upon a fixed diameter of the circle. This is <i>simple harmonic motion</i>. The combinations, in any way, of two or more simple harmonic motions, make other kinds of harmonic motion. The motion of the pendulum bob of a clock is approximately <i>simple harmonic motion</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Harmonic proportion</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Proportion</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Harmonic series</b></col> or <col><b>progression</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Progression</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Spherical harmonic analysis</b></col>, <cd>a mathematical method, sometimes referred to as that of <i>Laplace's Coefficients</i>, which has for its object the expression of an arbitrary, periodic function of two independent variables, in the proper form for a large class of physical problems, involving arbitrary data, over a spherical surface, and the deduction of solutions for every point of space. The functions employed in this method are called <i>spherical harmonic functions</i>.</cd> <i>Thomson & Tait.</i> — <col><b>Harmonic suture</b></col> <i>(Anat.)</i>, <cd>an articulation by simple apposition of comparatively smooth surfaces or edges, as between the two superior maxillary bones in man; — called also <i>harmonia</i>, and <i>harmony</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Harmonic triad</b></col> <i>(Mus.)</i>, <cd>the chord of a note with its third and fifth; the common chord.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Har*mon"ic</hw> (h&auml;r*m&obreve;n"&ibreve;k), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Mus.)</i> <def>A musical note produced by a number of vibrations which is a multiple of the number producing some other; an overtone. See <u>Harmonics</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Har*mon"i*ca</hw> (-&ibreve;*k&adot;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Fem. fr. L. <i>harmonicus</i> harmonic. See <u>Harmonic</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> ] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A musical instrument, consisting of a series of hemispherical glasses which, by touching the edges with the dampened finger, give forth the tones.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A toy instrument of strips of glass or metal hung on two tapes, and struck with hammers.</def></p>

<p><hw>Har*mon"ic*al*ly</hw> (-&ibreve;*k<i>a</i>l*l&ybreve;), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>In an harmonical manner; harmoniously.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>In respect to harmony, as distinguished from <i>melody</i>; as, a passage <i>harmonically</i> correct.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Math.)</i> <def>In harmonical progression.</def></p>

<p><hw>Har*mon"i*con</hw> (-&ibreve;*k&obreve;n), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A small, flat, wind instrument of music, in which the notes are produced by the vibration of free metallic reeds.</def></p>

<p><hw>Har*mon"ics</hw> (-&ibreve;ks), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The doctrine or science of musical sounds.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>pl.</i> <i>(Mus.)</i> <def>Secondary and less distinct tones which accompany any principal, and apparently simple, tone, as the octave, the twelfth, the fifteenth, and the seventeenth. The name is also applied to the artificial tones produced by a string or column of air, when the impulse given to it suffices only to make a part of the string or column vibrate; overtones.</def></p>

<p><hw>Har*mo"ni*ous</hw> (h&auml;r*m&omacr;"n&ibreve;*&ubreve;s), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>harmonieux</i>. See <u>Harmony</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Adapted to each other; having parts proportioned to each other; symmetrical.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>God hath made the intellectual world <i>harmonious</i> and beautiful without us.</blockquote> <i>Locke.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Acting together to a common end; agreeing in action or feeling; living in peace and friendship; as, an <i>harmonious</i> family.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Vocally or musically concordant; agreeably consonant; symphonious.</def></p>

<p>— <wf>Har*mo"ni*ous*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Har*mo"ni*ous*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Har*mon"i*phon</hw> (h&auml;r*m&obreve;n"&ibreve;*f&obreve;n), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>"armoni`a</grk> harmony + <grk>fwnh`</grk> sound.] <i>(Mus.)</i> <def>An obsolete wind instrument with a keyboard, in which the sound, which resembled the oboe, was produced by the vibration of thin metallic plates, acted upon by blowing through a tube.</def></p>

<p><hw>Har"mo*nist</hw> (h&auml;r"m&osl;*n&ibreve;st), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>harmoniste</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who shows the agreement or harmony of corresponding passages of different authors, as of the four evangelists.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Mus.)</i> <def>One who understands the principles of harmony or is skillful in applying them in composition; a musical composer.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Har"mo*nist</hw>, <hw>Har"mo*nite</hw> (-n&imacr;t), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Eccl. Hist.)</i> <def>One of a religious sect, founded in W&uuml;rtemburg in the last century, composed of followers of George Rapp, a weaver. They had all their property in common. In 1803, a portion of this sect settled in Pennsylvania and called the village thus established, Harmony.</def></p>

<p><hw>Har*mo"ni*um</hw> (h&auml;r*m&omacr;"n&ibreve;*&ubreve;m), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Harmony</u>. ] <def>A musical instrument, resembling a small organ and especially designed for church music, in which the tones are produced by forcing air by means of a bellows so as to cause the vibration of free metallic reeds. It is now made with one or two keyboards, and has pedals and stops.</def></p>

<p><hw>Har`mo*ni*za"tion</hw> (h&auml;r`m&osl;*n&ibreve;*z&amacr;"sh&ubreve;n), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The act of harmonizing.</def></p>

<p><hw>Har"mo*nize</hw> (h&auml;r"m&osl;*n&imacr;z), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Harmonized</u> (- n&imacr;zd); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Harmonizing</u> (- n&imacr;"z&ibreve;ng).] [Cf. F. <i>harmoniser</i>. ] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To agree in action, adaptation, or effect on the mind; to agree in sense or purport; as, the parts of a mechanism <i>harmonize</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To be in peace and friendship, as individuals, families, or public organizations.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To agree in vocal or musical effect; to form a concord; as, the tones <i>harmonize</i> perfectly.</def></p>

<p><hw>Har"mo*nize</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To adjust in fit proportions; to cause to agree; to show the agreement of; to reconcile the apparent contradiction of.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Mus.)</i> <def>To accompany with harmony; to provide with parts, as an air, or melody.</def></p>

<p><hw>Har"mo*ni`zer</hw> (-n&imacr;`z&etilde;r), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who harmonizes.</def></p>

<p><hw>Har`mo*nom"e*ter</hw> (-n&obreve;m"&esl;*t&etilde;r), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>"armoni`a</grk> harmony + <i>meter</i>: cf. F. <i>harmonom&egrave;tre</i>.] <def>An instrument for measuring the harmonic relations of sounds. It is often a monochord furnished with movable bridges.</def></p>

<p><hw>Har"mo*ny</hw> (h&auml;r"m&osl;*n&ybreve;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Harmonies</b></plw> (- n&ibreve;z). [ F. <i>harmonie</i>, L. <i>harmonia</i>, Gr. <grk>"armoni`a</grk> joint, proportion, concord, fr. <grk>"armo`s</grk> a fitting or joining. See <u>Article</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The just adaptation of parts to each other, in any system or combination of things, or in things intended to form a connected whole; such an agreement between the different parts of a design or composition as to produce unity of effect; as, the <i>harmony</i> of the universe.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Concord or agreement in facts, opinions, manners, interests, etc.; good correspondence; peace and friendship; as, good citizens live in <i>harmony</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A literary work which brings together or arranges systematically parallel passages of historians respecting the same events, and shows their agreement or consistency; as, a <i>harmony</i> of the Gospels.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Mus.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A succession of chords according to the rules of progression and modulation.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The science which treats of their construction and progression.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Ten thousand harps, that tuned<BR> Angelic <i>harmonies</i>.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>See <i>Harmonic suture</i>, under <u>Harmonic</u>.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Close harmony</b></col>, <col><b>Dispersed harmony</b></col>, <cd>etc. See under <u>Close</u>, <u>Dispersed</u>, etc.</cd> — <col><b>Harmony of the spheres</b></col>. <cd>See <i>Music of the spheres</i>, under <u>Music</u>.</cd></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — <u>Harmony</u>, <u>Melody</u>. <i>Harmony</i> results from the concord of two or more strains or sounds which differ in pitch and quality. <i>Melody</i> denotes the pleasing alternation and variety of musical and measured sounds, as they succeed each other in a single verse or strain.</p>

<p><! p. 672 pr=JMD !></p>

<p><hw>Har"most</hw> (h&auml;r"m&obreve;st), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>"armosth`s</grk>, fr. <grk>"armo`zein</grk> to join, arrange, command: cf. F. <i>harmoste</i>. See <u>Harmony</u>.] <i>(Gr. Antiq.)</i> <def>A city governor or prefect appointed by the Spartans in the cities subjugated by them.</def></p>

<p><hw>Har"mo*tome</hw> (-m&osl;*t&omacr;m), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>"armo`s</grk> a joint + <grk>te`mnein</grk> to cut: cf. F. <i>harmotome</i>.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>A hydrous silicate of alumina and baryta, occurring usually in white cruciform crystals; cross- stone.</def></p>

<p>&fist; A related mineral, called <i>lime harmotome</i>, and <i>Phillipsite</i>, contains lime in place of baryta. <i>Dana.</i></p>

<p><hw>Har"ness</hw> (-n&ebreve;s), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>harneis</i>, <i>harnes</i>, OF. <i>harneis</i>, F. <i>harnais</i>, <i>harnois</i>; of Celtic origin; cf. Armor. <i>harnez</i> old iron, armor, W. <i>haiarn</i> iron, Armor. <i>houarn</i>, Ir. <i>iarann</i>, Gael. <i>iarunn</i>. Cf. <u>Iron</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Originally, the complete dress, especially in a military sense, of a man or a horse; hence, in general, armor.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>At least we'll die with <i>harness</i> on our back.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The equipment of a draught or carriage horse, for drawing a wagon, coach, chaise, etc.; gear; tackling.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>The part of a loom comprising the heddles, with their means of support and motion, by which the threads of the warp are alternately raised and depressed for the passage of the shuttle.</def></p>

<p><col><b>To die in harness</b></col>, <cd>to die with armor on; hence, colloquially, to die while actively engaged in work or duty.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Har"ness</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Harnessed</u> (-n&ebreve;st); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Harnessing</u>.] [OE. <i>harneisen</i>; cf. F. <i>harnacher</i>, OF. <i>harneschier</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To dress in armor; to equip with armor for war, as a horseman; to array.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Harnessed</i> in rugged steel.</blockquote> <i>Rowe.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>A gay dagger,<BR> <i>Harnessed</i> well and sharp as point of spear.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Fig.: To equip or furnish for defense.</def> <i>Dr. H. More.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To make ready for draught; to equip with harness, as a horse. Also used figuratively.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Harnessed</i> to some regular profession.</blockquote> <i>J. C. Shairp.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Harnessed antelope</b></col>. <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <cd>See <u>Guib</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Harnessed moth</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>an American bombycid moth (<i>Arctia phalerata</i> of Harris), having, on the fore wings, stripes and bands of buff on a black ground.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Har"ness cask`</hw> (k&adot;sk`). <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>A tub lashed to a vessel's deck and containing salted provisions for daily use; — called also <i>harness tub</i>.</def> <i>W. C. Russell.</i></p>

<p><hw>Har"ness*er</hw> (-&etilde;r), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who harnesses.</def></p>

<p><hw>Harns</hw> (h&auml;rnz), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [Akin to Icel. <i>hjarni</i>, Dan. <i>hierne</i>.] <def>The brains.</def> [Scot.]</p>

<p><hw>Harp</hw> (h&auml;rp), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>harpe</i>, AS. <i>hearpe</i>; akin to D. <i>harp</i>, G. <i>harfe</i>, OHG. <i>harpha</i>, Dan. <i>harpe</i>, Icel. & Sw. <i>harpa</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A musical instrument consisting of a triangular frame furnished with strings and sometimes with pedals, held upright, and played with the fingers.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Astron.)</i> <def>A constellation; <i>Lyra</i>, or the Lyre.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A grain sieve.</def> [Scot.]</p>

<p><col><b>&AElig;olian harp</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>&AElig;olian</u>.</cd></p>

<p><col><b>Harp seal</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>an arctic seal (<i>Phoca Gr&oelig;nlandica</i>). The adult males have a light- colored body, with a harp-shaped mark of black on each side, and the face and throat black. Called also <i>saddler</i>, and <i>saddleback</i>. The immature ones are called <i>bluesides</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Harp shell</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a beautiful marine gastropod shell of the genus <i>Harpa</i>, of several species, found in tropical seas. See <u>Harpa</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Harp</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Harped</u> (h&auml;rpt) <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Harping</u>.] [AS. <i>hearpian</i>. See <u>Harp</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To play on the harp.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I heard the voice of harpers, <i>harping</i> with their harps.</blockquote> <i>Rev. xiv. 2.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To dwell on or recur to a subject tediously or monotonously in speaking or in writing; to refer to something repeatedly or continually; — usually with <i>on</i> or <i>upon</i>.</def> "<i>Harpings</i> upon old themes." <i>W. Irving.</i></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Harping</i> on what I am,<BR> Not what he knew I was.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><col><b>To harp on one string</b></col>, <cd>to dwell upon one subject with disagreeable or wearisome persistence.</cd> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><hw>Harp</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To play on, as a harp; to play (a tune) on the harp; to develop or give expression to by skill and art; to sound forth as from a harp; to hit upon.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Thou 'st <i>harped</i> my fear aright.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Har"pa</hw> (h&auml;r"p&adot;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., harp.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A genus of marine univalve shells; the harp shells; — so called from the form of the shells, and their ornamental ribs.</def></p>

<p><hw>Har"pa*gon</hw> (-g&obreve;n), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>harpago</i>, Gr. <grk>"arpa`gh</grk> hook, rake.] <def>A grappling iron.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Harp"er</hw> (h&auml;rp"&etilde;r), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>hearpere</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A player on the harp; a minstrel.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The murmuring pines and the hemlocks . . . <BR> Stand like <i>harpers</i> hoar, with beards that rest on their bosoms.</blockquote> <i>Longfellow.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A brass coin bearing the emblem of a harp, — formerly current in Ireland.</def> <i>B. Jonson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Harp"ing</hw> (h&auml;rp"&ibreve;ng), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pertaining to the harp; as, <i>harping</i> symphonies.</def> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Harp"ing i`ron</hw> (&imacr;`&ubreve;rn). [F. <i>harper</i> to grasp strongly. See <u>Harpoon</u>.] <def>A harpoon.</def> <i>Evelyn.</i></p>

<p><hw>Harp"ings</hw> (-&ibreve;ngz), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>The fore parts of the wales, which encompass the bow of a vessel, and are fastened to the stem.</def> [Written also <i>harpins</i>.] <i>Totten.</i></p>

<p><hw>Harp"ist</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>harpiste</i>.] <def>A player on the harp; a harper.</def> <i>W. Browne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Har*poon"</hw> (h&auml;r*p&oomac;n"), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>harpon</i>, LL. <i>harpo</i>, perh. of Ger. origin, fr. the <i>harp</i>; cf. F. <i>harper</i> to take and grasp strongly, <i>harpe</i> a dog's claw, <i>harpin</i> boathook (the sense of <i>hook</i> coming from the shape of the harp); but cf. also Gr. <grk>"a`rph</grk> the kite, sickle, and E. <i>harpy</i>. Cf. <u>Harp</u>.] <def>A spear or javelin used to strike and kill large fish, as whales; a harping iron. It consists of a long shank, with a broad, fiat, triangular head, sharpened at both edges, and is thrown by hand, or discharged from a gun.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Harpoon fork</b></col>, <cd>a kind of hayfork, consisting of bar with hinged barbs at one end and a loop for a rope at the other end, used for lifting hay from the load by horse power.</cd> — <col><b>Harpoon gun</b></col>, <cd>a gun used in the whale fishery for shooting the harpoon into a whale.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Har*poon"</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Harpooned</u> (-p&oomac;nd"); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Harpooning</u>.] <def>To strike, catch, or kill with a harpoon.</def></p>

<p><hw>Har`poon*eer"</hw> (h&auml;r`p&oomac;n*&emacr;r"), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>An harpooner.</def> <i>Crabb.</i></p>

<p><hw>Har*poon"er</hw> (h&auml;r*p&oomac;n"&etilde;r), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>harponneur</i>.] <def>One who throws the harpoon.</def></p>

<p><hw>Harp"ress</hw> (h&auml;rp"r&ebreve;s), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A female harper.</def> [R.] <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><hw>Harp"si*chon</hw> (h&auml;rp"s&ibreve;*k&obreve;n), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A harpsichord.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Harp"si*chord</hw> (-k&ocirc;rd), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>harpechorde</i>, in which the <i>harpe</i> is of German origin. See <u>Harp</u>, and <u>Chord</u>.] <i>(Mus.)</i> <def>A harp-shaped instrument of music set horizontally on legs, like the grand piano, with strings of wire, played by the fingers, by means of keys provided with quills, instead of hammers, for striking the strings. It is now superseded by the piano.</def></p>

<p><hw>Har"py</hw> (h&auml;r"p&ybreve;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Harpies</b></plw> (-p&ibreve;z). [F. <i>harpie</i>, L. <i>harpyia</i>, Gr. <grk>"a`rpyia</grk>, from the root of <grk>"arpa`zein</grk> to snatch, to seize. Cf. <u>Rapacious</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Gr. Myth.)</i> <def>A fabulous winged monster, ravenous and filthy, having the face of a woman and the body of a vulture, with long claws, and the face pale with hunger. Some writers mention two, others three.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Both table and provisions vanished quite.<BR> With sound of <i>harpies'</i> wings and talons heard.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>One who is rapacious or ravenous; an extortioner.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>harpies</i> about all pocket the pool.</blockquote> <i>Goldsmith.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The European moor buzzard or marsh harrier (<i>Circus &aelig;ruginosus</i>).</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A large and powerful, double-crested, short-winged American eagle (<i>Thrasa&euml;tus harpyia</i>). It ranges from Texas to Brazil.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Harpy bat</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>An East Indian fruit bat of the genus <i>Harpyia</i> (esp. <i>H. cephalotes</i>), having prominent, tubular nostrils.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>A small, insectivorous Indian bat (<i>Harpiocephalus harpia</i>).</cd> — <col><b>Harpy fly</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the house fly.</cd></p>

<p>{ <hw>Har"que*bus</hw> <hw>Har"que*buse</hw> } (h&auml;r"kw&esl;*b&ubreve;s), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Arquebus</u>.] <def>A firearm with match holder, trigger, and tumbler, made in the second half of the 15th century. The barrel was about forty inches long. A form of the harquebus was subsequently called <i>arquebus with matchlock</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Har"rage</hw> (h&abreve;r"r&asl;j; 48) <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [See <u>Harry</u>.] <def>To harass; to plunder from.</def> [Obs.] <i>Fuller.</i></p>

<p><hw>Har"re</hw> (h&auml;r"r<i>e</i>), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE., fr. AS. <i>heorr</i>, <i>h&iacute;or</i>.] <def>A hinge.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Har"ri*dan</hw> (h&abreve;r"r&ibreve;*d<i>a</i>n), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>haridelle</i> a worn-out horse, jade.] <def>A worn-out strumpet; a vixenish woman; a hag.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Such a weak, watery, wicked old <i>harridan</i>, substituted for the pretty creature I had been used to see.</blockquote> <i>De Quincey.</i></p>

<p><hw>Har"ri*er</hw> (-&etilde;r), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From <u>Hare</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of a small breed of hounds, used for hunting hares.</def> [Written also <i>harier</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Har"ri*er</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From <u>Harry</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who harries.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of several species of hawks or buzzards of the genus <i>Circus</i> which fly low and <i>harry</i> small animals or birds, — as the European marsh harrier (<i>Circus &aelig;ruginosus</i>), and the hen harrier (<i>C. cyaneus</i>).</def></p>

<p><col><b>Harrier hawk</b></col><i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>one of several species of American hawks of the genus <i>Micrastur</i>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Har"row</hw> (h&abreve;r"r&osl;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>harowe</i>, <i>harwe</i>, AS. <i>hearge</i>; cf. D. <i>hark</i> rake, G. <i>harke</i>, Icel. <i>herfi</i> harrow, Dan. <i>harve</i>, Sw. <i>harf</i>. &radic;16.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>An implement of agriculture, usually formed of pieces of timber or metal crossing each other, and set with iron or wooden teeth. It is drawn over plowed land to level it and break the clods, to stir the soil and make it fine, or to cover seed when sown.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Mil.)</i> <def>An obstacle formed by turning an ordinary harrow upside down, the frame being buried.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Bush harrow</b></col>, <cd>a kind of light harrow made of bushes, for harrowing grass lands and covering seeds, or to finish the work of a toothed harrow.</cd> — <col><b>Drill harrow</b></col>. <cd>See under 6th <u>Drill</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Under the harrow</b></col>, <cd>subjected to actual torture with a toothed instrument, or to great affliction or oppression.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Har"row</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Harrowed</u> (-r&osl;d); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Harrowing</u>.] [OE. <i>harowen</i>, <i>harwen</i>; cf. Dan. <i>harve</i>. See <u>Harrow</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To draw a harrow over, as for the purpose of breaking clods and leveling the surface, or for covering seed; as, to <i>harrow</i> land.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Will he <i>harrow</i> the valleys after thee?</blockquote> <i>Job xxxix. 10.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To break or tear, as with a harrow; to wound; to lacerate; to torment or distress; to vex.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>My aged muscles <i>harrowed</i> up with whips.</blockquote> <i>Rowe.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>I could a tale unfold, whose lightest word<BR> Would <i>harrow</i> up thy soul.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Har"row</hw>, <pos><i>interj.</i></pos> [OF. <i>harau</i>, <i>haro</i>; fr. OHG. <i>hara</i>, <i>hera</i>, <i>herot</i>, or fr. OS. <i>herod</i> hither, akin to E. <i>here</i>.] <def>Help! Halloo! An exclamation of distress; a call for succor; — the ancient Norman hue and cry.</def> "<i>Harrow</i> and well away!" <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Harrow</i>! alas! here lies my fellow slain.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Har"row</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [See <u>Harry</u>.] <def>To pillage; to harry; to oppress.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Meaning thereby to <i>harrow</i> his people.</blockquote> <i>Bacon</i></p>

<p><hw>Har"row*er</hw> (-&etilde;r), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who harrows.</def></p>

<p><hw>Har"row*er</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who harries.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Har"ry</hw> (-r&ybreve;), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Harried</u> (-r&ibreve;d); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Harrying</u>.] [OE. <i>harwen</i>, <i>herien</i>, <i>her&yogh;ien</i>, AS. <i>hergian</i> to act as an army, to ravage, plunder, fr. <i>here</i> army; akin to G. <i>heer</i>, Icel. <i>herr</i>, Goth. <i>harjis</i>, and Lith. <i>karas</i> war. Cf. <u>Harbor</u>, <u>Herald</u>, <u>Heriot</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To strip; to pillage; to lay waste; as, the Northmen came several times and <i>harried</i> the land.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>To <i>harry</i> this beautiful region.</blockquote> <i>W. Irving.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>A red squirrel had <i>harried</i> the nest of a wood thrush.</blockquote> <i>J. Burroughs.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To agitate; to worry; to harrow; to harass.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — To ravage; plunder; pillage; lay waste; vex; tease; worry; annoy; harass.</p>

<p><hw>Har"ry</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To make a predatory incursion; to plunder or lay waste.</def> [Obs.] <i>Beau. & Fl.</i></p>

<p><hw>Harsh</hw> (h&auml;rsh), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<pos><i>Compar.</i></pos> <u>Harsher</u> (-&etilde;r); <pos><i>superl.</i></pos> <u>Harshest</u>.] [OE. <i>harsk</i>; akin to G. <i>harsch</i>, Dan. <i>harsk</i> rancid, Sw. <i>h&auml;rsk</i>; from the same source as E. <i>hard</i>. See <u>Hard</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Rough; disagreeable; grating</def>; esp.: <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>To the touch.</def> "<i>Harsh</i> sand." <i>Boyle.</i> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>To the taste.</def> "Berries <i>harsh</i> and crude." <i>Milton.</i> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <def>To the ear.</def> "<i>Harsh</i> din." <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Unpleasant and repulsive to the sensibilities; austere; crabbed; morose; abusive; abusive; severe; rough.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Clarence is so <i>harsh</i>, so blunt.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Though <i>harsh</i> the precept, yet the preacher charmed.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Painting, Drawing, etc.)</i> <def>Having violent contrasts of color, or of light and shade; lacking in harmony.</def></p>

<p><hw>Harsh"ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a harsh manner; gratingly; roughly; rudely.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>'T will sound <i>harshly</i> in her ears.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Harsh"ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality or state of being harsh.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>O, she is<BR> Ten times more gentle than her father's crabbed,<BR> And he's composed of <i>harshness</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>'Tis not enough no <i>harshness</i> gives offense,<BR> The sound must seem an echo to the sense.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Acrimony; roughness; sternness; asperity; tartness. See <u>Acrimony</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Hars"let</hw> (h&auml;rs"l&ebreve;t), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Haslet</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hart</hw> (h&auml;rt), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>hart</i>, <i>hert</i>, <i>heort</i>, AS. <i>heort</i>, <i>heorot</i>; akin to D. <i>hert</i>, OHG. <i>hiruz</i>, <i>hirz</i>, G. <i>hirsch</i>, Icel. <i>hj&ouml;rtr</i>, Dan. & Sw. <i>hjort</i>, L. <i>cervus</i>, and prob. to Gr. <grk>kerao`s</grk> horned, <grk>ke`ras</grk> horn. &radic;230. See <u>Horn</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A stag; the male of the red deer. See the Note under <u>Buck</u>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Goodliest of all the forest, <i>hart</i> and hind.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hart"beest`</hw> (-b&emacr;st`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [D. <i>hertebeest</i>. See <u>Hart</u>, and <u>Beast</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A large South African antelope (<i>Alcelaphus caama</i>), formerly much more abundant than it is now. The face and legs are marked with black, the rump with white.</def> [Written also <i>hartebeest</i>, and <i>hartebest</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Hart"en</hw> (-'n), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To hearten; to encourage; to incite.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hart"ford</hw> (h&auml;rt"f&etilde;rd), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The Hartford grape, a variety of grape first raised at <i>Hartford</i>, Connecticut, from the Northern fox grape. Its large dark-colored berries ripen earlier than those of most other kinds.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hart's" clo`ver</hw> (h&auml;rts" kl&omacr;`v&etilde;r). <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Melilot or sweet clover. See <u>Melilot</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hart's"-ear`</hw> (-&emacr;r`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>An Asiatic species of <i>Cacalia</i> (<i>C. Kleinia</i>), used medicinally in India.</def></p>

<p><hw>Harts"horn`</hw> (-h&ocirc;rn`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The horn or antler of the hart, or male red deer.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Spirits of hartshorn (see below); volatile salts.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Hartshorn plantain</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>an annual species of plantain (<i>Plantago Coronopus</i>); — called also <i>buck's-horn</i>.</cd> <i>Booth.</i> — <col><b>Hartshorn shavings</b></col>, <cd>originally taken from the horns of harts, are now obtained chiefly by planing down the bones of calves. They afford a kind of jelly.</cd> <i>Hebert.</i> — <col><b>Salt of hartshorn</b></col> <i>(Chem.)</i>, <cd>an impure solid carbonate of ammonia, obtained by the destructive distillation of hartshorn, or any kind of bone; volatile salts.</cd> <i>Brande & C.</i> — <col><b>Spirits of hartshorn</b></col> <i>(Chem.)</i>, <cd>a solution of ammonia in water; — so called because formerly obtained from hartshorn shavings by destructive distillation. Similar ammoniacal solutions from other sources have received the same name.</cd></p>

<p><! p. 673 pr=JMD !></p>

<p><hw>Hart's"-tongue`</hw> (h&auml;rts"t&ubreve;ng`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A common British fern (<i>Scolopendrium vulgare</i>), rare in America.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A West Indian fern, the <i>Polypodium Phyllitidis</i> of Linn&aelig;us. It is also found in Florida.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hart"wort`</hw> (h&auml;rt"w&ucirc;rt`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A coarse umbelliferous plant of Europe (<i>Tordylium maximum</i>).</def></p>

<p>&fist; The name is often vaguely given to other plants of the same order, as species of <i>Seseli</i> and <i>Bupleurum</i>.</p>

<p><hw>Har"um-scar"um</hw> (h&acirc;r"&ubreve;m*sk&acirc;r"&ubreve;m), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. <i>hare</i>,<pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>, and <i>scare</i>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>] <def>Wild; giddy; flighty; rash; thoughtless.</def> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><blockquote>They had a quarrel with Sir Thomas Newcome's own son, a <i>harum-scarum</i> lad.</blockquote> <i>Thackeray.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ha*rus`pi*ca"tion</hw> (h&adot;*r&ubreve;s`p&ibreve;*k&amacr;"sh&ubreve;n), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Haruspicy</u>.</def> <i>Tylor.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ha*rus"pice</hw> (h&adot;*r&ubreve;s"p&ibreve;s), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., fr. L. <i>haruspex</i>.] <def>A diviner of ancient Rome. Same as <u>Aruspice</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ha*rus"pi*cy</hw> (-p&ibreve;*s&ybreve;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The art or practices of haruspices. See <u>Aruspicy</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Har"vest</hw> (h&auml;r"v&ebreve;st), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>harvest</i>, <i>hervest</i>, AS. <i>h&aelig;rfest</i> autumn; akin to LG. <i>harfst</i>, D. <i>herfst</i>, OHG. <i>herbist</i>, G. <i>herbst</i>, and prob. to L. <i>carpere</i> to pluck, Gr. <grk>karpo`s</grk> fruit. Cf. <u>Carpet</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The gathering of a crop of any kind; the ingathering of the crops; also, the season of gathering grain and fruits, late summer or early autumn.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Seedtime and <i>harvest</i> . . . shall not cease.</blockquote> <i>Gen. viii. 22.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>At <i>harvest</i>, when corn is ripe.</blockquote> <i>Tyndale.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>That which is reaped or ready to be reaped or gathered; a crop, as of grain (wheat, maize, etc.), or fruit.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Put ye in the sickle, for the <i>harvest</i> is ripe.</blockquote> <i>Joel iii. 13.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>To glean the broken ears after the man<BR> That the main <i>harvest</i> reaps.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>The product or result of any exertion or labor; gain; reward.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The pope's principal <i>harvest</i> was in the jubilee.</blockquote> <i>Fuller.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>harvest</i> of a quiet eye.</blockquote> <i>Wordsworth.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Harvest fish</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a marine fish of the Southern United States (<i>Stromateus alepidotus</i>); — called <i>whiting</i> in Virginia. Also applied to the dollar fish.</cd> — <col><b>Harvest fly</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>an hemipterous insect of the genus <i>Cicada</i>, often called <i>locust</i>. See <u>Cicada</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Harvest lord</b></col>, <cd>the head reaper at a harvest.</cd> [Obs.] <i>Tusser.</i> — <col><b>Harvest mite</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a minute European mite (<i>Leptus autumnalis</i>), of a bright crimson color, which is troublesome by penetrating the skin of man and domestic animals; — called also <i>harvest louse</i>, and <i>harvest bug</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Harvest moon</b></col>, <cd>the moon near the full at the time of harvest in England, or about the autumnal equinox, when, by reason of the small angle that is made by the moon's orbit with the horizon, it rises nearly at the same hour for several days.</cd> — <col><b>Harvest mouse</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a very small European field mouse (<i>Mus minutus</i>). It builds a globular nest on the stems of wheat and other plants.</cd> — <col><b>Harvest queen</b></col>, <cd>an image representing Ceres, formerly carried about on the last day of harvest.</cd> <i>Milton.</i> — <col><b>Harvest spider</b></col>. <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <cd>See <u>Daddy longlegs</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Har"vest</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Harvested</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Harvesting</u>.] <def>To reap or gather, as any crop.</def></p>

<p><hw>Har"vest*er</hw> (-&etilde;r), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who harvests; a machine for cutting and gathering grain; a reaper.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A harvesting ant.</def></p>

<p><hw>Har"vest-home"</hw> (-h&omacr;m), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The gathering and bringing home of the harvest; the time of harvest.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Showed like a stubble land at <i>harvest- home</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The song sung by reapers at the feast made at the close of the harvest; the feast itself.</def> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A service of thanksgiving, at harvest time, in the Church of England and in the Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>The opportunity of gathering treasure.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Har"vest*ing</hw>, <def><pos><i>a. & n.</i></pos>, from <u>Harvest</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos></def></p>

<p><col><b>Harvesting ant</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>any species of ant which gathers and stores up seeds for food. Many species are known.</cd></p>

<p>&fist; The species found in Southern Europe and Palestine are <i>Aphenogaster structor</i> and <i>A. barbara</i>; that of Texas, called <i>agricultural ant</i>, is <i>Pogonomyrmex barbatus</i> or <i>Myrmica molifaciens</i>; that of Florida is <i>P. crudelis</i>. See <i>Agricultural ant</i>, under <u>Agricultural</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Har"vest*less</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Without harvest; lacking in crops; barren.</def> "<i>Harvestless</i> autumns." <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Har"vest*man</hw> (-m<i>a</i>n), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Harvestmen</b></plw> (-m<i>e</i>n). <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A man engaged in harvesting.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>See <u>Daddy longlegs</u>, 1.</def></p>

<p><hw>Har"vest*ry</hw> (-r&ybreve;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The act of harvesting; also, that which is harvested.</def> <i>Swinburne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Har"y</hw> (h&abreve;r"&ybreve;), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [Cf. OF. <i>harier</i> to harass, or E. <i>harry</i>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>] <def>To draw; to drag; to carry off by violence.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Has</hw> (h&abreve;z), <def><pos><i>3d pers. sing. pres.</i></pos> of <u>Have</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Has"ard</hw> (-&etilde;rd), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Hazard.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hase</hw> (h&amacr;z), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [Obs.] <def>See <u>Haze</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos></def></p>

<p><hw>Hash</hw> (h&abreve;sh), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Formerly <i>hachey</i>, <i>hachee</i>, F. <i>hachis</i>, fr. <i>hacher</i> to hash; of German origin; cf. G. <i>hippe</i> sickle, OHG. <i>hippa</i>, for <i>happia</i>. Cf. <u>Hatchet</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>That which is hashed or chopped up; meat and vegetables, especially such as have been already cooked, chopped into small pieces and mixed.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A new mixture of old matter; a second preparation or exhibition.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I can not bear elections, and still less the <i>hash</i> of them over again in a first session.</blockquote> <i>Walpole.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hash</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Hashed</u> (h&abreve;sht); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Hashing</u>.] [From <u>Hash</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>: cf. F. <i>hacher</i> to hash.] <def>To chop into small pieces; to mince and mix; as, to <i>hash</i> meat.</def> <i>Hudibras.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Hash"eesh</hw> <hw>Hash"ish</hw> } (h&abreve;sh"&emacr;sh), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Ar. <i>hash&imacr;sh</i>.] <def>A slightly acrid gum resin produced by the common hemp (<i>Cannabis sativa</i>), of the variety <i>Indica</i>, when cultivated in a warm climate; also, the tops of the plant, from which the resinous product is obtained. It is narcotic, and has long been used in the East for its intoxicating effect. See <u>Bhang</u>, and <u>Ganja</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hask</hw> (h&abreve;sk), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Hassock</u>.] <def>A basket made of rushes or flags, as for carrying fish.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Has"let</hw> (h&abreve;s"l&ebreve;t), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>h&acirc;telettes</i> broil, for <i>hastelettes</i>, fr. F. <i>haste</i> spit; cf. L. <i>hasta</i> spear, and also OHG. <i>harst</i> gridiron.] <def>The edible viscera, as the heart, liver, etc., of a beast, esp. of a hog.</def> [Written also <i>harslet</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Hasp</hw> (h&adot;sp), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>hasp</i>, <i>hesp</i>, AS. <i>h&aelig;pse</i>; akin to G. <i>haspe</i>, <i>h&auml;spe</i>, Sw. & Dan. <i>haspe</i>, Icel. <i>hespa</i>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A clasp, especially a metal strap permanently fast at one end to a staple or pin, while the other passes over a staple, and is fastened by a padlock or a pin; also, a metallic hook for fastening a door.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A spindle to wind yarn, thread, or silk on.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>An instrument for cutting the surface of grass land; a scarifier.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hasp</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Hasped</u> (h&adot;spt); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Hasping</u>.] [AS. <i>h&aelig;psian</i>.] <def>To shut or fasten with a hasp.</def></p>

<p><hw>Has"sock</hw> (h&abreve;s"s&ubreve;k), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Scot. <i>hassock</i>, <i>hassik</i>, a besom, anything bushy, a large, round turf used as a seat, OE. <i>hassok</i> sedgy ground, W. <i>hesgog</i> sedgy, <i>hesg</i> sedge, rushes; cf. Ir. <i>seisg</i>, and E. <i>sedge</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A rank tuft of bog grass; a tussock.</def> <i>Forby.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A small stuffed cushion or footstool, for kneeling on in church, or for home use.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>And knees and <i>hassocks</i> are well nigh divorced.</blockquote> <i>Cowper.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hast</hw> (h&abreve;st), <def><pos><i>2d pers. sing. pres.</i></pos> of <u>Have</u>, contr. of <i>havest</i>.</def> [Archaic]</p>

<p>{ <hw>Has"tate</hw> (h&abreve;s"t&asl;t), <hw>Has"ta*ted</hw>(- t&asl;*t&ebreve;d), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>hastatus</i>, fr. <i>hasta</i> spear. Cf. <u>Gad</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <def>Shaped like the head of a halberd; triangular, with the basal angles or lobes spreading; as, a <i>hastate</i> leaf.</def></p>

<p><hw>Haste</hw> (h&amacr;st), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>hast</i>; akin to D. <i>haast</i>, G., Dan., Sw., & OFries. <i>hast</i>, cf. OF. <i>haste</i>, F. <i>h&acirc;te</i> (of German origin); all perh. fr. the root of E. <i>hate</i> in a earlier sense of, to pursue. See <u>Hate</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Celerity of motion; speed; swiftness; dispatch; expedition; — applied only to voluntary beings, as men and other animals.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The king's business required <i>haste</i>.</blockquote> <i>1 Sam. xxi. 8.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The state of being urged or pressed by business; hurry; urgency; sudden excitement of feeling or passion; precipitance; vehemence.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I said in my <i>haste</i>, All men are liars.</blockquote> <i>Ps. cxvi. 11.</i></p>

<p><col><b>To make haste</b></col>, <cd>to hasten.</cd></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Speed; quickness; nimbleness; swiftness; expedition; dispatch; hurry; precipitance; vehemence; precipitation. — <u>Haste</u>, <u>Hurry</u>, <u>Speed</u>, <u>Dispatch</u>. <i>Haste</i> denotes quickness of action and a strong desire for getting on; <i>hurry</i> includes a confusion and want of collected thought not implied in <i>haste</i>; <i>speed</i> denotes the actual progress which is made; <i>dispatch</i>, the promptitude and rapidity with which things are done. A man may properly be in <i>haste</i>, but never in a <i>hurry</i>. <i>Speed</i> usually secures <i>dispatch</i>.</p>

<p><hw>Haste</hw>, <pos><i>v. t. & i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Hasted</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Hasting</u>.] [OE. <i>hasten</i>; akin to G. <i>hasten</i>, D. <i>haasten</i>, Dan. <i>haste</i>, Sw. <i>hasta</i>, OF. <i>haster</i>, F. <i>h&acirc;ter</i>. See <u>Haste</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <def>To hasten; to hurry.</def> [Archaic]</p>

<p><blockquote>I 'll <i>haste</i> the writer.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>They were troubled and <i>hasted</i> away.</blockquote> <i>Ps. xlviii. 5.</i></p>

<p><hw>Has"ten</hw> (h&amacr;s"'n), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Hastened</u> (-'nd); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Hastening</u> (-'n*&ibreve;ng).] <def>To press; to drive or urge forward; to push on; to precipitate; to accelerate the movement of; to expedite; to hurry.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I would <i>hasten</i> my escape from the windy storm.</blockquote> <i>Ps. lv. 8.</i></p>

<p><hw>Has"ten</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To move with celerity; to be rapid in motion; to act speedily or quickly; to go quickly.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I <i>hastened</i> to the spot whence the noise came.</blockquote> <i>De Foe.</i></p>

<p><hw>Has"ten*er</hw> (-&etilde;r), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who hastens.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>That which hastens; especially, a stand or reflector used for confining the heat of the fire to meat while roasting before it.</def></p>

<p><hw>Has"tif</hw> (h&amacr;s"t&ibreve;f), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [OF. See <u>Hastive</u>.] <def>Hasty.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i> — <wf>Has"tif*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Has"tile</hw> (h&abreve;s"t&imacr;l or -t&ibreve;l), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>hasta</i> a spear.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Hastate</u>.</def> <i>Gray.</i></p>

<p><hw>Has"ti*ly</hw> (h&amacr;s"t&ibreve;*l&ybreve;), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> [From <u>Hasty</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>In haste; with speed or quickness; speedily; nimbly.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Without due reflection; precipitately; rashly.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>We <i>hastily</i> engaged in the war.</blockquote> <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Passionately; impatiently.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Has"ti*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality or state of being hasty; haste; precipitation; rashness; quickness of temper.</def></p>

<p><hw>Has"tings</hw> (-t&ibreve;ngz), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [From <u>Haste</u>, <pos><i>v.</i></pos>] <def>Early fruit or vegetables; especially, early pease.</def> <i>Mortimer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Has"tings sands`</hw> (s&abreve;ndz`). <i>(Geol.)</i> <def>The lower group of the Wealden formation; — so called from its development around <i>Hastings</i>, in Sussex, England.</def></p>

<p><hw>Has"tive</hw> (-t&ibreve;v), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [OF. <i>hastif</i>. See <u>Haste</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, and cf. <u>Hastif</u>.] <def>Forward; early; — said of fruits.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Has"ty</hw> (h&amacr;s"t&ybreve;), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<pos><i>Compar.</i></pos> <u>Hastier</u> (-t&ibreve;*&etilde;r); <pos><i>superl.</i></pos> <u>Hastiest</u>.] [Akin to D. <i>haastig</i>, G., Sw., & Dan. <i>hastig</i>. See <u>Haste</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Involving haste; done, made, etc., in haste; as, a <i>hasty</i> retreat; a <i>hasty</i> sketch.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Demanding haste or immediate action.</def> [R.] <i>Chaucer.</i> "<i>Hasty</i> employment." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Moving or acting with haste or in a hurry; hurrying; hence, acting without deliberation; precipitate; rash; easily excited; eager.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Seest thou a man that is <i>hasty</i> in his words? There is more hope of a fool than of him.</blockquote> <i>Prov. xxix. 20.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>hasty</i> multitude<BR> Admiring entered.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Be not <i>hasty</i> to go out of his sight.</blockquote> <i>Eccl. viii. 3.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Made or reached without deliberation or due caution; as, a <i>hasty</i> conjecture, inference, conclusion, etc., a <i>hasty</i> resolution.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>Proceeding from, or indicating, a quick temper.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Take no unkindness of his <i>hasty</i> words.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>Forward; early; first ripe.</def> [Obs.] "As the <i>hasty</i> fruit before the summer." <i>Is. xxviii. 4.</i></p>

<p><hw>Has"ty pud"ding</hw> (h&amacr;s"t&ybreve; p&usdot;d"d&ibreve;ng). <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A thick batter pudding made of Indian meal stirred into boiling water; mush.</def> [U. S.]</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A batter or pudding made of flour or oatmeal, stirred into boiling water or milk.</def> [Eng.]</p>

<p><hw>Hat</hw> (h&auml;t), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Hot.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hat</hw>, <def><pos><i>sing. pres.</i></pos> of <u>Hote</u> to be called. Cf.</def> <u>Hatte</u>. [Obs.] "That one <i>hat</i> abstinence." <i>Piers Plowman.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hat</hw> (h&abreve;t), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>h&aelig;t</i>, <i>h&aelig;tt</i>; akin to Dan. <i>hat</i>, Sw. <i>hatt</i>, Icel. <i>hattr</i> a hat, <i>h&ouml;ttr</i> hood, D. <i>hoed</i> hat, G. <i>hut</i>, OHG. <i>huot</i>, and prob. to L. <i>cassis</i> helmet. &radic;13. Cf. <u>Hood</u>.] <def>A covering for the head; esp., one with a crown and brim, made of various materials, and worn by men or women for protecting the head from the sun or weather, or for ornament.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Hat block</b></col>, <cd>a block on which hats are formed or dressed.</cd> — <col><b>To pass around the hat</b></col>, <cd>to take up a collection of voluntary contributions, which are often received in a hat.</cd> [Colloq.] <i>Lowell.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hat"a*ble</hw> (h&amacr;t"&adot;*b'l), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [From <u>Hate</u>.] <def>Capable of being, or deserving to be, hated; odious; detestable.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hat"band`</hw> (h&abreve;t"b&abreve;nd`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A band round the crown of a hat; sometimes, a band of black cloth, crape, etc., worn as a badge of mourning.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hat"box`</hw> (-b&obreve;ks`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A box for a hat.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hatch</hw> (h&abreve;ch), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Hatched</u> (h&abreve;cht); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Hatching</u>.] [F. <i>hacher</i> to chop, hack. See <u>Hash</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To cross with lines in a peculiar manner in drawing and engraving. See <u>Hatching</u>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Shall win this sword, silvered and <i>hatched</i>.</blockquote> <i>Chapman.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Those <i>hatching</i> strokes of the pencil.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To cross; to spot; to stain; to steep.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>His weapon <i>hatched</i> in blood.</blockquote> <i>Beau. & Fl.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hatch</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [OE. <i>hacchen</i>, <i>hetchen</i>; akin to G. <i>hecken</i>, Dan. <i>hekke</i>; cf. MHG. <i>hagen</i> bull; perh. akin to E. <i>hatch</i> a half door, and orig. meaning, to produce under a hatch. &radic;12.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To produce, as young, from an egg or eggs by incubation, or by artificial heat; to produce young from (eggs); as, the young when <i>hatched</i>.</def> <i>Paley.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>As the partridge sitteth on eggs, and <i>hatcheth</i> them not.</blockquote> <i>Jer. xvii. 11.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>For the hens do not sit upon the eggs; but by keeping them in a certain equal heat they [the husbandmen] bring life into them and <i>hatch</i> them.</blockquote> <i>Robynson (More's Utopia).</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To contrive or plot; to form by meditation, and bring into being; to originate and produce; to concoct; as, to <i>hatch</i> mischief; to <i>hatch</i> heresy.</def> <i>Hooker.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Fancies <i>hatched</i><BR> In silken-folded idleness.</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hatch</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To produce young; — said of eggs; to come forth from the egg; — said of the young of birds, fishes, insects, etc.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hatch</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of hatching.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Development; disclosure; discovery.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>The chickens produced at once or by one incubation; a brood.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hatch</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>hacche</i>, AS. <i>h&aelig;c</i>, cf. <i>haca</i> the bar of a door, D. <i>hek</i> gate, Sw. <i>h&auml;ck</i> coop, rack, Dan. <i>hekke</i> manger, rack. Prob. akin to E. <i>hook</i>, and first used of something made of pieces fastened together. Cf. <u>Heck</u>, <u>Hack</u> a frame.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A door with an opening over it; a half door, sometimes set with spikes on the upper edge.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>In at the window, or else o'er the <i>hatch</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A frame or weir in a river, for catching fish.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A flood gate; a sluice gate.</def> <i>Ainsworth.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>A bedstead.</def> [Scot.] <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>An opening in the deck of a vessel or floor of a warehouse which serves as a passageway or hoistway; a hatchway; also; a cover or door, or one of the covers used in closing such an opening.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <i>(Mining)</i> <def>An opening into, or in search of, a mine.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Booby hatch</b></col>, <col><b>Buttery hatch</b></col>, <col><b>Companion hatch</b></col>, etc. <cd>See under <u>Booby</u>, <u>Buttery</u>, etc.</cd> — <col><b>To batten down the hatches</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>to lay tarpaulins over them, and secure them with battens.</cd> — <col><b>To be under hatches</b></col>, <cd>to be confined below in a vessel; to be under arrest, or in slavery, distress, etc.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Hatch</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To close with a hatch or hatches.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>'T were not amiss to keep our door <i>hatched</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hatch"-boat`</hw> (h&abreve;ch"b&omacr;t`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>A vessel whose deck consists almost wholly of movable hatches; — used mostly in the fisheries.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hatch"el</hw> (-&ebreve;l; 277), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>hechele</i>, <i>hekele</i>; akin to D. <i>hekel</i>, G. <i>hechel</i>, Dan. <i>hegle</i>, Sw. <i>h&auml;kla</i>, and prob. to E. <i>hook</i>. See <u>Hook</u>, and cf. <u>Hackle</u>, <u>Heckle</u>.] <def>An instrument with long iron teeth set in a board, for cleansing flax or hemp from the tow, hards, or coarse part; a kind of large comb; — called also <i>hackle</i> and <i>heckle</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hatch"el</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Hatcheled</u> or <u>Hatchelled</u> (-&ebreve;ld); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Hatcheling</u> or <u>Hatchelling</u>.] [OE. <i>hechelen</i>, <i>hekelen</i>; akin to D. <i>hekelen</i>, G. <i>hecheln</i>, Dan. <i>hegle</i>, Sw. <i>h&auml;kla</i>. See <u>Hatchel</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To draw through the teeth of a hatchel, as flax or hemp, so as to separate the coarse and refuse parts from the fine, fibrous parts.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To tease; to worry; to torment.</def> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><hw>Hatch"el*er</hw> (-&etilde;r), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who uses a hatchel.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hatch"er</hw> (-&etilde;r), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who hatches, or that which hatches; a hatching apparatus; an incubator.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>One who contrives or originates; a plotter.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A great <i>hatcher</i> and breeder of business.</blockquote> <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hatch"er*y</hw> (-&ybreve;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A house for hatching fish, etc.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hatch"et</hw> (-&ebreve;t), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>hachette</i>, dim. of <i>hache</i> ax. See 1st <u>Hatch</u>, <u>Hash</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A small ax with a short handle, to be used with one hand.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Specifically, a tomahawk.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Buried was the bloody <i>hatchet</i>.</blockquote> <i>Longfellow.</i></p>

<p><! p. 674 pr=JMD !></p>

<p><col><b>Hatchet face</b></col>, <cd>a thin, sharp face, like the edge of a hatchet</cd>; hence: <col><b>Hatchet-faced</b></col>, <cd>sharp-visaged.</cd> <i>Dryden.</i> — <col><b>To bury the hatchet</b></col>, <cd>to make peace or become reconciled.</cd> — <col><b>To take up the hatchet</b></col>, <cd>to make or declare war. The last two phrases are derived from the practice of the American Indians.</cd></p>

<p>{ <hw>Hatch"et*tine</hw> (h&abreve;ch"&ebreve;t*t&ibreve;n), <hw>Hatch"et*tite</hw> (-t&ibreve;t), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Named after the discoverer, Charles <i>Hatchett</i>.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>Mineral tallow; a waxy or spermaceti-like substance, commonly of a greenish yellow color.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hatch"ing</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See 1st <u>Hatch</u>.] <def>A mode of execution in engraving, drawing, and miniature painting, in which shading is produced by lines crossing each other at angles more or less acute; — called also <i>crosshatching</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hatch"ment</hw> (-m<i>e</i>nt), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Corrupt. fr. <i>achievement</i>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Her.)</i> <def>A sort of panel, upon which the arms of a deceased person are temporarily displayed, — usually on the walls of his dwelling. It is lozenge-shaped or square, but is hung cornerwise. It is used in England as a means of giving public notification of the death of the deceased, his or her rank, whether married, widower, widow, etc. Called also <i>achievement</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>His obscure funeral;<BR> No trophy, sword, or <i>hatchment</i> o'er his bones.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A sword or other mark of the profession of arms; in general, a mark of dignity.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Let there be deducted, out of our main potation,<BR> Five marks in <i>hatchments</i> to adorn this thigh.</blockquote> <i>Beau. & Fl.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hatch"ure</hw> (-&usl;r; 135), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Hachure</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hatch"way`</hw> (-w&amacr;`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A square or oblong opening in a deck or floor, affording passage from one deck or story to another; the entrance to a cellar.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hate</hw> (h&amacr;t), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Hated</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Hating</u>.] [OE. <i>haten</i>, <i>hatien</i>, AS. <i>hatian</i>; akin to OS. <i>hatan</i>, <i>hat&omacr;n</i> to be hostile to, D. <i>haten</i> to hate, OHG. <i>hazz&emacr;n</i>, <i>hazz&omacr;n</i>, G. <i>hassen</i>, Icel. & Sw. <i>hata</i>, Dan. <i>hade</i>, Goth. <i>hatan</i>, <i>hatjan</i>. &radic;36. Cf. <u>Hate</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, <u>Heinous</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To have a great aversion to, with a strong desire that evil should befall the person toward whom the feeling is directed; to dislike intensely; to detest; as, to <i>hate</i> one's enemies; to <i>hate</i> hypocrisy.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Whosoever <i>hateth</i> his brother is a murderer.</blockquote> <i>1 John iii. 15.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To be very unwilling; followed by an infinitive, or a substantive clause with <i>that</i>; as, to <i>hate</i> to get into debt; to <i>hate</i> that anything should be wasted.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I <i>hate</i> that he should linger here.</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Script.)</i> <def>To love less, relatively.</def> <i>Luke xiv. 26.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — To <u>Hate</u>, <u>Abhor</u>, <u>Detest</u>, <u>Abominate</u>, <u>Loathe</u>. <i>Hate</i> is the generic word, and implies that one is inflamed with extreme dislike. We <i>abhor</i> what is deeply repugnant to our sensibilities or feelings. We <i>detest</i> what contradicts so utterly our principles and moral sentiments that we feel bound to lift up our voice against it. What we <i>abominate</i> does equal violence to our moral and religious sentiments. What we <i>loathe</i> is offensive to our own nature, and excites unmingled disgust. Our Savior is said to have <i>hated</i> the deeds of the Nicolaitanes; his language shows that he <i>loathed</i> the lukewarmness of the Laodiceans; he <i>detested</i> the hypocrisy of the scribes and Pharisees; he <i>abhorred</i> the suggestions of the tempter in the wilderness.</p>

<p><hw>Hate</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>hate</i>, <i>hete</i>, AS. <i>hete</i>; akin to D. <i>haat</i>, G. <i>hass</i>, Icel. <i>hatr</i>, SW. <i>hat</i>, Dan. <i>had</i>, Goth. <i>hatis</i>. Cf. <u>Hate</u>, <pos><i>v.</i></pos>] <def>Strong aversion coupled with desire that evil should befall the person toward whom the feeling is directed; as exercised toward things, intense dislike; hatred; detestation; — opposed to <i>love</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>For in a wink the false love turns to <i>hate</i>.</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hate"ful</hw> (-f&usdot;l), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Manifesting hate or hatred; malignant; malevolent.</def> [Archaic or R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>And worse than death, to view with <i>hateful</i> eyes<BR> His rival's conquest.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Exciting or deserving great dislike, aversion, or disgust; odious.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Unhappy, wretched, <i>hateful</i> day!</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Odious; detestable; abominable; execrable; loathsome; abhorrent; repugnant; malevolent.</p>

<p>— <wf>Hate"ful*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Hate"ful*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Hat"el</hw> (h&amacr;t"&ebreve;l), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Hateful; detestable.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Hat"er</hw> (h&amacr;t"&etilde;r), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who hates.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>An enemy to God, and a <i>hater</i> of all good.</blockquote> <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hath</hw> (h&abreve;th), <pos><i>3d pers. sing. pres.</i></pos> of <u>Have</u>, contracted from <i>haveth</i>. <def>Has.</def> [Archaic]</p>

<p><hw>Hat"less</hw> (h&abreve;t"l&ebreve;s), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having no hat.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hat"rack`</hw> (h&abreve;t"r&abreve;k`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A hatstand; hattree.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ha"tred</hw> (h&amacr;"tr&ebreve;d), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>hatred</i>, <i>hatreden</i>. See <u>Hate</u>, and cf. <u>Kindred</u>.] <def>Strong aversion; intense dislike; hate; an affection of the mind awakened by something regarded as evil.</def></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Odium; ill will; enmity; hate; animosity; malevolence; rancor; malignity; detestation; loathing; abhorrence; repugnance; antipathy. See <u>Odium</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Hat"stand`</hw> (h&abreve;t"st&abreve;nd`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A stand of wood or iron, with hooks or pegs upon which to hang hats, etc.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hat"te</hw> (h&auml;t"t<i>e</i>), <def><pos><i>pres. & imp. sing. & pl.</i></pos> of <u>Hote</u>, to be called. See <u>Hote</u>.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>A full perilous place, purgatory it <i>hatte</i>.</blockquote> <i>Piers Plowman.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hat"ted</hw> (h&abreve;t"t&ebreve;d), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Covered with a hat.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hat"ter</hw> (-t&etilde;r), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [Prov. E., to entangle; cf. LG. ver<i>haddern</i>, ver<i>heddern</i>, ver<i>hiddern</i>.] <def>To tire or worry; — with <i>out</i>.</def> [Obs.] <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hat"ter</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who makes or sells hats.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Hat*te"ri*a</hw> (h&abreve;t*t&emacr;"r&ibreve;*&adot;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A New Zealand lizard, which, in anatomical character, differs widely from all other existing lizards. It is the only living representative of the order <i>Rhynchocephala</i>, of which many Mesozoic fossil species are known; — called also <i>Sphenodon</i>, and <i>Tuatera</i>. See <u>Rhynchocephala</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hat"ting</hw> (h&abreve;t"t&ibreve;ng), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The business of making hats; also, stuff for hats.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Hat"ti-sher`if</hw> (h&abreve;t"t&ibreve;*sh&ebreve;r`&ibreve;f or h&auml;t"t&emacr;*sh&asl;*r&emacr;f"), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Turk., fr. Ar. <i>khatt</i> a writing + <i>sher&imacr;f</i> noble.] <def>A irrevocable Turkish decree countersigned by the sultan.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hat"tree`</hw> (h&abreve;t"tr&emacr;`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A hatstand.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hau*ber"ge*on</hw> (h&add;*b&etilde;r"j&esl;*&obreve;n), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Habergeon</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hau"berk</hw> (h&add;"b&etilde;rk), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>hauberc</i>, <i>halberc</i>, F. <i>haubert</i>, OHG. <i>halsberc</i>; <i>hals</i> neck + <i>bergan</i> to protect, G. <i>bergen</i>; akin to AS. <i>healsbeorg</i>, Icel. <i>h&amacr;lsbj&ouml;rg</i>. See <u>Collar</u>, and <u>Bury</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>] <def>A coat of mail; especially, the long coat of mail of the European Middle Ages, as contrasted with the habergeon, which is shorter and sometimes sleeveless. By old writers it is often used synonymously with <i>habergeon</i>. See <u>Habergeon</u>.</def> [Written variously <i>hauberg</i>, <i>hauberque</i>, <i>hawberk</i>, etc.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Helm, nor <i>hawberk's</i> twisted mail.</blockquote> <i>Gray.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hau"er*ite</hw> (h&add;"&etilde;r*&imacr;t), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Named after Von <i>Hauer</i>, of Vienna.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>Native sulphide of manganese, a reddish brown or brownish black mineral.</def></p>

<p><hw>Haugh</hw> (h&add;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Haw</u> a hedge.] <def>A low-lying meadow by the side of a river.</def> [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]</p>

<p><blockquote>On a <i>haugh</i> or level plain, near to a royal borough.</blockquote> <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><hw>Haught</hw> (h&add;t), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See <u>Haughty</u>.] <def>High; elevated; hence, haughty; proud.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Haugh"ti*ly</hw> (h&add;"t&ibreve;*l&ybreve;), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> [From <u>Haughty</u>.] <def>In a haughty manner; arrogantly.</def></p>

<p><hw>Haugh"ti*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [For <i>hauteinness</i>. See <u>Haughty</u>.] <def>The quality of being haughty; disdain; arrogance.</def></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Arrogance; disdain; contemptuousness; superciliousness; loftiness. — <u>Haughtiness</u>, <u>Arrogance</u>, <u>Disdain</u>. <i>Haughtiness</i> denotes the expression of conscious and proud superiority; <i>arrogance</i> is a disposition to claim for one's self more than is justly due, and enforce it to the utmost; <i>disdain</i> in the exact reverse of condescension toward inferiors, since it expresses and desires others to feel how far below ourselves we consider them. A person is <i>haughty</i> in disposition and demeanor; <i>arrogant</i> in his claims of homage and deference; <i>disdainful</i> even in accepting the deference which his <i>haughtiness</i> leads him <i>arrogantly</i> to exact.</p>

<p><hw>Haugh"ty</hw> (-t&ybreve;), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<pos><i>Compar.</i></pos> <u>Haughtier</u> (-t&ibreve;*&etilde;r); <pos><i>superl.</i></pos> <u>Haughtiest</u>.] [OE. <i>hautein</i>, F. <i>hautain</i>, fr. <i>haut</i> high, OF. also <i>halt</i>, fr. L. <i>altus</i>. See <u>Altitude</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>High; lofty; bold.</def> [Obs. or Archaic]</p>

<p><blockquote>To measure the most <i>haughty</i> mountain's height.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Equal unto this <i>haughty</i> enterprise.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Disdainfully or contemptuously proud; arrogant; overbearing.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A woman of a <i>haughty</i> and imperious nature.</blockquote> <i>Clarendon.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Indicating haughtiness; as, a <i>haughty</i> carriage.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Satan, with vast and <i>haughty</i> strides advanced,<BR> Came towering.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Haul</hw> (h&add;l), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Hauled</u> (h&add;ld); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Hauling</u>.] [OE. <i>halen</i>, <i>halien</i>, F. <i>haler</i>, of German or Scand. origin; akin to AS. <i>geholian</i> to acquire, get, D. <i>halen</i> to fetch, pull, draw, OHG. <i>hol&omacr;n</i>, <i>hal&omacr;n</i>, G. <i>holen</i>, Dan. <i>hale</i> to haul, Sw. <i>hala</i>, and to L. <i>calare</i> to call, summon, Gr. <grk>kalei^n</grk> to call. Cf. <u>Hale</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>, <u>Claim</u>. <u>Class</u>, <u>Council</u>, <u>Ecclesiastic</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To pull or draw with force; to drag.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Some dance, some <i>haul</i> the rope.</blockquote> <i>Denham.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Thither they bent, and <i>hauled</i> their ships to land.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Romp-loving miss<BR> Is <i>hauled</i> about in gallantry robust.</blockquote> <i>Thomson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To transport by drawing, as with horses or oxen; as, to <i>haul</i> logs to a sawmill.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>When I was seven or eight years of age, I began <i>hauling</i> all the wood used in the house and shops.</blockquote> <i>U. S. Grant.</i></p>

<p><col><b>To haul over the coals</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Coal</u>.</cd> — <col><b>To haul the wind</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>to turn the head of the ship nearer to the point from which the wind blows.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Haul</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>To change the direction of a ship by hauling the wind. See under <u>Haul</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos></def></p>

<p><blockquote>I . . . <i>hauled</i> up for it, and found it to be an island.</blockquote> <i>Cook.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To pull apart, as oxen sometimes do when yoked.</def></p>

<p><col><b>To haul around</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>to shift to any point of the compass; — said of the wind.</cd> — <col><b>To haul off</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>to sail closer to the wind, in order to get farther away from anything; hence, to withdraw; to draw back.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Haul</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A pulling with force; a violent pull.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A single draught of a net; as, to catch a hundred fish at a <i>haul</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>That which is caught, taken, or gained at once, as by hauling a net.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Transportation by hauling; the distance through which anything is hauled, as freight in a railroad car; as, a long <i>haul</i> or short <i>haul</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <i>(Rope Making)</i> <def>A bundle of about four hundred threads, to be tarred.</def></p>

<p><hw>Haul"age</hw> (-&asl;j), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Act of hauling; as, the <i>haulage</i> of cars by an engine; charge for hauling.</def></p>

<p><hw>Haul"er</hw> (-&etilde;r), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who hauls.</def></p>

<p><hw>Haulm</hw> (h&add;m), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>halm</i>, AS. <i>healm</i>; akin to D., G., Dan., & Sw. <i>halm</i>, Icel. <i>h&amacr;lmr</i>, L. <i>calamus</i> reed, cane, stalk, Gr. <grk>kalamo`s</grk>. Cf. <u>Excel</u>, <u>Culminate</u>, <u>Culm</u>, <u>Shawm</u>, <u>Calamus</u>.] <def>The denuded stems or stalks of such crops as buckwheat and the cereal grains, beans, etc.; straw.</def></p>

<p><hw>Haulm</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A part of a harness; a hame.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hauls</hw> (h&add;ls), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Obs.] <def>See <u>Hals</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Haulse</hw> (h&add;ls), <pos><i>v.</i></pos> [Obs.] <def>See <u>Halse</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hault</hw> (h&add;lt), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [OF. <i>hault</i>, F. <i>haut</i>. See <u>Haughty</u>.] <def>Lofty; haughty.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Through support of countenance proud and <i>hault</i>.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Haum</hw> (h&add;m), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Haulm</u>, stalk.</def> <i>Smart.</i></p>

<p><hw>Haunce</hw> (h&adot;ns), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To enhance.</def> [Obs.] <i>Lydgate.</i></p>

<p><hw>Haunch</hw> (h&auml;nch; 277), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>hanche</i>, of German origin; cf. OD. <i>hancke</i>, <i>hencke</i>, and also OHG. <i>ancha</i>; prob. not akin to E. <i>ankle</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The hip; the projecting region of the lateral parts of the pelvis and the hip joint; the hind part.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Of meats: The leg and loin taken together; as, a <i>haunch</i> of venison.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Haunch bone</b></col>. <cd>See <i>Innominate bone</i>, under <u>Innominate</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Haunches of an arch</b></col> <i>(Arch.)</i>, <cd>the parts on each side of the crown of an arch. (See <u>Crown</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, 11.) Each <i>haunch</i> may be considered as from one half to two thirds of the half arch.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Haunched</hw> (h&auml;ncht), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having haunches.</def></p>

<p><hw>Haunt</hw> (h&auml;nt; 277), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Haunted</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Haunting</u>.] [F. <i>hanter</i>; of uncertain origin, perh. from an assumed LL. <i>ambitare</i> to go about, fr. L. <i>ambire</i> (see <u>Ambition</u>); or cf. Icel. <i>heimta</i> to demand, regain, akin to <i>heim</i> home (see <u>Home</u>). &radic;36.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To frequent; to resort to frequently; to visit pertinaciously or intrusively; to intrude upon.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>You wrong me, sir, thus still to <i>haunt</i> my house.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Those cares that <i>haunt</i> the court and town.</blockquote> <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To inhabit or frequent as a specter; to visit as a ghost or apparition.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Foul spirits <i>haunt</i> my resting place.</blockquote> <i>Fairfax.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To practice; to devote one's self to.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>That other merchandise that men <i>haunt</i> with fraud . . . is cursed.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Leave honest pleasure, and <i>haunt</i> no good pastime.</blockquote> <i>Ascham.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To accustom; to habituate.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote><i>Haunt</i> thyself to pity.</blockquote> <i>Wyclif.</i></p>

<p><hw>Haunt</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To persist in staying or visiting.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I've charged thee not to <i>haunt</i> about my doors.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Haunt</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A place to which one frequently resorts; as, drinking saloons are the <i>haunts</i> of tipplers; a den is the <i>haunt</i> of wild beasts.</def></p>

<p>&fist; In Old English the place occupied by any one as a dwelling or in his business was called a <i>haunt</i>.</p>

<p>Often used figuratively. </p>

<p><blockquote>The household nook,<BR> The <i>haunt</i> of all affections pure.</blockquote> <i>Keble.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The feeble soul, a <i>haunt</i> of fears.</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The habit of resorting to a place.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>haunt</i> you have got about the courts.</blockquote> <i>Arbuthnot.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Practice; skill.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Of clothmaking she hadde such an <i>haunt</i>.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Haunt"ed</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Inhabited by, or subject to the visits of, apparitions; frequented by a ghost.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>All houses wherein men have lived and died<BR> Are <i>haunted</i> houses.</blockquote> <i>Longfellow.</i></p>

<p><hw>Haunt"er</hw> (-&etilde;r), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who, or that which, haunts.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hau"ri*ent</hw> (h&add;"r&ibreve;*<i>e</i>nt), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>hauriens</i>, p. pr. of <i>haurire</i> to breathe.] <i>(Her.)</i> <def>In pale, with the head in chief; — said of the figure of a fish, as if rising for air.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hau"sen</hw> (h&add;"s&ebreve;n), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [G.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A large sturgeon (<i>Acipenser huso</i>) from the region of the Black Sea. It is sometimes twelve feet long.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hausse</hw> (h&add;s), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F.] <i>(Gun.)</i> <def>A kind of graduated breech sight for a small arm, or a cannon.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Haus`tel*la"ta</hw> (h&add;s`t&ebreve;l*l&amacr;"t&adot;), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr. <i>haustellum</i>, fr. L. <i>haurire</i>, <i>haustum</i>, to draw water, to swallow. See <u>Exhaust</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>An artificial division of insects, including all those with a sucking proboscis.</def></p>

<p><hw>Haus"tel*late</hw> (h&add;s"t&ebreve;l*l&asl;t or h&add;s*t&ebreve;l"l&asl;t), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See <u>Haustellata</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Provided with a haustellum, or sucking proboscis.</def> — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One of the Haustellata.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Haus*tel"lum</hw> (h&add;s*t&ebreve;l"l&ubreve;m), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Haustella</b></plw> (- l&adot;). [NL.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The sucking proboscis of various insects. See <u>Lepidoptera</u>, and <u>Diptera</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Haus*to"ri*um</hw> (-t&omacr;"r&ibreve;*&ubreve;m), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Haustoria</b></plw> (- &adot;). [LL., a well, fr. L. <i>haurire</i>, <i>haustum</i>, to drink.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>One of the suckerlike rootlets of such plants as the dodder and ivy.</def> <i>R. Brown.</i></p>

<p><hw>Haut</hw> (h&add;t), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [F. See <u>Haughty</u>.] <def>Haughty.</def> [Obs.] "Nations proud and <i>haut</i>." <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Haut"boy</hw> (h&omacr;"boi), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>hautbois</i>, lit., high wood; <i>haut</i> high + <i>bois</i> wood. So called on account of its high tone. See <u>Haughty</u>, <u>Bush</u>; and cf. <u>Oboe</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Mus.)</i> <def>A wind instrument, sounded through a reed, and similar in shape to the clarinet, but with a thinner tone. Now more commonly called <i>oboe</i>. See <i>Illust.</i> of <u>Oboe</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A sort of strawberry (<i>Fragaria elatior</i>).</def></p>

<p><hw>Haut"boy*ist</hw> (-&ibreve;st), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>hautbo&iuml;ste</i>.] <def>A player on the hautboy.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hau"tein</hw> (h&omacr;"t&asl;n), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See <u>Haughty</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Haughty; proud.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>High; — said of the voice or flight of birds.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>||Hau`teur"</hw> (h&omacr;`t&etilde;r"), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., fr. <i>haut</i> high. See <u>Haughty</u>.] <def>Haughty manner or spirit; haughtiness; pride; arrogance.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Haut`go&ucirc;t"</hw> (h&omacr;`g&oomac;"), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F.] <def>High relish or flavor; high seasoning.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Haut`pas"</hw> (h&omacr;`p&auml;"), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>haut</i> high + <i>pas</i> step.] <def>A raised part of the floor of a large room; a platform for a raised table or throne. See <u>Dais</u>.</def></p>

<p><! p. 675 pr=JMD !></p>

<p><hw>Ha"&uuml;y*nite</hw> (&auml;"w&esl;*n&imacr;t), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From the French mineralogist <i>Ha&uuml;y</i>.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>A blue isometric mineral, characteristic of some volcanic rocks. It is a silicate of alumina, lime, and soda, with sulphate of lime.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ha*van"a</hw> (h&adot;*v&abreve;n"&adot;), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to Havana, the capital of the island of Cuba; as, an <i>Havana</i> cigar</def>; — formerly sometimes written <i>Havannah</i>. — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>An Havana cigar.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Young Frank Clavering stole his father's <i>Havannahs</i>, and . . . smoked them in the stable.</blockquote> <i>Thackeray.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hav`an*ese"</hw> (h&abreve;v`&abreve;n*&emacr;z" or - &emacr;s"), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to Havana, in Cuba.</def> — <pos><i>n. sing. & pl.</i></pos> <def>A native or inhabitant, or the people, of Havana.</def></p>

<p><hw>Have</hw> (h&abreve;v), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Had</u> (h&abreve;d); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Having</u>. <pos><i>Indic. present</i></pos>, I <u>have</u>, thou <u>hast</u>, he <u>has</u>; we, ye, they <u>have</u>.] [OE. <i>haven</i>, <i>habben</i>, AS. <i>habben</i> (imperf. <i>h&aelig;fde</i>, p. p. <i>geh&aelig;fd</i>); akin to OS. <i>hebbian</i>, D. <i>hebben</i>, OFries. <i>hebba</i>, OHG. <i>hab&emacr;n</i>, G. <i>haben</i>, Icel. <i>hafa</i>, Sw. <i>hafva</i>, Dan. <i>have</i>, Goth. <i>haban</i>, and prob. to L. <i>habere</i>, whence F. <i>avoir</i>. Cf. <u>Able</u>, <u>Avoirdupois</u>, <u>Binnacle</u>, <u>Habit</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To hold in possession or control; to own; as, he <i>has</i> a farm.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To possess, as something which appertains to, is connected with, or affects, one.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The earth <i>hath</i> bubbles, as the water <i>has</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>He <i>had</i> a fever late.</blockquote> <i>Keats.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To accept possession of; to take or accept.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Break thy mind to me in broken English; wilt thou <i>have</i> me?</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To get possession of; to obtain; to get.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>To cause or procure to be; to effect; to exact; to desire; to require.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I <i>had</i> the church accurately described to me.</blockquote> <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Wouldst thou <i>have</i> me turn traitor also?</blockquote> <i>Ld. Lytton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>To bear, as young; as, she has just <i>had</i> a child.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <def>To hold, regard, or esteem.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Of them shall I be <i>had</i> in honor.</blockquote> <i>2 Sam. vi. 22.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>8.</b></sn> <def>To cause or force to go; to take.</def> "The stars <i>have</i> us to bed." <i>Herbert.</i> "<i>Have</i> out all men from me." <i>2 Sam. xiii. 9.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>9.</b></sn> <def>To take or hold (one's self); to proceed promptly; — used reflexively, often with ellipsis of the pronoun; as, to <i>have</i> after one; to <i>have</i> at one or at a thing, <i>i. e.</i>, to aim at one or at a thing; to attack; to <i>have</i> with a companion.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>10.</b></sn> <def>To be under necessity or obligation; to be compelled; followed by an infinitive.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Science <i>has</i>, and will long <i>have</i>, to be a divider and a separatist.</blockquote> <i>M. Arnold.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The laws of philology <i>have</i> to be established by external comparison and induction.</blockquote> <i>Earle.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>11.</b></sn> <def>To understand.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>You <i>have</i> me, have you not?</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>12.</b></sn> <def>To put in an awkward position; to have the advantage of; as, that is where he <i>had</i> him.</def> [Slang]</p>

<p>&fist; <i>Have</i>, as an auxiliary verb, is used with the past participle to form preterit tenses; as, I <i>have</i> loved; I shall <i>have</i> eaten. Originally it was used only with the participle of transitive verbs, and denoted the possession of the object in the state indicated by the participle; as, <i>I have conquered him</i>, I have or hold him in a conquered state; but it has long since lost this independent significance, and is used with the participles both of transitive and intransitive verbs as a device for expressing past time. <i>Had</i> is used, especially in poetry, for <i>would have</i> or <i>should have</i>.</p>

<p><blockquote>Myself for such a face <i>had</i> boldly died.</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><col><b>To have a care</b></col>, <cd>to take care; to be on one's guard.</cd> — <col><b>To have (a man) out</b></col>, <cd>to engage (one) in a duel.</cd> — <col><b>To have done</b></col> (with). <cd>See under <u>Do</u>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos></cd> — <col><b>To have it out</b></col>, <cd>to speak freely; to bring an affair to a conclusion.</cd> — <col><b>To have on</b></col>, <cd>to wear.</cd> - - <col><b>To have to do with</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Do</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos></cd></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — To possess; to own. See <u>Possess</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Have"less</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having little or nothing.</def> [Obs.] <i>Gower.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hav"e*lock</hw> (h&abreve;v"&esl;*l&obreve;k), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From <i>Havelock</i>, an English general distinguished in India in the rebellion of 1857.] <def>A light cloth covering for the head and neck, used by soldiers as a protection from sunstroke.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ha"ven</hw> (h&amacr;"v'n), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>h&aelig;fene</i>; akin to D. & LG. <i>haven</i>, G. <i>hafen</i>, MHG. <i>habe</i>, Dan. <i>havn</i>, Icel. <i>h&ouml;fn</i>, Sw. <i>hamn</i>; akin to E. <i>have</i>, and hence orig., a holder; or to <i>heave</i> (see <u>Heave</u>); or akin to AS. <i>h&aelig;f</i> sea, Icel. & Sw. <i>haf</i>, Dan. <i>hav</i>, which is perh. akin to E. <i>heave</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A bay, recess, or inlet of the sea, or the mouth of a river, which affords anchorage and shelter for shipping; a harbor; a port.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>What shipping and what lading 's in our <i>haven</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Their <i>haven</i> under the hill.</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A place of safety; a shelter; an asylum.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>haven</i>, or the rock of love.</blockquote> <i>Waller.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ha"ven</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To shelter, as in a haven.</def> <i>Keats.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ha"ven*age</hw> (-&asl;j), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Harbor dues; port dues.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ha"vened</hw> (h&amacr;"v'nd), <pos><i>p. a.</i></pos> <def>Sheltered in a haven.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Blissful <i>havened</i> both from joy and pain.</blockquote> <i>Keats.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ha"ven*er</hw> (h&amacr;"v'n*&etilde;r), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A harbor master.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Ha"ver</hw> (h&abreve;v"&etilde;r), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A possessor; a holder.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hav"er</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [D. <i>haver</i>; akin to G. <i>haber</i>.] <def>The oat; oats.</def> [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]</p>

<p><col><b>Haver bread</b></col>, <cd>oaten bread.</cd> — <col><b>Haver cake</b></col>, <cd>oaten cake.</cd> <i>Piers Plowman.</i> — <col><b>Haver grass</b></col>, <cd>the wild oat.</cd> — <col><b>Haver meal</b></col>, <cd>oatmeal.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Ha"ver</hw> (h&amacr;"v&etilde;r), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [Etymol. uncertain.] <def>To maunder; to talk foolishly; to chatter.</def> [Scot.] <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hav"er*sack</hw> (h&abreve;v"&etilde;r*s&abreve;k), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>havresac</i>, G. <i>habersack</i>, sack for oats. See 2d <u>Haver</u>, and <u>Sack</u> a bag.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A bag for oats or oatmeal.</def> [Prov. Eng.]</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A bag or case, usually of stout cloth, in which a soldier carries his rations when on a march; — distinguished from <i>knapsack</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A gunner's case or bag used to carry cartridges from the ammunition chest to the piece in loading.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ha*ver"sian</hw> (h&adot;*v&etilde;r"sh<i>a</i>n), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pertaining to, or discovered by, Clopton <i>Havers</i>, an English physician of the seventeenth century.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Haversian canals</b></col> <i>(Anat.)</i>, <cd>the small canals through which the blood vessels ramify in bone.</cd></p>

<p><hw>||Hav`il*dar"</hw> (h&abreve;v`&ibreve;l*d&auml;r"), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>In the British Indian armies, a noncommissioned officer of native soldiers, corresponding to a sergeant.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Havildar major</b></col>, <cd>a native sergeant major in the East Indian army.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Hav"ing</hw> (h&abreve;v"&ibreve;ng), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Possession; goods; estate.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I 'll lend you something; my <i>having</i> is not much.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hav"ior</hw> (h&amacr;v"y&etilde;r), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>havour</i>, a corruption of OF. <i>aveir</i>, <i>avoir</i>, a having, of same origin as E. <i>aver</i> a work horse. The <i>h</i> is due to confusion with E. <i>have</i>.] <def>Behavior; demeanor.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hav"oc</hw> (h&abreve;v"&obreve;k), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [W. <i>hafog</i> devastation, havoc; or, if this be itself fr. E. <i>havoc</i>, cf. OE. <i>havot</i>, or AS. <i>hafoc</i> hawk, which is a cruel or rapacious bird, or F. <i>hai, voux!</i> a cry to hounds.] <def>Wide and general destruction; devastation; waste.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>As for Saul, he made <i>havoc</i> of the church.</blockquote> <i>Acts viii. 3.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Ye gods, what <i>havoc</i> does ambition make<BR> Among your works!</blockquote> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hav"oc</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To devastate; to destroy; to lay waste.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>To waste and <i>havoc</i> yonder world.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hav"oc</hw>, <pos><i>interj.</i></pos> [See <u>Havoc</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <def>A cry in war as the signal for indiscriminate slaughter.</def> <i>Toone.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Do not cry <i>havoc</i>, where you should but hunt<BR> With modest warrant.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Cry '<i>havoc</i>,' and let slip the dogs of war!</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Haw</hw> (h&add;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>hawe</i>, AS. <i>haga</i>; akin to D. <i>haag</i> headge, G. <i>hag</i>, <i>hecke</i>, Icel. <i>hagi</i> pasture, Sw. <i>hage</i>, Dan. <i>have</i> garden. &radic;12. Cf. <u>Haggard</u>, <u>Ha-ha</u>, <u>Haugh</u>, <u>Hedge</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A hedge; an inclosed garden or yard.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>And eke there was a polecat in his <i>haw</i>.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The fruit of the hawthorn.</def> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><hw>Haw</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Etymol. uncertain.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>The third eyelid, or nictitating membrane. See <i>Nictitating membrane</i>, under <u>Nictitate</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Haw</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. <i>ha</i> an interjection of wonder, surprise, or hesitation.] <def>An intermission or hesitation of speech, with a sound somewhat like <i>haw!</i> also, the sound so made.</def> "Hums or <i>haws</i>." <i>Congreve.</i></p>

<p><hw>Haw</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To stop, in speaking, with a sound like <i>haw</i>; to speak with interruption and hesitation.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Cut it short; don't prose — don't hum and <i>haw</i>.</blockquote> <i>Chesterfield.</i></p>

<p><hw>Haw</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Hawed</u> (h&add;d); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Hawing</u>.] [Written also <i>hoi</i>.] [Perhaps connected with <i>here</i>, <i>hither</i>; cf., however, F. <i>huhau</i>, <i>hurhau</i>, <i>hue</i>, interj. used in turning a horse to the right, G. <i>hott</i>, <i>h&uuml;</i>, interj. used in calling to a horse.] <def>To turn to the near side, or toward the driver; — said of cattle or a team: a word used by teamsters in guiding their teams, and most frequently in the imperative. See <u>Gee</u>.</def></p>

<p><col><b>To haw and gee</b></col>, or <col><b>To haw and gee about</b></col>, <cd>to go from one thing to another without good reason; to have no settled purpose; to be irresolute or unstable.</cd> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><hw>Haw</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To cause to turn, as a team, to the near side, or toward the driver; as, to <i>haw</i> a team of oxen.</def></p>

<p><col><b>To haw and gee</b></col>, or <col><b>To haw and gee about</b></col>, <cd>to lead this way and that at will; to lead by the nose; to master or control.</cd> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><hw>Ha*wai"ian</hw> (h&adot;*w&imacr;"y<i>a</i>n), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Belonging to Hawaii or the Sandwich Islands, or to the people of Hawaii.</def> — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A native of Hawaii.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hawe"bake`</hw> (h&add;"b&amacr;k`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Probably, the baked berry of the hawthorn tree, that is, coarse fare. See 1st <u>Haw</u>, 2.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Haw"finch`</hw> (h&add;"f&ibreve;nch`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The common European grosbeak (<i>Coccothraustes vulgaris</i>); — called also <i>cherry finch</i>, and <i>coble</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Haw-haw"</hw> (h&add;*h&add;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Duplication of <i>haw</i> a hedge.] <def>See <u>Ha-ha</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Haw*haw"</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [Of imitative origin.] <def>To laugh boisterously.</def> [Colloq. U. S.]</p>

<p><blockquote>We <i>haw-haw'd</i>, I tell you, for more than half an hour.</blockquote> <i>Major Jack Downing.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hawk</hw> (h&add;k), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>hauk</i> (prob. fr. Icel.), <i>havek</i>, AS. <i>hafoc</i>, <i>heafoc</i>; akin to D. <i>havik</i>, OHG. <i>habuh</i>, G. <i>habicht</i>, Icel. <i>haukr</i>, Sw. <i>h&ouml;k</i>, Dan. <i>h&ouml;g</i>, prob. from the root of E. <i>heave</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of numerous species and genera of rapacious birds of the family <i>Falconid&aelig;</i>. They differ from the true falcons in lacking the prominent tooth and notch of the bill, and in having shorter and less pointed wings. Many are of large size and grade into the eagles. Some, as the goshawk, were formerly trained like falcons. In a more general sense the word is not infrequently applied, also, to true falcons, as the sparrow <i>hawk</i>, pigeon <i>hawk</i>, duck <i>hawk</i>, and prairie <i>hawk</i>.</def></p>

<p>&fist; Among the common American species are the red-tailed hawk (<i>Buteo borealis</i>); the red-shouldered (<i>B. lineatus</i>); the broad-winged (<i>B. Pennsylvanicus</i>); the rough-legged (<i>Archibuteo lagopus</i>); the sharp-shinned (<i>Accipiter fuscus</i>). See <u>Fishhawk</u>, <u>Goshawk</u>, <i>Marsh hawk</i>, under <u>Marsh</u>, <i>Night hawk</i>, under <u>Night</u>.</p>

<p><col><b>Bee hawk</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the honey buzzard.</cd> — <col><b>Eagle hawk</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Eagle</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Hawk eagle</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>an Asiatic bird of the genus <i>Spiz&aelig;tus</i>, or <i>Limn&aelig;tus</i>, intermediate between the hawks and eagles. There are several species.</cd> — <col><b>Hawk fly</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a voracious fly of the family <i>Asilid&aelig;</i>. See <i>Hornet fly</i>, under <u>Hornet</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Hawk moth</b></col>. <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <cd>See <u>Hawk moth</u>, in the Vocabulary.</cd> — <col><b>Hawk owl</b></col>. <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>A northern owl (<i>Surnia ulula</i>) of Europe and America. It flies by day, and in some respects resembles the hawks.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>An owl of India (<i>Ninox scutellatus</i>).</cd> — <col><b>Hawk's bill</b></col> <i>(Horology)</i>, <cd>the pawl for the rack, in the striking mechanism of a clock.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Hawk</hw> (h&add;k), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Hawked</u> (h&add;kt); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Hawking</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To catch, or attempt to catch, birds by means of hawks trained for the purpose, and let loose on the prey; to practice falconry.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A falconer Henry is, when Emma <i>hawks</i>.</blockquote> <i>Prior.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To make an attack while on the wing; to soar and strike like a hawk; — generally with <i>at</i>; as, to <i>hawk</i> at flies.</def> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>A falcon, towering in her pride of place,<BR> Was by a mousing owl <i>hawked</i> at and killed.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hawk</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [W. <i>hochi</i>.] <def>To clear the throat with an audible sound by forcing an expiratory current of air through the narrow passage between the depressed soft palate and the root of the tongue, thus aiding in the removal of foreign substances.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hawk</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To raise by hawking, as phlegm.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hawk</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [W. <i>hoch</i>.] <def>An effort to force up phlegm from the throat, accompanied with noise.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hawk</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [Akin to D. <i>hauker</i> a hawker, G. <i>h&ouml;ken</i>, <i>h&ouml;cken</i>, to higgle, to retail, <i>h&ouml;ke</i>, <i>h&ouml;ker</i>, a higgler, huckster. See <u>Huckster</u>.] <def>To offer for sale by outcry in the street; to carry (merchandise) about from place to place for sale; to peddle; as, to <i>hawk</i> goods or pamphlets.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>His works were <i>hawked</i> in every street.</blockquote> <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hawk</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Masonry)</i> <def>A small board, with a handle on the under side, to hold mortar.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Hawk boy</b></col>, <cd>an attendant on a plasterer to supply him with mortar.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Hawk"bill`</hw> (-b&ibreve;l`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A sea turtle (<i>Eretmochelys imbricata</i>), which yields the best quality of tortoise shell; — called also <i>caret</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hawk"bit`</hw> (-b&ibreve;t`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The fall dandelion (<i>Leontodon autumnale</i>).</def></p>

<p><hw>Hawked</hw> (h&add;kt), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Curved like a hawk's bill; crooked.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hawk"er</hw> (h&add;k"&etilde;r), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who sells wares by crying them in the street; hence, a peddler or a packman.</def> <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hawk"er</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To sell goods by outcry in the street.</def> [Obs.] <i>Hudibras.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hawk"er</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. AS. <i>hafecere</i>. See 1st <u>Hawk</u>.] <def>A falconer.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hawk"ey</hw> (-&ybreve;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Hockey</u>.</def> <i>Holloway.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hawk"-eyed`</hw> (-&imacr;d`), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having a keen eye; sharpsighted; discerning.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hawk" moth`</hw> (m&obreve;th`; 115). <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any moth of the family <i>Sphingid&aelig;</i>, of which there are numerous genera and species. They are large, handsome moths, which fly mostly at twilight and hover about flowers like a humming bird, sucking the honey by means of a long, slender proboscis. The larv&aelig; are large, hairless caterpillars ornamented with green and other bright colors, and often with a caudal spine. See <u>Sphinx</u>, also <i>Tobacco worm</i>, and <i>Tomato worm</i>.</def></p>

<p>Tobacco Hawk Moth (<i>Macrosila Carolina</i>), and its Larva, the Tobacco Worm.</p>

<p>&fist; The larv&aelig; of several species of hawk moths feed on grapevines. The elm-tree hawk moth is <i>Ceratomia Amyntor</i>.</p>

<p><hw>Hawk"weed`</hw> (-w&emacr;d`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A plant of the genus <i>Hieracium</i>; — so called from the ancient belief that birds of prey used its juice to strengthen their vision.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A plant of the genus <i>Senecio</i> (<i>S. hieracifolius</i>).</def> <i>Loudon.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hawm</hw> (h&add;m), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Haulm</u>, straw.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hawm</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [Etymol. uncertain.] <def>To lounge; to loiter.</def> [Prov. Eng.] <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hawse</hw> (h&add;z or h&add;s; 277), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Orig. a <i>hawse hole</i>, or hole in the bow of the ship; cf. Icel. <i>hals</i>, <i>h&amacr;ls</i>, neck, part of the bows of a ship, AS. <i>heals</i> neck. See <u>Collar</u>, and cf. <u>Halse</u> to embrace.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A hawse hole.</def> <i>Harris.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Naut.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The situation of the cables when a vessel is moored with two anchors, one on the starboard, the other on the port bow.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The distance ahead to which the cables usually extend; as, the ship has a clear or open <i>hawse</i>, or a foul <i>hawse</i>; to anchor in our <i>hawse</i>, or athwart <i>hawse</i>.</def> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <def>That part of a vessel's bow in which are the hawse holes for the cables.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Athwart hawse</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Athwart</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Foul hawse</b></col>, <cd>a hawse in which the cables cross each other, or are twisted together.</cd> — <col><b>Hawse block</b></col>, <cd>a block used to stop up a hawse hole at sea; — called also <i>hawse plug</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Hawse hole</b></col>, <cd>a hole in the bow of a ship, through which a cable passes.</cd> — <col><b>Hawse piece</b></col>, <cd>one of the foremost timbers of a ship, through which the hawse hole is cut.</cd> — <col><b>Hawse plug</b></col>. <cd>Same as <i>Hawse block</i> (above).</cd> — <col><b>To come in at the hawse holes</b></col>, <cd>to enter the naval service at the lowest grade.</cd> [Cant] — <col><b>To freshen the hawse</b></col>, <cd>to veer out a little more cable and bring the chafe and strain on another part.</cd></p>

<p><! p. 676 pr=JMD !></p>

<p><hw>Haws"er</hw> (h&add;z"&etilde;r or h&add;s"&etilde;r), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From F. <i>hausser</i> to lift, raise (cf. OF. <i>hausser&eacute;e</i> towpath, towing, F. <i>haussi&egrave;re</i> hawser), LL. <i>altiare</i>, fr. L. <i>altus</i> high. See <u>Haughty</u>.] <def>A large rope made of three strands each containing many yarns.</def></p>

<p>&fist; Three hawsers twisted together make a cable; but it nautical usage the distinction between cable and hawser is often one of size rather than of manufacture.</p>

<p><col><b>Hawser iron</b></col>, <cd>a calking iron.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Haws"er-laid`</hw> (-l&amacr;d`), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Made in the manner of a hawser. Cf. <u>Cable-laid</u>, and see <i>Illust.</i> of <u>Cordage</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Haw"thorn`</hw> (h&add;"th&ocirc;rn`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>haga&thorn;orn</i>, <i>h&aelig;g&thorn;orn</i>. See <u>Haw</u> a hedge, and <u>Thorn</u>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A thorny shrub or tree (the <i>Crat&aelig;gus oxyacantha</i>), having deeply lobed, shining leaves, small, roselike, fragrant flowers, and a fruit called <i>haw</i>. It is much used in Europe for hedges, and for standards in gardens. The American hawthorn is <i>Crat&aelig;gus cordata</i>, which has the leaves but little lobed.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Gives not the <i>hawthorn</i> bush a sweeter shade<BR> To shepherds?</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hay</hw> (h&amacr;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>hege</i>: cf. F. <i>haie</i>, of German origin. See <u>Haw</u> a hedge, <u>Hedge</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A hedge.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A net set around the haunt of an animal, especially of a rabbit.</def> <i>Rowe.</i></p>

<p><col><b>To dance the hay</b></col>, <cd>to dance in a ring.</cd> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hay</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To lay snares for rabbits.</def> <i>Huloet.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hay</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>hei</i>, AS. <i>h&emacr;g</i>; akin to D. <i>hooi</i>, OHG. <i>hewi</i>, <i>houwi</i>, G. <i>heu</i>, Dan. & Sw. <i>h&ouml;</i>, Icel. <i>hey</i>, <i>ha</i>, Goth. <i>hawi</i> grass, fr. the root of E. <i>hew</i>. See <u>Hew</u> to cut.] <def>Grass cut and cured for fodder.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Make <i>hay</i> while the sun shines.</blockquote> <i>Camden.</i></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Hay</i> may be dried too much as well as too little.</blockquote> <i>C. L. Flint.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Hay cap</b></col>, <cd>a canvas covering for a haycock.</cd> — <col><b>Hay fever</b></col> <i>(Med.)</i>, <cd>nasal catarrh accompanied with fever, and sometimes with paroxysms of dyspn&oelig;a, to which some persons are subject in the spring and summer seasons. It has been attributed to the effluvium from hay, and to the pollen of certain plants. It is also called <i>hay asthma</i>, <i>hay cold</i>, <i>rose cold</i>, and <i>rose fever</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Hay knife</b></col>, <cd>a sharp instrument used in cutting hay out of a stack or mow.</cd> — <col><b>Hay press</b></col>, <cd>a press for baling loose hay.</cd> — <col><b>Hay tea</b></col>, <cd>the juice of hay extracted by boiling, used as food for cattle, etc.</cd> — <col><b>Hay tedder</b></col>, <cd>a machine for spreading and turning new-mown hay. See <u>Tedder</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Hay</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To cut and cure grass for hay.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hay"bird`</hw> (h&amacr;"b&etilde;rd`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The European spotted flycatcher.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The European blackcap.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hay"bote`</hw> (h&amacr;"b&omacr;t`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Hay</u> hedge, and <u>Bote</u>, and cf. <u>Hedgebote</u>.] <i>(Eng. Law.)</i> <def>An allowance of wood to a tenant for repairing his hedges or fences; hedgebote. See <u>Bote</u>.</def> <i>Blackstone.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hay"cock`</hw> (h&amacr;"k&obreve;k`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A conical pile or heap of hay in the field.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The tanned <i>haycock</i> in the mead.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hay"-cut`ter</hw> (h&amacr;"k&ubreve;t`t&etilde;r), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A machine in which hay is chopped short, as fodder for cattle.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hay"field`</hw> (h&amacr;"f&emacr;ld`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A field where grass for hay has been cut; a meadow.</def> <i>Cowper.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hay"fork`</hw> (h&amacr;"f&ocirc;rk`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A fork for pitching and tedding hay.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Horse hayfork</b></col>, <cd>a contrivance for unloading hay from the cart and depositing it in the loft, or on a mow, by horse power.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Hay"loft`</hw> (h&amacr;"l&obreve;ft`; 115), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A loft or scaffold for hay.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hay"mak`er</hw> (h&amacr;"m&amacr;k`&etilde;r), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who cuts and cures hay.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A machine for curing hay in rainy weather.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hay"mak`ing</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The operation or work of cutting grass and curing it for hay.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hay"mow`</hw> (h&amacr;"mou`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A mow or mass of hay laid up in a barn for preservation.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The place in a barn where hay is deposited.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hay"rack`</hw> (h&amacr;"r&abreve;k`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A frame mounted on the running gear of a wagon, and used in hauling hay, straw, sheaves, etc.; — called also <i>hay rigging</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hay"rake`</hw> (h&amacr;"r&amacr;k`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A rake for collecting hay; especially, a large rake drawn by a horse or horses.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hay"rick`</hw> (-r&ibreve;k`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A heap or pile of hay, usually covered with thatch for preservation in the open air.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hay"stack`</hw> (h&amacr;"st&abreve;k`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A stack or conical pile of hay in the open air.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hay"stalk`</hw> (h&amacr;"st&add;k`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A stalk of hay.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hay"thorn`</hw> (h&amacr;"th&ocirc;rn`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Hawthorn.</def> <i>R. Scot.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hay"ti*an</hw> (h&amacr;"t&ibreve;*<i>a</i>n), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of pertaining to Hayti.</def> — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A native of Hayti.</def> [Written also <i>Haitian</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Hay"ward</hw> (h&amacr;"w&etilde;rd), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Hay</i> a hedge + <i>ward</i>.] <def>An officer who is appointed to guard hedges, and to keep cattle from breaking or cropping them, and whose further duty it is to impound animals found running at large.</def></p>

<p><hw>Haz"ard</hw> (h&abreve;z"&etilde;rd), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>hasard</i>, Sp. <i>azar</i> an unforeseen disaster or accident, an unfortunate card or throw at dice, prob. fr. Ar. <i>zahr</i>, <i>z&amacr;r</i>, a die, which, with the article <i>al</i> the, would give <i>azzahr</i>, <i>azz&amacr;r</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A game of chance played with dice.</def> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The uncertain result of throwing a die; hence, a fortuitous event; chance; accident; casualty.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I will stand the <i>hazard</i> of the die.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Risk; danger; peril; as, he encountered the enemy at the <i>hazard</i> of his reputation and life.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Men are led on from one stage of life to another in a condition of the utmost <i>hazard</i>.</blockquote> <i>Rogers.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Billiards)</i> <def>Holing a ball, whether the object ball (winning <i>hazard</i>) or the player's ball (losing <i>hazard</i>).</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>Anything that is hazarded or risked, as the stakes in gaming.</def> "Your latter <i>hazard</i>." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Hazard table</b></col>, <cd>a table on which hazard is played, or any game of chance for stakes.</cd> — <col><b>To run the hazard</b></col>, <cd>to take the chance or risk.</cd></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Danger; risk; chance. See <u>Danger</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Haz"ard</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Hazarded</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Hazarding</u>.] [Cf. F. <i>hasarder</i>. See <u>Hazard</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To expose to the operation of chance; to put in danger of loss or injury; to venture; to risk.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Men <i>hazard</i> nothing by a course of evangelical obedience.</blockquote> <i>John Clarke.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>He <i>hazards</i> his neck to the halter.</blockquote> <i>Fuller.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To venture to incur, or bring on.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I <i>hazarded</i> the loss of whom I loved.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>They <i>hazard</i> to cut their feet.</blockquote> <i>Landor.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — To venture; risk; jeopard; peril; endanger.</p>

<p><hw>Haz"ard</hw> (h&abreve;z"&etilde;rd), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To try the chance; to encounter risk or danger.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Haz"ard*a*ble</hw> (-&adot;*b'l), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Liable to hazard or chance; uncertain; risky.</def> <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Such as can be hazarded or risked.</def></p>

<p><hw>Haz"ard*er</hw> (-&etilde;r), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A player at the game of hazard; a gamester.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>One who hazards or ventures.</def></p>

<p><hw>Haz"ard*ize</hw> (-&imacr;z), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A hazardous attempt or situation; hazard.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Herself had run into that <i>hazardize</i>.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Haz"ard*ous</hw> (-&ubreve;s), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>hasardeux</i>.] <def>Exposed to hazard; dangerous; risky.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>To enterprise so <i>hazardous</i> and high!</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Perilous; dangerous; bold; daring; adventurous; venturesome; precarious; uncertain.</p>

<p>— <wf>Haz"ard*ous*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Haz"ard*ous*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Haz"ard*ry</hw> (-r&ybreve;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Playing at hazard; gaming; gambling.</def> [R.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Rashness; temerity.</def> [R.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Haze</hw> (h&amacr;z), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. Icel. <i>h&ouml;ss</i> gray; akin to AS. <i>hasu</i>, <i>heasu</i>, gray; or Armor. <i>a&eacute;zen</i>, <i>&eacute;zen</i>, warm vapor, exhalation, zephyr.] <def>Light vapor or smoke in the air which more or less impedes vision, with little or no dampness; a lack of transparency in the air; hence, figuratively, obscurity; dimness.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>O'er the sky<BR> The silvery <i>haze</i> of summer drawn.</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Above the world's uncertain <i>haze</i>.</blockquote> <i>Keble.</i></p>

<p><hw>Haze</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To be hazy, or thick with haze.</def> <i>Ray.</i></p>

<p><hw>Haze</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Hazed</u> (h&amacr;zd); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Hazing</u>.] [Also <i>hase</i>.] [Cf. Sw. <i>haza</i> to hamstring, fr. <i>has</i> hough, OD. <i>h&aelig;ssen</i> ham.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To harass by exacting unnecessary, disagreeable, or difficult work.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To harass or annoy by playing abusive or shameful tricks upon; to humiliate by practical jokes; — used esp. of college students; as, the sophomores <i>hazed</i> a freshman.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ha"zel</hw> (h&amacr;"z'l), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>hasel</i>, AS. <i>h&aelig;sel</i>; akin to D. <i>hazelaar</i>, G. <i>hazel</i>, OHG. <i>hasal</i>, <i>hasala</i>, Icel. <i>hasl</i>, Dan & Sw. <i>hassel</i>, L. <i>corylus</i>, for <i>cosylus</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A shrub or small tree of the genus <i>Corylus</i>, as the <i>C. avellana</i>, bearing a nut containing a kernel of a mild, farinaceous taste; the filbert. The American species are <i>C. Americana</i>, which produces the common hazelnut, and <i>C. rostrata</i>. See <u>Filbert</u>.</def> <i>Gray.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A miner's name for freestone.</def> <i>Raymond.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Hazel earth</b></col>, <cd>soil suitable for the hazel; a fertile loam.</cd> — <col><b>Hazel grouse</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a European grouse (<i>Bonasa betulina</i>), allied to the American ruffed grouse.</cd> — <col><b>Hazel hoe</b></col>, <cd>a kind of grub hoe.</cd> — <col><b>Witch hazel</b></col>. <cd>See <u>Witch-hazel</u>, and <u>Hamamelis</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Ha"zel</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Consisting of hazels, or of the wood of the hazel; pertaining to, or derived from, the hazel; as, a <i>hazel</i> wand.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I sit me down beside the <i>hazel</i> grove.</blockquote> <i>Keble.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Of a light brown color, like the hazelnut.</def> "Thou hast <i>hazel</i> eyes." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Haze"less</hw> (h&amacr;z"l&ebreve;s), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Destitute of haze.</def> <i>Tyndall.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ha"zel*ly</hw> (h&amacr;"z'l*l&ybreve;), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of the color of the hazelnut; of a light brown.</def> <i>Mortimer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ha"zel*nut`</hw> (h&amacr;"z'l*n&ubreve;t`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>h&aelig;selhnutu</i>.] <def>The nut of the hazel.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ha"zel*wort`</hw> (-w&ubreve;rt), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The asarabacca.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ha"zi*ly</hw> (h&amacr;"z&ibreve;*l&ybreve;), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a hazy manner; mistily; obscurely; confusedly.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ha"zi*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality or state of being hazy.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ha"zle</hw> (h&amacr;"z'l), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To make dry; to dry.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Ha"zy</hw> (h&amacr;"z&ybreve;), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [From <u>Haze</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Thick with haze; somewhat obscured with haze; not clear or transparent.</def> "A tender, <i>hazy</i> brightness." <i>Wordsworth.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Obscure; confused; not clear; as, a <i>hazy</i> argument; a <i>hazy</i> intellect.</def> <i>Mrs. Gore.</i></p>

<p><hw>He</hw> (h&emacr;), <pos><i>pron.</i></pos> [<pos><i>nom.</i></pos> <u>He</u>; <pos><i>poss.</i></pos> <u>His</u> (h&ibreve;z); <pos><i>obj.</i></pos> <u>Him</u> (h&ibreve;m); <pos><i>pl. nom.</i></pos> <u>They</u> (&thlig;&amacr;); <pos><i>poss.</i></pos> <u>Their</u> or <u>Theirs</u> (&thlig;&acirc;rz <i>or</i> &thlig;&amacr;rz); <pos><i>obj.</i></pos> <u>Them</u> (&thlig;&ebreve;m).] [AS. <i>h&emacr;</i>, masc., <i>he&oacute;</i>, fem., <i>hit</i>, neut.; pl. <i>h&imacr;</i>, or <i>hie</i>, <i>hig</i>; akin to OFries. <i>hi</i>, D. <i>hij</i>, OS. <i>he</i>, <i>hi</i>, G. <i>heute</i> to-day, Goth. <i>himma</i>, dat. masc., this, <i>hina</i>, accus. masc., and <i>hita</i>, accus. neut., and prob. to L. <i>hic</i> this. &radic;183. Cf. <u>It</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The man or male being (or object personified to which the masculine gender is assigned), previously designated; a pronoun of the masculine gender, usually referring to a specified subject already indicated.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Thy desire shall be to thy husband, and <i>he</i> shall rule over thee.</blockquote> <i>Gen. iii. 16.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Thou shalt fear the Lord thy God; <i>him</i> shalt thou serve.</blockquote> <i>Deut. x. 20.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Any one; the man or person; — used indefinitely, and usually followed by a relative pronoun.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>He</i> that walketh with wise men shall be wise.</blockquote> <i>Prov. xiii. 20.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Man; a male; any male person; — in this sense used substantively.</def> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>I stand to answer thee,<BR> Or any <i>he</i>, the proudest of thy sort.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p>&fist; When a collective noun or a class is referred to, <i>he</i> is of common gender. In early English, <i>he</i> referred to a feminine or neuter noun, or to one in the plural, as well as to noun in the masculine singular. In composition, <i>he</i> denotes a male animal; as, a <i>he</i>-goat.</p>

<p><hw>-head</hw> (-h&ebreve;d), <pos><i>suffix.</i></pos> <def>A variant of <u>-hood</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Head</hw> (h&ebreve;d), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>hed</i>, <i>heved</i>, <i>heaved</i>, AS. <i>he&aacute;fod</i>; akin to D. <i>hoofd</i>, OHG. <i>houbit</i>, G. <i>haupt</i>, Icel. <i>h&ouml;fu&eth;</i>, Sw. <i>hufvud</i>, Dan. <i>hoved</i>, Goth. <i>haubi&thorn;</i>. The word does not correspond regularly to L. <i>caput</i> head (cf. E. <u>Chief</u>, <u>Cadet</u>, <u>Capital</u>), and its origin is unknown.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The anterior or superior part of an animal, containing the brain, or chief ganglia of the nervous system, the mouth, and in the higher animals, the chief sensory organs; poll; cephalon.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The uppermost, foremost, or most important part of an inanimate object; such a part as may be considered to resemble the head of an animal; often, also, the larger, thicker, or heavier part or extremity, in distinction from the smaller or thinner part, or from the point or edge; as, the <i>head</i> of a cane, a nail, a spear, an ax, a mast, a sail, a ship; that which covers and closes the top or the end of a hollow vessel; as, the <i>head</i> of a cask or a steam boiler.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>The place where the head should go; as, the <i>head</i> of a bed, of a grave, etc.; the <i>head</i> of a carriage, that is, the hood which covers the head.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>The most prominent or important member of any organized body; the chief; the leader; as, the <i>head</i> of a college, a school, a church, a state, and the like.</def> "Their princes and <i>heads</i>." <i>Robynson (More's Utopia).</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>heads</i> of the chief sects of philosophy.</blockquote> <i>Tillotson.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Your <i>head</i> I him appoint.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>The place or honor, or of command; the most important or foremost position; the front; as, the <i>head</i> of the table; the <i>head</i> of a column of soldiers.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>An army of fourscore thousand troops, with the duke of Marlborough at the <i>head</i> of them.</blockquote> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>Each one among many; an individual; — often used in a plural sense; as, a thousand <i>head</i> of cattle.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>It there be six millions of people, there are about four acres for every <i>head</i>.</blockquote> <i>Graunt.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <def>The seat of the intellect; the brain; the understanding; the mental faculties; as, a good <i>head</i>, that is, a good mind; it never entered his <i>head</i>, it did not occur to him; of his own <i>head</i>, of his own thought or will.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Men who had lost both <i>head</i> and heart.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>8.</b></sn> <def>The source, fountain, spring, or beginning, as of a stream or river; as, the <i>head</i> of the Nile; hence, the altitude of the source, or the height of the surface, as of water, above a given place, as above an orifice at which it issues, and the pressure resulting from the height or from motion; sometimes also, the quantity in reserve; as, a mill or reservoir has a good <i>head</i> of water, or ten feet <i>head</i>; also, that part of a gulf or bay most remote from the outlet or the sea.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>9.</b></sn> <def>A headland; a promontory; as, Gay <i>Head</i>.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>10.</b></sn> <def>A separate part, or topic, of a discourse; a theme to be expanded; a subdivision; as, the <i>heads</i> of a sermon.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>11.</b></sn> <def>Culminating point or crisis; hence, strength; force; height.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Ere foul sin, gathering <i>head</i>, shall break into corruption.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The indisposition which has long hung upon me, is at last grown to such a <i>head</i>, that it must quickly make an end of me or of itself.</blockquote> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>12.</b></sn> <def>Power; armed force.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>My lord, my lord, the French have gathered <i>head</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>13.</b></sn> <def>A headdress; a covering of the head; as, a laced <i>head</i>; a <i>head</i> of hair.</def> <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>14.</b></sn> <def>An ear of wheat, barley, or of one of the other small cereals.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>15.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A dense cluster of flowers, as in clover, daisies, thistles; a capitulum.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A dense, compact mass of leaves, as in a cabbage or a lettuce plant.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>16.</b></sn> <def>The antlers of a deer.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>17.</b></sn> <def>A rounded mass of foam which rises on a pot of beer or other effervescing liquor.</def> <i>Mortimer.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>18.</b></sn> <i>pl.</i> <def>Tiles laid at the eaves of a house.</def> <i>Knight.</i></p>

<p>&fist; <i>Head</i> is often used adjectively or in self-explaining combinations; as, <i>head</i> gear or <i>head</i>gear, <i>head</i> rest. Cf. <u>Head</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos></p>

<p><col><b>A buck of the first head</b></col>, <cd>a male fallow deer in its fifth year, when it attains its complete set of antlers.</cd> <i>Shak.</i> — <col><b>By the head</b></col>. <i>(Naut.)</i> <cd>See under <u>By</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Elevator head</b></col>, <col><b>Feed head</b></col>, etc. <cd>See under <u>Elevator</u>, <u>Feed</u>, etc.</cd> — <col><b>From head to foot</b></col>, <cd>through the whole length of a man; completely; throughout.</cd> "Arm me, audacity, from <i>head to foot</i>." <i>Shak.</i> — <col><b>Head and ears</b></col>, <cd>with the whole person; deeply; completely; as, he was <i>head and ears</i> in debt or in trouble.</cd> [Colloq.] — <col><b>Head fast</b></col>. <i>(Naut.)</i> <cd>See 5th <u>Fast</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Head kidney</b></col> <i>(Anat.)</i>, <cd>the most anterior of the three pairs of embryonic renal organs developed in most vertebrates; the pronephros.</cd> — <col><b>Head money</b></col>, <cd>a capitation tax; a poll tax.</cd> <i>Milton.</i> — <col><b>Head pence</b></col>, <cd>a poll tax.</cd> [Obs.] — <col><b>Head sea</b></col>, <cd>a sea that meets the head of a vessel or rolls against her course.</cd> — <col><b>Head and shoulders</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>By force; violently; as, to drag one, <i>head and shoulders</i>.</cd> "They bring in every figure of speech, <i>head and shoulders</i>." <i>Felton.</i> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>By the height of the head and shoulders; hence, by a great degree or space; by far; much; as, he is <i>head and shoulders</i> above them.</cd> — <col><b>Head or tail</b></col>, <cd>this side or that side; this thing or that; — a phrase used in throwing a coin to decide a choice, question, or stake, <i>head</i> being the side of the coin bearing the effigy or principal figure (or, in case there is no head or face on either side, that side which has the date on it), and <i>tail</i> the other side.</cd> — <col><b>Neither head nor tail</b></col>, <cd>neither beginning nor end; neither this thing nor that; nothing distinct or definite; — a phrase used in speaking of what is indefinite or confused; as, they made <i>neither head nor tail</i> of the matter.</cd> [Colloq.] — <col><b>Head wind</b></col>, <cd>a wind that blows in a direction opposite the vessel's course.</cd> — <col><b>Out of one's own head</b></col>, <cd>according to one's own idea; without advice or co&ouml;peration of another.</cd> <col><b>Over the head of</b></col>, <cd>beyond the comprehension of.</cd> <i>M. Arnold.</i> — <col><b>To be out of one's head</b></col>, <cd>to be temporarily insane.</cd> — <col><b>To come or draw to a head</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Come</u>, <u>Draw</u>.</cd> — <col><b>To give (one) the head</b></col>, or <col><b>To give head</b></col>, <cd>to let go, or to give up, control; to free from restraint; to give license.</cd> "He <i>gave</i> his able horse <i>the head</i>." <i>Shak.</i> "He has so long <i>given</i> his unruly passions their <i>head</i>." <i>South.</i> — <col><b>To his head</b></col>, <cd>before his face.</cd> "An uncivil answer from a son to a father, from an obliged person to a benefactor, is a greater indecency than if an enemy should storm his house or revile him <i>to his head</i>." <i>Jer. Taylor.</i> — <col><b>To lay heads together</b></col>, <cd>to consult; to conspire.</cd> — <col><b>To lose one's head</b></col>, <cd>to lose presence of mind.</cd> — <col><b>To make head</b></col>, or <col><b>To make head against</b></col>, <cd>to resist with success; to advance.</cd> — <col><b>To show one's head</b></col>, <cd>to appear.</cd> <i>Shak.</i> — <col><b>To turn head</b></col>, <cd>to turn the face or front.</cd> "The ravishers <i>turn head</i>, the fight renews." <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><! p. 677 pr=JMD !></p>

<p><hw>Head</hw> (h&ebreve;d), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Principal; chief; leading; first; as, the <i>head</i> master of a school; the <i>head</i> man of a tribe; a <i>head</i> chorister; a <i>head</i> cook.</def></p>

<p><hw>Head</hw> (h&ebreve;d), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Headed</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Heading</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To be at the head of; to put one's self at the head of; to lead; to direct; to act as leader to; as, to <i>head</i> an army, an expedition, or a riot.</def> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To form a head to; to fit or furnish with a head; as, to <i>head</i> a nail.</def> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To behead; to decapitate.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To cut off the top of; to lop off; as, to <i>head</i> trees.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>To go in front of; to get in the front of, so as to hinder or stop; to oppose; hence, to check or restrain; as, to <i>head</i> a drove of cattle; to <i>head</i> a person; the wind <i>heads</i> a ship.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>To set on the head; as, to <i>head</i> a cask.</def></p>

<p><col><b>To head off</b></col>, <cd>to intercept; to get before; as, an officer <i>heads off</i> a thief who is escaping.</cd> — <col><b>To head up</b></col>, <cd>to close, as a cask or barrel, by fitting a head to.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Head</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To originate; to spring; to have its source, as a river.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A broad river, that <i>heads</i> in the great Blue Ridge.</blockquote> <i>Adair.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To go or point in a certain direction; to tend; as, how does the ship <i>head</i>?</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To form a head; as, this kind of cabbage <i>heads</i> early.</def></p>

<p><hw>Head"ache`</hw> (h&ebreve;d"&amacr;k`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Pain in the head; cephalalgia.</def> "<i>Headaches</i> and shivering fits." <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><hw>Head"ach`y</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Afflicted with headache.</def> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><hw>Head"band`</hw> (-b&abreve;nd), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A fillet; a band for the head.</def> "The <i>headbands</i> and the tablets." <i>Is. iii. 20.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The band at each end of the back of a book.</def></p>

<p><hw>Head"board`</hw> (-b&omacr;rd`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A board or boarding which marks or forms the head of anything; as, the <i>headboard</i> of a bed; the <i>headboard</i> of a grave.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Head"bor*ough</hw> <hw>Head"bor*row</hw> } (h&ebreve;d"b&ubreve;r*&osl;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The chief of a frankpledge, tithing, or decennary, consisting of ten families; — called also <i>borsholder</i>, <i>boroughhead</i>, <i>boroughholder</i>, and sometimes <i>tithingman</i>. See <u>Borsholder</u>.</def> [Eng.] <i>Blackstone.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Modern Law)</i> <def>A petty constable.</def> [Eng.]</p>

<p><hw>Head"-cheese`</hw> (-ch&emacr;z`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A dish made of portions of the head, or head and feet, of swine, cut up fine, seasoned, and pressed into a cheeselike mass.</def></p>

<p><hw>Head"dress`</hw> (-dr&ebreve;s`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A covering or ornament for the head; a headtire.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Among birds the males very often appear in a most beautiful <i>headdress</i>, whether it be a crest, a comb, a tuft of feathers, or a natural little plume.</blockquote> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A manner of dressing the hair or of adorning it, whether with or without a veil, ribbons, combs, etc.</def></p>

<p><hw>Head"ed</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Furnished with a head (commonly as denoting intellectual faculties); — used in composition; as, clear-<i>headed</i>, long- <i>headed</i>, thick-<i>headed</i>; a many-<i>headed</i> monster.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Formed into a head; as, a <i>headed</i> cabbage.</def></p>

<p><hw>Head"er</hw>, (-&etilde;r), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who, or that which, heads nails, rivets, etc., esp. a machine for heading.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>One who heads a movement, a party, or a mob; head; chief; leader.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Arch.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A brick or stone laid with its shorter face or head in the surface of the wall.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>In framing, the piece of timber fitted between two trimmers, and supported by them, and carrying the ends of the tailpieces.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>A reaper for wheat, that cuts off the heads only.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>A fall or plunge headforemost, as while riding a bicycle, or in bathing; as, to take a <i>header</i>.</def> [Colloq.]</p>

<p>{ <hw>Head`first"</hw> (h&ebreve;d"f&etilde;rst`), <hw>Head`fore"most`</hw> (-f&omacr;r"m&omacr;st`), } <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>With the head foremost.</def></p>

<p><hw>Head"fish`</hw> (h&ebreve;d"f&ibreve;sh`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The sunfish (<i>Mola</i>).</def></p>

<p><hw>Head" gear`</hw>, or <hw>Head"gear`</hw> (-g&emacr;r`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Headdress.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Apparatus above ground at the mouth of a mine or deep well.</def></p>

<p><hw>Head"-hunt`er</hw> (-h&ubreve;nt`&etilde;r), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A member of any tribe or race of savages who have the custom of decapitating human beings and preserving their heads as trophies. The Dyaks of Borneo are the most noted head- hunters.</def></p>

<p>— <wf>Head"-hunt`ing</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Head"i*ly</hw> (-&ibreve;*l&ybreve;), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a heady or rash manner; hastily; rashly; obstinately.</def></p>

<p><hw>Head"i*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality of being heady.</def></p>

<p><hw>Head"ing</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act or state of one who, or that which, heads; formation of a head.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>That which stands at the head; title; as, the <i>heading</i> of a paper.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Material for the heads of casks, barrels, etc.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Mining.)</i> <def>A gallery, drift, or adit in a mine; also, the end of a drift or gallery; the vein above a drift.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <i>(Sewing)</i> <def>The extension of a line ruffling above the line of stitch.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <i>(Masonry)</i> <def>That end of a stone or brick which is presented outward.</def> <i>Knight.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Heading course</b></col> <i>(Arch.)</i>, <cd>a course consisting only of headers. See <u>Header</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> 3 <sd><i>(a)</i></sd>.</cd> — <col><b>Heading joint</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <i>(Carp.)</i> <cd>A joint, as of two or more boards, etc., at right angles to the grain of the wood.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <i>(Masonry)</i> <cd>A joint between two roussoirs in the same course.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Head"land</hw> (h&ebreve;d"l&abreve;nd), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A cape; a promontory; a point of land projecting into the sea or other expanse of water.</def> "Sow the <i>headland</i> with wheat." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A ridge or strip of unplowed at the ends of furrows, or near a fence.</def> <i>Tusser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Head"less</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [AS. <i>he&aacute;fodle&aacute;s</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Having no head; beheaded; as, a <i>headless</i> body, neck, or carcass.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Destitute of a chief or leader.</def> <i>Sir W. Raleigh.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Destitute of understanding or prudence; foolish; rash; obstinate.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Witless headiness in judging or <i>headless</i> hardiness in condemning.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Head"light`</hw> (h&ebreve;d"l&imacr;t`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Engin.)</i> <def>A light, with a powerful reflector, placed at the head of a locomotive, or in front of it, to throw light on the track at night, or in going through a dark tunnel.</def></p>

<p><hw>Head"line`</hw> (-l&imacr;n`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Print.)</i> <def>The line at the head or top of a page.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>See <u>Headrope</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Head"long`</hw> (-l&obreve;ng`; 115), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> [OE. <i>hedling</i>, <i>hevedlynge</i>; prob. confused with E. <i>long</i>, <pos><i>a. & adv.</i></pos>]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>With the head foremost; as, to fall <i>headlong</i>.</def> <i>Acts i. 18.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Rashly; precipitately; without deliberation.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Hastily; without delay or respite.</def></p>

<p><hw>Head"long</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Rash; precipitate; as, <i>headlong</i> folly.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Steep; precipitous.</def> [Poetic]</p>

<p><blockquote>Like a tower upon a <i>headlong</i> rock.</blockquote> <i>Byron.</i></p>

<p><hw>Head"-lugged`</hw> (-l&ubreve;gd`), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Lugged or dragged by the head.</def> [R.] "The <i>head- lugged</i> bear." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Head"man`</hw> (h&ebreve;d"m&abreve;n`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Headmen</b></plw> (-m&ebreve;n`). [AS. <i>he&aacute;fodman</i>.] <def>A head or leading man, especially of a village community.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Head"mold` shot"</hw> <hw>Head"mould` shot"</hw> } (- m&omacr;ld` sh&obreve;t`). <i>(Med.)</i> <def>An old name for the condition of the skull, in which the bones ride, or are <i>shot</i>, over each other at the sutures.</def> <i>Dunglison.</i></p>

<p><hw>Head"most`</hw> (-m&omacr;st`), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Most advanced; most forward; as, the <i>headmost</i> ship in a fleet.</def></p>

<p><hw>Head"note`</hw> (-n&omacr;t`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A note at the head of a page or chapter; in law reports, an abstract of a case, showing the principles involved and the opinion of the court.</def></p>

<p><hw>Head"pan`</hw> (-p&abreve;n`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>he&aacute;fodpanne</i>.] <def>The brainpan.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Head"piece`</hw> (-p&emacr;s`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Head.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>In his <i>headpiece</i> he felt a sore pain.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A cap of defense; especially, an open one, as distinguished from the closed helmet of the Middle Ages.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Understanding; mental faculty.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Eumenes had the best <i>headpiece</i> of all Alexander's captains.</blockquote> <i>Prideaux.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>An engraved ornament at the head of a chapter, or of a page.</def></p>

<p><hw>Head"quar`ters</hw> (-kw&add;r`t&etilde;rz), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [but sometimes used as a <pos><i>n. sing.</i></pos>] <def>The quarters or place of residence of any chief officer, as the general in command of an army, or the head of a police force; the place from which orders or instructions are issued; hence, the center of authority or order.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The brain, which is the <i>headquarters</i>, or office, of intelligence.</blockquote> <i>Collier.</i></p>

<p><hw>Head"race`</hw> (-r&amacr;s`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Race</u>, a water course.</def></p>

<p><hw>Head"room`</hw> (-r&oomac;m`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>See <u>Headway</u>, 2.</def></p>

<p><hw>Head"rope`</hw> (-r&omacr;p`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>That part of a boltrope which is sewed to the upper edge or head of a sail.</def></p>

<p><hw>Head"sail`</hw> (-s&amacr;l`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>Any sail set forward of the foremast.</def> <i>Totten.</i></p>

<p><hw>Head`shake`</hw> (-sh&amacr;k`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A significant shake of the head, commonly as a signal of denial.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Head"ship</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Authority or dignity; chief place.</def></p>

<p><hw>Heads"man</hw> (h&ebreve;dz"m<i>a</i>n), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Headsmen</b></plw> (-m<i>e</i>n). <def>An executioner who cuts off heads.</def> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Head"spring`</hw> (h&ebreve;d"spr&ibreve;ng`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Fountain; source.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>headspring</i> of our belief.</blockquote> <i>Stapleton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Head"stall`</hw> (-st&add;l`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>That part of a bridle or halter which encompasses the head.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Head"stock`</hw> (-st&obreve;k`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Mach.)</i> <def>A part (usually separate from the bed or frame) for supporting some of the principal working parts of a machine</def>; as: <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The part of a lathe that holds the revolving spindle and its attachments; — also called <i>poppet head</i>, the opposite corresponding part being called a <i>tailstock</i>.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The part of a planing machine that supports the cutter, etc.</def></p>

<p><hw>Head"stone`</hw> (-st&omacr;n`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The principal stone in a foundation; the chief or corner stone.</def> <i>Ps. cxviii. 22.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The stone at the head of a grave.</def></p>

<p><hw>Head"strong`</hw> (-str&obreve;ng`; 115), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Not easily restrained; ungovernable; obstinate; stubborn.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Now let the <i>headstrong</i> boy my will control.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Directed by ungovernable will, or proceeding from obstinacy; as, a <i>headstrong</i> course.</def> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Violent; obstinate; ungovernable; untractable; stubborn; unruly; venturesome; heady.</p>

<p><hw>Head"strong`ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Obstinacy.</def> [R.] <i>Gayton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Head"tire`</hw> (-t&imacr;r`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A headdress.</def> "A <i>headtire</i> of fine linen." <i>1 Esdras iii. 6.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The manner of dressing the head, as at a particular time and place.</def></p>

<p><hw>Head"way`</hw> (-w&amacr;`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The progress made by a ship in motion; hence, progress or success of any kind.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>Clear space under an arch, girder, and the like, sufficient to allow of easy passing underneath.</def></p>

<p><hw>Head"work`</hw> (-w&ucirc;rk`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Mental labor.</def></p>

<p><hw>Head"y</hw>, (h&ebreve;d"&ybreve;), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [From <u>Head</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Willful; rash; precipitate; hurried on by will or passion; ungovernable.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>All the talent required is to be hot, to be <i>heady</i>, — to be violent on one side or the other.</blockquote> <i>Sir W. Temple.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Apt to affect the head; intoxicating; strong.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The liquor is too <i>heady</i>.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Violent; impetuous.</def> "A <i>heady</i> currance." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Heal</hw>, (h&emacr;l), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [See <u>Hele</u>.] <def>To cover, as a roof, with tiles, slate, lead, or the like.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Heal</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Healed</u> (h&emacr;ld); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Healing</u>.] [OE. <i>helen</i>, <i>h&aelig;len</i>, AS. <i>h&aemacr;lan</i>, fr. <i>h&amacr;l</i> hale, sound, whole; akin to OS. <i>h&emacr;lian</i>, D. <i>heelen</i>, G. <i>heilen</i>, Goth. <i>hailjan</i>. See <u>Whole</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To make hale, sound, or whole; to cure of a disease, wound, or other derangement; to restore to soundness or health.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Speak the word only, and my servant shall be <i>healed</i>.</blockquote> <i>Matt. viii. 8.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To remove or subdue; to cause to pass away; to cure; — said of a disease or a wound.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I will <i>heal</i> their backsliding.</blockquote> <i>Hos. xiv. 4.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To restore to original purity or integrity.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Thus saith the Lord, I have <i>healed</i> these waters.</blockquote> <i>2 Kings ii. 21.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To reconcile, as a breach or difference; to make whole; to free from guilt; as, to <i>heal</i> dissensions.</def></p>

<p><hw>Heal</hw> (h&emacr;l), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To grow sound; to return to a sound state; as, the limb <i>heals</i>, or the wound <i>heals</i>; — sometimes with <i>up</i> or <i>over</i>; as, it will <i>heal</i> up, or over.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Those wounds <i>heal</i> ill that men do give themselves.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Heal</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>h&aemacr;lu</i>, <i>h&aemacr;l</i>. See <u>Heal</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>] <def>Health.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Heal"a*ble</hw> (-&adot;*b'l), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Capable of being healed.</def></p>

<p><hw>Heal"all`</hw> (-&add;l`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A common herb of the Mint family (<i>Brunella vulgaris</i>), destitute of active properties, but anciently thought a panacea.</def></p>

<p><hw>Heald</hw> (h&emacr;ld), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [CF. <u>Heddle</u>.] <def>A heddle.</def> <i>Ure.</i></p>

<p><hw>Heal"er</hw> (h&emacr;l"&etilde;r), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who, or that which, heals.</def></p>

<p><hw>Heal"ful</hw> (-f&usdot;l), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Tending or serving to heal; healing.</def> [Obs.] <i>Ecclus. xv. 3.</i></p>

<p><hw>Heal"ing</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Tending to cure; soothing; mollifying; as, the <i>healing</i> art; a <i>healing</i> salve; <i>healing</i> words.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Here <i>healing</i> dews and balms abound.</blockquote> <i>Keble.</i></p>

<p><hw>Heal"ing*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>So as to heal or cure.</def></p>

<p><hw>Health</hw> (h&ebreve;lth), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>helthe</i>, AS. <i>h&aemacr;l&thorn;</i>, fr. <i>h&amacr;l</i> hale, sound, whole. See <u>Whole</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The state of being hale, sound, or whole, in body, mind, or soul; especially, the state of being free from physical disease or pain.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>There is no <i>health</i> in us.</blockquote> <i>Book of Common Prayer.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Though <i>health</i> may be enjoyed without gratitude, it can not be sported with without loss, or regained by courage.</blockquote> <i>Buckminster.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A wish of health and happiness, as in pledging a person in a toast.</def> "Come, love and <i>health</i> to all." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Bill of health</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Bill</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Health lift</b></col>, <cd>a machine for exercise, so arranged that a person lifts an increasing weight, or moves a spring of increasing tension, in such a manner that most of the muscles of the body are brought into gradual action; — also called <i>lifting machine</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Health officer</b></col>, <cd>one charged with the enforcement of the sanitary laws of a port or other place.</cd> — <col><b>To drink a health</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Drink</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Health"ful</hw> (-f&usdot;l), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Full of health; free from illness or disease; well; whole; sound; healthy; as, a <i>healthful</i> body or mind; a <i>healthful</i> plant.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Serving to promote health of body or mind; wholesome; salubrious; salutary; as, a <i>healthful</i> air, diet.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>healthful</i> Spirit of thy grace.</blockquote> <i>Book of Common Prayer.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Indicating, characterized by, or resulting from, health or soundness; as, a <i>healthful</i> condition.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A mind . . . <i>healthful</i> and so well- proportioned.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Well-disposed; favorable.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Gave <i>healthful</i> welcome to their shipwrecked guests.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Health"ful*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In health; wholesomely.</def></p>

<p><hw>Health"ful*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The state of being healthful.</def></p>

<p><hw>Health"i*ly</hw> (-&ibreve;*l&ybreve;), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a healthy manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Health"i*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The state of being healthy or healthful; freedom from disease.</def></p>

<p><hw>Health"less</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Without health, whether of body or mind; infirm.</def> "A <i>healthless</i> or old age." <i>Jer. Taylor.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Not conducive to health; unwholesome.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Health"less*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The state of being healthless.</def></p>

<p><hw>Health"some</hw> (-s&ubreve;m), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Wholesome; salubrious.</def> [R.] "<i>Healthsome</i> air." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Health"ward</hw> (-w&etilde;rd), <pos><i>a. & adv.</i></pos> <def>In the direction of health; as, a <i>healthward</i> tendency.</def></p>

<p><hw>Health"y</hw> (-&ybreve;), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<pos><i>Compar.</i></pos> <u>Healthier</u> (-&ibreve;*&etilde;r); <pos><i>superl.</i></pos> <u>Healthiest</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Being in a state of health; enjoying health; hale; sound; free from disease; as, a <i>healthy</i> child; a <i>healthy</i> plant.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>His mind was now in a firm and <i>healthy</i> state.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Evincing health; as, a <i>healthy</i> pulse; a <i>healthy</i> complexion.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Conducive to health; wholesome; salubrious; salutary; as, a <i>healthy</i> exercise; a <i>healthy</i> climate.</def></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Vigorous; sound; hale; salubrious; healthful; wholesome; salutary.</p>

<p><hw>Heam</hw> (h&emacr;m), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. AS. cild<i>hamma</i> womb, OD. <i>hamme</i> afterbirth, LG. <i>hamen</i>.] <def>The afterbirth or secundines of a beast.</def></p>

<p><hw>Heap</hw> (h&emacr;p), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>heep</i>, <i>heap</i>, heap, multitude, AS. <i>he&aacute;p</i>; akin to OS. <i>h&omacr;p</i>, D. <i>hoop</i>, OHG. <i>houf</i>, <i>h&umacr;fo</i>, G. <i>haufe</i>, <i>haufen</i>, Sw. <i>hop</i>, Dan. <i>hob</i>, Icel. <i>h&omacr;pr</i> troop, flock, Russ. <i>kupa</i> heap, crowd, Lith. <i>kaupas</i>. Cf. <u>Hope</u>, in <i>Forlorn hope</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A crowd; a throng; a multitude or great number of persons.</def> [Now Low or Humorous]</p>

<p><blockquote>The wisdom of a <i>heap</i> of learned men.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>A <i>heap</i> of vassals and slaves.</blockquote> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>He had <i>heaps</i> of friends.</blockquote> <i>W. Black.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A great number or large quantity of things not placed in a pile.</def> [Now Low or Humorous]</p>

<p><blockquote>A vast <i>heap</i>, both of places of scripture and quotations.</blockquote> <i>Bp. Burnet.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>I have noticed a <i>heap</i> of things in my life.</blockquote> <i>R. L. Stevenson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A pile or mass; a collection of things laid in a body, or thrown together so as to form an elevation; as, a <i>heap</i> of earth or stones.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Huge <i>heaps</i> of slain around the body rise.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Heap</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Heaped</u> (h&emacr;pt); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Heaping</u>.] [AS. <i>he&aacute;pian</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To collect in great quantity; to amass; to lay up; to accumulate; — usually with <i>up</i>; as, to <i>heap</i> up treasures.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Though he <i>heap</i> up silver as the dust.</blockquote> <i>Job. xxvii. 16.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To throw or lay in a heap; to make a heap of; to pile; as, to <i>heap</i> stones; — often with <i>up</i>; as, to <i>heap</i> up earth; or with <i>on</i>; as, to <i>heap</i> on wood or coal.</def></p>

<p><! p. 678 pr=JMD !></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To form or round into a heap, as in measuring; to fill (a measure) more than even full.</def></p>

<p><hw>Heap"er</hw> (h&emacr;p"&etilde;r), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who heaps, piles, or amasses.</def></p>

<p><hw>Heap"y</hw> (-&ybreve;), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Lying in heaps.</def> <i>Gay.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hear</hw> (h&emacr;r), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Heard</u> (h&etilde;rd); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Hearing</u>.] [OE. <i>heren</i>, AS,. <i>hi&eacute;ran</i>, <i>h&ymacr;ran</i>, <i>h&emacr;ran</i>; akin to OS. <i>h&omacr;rian</i>, OFries. <i>hera</i>, <i>hora</i>, D. <i>hooren</i>, OHG. <i>h&omacr;ren</i>, G. <i>h&ouml;ren</i>, Icel. <i>heyra</i>, Sw. <i>h&ouml;ra</i>, Dan. <i>hore</i>, Goth. <i>hausjan</i>, and perh. to Gr. <grk>'akoy`ein</grk>, E. <i>acoustic</i>. Cf. <u>Hark</u>, <u>Hearken</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To perceive by the ear; to apprehend or take cognizance of by the ear; as, to <i>hear</i> sounds; to <i>hear</i> a voice; to <i>hear</i> one call.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Lay thine ear close to the ground, and list if thou canst <i>hear</i> the tread of travelers.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>He had been <i>heard</i> to utter an ominous growl.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To give audience or attention to; to listen to; to heed; to accept the doctrines or advice of; to obey; to examine; to try in a judicial court; as, to <i>hear</i> a recitation; to <i>hear</i> a class; the case will be <i>heard</i> to- morrow.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To attend, or be present at, as hearer or worshiper; as, to <i>hear</i> a concert; to <i>hear</i> Mass.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To give attention to as a teacher or judge.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Thy matters are good and right, but there is no man deputed of the king to <i>hear</i> thee.</blockquote> <i>2 Sam. xv. 3.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>I beseech your honor to <i>hear</i> me one single word.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>To accede to the demand or wishes of; to listen to and answer favorably; to favor.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I love the Lord, because he hath <i>heard</i> my voice.</blockquote> <i>Ps. cxvi. 1.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>They think that they shall be <i>heard</i> for their much speaking.</blockquote> <i>Matt. vi. 7.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Hear him</b></col>. <cd>See Remark, under <u>Hear</u>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos></cd> — <col><b>To hear a bird sing</b></col>, <cd>to receive private communication.</cd> [Colloq.] <i>Shak.</i> — <col><b>To hear say</b></col>, <cd>to hear one say; to learn by common report; to receive by rumor.</cd> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><hw>Hear</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To have the sense or faculty of perceiving sound.</def> "The <i>hearing</i> ear." <i>Prov. xx. 12.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To use the power of perceiving sound; to perceive or apprehend by the ear; to attend; to listen.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>So spake our mother Eve, and Adam <i>heard</i>,<BR> Well pleased, but answered not.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To be informed by oral communication; to be told; to receive information by report or by letter.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I have <i>heard</i>, sir, of such a man.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>I must <i>hear</i> from thee every day in the hour.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><col><b>To hear ill</b></col>, <cd>to be blamed.</cd> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Not only within his own camp, but also now at Rome, he <i>heard ill</i> for his temporizing and slow proceedings.</blockquote> <i>Holland.</i></p>

<p>— <col><b>To hear well</b></col>, <cd>to be praised.</cd> [Obs.]</p>

<p>&fist; <i>Hear</i>, or <i>Hear him</i>, is often used in the imperative, especially in the course of a speech in English assemblies, to call attention to the words of the speaker.</p>

<p><blockquote><i>Hear him</i>, . . . a cry indicative, according to the tone, of admiration, acquiescence, indignation, or derision.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><hw>Heard</hw> (h&etilde;rd), <def><pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> of <u>Hear</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hear"er</hw> (h&emacr;r"&etilde;r), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who hears; an auditor.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hear"ing</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act or power of perceiving sound; perception of sound; the faculty or sense by which sound is perceived; as, my <i>hearing</i> is good.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I have heard of thee by the <i>hearing</i> of the ear.</blockquote> <i>Job xlii. 5.</i></p>

<p>&fist; Hearing in a special sensation, produced by stimulation of the auditory nerve; the stimulus (waves of sound) acting not directly on the nerve, but through the medium of the endolymph on the delicate epithelium cells, constituting the peripheral terminations of the nerve. See <u>Ear</u>.</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Attention to what is delivered; opportunity to be heard; audience; as, I could not obtain a <i>hearing</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A listening to facts and evidence, for the sake of adjudication; a session of a court for considering proofs and determining issues.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>His last offenses to us<BR> Shall have judicious <i>hearing</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Another <i>hearing</i> before some other court.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p>&fist; <i>Hearing</i>, as applied to equity cases, means the same thing that the word <i>trial</i> does at law. <i>Abbot.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Extent within which sound may be heard; sound; earshot.</def> "She's not within <i>hearing</i>." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>They laid him by the pleasant shore,<BR> And in the <i>hearing</i> of the wave.</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Heark"en</hw> (h&auml;rk"'n), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Hearkened</u> (-'nd); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Hearkening</u>.] [OE. <i>hercnen</i>, <i>hercnien</i>, AS. <i>hercnian</i>, <i>heorcnian</i>, fr. <i>hi&eacute;ran</i>, <i>h&ymacr;ran</i>, to hear; akin to OD. <i>harcken</i>, <i>horcken</i>, LG. <i>harken</i>, <i>horken</i>, G. <i>horchen</i>. See <u>Hear</u>, and cf. <u>Hark</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To listen; to lend the ear; to attend to what is uttered; to give heed; to hear, in order to obey or comply.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The Furies <i>hearken</i>, and their snakes uncurl.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Hearken</i>, O Israel, unto the statutes and unto the judgments, which I teach you.</blockquote> <i>Deut. iv. 1.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To inquire; to seek information.</def> [Obs.] "<i>Hearken</i> after their offense." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — To attend; listen; hear; heed. See <u>Attend</u>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Heark"en</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To hear by listening.</def> [Archaic]</p>

<p><blockquote>[She] <i>hearkened</i> now and then<BR> Some little whispering and soft groaning sound.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To give heed to; to hear attentively.</def> [Archaic]</p>

<p><blockquote>The King of Naples . . . <i>hearkens</i> my brother's suit.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><col><b>To hearken out</b></col>, <cd>to search out.</cd> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>If you find none, you must <i>hearken out</i> a vein and buy.</blockquote> <i>B. Johnson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Heark"en*er</hw> (-&etilde;r), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who hearkens; a listener.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hear"sal</hw> (h&etilde;r"s<i>a</i>l), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Rehearsal.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hear"say`</hw> (h&emacr;r"s&amacr;`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Report; rumor; fame; common talk; something heard from another.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Much of the obloquy that has so long rested on the memory of our great national poet originated in frivolous <i>hearsays</i> of his life and conversation.</blockquote> <i>Prof. Wilson.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Hearsay evidence</b></col> <i>(Law)</i>, <cd>that species of testimony which consists in a narration by one person of matters told him by another. It is, with a few exceptions, inadmissible as testimony.</cd> <i>Abbott.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hearse</hw> (h&etilde;rs), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Etymol. uncertain.] <def>A hind in the second year of its age.</def> [Eng.] <i>Wright.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hearse</hw> (h&etilde;rs), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Herse</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A framework of wood or metal placed over the coffin or tomb of a deceased person, and covered with a pall; also, a temporary canopy bearing wax lights and set up in a church, under which the coffin was placed during the funeral ceremonies.</def> [Obs.] <i>Oxf. Gloss.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A grave, coffin, tomb, or sepulchral monument.</def> [Archaic] "Underneath this marble <i>hearse</i>." <i>B. Johnson.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Beside the <i>hearse</i> a fruitful palm tree grows.</blockquote> <i>Fairfax</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Who lies beneath this sculptured <i>hearse</i>.</blockquote> <i>Longfellow.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A bier or handbarrow for conveying the dead to the grave.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Set down, set down your honorable load,<BR> It honor may be shrouded in a <i>hearse</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>A carriage specially adapted or used for conveying the dead to the grave.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hearse</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To inclose in a hearse; to entomb.</def> [Obs.] "Would she were <i>hearsed</i> at my foot." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hearse"cloth`</hw> (-kl&obreve;th`; 115), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A cloth for covering a coffin when on a bier; a pall.</def> <i>Bp. Sanderson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hearse"like`</hw> (-l&imacr;k`), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Suitable to a funeral.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>If you listen to David's harp, you shall hear as many <i>hearselike</i> airs as carols.</blockquote> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><hw>Heart</hw> (h&auml;rt), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>harte</i>, <i>herte</i>, <i>heorte</i>, AS. <i>heorte</i>; akin to OS. <i>herta</i>, OFies. <i>hirte</i>, D. <i>hart</i>, OHG. <i>herza</i>, G. <i>herz</i>, Icel. <i>hjarta</i>, Sw. <i>hjerta</i>, Goth. <i>ha&iacute;rt&omacr;</i>, Lith. <i>szirdis</i>, Russ. <i>serdtse</i>, Ir. <i>cridhe</i>, L. <i>cor</i>, Gr. <grk>kardi`a</grk>, <grk>kh^r</grk> &radic;227. Cf. <u>Accord</u>, <u>Discord</u>, <u>Cordial</u>, 4th <u>Core</u>, <u>Courage</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>A hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Why does my blood thus muster to my <i>heart</i>!</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p>&fist; In adult mammals and birds, the heart is four-chambered, the right auricle and ventricle being completely separated from the left auricle and ventricle; and the blood flows from the systemic veins to the right auricle, thence to the right ventricle, from which it is forced to the lungs, then returned to the left auricle, thence passes to the left ventricle, from which it is driven into the systemic arteries. See <i>Illust.</i> under <u>Aorta</u>. In fishes there are but one auricle and one ventricle, the blood being pumped from the ventricle through the gills to the system, and thence returned to the auricle. In most amphibians and reptiles, the separation of the auricles is partial or complete, and in reptiles the ventricles also are separated more or less completely. The so- called <i>lymph hearts</i>, found in many amphibians, reptiles, and birds, are contractile sacs, which pump the lymph into the veins.</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The seat of the affections or sensibilities, collectively or separately, as love, hate, joy, grief, courage, and the like; rarely, the seat of the understanding or will; — usually in a good sense, when no epithet is expressed; the better or lovelier part of our nature; the spring of all our actions and purposes; the seat of moral life and character; the moral affections and character itself; the individual disposition and character; as, a good, tender, loving, bad, hard, or selfish <i>heart</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Hearts</i> are dust, <i>hearts'</i> loves remain.</blockquote> <i>Emerson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>The nearest the middle or center; the part most hidden and within; the inmost or most essential part of any body or system; the source of life and motion in any organization; the chief or vital portion; the center of activity, or of energetic or efficient action; as, the <i>heart</i> of a country, of a tree, etc.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Exploits done in the <i>heart</i> of France.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Peace subsisting at the <i>heart</i><BR> Of endless agitation.</blockquote> <i>Wordsworth.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Courage; courageous purpose; spirit.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Eve, recovering <i>heart</i>, replied.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The expelled nations take <i>heart</i>, and when they fly from one country invade another.</blockquote> <i>Sir W. Temple.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>Vigorous and efficient activity; power of fertile production; condition of the soil, whether good or bad.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>That the spent earth may gather <i>heart</i> again.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>That which resembles a heart in shape; especially, a roundish or oval figure or object having an obtuse point at one end, and at the other a corresponding indentation, — used as a symbol or representative of the heart.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <def>One of a series of playing cards, distinguished by the figure or figures of a heart; as, <i>hearts</i> are trumps.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>8.</b></sn> <def>Vital part; secret meaning; real intention.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>And then show you the <i>heart</i> of my message.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>9.</b></sn> <def>A term of affectionate or kindly and familiar address.</def> "I speak to thee, my <i>heart</i>." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p>&fist; <i>Heart</i> is used in many compounds, the most of which need no special explanation; as, <i>heart</i>-appalling, <i>heart</i>-breaking, <i>heart</i>-cheering, <i>heart</i>-chilled, <i>heart</i>-expanding, <i>heart</i>-free, <i>heart</i>-hardened, <i>heart</i>-heavy, <i>heart</i>-purifying, <i>heart</i>-searching, <i>heart</i>-sickening, <i>heart</i>-sinking, <i>heart</i>-sore, <i>heart</i>-stirring, <i>heart</i>-touching, <i>heart</i>-wearing, <i>heart</i>-whole, <i>heart</i>-wounding, <i>heart</i>-wringing, etc.</p>

<p><col><b>After one's own heart</b></col>, <cd>conforming with one's inmost approval and desire; as, a friend <i>after my own heart</i>.</cd></p>

<p><blockquote>The Lord hath sought him a man <i>after his own heart</i>.</blockquote> <i>1 Sam. xiii. 14.</i></p>

<p>— <col><b>At heart</b></col>, <cd>in the inmost character or disposition; at bottom; really; as, he is <i>at heart</i> a good man.</cd> — <col><b>By heart</b></col>, <cd>in the closest or most thorough manner; as, to know or learn <i>by heart</i>. "Composing songs, for fools to get <i>by heart</i>" (that is, to commit to memory, or to learn thoroughly).</cd> <i>Pope.</i> — <col><b>For my heart</b></col>, <cd>for my life; if my life were at stake.</cd> [Obs.] "I could not get him <i>for my heart</i> to do it." <i>Shak.</i> — <col><b>Heart bond</b></col> <i>(Masonry)</i>, <cd>a bond in which no header stone stretches across the wall, but two headers meet in the middle, and their joint is covered by another stone laid header fashion.</cd> <i>Knight.</i> — <col><b>Heart and hand</b></col>, <cd>with enthusiastic co&ouml;peration.</cd> — <col><b>Heart hardness</b></col>, <cd>hardness of heart; callousness of feeling; moral insensibility.</cd> <i>Shak.</i> — <col><b>Heart heaviness</b></col>, <cd>depression of spirits.</cd> <i>Shak.</i> — <col><b>Heart point</b></col> <i>(Her.)</i>, <cd>the fess point. See <u>Escutcheon</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Heart rising</b></col>, <cd>a rising of the heart, as in opposition.</cd> — <col><b>Heart shell</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>any marine, bivalve shell of the genus <i>Cardium</i> and allied genera, having a heart-shaped shell; esp., the European <i>Isocardia cor</i>; — called also <i>heart cockle</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Heart sickness</b></col>, <cd>extreme depression of spirits.</cd> — <col><b>Heart and soul</b></col>, <cd>with the utmost earnestness.</cd> — <col><b>Heart urchin</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>any heartshaped, spatangoid sea urchin. See <u>Spatangoid</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Heart wheel</b></col>, <cd>a form of cam, shaped like a heart. See <u>Cam</u>.</cd> — <col><b>In good heart</b></col>, <cd>in good courage; in good hope.</cd> — <col><b>Out of heart</b></col>, <cd>discouraged.</cd> — <col><b>Poor heart</b></col>, <cd>an exclamation of pity.</cd> — <col><b>To break the heart of</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>To bring to despair or hopeless grief; to cause to be utterly cast down by sorrow.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>To bring almost to completion; to finish very nearly; — said of anything undertaken; as, he has <i>broken the heart</i> of the task.</cd> — <col><b>To find in the heart</b></col>, <cd>to be willing or disposed.</cd> "I could <i>find in my heart</i> to ask your pardon." <i>Sir P. Sidney.</i> — <col><b>To have at heart</b></col>, <cd>to desire (anything) earnestly.</cd> — <col><b>To have in the heart</b></col>, <cd>to purpose; to design or intend to do.</cd> — <col><b>To have the heart in the mouth</b></col>, <cd>to be much frightened.</cd> — <col><b>To lose heart</b></col>, <cd>to become discouraged.</cd> — <col><b>To lose one's heart</b></col>, <cd>to fall in love.</cd> — <col><b>To set the heart at rest</b></col>, <cd>to put one's self at ease.</cd> — <col><b>To set the heart upon</b></col>, <cd>to fix the desires on; to long for earnestly; to be very fond of.</cd> — <col><b>To take heart of grace</b></col>, <cd>to take courage.</cd> — <col><b>To take to heart</b></col>, <cd>to grieve over.</cd> — <col><b>To wear one's heart upon one's sleeve</b></col>, <cd>to expose one's feelings or intentions; to be frank or impulsive.</cd> - - <col><b>With all one's heart</b></col>, <col><b>With one's whole heart</b></col>, <cd>very earnestly; fully; completely; devotedly.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Heart</hw> (h&auml;rt), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To give heart to; to hearten; to encourage; to inspirit.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>My cause is <i>hearted</i>; thine hath no less reason.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Heart</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To form a compact center or heart; as, a <i>hearting</i> cabbage.</def></p>

<p><hw>Heart"ache`</hw> (-&amacr;k`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. AS. <i>heortece</i>.] <def>Sorrow; anguish of mind; mental pang.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Heart"break`</hw> (-br&amacr;k`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Crushing sorrow or grief; a yielding to such grief.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Heart"break`ing</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Causing overpowering sorrow.</def></p>

<p><hw>Heart"bro`ken</hw> (-br&omacr;`k'n), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Overcome by crushing sorrow; deeply grieved.</def></p>

<p><hw>Heart"burn`</hw> (-b&ucirc;rn`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>An uneasy, burning sensation in the stomach, often attended with an inclination to vomit. It is sometimes idiopathic, but is often a symptom of other complaints.</def></p>

<p><hw>Heart"burned`</hw> (-b&ucirc;rnd`), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having heartburn.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Heart"burn`ing</hw> (-b&ucirc;rn`&ibreve;ng), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Causing discontent.</def></p>

<p><hw>Heart"burn`ing</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Heartburn</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Discontent; secret enmity.</def> <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The transaction did not fail to leave <i>heartburnings</i>.</blockquote> <i>Palfrey.</i></p>

<p><hw>Heart"dear`</hw> (-d&emacr;r`), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Sincerely beloved.</def> [R.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Heart"deep`</hw> (-d&emacr;p`), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Rooted in the heart.</def> <i>Herbert.</i></p>

<p><hw>Heart"-eat`ing</hw> (-&emacr;t`&ibreve;ng), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Preying on the heart.</def></p>

<p><hw>Heart"ed</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Having a heart; having (such) a heart (regarded as the seat of the affections, disposition, or character).</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Shaped like a heart; cordate.</def> [R.] <i>Landor.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Seated or laid up in the heart.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I hate the Moor: my cause is <i>hearted</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p>&fist; This word is chiefly used in composition; as, hard- <i>hearted</i>, faint-<i>hearted</i>, kind-<i>hearted</i>, lion- <i>hearted</i>, stout-<i>hearted</i>, etc. Hence the nouns hard- <i>hearted</i>ness, faint-<i>hearted</i>ness, etc.</p>

<p><hw>Heart"ed*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Earnestness; sincerity; heartiness.</def> [R.] <i>Clarendon.</i></p>

<p>&fist; See also the Note under <u>Hearted</u>. The analysis of the compounds gives <i>hard-hearted</i> + -<i>ness</i>, rather than <i>hard</i> + <i>heartedness</i>, etc.</p>

<p><hw>Heart"en</hw> (h&auml;rt"'n), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [From <u>Heart</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To encourage; to animate; to incite or stimulate the courage of; to embolden.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Hearten</i> those that fight in your defense.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To restore fertility or strength to, as to land.</def></p>

<p><hw>Heart"en*er</hw> (-&etilde;r), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who, or that which, heartens, animates, or stirs up.</def> <i>W. Browne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Heart"felt`</hw> (-f&ebreve;lt`), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Hearty; sincere.</def></p>

<p><hw>Heart"grief`</hw> (-gr&emacr;f`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Heartache; sorrow.</def> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hearth</hw> (h&auml;rth), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>harthe</i>, <i>herth</i>, <i>herthe</i>, AS. <i>heor&eth;</i>; akin to D. <i>haard</i>, <i>heerd</i>, Sw. <i>h&auml;rd</i>, G. <i>herd</i>; cf. Goth. <i>ha&uacute;ri</i> a coal, Icel. <i>hyrr</i> embers, and L. <i>cremare</i> to burn.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The pavement or floor of brick, stone, or metal in a chimney, on which a fire is made; the floor of a fireplace; also, a corresponding part of a stove.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>There was a fire on the <i>hearth</i> burning before him.</blockquote> <i>Jer. xxxvi. 22.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Where fires thou find'st unraked and <i>hearths</i> unswept.<BR> There pinch the maids as blue as bilberry.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The house itself, as the abode of comfort to its inmates and of hospitality to strangers; fireside.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Household talk and phrases of the <i>hearth</i>.</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Metal. & Manuf.)</i> <def>The floor of a furnace, on which the material to be heated lies, or the lowest part of a melting furnace, into which the melted material settles.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Hearth ends</b></col> <i>(Metal.)</i>, <cd>fragments of lead ore ejected from the furnace by the blast.</cd> — <col><b>Hearth money</b></col>, <col><b>Hearth penny</b></col> [AS. <i>heor&eth;pening</i>], a <cd>tax formerly laid in England on hearths, each hearth (in all houses paying the church and poor rates) being taxed at two shillings; — called also <i>chimney money</i>, etc.</cd></p>

<p><blockquote>He had been importuned by the common people to relieve them from the . . . burden of the <i>hearth money</i>.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hearth"stone`</hw> (-st&omacr;n`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Stone forming the hearth; hence, the fireside; home.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Chords of memory, stretching from every battlefield and patriot grave to every living heart and <i>hearthstone</i>.</blockquote> <i>A. Lincoln.</i></p>

<p><hw>Heart"i*ly</hw> (h&auml;rt"&ibreve;*l&ybreve;), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> [From <u>Hearty</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>From the heart; with all the heart; with sincerity.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I <i>heartily</i> forgive them.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>With zeal; actively; vigorously; willingly; cordially; as, he <i>heartily</i> assisted the prince.</def></p>

<p><col><b>To eat heartily</b></col>, <cd>to eat freely and with relish.</cd> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Sincerely; cordially; zealously; vigorously; actively; warmly; eagerly; ardently; earnestly.</p>

<p><! p. 679 pr=JMD !></p>

<p><hw>Heart"i*ness</hw> (h&auml;rt"&ibreve;*n&ebreve;s), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality of being hearty; as, the <i>heartiness</i> of a greeting.</def></p>

<p><hw>Heart"less</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Without a heart.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>You have left me <i>heartless</i>; mine is in your bosom.</blockquote> <i>J. Webster.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Destitute of courage; spiritless; despondent.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Heartless</i> they fought, and quitted soon their ground.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Heartless</i> and melancholy.</blockquote> <i>W. Irwing.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Destitute of feeling or affection; unsympathetic; cruel.</def> "The <i>heartless</i> parasites." <i>Byron.</i></p>

<p>— <wf>Heart"less*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Heart"less*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Heart"let</hw> (-l&ebreve;t), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A little heart.</def></p>

<p><hw>Heart"lings</hw> (-l&ibreve;ngz), <pos><i>interj.</i></pos> <def>An exclamation used in addressing a familiar acquaintance.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Heart"pea`</hw> (-p&emacr;`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Heartseed</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Heart"quake`</hw> (-kw&amacr;k`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Trembling of the heart; trepidation; fear.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>In many an hour of danger and <i>heartquake</i>.</blockquote> <i>Hawthorne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Heart"rend`ing</hw> (-r&ebreve;nd`&ibreve;ng), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Causing intense grief; overpowering with anguish; very distressing.</def></p>

<p><hw>Heart"-rob`bing</hw> (-r&obreve;b`b&ibreve;ng), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Depriving of thought; ecstatic.</def> "<i>Heart-robbing</i> gladness." <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Stealing the heart or affections; winning.</def></p>

<p><hw>Heart's"-ease`</hw> (h&auml;rts"&emacr;z`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Ease of heart; peace or tranquillity of mind or feeling.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A species of violet (<i>Viola tricolor</i>); — called also <i>pansy</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Heart"seed`</hw> (h&auml;rt"s&emacr;d`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A climbing plant of the genus <i>Cardiospermum</i>, having round seeds which are marked with a spot like a heart.</def> <i>Loudon.</i></p>

<p><hw>Heart"shaped`</hw> (-sh&amacr;pt`), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having the shape of a heart; cordate.</def></p>

<p><hw>Heart"sick`</hw> (-s&ibreve;k`), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [AS. <i>heortse&oacute;c</i>.] <def>Sick at heart; extremely depressed in spirits; very despondent.</def></p>

<p><hw>Heart"some</hw> (-s&ubreve;m), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Merry; cheerful; lively.</def> [Scot.]</p>

<p><hw>Heart"-spoon`</hw> (-sp&oomac;n`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A part of the breastbone.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>He feeleth through the <i>herte-spon</i> the pricke.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Heart"strick`en</hw> (-str&ibreve;k`'n), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Shocked; dismayed.</def></p>

<p><hw>Heart"strike`</hw> (-str&imacr;k`), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To affect at heart; to shock.</def> [R.] "They seek to <i>heartstrike</i> us." <i>B. Jonson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Heart"string`</hw> (-str&ibreve;ng`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A nerve or tendon, supposed to brace and sustain the heart.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Sobbing, as if a <i>heartstring</i> broke.</blockquote> <i>Moore.</i></p>

<p><hw>Heart"struck`</hw> (-str&ubreve;k`), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Driven to the heart; infixed in the mind.</def> "His <i>heartstruck</i> injuries." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Shocked with pain, fear, or remorse; dismayed; heartstricken.</def> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Heart"swell`ing</hw> (-sw&ebreve;l`&ibreve;ng), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Rankling in, or swelling, the heart.</def> "<i>Heartswelling</i> hate." <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Heart"-whole`</hw> (-h&omacr;l`), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See <u>Whole</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Having the heart or affections free; not in love.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>With unbroken courage; undismayed.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Of a single and sincere heart.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>If he keeps <i>heart-whole</i> towards his Master.</blockquote> <i>Bunyan.</i></p>

<p><hw>Heart"wood`</hw> (-w&oocr;d`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The hard, central part of the trunk of a tree, consisting of the old and matured wood, and usually differing in color from the outer layers. It is technically known as <i>duramen</i>, and distinguished from the softer <i>sapwood</i> or <i>alburnum</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Heart"-wound`ed</hw> (h&auml;rt"w&oomac;nd`&ebreve;d or - wound`&ebreve;d), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Wounded to the heart with love or grief.</def> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><hw>Heart"y</hw> (h&auml;rt"&ybreve;), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<pos><i>Compar.</i></pos> <u>Heartier</u> (-&ibreve;*&etilde;r); <pos><i>superl.</i></pos> <u>Heartiest</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Pertaining to, or proceeding from, the heart; warm; cordial; bold; zealous; sincere; willing; also, energetic; active; eager; as, a <i>hearty</i> welcome; <i>hearty</i> in supporting the government.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Full of <i>hearty</i> tears<BR> For our good father's loss.</blockquote> <i>Marston.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Exhibiting strength; sound; healthy; firm; not weak; as, a <i>hearty</i> man; <i>hearty</i> timber.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Promoting strength; nourishing; rich; abundant; as, <i>hearty</i> food; a <i>hearty</i> meal.</def></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Sincere; real; unfeigned; undissembled; cordial; earnest; warm; zealous; ardent; eager; active; vigorous. — <u>Hearty</u>, <u>Cordial</u>, <u>Sincere</u>. <i>Hearty</i> implies honesty and simplicity of feelings and manners; <i>cordial</i> refers to the warmth and liveliness with which the feelings are expressed; <i>sincere</i> implies that this expression corresponds to the real sentiments of the heart. A man should be <i>hearty</i> in his attachment to his friends, <i>cordial</i> in his reception of them to his house, and <i>sincere</i> in his offers to assist them.</p>

<p><hw>Heart"y</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Hearties</b></plw> (-&ibreve;z). <def> Comrade; boon companion; good fellow; — a term of familiar address and fellowship among sailors.</def> <i>Dickens.</i></p>

<p><hw>Heart"y*hale`</hw> (-h&amacr;l`), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Good for the heart.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Heat</hw> (h&emacr;t), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>hete</i>, <i>h&aelig;te</i>, AS. <i>h&aemacr;tu</i>, <i>h&aemacr;to</i>, fr. <i>h&amacr;t</i> hot; akin to OHG. <i>heizi</i> heat, Dan. <i>hede</i>, Sw. <i>hetta</i>. See <u>Hot</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A force in nature which is recognized in various effects, but especially in the phenomena of fusion and evaporation, and which, as manifested in fire, the sun's rays, mechanical action, chemical combination, etc., becomes directly known to us through the sense of feeling. In its nature heat is a mode of motion, being in general a form of molecular disturbance or vibration. It was formerly supposed to be a subtile, imponderable fluid, to which was given the name <i>caloric</i>.</def></p>

<p>&fist; As affecting the human body, heat produces different sensations, which are called by different names, as heat or sensible heat, warmth, cold, etc., according to its degree or amount relatively to the normal temperature of the body.</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The sensation caused by the force or influence of heat when excessive, or above that which is normal to the human body; the bodily feeling experienced on exposure to fire, the sun's rays, etc.; the reverse of <i>cold</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>High temperature, as distinguished from low temperature, or cold; as, the <i>heat</i> of summer and the cold of winter; <i>heat</i> of the skin or body in fever, etc.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Else how had the world . . . <BR> Avoided pinching cold and scorching <i>heat</i>!</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Indication of high temperature; appearance, condition, or color of a body, as indicating its temperature; redness; high color; flush; degree of temperature to which something is heated, as indicated by appearance, condition, or otherwise.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>It has raised . . . <i>heats</i> in their faces.</blockquote> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>heats</i> smiths take of their iron are a blood-red <i>heat</i>, a white-flame <i>heat</i>, and a sparkling or welding <i>heat</i>.</blockquote> <i>Moxon.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>A single complete operation of heating, as at a forge or in a furnace; as, to make a horseshoe in a certain number of <i>heats</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>A violent action unintermitted; a single effort; a single course in a race that consists of two or more courses; as, he won two <i>heats</i> out of three.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Many causes . . . for refreshment betwixt the <i>heats</i>.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>[He] struck off at one <i>heat</i> the matchless tale of "Tam o' Shanter."</blockquote> <i>J. C. Shairp.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <def>Utmost violence; rage; vehemence; as, the <i>heat</i> of battle or party.</def> "The <i>heat</i> of their division." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>8.</b></sn> <def>Agitation of mind; inflammation or excitement; exasperation.</def> "The <i>heat</i> and hurry of his rage." <i>South.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>9.</b></sn> <def>Animation, as in discourse; ardor; fervency.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>With all the strength and <i>heat</i> of eloquence.</blockquote> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>10.</b></sn> <def>Sexual excitement in animals.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>11.</b></sn> <def>Fermentation.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Animal heat</b></col>, <col><b>Blood heat</b></col>, <col><b>Capacity for heat</b></col>, <cd>etc. See under <u>Animal</u>, <u>Blood</u>, etc.</cd> — <col><b>Atomic heat</b></col> <i>(Chem.)</i>, <cd>the product obtained by multiplying the atomic weight of any element by its specific heat. The atomic heat of all solid elements is nearly a constant, the mean value being 6.4.</cd> — <col><b>Dynamical theory of heat</b></col>, <cd>that theory of heat which assumes it to be, not a peculiar kind of matter, but a peculiar motion of the ultimate particles of matter.</cd> <col><b>Heat engine</b></col>, <cd>any apparatus by which a heated substance, as a heated fluid, is made to perform work by giving motion to mechanism, as a hot-air engine, or a steam engine.</cd> — <col><b>Heat producers</b></col>. <i>(Physiol.)</i> <cd>See under <u>Food</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Heat rays</b></col>, <cd>a term formerly applied to the rays near the red end of the spectrum, whether within or beyond the visible spectrum.</cd> — <col><b>Heat weight</b></col> <i>(Mech.)</i>, <cd>the product of any quantity of heat by the mechanical equivalent of heat divided by the absolute temperature; — called also <i>thermodynamic function</i>, and <i>entropy</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Mechanical equivalent of heat</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Equivalent</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Specific heat of a substance (at any temperature)</b></col>, <cd>the number of units of heat required to raise the temperature of a unit mass of the substance at that temperature one degree.</cd> — <col><b>Unit of heat</b></col>, <cd>the quantity of heat required to raise, by one degree, the temperature of a unit mass of water, initially at a certain standard temperature. The temperature usually employed is that of 0&deg; Centigrade, or 32&deg; Fahrenheit.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Heat</hw> (h&emacr;t), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Heated</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Heating</u>.] [OE. <i>heten</i>, AS. <i>h&aemacr;tan</i>, fr. <i>h&amacr;t</i> hot. See <u>Hot</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To make hot; to communicate heat to, or cause to grow warm; as, to <i>heat</i> an oven or furnace, an iron, or the like.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Heat</i> me these irons hot.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To excite or make hot by action or emotion; to make feverish.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Pray, walk softly; do not <i>heat</i> your blood.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To excite ardor in; to rouse to action; to excite to excess; to inflame, as the passions.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A noble emulation <i>heats</i> your breast.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Heat</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To grow warm or hot by the action of fire or friction, etc., or the communication of heat; as, the iron or the water <i>heats</i> slowly.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To grow warm or hot by fermentation, or the development of heat by chemical action; as, green hay <i>heats</i> in a mow, and manure in the dunghill.</def></p>

<p><hw>Heat</hw> (h&ebreve;t), <pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> of <u>Heat</u>. <def>Heated; as, the iron though <i>heat</i> red- hot.</def> [Obs. or Archaic] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Heat"er</hw> (h&emacr;t"&etilde;r), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who, or that which, heats.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Any contrivance or implement, as a furnace, stove, or other heated body or vessel, etc., used to impart heat to something, or to contain something to be heated.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Feed heater</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Feed</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Heath</hw> (h&emacr;th), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>heth</i> waste land, the plant heath, AS. <i>h&aemacr;&eth;</i>; akin to D. & G. <i>heide</i>, Icel. <i>hei&eth;r</i> waste land, Dan. <i>hede</i>, Sw. <i>hed</i>, Goth. <i>hai&thorn;i</i> field, L. <i>bucetum</i> a cow pasture; cf. W. <i>coed</i> a wood, Skr. <i>ksh&emacr;tra</i> field. &radic;20.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A low shrub (<i>Erica, or Calluna, vulgaris</i>), with minute evergreen leaves, and handsome clusters of pink flowers. It is used in Great Britain for brooms, thatch, beds for the poor, and for heating ovens. It is also called <i>heather</i>, and <i>ling</i>.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>Also, any species of the genus <i>Erica</i>, of which several are European, and many more are South African, some of great beauty. See <i>Illust.</i> of <u>Heather</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A place overgrown with heath; any cheerless tract of country overgrown with shrubs or coarse herbage.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Their stately growth, though bare,<BR> Stands on the blasted <i>heath</i>.</blockquote> <i>Milton</i></p>

<p><col><b>Heath cock</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the blackcock. See <i>Heath grouse</i> (below).</cd> — <col><b>Heath grass</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>a kind of perennial grass, of the genus <i>Triodia</i> (<i>T. decumbens</i>), growing on dry heaths.</cd> — <col><b>Heath grouse</b></col>, <i>or</i> <col><b>Heath game</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a European grouse (<i>Tetrao tetrix</i>), which inhabits heaths; — called also <i>black game</i>, <i>black grouse</i>, <i>heath poult</i>, <i>heath fowl</i>, <i>moor fowl</i>. The male is called <i>heath cock</i>, and <i>blackcock</i>; the female, <i>heath hen</i>, and <i>gray hen</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Heath hen</b></col>. <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <cd>See <i>Heath grouse</i> (above).</cd> — <col><b>Heath pea</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>a species of bitter vetch (<i>Lathyrus macrorhizus</i>), the tubers of which are eaten, and in Scotland are used to flavor whisky.</cd> — <col><b>Heath throstle</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a European thrush which frequents heaths; the ring ouzel.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Heath"clad`</hw> (-kl&abreve;d`), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Clad or crowned with heath.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hea"then</hw> (h&emacr;"&thlig;'n; 277), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Heathens</b></plw> (-&thlig;'nz) or <i>collectively</i> <plw><b>Heathen</b></plw>. [OE. <i>hethen</i>, AS. <i>h&aemacr;&eth;en</i>, prop. an adj. fr. <i>h&aemacr;&eth;</i> heath, and orig., therefore, one who lives in the country or on the heaths and in the woods (cf. <i>pagan</i>, fr. <i>pagus</i> village); akin to OS. <i>h&emacr;&eth;in</i>, adj., D. <i>heiden</i> a heathen, G. <i>heide</i>, OHG. <i>heidan</i>, Icel. <i>hei&eth;inn</i>, adj., Sw. <i>heden</i>, Goth. <i>hai&thorn;n&omacr;</i>, <pos><i>n. fem.</i></pos> See <u>Heath</u>, and cf. <u>Hoiden</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>An individual of the pagan or unbelieving nations, or those which worship idols and do not acknowledge the true God; a pagan; an idolater.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>An irreligious person.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>If it is no more than a moral discourse, he may preach it and they may hear it, and yet both continue unconverted <i>heathens</i>.</blockquote> <i>V. Knox.</i></p>

<p><col><b>The heathen</b></col>, <cd>as the term is used in the Scriptures, all people except the Jews; now used of all people except Christians, Jews, and Mohammedans.</cd></p>

<p><blockquote>Ask of me, and I shall give thee the <i>heathen</i> for thine inheritance.</blockquote> <i>Ps. ii. 8.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Pagan; gentile. See <u>Pagan</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Hea"then</hw> (h&emacr;"&thlig;'n), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Gentile; pagan; as, a <i>heathen</i> author.</def> "The <i>heathen</i> philosopher." "All in gold, like <i>heathen</i> gods." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Barbarous; unenlightened; heathenish.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Irreligious; scoffing.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hea"then*dom</hw> (-d&ubreve;m), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>h&aemacr;&eth;end&omacr;m</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>That part of the world where heathenism prevails; the heathen nations, considered collectively.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Heathenism.</def> <i>C. Kingsley.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hea"then*esse</hw> (-&ebreve;s), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>h&aemacr;&eth;ennes</i>, i. e., heathenness.] <def>Heathendom.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer. Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hea"then*ish</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [AS. <i>h&aemacr;&eth;enisc</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Of or pertaining to the heathen; resembling or characteristic of heathens.</def> "Worse than <i>heathenish</i> crimes." <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Rude; uncivilized; savage; cruel.</def> <i>South.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Irreligious; as, a <i>heathenish</i> way of living.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hea"then*ish*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a heathenish manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hea"then*ish*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The state or quality of being heathenish.</def> "The . . . <i>heathenishness</i> and profaneness of most playbooks." <i>Prynne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hea"then*ism</hw> (-&ibreve;z'm), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The religious system or rites of a heathen nation; idolatry; paganism.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The manners or morals usually prevalent in a heathen country; ignorance; rudeness; barbarism.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hea"then*ize</hw> (-&imacr;z), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Heathenized</u> (-&imacr;zd); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Heathenizing</u> (- &imacr;`z&ibreve;ng).] <def>To render heathen or heathenish.</def> <i>Firmin.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hea"then*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. <u>Heathenesse</u>.] <def>State of being heathen or like the heathen.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hea"then*ry</hw> (-r&ybreve;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The state, quality, or character of the heathen.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Your <i>heathenry</i> and your laziness.</blockquote> <i>C. Kingsley.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Heathendom; heathen nations.</def></p>

<p><hw>Heath"er</hw> (h&ebreve;&thlig;"&etilde;r; 277. This is the only pronunciation in Scotland), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Heath</u>.] <def>Heath.</def> [Scot.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Gorse and grass<BR> And <i>heather</i>, where his footsteps pass,<BR> The brighter seem.</blockquote> <i>Longfellow.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Heather bell</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>one of the pretty subglobose flowers of two European kinds of heather (<i>Erica Tetralix</i>, and <i>E. cinerea</i>).</cd></p>

<p><hw>Heath"er*y</hw> (-&ybreve;), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Heathy; abounding in heather; of the nature of heath.</def></p>

<p><hw>Heath"y</hw> (h&emacr;th"&ybreve;), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Full of heath; abounding with heath; as, <i>heathy</i> land; <i>heathy</i> hills.</def> <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><hw>Heat"ing</hw> (h&emacr;t"&ibreve;ng), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>That heats or imparts heat; promoting warmth or heat; exciting action; stimulating; as, <i>heating</i> medicines or applications.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Heating surface</b></col> <i>(Steam Boilers)</i>, <cd>the aggregate surface exposed to fire or to the heated products of combustion, esp. of all the plates or sheets that are exposed to water on their opposite surfaces; — called also <i>fire surface</i>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Heat"ing*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a heating manner; so as to make or become hot or heated.</def></p>

<p><hw>Heat"less</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Destitute of heat; cold.</def> <i>Beau. & Fl.</i></p>

<p><hw>Heave</hw> (h&emacr;v), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp.</i></pos> <u>Heaved</u> (h&emacr;vd), or <u>Hove</u> (h&omacr;v); <pos><i>p. p.</i></pos> <u>Heaved</u>, <u>Hove</u>, formerly <u>Hoven</u> (h&omacr;"v'n); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Heaving</u>.] [OE. <i>heven</i>, <i>hebben</i>, AS. <i>hebban</i>; akin to OS. <i>hebbian</i>, D. <i>heffen</i>, OHG. <i>heffan</i>, <i>hevan</i>, G. <i>heben</i>, Icel. <i>hefja</i>, Sw. <i>h&auml;fva</i>, Dan. <i>h&aelig;ve</i>, Goth. <i>hafjan</i>, L. <i>capere</i> to take, seize; cf. Gr. <grk>kw`ph</grk> handle. Cf. <u>Accept</u>, <u>Behoof</u>, <u>Capacious</u>, <u>Forceps</u>, <u>Haft</u>, <u>Receipt</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To cause to move upward or onward by a lifting effort; to lift; to raise; to hoist; — often with <i>up</i>; as, the wave <i>heaved</i> the boat on land.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>One <i>heaved</i> ahigh, to be hurled down below.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p>&fist; <i>Heave</i>, as now used, implies that the thing raised is heavy or hard to move; but formerly it was used in a less restricted sense.</p>

<p><blockquote>Here a little child I stand,<BR> <i>Heaving</i> up my either hand.</blockquote> <i>Herrick.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To throw; to cast; — obsolete, provincial, or colloquial, except in certain nautical phrases; as, to <i>heave</i> the lead; to <i>heave</i> the log.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To force from, or into, any position; to cause to move; also, to throw off; — mostly used in certain nautical phrases; as, to <i>heave</i> the ship ahead.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To raise or force from the breast; to utter with effort; as, to <i>heave</i> a sigh.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The wretched animal <i>heaved</i> forth such groans.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>To cause to swell or rise, as the breast or bosom.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The glittering, finny swarms<BR> That <i>heave</i> our friths, and crowd upon our shores.</blockquote> <i>Thomson.</i></p>

<p><col><b>To heave a cable short</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>to haul in cable till the ship is almost perpendicularly above the anchor.</cd> — <col><b>To heave a ship ahead</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>to warp her ahead when not under sail, as by means of cables.</cd> — <col><b>To heave a ship down</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>to throw or lay her down on one side; to careen her.</cd> — <col><b>To heave a ship to</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>to bring the ship's head to the wind, and stop her motion.</cd> - - <col><b>To heave about</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>to put about suddenly.</cd> — <col><b>To heave in</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>to shorten (cable).</cd> — <col><b>To heave in stays</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>to put a vessel on the other tack.</cd> — <col><b>To heave out a sail</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>to unfurl it.</cd> — <col><b>To heave taut</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>to turn a capstan, etc., till the rope becomes strained. See <u>Taut</u>, and <u>Tight</u>.</cd> — <col><b>To heave the lead</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>to take soundings with lead and line.</cd> — <col><b>To heave the log</b></col>. <i>(Naut.)</i> <cd>See <u>Log</u>.</cd> — <col><b>To heave up anchor</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>to raise it from the bottom of the sea or elsewhere.</cd></p>

<p><! p. 680 !></p>

<p><hw>Heave</hw> (h&emacr;v), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To be thrown up or raised; to rise upward, as a tower or mound.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>And the huge columns <i>heave</i> into the sky.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Where <i>heaves</i> the turf in many a moldering heap.</blockquote> <i>Gray.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>heaving</i> sods of Bunker Hill.</blockquote> <i>E. Everett.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To rise and fall with alternate motions, as the lungs in heavy breathing, as waves in a heavy sea, as ships on the billows, as the earth when broken up by frost, etc.; to swell; to dilate; to expand; to distend; hence, to labor; to struggle.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Frequent for breath his panting bosom <i>heaves</i>.</blockquote> <i>Prior.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>heaving</i> plain of ocean.</blockquote> <i>Byron.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To make an effort to raise, throw, or move anything; to strain to do something difficult.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The Church of England had struggled and <i>heaved</i> at a reformation ever since Wyclif's days.</blockquote> <i>Atterbury.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To make an effort to vomit; to retch; to vomit.</def></p>

<p><col><b>To heave at</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>To make an effort at.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>To attack, to oppose.</cd> [Obs.] <i>Fuller.</i> — <col><b>To heave in sight</b></col> <cd>(as a ship at sea), to come in sight; to appear.</cd> — <col><b>To heave up</b></col>, <cd>to vomit.</cd> [Low]</p>

<p><hw>Heave</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>An effort to raise something, as a weight, or one's self, or to move something heavy.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>After many strains and <i>heaves</i><BR> He got up to his saddle eaves.</blockquote> <i>Hudibras.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>An upward motion; a rising; a swell or distention, as of the breast in difficult breathing, of the waves, of the earth in an earthquake, and the like.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>There's matter in these sighs, these profound <i>heaves</i>,<BR> You must translate.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>None could guess whether the next <i>heave</i> of the earthquake would settle . . . or swallow them.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Geol.)</i> <def>A horizontal dislocation in a metallic lode, taking place at an intersection with another lode.</def></p>

<p><hw>Heav"en</hw> (h&ebreve;v"'n), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>heven</i>, <i>hefen</i>, <i>heofen</i>, AS. <i>heofon</i>; akin to OS. <i>hevan</i>, LG. <i>heben</i>, <i>heven</i>, Icel. <i>hifinn</i>; of uncertain origin, cf. D. <i>hemel</i>, G. <i>himmel</i>, Icel. <i>himmin</i>, Goth. <i>himins</i>; perh. akin to, or influenced by, the root of E. <i>heave</i>, or from a root signifying <i>to cover</i>, cf. Goth. <i>gaham&omacr;n</i> to put on, clothe one's self, G. <i>hemd</i> shirt, and perh. E. <i>chemise</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The expanse of space surrounding the earth; esp., that which seems to be over the earth like a great arch or dome; the firmament; the sky; the place where the sun, moon, and stars appear; — often used in the plural in this sense.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I never saw the <i>heavens</i> so dim by day.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>When my eyes shall be turned to behold for the last time the sun in <i>heaven</i>.</blockquote> <i>D. Webster.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The dwelling place of the Deity; the abode of bliss; the place or state of the blessed after death.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Unto the God of love, high <i>heaven's</i> King.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>It is a knell<BR> That summons thee to <i>heaven</i> or to hell.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>New thoughts of God, new hopes of <i>Heaven</i>.</blockquote> <i>Keble.</i></p>

<p>&fist; In this general sense <i>heaven</i> and its corresponding words in other languages have as various definite interpretations as there are phases of religious belief.</p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>The sovereign of heaven; God; also, the assembly of the blessed, collectively; — used variously in this sense, as in No. 2.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Her prayers, whom <i>Heaven</i> delights to hear.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The will<BR> And high permission of all-ruling <i>Heaven</i>.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Any place of supreme happiness or great comfort; perfect felicity; bliss; a sublime or exalted condition; as, a <i>heaven</i> of delight.</def> "A <i>heaven</i> of beauty." <i>Shak.</i> "The brightest <i>heaven</i> of invention." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>O bed! bed! delicious bed!<BR> That <i>heaven</i> upon earth to the weary head!</blockquote> <i>Hood.</i></p>

<p>&fist; <i>Heaven</i> is very often used, esp. with participles, in forming compound words, most of which need no special explanation; as, <i>heaven</i>-appeasing, <i>heaven</i>-aspiring, <i>heaven</i>- begot, <i>heaven</i>-born, <i>heaven</i>-bred, <i>heaven</i>- conducted, <i>heaven</i>-descended, <i>heaven</i>-directed, <i>heaven</i>-exalted, <i>heaven</i>-given, <i>heaven</i>-guided, <i>heaven</i>-inflicted, <i>heaven</i>-inspired, <i>heaven</i>- instructed, <i>heaven</i>-kissing, <i>heaven</i>-loved, <i>heaven</i>-moving, <i>heaven</i>-protected, <i>heaven</i>-taught, <i>heaven</i>-warring, and the like.</p>

<p><hw>Heav"en</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Heavened</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Heavening</u>.] <def>To place in happiness or bliss, as if in heaven; to beatify.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>We are happy as the bird whose nest<BR> Is <i>heavened</i> in the hush of purple hills.</blockquote> <i>G. Massey.</i></p>

<p><hw>Heav"en*ize</hw> (h&ebreve;v"'n*&imacr;z), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To render like heaven or fit for heaven.</def> [R.] <i>Bp. Hall.</i></p>

<p><hw>Heav"en*li*ness</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From <u>Heavenly</u>.] <def>The state or quality of being heavenly.</def> <i>Sir J. Davies.</i></p>

<p><hw>Heav"en*ly</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [AS. <i>heofonic</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Pertaining to, resembling, or inhabiting heaven; celestial; not earthly; as, <i>heavenly</i> regions; <i>heavenly</i> music.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>As is the <i>heavenly</i>, such are they also that are <i>heavenly</i>.</blockquote> <i>1 Cor. xv. 48.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Appropriate to heaven in character or happiness; perfect; pure; supremely blessed; as, a <i>heavenly</i> race; the <i>heavenly</i>, throng.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The love of heaven makes one <i>heavenly</i>.</blockquote> <i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></p>

<p><hw>Heav"en*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>In a manner resembling that of heaven.</def> "She was <i>heavenly</i> true." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>By the influence or agency of heaven.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Out <i>heavenly</i> guided soul shall climb.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Heav"en*ly-mind`ed</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having the thoughts and affections placed on, or suitable for, heaven and heavenly objects; devout; godly; pious.</def> <i>Milner.</i> — <wf>Heav"en*ly-mind`ed*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Heav"en*ward</hw> (?), <pos><i>a & adv.</i></pos> <def>Toward heaven.</def></p>

<p><hw>Heave" of`fer*ing</hw> (?). <i>(Jewish Antiq.)</i> <def>An offering or oblation heaved up or elevated before the altar, as the shoulder of the peace offering. See <u>Wave offering</u>.</def> <i>Ex. xxix. 27.</i></p>

<p><hw>Heav"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who, or that which, heaves or lifts; a laborer employed on docks in handling freight; as, a coal <i>heaver</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>A bar used as a lever.</def> <i>Totten.</i></p>

<p><hw>Heaves</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A disease of horses, characterized by difficult breathing, with heaving of the flank, wheezing, flatulency, and a peculiar cough; broken wind.</def></p>

<p><hw>Heav"i*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> [From 2d <u>Heavy</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>In a heavy manner; with great weight; as, to bear <i>heavily</i> on a thing; to be <i>heavily</i> loaded.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Heavily</i> interested in those schemes of emigration.</blockquote> <i>The Century.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>As if burdened with a great weight; slowly and laboriously; with difficulty; hence, in a slow, difficult, or suffering manner; sorrowfully.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>And took off their chariot wheels, that they drave them <i>heavily</i>.</blockquote> <i>Ex. xiv. 25.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Why looks your grace so <i>heavily</i> to- day?</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>heavily-traveled</hw>, <hw>heavily traveled</hw> <pos><i>adj.</i></pos> <def>subject to much traffic or travel; as, the region's most <i>heavily traveled</i> highways.</def> <i></i><BR> <b>Syn. —</b> heavily traveled.<BR> [WordNet 1.5]</p>

<p><hw>Heav"i*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The state or quality of being heavy in its various senses; weight; sadness; sluggishness; oppression; thickness.</def></p>

<p><hw>Heav"ing</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A lifting or rising; a swell; a panting or deep sighing.</def> <i>Addison.</i> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Heav"i*some</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Heavy; dull.</def> [Prov.]</p>

<p><hw>Heav"y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having the heaves.</def></p>

<p><hw>Heav"y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<pos><i>Compar.</i></pos> <u>Heavier</u> (?); <pos><i>superl.</i></pos> <u>Heaviest</u>.] [OE. <i>hevi</i>, AS. <i>hefig</i>, fr. <i>hebban</i> to lift, heave; akin to OHG. <i>hebig</i>, <i>hevig</i>, Icel. <i>h&ouml;figr</i>, <i>h&ouml;fugr</i>. See <u>Heave</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Heaved or lifted with labor; not light; weighty; ponderous; as, a <i>heavy</i> stone; hence, sometimes, large in extent, quantity, or effects; as, a <i>heavy</i> fall of rain or snow; a <i>heavy</i> failure; <i>heavy</i> business transactions, etc.; often implying strength; as, a <i>heavy</i> barrier; also, difficult to move; as, a <i>heavy</i> draught.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Not easy to bear; burdensome; oppressive; hard to endure or accomplish; hence, grievous, afflictive; as, <i>heavy</i> yokes, expenses, undertakings, trials, news, etc.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The hand of the Lord was <i>heavy</i> upon them of Ashdod.</blockquote> <i>1 Sam. v. 6.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The king himself hath a <i>heavy</i> reckoning to make.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Sent hither to impart the <i>heavy</i> news.</blockquote> <i>Wordsworth.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Trust him not in matter of <i>heavy</i> consequence.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Laden with that which is weighty; encumbered; burdened; bowed down, either with an actual burden, or with care, grief, pain, disappointment.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>heavy</i> [sorrowing] nobles all in council were.</blockquote> <i>Chapman.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>A light wife doth make a <i>heavy</i> husband.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Slow; sluggish; inactive; or lifeless, dull, inanimate, stupid; as, a <i>heavy</i> gait, looks, manners, style, and the like; a <i>heavy</i> writer or book.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Whilst the <i>heavy</i> plowman snores.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Of a <i>heavy</i>, dull, degenerate mind.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Neither [is] his ear <i>heavy</i>, that it can not hear.</blockquote> <i>Is. lix. 1.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>Strong; violent; forcible; as, a <i>heavy</i> sea, storm, cannonade, and the like.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>Loud; deep; — said of sound; as, <i>heavy</i> thunder.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>But, hark! that <i>heavy</i> sound breaks in once more.</blockquote> <i>Byron.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <def>Dark with clouds, or ready to rain; gloomy; — said of the sky.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>8.</b></sn> <def>Impeding motion; cloggy; clayey; — said of earth; as, a <i>heavy</i> road, soil, and the like.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>9.</b></sn> <def>Not raised or made light; as, <i>heavy</i> bread.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>10.</b></sn> <def>Not agreeable to, or suitable for, the stomach; not easily digested; — said of food.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>11.</b></sn> <def>Having much body or strength; — said of wines, or other liquors.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>12.</b></sn> <def>With child; pregnant.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><col><b>Heavy artillery</b></col>. <i>(Mil.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>Guns of great weight or large caliber, esp. siege, garrison, and seacoast guns.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>Troops which serve heavy guns.</cd> — <col><b>Heavy cavalry</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Cavalry</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Heavy fire</b></col> <i>(Mil.)</i>, <cd>a continuous or destructive cannonading, or discharge of small arms.</cd> — <col><b>Heavy metal</b></col> <i>(Mil.)</i>, <cd>large guns carrying balls of a large size; also, large balls for such guns.</cd> — <col><b>Heavy metals</b></col>. <i>(Chem.)</i> <cd>See under <u>Metal</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Heavy weight</b></col>, <cd>in wrestling, boxing, etc., a term applied to the heaviest of the classes into which contestants are divided. Cf. <i>Feather weight</i> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd>, under <u>Feather</u>.</cd></p>

<p>&fist; <i>Heavy</i> is used in composition to form many words which need no special explanation; as, <i>heavy</i>-built, <i>heavy</i>-browed, <i>heavy</i>-gaited, etc.</p>

<p><hw>Heav"y</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>Heavily; — sometimes used in composition; as, <i>heavy</i>-laden.</def></p>

<p><hw>Heav"y</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To make heavy.</def> [Obs.] <i>Wyclif.</i></p>

<p><hw>Heav"y-armed`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Mil.)</i> <def>Wearing heavy or complete armor; carrying heavy arms.</def></p>

<p><hw>Heav"y-had"ed</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Clumsy; awkward.</def></p>

<p><hw>Heav"y-head"ed</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Dull; stupid.</def> "Gross <i>heavy-headed</i> fellows." <i>Beau. & Fl.</i></p>

<p><hw>Heav"y spar`</hw> (?). <i>(Min.)</i> <def>Native barium sulphate or barite, — so called because of its high specific gravity as compared with other non-metallic minerals.</def></p>

<p><hw>Heb"do*mad</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>hebdomas</i>, <i>-adis</i>, Gr. <grk>"ebdoma`s</grk> the number seven days, fr. &?; seventh, &?; seven. See <u>Seven</u>.] <def>A week; a period of seven days.</def> [R.] <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Heb*dom"a*dal</hw> (?), <hw>Heb*dom"a*da*ry</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>hebdomadalis</i>, LL. <i>hebdomadarius</i>: cf. F. <i>hebdomadaire</i>.] <def>Consisting of seven days, or occurring at intervals of seven days; weekly.</def></p>

<p><hw>Heb*dom"a*dal*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In periods of seven days; weekly.</def> <i>Lowell.</i></p>

<p><hw>Heb*dom"a*da*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [LL. <i>hebdomadarius</i>: cf. F. <i>hebdomadier</i>.] <i>(R. C. Ch.)</i> <def>A member of a chapter or convent, whose week it is to officiate in the choir, and perform other services, which, on extraordinary occasions, are performed by the superiors.</def></p>

<p><hw>Heb`do*mat"ic*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>hebdomaticus</i>, Gr. &?;.] <def>Weekly; hebdomadal.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>He"be</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., fr. Gr. <grk>"h`bh</grk> youth, <grk>"H`bh</grk> Hebe.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Class. Myth.)</i> <def>The goddess of youth, daughter of Jupiter and Juno. She was believed to have the power of restoring youth and beauty to those who had lost them.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>An African ape; the hamadryas.</def></p>

<p><hw>Heb"en</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Ebony.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Heb"e*non</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Henbane</u>.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Heb"e*tate</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Hebetated</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Hebetating</u>.] [L. <i>hebetatus</i>, p. p. of <i>hebetare</i> to dull. See <u>Hebete</u>.] <def>To render obtuse; to dull; to blunt; to stupefy; as, to <i>hebetate</i> the intellectual faculties.</def> <i>Southey</i></p>

<p><hw>Heb"e*tate</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Obtuse; dull.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Having a dull or blunt and soft point.</def> <i>Gray.</i></p>

<p><hw>Heb`e*ta"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>hebetatio</i>: cf. F. <i>h&eacute;b&eacute;tation</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of making blunt, dull, or stupid.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The state of being blunted or dulled.</def></p>

<p><hw>He*bete"</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>hebes</i>, <i>hebetis</i>, dull, stupid, fr. <i>hebere</i> to be dull.] <def>Dull; stupid.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Heb"e*tude</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>hebetudo</i>.] <def>Dullness; stupidity.</def> <i>Harvey.</i></p>

<p><hw>He"bra"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>Hebraicus</i>, Gr. &?;: cf. F. <i>hebra&iuml;que</i>. See <u>Hebrew</u>.] <def>Of or pertaining to the Hebrews, or to the language of the Hebrews.</def></p>

<p><hw>He*bra"ic*al*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>After the manner of the Hebrews or of the Hebrew language.</def></p>

<p><hw>He"bra*ism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>h&eacute;bra&iuml;sme</i>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A Hebrew idiom or custom; a peculiar expression or manner of speaking in the Hebrew language.</def> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The type of character of the Hebrews.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The governing idea of <i>Hebraism</i> is strictness of conscience.</blockquote> <i>M. Arnold.</i></p>

<p><hw>He"bra*ist</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>h&eacute;bra&iuml;ste</i>.] <def>One versed in the Hebrew language and learning.</def></p>

<p><hw>He`bra*is"tic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pertaining to, or resembling, the Hebrew language or idiom.</def></p>

<p><hw>He`bra*is"tic*al*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a Hebraistic sense or form.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Which is <i>Hebraistically</i> used in the New Testament.</blockquote> <i>Kitto.</i></p>

<p><hw>He"bra*ize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; to speak Hebrew: cf. F. <i>h&eacute;bra&iuml;ser</i>.] <def>To convert into the Hebrew idiom; to make Hebrew or Hebraistic.</def> <i>J. R. Smith.</i></p>

<p><hw>He"bra*ize</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Hebraized</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Hebraizing</u>.] <def>To speak Hebrew, or to conform to the Hebrew idiom, or to Hebrew customs.</def></p>

<p><hw>He"brew</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>H&eacute;breu</i>, L. <i>Hebraeus</i>, Gr. &?;, fr. Heb. <i>'ibhr&imacr;</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>An appellative of Abraham or of one of his descendants, esp. in the line of Jacob; an Israelite; a Jew.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>There came one that had escaped and told Abram the <i>Hebrew</i>.</blockquote> <i>Gen. xiv. 13.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The language of the Hebrews; — one of the Semitic family of languages.</def></p>

<p><hw>He"brew</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to the Hebrews; as, the <i>Hebrew</i> language or rites.</def></p>

<p><hw>He"brew*ess</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>An Israelitish woman.</def></p>

<p><hw>He*bri"cian</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A Hebraist.</def> [R.]</p>

<p>{ <hw>He*brid"e*an</hw> (?), <hw>He*brid"i*an</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to the islands called Hebrides, west of Scotland.</def> — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A native or inhabitant of the Hebrides.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hec"a*tomb</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>hecatombe</i>, Gr. &?;; &?; hundred + &?; ox: cf. F. <i>h&eacute;catombe</i>.] <i>(Antiq.)</i> <def>A sacrifice of a hundred oxen or cattle at the same time; hence, the sacrifice or slaughter of any large number of victims.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Slaughtered <i>hecatombs</i> around them bleed.</blockquote> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>More than a human <i>hecatomb</i>.</blockquote> <i>Byron.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hec`a*tom"pe*don</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; hundred feet long, &?; &?; the Parthenon; &?; hundred + &?; foot.] <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>A name given to the old Parthenon at Athens, because measuring 100 Greek feet, probably in the width across the stylobate.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hec"de*cane</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; six + &?; ten.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A white, semisolid, spermaceti-like hydrocarbon, C<sub>16</sub>H<sub>34</sub>, of the paraffin series, found dissolved as an important ingredient of kerosene, and so called because each molecule has sixteen atoms of carbon; — called also <i>hexadecane</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Heck</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Hatch</u> a half door.] [Written also <i>hack</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The bolt or latch of a door.</def> [Prov. Eng.]</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A rack for cattle to feed at.</def> [Prov. Eng.]</p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A door, especially one partly of latticework; — called also <i>heck door</i>.</def> [Prov. Eng.] <i>Halliwell.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>A latticework contrivance for catching fish.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <i>(Weaving)</i> <def>An apparatus for separating the threads of warps into sets, as they are wound upon the reel from the bobbins, in a warping machine.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>A bend or winding of a stream.</def> [Prov. Eng.]</p>

<p><col><b>Half heck</b></col>, <cd>the lower half of a door.</cd> — <col><b>Heck board</b></col>, <cd>the loose board at the bottom or back of a cart.</cd> — <col><b>Heck</b></col> <col><b>box or frame</b></col>, <cd>that which carries the heck in warping.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Heck"i*mal</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The European blue titmouse (<i>Parus c&oelig;ruleus</i>).</def> [Written also <i>heckimel</i>, <i>hackeymal</i>, <i>hackmall</i>, <i>hagmall</i>, and <i>hickmall</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Hec"kle</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. & v. t.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Hackle</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hec"tare`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., fr. Gr. &?; hundred + F. <i>are</i> an are.] <def>A measure of area, or superficies, containing a hundred ares, or 10,000 square meters, and equivalent to 2.471 acres.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hec"tic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [F. <i>hectique</i>, Gr. &?; habitual, consumptive, fr. &?; habit, a habit of body or mind, fr. &?; to have; akin to Skr. <i>sah</i> to overpower, endure; cf. AS. <i>sige</i>, <i>sigor</i>, victory, G. <i>sieg</i>, Goth. <i>sigis</i>. Cf. <u>Scheme</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Habitual; constitutional; pertaining especially to slow waste of animal tissue, as in consumption; as, a <i>hectic</i> type in disease; a <i>hectic</i> flush.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>In a hectic condition; having hectic fever; consumptive; as, a <i>hectic</i> patient.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Hectic fever</b></col> <i>(Med.)</i>, <cd>a fever of irritation and debility, occurring usually at a advanced stage of exhausting disease, as a in pulmonary consumption.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Hec"tic</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Hectic fever.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A hectic flush.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>It is no living hue, but a strange <i>hectic</i>.</blockquote> <i>Byron.</i></p>

<p><! p. 681 !></p>

<p><hw>Hec`to*cot"y*lized</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Changed into a hectocotylus; having a hectocotylis.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Hec`to*cot"y*lus</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Hectocotyli</b></plw> (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a hundred + &?; a hollow vessel.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of the arms of the male of most kinds of cephalopods, which is specially modified in various ways to effect the fertilization of the eggs. In a special sense, the greatly modified arm of Argonauta and allied genera, which, after receiving the spermatophores, becomes detached from the male, and attaches itself to the female for reproductive purposes.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hec"to*gram</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>hectogramme</i>, fr. Gr. &?; hundred + F. <i>gramme</i> a gram.] <def>A measure of weight, containing a hundred grams, or about 3.527 ounces avoirdupois.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hec"to*gramme</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F.] <def>The same as <u>Hectogram</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hec"to*graph</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; hundred + <i>-graph</i>.] <def>A contrivance for multiple copying, by means of a surface of gelatin softened with glycerin.</def> [Written also <i>hectograph</i>.]</p>

<p>{ <hw>Hec"to*li`ter</hw>, <hw>Hec"to*li`tre</hw> } (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>hectolitre</i>, fr. Gr. &?; hundred + F. <i>litre</i> a liter.] <def>A measure of liquids, containing a hundred liters; equal to a tenth of a cubic meter, nearly 26&frac12; gallons of wine measure, or 22.0097 imperial gallons. As a dry measure, it contains ten decaliters, or about 2&frac56; Winchester bushels.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Hec"to*me`ter</hw>, <hw>Hec"to*me`tre</hw> } (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. &?; <i>hectom&egrave;tre</i>, fr. Gr. &?; hundred + F. <i>m&egrave;tre</i> a meter.] <def>A measure of length, equal to a hundred meters. It is equivalent to 328.09 feet.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hec"tor</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From the Trojan warrior <i>Hector</i>, the son of Priam.] <def>A bully; a blustering, turbulent, insolent, fellow; one who vexes or provokes.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hec"tor</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Hectored</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Hectoring</u>.] <def>To treat with insolence; to threaten; to bully; hence, to torment by words; to tease; to taunt; to worry or irritate by bullying.</def> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hec"tor</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To play the bully; to bluster; to be turbulent or insolent.</def> <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hec"to*rism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The disposition or the practice of a hector; a bullying.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Hec"tor*ly</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Resembling a hector; blustering; insolent; taunting.</def> "<i>Hectorly</i>, ruffianlike swaggering or huffing." <i>Barrow.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hec"to*stere</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>hectost&egrave;re</i>; Gr. &?; hundred + F. <i>st&egrave;re</i>.] <def>A measure of solidity, containing one hundred cubic meters, and equivalent to 3531.66 English or 3531.05 United States cubic feet.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hed"dle</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Heddles</b></plw> (#). [Cf. <u>Heald</u>.] <i>(Weaving)</i> <def>One of the sets of parallel doubled threads which, with mounting, compose the harness employed to guide the warp threads to the lathe or batten in a loom.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hed"dle</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To draw (the warp thread) through the heddle-eyes, in weaving.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hed"dle-eye`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Weaving)</i> <def>The eye or loop formed in each heddle to receive a warp thread.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hed"dling</hw> (?), <pos><i>vb. n.</i></pos> <def>The act of drawing the warp threads through the heddle-eyes of a weaver's harness; the harness itself.</def> <i>Knight.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hed`er*a"ceous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>hederaceus</i>, fr. <i>hedera</i> ivy.] <def>Of, pertaining to, or resembling, ivy.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hed"er*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to ivy.</def></p>

<p><hw>He*der"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, the ivy (<i>Hedera</i>); as, <i>hederic</i> acid, an acid of the acetylene series.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hed`er*if"er*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>hedera</i> ivy + <i>-ferous</i>.] <def>Producing ivy; ivy- bearing.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hed"er*ose`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>hederosus</i>, fr. <i>hedera</i> ivy.] <def>Pertaining to, or of, ivy; full of ivy.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hedge</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>hegge</i>, AS. <i>hecg</i>; akin to <i>haga</i> an inclosure, E. <i>haw</i>, AS. <i>hege</i> hedge, E. <i>hay</i>bote, D. <i>hegge</i>, OHG. <i>hegga</i>, G. <i>hecke</i>. &radic;12. See <u>Haw</u> a hedge.] <def>A thicket of bushes, usually thorn bushes; especially, such a thicket planted as a fence between any two portions of land; and also any sort of shrubbery, as evergreens, planted in a line or as a fence; particularly, such a thicket planted round a field to fence it, or in rows to separate the parts of a garden.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The roughest berry on the rudest <i>hedge</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Through the verdant maze<BR> Of sweetbrier <i>hedges</i> I pursue my walk.</blockquote> <i>Thomson.</i></p>

<p>&fist; <i>Hedge</i>, when used adjectively or in composition, often means <i>rustic</i>, <i>outlandish</i>, <i>illiterate</i>, <i>poor</i>, or <i>mean</i>; as, <i>hedge</i> priest; <i>hedge</i>born, etc.</p>

<p><col><b>Hedge bells</b></col>, <col><b>Hedge bindweed</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>a climbing plant related to the morning-glory (<i>Convolvulus sepium</i>).</cd> — <col><b>Hedge bill</b></col>, <cd>a long-handled billhook.</cd> — <col><b>Hedge garlic</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>a plant of the genus <i>Alliaria</i>. See <i>Garlic mustard</i>, under <u>Garlic</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Hedge hyssop</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>a bitter herb of the genus <i>Gratiola</i>, the leaves of which are emetic and purgative.</cd> - - <col><b>Hedge marriage</b></col>, <cd>a secret or clandestine marriage, especially one performed by a hedge priest.</cd> [Eng.] — <col><b>Hedge mustard</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>a plant of the genus <i>Sisymbrium</i>, belonging to the Mustard family.</cd> — <col><b>Hedge nettle</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>an herb, or under shrub, of the genus <i>Stachys</i>, belonging to the Mint family. It has a nettlelike appearance, though quite harmless.</cd> — <col><b>Hedge note</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>The note of a hedge bird.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>Low, contemptible writing.</cd> [Obs.] <i>Dryden.</i> — <col><b>Hedge priest</b></col>, <cd>a poor, illiterate priest.</cd> <i>Shak.</i> — <col><b>Hedge school</b></col>, <cd>an open-air school in the shelter of a hedge, in Ireland; a school for rustics.</cd> — <col><b>Hedge sparrow</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a European warbler (<i>Accentor modularis</i>) which frequents hedges. Its color is reddish brown, and ash; the wing coverts are tipped with white. Called also <i>chanter</i>, <i>hedge warbler</i>, <i>dunnock</i>, and <i>doney</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Hedge writer</b></col>, <cd>an insignificant writer, or a writer of low, scurrilous stuff.</cd> [Obs.] <i>Swift.</i> — <col><b>To breast up a hedge</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Breast</u>.</cd> — <col><b>To hang in the hedge</b></col>, <cd>to be at a standstill.</cd> "While the business of money <i>hangs in the hedge</i>." <i>Pepys.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hedge</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Hedged</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Hedging</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To inclose or separate with a hedge; to fence with a thickly set line or thicket of shrubs or small trees; as, to <i>hedge</i> a field or garden.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To obstruct, as a road, with a barrier; to hinder from progress or success; — sometimes with <i>up</i> and <i>out</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I will <i>hedge</i> up thy way with thorns.</blockquote> <i>Hos. ii. 6.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Lollius Urbius . . . drew another wall . . . to <i>hedge</i> out incursions from the north.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To surround for defense; to guard; to protect; to hem (in).</def> "England, <i>hedged</i> in with the main." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To surround so as to prevent escape.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>That is a law to <i>hedge</i> in the cuckoo.</blockquote> <i>Locke.</i></p>

<p><col><b>To hedge a bet</b></col>, <cd>to bet upon both sides; that is, after having bet on one side, to bet also on the other, thus guarding against loss.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Hedge</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To shelter one's self from danger, risk, duty, responsibility, etc., as if by hiding in or behind a hedge; to skulk; to slink; to shirk obligations.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I myself sometimes, leaving the fear of God on the left hand and hiding mine honor in my necessity, am fain to shuffle, to <i>hedge</i> and to lurch.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Betting)</i> <def>To reduce the risk of a wager by making a bet against the side or chance one has bet on.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To use reservations and qualifications in one's speech so as to avoid committing one's self to anything definite.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The Heroic Stanzas read much more like an elaborate attempt to <i>hedge</i> between the parties than . . . to gain favor from the Roundheads.</blockquote> <i>Saintsbury.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hedge"born`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Born under a hedge; of low birth.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hedge"bote`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Eng. Law)</i> <def>Same as <u>Haybote</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hedge"hog`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A small European insectivore (<i>Erinaceus Europ&aelig;us</i>), and other allied species of Asia and Africa, having the hair on the upper part of its body mixed with prickles or spines. It is able to roll itself into a ball so as to present the spines outwardly in every direction. It is nocturnal in its habits, feeding chiefly upon insects.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The Canadian porcupine.</def>[U.S]</p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A species of <i>Medicago</i> (<i>M. intertexta</i>), the pods of which are armed with short spines; — popularly so called.</def> <i>Loudon.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>A form of dredging machine.</def> <i>Knight.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Hedgehog caterpillar</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the hairy larv&aelig; of several species of bombycid moths, as of the Isabella moth. It curls up like a hedgehog when disturbed. See <u>Woolly bear</u>, and <u>Isabella moth</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Hedgehog fish</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>any spinose plectognath fish, esp. of the genus <i>Diodon</i>; the porcupine fish.</cd> — <col><b>Hedgehog grass</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>a grass with spiny involucres, growing on sandy shores; burgrass (<i>Cenchrus tribuloides</i>).</cd> — <col><b>Hedgehog rat</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>one of several West Indian rodents, allied to the porcupines, but with ratlike tails, and few quills, or only stiff bristles. The hedgehog rats belong to <i>Capromys</i>, <i>Plagiodon</i>, and allied genera.</cd> — <col><b>Hedgehog shell</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>any spinose, marine, univalve shell of the genus <i>Murex</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Hedgehog thistle</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>a plant of the Cactus family, globular in form, and covered with spines (<i>Echinocactus</i>).</cd> — <col><b>Sea hedgehog</b></col>. <cd>See <u>Diodon</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Hedge"less</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having no hedge.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hedge"pig`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A young hedgehog.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hedg"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who makes or mends hedges; also, one who hedges, as, in betting.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hedge"row`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A row of shrubs, or trees, planted for inclosure or separation of fields.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>By <i>hedgerow</i> elms and hillocks green.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hedg"ing bill`</hw> (?). <def>A hedge bill. See under <u>Hedge</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>He*don"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; pleasure, &?; sweet, pleasant.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Pertaining to pleasure.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Of or relating to Hedonism or the Hedonic sect.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Hedonic sect</b></col> <cd>a sect that placed the highest good in the gratification of the senses, — called also <i>Cyrenaic sect</i>, (which see), and <i>School of Aristippus</i>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>He*don"ics</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Philos.)</i> <def>That branch of moral philosophy which treats of the relation of duty to pleasure; the science of practical, positive enjoyment or pleasure.</def> <i>J. Grote.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hed"on*ism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The doctrine of the Hedonic sect.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The ethical theory which finds the explanation and authority of duty in its tendency to give pleasure.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hed"on*ist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who believes in hedonism.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hed`o*nis"tic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Hedonic</u>, 2.</def></p>

<p><hw>Heed</hw> (h&emacr;d), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Heeded</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Heeding</u>.] [OE. <i>heden</i>, AS. <i>h&emacr;dan</i>; akin to OS. <i>h&omacr;dian</i>, D. <i>hoeden</i>, Fries. <i>hoda</i>, OHG. <i>huoten</i>, G. <i>h&uuml;ten</i>, Dan. <i>hytte</i>. &radic;13. Cf. <u>Hood</u>.] <def>To mind; to regard with care; to take notice of; to attend to; to observe.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>With pleasure Argus the musician <i>heeds</i>.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — To notice; regard; mind. See <u>Attend</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Heed</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To mind; to consider.</def></p>

<p><hw>Heed</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Attention; notice; observation; regard; — often with <i>give</i> or <i>take</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>With wanton <i>heed</i> and giddy cunning.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Amasa took no <i>heed</i> to the sword that was in Joab's hand.</blockquote> <i>2 Sam. xx. 10.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Birds give more <i>heed</i> and mark words more than beasts.</blockquote> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Careful consideration; obedient regard.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Therefore we ought to give the more earnest <i>heed</i> to the things which we have heard.</blockquote> <i>Heb. ii. 1.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A look or expression of heading.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>He did it with a serious mind; a <i>heed</i><BR> Was in his countenance.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Heed"ful</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Full of heed; regarding with care; cautious; circumspect; attentive; vigilant.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p>— <wf>Heed"ful*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Heed"ful*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Heed"less</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Without heed or care; inattentive; careless; thoughtless; unobservant.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>O, negligent and <i>heedless</i> discipline!</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>heedless</i> lover does not know<BR> Whose eyes they are that wound him so.</blockquote> <i>Waller.</i></p>

<p>— <wf>Heed"less*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Heed"less*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Heed"y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Heedful.</def> [Obs.] "<i>Heedy</i> shepherds." <i>Spenser.</i> — <wf>Heed"i*ly</wf> (#), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> [Obs.] — <wf>Heed"i*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Heel</hw> (h&emacr;l), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [OE. <i>helden</i> to lean, incline, AS. <i>heldan</i>, <i>hyldan</i>; akin to Icel. <i>halla</i>, Dan. <i>helde</i>, Sw. <i>h&auml;lla</i> to tilt, pour, and perh. to E. <i>hill</i>.] <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>To lean or tip to one side, as a ship; as, the ship <i>heels</i> aport; the boat <i>heeled</i> over when the squall struck it.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Heeling error</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>a deviation of the compass caused by the heeling of an iron vessel to one side or the other.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Heel</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>hele</i>, <i>heele</i>, AS. <i>h&emacr;la</i>, perh. for <i>h&omacr;hila</i>, fr. AS. <i>h&omacr;h</i> heel (cf. <u>Hough</u>); but cf. D. <i>hiel</i>, OFries. <i>heila</i>, <i>h&emacr;la</i>, Icel. <i>h&aelig;ll</i>, Dan. <i>h&aelig;l</i>, Sw. <i>h&auml;l</i>, and L. <i>calx</i>. &radic;12. Cf. <u>Inculcate</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The hinder part of the foot; sometimes, the whole foot; — in man or quadrupeds.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He [the stag] calls to mind his strength and then his speed,<BR> His winged <i>heels</i> and then his armed head.</blockquote> <i>Denham.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The hinder part of any covering for the foot, as of a shoe, sock, etc.; specif., a solid part projecting downward from the hinder part of the sole of a boot or shoe.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>The latter or remaining part of anything; the closing or concluding part.</def> "The <i>heel</i> of a hunt." <i>A. Trollope.</i> "The <i>heel</i> of the white loaf." <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Anything regarded as like a human heel in shape; a protuberance; a knob.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>The part of a thing corresponding in position to the human heel; the lower part, or part on which a thing rests</def>; especially: <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>The after end of a ship's keel.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>The lower end of a mast, a boom, the bowsprit, the sternpost, etc.</def> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <i>(Mil.)</i> <def>In a small arm, the corner of the but which is upwards in the firing position.</def> <sd><i>(d)</i></sd> <i>(Mil.)</i> <def>The uppermost part of the blade of a sword, next to the hilt.</def> <sd><i>(e)</i></sd> <def>The part of any tool next the tang or handle; as, the <i>heel</i> of a scythe.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <i>(Man.)</i> <def>Management by the heel, especially the spurred heel; as, the horse understands the <i>heel</i> well.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <i>(Arch.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The lower end of a timber in a frame, as a post or rafter. In the United States, specif., the obtuse angle of the lower end of a rafter set sloping.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A cyma reversa; — so called by workmen.</def> <i>Gwilt.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Heel chain</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>a chain passing from the bowsprit cap around the heel of the jib boom.</cd> — <col><b>Heel plate</b></col>, <cd>the butt plate of a gun.</cd> — <col><b>Heel of a rafter</b></col>. <i>(Arch.)</i> <cd>See <u>Heel</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, 7.</cd> — <col><b>Heel ring</b></col>, <cd>a ring for fastening a scythe blade to the snath.</cd> — <col><b>Neck and heels</b></col>, <cd>the whole body.</cd> (Colloq.) — <col><b>To be at the heels of</b></col>, <cd>to pursue closely; to follow hard; as, hungry want <i>is at</i> my <i>heels</i>.</cd> <i>Otway.</i> — <col><b>To be down at the heel</b></col>, <cd>to be slovenly or in a poor plight.</cd> — <col><b>To be out at the heels</b></col>, <cd>to have on stockings that are worn out; hence, to be shabby, or in a poor plight.</cd> <i>Shak.</i> — <col><b>To cool the heels</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Cool</u>.</cd> — <col><b>To go heels over head</b></col>, <cd>to turn over so as to bring the heels uppermost; hence, to move in a inconsiderate, or rash, manner.</cd> — <col><b>To have the heels of</b></col>, <cd>to outrun.</cd> — <col><b>To lay by the heels</b></col>, <cd>to fetter; to shackle; to imprison.</cd> <i>Shak.</i> <i>Addison.</i> — <col><b>To show the heels</b></col>, <cd>to flee; to run from.</cd> — <col><b>To take to the heels</b></col>, <cd>to flee; to betake to flight.</cd> — <col><b>To throw up another's heels</b></col>, <cd>to trip him.</cd> <i>Bunyan.</i> — <col><b>To tread upon one's heels</b></col>, <cd>to follow closely.</cd> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Heel</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Heeled</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Heeling</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To perform by the use of the heels, as in dancing, running, and the like.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>I cannot sing,<BR> Nor <i>heel</i> the high lavolt.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To add a heel to; as, to <i>heel</i> a shoe.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To arm with a gaff, as a cock for fighting.</def></p>

<p><hw>Heel"ball`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A composition of wax and lampblack, used by shoemakers for polishing, and by antiquaries in copying inscriptions.</def></p>

<p><hw>Heel"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A cock that strikes well with his heels or spurs.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A dependent and subservient hanger-on of a political patron.</def> [Political Cant, U. S.]</p>

<p><blockquote>The army of hungry <i>heelers</i> who do their bidding.</blockquote> <i>The Century.</i></p>

<p><hw>Heel"less</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Without a heel.</def></p>

<p><hw>Heel"piece`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A piece of armor to protect the heels.</def> <i>Chesterfield.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A piece of leather fixed on the heel of a shoe.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>The end.</def> "The <i>heelpiece</i> of his book." <i>Lloyd.</i></p>

<p><hw>Heel"post`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>The post supporting the outer end of a propeller shaft.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Carp.)</i> <def>The post to which a gate or door is hinged.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Engineering)</i> <def>The quoin post of a lock gate.</def></p>

<p><hw>Heel"spur`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A slender bony or cartilaginous process developed from the heel bone of bats. It helps to support the wing membranes. See <i>Illust.</i> of <u>Cheiropter</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Heel"tap`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One of the segments of leather in the heel of a shoe.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A small portion of liquor left in a glass after drinking.</def> "Bumpers around and no <i>heeltaps</i>." <i>Sheridan.</i></p>

<p><hw>Heel"tap`</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Heeltapped</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Heeltapping</u>.] <def>To add a piece of leather to the heel of (a shoe, boot, etc.)</def></p>

<p><hw>Heel"tool`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A tool used by turners in metal, having a bend forming a heel near the cutting end.</def></p>

<p><hw>Heep</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The hip of the dog- rose.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Heer</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>[Etymol. uncertain.] <def>A yarn measure of six hundred yards or &frac1x24; of a spindle. See <u>Spindle</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Heer</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Hair</u>.] <def>Hair.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><! p. 682 !></p>

<p><hw>Heft</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Haft</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></def> [Obs.] <i>Waller.</i></p>

<p><hw>Heft</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From <u>Heave</u>: cf. <i>hefe</i> weight. Cf. <u>Haft</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act or effort of heaving&?; violent strain or exertion.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>He craks his gorge, his sides,<BR> With violent <i>hefts</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Weight; ponderousness.</def> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><blockquote>A man of his age and <i>heft</i>.</blockquote> <i>T. Hughes.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>The greater part or bulk of anything; as, the <i>heft</i> of the crop was spoiled.</def> [Colloq. U. S.] <i>J. Pickering.</i></p>

<p><hw>Heft</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Hefted</u> (<u>Heft</u>, obs.); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Hefting</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To heave up; to raise aloft.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Inflamed with wrath, his raging blade he <i>heft</i>.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To prove or try the weight of by raising.</def> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><hw>Heft"y</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Moderately heavy.</def> [Colloq. U. S.]</p>

<p><hw>He*ge"li*an</hw> (?; 106), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pertaining to Hegelianism.</def> — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A follower of Hegel.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>He*ge"li*an*ism</hw> (?), <hw>He"gel*ism</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The system of logic and philosophy set forth by <i>Hegel</i>, a German writer (1770-1831).</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Heg`e*mon"ic</hw> (?), <hw>Heg`e*mon"ic*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;. See <u>Hegemony</u>.] <def>Leading; controlling; ruling; predominant.</def> "Princelike and <i>hegemonical</i>." <i>Fotherby.</i></p>

<p><hw>He*gem`o*ny</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; guide, leader, fr. &?; to go before.] <def>Leadership; preponderant influence or authority; — usually applied to the relation of a government or state to its neighbors or confederates.</def> <i>Lieber.</i></p>

<p><hw>Heg"ge</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A hedge.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>He*gi"ra</hw> (?; 277), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Written also <i>hejira</i>.] [Ar. <i>hijrah</i> flight.] <def>The flight of Mohammed from Mecca, September 13, <u>A. D.</u> 622 (subsequently established as the first year of the Moslem era); hence, any flight or exodus regarded as like that of Mohammed.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The starting point of the Era was made to begin, not from the date of the flight, but from the first day of the Arabic year, which corresponds to July 16, <u>A. D.</u> 622.</p>

<p><hw>Heif"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>hayfare</i>, AS. <i>he&aacute;hfore</i>, <i>he&aacute;fore</i>; the second part of this word seems akin to AS. <i>fearr</i> bull, ox; akin to OHG. <i>farro</i>, G. <i>farre</i>, D. <i>vaars</i>, heifer, G. <i>f&auml;rse</i>, and perh. to Gr. &?;, &?;, calf, heifer.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A young cow.</def></p>

<p><hw>Heigh"-ho</hw> (h&imacr;"-h&omacr;), <pos><i>interj.</i></pos> <def>An exclamation of surprise, joy, dejection, uneasiness, weariness, etc.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Height</hw> (h&imacr;t), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Written also <i>hight</i>.] [OE. <i>heighte</i>, <i>heght</i>, <i>heighthe</i>, AS. <i>he&aacute;h&eth;u</i>, <i>h&emacr;h&eth;u</i> fr. <i>heah</i> high; akin to D. <i>hoogte</i>, Sw. <i>h&ouml;jd</i>, Dan. <i>h&ouml;ide</i>, Icel. <i>h&aelig;&eth;</i>, Goth. <i>hauhi&thorn;a</i>. See <u>High</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The condition of being high; elevated position.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Behold the <i>height</i> of the stars, how high they are!</blockquote> <i>Job xxii. 12.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The distance to which anything rises above its foot, above that on which in stands, above the earth, or above the level of the sea; altitude; the measure upward from a surface, as the floor or the ground, of an animal, especially of a man; stature.</def> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>[Goliath's] <i>height</i> was six cubits and a span.</blockquote> <i>1 Sam. xvii. 4.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Degree of latitude either north or south.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Guinea lieth to the north sea, in the same <i>height</i> as Peru to the south.</blockquote> <i>Abp. Abbot.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>That which is elevated; an eminence; a hill or mountain; as, Alpine <i>heights</i>.</def> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>Elevation in excellence of any kind, as in power, learning, arts; also, an advanced degree of social rank; pre&euml;minence or distinction in society; prominence.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Measure your mind's <i>height</i> by the shade it casts.</blockquote> <i>R. Browning.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>All would in his power hold, all make his subjects.</blockquote> <i>Chapman.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>Progress toward eminence; grade; degree.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Social duties are carried to greater <i>heights</i>, and enforced with stronger motives by the principles of our religion.</blockquote> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <def>Utmost degree in extent; extreme limit of energy or condition; as, the <i>height</i> of a fever, of passion, of madness, of folly; the <i>height</i> of a tempest.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>My grief was at the <i>height</i> before thou camest.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><col><b>On height</b></col>, <cd>aloud.</cd> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>[He] spake these same words, all <i>on hight</i>.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Height"en</hw> (h&imacr;t"'n), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [Written also <i>highten</i>.] [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Heightened</u> (#); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Heightening</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To make high; to raise higher; to elevate.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To carry forward; to advance; to increase; to augment; to aggravate; to intensify; to render more conspicuous; - - used of things, good or bad; as, to <i>heighten</i> beauty; to <i>heighten</i> a flavor or a tint.</def> "To <i>heighten</i> our confusion." <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>An aspect of mystery which was easily <i>heightened</i> to the miraculous.</blockquote> <i>Hawthorne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Height"en*er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Written also <i>hightener</i>.] <def>One who, or that which, heightens.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hei"nous</hw> (h&amacr;"n&ubreve;s), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [OF. <i>ha&iuml;nos</i> hateful, F. <i>haineux</i>, fr. OF. <i>ha&iuml;ne</i> hate, F. <i>haine</i>, fr. <i>ha&iuml;r</i> to hate; of German origin. See <u>Hate</u>.] <def>Hateful; hatefully bad; flagrant; odious; atrocious; giving great offense; — applied to deeds or to character.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>It were most <i>heinous</i> and accursed sacrilege.</blockquote> <i>Hooker.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>How <i>heinous</i> had the fact been, how deserving<BR> Contempt!</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Monstrous; flagrant; flagitious; atrocious.</p>

<p>— <wf>Hei"nous*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Hei"nous*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Heir</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>heir</i>, <i>eir</i>, <i>hair</i>, OF. <i>heir</i>, <i>eir</i>, F. <i>hoir</i>, L. <i>heres</i>; of uncertain origin. Cf. <u>Hereditary</u>, <u>Heritage</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who inherits, or is entitled to succeed to the possession of, any property after the death of its owner; one on whom the law bestows the title or property of another at the death of the latter.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I am my father's <i>heir</i> and only son.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>One who receives any endowment from an ancestor or relation; as, the <i>heir</i> of one's reputation or virtues.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>And I his <i>heir</i> in misery alone.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Heir apparent</b></col>. <i>(Law.)</i> <cd>See under <u>Apparent</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Heir at law</b></col>, <cd>one who, after his ancector's death, has a right to inherit all his intestate estate.</cd> <i>Wharton (Law Dict.).</i> — <col><b>Heir presumptive</b></col>, <cd>one who, if the ancestor should die immediately, would be his heir, but whose right to the inheritance may be defeated by the birth of a nearer relative, or by some other contingency.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Heir</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To inherit; to succeed to.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>One only daughter <i>heired</i> the royal state.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Heir"dom</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The state of an heir; succession by inheritance.</def> <i>Burke.</i></p>

<p><hw>Heir"ess</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A female heir.</def></p>

<p><hw>Heir"less</hw> <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Destitute of an heir.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Heir"loom`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Heir</i> + <i>loom</i>, in its earlier sense of <i>implement</i>, <i>tool.</i> See <u>Loom</u> the frame.] <def>Any furniture, movable, or personal chattel, which by law or special custom descends to the heir along with the inheritance; any piece of personal property that has been in a family for several generations.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Woe to him whose daring hand profanes<BR> The honored <i>heirlooms</i> of his ancestors.</blockquote> <i>Moir.</i></p>

<p><hw>Heir"ship</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The state, character, or privileges of an heir; right of inheriting.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Heirship movables</b></col>, <cd>certain kinds of movables which the heir is entitled to take, besides the heritable estate.</cd> [Scot.]</p>

<p><hw>He*ji"ra</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Hegira</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hek"tare`</hw>, <hw>Hek"to*gram</hw>, <hw>Hek"to*li`ter</hw>, &and; <hw>Hek"to*me`ter</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Hectare</u>, <u>Hectogram</u>, <u>Hectoliter</u>, and <u>Hectometer</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hek"to*graph</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Hectograph</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Hel*a*mys</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?; fawn + &?; mouse.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>See <i>Jumping hare</i>, under <u>Hare</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hel"co*plas`ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; a wound + <i>-plasty</i>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>The act or process of repairing lesions made by ulcers, especially by a plastic operation.</def></p>

<p><hw>Held</hw> (?), <def><pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> of <u>Hold</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hele</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Heal</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <def>Health; welfare.</def> [Obs.] "In joy and perfyt <i>hele</i>." <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hele</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [AS. <i>helan</i>, akin to D. <i>helen</i>, OHG. <i>helan</i>, G. <i>hehlen</i>, L. <i>celare</i>. &radic;17. See <u>Hell</u>, and cf. <u>Conceal</u>.] <def>To hide; to cover; to roof.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Hide and <i>hele</i> things.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hel"e*na</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L.: cf. Sp. <i>helena</i>.] <def>See <i>St. Elmo's fire</i>, under <u>Saint</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hel"e*nin</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A neutral organic substance found in the root of the elecampane (<i>Inula helenium</i>), and extracted as a white crystalline or oily material, with a slightly bitter taste.</def> </p>

<p><hw>He"li*ac</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Heliacal.</def></p>

<p><hw>He*li"a*cal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; belonging to the sun, fr. &?; the sun: cf. F. <i>h&eacute;liaque</i>.] <i>(Astron.)</i> <def>Emerging from the light of the sun, or passing into it; rising or setting at the same, or nearly the same, time as the sun.</def> <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p>&fist; The <i>heliacal</i> rising of a star is when, after being in conjunction with the sun, and invisible, it emerges from the light so as to be visible in the morning before sunrising. On the contrary, the <i>heliacal</i> setting of a star is when the sun approaches conjunction so near as to render the star invisible.</p>

<p><hw>He*li"a*cal*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a heliacal manner.</def> <i>De Quincey.</i></p>

<p><hw>He`li*an"thin</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Prob. fr. L. <i>helianthes</i>, or NL. <i>helianthus</i>, sunflower, in allusion to its color.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>An artificial, orange dyestuff, analogous to tropaolin, and like it used as an indicator in alkalimetry; — called also <i>methyl orange</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>He`li*an"thoid</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to the Helianthoidea.</def></p>

<p><hw>||He`li*an"thoi"de*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr. L. <i>helianthes</i> sunflower + <i>-oid</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>An order of Anthozoa; the Actinaria.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hel"i*cal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [From <u>Helix</u>.] <def>Of or pertaining to, or in the form of, a helix; spiral; as, a <i>helical</i> staircase; a <i>helical</i> spring.</def> — <wf>Hel"i*cal*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>||Hel`i*chry"sum</hw> (&?;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., the marigold, fr. Gr. &?; a kind of plant.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A genus of composite plants, with shining, commonly white or yellow, or sometimes reddish, radiated involucres, which are often called "everlasting flowers."</def></p>

<p><hw>He*lic"i*form</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Helix</i> + <i>-form</i>.] <def>Having the form of a helix; spiral.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hel"i*cin</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A glucoside obtained as a white crystalline substance by partial oxidation of salicin, from a willow (<i>Salix Helix</i> of Linn&aelig;us.)</def></p>

<p><hw>Hel"i*cine</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Curled; spiral; helicoid; — applied esp. to certain arteries of the penis.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hel"i*co*graph`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Helix</i> + <i>-graph</i>.] <def>An instrument for drawing spiral lines on a plane.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hel"i*coid</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;; <grk>"e`lix</grk>, <grk>-ikos</grk>, spiral + &?; shape: cf. F. <i>h&eacute;lico&iuml;de</i>. See <u>Helix</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Spiral; curved, like the spire of a univalve shell.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Shaped like a snail shell; pertaining to the <i>Helicid&aelig;</i>, or Snail family.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Helicoid parabola</b></col> <i>(Math.)</i>, <cd>the parabolic spiral.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Hel"i*coid</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Geom.)</i> <def>A warped surface which may be generated by a straight line moving in such a manner that every point of the line shall have a uniform motion in the direction of another fixed straight line, and at the same time a uniform angular motion about it.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hel`i*coid"al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Helicoid</u>.</def> — <wf>Hel`i*coid"al*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Hel"i*con</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., fr. Gr. &?;.] <def>A mountain in B&oelig;otia, in Greece, supposed by the Greeks to be the residence of Apollo and the Muses.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>From <i>Helicon's</i> harmonious springs<BR> A thousand rills their mazy progress take.</blockquote> <i>Gray.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Hel`i*co"ni*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Helicon</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of numerous species of <i>Heliconius</i>, a genus of tropical American butterflies. The wings are usually black, marked with green, crimson, and white.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hel`i*co"ni*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>Heliconius</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Of or pertaining to Helicon.</def> "<i>Heliconian</i> honey." <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Like or pertaining to the butterflies of the genus <i>Heliconius</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Hel`i*co"tre"ma</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. <grk>"e`lix</grk>, <grk>-ikos</grk>, a helix + &?; a hole.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>The opening by which the two scal&aelig; communicate at the top of the cochlea of the ear.</def></p>

<p><hw>He"li*o-</hw> (?). <def>A combining form from Gr. <grk>"h`lios</grk> <i>the sun</i>.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>He`li*o*cen"tric</hw> (?), <hw>He`li*o*cen"tric"al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Helio-</i> + <i>centric</i>, <i>centrical</i>: cf. F. <i>h&eacute;liocentrique</i>.] <i>(Astron.)</i> <def>pertaining to the sun's center, or appearing to be seen from it; having, or relating to, the sun as a center; — opposed to <i>geocentrical</i>.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Heliocentric parallax</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Parallax</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Heliocentric place</b></col>, <col><b>latitude</b></col>, <col><b>longitude</b></col>, <cd>etc. (of a heavenly body), the direction, latitude, longitude, etc., of the body as viewed from the sun.</cd></p>

<p><hw>He"li*o*chrome</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Helio-</i> + Gr. &?; color.] <def>A photograph in colors.</def> <i>R. Hunt.</i></p>

<p><hw>He`li*o*chro"mic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pertaining to, or produced by, heliochromy.</def></p>

<p><hw>He"li*o*chro`my</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The art of producing photographs in color.</def></p>

<p><hw>He"li*o*graph</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Helio-</i> + <i>-graph</i>.]ets></p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A picture taken by heliography; a photograph.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>An instrument for taking photographs of the sun.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>An apparatus for telegraphing by means of the sun's rays. See <u>Heliotrope</u>, 3.</def></p>

<p><hw>He`li*o*graph"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to heliography or a heliograph; made by heliography.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Heliographic chart</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Chart</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>He`li*og"ra*phy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Helio-</i> + <i>-graphy</i>.] <def>Photography.</def> <i>R. Hunt.</i></p>

<p><hw>He`li*o*grav"ure</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>h&eacute;liogravure</i>.] <def>The process of photographic engraving.</def></p>

<p><hw>He`li*ol"a*ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Helio-</i> + Gr. &?; servant, worshiper.] <def>A worshiper of the sun.</def></p>

<p><hw>He`li*ol"a*try</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Helio-</i> + Gr. &?; service, worship.] <def>Sun worship. See <u>Sabianism</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>He"li*o*lite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Helio-</i> + <i>-lite</i>.] <i>(Paleon.)</i> <def>A fossil coral of the genus <i>Heliolites</i>, having twelve-rayed cells. It is found in the Silurian rocks.</def></p>

<p><hw>He`li*om"e*ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Helio-</i> + <i>-meter</i>: cf. F. <i>h&eacute;liom&egrave;tre</i>.] <i>(Astron.)</i> <def>An instrument devised originally for measuring the diameter of the sun; now employed for delicate measurements of the distance and relative direction of two stars too far apart to be easily measured in the field of view of an ordinary telescope.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>He`li*o*met"ric</hw> (?), <hw>He`li*o*met"ric*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to the heliometer, or to heliometry.</def></p>

<p><hw>He`li*om"e*try</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The apart or practice of measuring the diameters of heavenly bodies, their relative distances, etc. See <u>Heliometer</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||He`li*op"o*ra</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?; the sun + &?; a passage, pore.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>An East Indian stony coral now known to belong to the Alcyonaria; — called also <i>blue coral</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>He"li*o*scope</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Helio-</i> + <i>-scope</i>: cf. F. <i>h&eacute;lioscope</i>.] <i>(Astron.)</i> <def>A telescope or instrument for viewing the sun without injury to the eyes, as through colored glasses, or with mirrors which reflect but a small portion of light.</def> — <wf>He`li*o*scop`ic</wf> (#), <pos><i>a.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>He"li*o*stat</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Helio-</i> + Gr. &?; placed, standing, fr. &?; to place, stand: cf. F. <i>h&eacute;liostate</i>.] <def>An instrument consisting of a mirror moved by clockwork, by which a sunbeam is made apparently stationary, by being steadily directed to one spot during the whole of its diurnal period; also, a geodetic heliotrope.</def></p>

<p><hw>He"li*o*trope</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>h&eacute;liotrope</i>, L. <i>heliotropium</i>, Gr. &?;; &?; the sun + &?; to turn, &?; turn. See <u>Heliacal</u>, <u>Trope</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Anc. Astron.)</i> <def>An instrument or machine for showing when the sun arrived at the tropics and equinoctial line.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A plant of the genus <i>Heliotropium</i>; — called also <i>turnsole</i> and <i>girasole</i>. <i>H. Peruvianum</i> is the commonly cultivated species with fragrant flowers.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Geodesy & Signal Service)</i> <def>An instrument for making signals to an observer at a distance, by means of the sun's rays thrown from a mirror.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Min.)</i> <def>See <u>Bloodstone</u> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd>.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Heliotrope purple</b></col>, <cd>a grayish purple color.</cd></p>

<p><hw>He"li*o*tro`per</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The person at a geodetic station who has charge of the heliotrope.</def></p>

<p><hw>He`li*o*trop"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Manifesting heliotropism; turning toward the sun.</def></p>

<p><hw>He`li*ot"ro*pism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Helio-</i> + Gr. &?; to turn.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The phenomenon of turning toward the light, seen in many leaves and flowers.</def></p>

<p><hw>He"li*o*type</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Helio-</i> + <i>-type</i>.] <def>A picture obtained by the process of heliotypy.</def></p>

<p><hw>He`li*o*typ"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Relating to, or obtained by, heliotypy.</def></p>

<p><hw>He"li*o*ty`py</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A method of transferring pictures from photographic negatives to hardened gelatin plates from which impressions are produced on paper as by lithography.</def></p>

<p><hw>||He`li*o*zo"a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?; the sun + &?; an animal.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>An order of fresh-water rhizopods having a more or less globular form, with slender radiating pseudopodia; the sun animalcule.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hel`i*spher"ic</hw> (?), <hw>Hel`i*spher"ic*al</hw> (&?;), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Helix</i> + <i>spheric</i>, <i>spherical</i>.] <def>Spiral.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Helispherical line</b></col> <i>(Math.)</i>. <cd>the rhomb line in navigation.</cd> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>He"li*um</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?; the sun.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A gaseous element found in the atmospheres of the sun and earth and in some rare minerals.</def></p>

<p><! p. 683 !></p>

<p><hw>He"lix</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> L. <plw><b>Helices</b></plw> (#), E. <plw><b>Helixes</b></plw> (#). [L. <i>helix</i>, Gr. &?;, &?;, fr. &?; to turn round; cf. L. <i>volvere</i>, and E. <i>volute</i>, <i>voluble</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Geom.)</i> <def>A nonplane curve whose tangents are all equally inclined to a given plane. The common helix is the curve formed by the thread of the ordinary screw. It is distinguished from the <i>spiral</i>, all the convolutions of which are in the plane.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>A caulicule or little volute under the abacus of the Corinthian capital.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>The incurved margin or rim of the external ear. See <i>Illust.</i> of <u>Ear</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A genus of land snails, including a large number of species.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The genus originally included nearly all shells, but is now greatly restricted. See <u>Snail</u>, <u>Pulmonifera</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Hell</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>hell</i>; akin to D. <i>hel</i>, OHG. <i>hella</i>, G. <i>h&ouml;lle</i>, Icel. <i>hal</i>, Sw. <i>helfvete</i>, Dan. <i>helvede</i>, Goth. <i>halja</i>, and to AS. <i>helan</i> to conceal. &?;&?;&?;. Cf. <u>Hele</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>, <u>Conceal</u>, <u>Cell</u>, <u>Helmet</u>, <u>Hole</u>, <u>Occult</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The place of the dead, or of souls after death; the grave; — called in Hebrew <i>sheol</i>, and by the Greeks <i>hades</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He descended into <i>hell</i>.</blockquote> <i>Book of Common Prayer.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Thou wilt not leave my soul in <i>hell</i>.</blockquote> <i>Ps. xvi. 10.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The place or state of punishment for the wicked after death; the abode of evil spirits. Hence, any mental torment; anguish.</def> "Within him <i>hell</i>." <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>It is a knell<BR> That summons thee to heaven or to <i>hell</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A place where outcast persons or things are gathered</def>; as: <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A dungeon or prison; also, in certain running games, a place to which those who are caught are carried for detention.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A gambling house.</def> "A convenient little gambling <i>hell</i> for those who had grown reckless." <i>W. Black.</i> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <def>A place into which a tailor throws his shreds, or a printer his broken type.</def> <i>Hudibras.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Gates of hell</b></col>. <i>(Script.)</i> <cd>See <u>Gate</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, 4.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Hell</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To overwhelm.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hel`la*nod"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;; &?;, &?;, a Greek + &?; right, judgment.] <i>(Gr. Antiq.)</i> <def>A judge or umpire in games or combats.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hell"bend`er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A large North American aquatic salamander (<i>Protonopsis horrida</i> or <i>Menopoma Alleghaniensis</i>). It is very voracious and very tenacious of life. Also called <i>alligator</i>, and <i>water dog</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hell"born`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Born in or of hell.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hell"bred`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Produced in hell.</def> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hell"brewed`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Prepared in hell.</def> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hell"broth`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A composition for infernal purposes; a magical preparation.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hell"-cat `</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A witch; a hag.</def> <i>Middleton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hell"-div`er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The dabchick.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hell"doomed`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Doomed to hell.</def> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hel"le*bore</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>helleborus</i>, <i>elleborus</i>, Gr. &?;, &?;; cf. F. <i>hell&eacute;bore</i>, <i>ell&eacute;bore</i>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A genus of perennial herbs (<i>Helleborus</i>) of the Crowfoot family, mostly having powerfully cathartic and even poisonous qualities. <i>H. niger</i> is the European black hellebore, or Christmas rose, blossoming in winter or earliest spring. <i>H. officinalis</i> was the officinal hellebore of the ancients.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Any plant of several species of the poisonous liliaceous genus <i>Veratrum</i>, especially <i>V. album</i> and <i>V. viride</i>, both called <i>white hellebore</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hel`le*bo"re*in</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A poisonous glucoside accompanying helleborin in several species of hellebore, and extracted as a white crystalline substance with a bittersweet taste. It has a strong action on the heart, resembling digitalin.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hel*leb"o*rin</hw> (? or ?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A poisonous glucoside found in several species of hellebore, and extracted as a white crystalline substance with a sharp tingling taste. It possesses the essential virtues of the plant; — called also <i>elleborin</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hel"le*bo*rism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The practice or theory of using hellebore as a medicine.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hel"lene</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;.] <def>A native of either ancient or modern Greece; a Greek.</def> <i>Brewer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hel*le"ni*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to the Hellenes, or Greeks.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hel*len"ic</hw> (?; 277), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;, &?;, fr. &?; the Greeks.] <def>Of or pertaining to the Hellenes, or inhabitants of Greece; Greek; Grecian.</def> "The <i>Hellenic</i> forces." <i>Jowett (Thucyd. ).</i></p>

<p><hw>Hel*len"ic</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The dialect, formed with slight variations from the Attic, which prevailed among Greek writers after the time of Alexander.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hel"len*ism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;: cf. F. <i>Hell&eacute;nisme</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A phrase or form of speech in accordance with genius and construction or idioms of the Greek language; a Grecism.</def> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The type of character of the ancient Greeks, who aimed at culture, grace, and amenity, as the chief elements in human well-being and perfection.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hel"len*ist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;: cf. F. <i>Hell&eacute;niste</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who affiliates with Greeks, or imitates Greek manners; esp., a person of Jewish extraction who used the Greek language as his mother tongue, as did the Jews of Asia Minor, Greece, Syria, and Egypt; distinguished from the Hebraists, or native Jews (<i>Acts vi. 1</i>).</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>One skilled in the Greek language and literature; as, the critical <i>Hellenist</i>.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Hel`le*nis"tic</hw> (?), <hw>Hel`le*nis"tic*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>Hell&eacute;nistique</i>.] <def>Pertaining to the Hellenists.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Hellenistic</b></col> <col><b>language, dialect, or idiom</b></col>, <cd>the Greek spoken or used by the Jews who lived in countries where the Greek language prevailed; the Jewish-Greek dialect or idiom of the Septuagint.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Hel`le*nis"tic*al*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>According to the Hellenistic manner or dialect.</def> <i>J. Gregory.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hel"len*ize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;.] <def>To use the Greek language; to play the Greek; to Grecize.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hel"len*ize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;.] <def>To give a Greek form or character to; to Grecize; as, to <i>Hellenize</i> a word.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hel*len"o*type</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Ivorytype</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hel"les*pont</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>Hellespontus</i>, Gr. &?;; &?; the mythological Helle, daughter of Athamas + &?; sea.] <def>A narrow strait between Europe and Asia, now called the <i>Daradanelles</i>. It connects the &AElig;gean Sea and the sea of Marmora.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hel`les*pon"tine</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to the Hellespont.</def> <i>Mitford.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Hell"ga*mite</hw> (?), <hw>Hell"gra*mite</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The aquatic larva of a large American winged insect (<i>Corydalus cornutus</i>), much used a fish bait by anglers; the dobson. It belongs to the Neuroptera.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hell"hag`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A hag of or fit for hell.</def> <i>Bp. Richardson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hell"-haunt`ed</hw> (&?;), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Haunted by devils; hellish.</def> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hell"hound`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>hellehund</i>.] <def>A dog of hell; an agent of hell.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A <i>hellhound</i>, that doth hunt us all to death.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hel"li*er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Hele</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>] <def>One who heles or covers; hence, a tiler, slater, or thatcher.</def> [Obs.] [Written also <i>heler</i>.] <i>Usher.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hell"ish</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to hell; like hell; infernal; malignant; wicked; detestable; diabolical.</def> "<i>Hellish</i> hate." <i>Milton.</i> — <wf>Hell"ish*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Hell"ish*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Hell"kite`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A kite of infernal breed.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hel*lo"</hw> (?), <pos><i>interj. & n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Halloo</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hell"ward</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>Toward hell.</def> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hell"y</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [AS. <i>hell&imacr;c</i>.] <def>Hellish.</def> <i>Anderson (1573).</i></p>

<p><hw>Helm</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Haulm</u>, straw.</def></p>

<p><hw>Helm</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>helme</i>, AS. <i>helma</i> rudder; akin to D. & G. <i>helm</i>, Icel. <i>hj&amacr;lm</i>, and perh. to E. <i>helve</i>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>The apparatus by which a ship is steered, comprising rudder, tiller, wheel, etc.; — commonly used of the tiller or wheel alone.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The place or office of direction or administration.</def> "The <i>helm</i> of the Commonwealth." <i>Melmoth.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>One at the place of direction or control; a steersman; hence, a guide; a director.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>helms</i> o' the State, who care for you like fathers.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> [Cf. <u>Helve</u>.] <def>A helve.</def> [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]</p>

<p><col><b>Helm amidships</b></col>, <cd>when the tiller, rudder, and keel are in the same plane.</cd> — <col><b>Helm aport</b></col>, <cd>when the tiller is borne over to the port side of the ship.</cd> — <col><b>Helm astarboard</b></col>, <cd>when the tiller is borne to the starboard side.</cd> — <col><b>Helm alee</b></col>, <col><b>Helm aweather</b></col>, <cd>when the tiller is borne over to the lee or to the weather side.</cd> — <col><b>Helm hard alee</b></col> or <col><b>hard aport</b></col>, <col><b>hard astarboard</b></col>, etc., <cd>when the tiller is borne over to the extreme limit.</cd> — <col><b>Helm port</b></col>, <cd>the round hole in a vessel's counter through which the rudderstock passes.</cd> — <col><b>Helm down</b></col>, <cd>helm alee.</cd> — <col><b>Helm up</b></col>, <cd>helm aweather.</cd> — <col><b>To ease the helm</b></col>, <cd>to let the tiller come more amidships, so as to lessen the strain on the rudder.</cd> — <col><b>To feel the helm</b></col>, <cd>to obey it.</cd> — <col><b>To right the helm</b></col>, <cd>to put it amidships.</cd> — <col><b>To shift the helm</b></col>, <cd>to bear the tiller over to the corresponding position on the opposite side of the vessel.</cd> <i>Ham. Nav. Encyc.</i></p>

<p><hw>Helm</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Helmed</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Helming</u>.] <def>To steer; to guide; to direct.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>The business he hath <i>helmed</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>A wild wave . . . overbears the bark,<BR> And him that <i>helms</i> it.</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Helm</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. See <u>Helmet</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A helmet.</def> [Poetic]</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A heavy cloud lying on the brow of a mountain.</def> [Prov. Eng.] <i>Halliwell.</i></p>

<p><hw>Helm</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To cover or furnish with a helm or helmet.</def> [Perh. used only as a <pos><i>past part.</i></pos> or <pos><i>part. adj.</i></pos>]</p>

<p><blockquote>She that <i>helmed</i> was in starke stours.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Helm"age</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Guidance; direction.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Helm"ed</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Covered with a helmet.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>helmed</i> cherubim<BR> Are seen in glittering ranks.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hel"met</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>helmet</i>, a dim of <i>helme</i>, F. <i>heaume</i>; of Teutonic origin; cf. G. <i>helm</i>, akin to AS. & OS. <i>helm</i>, D. <i>helm</i>, <i>helmet</i>, Icel. <i>hj&amacr;lmr</i>, Sw. <i>hjelm</i>, Dan. <i>hielm</i>, Goth. <i>hilms</i>; and prob. from the root of AS. <i>helan</i> to hide, to hele; cf. also Lith. <i>szalmas</i>, Russ. <i>shleme</i>, Skr. <i>&ccedil;arman</i> protection. &radic;17. Cf. <u>Hele</u>, <u>Hell</u>, <u>Helm</u> a helmet.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Armor)</i> <def>A defensive covering for the head. See <u>Casque</u>, <u>Headpiece</u>, <u>Morion</u>, <u>Sallet</u>, and <i>Illust.</i> of <u>Beaver</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Her.)</i> <def>The representation of a helmet over shields or coats of arms, denoting gradations of rank by modifications of form.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A helmet-shaped hat, made of cork, felt, metal, or other suitable material, worn as part of the uniform of soldiers, firemen, etc., also worn in hot countries as a protection from the heat of the sun.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>That which resembles a helmet in form, position, etc.</def>; as: <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>The upper part of a retort.</def> <i>Boyle.</i> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The hood-formed upper sepal or petal of some flowers, as of the monkshood or the snapdragon.</def> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A naked shield or protuberance on the top or fore part of the head of a bird.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Helmet beetle</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a leaf- eating beetle of the family <i>Chrysomelid&aelig;</i>, having a short, broad, and flattened body. Many species are known.</cd> — <col><b>Helmet shell</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>one of many species of tropical marine univalve shells belonging to <i>Cassis</i> and allied genera. Many of them are large and handsome; several are used for cutting as cameos, and hence are called <i>cameo shells</i>. See <u>King conch</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Helmet shrike</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>an African wood shrike of the genus <i>Prionodon</i>, having a large crest.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Hel`met*ed</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Wearing a helmet; furnished with or having a helmet or helmet-shaped part; galeate.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hel"met-shaped`</hw> (&?;), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Shaped like a helmet; galeate. See <i>Illust.</i> of <u>Galeate</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hel"minth</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;, &?;, a worm.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>An intestinal worm, or wormlike intestinal parasite; one of the Helminthes.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hel*min"tha*gogue</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; a worm + &?; to drive.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>A vermifuge.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Hel*min"thes</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, &?;, a worm.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of the grand divisions or branches of the animal kingdom. It is a large group including a vast number of species, most of which are parasitic. Called also <i>Enthelminthes</i>, <i>Enthelmintha</i>.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The following classes are included, with others of less importance: Cestoidea (tapeworms), Trematodea (flukes, etc.), Turbellaria (planarians), Acanthocephala (thornheads), Nematoidea (roundworms, trichina, gordius), Nemertina (nemerteans). See <u>Plathelminthes</u>, and <u>Nemathelminthes</u>.</p>

<p><hw>||Hel`min*thi"a*sis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?; to suffer from worms, fr. &?;, &?;, a worm.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>A disease in which worms are present in some part of the body.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hel*min"thic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>helminthique</i>.] <def>Of or relating to worms, or Helminthes; expelling worms.</def> — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A vermifuge; an anthelmintic.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hel*min"thite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;, &?;, a worm.] <i>(Geol.)</i> <def>One of the sinuous tracks on the surfaces of many stones, and popularly considered as worm trails.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hel*min"thoid</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;, &?;, a worm + <i>-oid</i>.] <def>Wormlike; vermiform.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Hel*min`tho*log"ic</hw> (?), <hw>Hel*min`tho*log"ic*al</hw>, } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>helminthologique</i>.] <def>Of or pertaining to helminthology.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hel`min*thol"o*gist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>helminthologiste</i>.] <def>One versed in helminthology.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hel`min*thol"o*gy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;, &?;, a worm + <i>-logy</i>: cf. F. <i>helminthologie</i>.] <def>The natural history, or study, of worms, esp. parasitic worms.</def></p>

<p><hw>Helm"less</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Destitute of a helmet.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Without a helm or rudder.</def> <i>Carlyle.</i></p>

<p><hw>Helms"man</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Helmsmen</b></plw> (&?;). <def>The man at the helm; a steersman.</def></p>

<p><hw>Helm"wind`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A wind attending or presaged by the cloud called <i>helm</i>.</def> [Prov. Eng.]</p>

<p><hw>He"lot</hw> (?; 277), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>Helotes</i>, <i>Hilotae</i>, pl., fr. Gr. <grk>E'e`lws</grk> and <grk>E'elw`ths</grk> a bondman or serf of the Spartans; so named from <grk>'Elos</grk>, a town of Laconia, whose inhabitants were enslaved; or perh. akin to <grk>e`lei^n</grk> to take, conquer, used as 2d aor. of &?;.] <def>A slave in ancient Sparta; a Spartan serf; hence, a slave or serf.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Those unfortunates, the <i>Helots</i> of mankind, more or less numerous in every community.</blockquote> <i>I. Taylor.</i></p>

<p><hw>He"lot*ism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The condition of the Helots or slaves in Sparta; slavery.</def></p>

<p><hw>He"lot*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The Helots, collectively; slaves; bondsmen.</def> "The <i>Helotry</i> of Mammon." <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><hw>Help</hw> (h&ebreve;lp), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Helped</u> (h&ebreve;lpt) (Obs. <pos><i>imp.</i></pos> <u>Holp</u> (h&omacr;lp), <pos><i>p. p.</i></pos> <u>Holpen</u> (h&omacr;l"p'n)); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Helping</u>.] [AS. <i>helpan</i>; akin to OS. <i>helpan</i>, D. <i>helpen</i>, G. <i>helfen</i>, OHG. <i>helfan</i>, Icel. <i>hj&amacr;lpa</i>, Sw. <i>hjelpa</i>, Dan. <i>hielpe</i>, Goth. <i>hilpan</i>; cf. Lith. <i>szelpti</i>, and Skr. <i>klp</i> to be fitting.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To furnish with strength or means for the successful performance of any action or the attainment of any object; to aid; to assist; as, to <i>help</i> a man in his work; to <i>help</i> one to remember; — the following infinitive is commonly used without <i>to</i>; as, "<i>Help</i> me scale yon balcony."</def> <i>Longfellow.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To furnish with the means of deliverance from trouble; as, to <i>help</i> one in distress; to <i>help</i> one out of prison.</def> "God <i>help</i>, poor souls, how idly do they talk!" <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To furnish with relief, as in pain or disease; to be of avail against; — sometimes with <i>of</i> before a word designating the pain or disease, and sometimes having such a word for the direct object.</def> "To <i>help</i> him of his blindness." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The true calamus <i>helps</i> coughs.</blockquote> <i>Gerarde.</i></p>

<p><! p. 684 !></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To change for the better; to remedy.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Cease to lament for what thou canst not <i>help</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>To prevent; to hinder; as, the evil approaches, and who can <i>help</i> it?</def> <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>To forbear; to avoid.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I can not <i>help</i> remarking the resemblance betwixt him and our author.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <def>To wait upon, as the guests at table, by carving and passing food.</def></p>

<p><col><b>To help forward</b></col>, <cd>to assist in advancing.</cd> — <col><b>To help off</b></col>, <cd>to help to go or pass away, as time; to assist in removing.</cd> <i>Locke.</i> — <col><b>To help on</b></col>, <cd>to forward; to promote by aid.</cd> — <col><b>To help out</b></col>, <cd>to aid, as in delivering from a difficulty, or to aid in completing a design or task.</cd></p>

<p><blockquote>The god of learning and of light<BR> Would want a god himself <i>to help</i> him <i>out</i>.</blockquote> <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p>— <col><b>To help over</b></col>, <cd>to enable to surmount; as, <i>to help</i> one <i>over</i> an obstacle.</cd> — <col><b>To help to</b></col>, <cd>to supply with; to furnish with; as, <i>to help</i> one <i>to</i> soup.</cd> — <col><b>To help up</b></col>, <cd>to help (one) to get up; to assist in rising, as after a fall, and the like.</cd> "A man is well <i>holp up</i> that trusts to you." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — To aid; assist; succor; relieve; serve; support; sustain; befriend. — To <u>Help</u>, <u>Aid</u>, <u>Assist</u>. These words all agree in the idea of affording relief or support to a person under difficulties. <i>Help</i> turns attention especially to the source of relief. If I fall into a pit, I call for <i>help</i>; and he who <i>helps</i> me out does it by an act of his own. <i>Aid</i> turns attention to the other side, and supposes co&ouml;peration on the part of him who is relieved; as, he <i>aided</i> me in getting out of the pit; I got out by the <i>aid</i> of a ladder which he brought. <i>Assist</i> has a primary reference to relief afforded by a person who "stands by" in order to relieve. It denotes both <i>help</i> and <i>aid</i>. Thus, we say of a person who is weak, I <i>assisted</i> him upstairs, or, he mounted the stairs by my <i>assistance</i>. When <i>help</i> is used as a noun, it points less distinctively and exclusively to the source of relief, or, in other words, agrees more closely with <i>aid</i>. Thus we say, I got out of a pit by the <i>help</i> of my friend.</p>

<p><hw>Help</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To lend aid or assistance; to contribute strength or means; to avail or be of use; to assist.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A generous present <i>helps</i> to persuade, as well as an agreeable person.</blockquote> <i>Garth.</i></p>

<p><col><b>To help out</b></col>, <cd>to lend aid; to bring a supply.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Help</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>help</i>; akin to D. <i>hulp</i>, G. <i>h&uuml;lfe</i>, <i>hilfe</i>, Icel. <i>hj&amacr;lp</i>, Sw. <i>hjelp</i>, Dan. <i>hielp</i>. See <u>Help</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Strength or means furnished toward promoting an object, or deliverance from difficulty or distress; aid; ^; also, the person or thing furnishing the aid; as, he gave me a <i>help</i> of fifty dollars.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Give us <i>help</i> from trouble, for vain is the <i>help</i> of man.</blockquote> <i>Ps. lx. 11.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>God is . . . a very present <i>help</i> in trouble.</blockquote> <i>Ps. xlvi. 1.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Virtue is a friend and a <i>help</i> to nature.</blockquote> <i>South.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Remedy; relief; as, there is no <i>help</i> for it.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A helper; one hired to help another; also, thew hole force of hired helpers in any business.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Specifically, a domestic servant, man or woman.</def> [Local, U. S.]</p>

<p><hw>Help"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who, or that which, helps, aids, assists, or relieves; as, a lay <i>helper</i> in a parish.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Thou art the <i>helper</i> of the fatherless.</blockquote> <i>Ps. x. 14.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Compassion . . . oftentimes a <i>helper</i> of evils.</blockquote> <i>Dr. H. More.</i></p>

<p><hw>Help"ful</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Furnishing help; giving aid; assistant; useful; salutary.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Heavens make our presence and our practices<BR> Pleasant and <i>helpful</i> to him!</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p>— <wf>Help"ful*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Help"ful*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Help"less</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Destitute of help or strength; unable to help or defend one's self; needing help; feeble; weak; as, a helpless infant.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>How shall I then your <i>helpless</i> fame defend?</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Beyond help; irremediable.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Some <i>helpless</i> disagreement or dislike, either of mind or body.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Bringing no help; unaiding.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Yet since the gods have been<BR> <i>Helpless</i> foreseers of my plagues.</blockquote> <i>Chapman.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Unsupplied; destitute; — with <i>of</i>.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote><i>Helpless</i> of all that human wants require.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p>— <wf>Help"less*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Help"less*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Help"mate`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [A corruption of the "<i>help meet</i> for him" of <i>Genesis ii. 18.</i><i>Fitzedward Hall.</i>] <def>A helper; a companion; specifically, a wife.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>In Minorca the ass and the hog are common <i>helpmates</i>, and are yoked together in order to turn up the land.</blockquote> <i>Pennant.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>A waiting woman was generally considered as the most suitable <i>helpmate</i> for a parson.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><hw>Help"meet`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Helpmate</u>.] <def>A wife; a helpmate.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The Lord God created Adam, . . . and afterwards, on his finding the want of a <i>helpmeet</i>, caused him to sleep, and took one of his ribs and thence made woman.</blockquote> <i>J. H. Newman.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hel"ter-skel"ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> [An onomat&?;poetic word. Cf. G. <i>holter-polter</i>, D. <i>holder de bolder</i>.] <def>In hurry and confusion; without definite purpose; irregularly.</def> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><blockquote><i>Helter-skelter</i> have I rode to thee.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>A wistaria vine running <i>helter-skelter</i> across the roof.</blockquote> <i>J. C. Harris.</i></p>

<p><hw>Helve</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>helve</i>, <i>helfe</i>, AS. <i>hielf</i>, <i>helf</i>, <i>hylf</i>, cf. OHG. <i>halb</i>; and also E. <i>halter</i>, <i>helm</i> of a rudder.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The handle of an ax, hatchet, or adze.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Iron Working)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The lever at the end of which is the hammer head, in a forge hammer.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A forge hammer which is lifted by a cam acting on the helve between the fulcrum and the head.</def></p>

<p><hw>Helve</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Helved</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Helving</u>.] <def>To furnish with a helve, as an ax.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hel*ve"tian</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Helvetic</u>.</def> — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A Swiss; a Switzer.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hel*ve"tic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>Helveticus</i>, fr. <i>Helvetii</i> the Helvetii.] <def>Of or pertaining to the Helvetii, the ancient inhabitant of the Alps, now Switzerland, or to the modern states and inhabitant of the Alpine regions; as, the <i>Helvetic</i> confederacy; <i>Helvetic</i> states.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Hel"vine</hw> (?), <hw>Hel"vite</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>helvus</i> of a light bay color.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>A mineral of a yellowish color, consisting chiefly of silica, glucina, manganese, and iron, with a little sulphur.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hem</hw> (h&ebreve;m), <pos><i>pron.</i></pos> [OE., fr. AS. <i>him</i>, <i>heom</i>, dative pl. of. <i>h&emacr;</i> he. See <u>He</u>, <u>They</u>.] <def>Them</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hem</hw>, <pos><i>interj.</i></pos> <def>An onomatopoetic word used as an expression of hesitation, doubt, etc. It is often a sort of voluntary half cough, loud or subdued, and would perhaps be better expressed by <i>hm</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Cough or cry <i>hem</i>, if anybody come.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hem</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>An utterance or sound of the voice, <i>hem</i> or <i>hm</i>, often indicative of hesitation or doubt, sometimes used to call attention.</def> "His morning <i>hems</i>." <i>Spectator.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hem</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [&radic;15. See <u>Hem</u>, <pos><i>interj.</i></pos>] <def>To make the sound expressed by the word <i>hem</i>; hence, to hesitate in speaking.</def> "<i>Hem</i>, and stroke thy beard." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hem</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>hem</i>, border, margin; cf. Fries. <i>h&auml;mel</i>, Prov. G. <i>hammel</i> hem of mire or dirt.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The edge or border of a garment or cloth, doubled over and sewed, to strengthen it and prevent raveling.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Border; edge; margin.</def> "<i>Hem</i> of the sea." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A border made on sheet-metal ware by doubling over the edge of the sheet, to stiffen it and remove the sharp edge.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hem</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Hemmed</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Hemming</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To form a hem or border to; to fold and sew down the edge of.</def> <i>Wordsworth.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To border; to edge</def></p>

<p><blockquote>All the skirt about<BR> Was <i>hemmed</i> with golden fringe.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><col><b>To hem about</b></col>, <col><b>around</b></col>, or <col><b>in</b></col>, <cd>to inclose and confine; to surround; to environ.</cd> "With valiant squadrons round <i>about to hem</i>." <i>Fairfax.</i> "<i>Hemmed in</i> to be a spoil to tyranny." <i>Daniel.</i> — <col><b>To hem out</b></col>, <cd>to shut out.</cd> "You can not <i>hem</i> me <i>out</i> of London." <i>J. Webster.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hem"a-</hw> (?). <def>Same as <u>H&aelig;ma-</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hem"a*chate</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>haemachates</i>; Gr. <grk>a"i^ma</grk> blood + &?; agate.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>A species of agate, sprinkled with spots of red jasper.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hem"a*chrome</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>H&aelig;machrome</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hem"a*cite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>a"i^ma</grk> blood.] <def>A composition made from blood, mixed with mineral or vegetable substances, used for making buttons, door knobs, etc.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Hem`a*drom"e*ter</hw> (?), <hw>Hem`a*dro*mom"e*ter</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Hema-</i> + Gr. &?; course + <i>- meter</i>.] <i>(Physiol.)</i> <def>An instrument for measuring the velocity with which the blood moves in the arteries.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Hem`a*drom`e*try</hw> (?), <hw>Hem`a*dro*mom"e*try</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Physiol.)</i> <def>The act of measuring the velocity with which the blood circulates in the arteries; h&aelig;motachometry.</def></p>

<p><hw>He`ma*dy*nam"ics</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Hema-</i> + <i>dynamics</i>.] <i>(Physiol.)</i> <def>The principles of dynamics in their application to the blood; that part of science which treats of the motion of the blood.</def></p>

<p><hw>He`ma*dy"na*mom"e*ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Hema- </i> + <i>dynamometr</i>.] <i>(Physiol.)</i> <def>An instrument by which the pressure of the blood in the arteries, or veins, is measured by the height to which it will raise a column of mercury; — called also a <i>h&aelig;momanometer</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>He"mal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>a"i^ma</grk> blood.] <def>Relating to the blood or blood vessels; pertaining to, situated in the region of, or on the side with, the heart and great blood vessels; — opposed to <i>neural</i>.</def></p>

<p>&fist; As applied to vertebrates, <i>hemal</i> is the same as <i>ventral</i>, the heart and great blood vessels being on the ventral, and the central nervous system on the dorsal, side of the vertebral column.</p>

<p><col><b>Hemal arch</b></col> <i>(Anat.)</i>, <cd>the ventral arch in a segment of the spinal skeleton, formed by vertebral processes or ribs.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Hem`a*ph&aelig;"in</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>H&aelig;maph&aelig;in</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Hem`a*poph"y*sis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Hemapophyses</b></plw> . [NL. See <u>H&aelig;ma-</u>, and <u>Apophysis</u>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>The second element in each half of a hemal arch, corresponding to the sternal part of a rib.</def> <i>Owen.</i> — <wf>Hem`a*po*phys"i*al</wf> (#), <pos><i>a.</i></pos></p>

<p>{ <hw>Hem`a*stat"ic</hw> (?), <hw>Hem`a*stat"ic*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a. & n.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Hemostatic</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hem`a*stat"ics</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Physiol.)</i> <def>Laws relating to the equilibrium of the blood in the blood vessels.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hem`a*ta*chom"e*ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>H&aelig;matachometer</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hem`a*te"in</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;, &?;, blood.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A reddish brown or violet crystalline substance, C<sub>16</sub>H<sub>12</sub>O<sub>6</sub>, got from hematoxylin by partial oxidation, and regarded as analogous to the phthaleins.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Hem`a*tem"e*sis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. <grk>a"i^ma</grk>, <grk>a"i`matos</grk>, blood + &?; a vomiting, fr. &?; to vomit.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>A vomiting of blood.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hem"a*therm</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>a"i^ma</grk> blood + &?; warm.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A warm- blooded animal.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Hem`a*ther"mal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Warm-blooded; hematothermal.</def> [R]</p>

<p><hw>He*mat"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>H&aelig;matic</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>He*mat"ic</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>A medicine designed to improve the condition of the blood.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hem"a*tin</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>a"i^ma</grk>, <grk>a"i`matos</grk>, blood.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Hematoxylin.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Physiol. Chem.)</i> <def>A bluish black, amorphous substance containing iron and obtained from blood. It exists the red blood corpuscles united with globulin, and the form of hemoglobin or oxyhemoglobin gives to the blood its red color.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hem`a*ti*nom"e*ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Hematin</i> + <i>-meter</i>.] <i>(Physiol. Chem.)</i> <def>A form of hemoglobinometer.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hem`a*tin`o*met"ric</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Physiol.)</i> <def>Relating to the measurement of the amount of hematin or hemoglobin contained in blood, or other fluids.</def></p>

<p><hw>He*mat"i*non</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>a"i^ma</grk>, <grk>a"i`matos</grk>, blood.] <def>A red consisting of silica, borax, and soda, fused with oxide of copper and iron, and used in enamels, mosaics, etc.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hem"a*tite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>haematites</i>, Gr. &?; bloodlike, fr. <grk>a"i^ma</grk>, <grk>a"i`matos</grk>, blood.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>An important ore of iron, the sesquioxide, so called because of the red color of the powder. It occurs in splendent rhombohedral crystals, and in massive and earthy forms; — the last called red ocher. Called also <i>specular iron</i>, <i>oligist iron</i>, <i>rhombohedral iron ore</i>, and <i>bloodstone</i>. See <i>Brown hematite</i>, under <u>Brown</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hem`a*tit"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to hematite, or resembling it.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hem"a*to</hw> (?). <def>See <u>H&aelig;ma-</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>He*mat"o*cele</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Hemato-</i> + Gr. &?; tumor: cf. F. <i>h&eacute;matoc&egrave;le</i>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>A tumor filled with blood.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Hem`a*toc"ry*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. <grk>a"i^ma</grk>, <grk>a"i`matos</grk>, blood + <grk>kry`os</grk> cold.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The cold-blooded vertebrates, that is, all but the mammals and birds; — the antithesis to <i>Hematotherma</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hem`a*to*crys"tal*lin</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Hemato</i> + <i>crystalline</i>.] <i>(Physiol.)</i> <def>See <u>Hemoglobin</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hem"a*toid</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Hemato-</i> + <i>-oid</i>.] <i>(Physiol.)</i> <def>Resembling blood.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hem`a*toid"in</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Physiol. Chem.)</i> <def>A crystalline or amorphous pigment, free from iron, formed from hematin in old blood stains, and in old hemorrhages in the body. It resembles bilirubin. When present in the corpora lutea it is called <i>h&aelig;molutein</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hem`a*tol"o*gy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Hemato-</i> + <i>-logy</i>.] <def>The science which treats of the blood.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Hem`a*to"ma</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Hema- </u>, and <u>-oma</u>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>A circumscribed swelling produced by an effusion of blood beneath the skin.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Hem`a*to*phil"i*a</hw> (-t&osl;*f&ibreve;l"&ibreve;*&adot;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. <grk>a"i^ma</grk>, <grk>a"i`matos</grk>, blood + <grk>filei^n</grk> to love.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>A condition characterized by a tendency to profuse and uncontrollable hemorrhage from the slightest wounds.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hem`a*to"sin</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Physiol. Chem.)</i> <def>The hematin of blood.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>||Hem`a*to"sis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. <grk>a"ima`twsis</grk>.] <i>(Physiol.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>Sanguification; the conversion of chyle into blood.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The arterialization of the blood in the lungs; the formation of blood in general; h&aelig;matogenesis.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Hem`a*to*ther"ma</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., from Gr. <grk>a"i^ma</grk>, <grk>a"i`matos</grk>, blood + <grk>thermo`s</grk> warm.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The warm-blooded vertebrates, comprising the mammals and birds; — the antithesis to <i>hematocrya</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hem"a*to*ther"mal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Warm- blooded.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hem`a*tox"y*lin</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>H&aelig;matoxylin.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Hem`a*tu"ri*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Hema-</u>, and <u>Urine</u>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Passage of urine mingled with blood.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hem`au*tog"ra*phy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Physiol.)</i> <def>The obtaining of a curve similar to a pulse curve or sphygmogram by allowing the blood from a divided artery to strike against a piece of paper.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>||Hem*el"y*tron</hw> (? or ?), <hw>||Hem*el"y*trum</hw> (- tr&ubreve;m cf. <u>Elytron</u>, 277), }, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Hemelytra</b></plw> (&?;). [NL. See <u>Hemi</u>, and <u>Elytron</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of the partially thickened anterior wings of certain insects, as of many Hemiptera, the earwigs, etc.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Hem`e*ra*lo"pi*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, the opposite of &?;; &?; day + &?; of &?;. See <u>Nyctalopia</u>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>A disease of the eyes, in consequence of which a person can see clearly or without pain only by daylight or a strong artificial light; day sight.</def></p>

<p>&fist; Some writers (as Quain) use the word in the opposite sense, <i>i. e.</i>, day blindness. See <u>Nyctalopia</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Hem`er*o"bi*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; day + &?; life.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A neuropterous insect of the genus <i>Hemerobius</i>, and allied genera.</def></p>

<p><hw>He*mer"o*bid</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Of relating to the hemerobians.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Hem`e*ro*cal"lis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?;; &?; day + &?; beauty.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A genus of plants, some species of which are cultivated for their beautiful flowers; day lily.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hem"i-</hw> (?). [Gr. <grk>"hmi-</grk>. See <u>Semi-</u>.] <def>A prefix signifying <i>half</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hem`i*al*bu"min</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Hemi-</i> + <i>albumin</i>.] <i>(Physiol. Chem.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Hemialbumose</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hem`i*al"bu"mose`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Hemi-</i> + <i>albumose</i>.] <i>(Physiol. Chem.)</i> <def>An albuminous substance formed in gastric digestion, and by the action of boiling dilute acids on albumin. It is readily convertible into hemipeptone. Called also <i>hemialbumin</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Hem`i*an`&aelig;s*the"si*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Hemi-</i> + <i>an&aelig;sthesia</i>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>An&aelig;sthesia upon one side of the body.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Hem`i*bran"chi</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Hemi-</u>, and <u>Branchia</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>An order of fishes having an incomplete or reduced branchial apparatus. It includes the sticklebacks, the flutemouths, and Fistularia.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Hem`i*car"di*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Hemi-</u>, and <u>Cardia</u>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>A lateral half of the heart, either the right or left.</def> <i>B. G. Wilder.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hem`i*carp</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Hemi-</i> + Gr. &?; fruit.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>One portion of a fruit that spontaneously divides into halves.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Hem`i*cer"e*brum</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Hemi- </i> + <i>cerebrum</i>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>A lateral half of the cerebrum.</def> <i>Wilder.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hem`i*col"lin</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Hemi-</i> + <i>collin</i>.] <i>(Physiol. Chem.)</i> <def>See <u>Semiglutin</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Hem`i*cra"ni*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L.: cf. F. <i>h&eacute;micr&acirc;nie</i>. See <u>Cranium</u>, and <u>Megrim</u>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>A pain that affects only one side of the head.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hem"i*cra`ny</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Hemicranis.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hem"i*cy`cle</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>hemicyclus</i>, Gr. &?;; &?; + &?;.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A half circle; a semicircle.</def></p>

<p><! p. 685 !></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A semicircular place, as a semicircular arena, or room, or part of a room.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The collections will be displayed in the <i>hemicycle</i> of the central pavilion.</blockquote> <i>London Academy.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hem`i*dac"tyl</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Hemi- </u>, and <u>Dactyl</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any species of Old World geckoes of the genus <i>Hemidactylus</i>. The hemidactyls have dilated toes, with two rows of plates beneath.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hem`i-dem`i-sem"i*quaver</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Hemi-</i> + <i>demi-semiquaver</i>.] <i>(Mus.)</i> <def>A short note, equal to one fourth of a semiquaver, or the sixty-fourth part of a whole note.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hem`i*di"tone</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Hemi-</i> + <i>ditone</i>.] <i>(Gr. Mus.)</i> <def>The lesser third.</def> <i>Busby.</i></p>

<p><hw>He*mig"a*mous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Hemi-</i> + Gr. &?; marriage.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Having one of the two florets in the same spikelet neuter, and the other unisexual, whether male or female; — said of grasses.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hem"i*glyph</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Hemi-</i> + Gr. &?; a carving.] <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>The half channel or groove in the edge of the triglyph in the Doric order.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hem`i*he"dral</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Hemi-</i> + Gr. &?; seat, base, fr. &?; to sit.] <i>(Crystallog.)</i> <def>Having half of the similar parts of a crystals, instead of all; consisting of half the planes which full symmetry would require, as when a cube has planes only on <i>half</i> of its eight solid angles, or one plane out of a pair on each of its edges; or as in the case of a tetrahedron, which is <i>hemihedral</i> to an octahedron, it being contained under four of the planes of an octahedron.</def> — <wf>Hem`i*he"dral*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Hem`i*he"drism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Crystallog.)</i> <def>The property of crystallizing hemihedrally.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hem`i*he"dron</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Crystallog.)</i> <def>A solid hemihedrally derived. The tetrahedron is a <i>hemihedron</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hem`i*hol`o*he"dral</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Hemi- </i> + <i>holohedral</i>.] <i>(Crystallog.)</i> <def>Presenting hemihedral forms, in which half the sectants have the full number of planes.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hem`i*mel*lit"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Hemi-</i> + <i>mellitic</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Having <i>half</i> as many (<i>three</i>) carboxyl radicals as <i>mellitic</i> acid; — said of an organic acid.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Hem`i*me*tab"o*la</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Hemi-</u>, and <u>Metabola</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Those insects which have an incomplete metamorphosis.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hem`i*met`a*bol"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Having an incomplete metamorphosis, the larv&aelig; differing from the adults chiefly in laking wings, as in the grasshoppers and cockroaches.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hem`i*mor"phic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Hemi-</i> + Gr. &?; form.] <i>(Crystallog.)</i> <def>Having the two ends modified with unlike planes; — said of a crystal.</def></p>

<p><hw>He"min</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>a"i^ma</grk> blood.] <i>(Physiol. Chem.)</i> <def>A substance, in the form of reddish brown, microscopic, prismatic crystals, formed from dried blood by the action of strong acetic acid and common salt; — called also <i>Teichmann's</i> crystals. Chemically, it is a hydrochloride of hematin.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The obtaining of these small crystals, from old blood clots or suspected blood stains, constitutes one of the best evidences of the presence of blood.</p>

<p><hw>||He*mi"na</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Hemin&aelig;</b></plw> (#). [L., fr. Gr. &?;.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Rom. Antiq.)</i> <def>A measure of half a sextary.</def> <i>Arbuthnot.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>A measure equal to about ten fluid ounces.</def></p>

<p><hw>||He*mi"o*nus</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a half ass, a mule.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A wild ass found in Thibet; the kiang.</def> <i>Darwin.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>||Hem`i*o"pi*a</hw> (?), <hw>Hem`i*op"si*a</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?; half + Gr. &?; sight.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>A defect of vision in consequence of which a person sees but half of an object looked at.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hem`i*or"tho*type</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Hemi-</i> + Gr. &?; straight + <i>-type</i>.] <def>Same as <u>Monoclinic</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hem`i*pep"tone</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Hemi-</i> + <i>peptone</i>.] <i>(Physiol. Chem.)</i> <def>A product of the gastric and pancreatic digestion of albuminous matter.</def></p>

<p>&fist; Unlike antipeptone it is convertible into leucin and tyrosin, by the continued action of pancreatic juice. See <u>Peptone</u>. It is also formed from hemialbumose and albumin by the action of boiling dilute sulphuric acid.</p>

<p><hw>||Hem`i*ple"gi*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>[NL., fr. Gr. &?;; &?; half + &?; a stroke; cf. F. <i>h&eacute;miplagie</i>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>A palsy that affects one side only of the body.</def> — <wf>Hem`i"pleg"ic</wf> (#), <pos><i>a.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Hem"i*ple`gy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Hemiplegia.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hem"i*pode</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Hemi-</i> + Gr. &?;, &?;, foot.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any bird of the genus <i>Turnix</i>. Various species inhabit Asia, Africa, and Australia.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hem`i*pro"te*in</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Hemi-</i> + <i>protein</i>.] <i>(Physiol. Chem.)</i> <def>An insoluble, proteid substance, described by Sch&uuml;tzenberger, formed when albumin is heated for some time with dilute sulphuric acid. It is apparently identical with antialbumid and dyspeptone.</def></p>

<p><hw>He*mip"ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>h&eacute;mipt&egrave;res</i>, pl.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of the Hemiptera.</def></p>

<p><hw>||He*mip"te*ra</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?; half + &?; wing, fr. &?; to fly.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>An order of hexapod insects having a jointed proboscis, including four sharp stylets (mandibles and maxill&aelig;), for piercing. In many of the species (Heteroptera) the front wings are partially coriaceous, and different from the others.</def></p>

<p>&fist; They are divided into the <i>Heteroptera</i>, including the squash bug, soldier bug, bedbug, etc.; the <i>Homoptera</i>, including the cicadas, cuckoo spits, plant lice, scale insects, etc.; the <i>Thysanoptera</i>, including the thrips, and, according to most recent writers, the <i>Pediculina</i> or true lice.</p>

<p>{ <hw>He*mip"ter*al</hw> (?), <hw>He*mip"ter*ous</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to the Hemiptera.</def></p>

<p><hw>He*mip"ter*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of the Hemiptera; an hemipter.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hem`i*sect"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Hemisected</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Hemisecting</u>.] [<i>Hemi-</i> + L. <i>secare</i> to cut.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>To divide along the mesial plane.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hem`i*sec"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>A division along the mesial plane; also, one of the parts so divided.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hem"i*sphere</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>hemisphaerium</i>, Gr. &?;; &?; half = &?; sphere: cf. F. <i>h&eacute;misph&egrave;re</i>. See <u>Hemi-</u>, and <u>Sphere</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A half sphere; one half of a sphere or globe, when divided by a plane passing through its center.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Half of the terrestrial globe, or a projection of the same in a map or picture.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>The people who inhabit a hemisphere.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He died . . . mourned by a <i>hemisphere</i>.</blockquote> <i>J. P. Peters.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Cerebral hemispheres</b></col>. <i>(Anat.)</i> <cd>See <u>Brain</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Magdeburg hemispheres</b></col> <i>(Physics)</i>, <cd>two hemispherical cups forming, when placed together, a cavity from which the air can be withdrawn by an air pump; — used to illustrate the pressure of the air. So called because invented by Otto von Guericke at <i>Magdeburg</i>.</cd></p>

<p>{ <hw>Hem`i*spher"ic</hw> (?), <hw>Hem`i*spher"ic*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>h&eacute;misph&eacute;rique</i>.] <def>Containing, or pertaining to, a hemisphere; as, a <i>hemispheric</i> figure or form; a <i>hemispherical</i> body.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hem`i*sphe"roid</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Hemi-</i> + <i>spheroid</i>.] <def>A half of a spheroid.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hem`i*sphe*roid"al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Resembling, or approximating to, a hemisphere in form.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hem`i*spher"ule</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A half spherule.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hem"i*stich</hw> (?; 277), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>hemistichium</i>, Gr. <grk>"hmisti`chion</grk>; <grk>"hmi-</grk> half + <grk>sti`chos</grk> row, line, verse: cf. F. <i>h&eacute;mistiche</i>.] <def>Half a poetic verse or line, or a verse or line not completed.</def></p>

<p><hw>He*mis"ti*chal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pertaining to, or written in, hemistichs; also, by, or according to, hemistichs; as, a <i>hemistichal</i> division of a verse.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hem`i*sys"to*le</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Physiol.)</i> <def>Contraction of only one ventricle of the heart.</def></p>

<p>&fist; <i>Hemisystole</i> is noticed in rare cases of insufficiency of the mitral valve, in which both ventricles at times contract simultaneously, as in a normal heart, this condition alternating with contraction of the right ventricle alone; hence, <i>intermittent hemisystole</i>.</p>

<p><hw>Hem"i*tone</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>hemitonium</i>, Gr. &?;.] <def>See <u>Semitone</u>.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>He*mit"ro*pal</hw> (?), <hw>He*mit"ro*pous</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See <u>Hemitrope</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Turned half round; half inverted.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Having the raphe terminating about half way between the chalaza and the orifice; amphitropous; — said of an ovule.</def> <i>Gray.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hem"i*trope</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Hemi-</i> + Gr. &?; to turn: cf. F. <i>h&eacute;mitrope</i>.] <def>Half turned round; half inverted; <i>(Crystallog.)</i> having a twinned structure.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hem"i*trope</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>That which is hemitropal in construction; <i>(Crystallog.)</i> a twin crystal having a hemitropal structure.</def></p>

<p><hw>He*mit"ro*py</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Crystallog.)</i> <def>Twin composition in crystals.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hem"lock</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>hemeluc</i>, <i>humloc</i>, AS. <i>hemlic</i>, <i>hymlic</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The name of several poisonous umbelliferous herbs having finely cut leaves and small white flowers, as the <i>Cicuta maculata</i>, <i>bulbifera</i>, and <i>virosa</i>, and the <i>Conium maculatum</i>. See <u>Conium</u>.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The potion of <i>hemlock</i> administered to Socrates is by some thought to have been a decoction of <i>Cicuta virosa</i>, or <i>water hemlock</i>, by others, of <i>Conium maculatum</i>.</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>An evergreen tree common in North America (<i>Abies, or Tsuga, Canadensis</i>); hemlock spruce.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The murmuring pines and the <i>hemlocks</i>.</blockquote> <i>Longfellow.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>The wood or timber of the hemlock tree.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Ground hemlock</b></col>, or <col><b>Dwarf hemlock</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Ground</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Hem"mel</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Scot. <i>hemmel</i>, <i>hammel</i>, Prov. E. <i>hemble</i> hovel, stable, shed, perh. allied to D. <i>hemel</i> heaven, canopy, G. <i>himmel</i>; cf. E. <i>heaven</i>. &radic;14.] <def>A shed or hovel for cattle.</def> [Prov. Eng.] <i>Wright.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hem"mer</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who, or that which, hems with a needle.</def> Specifically: <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>An attachment to a sewing machine, for turning under the edge of a piece of fabric, preparatory to stitching it down.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A tool for turning over the edge of sheet metal to make a hem.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hem"o-</hw> (?). <def>Same as <u>H&aelig;ma-</u>, <u>H&aelig;mo-</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hem"o*glo"bin</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Hemo-</i> + <i>globe</i>.] <i>(Physiol.)</i> <def>The normal coloring matter of the red blood corpuscles of vertebrate animals. It is composed of hematin and globulin, and is also called <i>h&aelig;matoglobulin</i>. In arterial blood, it is always combined with oxygen, and is then called <i>oxyhemoglobin</i>. It crystallizes under different forms from different animals, and when crystallized, is called <i>h&aelig;matocrystallin</i>. See <i>Blood crystal</i>, under <u>Blood</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hem`o*glo"bin*om"e*ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Physiol. Chem.)</i> <def>Same as <u>H&aelig;mochromometer</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Hem`o*phil"i*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Hematophilia</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>He*mop"ty*sis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. <grk>a"i^ma</grk> blood + &?; to spit: cf. F. <i>h&eacute;moptysie</i>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>The expectoration of blood, due usually to hemorrhage from the mucous membrane of the lungs.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hem"or*rhage</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>haemorrhagia</i>, Gr. <grk>a"imorragi`a</grk>; <grk>a"i^ma</grk> blood + <grk>"rhgny`nai</grk> to break, burst: cf. F. <i>h&eacute;morragie</i>, <i>h&eacute;morrhagie</i>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Any discharge of blood from the blood vessels.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The blood circulates in a system of closed tubes, the rupture of which gives rise to hemorrhage.</p>

<p><hw>Hem`or*rhag"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>a"imorragiko`s</grk>: cf. F. <i>h&eacute;morrhagique</i>.] <def>Pertaining or tending to a flux of blood; consisting in, or accompanied by, hemorrhage.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hem`or*rhoid"al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>h&eacute;morro&iuml;dal</i>, <i>h&eacute;morrho&iuml;dal</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Of or pertaining to, or of the nature of, hemorrhoids.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to the rectum; rectal; as, the <i>hemorrhoidal</i> arteries, veins, and nerves.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hem"or*rhoids</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [L. <i>haemorrhoidae</i>, pl., Gr. &?;, sing., &?; (sc. &?;), pl., veins liable to discharge blood, hemorrhoids, fr. &?; flowing with blood; <grk>a"i^ma</grk> blood + &?; to flow: cf. F. <i>h&eacute;morro&iuml;des</i>, <i>h&eacute;morrho&iuml;des</i>. See <u>Rheum</u>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Livid and painful swellings formed by the dilation of the blood vessels around the margin of, or within, the anus, from which blood or mucus is occasionally discharged; piles; emerods.</def> [The sing. <singw><b>hemorrhoid</b></singw> is rarely used.]</p>

<p><hw>Hem`o*stat"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Hemo-</i> + Gr. <grk>statiko`s</grk> causing to stand, fr. &?; to stand.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Of or relating to stagnation of the blood.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Serving to arrest hemorrhage; styptic.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hem`o*stat"ic</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A medicine or application to arrest hemorrhage.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hem`o*tho"rax</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Hemo- </u>, and <u>Thorax</u>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>An effusion of blood into the cavity of the pleura.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hemp</hw> (h&ebreve;mp), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>hemp</i>, AS. <i>henep</i>, <i>h&aelig;nep</i>; akin to D. <i>hennep</i>, OHG. <i>hanaf</i>, G. <i>hanf</i>, Icel. <i>hampr</i>, Dan. <i>hamp</i>, Sw. <i>hampa</i>, L. <i>cannabis</i>, <i>cannabum</i>, Gr. <grk>ka`nnabis</grk>, <grk>ka`nnabos</grk>; cf. Russ. <i>konoplia</i>, Skr. <i>&ccedil;a&nsdot;a</i>; all prob. borrowed from some other language at an early time. Cf. <u>Cannabine</u>, <u>Canvas</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A plant of the genus <i>Cannabis</i> (<i>C. sativa</i>), the fibrous skin or bark of which is used for making cloth and cordage. The name is also applied to various other plants yielding fiber.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The fiber of the skin or rind of the plant, prepared for spinning. The name has also been extended to various fibers resembling the true hemp.</def></p>

<p><col><b>African hemp</b></col>, <col><b>Bowstring hemp</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>African</u>, and <u>Bowstring</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Bastard hemp</b></col>, <cd>the Asiatic herb <i>Datisca cannabina</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Canada hemp</b></col>, <cd>a species of dogbane (<i>Apocynum cannabinum</i>), the fiber of which was used by the Indians.</cd> — <col><b>Hemp agrimony</b></col>, <cd>a coarse, composite herb of Europe (<i>Eupatorium cannabinum</i>), much like the American boneset.</cd> — <col><b>Hemp nettle</b></col>, <cd>a plant of the genus <i>Galeopsis</i> (<i>G. Tetrahit</i>), belonging to the Mint family.</cd> — <col><b>Indian hemp</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Indian</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos></cd> — <col><b>Manila hemp</b></col>, <cd>the fiber of <i>Musa textilis</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Sisal hemp</b></col>, <cd>the fiber of <i>Agave sisalana</i>, of Mexico and Yucatan.</cd> — <col><b>Sunn hemp</b></col>, <cd>a fiber obtained from a leguminous plant (<i>Crotalaria juncea</i>).</cd> — <col><b>Water hemp</b></col>, <cd>an annual American weed (<i>Acnida cannabina</i>), related to the amaranth.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Hemp"en</hw> (-'n), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Made of hemp; as, a <i>hempen</i> cord.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Like hemp.</def> "Beat into a <i>hempen</i> state." <i>Cook.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hemp"y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Like hemp.</def> [R.] <i>Howell.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hem*self"</hw> (?), <hw>Hem*selve"</hw> (&?;), <hw>Hem*selv"en</hw> (&?;), <pos><i>pron. pl</i></pos>. [See <u>Hem</u>, <pos><i>pron.</i></pos>] <def>Themselves; — used reflexively.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hem"stitch</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Hemstitched</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Hemstitching</u>.] [<i>Hem</i> + <i>stitch</i>.] <def>To ornament at the head of a broad hem by drawing out a few parallel threads, and fastening the cross threads in successive small clusters; as, to <i>hemstitch</i> a handkerchief.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hem"stitched</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having a broad hem separated from the body of the article by a line of open work; as, a <i>hemistitched</i> handkerchief.</def></p>

<p><hw>He"muse</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The roebuck in its third year.</def> [Prov. Eng.]</p>

<p><hw>Hen</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>henn</i>, <i>hen</i>, <i>h&aelig;n</i>; akin to D. <i>hen</i>, OHG. <i>henna</i>, G. <i>henne</i>, Icel. <i>h&?;na</i>, Dan. <i>h&ouml;na</i>; the fem. corresponding to AS. <i>hana</i> cock, D. <i>haan</i>, OHG. <i>hano</i>, G. <i>hahn</i>, Icel. <i>hani</i>, Dan. & Sw. <i>hane</i>. Prob. akin to L. <i>canere</i> to sing, and orig. meaning, a singer. Cf. <u>Chanticleer</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The female of the domestic fowl; also, the female of grouse, pheasants, or any kind of birds; as, the heath <i>hen</i>; the gray <i>hen</i>.</def></p>

<p>&fist; Used adjectively or in combination to indicate the female; as, <i>hen</i> canary, <i>hen</i> eagle, <i>hen</i> turkey, pea<i>hen</i>.</p>

<p><col><b>Hen clam</b></col>. <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>A clam of the <i>Mactra</i>, and allied genera; the sea clam or surf clam. See <u>Surf clam</u>.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>A California clam of the genus <i>Pachydesma</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Hen driver</b></col>. <cd>See <i>Hen harrier</i> (below).</cd> — <col><b>Hen harrier</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a hawk (<i>Circus cyaneus</i>), found in Europe and America; — called also <i>dove hawk</i>, <i>henharm</i>, <i>henharrow</i>, <i>hen driver</i>, and usually, in America, <i>marsh hawk</i>. See <u>Marsh hawk</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Hen hawk</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>one of several species of large hawks which capture hens; esp., the American red-tailed hawk (<i>Buteo borealis</i>), the red-shouldered hawk (<i>B. lineatus</i>), and the goshawk.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Hen"bane`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Hen</i> + <i>bane</i>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A plant of the genus <i>Hyoscyamus</i> (<i>H. niger</i>). All parts of the plant are poisonous, and the leaves are used for the same purposes as belladonna. It is poisonous to domestic fowls; whence the name. Called also, <i>stinking nightshade</i>, from the fetid odor of the plant. See <u>Hyoscyamus</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hen"bit`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A weed of the genus <i>Lamium</i> (<i>L. amplexicaule</i>) with deeply crenate leaves.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hence</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> [OE. <i>hennes</i>, <i>hens</i> (the <i>s</i> is prop. a genitive ending; cf. <u>- wards</u>), also <i>hen</i>, <i>henne</i>, <i>hennen</i>, <i>heonnen</i>, <i>heonene</i>, AS. <i>heonan</i>, <i>heonon</i>, <i>heona</i>, <i>hine</i>; akin to OHG. <i>hinn&amacr;n</i>, G. <i>hinnen</i>, OHG. <i>hina</i>, G. <i>hin</i>; all from the root of E. <i>he</i>. See <u>He</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>From this place; away.</def> "Or that we <i>hence</i> wend." <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Arise, let us go <i>hence</i>.</blockquote> <i>John xiv. 31.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>I will send thee far <i>hence</i> unto the Gentiles.</blockquote> <i>Acts xxii. 21.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>From this time; in the future; as, a week <i>hence</i>.</def> "Half an hour <i>hence</i>." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><! p. 686 !></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>From this reason; as an inference or deduction.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Hence</i>, perhaps, it is, that Solomon calls the fear of the Lord the beginning of wisdom.</blockquote> <i>Tillotson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>From this source or origin.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>All other faces borrowed <i>hence</i><BR> Their light and grace.</blockquote> <i>Suckling.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Whence come wars and fightings among you? Come they not <i>hence</i>, even of your lusts?</blockquote> <i>James. iv. 1.</i></p>

<p>&fist; <i>Hence</i> is used, elliptically and imperatively, for <i>go hence</i>; <i>depart hence</i>; <i>away</i>; <i>be gone</i>. "<i>Hence</i> with your little ones." <i>Shak.</i> — <i>From hence</i>, though a pleonasm, is fully authorized by the usage of good writers.</p>

<p><blockquote>An ancient author prophesied <i>from hence</i>.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Expelled <i>from hence</i> into a world<BR> Of woe and sorrow.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hence</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To send away.</def> [Obs.] <i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hence`forth"</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>From this time forward; henceforward.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I never from thy side <i>henceforth</i> to stray.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hence`for"ward</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>From this time forward; henceforth.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hench"boy`</hw> (h&ebreve;nch"boi`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A page; a servant.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Hench"man</hw> (-m<i>a</i>n), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>-men</b></plw> (#). [OE. <i>hencheman</i>, <i>henxman</i>; prob. fr. OE. & AS. <i>hengest</i> horse + E. <i>man</i>, and meaning, a groom. AS. <i>hengest</i> is akin to D. & G. <i>hengst</i> stallion, OHG. <i>hengist</i> horse, gelding.] <def>An attendant; a servant; a follower. Now chiefly used as a political cant term.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hen"coop`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A coop or cage for hens.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hende</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [OE., near, handy, kind, fr. AS. <i>gehende</i> near, fr. <i>hand</i> hand. See <u>Handy</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Skillful; dexterous; clever.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Friendly; civil; gentle; kind.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hen*dec"a*gon</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; eleven + &?; angle: cf. F. <i>hend&eacute;cagone</i>.] <i>(Geom.)</i> <def>A plane figure of eleven sides and eleven angles.</def> [Written also <i>endecagon</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Hen"de*cane</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>"e`ndeka</grk> eleven.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A hydrocarbon, C<sub>11</sub>H<sub>24</sub>, of the paraffin series; — so called because it has eleven atoms of carbon in each molecule. Called also <i>endecane</i>, <i>undecane</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hen*dec`a*syl*lab"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pertaining to a line of eleven syllables.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hen*dec"a*syl`la*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>hendecasyllabus</i>, Gr. &?; eleven-syllabled; &?; eleven + &?; syllable: cf. F. <i>hend&eacute;casyllabe</i>.] <def>A metrical line of eleven syllables.</def> <i>J. Warton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hen*dec`a*to"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See <u>Hendecane</u>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Undecylic; pertaining to, or derived from, hendecane; as, <i>hendecatoic</i> acid.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hen*di"a*dys</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?; &?; &?; one by two.] <i>(Gram.)</i> <def>A figure in which the idea is expressed by two nouns connected by <i>and</i>, instead of by a noun and limiting adjective; as, we drink from <i>cups and gold</i>, for <i>golden cups</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hen"dy</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Obs.] <def>See <u>Hende</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hen"en</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>Hence.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hen"fish`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A marine fish; the sea bream.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A young bib. See <u>Bib</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, 2.</def></p>

<p><hw>Heng</hw> (?), obs. <pos><i>imp.</i></pos> of <u>Hang</u>. <def>Hung.</def> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hen"-heart`ed</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Cowardly; timid; chicken-hearted.</def> <i>Udall.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hen"house`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Henhouses</b></plw>. <def>A house or shelter for fowls.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hen"hus`sy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A cotquean; a man who intermeddles with women's concerns.</def></p>

<p><hw>He*ni"quen</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Jeniquen</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hen"na</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Ar. <i>hinn&amacr;</i> alcanna (<i>Lawsonia inermis or alba</i>). Cf. <u>Alcanna</u>, <u>Alkanet</u>, <u>Orchanet</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A thorny tree or shrub of the genus <i>Lawsonia</i> (<i>L. alba</i>). The fragrant white blossoms are used by the Buddhists in religious ceremonies. The powdered leaves furnish a red coloring matter used in the East to stain the nails and fingers, the manes of horses, etc.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Com.)</i> <def>The leaves of the henna plant, or a preparation or dyestuff made from them.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hen"ner*y</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>An inclosed place for keeping hens.</def> [U. S.]</p>

<p><hw>Hen"nes</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>Hence.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hen`no*tan"nic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Henna</i> + <i>tannic</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, a brown resinous substance resembling tannin, and extracted from the henna plant; as, <i>hennotannic</i> acid.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>He*nog"e* ny</hw> (?), <hw>Hen`o*gen"e*sis</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>e"i`s</grk>, masc., <grk>"e`n</grk>, neut., one + root of &?; to be born.] <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Ontogeny</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hen"o*the*ism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>e"i`s</grk>, <grk>"enos`</grk>, one + E. <i>theism</i>.] <def>Primitive religion in which each of several divinities is regarded as independent, and is worshiped without reference to the rest.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>He*not"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to unite, fr. <grk>e"i`s</grk> one.] <def>Harmonizing; irenic.</def> <i>Gladstone.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hen"peck`</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Henpecked</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb.</i></pos> <u>Henpecking</u>.] <def>To subject to petty authority; — said of a wife who thus treats her husband. Commonly used in the past participle (often adjectively).</def></p>

<p><hw>Hen"roost`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A place where hens roost.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hen"ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Henrys</b></plw>. [From Joseph <i>Henry</i>, an American physicist.] <def>The unit of electric induction; the induction in a circuit when the electro-motive force induced in this circuit is one volt, while the inducing current varies at the rate of one amp&egrave;re a second.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hen's-foot`</hw> (&?;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>An umbelliferous plant (<i>Caucalis daucoides</i>).</def></p>

<p><hw>Hent</hw> (h&ebreve;nt), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp.</i></pos> <u>Hente</u>; <pos><i>p. p.</i></pos> <u>Hent</u>.] [OE. <i>hente</i>, <i>henten</i>, fr. AS. <i>hentan</i>, <i>gehentan</i>, to pursue, take, seize; cf. Icel. <i>henda</i>, Goth. <i>hinpan</i> (in compos.), and E. <i>hunt</i>.] <def>To seize; to lay hold on; to catch; to get.</def> [Obs.] <i>Piers Plowman.</i> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>This cursed Jew him <i>hente</i> and held him fast.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>But all that he might of his friendes <i>hente</i><BR> On bookes and on learning he it spente.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hen"ware`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A coarse, blackish seaweed. See <u>Badderlocks</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Henx"man</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Henchman.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Hep</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Hip</u>, the fruit of the dog-rose.</def></p>

<p><hw>||He"par</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>hepar</i>, <i>hepatis</i>, the liver, Gr. &?;.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Old Chem.)</i> <def>Liver of sulphur; a substance of a liver-brown color, sometimes used in medicine. It is formed by fusing sulphur with carbonates of the alkalies (esp. potassium), and consists essentially of alkaline sulphides. Called also <i>hepar sulphuris</i> (&?;).</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Any substance resembling hepar proper, in appearance; specifically, in homeopathy, calcium sulphide, called also <i>hepar sulphuris calcareum</i> (&?;).</def></p>

<p><col><b>Hepar antimonii</b></col> (&?;) <i>(Old Chem.)</i>, <cd>a substance, of a liver-brown color, obtained by fusing together antimony sulphide with alkaline sulphides, and consisting of sulphantimonites of the alkalies; — called also <i>liver of antimony</i>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>He*pat"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>hepaticus</i>, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; the liver; akin to L. <i>jecur</i>, Skr. <i>yak&?;t</i>: cf. F. <i>h&eacute;patique</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Of or pertaining to the liver; as, <i>hepatic</i> artery; <i>hepatic</i> diseases.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Resembling the liver in color or in form; as, <i>hepatic</i> cinnabar.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Pertaining to, or resembling, the plants called <i>Hepatic&aelig;</i>, or scale mosses and liverworts.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Hepatic duct</b></col> <i>(Anat.)</i>, <cd>any biliary duct; esp., the duct, or one of the ducts, which carries the bile from the liver to the cystic and common bile ducts. See <i>Illust.</i>, under <u>Digestive</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Hepatic gas</b></col> <i>(Old Chem.)</i>, <cd>sulphureted hydrogen gas.</cd> — <col><b>Hepatic mercurial ore</b></col>, or <col><b>Hepatic cinnabar</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Cinnabar</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>||He*pat"i*ca</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Hepatic&aelig;</b></plw> (#). [NL. See <u>Hepatic</u>. So called in allusion to the shape of the lobed leaves or fronds.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A genus of pretty spring flowers closely related to Anemone; squirrel cup.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(bot.)</i> <def>Any plant, usually procumbent and mosslike, of the cryptogamous class <i>Hepatic&aelig;</i>; — called also <i>scale moss</i> and <i>liverwort</i>. See <u>Hepatic&aelig;</u>, in the Supplement.</def></p>

<p><hw>He*pat"ic*al</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Hepatic.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Hep"a*tite</hw> (?; 277), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>hepatitis</i> an unknown precious stone, Gr. &?;, fr. &?;, &?;, the liver: cf. F. <i>h&eacute;patite</i>.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>A variety of barite emitting a fetid odor when rubbed or heated.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Hep`a*ti"tis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, &?;, liver + <i>-itis</i>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Inflammation of the liver.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hep`a*ti*za"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Impregnating with sulphureted hydrogen gas.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> [Cf. F. <i>h&eacute;patisation</i>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Conversion into a substance resembling the liver; a state of the lungs when gorged with effused matter, so that they are no longer pervious to the air.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hep"a*tize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Hepatized</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Hepatizing</u> (?).] [Gr. &?; to be like the liver, to be liver-colored, fr. &?;, &?;, the liver: cf. E. <i>hepatite</i>, and (for sense 2) F. <i>h&eacute;patiser</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To impregnate with sulphureted hydrogen gas, formerly called <i>hepatic</i> gas.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>On the right . . . were two wells of <i>hepatized</i> water.</blockquote> <i>Barrow.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To gorge with effused matter, as the lungs.</def></p>

<p><hw>He*pat"o*cele</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;, &?;, the liver + &?; tumor.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Hernia of the liver.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hep`a*to*cys"tic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Hepatic</i> + <i>cystic</i>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to the liver and gall bladder; as, the <i>hepatocystic</i> ducts.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hep`a*to*gas"tric</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Hepatic</i> + <i>gastric</i>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>See <u>Gastrohepatic</u>.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Hep`a*to*gen"ic</hw> (?), <hw>Hep`a*tog"e*nous</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>"h^par</grk>, <grk>"h`patos</grk>, the liver + root of <grk>gi`gnesthai</grk> to be born] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Arising from the liver; due to a condition of the liver; as, <i>hepatogenic</i> jaundice.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hep`a*tol"o*gy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>"h^par</grk>, <grk>"h`patos</grk>, the liver + <i>-logy</i>.] <def>The science which treats of the liver; a treatise on the liver.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hep"a*to-pan"cre*as</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>"h^par</grk>, <grk>"h`patos</grk>, the liver + E. <i>pancreas</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A digestive gland in Crustacea, Mollusca, etc., usually called the liver, but different from the liver of vertebrates.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hep`a*to*re"nal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Hepat</i>ic + <i>renal</i>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to the liver and kidneys; as, the <i>hepatorenal</i> ligament.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hep`a*tos"co*py</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;; fr. <grk>"h^par</grk>, <grk>"h`patos</grk>, the liver + &?; to view: cf. F. <i>h&eacute;patoscopie</i>.] <def>Divination by inspecting the liver of animals.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hep"pen</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. AS. <i>geh&aelig;p</i> fit, Icel. <i>heppinn</i> lucky, E. <i>happy</i>.] <def>Neat; fit; comfortable.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Hep"per</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Etymol. uncertain.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A young salmon; a parr.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hep"ta</hw> (?). [See <u>Seven</u>.] <def>A combining form from Gr. <grk>"epta`</grk>, seven.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hep"ta*chord</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>"epta`xordos</grk> seven-stringed; <grk>"epta`</grk> seven + <grk>xordh`</grk> chord: cf. F. <i>heptacorde</i>. See <u>Seven</u>, and <u>Chord</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Anc. Mus.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A system of seven sounds.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A lyre with seven chords.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Anc. Poet.)</i> <def>A composition sung to the sound of seven chords or tones.</def> <i>Moore (Encyc. of Music).</i></p>

<p><hw>Hep"tad</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>heptas</i> the number seven. Gr. &?;, &?;, fr. <grk>"epta`</grk> seven.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>An atom which has a valence of seven, and which can be theoretically combined with, substituted for, or replaced by, <i>seven</i> monad atoms or radicals; as, iodine is a <i>heptad</i> in iodic acid. Also used as an adjective.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hep"tade</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>heptade</i>. See <u>Heptad</u>.] <def>The sum or number of seven.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hep"ta*glot</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;; <grk>"epta`</grk> seven + 3, &?;, tongue, language.] <def>A book in seven languages.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hep"ta*gon</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; sevencornered; <grk>"epta`</grk> seven + &?; angle: cf. F. <i>heptagone</i>.] <i>(Geom.)</i> <def>A plane figure consisting of seven sides and having seven angles.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hep*tag"o*nal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>heptagonal</i>.] <def>Having seven angles or sides.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Heptagonal numbers</b></col> <i>(Arith.)</i>, <cd>the numbers of the series 1, 7, 18, 34, 55, etc., being figurate numbers formed by adding successively the terms of the arithmetical series 1, 6, 11, 16, 21, etc.</cd></p>

<p><hw>||Hep`ta*gyn"i*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. <grk>"epta`</grk> seven + &?; woman, female: cf. F. <i>heptagunie</i>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A Linn&aelig;an order of plants having seven pistils.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Hep`ta*gyn"i*an</hw> (?), <hw>Hep*tag"y*nous</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>heptagyne</i>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Having seven pistils.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hep`ta*he"dron</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Hepta-</i> + Gr. &?; seat, base, fr. &?; to sit: cf. F. <i>hepta&egrave;dre</i>.] <i>(Geom.)</i> <def>A solid figure with seven sides.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hep*tam"er*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Hepta-</i> + Gr. &?; part.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Consisting of seven parts, or having the parts in sets of sevens.</def> <i>Gray.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Hep*tan"dri*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. <grk>"epta`</grk> seven + &?;, &?;, man, male: cf. F. <i>heptandrie</i>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A Linn&aelig;an class of plants having seven stamens.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Hep*tan"dri*an</hw> (?), <hw>Hep*tan"drous</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>heptandre</i>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Having seven stamens.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hep"tane</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>"epta`</grk> seven.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Any one of several isometric hydrocarbons, C<sub>7</sub>H<sub>16</sub>, of the paraffin series (nine are possible, four are known); — so called because the molecule has <i>seven</i> carbon atoms. Specifically, a colorless liquid, found as a constituent of petroleum, in the tar oil of cannel coal, etc.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hep*tan"gu*lar</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Hepta-</i> + <i>angular</i>: cf. F. <i>heptangulaire</i>. Cf. <u>Septangular</u>.] <def>Having seven angles.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hep*taph"yl*lous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Hepta-</i> + Gr. &?; leaf: cf. F. <i>heptaphylle</i>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Having seven leaves.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hep"tarch</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Heptarchist</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hep*tar"chic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>heptarchique</i>.] <def>Of or pertaining to a heptarchy; constituting or consisting of a heptarchy.</def> <i>T. Warton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hep"tarch*ist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A ruler of one division of a heptarchy.</def> [Written also <i>heptarch</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Hep"tarch*y</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Hepta-</i> + <i>-archy</i>: cf. F. <i>heptarchie</i>.] <def>A government by seven persons; also, a country under seven rulers.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The word is most commonly applied to England, when it was divided into seven kingdoms; as, the Saxon <i>heptachy</i>, which consisted of Kent, the South Saxons (Sussex), West Saxons (Wessex), East Saxons (Essex), the East Angles, Mercia, and Northumberland.</p>

<p><hw>Hep`ta*sper"mous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Hepta-</i> + Gr. &?; a seed.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Having seven seeds.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hep"ta*stich</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Hepta-</i> + Gr. <grk>sti`chos</grk> line, verse.] <i>(Pros.)</i> <def>A composition consisting of seven lines or verses.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hep"ta*teuch</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>heptateuchos</i>, Gr. <grk>"epta`</grk> seven + &?; tool, book; &?; to prepare, make, work: cf. F. <i>heptateuque</i>.] <def>The first seven books of the Testament.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hep*tav"a*lent</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Hepta-</i> + L. <i>valens</i>, p. pr. See <u>Valence</u>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Having seven units of attractive force or affinity; — said of <i>heptad</i> elements or radicals.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hep"tene</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>"epta`</grk> seven.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Heptylene</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hep"tine</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Hept</i>ane + <i>- ine</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Any one of a series of unsaturated metameric hydrocarbons, C<sub>7</sub>H<sub>12</sub>, of the acetylene series.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hep*to"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, heptane; as, <i>heptoic</i> acid.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hep"tone</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>"epta`</grk> seven.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A liquid hydrocarbon, C<sub>7</sub>H<sub>10</sub>, of the valylene series.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hep" tree`</hw> (?). [See <u>Hep</u>.] <def>The wild dog- rose.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hep"tyl</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Hepta-</i> + <i>- yl</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A compound radical, C<sub>7</sub>H<sub>15</sub>, regarded as the essential radical of heptane and a related series of compounds.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hep"tyl*ene</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A colorless liquid hydrocarbon, C<sub>7</sub>H<sub>14</sub>, of the ethylene series; also, any one of its isomers. Called also <i>heptene</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hep*tyl"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, heptyl or heptane; as, <i>heptylic</i> alcohol. Cf. <u>&OElig;nanthylic</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Her</hw> (?), <pos><i>pron. & a.</i></pos> [OE. <i>hire</i>, <i>here</i>, <i>hir</i>, <i>hure</i>, gen. and dat. sing., AS. <i>hire</i>, gen. and dat. sing. of <i>h&eacute;o</i> she. from the same root as E. <i>he</i>. See <u>He</u>.] <def>The form of the objective and the possessive case of the personal pronoun <i>she</i>; as, I saw <i>her</i> with <i>her</i> purse out.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The possessive <i>her</i> takes the form <i>hers</i> when the noun with which in agrees is not given, but implied. "And what his fortune wanted, <i>hers</i> could mend." <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Her</hw>, <hw>Here</hw> (&?;), <pos><i>pron. pl.</i></pos> [OE. <i>here</i>, <i>hire</i>, AS. <i>heora</i>, <i>hyra</i>, gen. pl. of <i>h&emacr;</i>. See <u>He</u>.] <def>Of them; their.</def> [Obs.] <i>Piers Plowman.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>On <i>here</i> bare knees adown they fall.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>He*rac"le*on*ite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Eccl. Hist.)</i> <def>A follower of Heracleon of Alexandria, a Judaizing Gnostic, in the early history of the Christian church.</def></p>

<p><hw>He*rak"line</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; Hercules.] <def>A picrate compound, used as an explosive in blasting.</def></p>

<p><hw>Her"ald</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>herald</i>, <i>heraud</i>, OF. <i>heralt</i>, <i>heraut</i>, <i>herault</i>, F. <i>h&eacute;raut</i>, LL. <i>heraldus</i>, <i>haraldus</i>, fr. (assumed) OHG. <i>heriwalto</i>, <i>hariwaldo</i>, a (civil) officer who serves the army; <i>hari</i>, <i>heri</i>, army + <i>waltan</i> to manage, govern, G. <i>walten</i>; akin to E. <i>wield</i>. See <u>Harry</u>, <u>Wield</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Antiq.)</i> <def>An officer whose business was to denounce or proclaim war, to challenge to battle, to proclaim peace, and to bear messages from the commander of an army. He was invested with a sacred and inviolable character.</def></p>

<p><! p. 687 !></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>In the Middle Ages, the officer charged with the above duties, and also with the care of genealogies, of the rights and privileges of noble families, and especially of armorial bearings. In modern times, some vestiges of this office remain, especially in England. See <i>Heralds' College</i> (below), and <u>King-at-Arms</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A proclaimer; one who, or that which, publishes or announces; as, the <i>herald</i> of another's fame.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>A forerunner; a a precursor; a harbinger.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>It was the lark, the <i>herald</i> of the morn.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>Any messenger.</def> "My <i>herald</i> is returned." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Heralds' College</b></col>, <cd>in England, an ancient corporation, dependent upon the crown, instituted or perhaps recognized by Richard III. in 1483, consisting of the three Kings-at- Arms and the Chester, Lancaster, Richmond, Somerset, Windsor, and York Heralds, together with the Earl Marshal. This retains from the Middle Ages the charge of the armorial bearings of persons privileged to bear them, as well as of genealogies and kindred subjects; — called also <i>College of Arms</i>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Her"ald</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Heralded</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Heralding</u>.] [Cf. OF. <i>herauder</i>, <i>heraulder</i>.] <def>To introduce, or give tidings of, as by a herald; to proclaim; to announce; to foretell; to usher in.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>He*ral"dic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>h&eacute;raldique</i>.] <def>Of or pertaining to heralds or heraldry; as, <i>heraldic</i> blazoning; <i>heraldic</i> language.</def> <i>T. Warton.</i></p>

<p><hw>He*ral"dic*al*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In an heraldic manner; according to the rules of heraldry.</def></p>

<p><hw>Her"ald*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The art or office of a herald; the art, practice, or science of recording genealogies, and blazoning arms or ensigns armorial; also, of marshaling cavalcades, processions, and public ceremonies.</def></p>

<p><hw>Her"ald*ship</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The office of a herald.</def> <i>Selden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Her"a*path*ite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Named after Dr. <i>Herapath</i>, the discoverer.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>The sulphate of iodoquinine, a substance crystallizing in thin plates remarkable for their effects in polarizing light.</def></p>

<p><hw>Her"aud</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A herald.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Herb</hw> (?; 277), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>herbe</i>, <i>erbe</i>, OF. <i>herbe</i>, <i>erbe</i>, F. <i>herbe</i>, L. <i>herba</i>; perh. akin to Gr. <grk>forbh`</grk> food, pasture, <grk>fe`rbein</grk> to feed.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A plant whose stem does not become woody and permanent, but dies, at least down to the ground, after flowering.</def></p>

<p>&fist; Annual herbs live but one season; biennial herbs flower the second season, and then die; perennial herbs produce new stems year after year.</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Grass; herbage.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>And flocks<BR> Grazing the tender <i>herb</i>.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Herb bennet</b></col>. <i>(Bot.)</i> <cd>See <u>Bennet</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Herb Christopher</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>an herb (<i>Act&aelig;a spicata</i>), whose root is used in nervous diseases; the baneberry. The name is occasionally given to other plants, as the royal fern, the wood betony, etc.</cd> — <col><b>Herb Gerard</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>the goutweed; — so called in honor of St. <i>Gerard</i>, who used to be invoked against the gout.</cd> <i>Dr. Prior.</i> — <col><b>Herb grace</b></col>, or <col><b>Herb of grace</b></col>. <i>(Bot.)</i> <cd>See <u>Rue</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Herb Margaret</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>the daisy. See <u>Marguerite</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Herb Paris</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>an Old World plant related to the trillium (<i>Paris quadrifolia</i>), commonly reputed poisonous.</cd> — <col><b>Herb Robert</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>a species of <i>Geranium</i> (<i>G. Robertianum</i>.)</cd></p>

<p><hw>Her*ba"ceous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>herbaceus</i> grassy. See <u>Herb</u>.] <def>Of or pertaining to herbs; having the nature, texture, or characteristics, of an herb; as, <i>herbaceous</i> plants; an <i>herbaceous</i> stem.</def></p>

<p><hw>Herb"age</hw> (?; 48), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. See <u>Herb</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Herbs collectively; green food beasts; grass; pasture.</def> "Thin <i>herbage</i> in the plaims." <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Law.)</i> <def>The liberty or right of pasture in the forest or in the grounds of another man.</def> <i>Blount.</i></p>

<p><hw>Herb"aged</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Covered with grass.</def> <i>Thomson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Herb"al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to herbs.</def> <i>Quarles.</i></p>

<p><hw>Herb"al</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A book containing the names and descriptions of plants.</def> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A collection of specimens of plants, dried and preserved; a hortus siccus; an herbarium.</def> <i>Steele.</i></p>

<p><hw>Herb"al*ism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The knowledge of herbs.</def></p>

<p><hw>Herb"al*ist</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One skilled in the knowledge of plants; a collector of, or dealer in, herbs, especially medicinal herbs.</def></p>

<p><hw>Herb"ar</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>An herb.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Her*ba"ri*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A herbalist.</def></p>

<p><hw>Herb"a*rist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A herbalist.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Her*ba"ri*um</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> E. <plw><b>Herbariums</b></plw> (#), L. <plw><b>Herbaria</b></plw> (#). [LL., fr. L. <i>herba</i>. See <u>Herb</u>, and cf. <u>Arbor</u>, <u>Herbary</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A collection of dried specimens of plants, systematically arranged.</def> <i>Gray.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A book or case for preserving dried plants.</def></p>

<p><hw>Herb"a*rize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Herborize</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Herb"a*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Herbarium</u>.] <def>A garden of herbs; a cottage garden.</def> <i>T. Warton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Herb"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>herbier</i>, LL. <i>herbarium</i>. See <u>Herbarium</u>.] <def>A garden; a pleasure garden.</def> [Obs.] "Into an <i>herber</i> green." <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Her"berg*age</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Harborage</u>.] <def>Harborage; lodging; shelter; harbor.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Her"ber*geour</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Harbinger</u>.] <def>A harbinger.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Her"bergh</hw> (?), <hw>Her"ber*we</hw> (&?;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Harbor</u>.] <def>A harbor.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Her*bes"cent</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>herbescens</i>, <i>p. pr.</i> of <i>herbescere</i>.] <def>Growing into herbs.</def></p>

<p><hw>Herb"id</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>herbidus</i>.] <def>Covered with herbs.</def> [Obs.] <i>Bailey.</i></p>

<p><hw>Her*bif"er*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Herb</i> + <i>-ferous</i>: cf. F. <i>herbif&eacute;re</i>.] <def>Bearing herbs or vegetation.</def></p>

<p><hw>Herb"ist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A herbalist.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Her*biv"o*ra</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr. L. <i>herba</i> herb + <i>vorare</i> to devour.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>An extensive division of Mammalia. It formerly included the Proboscidea, Hyracoidea, Perissodactyla, and Artiodactyla, but by later writers it is generally restricted to the two latter groups (Ungulata). They feed almost exclusively upon vegetation.</def></p>

<p><hw>Her"bi*vore</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>herbivore</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of the Herbivora.</def> <i>P. H. Gosse.</i></p>

<p><hw>Her*biv"o*rous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Eating plants; of or pertaining to the Herbivora.</def></p>

<p><hw>Herb"less</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Destitute of herbs or of vegetation.</def> <i>J. Warton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Herb"let</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A small herb.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Her"bo*rist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>herboriste</i>.] <def>A herbalist.</def> <i>Ray.</i></p>

<p><hw>Her`bo*ri*za"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>herborisation</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of herborizing.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The figure of plants in minerals or fossils.</def></p>

<p><hw>Her"bo*rize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Herborized</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Herborizing</u> (?).] [F. <i>herboriser</i>, for <i>herbariser</i>, fr. L. <i>herbarium</i>. See <u>Hebrarium</u>.] <def>To search for plants, or new species of plants, with a view to classifying them.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He <i>herborized</i> as he traveled.</blockquote> <i>W. Tooke.</i></p>

<p><hw>Her"bo*rize</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To form the figures of plants in; — said in reference to minerals. See <u>Arborized</u>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Herborized</i> stones contain fine mosses.</blockquote> <i>Fourcroy (Trans.)</i></p>

<p><hw>Her"bor*ough</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Harborough</u>, and <u>Harbor</u>.] <def>A harbor.</def> [Obs.] <i>B. Jonson.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Her*bose"</hw> (?), <hw>Herb"ous</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>herbosus</i>: cf. F. <i>herbeux</i>.] <def>Abounding with herbs.</def> "Fields poetically called <i>herbose</i>." <i>Byrom.</i></p>

<p><hw>Herb"-wom`an</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Herb-women</b></plw> (&?;). <def>A woman that sells herbs.</def></p>

<p><hw>Herb"y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having the nature of, pertaining to, or covered with, herbs or herbage.</def> "<i>Herby</i> valleys." <i>Chapman.</i></p>

<p><hw>Her*cog"a*mous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; a fence + &?; marriage.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Not capable of self- fertilization; — said of hermaphrodite flowers in which some structural obstacle forbids autogamy.</def></p>

<p><hw>Her*cu"le*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>herculeus</i>, fr. <i>Hercules</i>: cf. F. <i>hercul&eacute;en</i>. See <u>Hercules</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Requiring the strength of Hercules; hence, very great, difficult, or dangerous; as, an <i>Herculean</i> task.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Having extraordinary strength or size; as, <i>Herculean</i> limbs.</def> "<i>Herculean</i> Samson." <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Her"cu*les</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Gr. Myth.)</i> <def>A hero, fabled to have been the son of Jupiter and Alcmena, and celebrated for great strength, esp. for the accomplishment of his twelve great tasks or "labors."</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Astron.)</i> <def>A constellation in the northern hemisphere, near Lyra.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Hercules' beetle</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>any species of <i>Dynastes</i>, an American genus of very large lamellicorn beetles, esp. <i>D. hercules</i> of South America, which grows to a length of six inches.</cd> — <col><b>Hercules' club</b></col>. <i>(Bot.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>An ornamental tree of the West Indies (<i>Zanthoxylum Clava-Herculis</i>), of the same genus with the prickly ash.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>A variety of the common gourd (<i>Lagenaria vulgaris</i>). Its fruit sometimes exceeds five feet in length.</cd> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <cd>The Angelica tree. See under <u>Angelica</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Hercules powder</b></col>, <cd>an explosive containing nitroglycerin; — used for blasting.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Her*cyn"i*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>Hercynia</i> silva, <i>Hercynius</i> saltus, the Hercynian forest; cf. Gr. &?; &?;.] <def>Of or pertaining to an extensive forest in Germany, of which there are still portions in Swabia and the Hartz mountains.</def></p>

<p><hw>Herd</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Haired.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Herd</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>herd</i>, <i>heord</i>, AS. <i>heord</i>; akin to OHG. <i>herta</i>,G. <i>herde</i>, Icel. <i>hj&ouml;r&?;</i>, Sw. <i>hjord</i>, Dan. <i>hiord</i>, Goth. <i>ha&iacute;rda</i>; cf. Skr. <i>&ccedil;ardha</i> troop, host.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A number of beasts assembled together; as, a <i>herd</i> of horses, oxen, cattle, camels, elephants, deer, or swine; a particular stock or family of cattle.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The lowing <i>herd</i> wind slowly o'er the lea.</blockquote> <i>Gray.</i></p>

<p>&fist; <i>Herd</i> is distinguished from <i>flock</i>, as being chiefly applied to the larger animals. A number of cattle, when driven to market, is called a <i>drove</i>.</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A crowd of low people; a rabble.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>But far more numerous was the <i>herd</i> of such<BR> Who think too little and who talk too much.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>You can never interest the common <i>herd</i> in the abstract question.</blockquote> <i>Coleridge.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Herd's grass</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>one of several species of grass, highly esteemed for hay. See under <u>Grass</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Herd</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>hirde</i>, <i>herde</i>, <i>heorde</i>, AS. <i>hirde</i>, <i>hyrde</i>, <i>heorde</i>; akin to G. <i>hirt</i>, <i>hirte</i>, OHG. <i>hirti</i>, Icel. <i>hir</i>&?;<i>ir</i>, Sw. <i>herde</i>, Dan. <i>hyrde</i>, Goth. <i>ha&iacute;rdeis</i>. See 2d <u>Herd</u>.] <def>One who herds or assembles domestic animals; a herdsman; — much used in composition; as, a shep<i>herd</i>; a goat<i>herd</i>, and the like.</def> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Herd</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Herded</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Herding</u>.] [See 2d <u>Herd</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To unite or associate in a herd; to feed or run together, or in company; as, sheep <i>herd</i> on many hills.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To associate; to ally one's self with, or place one's self among, a group or company.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I'll <i>herd</i> among his friends, and seem<BR> One of the number.</blockquote> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To act as a herdsman or a shepherd.</def> [Scot.]</p>

<p><hw>Herd</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To form or put into a herd.</def></p>

<p><hw>Herd"book`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A book containing the list and pedigrees of one or more herds of choice breeds of cattle; — also called <i>herd record</i>, or <i>herd register</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Herd"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A herdsman.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Her"der*ite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Named after Baron von <i>Herder</i>, who discovered it.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>A rare fluophosphate of glucina, in small white crystals.</def></p>

<p><hw>Herd"ess</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A shepherdess; a female herder.</def> <i>Sir P. Sidney.</i> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Herd"groom`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A herdsman.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Her"dic</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Named from Peter <i>Herdic</i>, the inventor.] <def>A kind of low-hung cab.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Herd"man</hw> (?), <hw>Herds"man</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>-men</b></plw> (&?;). <def>The owner or keeper of a herd or of herds; one employed in tending a herd of cattle.</def></p>

<p><hw>Herds"wom`an</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> - <plw><b>women</b></plw> (&?;). <def>A woman who tends a herd.</def> <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><hw>Here</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Hair.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Here</hw> (?), <pos><i>pron.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>See <u>Her</u>, their.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Her; hers. See <u>Her</u>.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Here</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> [OE. <i>her</i>, AS. <i>h&?;r</i>; akin to OS. <i>h&?;r</i>, D. <i>hier</i>, OHG. <i>hiar</i>, G. <i>hier</i>, Icel. & Goth. <i>h&?;r</i>, Dan. <i>her</i>, Sw. <i>h&auml;r</i>; fr. root of E. <i>he</i>. See <u>He</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>In this place; in the place where the speaker is; — opposed to <i>there</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He is not <i>here</i>, for he is risen.</blockquote> <i>Matt. xxviii. 6.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>In the present life or state.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Happy <i>here</i>, and more happy hereafter.</blockquote> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To or into this place; hither. [Colloq.] See <u>Thither</u>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Here</i> comes Virgil.</blockquote> <i>B. Jonson.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Thou led'st me <i>here</i>.</blockquote> <i>Byron.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>At this point of time, or of an argument; now.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The prisoner <i>here</i> made violent efforts to rise.</blockquote> <i>Warren.</i></p>

<p>&fist; <i>Here</i>, in the last sense, is sometimes used before a verb without subject; as, <i>Here goes</i>, for Now (something or somebody) goes; — especially occurring thus in drinking healths. "<i>Here's</i> [a health] to thee, Dick." <i>Cowley.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Here and there</b></col>, <cd>in one place and another; in a dispersed manner; irregularly.</cd> "Footsteps <i>here and there</i>." <i>Longfellow.</i> — <col><b>It is neither, here nor there</b></col>, <cd>it is neither in this place nor in that, neither in one place nor in another; hence, it is to no purpose, irrelevant, nonsense.</cd> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Here"a-bout`</hw> (?), <hw>Here"a*bouts`</hw> (?), } <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>About this place; in this vicinity.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Concerning this.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Here*aft"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> [AS. <i>h&emacr;r&aelig;fter</i>.] <def>In time to come; in some future time or state.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Hereafter</i> he from war shall come.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Here*aft"er</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A future existence or state.</def> </p>

<p><blockquote>'Tis Heaven itself that points out an <i>hereafter</i>.</blockquote> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><hw>Here*aft"er*ward</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>Hereafter.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Thou shalt <i>hereafterward</i> . . . come.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Here-at"</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>At, or by reason of, this; as, he was offended <i>hereat</i>.</def> <i>Hooker.</i></p>

<p><hw>Here*by"</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>By means of this.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>And <i>hereby</i> we do know that we know him.</blockquote> <i>1 John ii. 3.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Close by; very near.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>He*red`i*ta*bil"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>State of being hereditable.</def> <i>Brydges.</i></p>

<p><hw>He*red"i*ta*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [LL. <i>hereditabilis</i>, fr. <i>hereditare</i> to inherit, fr. L. <i>hereditas</i> heirship inheritance, <i>heres</i> heir: cf. OF. <i>hereditable</i>. See <u>Heir</u>, and cf. <u>Heritable</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Capable of being inherited. See <u>Inheritable</u>.</def> <i>Locke.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Qualified to inherit; capable of inheriting.</def></p>

<p><hw>He*red"i*ta*bly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>By inheritance.</def> <i>W. Tooke.</i></p>

<p><hw>Her`e*dit"a*ment</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [LL. <i>hereditamentum</i>. See <u>Hereditable</u>.] <i>(Law)</i> <def>Any species of property that may be inherited; lands, tenements, anything corporeal or incorporeal, real, personal, or mixed, that may descend to an heir.</def> <i>Blackstone.</i></p>

<p>&fist; A <i>corporeal hereditament</i> is visible and tangible; an <i>incorporeal hereditament</i> is not in itself visible or tangible, being an hereditary right, interest, or obligation, as duty to pay rent, or a right of way.</p>

<p><hw>He*red"i*ta*ri*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>By inheritance; in an hereditary manner.</def> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><hw>He*red"i*ta*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>hereditarius</i>, fr. <i>hereditas</i> heirship, inheritance, fr. <i>heres</i> heir: cf. F. <i>h&eacute;r&eacute;ditaire</i>. See <u>Heir</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Descended, or capable of descending, from an ancestor to an heir at law; received or passing by inheritance, or that must pass by inheritance; as, an <i>hereditary</i> estate or crown.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Transmitted, or capable of being transmitted, as a constitutional quality or condition from a parent to a child; as, <i>hereditary</i> pride, bravery, disease.</def></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Ancestral; patrimonial; inheritable.</p>

<p><hw>He*red"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>hereditas</i> heirship.] <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>Hereditary transmission of the physical and psychical qualities of parents to their offspring; the biological law by which living beings tend to repeat their characteristics in their descendants. See <u>Pangenesis</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Her"e*ford</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One of a breed of cattle originating in Herefordshire, England. The Herefords are good working animals, and their beef-producing quality is excellent.</def></p>

<p><hw>Here"hence`</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>From hence.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Here*in"</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> [AS. <i>h&?;rinne</i>.] <def>In this.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Herein</i> is my Father glorified, that ye bear much fruit.</blockquote> <i>John xv. 8.</i></p>

<p><hw>Here`in*aft"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In the following part of this (writing, document, speech, and the like).</def></p>

<p><hw>Here`in*be*fore"</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In the preceding part of this (writing, document, book, etc.).</def></p>

<p><hw>Here`in*to"</hw> (?; 277), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>Into this.</def> <i>Hooker.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Her"e*mit</hw> (?), <hw>Her"e*mite</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Hermit</u>.] <def>A hermit.</def> [Obs.] <i>Bp. Hall.</i></p>

<p><hw>Her`e*mit"ic*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to a hermit; solitary; secluded from society.</def> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><hw>Her"en</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Made of hair.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Here*of"</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>Of this; concerning this; from this; hence.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Hereof</i> comes it that Prince Harry is valiant.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Here*on"</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>On or upon this; hereupon.</def></p>

<p><hw>Here*out"</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>Out of this.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Her"e*si*arch</hw> (?; 277), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>haeresiarcha</i>, Gr. &?;; &?; heresy + &?; leader, &?; to lead: cf. F. <i>h&eacute;r&eacute;siarque</i>.] <def>A leader in heresy; the chief of a sect of heretics.</def> <i>Bp. Stillingfleet.</i></p>

<p><hw>Her"e*si*arch`y</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A chief or great heresy.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>The book itself [the Alcoran] consists of <i>heresiarchies</i> against our blessed Savior.</blockquote> <i>Sir T. Herbert.</i></p>

<p><hw>Her`e*si*og"ra*pher</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Heresiography</u>.] <def>One who writes on heresies.</def></p>

<p><hw>Her`e*si*og"ra*phy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; heresy + <i>-graphy</i>: cf. F. <i>h&eacute;r&eacute;siographie</i>.] <def>A treatise on heresy.</def></p>

<p><hw>Her"e*sy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Heresies</b></plw> (#). [OE. <i>heresie</i>, <i>eresie</i>, OF. <i>heresie</i>, <i>iresie</i>, F. <i>h&eacute;r&eacute;sie</i>, L. <i>haeresis</i>, Gr. &?; a taking, a taking for one's self, choosing, a choice, a sect, a heresy, fr. &?; to take, choose.]</p>

<p><! p. 688 !></p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>An opinion held in opposition to the established or commonly received doctrine, and tending to promote a division or party, as in politics, literature, philosophy, etc.; — usually, but not necessarily, said in reproach.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>New opinions<BR> Divers and dangerous, which are <i>heresies</i>,<BR> And, not reformed, may prove pernicious.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>After the study of philosophy began in Greece, and the philosophers, disagreeing amongst themselves, had started many questions . . . because every man took what opinion he pleased, each several opinion was called a <i>heresy</i>; which signified no more than a private opinion, without reference to truth or falsehood.</blockquote> <i>Hobbes.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Theol.)</i> <def>Religious opinion opposed to the authorized doctrinal standards of any particular church, especially when tending to promote schism or separation; lack of orthodox or sound belief; rejection of, or erroneous belief in regard to, some fundamental religious doctrine or truth; heterodoxy.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Doubts 'mongst divines, and difference of texts,<BR> From whence arise diversity of sects,<BR> And hateful <i>heresies</i> by God abhor'd.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Deluded people! that do not consider that the greatest <i>heresy</i> in the world is a wicked life.</blockquote> <i>Tillotson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Law)</i> <def>An offense against Christianity, consisting in a denial of some essential doctrine, which denial is publicly avowed, and obstinately maintained.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A second offense is that of <i>heresy</i>, which consists not in a total denial of Christianity, but of some its essential doctrines, publicly and obstinately avowed.</blockquote> <i>Blackstone.</i></p>

<p>&fist; "When I call dueling, and similar aberrations of honor, a moral <i>heresy</i>, I refer to the force of the Greek &?;, as signifying a principle or opinion taken up by the will for the will's sake, as a proof or pledge to itself of its own power of self- determination, independent of all other motives." <i>Coleridge.</i></p>

<p><hw>Her"e*tic</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>haereticus</i>, Gr. &?; able to choose, heretical, fr. &?; to take, choose: cf. F. <i>h&eacute;r&eacute;tique</i>. See <u>Heresy</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who holds to a heresy; one who believes some doctrine contrary to the established faith or prevailing religion.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A man that is an <i>heretic</i>, after the first and second admonition, reject.</blockquote> <i>Titus iii. 10.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(R. C. Ch.)</i> <def>One who having made a profession of Christian belief, deliberately and pertinaciously refuses to believe one or more of the articles of faith "determined by the authority of the universal church."</def> <i>Addis & Arnold.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — <u>Heretic</u>, <u>Schismatic</u>, <u>Sectarian</u>. A <i>heretic</i> is one whose errors are doctrinal, and usually of a malignant character, tending to subvert the true faith. A <i>schismatic</i> is one who creates a <i>schism</i>, or division in the church, on points of faith, discipline, practice, etc., usually for the sake of personal aggrandizement. A <i>sectarian</i> is one who originates or is an ardent adherent and advocate of a <i>sect</i>, or distinct organization, which separates from the main body of believers.</p>

<p><hw>He*ret"i*cal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Containing heresy; of the nature of, or characterized by, heresy.</def></p>

<p><hw>He*ret"i*cal*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In an heretical manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>He*ret"i*cate</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [LL. <i>haereticatus</i>, p. p. of <i>haereticare</i>.] <def>To decide to be heresy or a heretic; to denounce as a heretic or heretical.</def> <i>Bp. Hall.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>And let no one be minded, on the score of my neoterism, to <i>hereticate</i> me.</blockquote> <i>Fitzed. Hall.</i></p>

<p><hw>He*ret`i*fi*ca"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The act of hereticating or pronouncing heretical.</def> <i>London Times.</i></p>

<p><hw>Here*to"</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>To this; hereunto.</def> <i>Hooker.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Her"e*toch</hw> (?), <hw>Her"e*tog</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>heretoga</i>, <i>heretoha</i>; <i>here</i> army + <i>te&oacute;n</i> to draw, lead; akin to OS. <i>heritogo</i>, OHG. <i>herizogo</i>, G. <i>herzog</i> duke.] <i>(AS. Antiq.)</i> <def>The leader or commander of an army; also, a marshal.</def> <i>Blackstone.</i></p>

<p><hw>Here`to*fore"</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>Up to this time; hitherto; before; in time past.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Here`un*to"</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>Unto this; up to this time; hereto.</def></p>

<p><hw>Here`up*on"</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>On this; hereon.</def></p>

<p><hw>Here*with"</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>With this.</def></p>

<p><hw>Her"ie</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [See <u>Hery</u>.] <def>To praise; to worship.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Her"i*ot</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>heregeatu</i> military equipment, heriot; <i>here</i> army + <i>geatwe</i>, pl., arms, equipments.] <i>(Eng. Law)</i> <def>Formerly, a payment or tribute of arms or military accouterments, or the best beast, or chattel, due to the lord on the death of a tenant; in modern use, a customary tribute of goods or chattels to the lord of the fee, paid on the decease of a tenant.</def> <i>Blackstone. Bouvier.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Heriot custom</b></col>, <cd>a heriot depending on usage.</cd> — <col><b>Heriot service</b></col> <i>(Law)</i>, <cd>a heriot due by reservation in a grant or lease of lands.</cd> <i>Spelman. Blackstone.</i></p>

<p><hw>Her"i*ot*a*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Subject to the payment of a heriot.</def> <i>Burn.</i></p>

<p><hw>Her"is*son</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>h&eacute;risson</i>, prop., hedgehog.] <i>(fort.)</i> <def>A beam or bar armed with iron spikes, and turning on a pivot; — used to block up a passage.</def></p>

<p><hw>Her`it*a*bil"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The state of being heritable.</def></p>

<p><hw>Her"it*a*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [OF. <i>h&eacute;ritable</i>. See <u>Heritage</u>, <u>Hereditable</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Capable of being inherited or of passing by inheritance; inheritable.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Capable of inheriting or receiving by inheritance.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>This son shall be legitimate and <i>heritable</i>.</blockquote> <i>Sir M. Hale.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Heritable rights</b></col> <i>(Scots Law)</i>, <cd>rights of the heir; rights to land or whatever may be intimately connected with land; realty.</cd> <i>Jacob (Law Dict.).</i></p>

<p><hw>Her"it*age</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [OE. <i>heritage</i>, <i>eritage</i>, OF. <i>heritage</i>, <i>eritage</i>, F. <i>h&eacute;ritage</i>, fr. <i>h&eacute;riter</i> to inherit, LL. <i>heriditare</i>. See <u>Hereditable</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>That which is inherited, or passes from heir to heir; inheritance.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Part of my <i>heritage</i>,<BR> Which my dead father did bequeath to me.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Script.)</i> <def>A possession; the Israelites, as God's chosen people; also, a flock under pastoral charge.</def> <i>Joel iii. 2.</i> <i>1 Peter v. 3.</i></p>

<p><hw>Her"it*ance</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>heritance</i>.] <def>Heritage; inheritance.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Robbing their children of the <i>heritance</i><BR> Their fathers handed down</blockquote> <i>Southey.</i></p>

<p><hw>Her"it*or</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. LL. <i>her&?;ator</i>, fr. L. <i>heres</i> an heir.] <def>A proprietor or landholder in a parish.</def> [Scot.]</p>

<p><hw>Herl</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Harl</u>, 2.</def></p>

<p><hw>Her"ling</hw>, <hw>Hir"ling</hw> (&?;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Etymol. uncertain.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The young of the sea trout.</def> [Prov. Eng.]</p>

<p><hw>||Her"ma</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Herm&aelig;</b></plw> (#). [L.] <def>See <u>Hermes</u>, <sn><b>2.</b></sn></def></p>

<p><hw>Her*maph`ro*de"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Hermaphrodism.</def> <i>B. Jonson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Her*maph"ro*dism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>hermaphrodisme</i>.] <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>See <u>Hermaphroditism</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Her*maph"ro*dite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>hermaphroditus</i>, Gr. &?;, so called from the mythical story that <i>Hermaphroditus</i>, son of Hermes and Aphrodite, when bathing, became joined in one body with Salmacis, the nymph of a fountain in Caria: cf. F. <i>hermaphrodite</i>.] <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>An individual which has the attributes of both male and female, or which unites in itself the two sexes; an animal or plant having the parts of generation of both sexes, as when a flower contains both the stamens and pistil within the same calyx, or on the same receptacle. In some cases reproduction may take place without the union of the distinct individuals. In the animal kingdom true hermaphrodites are found only among the invertebrates. See <i>Illust.</i> in Appendix, under <i>Helminths</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Her*maph"ro*dite</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Including, or being of, both sexes; as, an <i>hermaphrodite</i> animal or flower.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Hermaphrodite brig</b></col>. <i>(Naut.)</i> <cd>See under <u>Brig</u>.</cd> <i>Totten.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Her*maph`ro*dit"ic</hw> (?), <hw>Her*maph`ro*dit"ic*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>Partaking of the characteristics of both sexes; characterized by hermaphroditism.</def> — <wf>Her*maph`ro*dit"ic*al*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Her*maph"ro*dit*ism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>The union of the two sexes in the same individual, or the combination of some of their characteristics or organs in one individual.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Her`me*neu"tic</hw> (?), <hw>Her`me*neu"tic*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to interpret: cf. F. <i>herm&eacute;neutique</i>.] <def>Unfolding the signification; of or pertaining to interpretation; exegetical; explanatory; as, <i>hermeneutic</i> theology, or the art of expounding the Scriptures; a <i>hermeneutic</i> phrase.</def></p>

<p><hw>Her`me*neu"tic*al*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>According to the principles of interpretation; as, a verse of Scripture was examined <i>hermeneutically</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Her`me*neu"tics</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; (sc. &?;).] <def>The science of interpretation and explanation; exegesis; esp., that branch of theology which defines the laws whereby the meaning of the Scriptures is to be ascertained.</def> <i>Schaff- Herzog Encyc.</i></p>

<p><hw>Her"mes</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., fr. Gr. &?;.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Myth.)</i> <def>See <u>Mercury</u>.</def></p>

<p>&fist; <i>Hermes Trismegistus</i> [Gr. <grk>'Ermh^s trisme`gistos</grk>, lit., Hermes thrice greatest] was a late name of Hermes, especially as identified with the Egyptian god Thoth. He was the fabled inventor of astrology and alchemy.</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Arch&aelig;ology)</i> <def>Originally, a boundary stone dedicated to Hermes as the god of boundaries, and therefore bearing in some cases a head, or head and shoulders, placed upon a quadrangular pillar whose height is that of the body belonging to the head, sometimes having feet or other parts of the body sculptured upon it. These figures, though often representing Hermes, were used for other divinities, and even, in later times, for portraits of human beings. Called also <i>herma</i>. See <i>Terminal statue</i>, under <u>Terminal</u>.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Her*met"ic</hw> (?), <hw>Her*met"ic*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [F. <i>herm&eacute;tique</i>. See Note under <u>Hermes</u>, 1.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Of, pertaining to, or taught by, Hermes Trismegistus; as, <i>hermetic</i> philosophy. Hence: Alchemical; chemic.</def> "Delusions of the <i>hermetic</i> art." <i>Burke.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The alchemists, as the people were called who tried to make gold, considered themselves followers of Hermes, and often called themselves <i>Hermetic</i> philosophers.</blockquote> <i>A. B. Buckley.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Of or pertaining to the system which explains the causes of diseases and the operations of medicine on the principles of the hermetic philosophy, and which made much use, as a remedy, of an alkali and an acid; as, <i>hermetic</i> medicine.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Made perfectly close or air-tight by fusion, so that no gas or spirit can enter or escape; as, an <i>hermetic</i> seal. See Note under <u>Hermetically</u>.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Hermetic art</b></col>, <cd>alchemy.</cd> — <col><b>Hermetic books</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>Books of the Egyptians, which treat of astrology.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>Books which treat of universal principles, of the nature and orders of celestial beings, of medicine, and other topics.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Her*met"ic*al*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>In an hermetical manner; chemically.</def> <i>Boyle.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>By fusion, so as to form an air-tight closure.</def></p>

<p>&fist; A vessel or tube is <i>hermetically</i> sealed when it is closed completely against the passage of air or other fluid by fusing the extremity; — sometimes less properly applied to any air-tight closure.</p>

<p><hw>Her"mit</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>ermite</i>, <i>eremite</i>, <i>heremit</i>, <i>heremite</i>, F. <i>hermite</i>, <i>ermite</i>, L. <i>eremita</i>, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; lonely, solitary. Cf. <u>Eremite</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A person who retires from society and lives in solitude; a recluse; an anchoret; especially, one who so lives from religious motives.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He had been Duke of Savoy, and after a very glorious reign, took on him the habit of a <i>hermit</i>, and retired into this solitary spot.</blockquote> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A beadsman; one bound to pray for another.</def> [Obs.] "We rest your <i>hermits</i>." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Hermit crab</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a marine decapod crustacean of the family <i>Pagurid&aelig;</i>. The species are numerous, and belong to many genera. Called also <i>soldier crab</i>. The hermit crabs usually occupy the dead shells of various univalve mollusks. See <i>Illust.</i> of <u>Commensal</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Hermit thrush</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>an American thrush (<i>Turdus Pallasii</i>), with retiring habits, but having a sweet song.</cd> — <col><b>Hermit warbler</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a California wood warbler (<i>Dendroica occidentalis</i>), having the head yellow, the throat black, and the back gray, with black streaks.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Her"mit*age</hw> (?; 48), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>hermitage</i>, <i>ermitage</i>, F. <i>hermitage</i>, <i>ermitage</i>. See <u>Hermit</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The habitation of a hermit; a secluded residence.</def> </p>

<p><blockquote>Some forlorn and naked <i>hermitage</i>,<BR> Remote from all the pleasures of the world.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> [F. <i>Vin de l'Hermitage</i>.] <def>A celebrated French wine, both white and red, of the Department of Dr&ocirc;me.</def></p>

<p><hw>Her"mit*a*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. LL. <i>hermitorium</i>, <i>eremitorium</i>.] <def>A cell annexed to an abbey, for the use of a hermit.</def> <i>Howell.</i></p>

<p><hw>Her"mit*ess</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A female hermit.</def> <i>Coleridge.</i></p>

<p><hw>Her*mit"i*cal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pertaining to, or suited for, a hermit.</def> <i>Coventry.</i></p>

<p><hw>Her`mo*dac"tyl</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL. <i>hermodactylus</i>, lit., Hermes' finger; fr. Gr. &?; Hermes + &?; finger.] <i>(med.)</i> <def>A heart-shaped bulbous root, about the size of a finger, brought from Turkey, formerly used as a cathartic.</def></p>

<p><hw>Her`mo*ge"ni*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Eccl. Hist.)</i> <def>A disciple of <i>Hermogenes</i>, an heretical teacher who lived in Africa near the close of the second century. He held matter to be the fountain of all evil, and that souls and spirits are formed of corrupt matter.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hern</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A heron; esp., the common European heron.</def> "A stately <i>hern</i>." <i>Trench.</i></p>

<p><hw>Her*na"ni</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A thin silk or woolen goods, for women's dresses, woven in various styles and colors.</def></p>

<p><hw>Herne</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>hyrne</i>.] <def>A corner.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Lurking in <i>hernes</i> and in lanes blind.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Her"ni*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> E. <plw><b>Hernias</b></plw> (#), L. <plw><b>Herni&aelig;</b></plw> (#). [L.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>A protrusion, consisting of an organ or part which has escaped from its natural cavity, and projects through some natural or accidental opening in the walls of the latter; as, <i>hernia</i> of the brain, of the lung, or of the bowels. Hernia of the abdominal viscera in most common. Called also <i>rupture</i>.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Strangulated hernia</b></col>, <cd>a hernia so tightly compressed in some part of the channel through which it has been protruded as to arrest its circulation, and produce swelling of the protruded part. It may occur in recent or chronic hernia, but is more common in the latter.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Her"ni*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of, or connected with, hernia.</def></p>

<p><hw>Her`ni*ot"o*my</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Hernia</i> + Gr. &?; to cut.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>A cutting for the cure or relief of hernia; celotomy.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hern"shaw</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Heronshaw.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>He"ro</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Heroes</b></plw> (#). [F. <i>h&eacute;ros</i>, L. <i>heros</i>, Gr. &?;.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Myth.)</i> <def>An illustrious man, supposed to be exalted, after death, to a place among the gods; a demigod, as Hercules.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A man of distinguished valor or enterprise in danger, or fortitude in suffering; a prominent or central personage in any remarkable action or event; hence, a great or illustrious person.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Each man is a <i>hero</i> and oracle to somebody.</blockquote> <i>Emerson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>The principal personage in a poem, story, and the like, or the person who has the principal share in the transactions related; as Achilles in the Iliad, Ulysses in the Odyssey, and &AElig;neas in the &AElig;neid.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The shining quality of an epic <i>hero</i>.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Hero worship</b></col>, <cd>extravagant admiration for great men, likened to the ancient worship of heroes.</cd></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Hero worship</i> exists, has existed, and will forever exist, universally among mankind.</blockquote> <i>Carlyle.</i></p>

<p><hw>He*ro"di*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Jewish Hist.)</i> <def>One of a party among the Jews, composed of partisans of Herod of Galilee. They joined with the Pharisees against Christ.</def></p>

<p><hw>||He*ro`di*o"nes</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a heron.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A division of wading birds, including the herons, storks, and allied forms. Called also <i>Herodii</i>.</def> — <wf>He*ro`di*o"nine</wf> (#), <pos><i>a.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>He"ro*ess</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A heroine.</def> [Obs.] <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>He*ro"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [F. <i>h&eacute;ro&iuml;que</i>, L. <i>hero&iuml;cus</i>, Gr. &?;.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Of or pertaining to, or like, a hero; of the nature of heroes; distinguished by the existence of heroes; as, the <i>heroic</i> age; an <i>heroic</i> people; <i>heroic</i> valor.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Worthy of a hero; bold; daring; brave; illustrious; as, <i>heroic</i> action; <i>heroic</i> enterprises.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Sculpture & Painting)</i> <def>Larger than life size, but smaller than colossal; — said of the representation of a human figure.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Heroic Age</b></col>, <cd>the age when the heroes, or those called the children of the gods, are supposed to have lived.</cd> — <col><b>Heroic poetry</b></col>, <cd>that which celebrates the deeds of a hero; epic poetry.</cd> — <col><b>Heroic</b></col> <col><b>treatment or remedies</b></col> <i>(Med.)</i>, <cd>treatment or remedies of a severe character, suited to a desperate case.</cd> — <col><b>Heroic verse</b></col> <i>(Pros.)</i>, <cd>the verse of heroic or epic poetry, being in English, German, and Italian the iambic of ten syllables; in French the iambic of twelve syllables; and in classic poetry the hexameter.</cd></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Brave; intrepid; courageous; daring; valiant; bold; gallant; fearless; enterprising; noble; magnanimous; illustrious.</p>

<p><hw>He*ro"ic*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Heroic.</def> [R.] <i>Spectator.</i> — <wf>He*ro"ic*al*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>He*ro"ic*al*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><! p. 689 !></p>

<p><hw>He*ro"ic*ness</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Heroism.</def> [R.] <i>W. Montagu.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>He`ro*i*com"ic</hw> (?), <hw>He`ro*i*com"ic*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>h&eacute;ro&iuml;comigue</i>. See <u>Heroic</u>, and <u>Comic</u>.] <def>Combining the heroic and the ludicrous; denoting high burlesque; as, a <i>heroicomic</i> poem.</def></p>

<p><hw>Her"o*ine</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>h&eacute;ro&iuml;ne</i>, L. <i>heroina</i>, Gr. &?;, fem. of &?;. See <u>Hero</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A woman of an heroic spirit.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>heroine</i> assumed the woman's place.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The principal female person who figures in a remarkable action, or as the subject of a poem or story.</def></p>

<p><hw>Her"o*ism</hw> (?; 277), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>h&eacute;ro&iuml;sme</i>.] <def>The qualities characteristic of a hero, as courage, bravery, fortitude, unselfishness, etc.; the display of such qualities.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Heroism</i> is the self-devotion of genius manifesting itself in action.</blockquote> <i>Hare.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — <u>Heroism</u>, <u>Courage</u>, <u>Fortitude</u>, <u>Bravery</u>, <u>Valor</u>, <u>Intrepidity</u>, <u>Gallantry</u>. <i>Courage</i> is generic, denoting fearlessness or defiance of danger; <i>fortitude</i> is <i>passive</i> courage, the habit of <i>bearing up</i> nobly under trials, danger, and sufferings; <i>bravery</i> is courage displayed in daring acts; <i>valor</i> is courage in battle or other conflicts with living opponents; <i>intrepidity</i> is <i>firm</i> courage, which shrinks not amid the most appalling dangers; <i>gallantry</i> is <i>adventurous</i> courage, dashing into the thickest of the fight. <i>Heroism</i> may call into exercise all these modifications of courage. It is a contempt of danger, not from ignorance or inconsiderate levity, but from a noble devotion to some great cause, and a just confidence of being able to meet danger in the spirit of such a cause. Cf. <u>Courage</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Her"on</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>heiroun</i>, <i>heroun</i>, <i>heron</i>, <i>hern</i>, OF. <i>hairon</i>, F. <i>h&eacute;ron</i>, OHG. <i>heigir</i>; cf. Icel. <i>hegri</i>, Dan. <i>heire</i>, Sw. <i>h&auml;ger</i>, and also G. <i>h&auml;her</i> jay, jackdaw, OHG. <i>hehara</i>, <i>higere</i>, woodpecker, magpie, D. <i>reiger</i> heron, G. <i>reiher</i>, AS. <i>hr&amacr;gra</i>. Cf. <u>Aigret</u>, <u>Egret</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any wading bird of the genus <i>Ardea</i> and allied genera, of the family <i>Ardeid&aelig;</i>. The herons have a long, sharp bill, and long legs and toes, with the claw of the middle toe toothed. The common European heron (<i>Ardea cinerea</i>) is remarkable for its directly ascending flight, and was formerly hunted with the larger falcons.</def></p>

<p>&fist; There are several common American species; as, the great blue heron (<i>Ardea herodias</i>); the little blue (<i>A. c&oelig;rulea</i>); the green (<i>A. virescens</i>); the snowy (<i>A. candidissima</i>); the night heron or qua-bird (<i>Nycticorax nycticorax</i>). The plumed herons are called <i>egrets</i>.</p>

<p><col><b>Heron's bill</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>a plant of the genus <i>Erodium</i>; — so called from the fancied resemblance of the fruit to the head and beak of the heron.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Her"on*er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A hawk used in hunting the heron.</def> "<i>Heroner</i> and falcon." <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Her"on*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A place where herons breed.</def></p>

<p><hw>Her"on*sew</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A heronshaw.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Her"on*shaw</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>heroncel</i>, dim. of <i>h&eacute;ron</i>. See <u>Heron</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A heron.</def> [Written variously <i>hernshaw</i>, <i>harnsey</i>, etc.]</p>

<p><hw>He`ro*&ouml;l"o*gist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; + &?; discourse.] <def>One who treats of heroes.</def> [R.] <i>T. Warton.</i></p>

<p><hw>He"ro*ship</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The character or personality of a hero.</def> "Three years of <i>heroship</i>." <i>Cowper.</i></p>

<p><hw>Her"pes</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., fr. Gr. <grk>"e`rphs</grk>, fr. <grk>"e`rpein</grk> to creep.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>An eruption of the skin, taking various names, according to its form, or the part affected; especially, an eruption of vesicles in small distinct clusters, accompanied with itching or tingling, including shingles, ringworm, and the like; — so called from its tendency to creep or spread from one part of the skin to another.</def></p>

<p><hw>Her*pet"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>herp&eacute;tique</i>.] <def>Pertaining to, or resembling, the herpes; partaking of the nature of herpes; as, <i>herpetic</i> eruptions.</def></p>

<p><hw>Her"pe*tism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Herpes</u>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>See <i>Dartrous diathesis</i>, under <u>Dartrous</u>.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Her*pet`o*log"ic</hw> (?), <hw>Her*pet`o*log"ic*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pertaining to herpetology.</def></p>

<p><hw>Her`pe*tol"o*gist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One versed in herpetology, or the natural history of reptiles.</def></p>

<p><hw>Her`pe*tol"o*gy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Written also, but less properly, <i>erpetology</i>.] [Gr. &?; a creeping thing, reptile (fr. &?; to creep) + <i>-logy</i>: cf. F. <i>herp&eacute;tologie</i>.] <def>The natural history of reptiles; that branch of zo&ouml;logy which relates to reptiles, including their structure, classification, and habits.</def></p>

<p><hw>Her`pe*tot"o*mist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who dissects, or studies the anatomy of, reptiles.</def></p>

<p><hw>Her`pe*tot"o*my</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; a reptile + &?; to cut.] <def>The anatomy or dissection of reptiles.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Herr</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A title of respect given to gentlemen in Germany, equivalent to the English <i>Mister</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Her"ring</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>hering</i>, AS. <i>h&aelig;ring</i>; akin to D. <i>haring</i>, G. <i>h&auml;ring</i>, <i>hering</i>, OHG. <i>haring</i>, <i>hering</i>, and prob. to AS. <i>here</i> army, and so called because they commonly move in large numbers. Cf. <u>Harry</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of various species of fishes of the genus <i>Clupea</i>, and allied genera, esp. the common round or English herring (<i>C. harengus</i>) of the North Atlantic. Herrings move in vast schools, coming in spring to the shores of Europe and America, where they are salted and smoked in great quantities.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Herring gull</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a large gull which feeds in part upon herrings; esp., <i>Larus argentatus</i> in America, and <i>L. cachinnans</i> in England. See <u>Gull</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Herring hog</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the common porpoise.</cd> — <col><b>King of the herrings</b></col>. <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>The chim&aelig;ra (<i>C. monstrosa</i>) which follows the schools of herring. See <u>Chim&aelig;ra</u>.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>The opah.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Her"ring*bone`</hw> (h&ebreve;r"r&ibreve;ng*b&omacr;n`), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pertaining to, or like, the spine of a herring; especially, characterized by an arrangement of work in rows of parallel lines, which in the alternate rows slope in different directions.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Herringbone stitch</b></col>, <cd>a kind of cross-stitch in needlework, chiefly used in flannel.</cd> <i>Simmonds.</i></p>

<p><hw>Herrn"hut*er</hw> (h&etilde;rn"h&ubreve;*&etilde;r; G. h&ebreve;rn"h&oomac;*&etilde;r), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Eccl. Hist.)</i> <def>One of the Moravians; — so called from the settlement of <i>Herrnhut</i> (the Lord's watch) made, about 1722, by the Moravians at the invitation of Nicholas Lewis, count of Zinzendorf, upon his estate in the circle of Bautzen.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hers</hw> (h&etilde;rz), <pos><i>pron.</i></pos> <def>See the Note under <u>Her</u>, <pos><i>pron.</i></pos></def></p>

<p><hw>Her"sal</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Rehearsal.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Her"schel</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Astron.)</i> <def>See <u>Uranus</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Her*sche"li*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or relating to Sir William Herschel; as, the <i>Herschelian</i> telescope.</def></p>

<p><hw>Herse</hw> (h&etilde;rs), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>herse</i> harrow, portcullis, OF. <i>herce</i>, LL. <i>hercia</i>, L. <i>hirpex</i>, gen. <i>hirpicis</i>, and <i>irpex</i>, gen. <i>irpicis</i>, harrow. The LL. <i>hercia</i> signifies also a kind of candlestick in the form of a harrow, having branches filled with lights, and placed at the head of graves or cenotaphs; whence <i>herse</i> came to be used for the grave, coffin, or chest containing the dead. Cf. <u>Hearse</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Fort.)</i> <def>A kind of gate or portcullis, having iron bars, like a harrow, studded with iron spikes. It is hung above gateways so that it may be quickly lowered, to impede the advance of an enemy.</def> <i>Farrow.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>See <u>Hearse</u>, a carriage for the dead.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A funeral ceremonial.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Herse</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Hearse</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos></def> <i>Chapman.</i></p>

<p><hw>Her*self"</hw> (?), <pos><i>pron.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>An emphasized form of the third person feminine pronoun; — used as a subject with <i>she</i>; as, she <i>herself</i> will bear the blame; also used alone in the predicate, either in the nominative or objective case; as, it is <i>herself</i>; she blames <i>herself</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Her own proper, true, or real character; hence, her right, or sane, mind; as, the woman was deranged, but she is now <i>herself</i> again; she has come to <i>herself</i>.</def></p>

<p><col><b>By herself</b></col>, <cd>alone; apart; unaccompanied.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Her"sil*lon</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., fr. <i>herse</i> a harrow. See <u>Herse</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <i>(Fort.)</i> <def>A beam with projecting spikes, used to make a breach impassable.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hert</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A hart.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Her"te</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A heart.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Her"te*ly</hw>, <pos><i>a. & adv.</i></pos> <def>Hearty; heartily.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Her"y</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [AS. <i>herian</i>.] <def>To worship; to glorify; to praise.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer. Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hes"i*tan*cy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>haesitantia</i> a stammering.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of hesitating, or pausing to consider; slowness in deciding; vacillation; also, the manner of one who hesitates.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A stammering; a faltering in speech.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hes"i*tant</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>haesitans</i>, <i>p. pr.</i> of <i>haesitare</i>: cf. F. <i>h&eacute;sitant</i>. See <u>Hesitate</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Not prompt in deciding or acting; hesitating.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Unready in speech.</def> <i>Baxter.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hes"i*tant*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>With hesitancy or doubt.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hes"i*tate</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Hesitated</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Hesitating</u>.] [L. <i>haesitatus</i>, p. p. of <i>haesitare</i>, intens. fr. <i>haerere</i> to hesitate, stick fast; to hang or hold fast. Cf. <u>Aghast</u>, <u>Gaze</u>, <u>Adhere</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To stop or pause respecting decision or action; to be in suspense or uncertainty as to a determination; as, he <i>hesitated</i> whether to accept the offer or not; men often <i>hesitate</i> in forming a judgment.</def> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To stammer; to falter in speaking.</def></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — To doubt; waver; scruple; deliberate; demur; falter; stammer.</p>

<p><hw>Hes"i*tate</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To utter with hesitation or to intimate by a reluctant manner.</def> [Poetic & R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Just hint a fault, and <i>hesitate</i> dislike.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hes"i*ta`ting*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>With hesitation or doubt.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hes`i*ta"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>haesitatio</i>: cf. F. <i>h&eacute;sitation</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of hesitating; suspension of opinion or action; doubt; vacillation.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A faltering in speech; stammering.</def> <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hes"i*ta*tive</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Showing, or characterized by, hesitation.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>[He said] in his mild, <i>hesitative</i> way.</blockquote> <i>R. D. Blackmore.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hes"i*ta*to*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Hesitating.</def> <i>R. North.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hesp</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. Icel. <i>hespa</i> a hasp, a wisp or skein. See <u>Hasp</u>.] <def>A measure of two hanks of linen thread.</def> [Scot.] [Written also <i>hasp</i>.] <i>Knight.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hes"per</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Hesperian</u>.] <def>The evening; Hesperus.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hes*per"e*tin</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A white, crystalline substance having a sweetish taste, obtained by the decomposition of hesperidin, and regarded as a complex derivative of caffeic acid.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hes*pe"ri*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>hesperius</i>, fr. <i>hesperus</i> the evening star, Gr. &?; evening, &?; &?; the evening star. Cf. <u>Vesper</u>.] <def>Western; being in the west; occidental.</def> [Poetic] <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hes*pe"ri*an</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A native or an inhabitant of a western country.</def> [Poetic] <i>J. Barlow.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hes*pe"ri*an</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to a family of butterflies called <i>Hesperid&aelig;</i>, or skippers.</def> — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Any one of the numerous species of <i>Hesperid&aelig;</i>; a skipper.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hes"per*id</hw> (?), <pos><i>a. & n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Same as 3d <u>Hesperian</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hes*per"i*dene</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Hesperidium</u>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>An isomeric variety of terpene from orange oil.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Hes*per"i*des</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [L., fr. Gr. &?;.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Class. Myth.)</i> <def>The daughters of Hesperus, or Night (brother of Atlas), and fabled possessors of a garden producing golden apples, in Africa, at the western extremity of the known world. To slay the guarding dragon and get some of these apples was one of the labors of Hercules. Called also <i>Atlantides</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The garden producing the golden apples.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>It not love a Hercules,<BR> Still climbing trees in the <i>Hesperides</i>?</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hes*per"i*din</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Hesperidium</u>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A glucoside found in ripe and unripe fruit (as the orange), and extracted as a white crystalline substance.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Hes`pe*rid"i*um</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL. So called in allusion to the golden apples of the Hesperides. See <u>Hesperides</u>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A large berry with a thick rind, as a lemon or an orange.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Hes`pe*ror"nis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?; western + &?;, &?;, a bird.] <i>(Paleon.)</i> <def>A genus of large, extinct, wingless birds from the Cretaceous deposits of Kansas, belonging to the Odontornithes. They had teeth, and were essentially carnivorous swimming ostriches. Several species are known. See <i>Illust.</i> in Append.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Hes"pe*rus</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. See <u>Hesper</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Venus when she is the evening star; Hesper.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Evening.</def> [Poetic]</p>

<p><blockquote>The Sun was sunk, and after him the Star<BR> Of <i>Hesperus</i>.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hes"sian</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or relating to Hesse, in Germany, or to the Hessians.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Hessian boots</b></col>, or <col><b>Hessians</b></col>, <cd>boot of a kind worn in England, in the early part of the nineteenth century, tasseled in front.</cd> <i>Thackeray.</i> — <col><b>Hessian cloth</b></col>, or <col><b>Hessians</b></col>, <cd>a coarse hempen cloth for sacking.</cd> — <col><b>Hessian crucible</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Crucible</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Hessian fly</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a small dipterous fly or midge (<i>Cecidomyia destructor</i>). Its larv&aelig; live between the base of the lower leaves and the stalk of wheat, and are very destructive to young wheat; — so called from the erroneous idea that it was brought into America by the Hessian troops, during the Revolution.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Hes"sian</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A native or inhabitant of Hesse.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A mercenary or venal person.</def> [U. S.]</p>

<p>&fist; This use is a relic of the patriot hatred of the Hessian mercenaries who served with the British troops in the Revolutionary War.</p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>pl.</i> <def>See <i>Hessian boots</i> and <i>cloth</i>, under <u>Hessian</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos></def></p>

<p><hw>Hess"ite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [After H. <i>Hess</i>.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>A lead-gray sectile mineral. It is a telluride of silver.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hest</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>h&?;s</i>, fr. <i>h&?;tan</i> to call, bid. See <u>Hight</u>, and cf. <u>Behest</u>.] <def>Command; precept; injunction.</def> [Archaic] See <u>Behest</u>. "At thy <i>hest</i>." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Let him that yields obey the victor's <i>hest</i>.</blockquote> <i>Fairfax.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Yet I thy <i>hest</i> will all perform, at full.</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Hes"tern</hw> (?), <hw>Hes*ter"nal</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>hesternus</i>; akin to <i>heri</i> yesterday.] <def>Pertaining to yesterday. [Obs.] See <u>Yester</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos></def> <i>Ld. Lytton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hes"y*chast</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; hermit, fr. &?; to be still or quiet, fr. &?; still, calm.] <def>One of a mystical sect of the Greek Church in the fourteenth century; a quietist.</def> <i>Brande & C.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>He*tair"ism</hw> (?), <hw>Het"a*rism</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; a companion, a concubine, fem. of &?; a comrade.] <def>A supposed primitive state of society, in which all the women of a tribe were held in common.</def> <i>H. Spencer.</i> — <wf>Het`a*ris"tic</wf> (#), <pos><i>a.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Hetch"el</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Hatchel</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hete</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t. & i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Hete</u>, later <u>Het</u>.] <def><i>Variant of</i> <u>Hote</u>.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>But one avow to greate God I <i>hete</i>.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Het"er*a*canth</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Hetero-</i> + Gr. &?; a spine.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Having the spines of the dorsal fin unsymmetrical, or thickened alternately on the right and left sides.</def></p>

<p><hw>Het"er*arch`y</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Hetero-</i> + <i>-archy</i>.] <def>The government of an alien.</def> [Obs.] <i>Bp. Hall.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Het`e*raux*e"sis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?; the other + &?; growth.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Unequal growth of a cell, or of a part of a plant.</def></p>

<p><hw>Het"er*o-</hw> (?). [Gr. <grk>"e`teros</grk> other.] <def>A combining form signifying <i>other</i>, <i>other than usual</i>, <i>different</i>; as, <i>hetero</i>clite, <i>hetero</i>dox, <i>hetero</i>gamous.</def></p>

<p><hw>Het`er*o*car"pism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Hetero- </i> + Gr.&?; fruit.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The power of producing two kinds of reproductive bodies, as in <i>Amphicarp&aelig;a</i>, in which besides the usual pods, there are others underground.</def></p>

<p><hw>Het`er*o*car"pous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Characterized by heterocarpism.</def></p>

<p><hw>Het`er*o*ceph"a*lous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Hetero-</i> + Gr.&?; head.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Bearing two kinds of heads or capitula; — said of certain composite plants.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Het`e*roc"e*ra</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?; other + &?; horn.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A division of Lepidoptera, including the moths, and hawk moths, which have the antenn&aelig; variable in form.</def></p>

<p><hw>Het`er*o*cer"cal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Hetero- </i> + Gr. &?; tail.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Having the vertebral column evidently continued into the upper lobe of the tail, which is usually longer than the lower one, as in sharks.</def></p>

<p><! p. 690 !></p>

<p><hw>Het"er*o*cer`cy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Hetero-</i> + Gr. &?; a tail.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Unequal development of the tail lobes of fishes; the possession of a heterocercal tail.</def></p>

<p><hw>Het`er*o*chro"mous</hw> (?; 277), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Hetero-</i> + Gr. &?; color.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Having the central florets of a flower head of a different color from those of the circumference.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Het`er*och"ro*nism</hw> (?), <hw>Het`er*och"ro*ny</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; of different times; &?; other + &?; time.] <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>In evolution, a deviation from the typical sequence in the formation of organs or parts.</def></p>

<p><hw>Het"er*o*clite</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>heteroclitus</i>, Gr. &?;; &?; other + &?; to lean, incline, inflect: cf. F. <i>h&eacute;t&eacute;roclite</i>.] <def>Deviating from ordinary forms or rules; irregular; anomalous; abnormal.</def></p>

<p><hw>Het"er*o*clite</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Gram.)</i> <def>A word which is irregular or anomalous either in declension or conjugation, or which deviates from ordinary forms of inflection in words of a like kind; especially, a noun which is irregular in declension.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Any thing or person deviating from the common rule, or from common forms.</def> <i>Howell.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Het`er*o*clit"ic</hw> (?), <hw>Het`er*o*clit"ic*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See <u>Heteroclite</u>.] <def>Deviating from ordinary forms or rules; irregular; anomalous; abnormal.</def></p>

<p><hw>Het`er*oc"li*tous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Heteroclitic.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Het"er*o*cyst</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Hetero-</i> + <i>cyst</i>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A cell larger than the others, and of different appearance, occurring in certain alg&aelig; related to nostoc.</def></p>

<p><hw>Het`er*o*dac"tyl</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Heterodactylous.</def> — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One of the Heterodactyl&aelig;.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Het`e*ro*dac"ty*l&aelig;</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?; other + &?; a finger.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A group of birds including the trogons.</def></p>

<p><hw>Het`er*o*dac"tyl*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Hetero-</i> + Gr. &?; a toe.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Having the first and second toes turned backward, as in the trogons.</def></p>

<p><hw>Het"er*o*dont</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Hetero-</i> + Gr. &?;, &?; a tooth.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Having the teeth differentiated into incisors, canines, and molars, as in man; — opposed to <i>homodont</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Het"er*o*dont</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any animal with heterodont dentition.</def></p>

<p><hw>Het"er*o*dox</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;; &?; other + &?; opinion; cf. F. <i>h&eacute;t&eacute;rodoxe</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Contrary to, or differing from, some acknowledged standard, as the Bible, the creed of a church, the decree of a council, and the like; not orthodox; heretical; — said of opinions, doctrines, books, etc., esp. upon theological subjects.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Raw and indigested, <i>heterodox</i>, preaching.</blockquote> <i>Strype.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Holding heterodox opinions, or doctrines not orthodox; heretical; — said of persons.</def> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p>— <wf>Het"er*o*dox`ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Het"er*o*dox`ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Het"er*o*dox</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>An opinion opposed to some accepted standard.</def> [Obs.] <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Het"er*o*dox`al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Not orthodox.</def> <i>Howell.</i></p>

<p><hw>Het"er*o*dox`y</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;: cf. F. <i>h&eacute;t&eacute;rodoxie</i>.] <def>An opinion or doctrine, or a system of doctrines, contrary to some established standard of faith, as the Scriptures, the creed or standards of a church, etc.; heresy.</def> <i>Bp. Bull.</i></p>

<p><hw>Het`er*od"ro*mous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Hetero- </i> + Gr. &?; to run.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Having spirals of changing direction.</def> <i>Gray.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Mech.)</i> <def>Moving in opposite directions; — said of a lever, pulley, etc., in which the resistance and the actuating force are on opposite sides of the fulcrum or axis.</def></p>

<p><hw>Het`er*og"a*mous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Hetero- </i> + Gr. <grk>ga`mos</grk> marriage: cf. F. <i>h&eacute;t&eacute;rogame</i>.] <i>(Bot. & Biol.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The condition of having two or more kinds of flowers which differ in regard to stamens and pistils, as in the aster.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>Characterized by heterogamy.</def></p>

<p><hw>Het`er*og"a*my</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Heterogamous</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The process of fertilization in plants by an indirect or circuitous method; — opposed to <i>orthogamy</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>That form of alternate generation in which two kinds of sexual generation, or a sexual and a parthenogenetic generation, alternate; — in distinction from <i>metagenesis</i>, where sexual and asexual generations alternate.</def> <i>Claus & Sedgwick.</i></p>

<p><hw>Het`er*o*gan"gli*ate</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Hetero-</i> + <i>gangliate</i>.] <i>(Physiol.)</i> <def>Having the ganglia of the nervous system unsymmetrically arranged; — said of certain invertebrate animals.</def></p>

<p><hw>Het"er*o*gene</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Heterogenous.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Het`er*o*ge"ne*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Heterogeneous.</def></p>

<p><hw>Het`er*o*ge*ne"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>h&eacute;t&eacute;rog&eacute;n&eacute;it&eacute;</i>.] <def>The state of being heterogeneous; contrariety.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The difference, indeed the <i>heterogeneity</i>, of the two may be felt.</blockquote> <i>Coleridge.</i></p>

<p><hw>Het`er*o*ge"ne*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;; &?; + &?; race, kind; akin to E. <i>kin</i>: cf. F. <i>h&eacute;t&eacute;rog&egrave;ne</i>.] <def>Differing in kind; having unlike qualities; possessed of different characteristics; dissimilar; — opposed to <i>homogeneous</i>, and said of two or more connected objects, or of a conglomerate mass, considered in respect to the parts of which it is made up.</def> — <wf>Het`er*o*ge"ne*ous*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Het`er*o*ge"ne*ous*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><col><b>Heterogeneous nouns</b></col> <i>(Gram.)</i>, <cd>nouns having different genders in the singular and plural numbers; as, <i>hic locus</i>, of the masculine gender in the singular, and <i>hi loci</i> and <i>h&aelig;c loca</i>, both masculine and neuter in the plural; <i>hoc c&aelig;lum</i>, neuter in the singular; <i>hi c&aelig;li</i>, masculine in the plural.</cd> — <col><b>Heterogeneous quantities</b></col> <i>(Math.)</i>, <cd>such quantities as are incapable of being compared together in respect to magnitude, and surfaces and solids.</cd> — <col><b>Heterogeneous surds</b></col> <i>(Math.)</i>, <cd>surds having different radical signs.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Het`er*o*gen"e*sis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Hetero- </i> + <i>genesis</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>Spontaneous generation, so called.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>That method of reproduction in which the successive generations differ from each other, the parent organism producing offspring different in habit and structure from itself, the original form, however, reappearing after one or more generations; — opposed to <i>homogenesis</i>, or <i>gamogenesis</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Het`er*o*ge*net"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>Relating to heterogenesis; as, <i>heterogenetic</i> transformations.</def></p>

<p><hw>Het`er*og"e*nist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>One who believes in the theory of spontaneous generation, or heterogenesis.</def> <i>Bastian.</i></p>

<p><hw>Het`er*og"e*nous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to heterogenesis; heterogenetic.</def></p>

<p><hw>Het`er*og"e*ny</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>Heterogenesis.</def></p>

<p><hw>Het`er*og"o*nous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Characterized by heterogony.</def> — <wf>Het`er*og"o*nous*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Het`er*og"o*ny</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Hetero-</i> + Gr. &?; offspring.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The condition of having two or more kinds of flowers, different as to the length of their stamens and pistils.</def></p>

<p><hw>Het`er*o*graph"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See <u>Heterography</u>.] <def>Employing the same letters to represent different sounds in different words or syllables; — said of methods of spelling; as, the ordinary English orthography is <i>heterographic</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Het`er*og"ra*phy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Hetero- </i> + <i>-graphy</i>.] <def>That method of spelling in which the same letters represent different sounds in different words, as in the ordinary English orthography; e. g., <i>g</i> in <i>get</i> and in <i>ginger</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Het`er*og"y*nous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Hetero- </i> + Gr. &?; a woman, female.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Having females very unlike the males in form and structure; — as certain insects, the males of which are winged, and the females wingless.</def></p>

<p><hw>Het`er*ol"o*gous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Hetero- </i> + Gr. &?; proportion.] <def>Characterized by heterology; consisting of different elements, or of like elements in different proportions; different; — opposed to <i>homologous</i>; as, <i>heterologous</i> organs.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Heterologous stimulus</b></col>. <i>(Physiol.)</i> <cd>See under <u>Stimulus</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Heterologous tumor</b></col> <i>(Med.)</i>, <cd>a tumor differing in structure from the normal tissues of the body.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Het`er*ol"o*gy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Hetero-</i> + <i>-logy</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>The absence of correspondence, or relation, in type of structure; lack of analogy between parts, owing to their being composed of different elements, or of like elements in different proportions; variation in structure from the normal form; — opposed to <i>homology</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>The connection or relation of bodies which have partial identity of composition, but different characteristics and properties; the relation existing between derivatives of the same substance, or of the analogous members of different series; as, ethane, ethyl alcohol, acetic aldehyde, and acetic acid are in <i>heterology</i> with each other, though each in at the same time a member of a distinct homologous series. Cf. <u>Homology</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Het`e*rom"e*ra</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?; other + &?; part.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A division of Coleoptera, having heteromerous tarsi.</def></p>

<p><hw>Het`er*om"er*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See <u>Heteromera</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Chem & Crystallog.)</i> <def>Unrelated in chemical composition, though similar or indentical in certain other respects; as, borax and augite are hom&oelig;morphous, but <i>heteromerous</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>With the parts not corresponding in number.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>Having the femoral artery developed as the principal artery of the leg; — said of certain birds, as the cotingas and pipras.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>Having five tarsal joints in the anterior and middle legs, but only four in the posterior pair, as the blister beetles and oil beetles.</def></p>

<p><hw>Het`er*o*mor"phic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Hetero- </i> + Gr. &?; form.] <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>Deviating from the normal, perfect, or mature form; having different forms at different stages of existence, or in different individuals of the same species; — applied especially to insects in which there is a wide difference of form between the larva and the adult, and to plants having more than one form of flower.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Het`er*o*mor"phism</hw> (?), <hw>Het`er*o*mor"phy</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>The state or quality of being heteromorphic.</def></p>

<p><hw>Het`er*o*mor"phous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>Heteromorphic.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Het`e*ro*my*a"ri*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?; other + &?; a muscle.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A division of bivalve shells, including the marine mussels, in which the two adductor muscles are very unequal. See <u>Dreissena</u>, and <i>Illust.</i> under <u>Byssus</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Het`e*ro*ne*re"is</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Hetero-</u>, and <u>Nereis</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A free- swimming, dimorphic, sexual form of certain species of Nereis.</def></p>

<p>&fist; In this state the head and its appendages are changed in form, the eyes become very large; more or less of the parapodia are highly modified by the development of finlike lobes, and branchial lamell&aelig;, and their set&aelig; become longer and bladelike.</p>

<p><hw>Het`er*on"o*mous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Hetero- </i> + Gr. <grk>no`mos</grk> law.] <def>Subject to the law of another.</def> <i>Krauth-Fleming.</i></p>

<p><hw>Het`er*on"o*my</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Subordination or subjection to the law of another; political subjection of a community or state; — opposed to <i>autonomy</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Metaph.)</i> <def>A term applied by Kant to those laws which are imposed on us from without, or the violence done to us by our passions, wants, or desires.</def> <i>Krauth- Fleming.</i></p>

<p><hw>Het"er*o*nym</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>That which is heteronymous; a thing having a different name or designation from some other thing; — opposed to <i>homonym</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Het`er*on"y*mous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Hetero- </i> + Gr. <grk>"o`nyma</grk>, for <grk>"o`noma</grk> a name.] <def>Having different names or designations; standing in opposite relations.</def> <i>J. Le Conte.</i></p>

<p>— <wf>Het"er*on"y*mous*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Het`er*o*ou`si*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Hetero- </i> + Gr. &?; being, essence.] <def>Having different essential qualities; of a different nature.</def></p>

<p><hw>Het`er*o*ou"si*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Eccl. Hist.)</i> <def>One of those Arians who held that the Son was of a different substance from the Father.</def></p>

<p><hw>Het`er*o*ou"si*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Heteroousian</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Het`er*o*path"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Hetero- </i> + Gr. &?; suffering, fr. &?;, &?;, to suffer.] <def>Of or pertaining to the method of heteropathy; allopathic.</def></p>

<p><hw>Het`er*op"a*thy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Heteropathic</u>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>That mode of treating diseases, by which a morbid condition is removed by inducing an opposite morbid condition to supplant it; allopathy.</def></p>

<p><hw>Het`er*o*pel"mous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Hetero- </i> + Gr. &?; the sole of the foot.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Having each of the two flexor tendons of the toes bifid, the branches of one going to the first and second toes; those of the other, to the third and fourth toes. See <i>Illust.</i> in Append.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Het`e*roph"a*gi</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?; other + &?; to eat.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Altrices.</def></p>

<p><hw>Het`er*oph"e*mist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One liable to the fault of heterophemy.</def></p>

<p><hw>Het`er*oph"e*my</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Hetero-</i> + Gr. &?; voice, speech, fr. &?; to speak.] <def>The unconscious saying, in speech or in writing, of that which one does not intend to say; — frequently the very reverse of the thought which is present to consciousness.</def> <i>R. G. White.</i></p>

<p><hw>Het`er*oph"o*ny</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Hetero-</i> + Gr. &?; voice.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>An abnormal state of the voice.</def> <i>Mayne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Het`er*oph"yl*lous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; other + &?; leaf: cf. F. <i>h&eacute;t&eacute;rophylle</i>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Having leaves of more than one shape on the same plant.</def></p>

<p><hw>Het"er*o*plasm</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Hetero-</i> + Gr. &?; anything formed or molded.] <def>An abnormal formation foreign to the economy, and composed of elements different from those are found in it in its normal condition.</def> <i>Dunglison.</i></p>

<p><hw>Het`er*o*plas"tic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Hetero- </i> + <i>-plastic</i>.] <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>Producing a different type of organism; developing into a different form of tissue, as cartilage which develops into bone.</def> <i>Haeckel.</i></p>

<p><hw>Het`er*o*pod</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>h&eacute;t&eacute;ropode</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of the Heteropoda.</def> — <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Heteropodous.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Het`e*rop"o*da</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?; other + <i>-poda</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>An order of pelagic Gastropoda, having the foot developed into a median fin. Some of the species are naked; others, as <i>Carinaria</i> and <i>Atlanta</i>, have thin glassy shells.</def></p>

<p><hw>Het`er*op"o*dous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to the Heteropoda.</def></p>

<p><hw>Het`er*op"ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One of the Heteroptera.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Het`e*rop"te*ra</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., from Gr. &?; other + &?; a wing.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A suborder of Hemiptera, in which the base of the anterior wings is thickened. See <u>Hemiptera</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Het`er*op"tics</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Hetero-</i> + <i>optics</i>.] <def>False optics.</def> <i>Spectator.</i></p>

<p><hw>Het`er*os"cian</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;; &?; other + &?; shadow: cf. F. <i>h&eacute;t&eacute;roscien</i>.] <def>One who lives either north or south of the tropics, as contrasted with one who lives on the other side of them; — so called because at noon the shadows always fall in opposite directions (the one northward, the other southward).</def></p>

<p><hw>||Het`e*ro"sis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?; alteration, fr. &?; other, different.] <i>(Rhet.)</i> <def>A figure of speech by which one form of a noun, verb, or pronoun, and the like, is used for another, as in the sentence: "What is life to such as <i>me</i>?"</def> <i>Aytoun.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Het`e*ro*so"ma*ti</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?; other + &?;, &?;, body.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>An order of fishes, comprising the flounders, halibut, sole, etc., having the body and head asymmetrical, with both eyes on one side. Called also <i>Heterosomata</i>, <i>Heterosomi</i>.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Het`er*o*spor"ic</hw> (?), <hw>Het`er*o*spor"ous</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Hetero-</i> + <i>spore</i>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Producing two kinds of spores unlike each other.</def></p>

<p><hw>Het"er*o*styled</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Having styles of two or more distinct forms or lengths.</def> <i>Darwin.</i></p>

<p><hw>Het`er*o*sty"lism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The condition of being heterostyled.</def></p>

<p><hw>Het`er*o*tac"tous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>Relating to, or characterized by, heterotaxy.</def></p>

<p><hw>Het"er*o*tax`y</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Hetero-</i> + Gr. &?; an arrangement, fr. &?; to arrange.] <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>Variation in arrangement from that existing in a normal form; heterogenous arrangement or structure, as, in botany, the deviation in position of the organs of a plant, from the ordinary or typical arrangement.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Het`er*ot"o*pism</hw> (?), <hw>Het`er*ot"o*py</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Hetero-</i> + Gr. &?; place: cf. F. <i>h&eacute;t&eacute;rotopie</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>A deviation from the natural position; — a term applied in the case of organs or growths which are abnormal in situation.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>A deviation from the natural position of parts, supposed to be effected in thousands of years, by the gradual displacement of germ cells.</def></p>

<p><! p. 691 !></p>

<p><hw>||Het`e*rot"ri*cha</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?; other + &?;, gen. &?;, a hair.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A division of ciliated Infusoria, having fine cilia all over the body, and a circle of larger ones around the anterior end.</def></p>

<p><hw>Het`er*ot"ro*pal</hw> (?), <hw>Het`er*ot"ro*pous</hw> (&?;), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>"etero`tropos</grk> turning another way; &?; other + &?; to turn: cf. F. <i>h&eacute;t&eacute;rotrope</i>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Having the embryo or ovule oblique or transverse to the funiculus; amphitropous.</def> <i>Gray.</i></p>

<p><hw>He"thing</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Contempt; scorn.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Het"man</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Hetmans</b></plw> (#). [Pol. <i>hetman</i>. Cf. <u>Ataman</u>.] <def>A Cossack headman or general. The title of <i>chief hetman</i> is now held by the heir to the throne of Russia.</def></p>

<p><hw>Heugh</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. <u>Hogh</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A crag; a cliff; a glen with overhanging sides.</def> [Scot. & Prov. Eng.]</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A shaft in a coal pit; a hollow in a quarry.</def> [Scot.]</p>

<p><hw>Heuk</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Variant of <u>Huke</u>.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Heu"land*ite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [After <i>Heuland</i>, an English mineralogist.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>A mineral of the Zeolite family, often occurring in amygdaloid, in foliated masses, and also in monoclinic crystals with pearly luster on the cleavage face. It is a hydrous silicate of alumina and lime.</def></p>

<p><hw>Heu*ris"tic</hw> (h&usl;*r&ibreve;s"t&ibreve;k), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>e"yri`skein</grk> to discover.] <def>Serving to discover or find out.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hev"ed</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The head.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hew</hw> (h&umacr;), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp.</i></pos> <u>Hewed</u> (h&umacr;d); <pos><i>p. p.</i></pos> <u>Hewed</u> or <u>Hewn</u> (h&umacr;n); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Hewing</u>.] [AS. <i>he&aacute;wan</i>; akin to D. <i>houwen</i>, OHG. <i>houwan</i>, G. <i>hauen</i>, Icel. <i>h&ouml;ggva</i>, Sw. <i>hugga</i>, Dan. <i>hugge</i>, Lith. <i>kova</i> battle, Russ. <i>kovate</i> to hammer, forge. Cf. <u>Hay</u> cut grass, <u>Hoe</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To cut with an ax; to fell with a sharp instrument; — often with <i>down</i>, or <i>off</i>.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To form or shape with a sharp instrument; to cut; hence, to form laboriously; — often with <i>out</i>; as, to <i>hew</i> out a sepulcher.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Look unto the rock whence ye are <i>hewn</i>.</blockquote> <i>Is. li. 1.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Rather polishing old works than <i>hewing</i> out new.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To cut in pieces; to chop; to hack.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Hew</i> them to pieces; hack their bones asunder.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hew</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Destruction by cutting down.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Of whom he makes such havoc and such <i>hew</i>.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hew</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Hue; color.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Shape; form.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hewe</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. <u>Hind</u> a peasant.] <def>A domestic servant; a retainer.</def> [Obs.] "False homely <i>hewe</i>." <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hew"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who hews.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hew"hole`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. <u>Hickwall</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The European green woodpecker. See <u>Yaffle</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hewn</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Felled, cut, or shaped as with an ax; roughly squared; as, a house built of <i>hewn</i> logs.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Roughly dressed as with a hammer; as, <i>hewn</i> stone.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hex-</hw> (?), <hw>Hex"a</hw> (#). [Gr. <grk>"e`x</grk> six. See <u>Six</u>.] <def>A prefix or combining form, used to denote <i>six</i>, <i>sixth</i>, etc.; as, <i>hex</i>atomic, <i>hexa</i>basic.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hex`a*ba"sic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Hexa-</i> + <i>basic</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Having six hydrogen atoms or six radicals capable of being replaced or saturated by bases; — said of acids; as, mellitic acid is <i>hexabasic</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hex`a*cap"su*lar</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Hexa-</i> + <i>capsular</i>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Having six capsules or seed vessels.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hex"a*chord</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Hexa-</i> + Gr. &?; string, chord: cf. F. <i>hexacorde</i>.] <i>(Mus.)</i> <def>A series of six notes, with a semitone between the third and fourth, the other intervals being whole tones.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hex`ac"id</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Hex-</i> + <i>acid</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Having six atoms or radicals capable of being replaced by acids; hexatomic; hexavalent; — said of bases; as, mannite is a <i>hexacid</i> base.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hex*ac`ti*nel"lid</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Having six-rayed spicules; belonging to the <i>Hexactinellin&aelig;</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hex*ac`ti*nel"line</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [From NL. <i>Hexactinellin&aelig;</i>, fr. Gr. <grk>"e`x</grk> six + a dim. of &?;, &?;, a ray.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Belonging to the <i>Hexactinellin&aelig;</i>, a group of sponges, having six-rayed siliceous spicules.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Hex`ac*tin"i*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Hex-</u>, and <u>Actinia</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The Anthozoa.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hex"ad</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>hexas</i>, <i>hexadis</i>, the number six, Gr. &?;, &?;, fr. <grk>"e`x</grk> six.] <i>(chem.)</i> <def>An atom whose valence is six, and which can be theoretically combined with, substituted for, or replaced by, <i>six</i> monad atoms or radicals; as, sulphur is a <i>hexad</i> in sulphuric acid. Also used as an adjective.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hex`a*dac"tyl*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;; <grk>"e`x</grk> six + &?; finger: cf. F. <i>hexadactyle</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Having six fingers or toes.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hex"ade</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Hexad</u>.] <def>A series of six numbers.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hex"a*dec`ane</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>See <u>Hecdecane</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hex"a*gon</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>hexagonum</i>, Gr. &?; six-cornered; <grk>"e`x</grk> six (akin to E. <i>six</i>) + &?; angle.] <i>(Geom.)</i> <def>A plane figure of six angles.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Regular hexagon</b></col>, <cd>a hexagon in which the angles are all equal, and the sides are also all equal.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Hex*ag"o*nal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>hexagonal</i>.] <def>Having six sides and six angles; six- sided.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Hexagonal system</b></col>. <i>(Crystal.)</i> <cd>See under <u>Crystallization</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Hex*ag"o*nal*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In an hexagonal manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hex*ag"o*ny</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A hexagon.</def> [Obs.] <i>Bramhall.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Hex`a*gyn"i*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. <grk>"e`x</grk> six + <grk>gynh^</grk> a woman, female: cf. F. <i>hexagynie</i>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A Linn&aelig;an order of plants having six pistils.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hex`a*gyn"i*an</hw> (?), <hw>Hex*ag"y*nous</hw> (&?;), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>hexagyne</i>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Having six pistils.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hex`a*he"dral</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>In the form of a hexahedron; having six sides or faces.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hex`a*he"dron</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> E. <plw><b>Hexahedrons</b></plw> (#), L. <plw><b>Hexahedra</b></plw> (#). [<i>Hexa-</i> + Gr. &?; seat, base, fr. &?; to sit: cf. F. <i>hexa&egrave;dre</i>.] <i>(Geom.)</i> <def>A solid body of six sides or faces.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Regular hexahedron</b></col>, <cd>a hexagon having six equal squares for its sides; a cube.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Hex`a*hem"er*on</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. <grk>"e`x</grk> six + &?; day; cf. L. <i>hexa&euml;meron</i>, Gr. &?;.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A term of six days.</def> <i>Good.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The history of the six day's work of creation, as contained in the first chapter of Genesis.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hex*am"er*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Hexa-</i> + Gr.&?; part.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>In six parts; in sixes.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hex*am"e*ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., fr. Gr. &?; of six meters; (sc. &?;) hexameter verse; <grk>"e`x</grk> six + &?; measure: cf. F. <i>hexam&egrave;tre</i>. See <u>Six</u>, and <u>Meter</u>.] <i>(Gr. & Lat. Pros.)</i> <def>A verse of six feet, the first four of which may be either dactyls or spondees, the fifth must regularly be a dactyl, and the sixth always a spondee. In this species of verse are composed the Iliad of Homer and the &AElig;neid of Virgil. In English hexameters accent takes the place of quantity.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Leaped like the | roe when he | hears in the | woodland the | voice of the | huntsman.</blockquote> <i>Longfellow.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Strongly it | bears us a- | long on | swelling and | limitless | billows,<BR> Nothing be- | fore and | nothing be- | hind but the | sky and the | ocean.</blockquote> <i>Coleridge.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hex*am"e*ter</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having six metrical feet, especially dactyls and spondees.</def> <i>Holland.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Hex`a*met"ric</hw> (?), <hw>Hex`a*met"ric*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Consisting of six metrical feet.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hex*am"e*trist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who writes in hexameters.</def> "The Christian <i>hexametrists</i>." <i>Milman.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Hex*an"dri*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. <grk>"e`x</grk> six + &?;, &?;, a man, male: cf. F. <i>hexandrie</i>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A Linn&aelig;an class of plants having six stamens.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Hex*an"dri*an</hw> (?), <hw>Hex-an"drous</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>hexandre</i>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Having six stamens.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hex"ane</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>"e`x</grk> six.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Any one of five hydrocarbons, C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>14</sub>, of the paraffin series. They are colorless, volatile liquids, and are so called because the molecule has <i>six</i> carbon atoms.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hex*an"gu*lar</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Hex-</i> + <i>angular</i>. Cf. <u>Sexangular</u>.] <def>Having six angles or corners.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hex`a*pet"al*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Hexa-</i> + <i>petal</i>: cf. F. <i>hexap&eacute;tale</i>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Having six petals.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hex*aph"yl*lous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Hexa-</i> + Gr. &?; a leaf: cf. F. <i>hexaphylle</i>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Having six leaves or leaflets.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Hex"a*pla</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> Etym. <pos><i>pl.</i></pos>, but syntactically <pos><i>sing.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?;, contr. &?;, sixfold.] <def>A collection of the Holy Scriptures in six languages or six versions in parallel columns; particularly, the edition of the Old Testament published by Origen, in the 3d century.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hex"a*pod</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;, &?;, sixfooted; <grk>"e`x</grk> six + &?;, &?;, foot: cf. F. <i>hexapode</i>.] <def>Having six feet.</def> — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>An animal having six feet; one of the Hexapoda.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Hex*ap"o*da</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. <grk>"e`x</grk> six + <i>-poda</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The true, or six-legged, insects; insects other than myriapods and arachnids.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The Hexapoda have the head, thorax, and abdomen differentiated, and are mostly winged. They have three pairs of mouth organs, viz., mandibles, maxill&aelig;, and the second maxill&aelig; or labial palpi; three pairs of thoracic legs; and abdominal legs, which are present only in some of the lowest forms, and in the larval state of some of the higher ones. Many (the Metabola) undergo a complete metamorphosis, having larv&aelig; (known as maggots, grubs, caterpillars) very unlike the adult, and pass through a quiescent pupa state in which no food is taken; others (the Hemimetabola) have larv&aelig; much like the adult, expert in lacking wings, and an active pupa, in which rudimentary wings appear. See <u>Insecta</u>. The Hexapoda are divided into several orders.</p>

<p><hw>Hex*ap"o*dous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Having six feet; belonging to the Hexapoda.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hex*ap"ter*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Hexa-</i> + Gr. &?; wing.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Having six processes.</def> <i>Gray.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Hex"a*stich</hw> (?), <hw>||Hex*as"ti*chon</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>hexastichus</i> of six rows, lines, or verses, Gr. &?;; <grk>"e`x</grk> six + <grk>sti`chos</grk> row, line, verse.] <def>A poem consisting of six verses or lines.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hex"a*style</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; with six columns; <grk>"e`x</grk> six + column: cf. F. <i>hexastyle</i>.] <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>Having six columns in front; — said of a portico or temple.</def> — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A hexastyle portico or temple.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hex"a*teuch`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Hexa-</i> + &?; a tool, a book.] <def>The first six books of the Old Testament.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hex`a*tom"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Hex-</i> + <i>atomic</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>Having six atoms in the molecule.</def> [R.] <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>Having six replaceable radicals.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hex*av"a*lent</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Hexa-</i> + L. <i>valens</i>, <i>-entis</i>, <pos><i>p. pr.</i></pos> See <u>Valence</u>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Having a valence of six; — said of hexads.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hex"de*cyl</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Hex-</i> + <i>decyl</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>The essential radical, C<sub>16</sub>H<sub>33</sub>, of hecdecane.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hex`de*cyl"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, hexdecyl or hecdecane; as, <i>hexdecylic</i> alcohol.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hex*ei"ko*sane</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Hex-</i> + <i>eikosane</i>.] <i>(chem.)</i> <def>A hydrocarbon, C<sub>26</sub>H<sub>54</sub>, resembling paraffine; — so called because each molecule has <i>twenty-six</i> atoms of carbon.</def> [Written also <i>hexacosane</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Hex"ene</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>"e`x</grk> six.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Hexylene</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hex`i*col"ogy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; state or habit + <i>-logy</i>.] <def>The science which treats of the complex relations of living creatures to other organisms, and to their surrounding conditions generally.</def> <i>St. George Mivart.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hex"ine</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>"e`x</grk> six.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A hydrocarbon, C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>10</sub>, of the acetylene series, obtained artificially as a colorless, volatile, pungent liquid; — called also <i>hexoylene</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hex*oc`ta*he"dron</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Hex-</i> + <i>octahedron</i>.] <i>(Geom.)</i> <def>A solid having forty-eight equal triangular faces.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hex*o"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, hexane; as, <i>hexoic</i> acid.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hex"one</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Hex-</i> + <i>- one</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A liquid hydrocarbon, C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>8</sub>, of the valylene series, obtained from distillation products of certain fats and gums.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hex"yl</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Hex-</i> + <i>- yl</i>.] <i>(chem.)</i> <def>A compound radical, C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>13</sub>, regarded as the essential residue of <i>hexane</i>, and a related series of compounds.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hex"yl*ene</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Hex-</i> + <i>- yl</i> + ethl<i>ene</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A colorless, liquid hydrocarbon, C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>12</sub>, of the ethylene series, produced artificially, and found as a natural product of distillation of certain coals; also, any one several isomers of hexylene proper. Called also <i>hexene</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hex*yl"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(chem.)</i> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, hexyl or hexane; as, <i>hexylic</i> alcohol.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hey</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See <u>High</u>.] <def>High.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hey</hw> (?), <pos><i>interj.</i></pos> [OE. <i>hei</i>; cf. D. & G. <i>hei</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>An exclamation of joy, surprise, or encouragement.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A cry to set dogs on.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hey"day`</hw> (?), <pos><i>interj.</i></pos> [Cf. G. <i>heida</i>, or <i>hei da</i>, D. <i>hei daar</i>. Cf. <u>Hey</u>, and <u>There</u>.] <def>An expression of frolic and exultation, and sometimes of wonder.</def> <i>B. Jonson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hey"day`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Prob. for. <i>high day</i>. See <i>High</i>, and <u>Day</u>.] <def>The time of triumph and exultation; hence, joy, high spirits, frolicsomeness; wildness.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>heyday</i> in the blood is tame.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>In the <i>heyday</i> of their victories.</blockquote> <i>J. H. Newman.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hey"de*guy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Perh. fr. <i>heyday + guise</i>.] <def>A kind of country-dance or round.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Heyh</hw>, <hw>Heygh</hw> (&?;), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>High.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Heyne</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>he&aacute;n</i> low, mean.] <def>A wretch; a rascal.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hey"ten</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> [Icel. <i>h&?;&?;an</i>.] <def>Hence.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hi*a"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Hiatus</u>.] <def>Act of gaping.</def> [Obs.] <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hi*a"tus</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> L. <plw><b>Hiatus</b></plw>, E. <plw><b>Hiatuses</b></plw> (#). [L., fr. <i>hiare</i>, <i>hiatum</i>, to gape; akin to E. <i>yawn</i>. See <u>Yawn</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>An opening; an aperture; a gap; a chasm; esp., a defect in a manuscript, where some part is lost or effaced; a space where something is wanting; a break.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Gram.)</i> <def>The concurrence of two vowels in two successive words or syllables.</def> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hi*ber"na*cle</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>hibernaculum</i> a winter residence, pl. <i>hibernacula</i> winter quarters: cf. F. <i>hibernacle</i>. See <u>Hibernate</u>.] <def>That which serves for protection or shelter in winter; winter quarters; as, the <i>hibernacle</i> of an animal or a plant.</def> <i>Martyn.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Hi`ber*nac"u*lum</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Hibernacle</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A winter bud, in which the rudimentary foliage or flower, as of most trees and shrubs in the temperate zone, is protected by closely overlapping scales.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A little case in which certain insects pass the winter.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Winter home or abiding place.</def> <i>J. Burroughs.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hi*ber"nal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>hibernalis</i>, from the root of <i>hiems</i> winter; akin to Gr. &?; snow, Skr. <i>hima</i> cold, winter, snow: cf. F. <i>hibernal</i>.] <def>Belonging or relating to winter; wintry; winterish.</def> <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hi"ber*nate</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Hibernated</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Hibernating</u> (?).] [L. <i>hibernare</i>, <i>hibernatum</i>, fr. <i>hibernus</i> wintry. See <u>Hibernal</u>.] <def>To winter; to pass the season of winter in close quarters, in a torpid or lethargic state, as certain mammals, reptiles, and insects.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Inclination would lead me to <i>hibernate</i>, during half the year, in this uncomfortable climate of Great Britain.</blockquote> <i>Southey.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hi`ber*na"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>hibernation</i>.] <def>The act or state of hibernating.</def> <i>Evelyn.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hi*ber"ni*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>Hibernia</i>, Ireland.] <def>Of or pertaining to Hibernia, now Ireland; Irish.</def> — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A native or an inhabitant of Ireland.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Hi*ber"ni*cism</hw> (?), <hw>Hi*ber"ni*an*ism</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>An idiom or mode of speech peculiar to the Irish.</def> <i>Todd.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hi*ber"no-Celt"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The native language of the Irish; that branch of the Celtic languages spoken by the natives of Ireland. Also <i>adj</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hi*bis"cus</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., marsh mallow; cf. Gr. &?;.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A genus of plants (herbs, shrubs, or trees), some species of which have large, showy flowers. Some species are cultivated in India for their fiber, which is used as a substitute for hemp. See <u>Althea</u>, <u>Hollyhock</u>, and <u>Manoe</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hic"ci*us doc"ti*us</hw> (?). [Corrupted fr. L. <i>hic est doctus</i> this is a learned man.] <def>A juggler.</def> [Cant] <i>Hudibras.</i></p>

<p><! p. 692 !></p>

<p><hw>Hic"cough</hw> (?; 277), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>hickup</i>, <i>hicket</i>, <i>hickock</i>; prob. of imitative origin; cf. D. & Dan. <i>hik</i>, Sw. <i>hicka</i>, Armor. <i>hak</i>, <i>hik</i>, W. <i>ig</i>, F. <i>hoquet</i>.] <i>(Physiol.)</i> <def>A modified respiratory movement; a spasmodic inspiration, consisting of a sudden contraction of the diaphragm, accompanied with closure of the glottis, so that further entrance of air is prevented, while the impulse of the column of air entering and striking upon the closed glottis produces a sound, or hiccough.</def> [Written also <i>hickup</i> or hiccup.]</p>

<p><hw>Hic"cough</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Hiccoughed</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Hiccoughing</u>.] <def>To have a hiccough or hiccoughs.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hick"o*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [North American Indian <i>pawcohiccora</i> (Capt. J. Smith) a kind of milk or oily liquor pressed from pounded hickory nuts. "<i>Pohickory</i>" is named in a list of Virginia trees, in 1653, and this was finally shortened to "hickory." <i>J. H. Trumbull.</i>] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>An American tree of the genus <i>Carya</i>, of which there are several species. The shagbark is the <i>C. alba</i>, and has a very rough bark; it affords the hickory nut of the markets. The pignut, or brown hickory, is the <i>C. glabra</i>. The swamp hickory is <i>C. amara</i>, having a nut whose shell is very thin and the kernel bitter.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Hickory shad</b></col>. <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>The mattowacca, or fall herring.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>The gizzard shad.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Hicks"ite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A member or follower of the "liberal" party, headed by Elias <i>Hicks</i>, which, because of a change of views respecting the divinity of Christ and the Atonement, seceded from the conservative portion of the Society of Friends in the United States, in 1827.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hick"up</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. & v. i.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Hiccough</u>.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Hick"wall`</hw> (?), <hw>Hick"way`</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE., also <i>hyghwhele</i>, <i>highawe</i>.] <def>The lesser spotted woodpecker (<i>Dendrocopus minor</i>) of Europe.</def> [Prov. Eng.]</p>

<p><hw>Hid</hw> (?), <def><pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> of <u>Hide</u>. See <u>Hidden</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hid"age</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From <i>hide</i> a quantity of land.] <i>(O. Eng. Law.)</i> <def>A tax formerly paid to the kings of England for every hide of land.</def> [Written also <i>hydage</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Hi*dal"go</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Sp., contr. fr. <i>hijo de algo</i>, <i>i. e.</i>, son of something; <i>hijo</i> son (fr. LL. <i>filius</i>) + <i>algo</i> something, fr. L. <i>aliquod</i>. Cf. <u>Fidalgo</u>.] <def>A title, denoting a Spanish nobleman of the lower class.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hid"den</hw> (?), <pos><i>p. p. & a.</i></pos> <def>from <u>Hide</u>. Concealed; put out of view; secret; not known; mysterious.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Hidden fifths</b></col> or <col><b>octaves</b></col> <i>(Mus.)</i>, <cd>consecutive fifths or octaves, not sounded, but suggested or implied in the parallel motion of two parts towards a fifth or an octave.</cd></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — <u>Hidden</u>, <u>Secret</u>, <u>Covert</u>. <i>Hidden</i> may denote either known to on one; as, a <i>hidden</i> disease; or intentionally concealed; as, a <i>hidden</i> purpose of revenge. <i>Secret</i> denotes that the thing is known only to the party or parties concerned; as, a <i>secret</i> conspiracy. <i>Covert</i> literally denotes what is not <i>open</i> or avowed; as, a <i>covert</i> plan; but is often applied to what we mean shall be understood, without openly expressing it; as, a <i>covert</i> allusion. <i>Secret</i> is opposed to <i>known</i>, and <i>hidden</i> to <i>revealed</i>.</p>

<p><blockquote>Bring to light the <i>hidden</i> things of darkness.</blockquote> <i>1 Cor. iv. 5.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>My heart, which by a <i>secret</i> harmony<BR> Still moves with thine, joined in connection sweet.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>By what best way,<BR> Whether of open war, or <i>covert</i> guile,<BR> We now debate.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hid"den*ite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [After W. E. <i>Hidden</i>.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>An emerald-green variety of spodumene found in North Carolina; lithia emerald, — used as a gem.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hid"den*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a hidden manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hide</hw> (h&imacr;d), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp.</i></pos> <u>Hid</u> (h&ibreve;d); <pos><i>p. p.</i></pos> <u>Hidden</u> (h&ibreve;d"d'n), <u>Hid</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Hiding</u> (h&imacr;d"&ibreve;ng).] [OE. <i>hiden</i>, <i>huden</i>, AS. <i>h&ymacr;dan</i>; akin to Gr. <grk>key`qein</grk>, and prob. to E. <i>house</i>, <i>hut</i>, and perh. to E. <i>hide</i> of an animal, and to <i>hoard</i>. Cf. <u>Hoard</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To conceal, or withdraw from sight; to put out of view; to secrete.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A city that is set on an hill can not be <i>hid</i>.</blockquote> <i>Matt. v. 15.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>If circumstances lead me, I will find<BR> Where truth is <i>hid</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To withhold from knowledge; to keep secret; to refrain from avowing or confessing.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Heaven from all creatures <i>hides</i> the book of fate.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To remove from danger; to shelter.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>In the time of trouble he shall <i>hide</i> me in his pavilion.</blockquote> <i>Ps. xxvi. 5.</i></p>

<p><col><b>To hide one's self</b></col>, <cd>to put one's self in a condition to be safe; to secure protection.</cd> "A prudent man foreseeth the evil, and <i>hideth himself</i>." <i>Prov. xxii. 3.</i> — <col><b>To hide the face</b></col>, <cd>to withdraw favor.</cd> "Thou didst <i>hide thy face</i>, and I was troubled." <i>Ps. xxx. 7.</i> — <col><b>To hide the face from</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>To overlook; to pardon.</cd> "<i>Hide thy face from</i> my sins." <i>Ps. li. 9.</i> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>To withdraw favor from; to be displeased with.</cd></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — To conceal; secrete; disguise; dissemble; screen; cloak; mask; veil. See <u>Conceal</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Hide</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To lie concealed; to keep one's self out of view; to be withdrawn from sight or observation.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Bred to disguise, in public 'tis you <i>hide</i>.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Hide and seek</b></col>, <cd>a play of children, in which some hide themselves, and others seek them.</cd> <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hide</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>h&imacr;d</i>, earlier <i>h&imacr;ged</i>; prob. orig., land enough to support a family; cf. AS. <i>h&imacr;wan</i>, <i>h&imacr;gan</i>, members of a household, and E. <i>hind</i> a peasant.] <i>(O. Eng. Law.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>An abode or dwelling.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A measure of land, common in Domesday Book and old English charters, the quantity of which is not well ascertained, but has been differently estimated at 80, 100, and 120 acres.</def> [Written also <i>hyde</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Hide</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>hide</i>, <i>hude</i>, AS. <i>h&ymacr;d</i>; akin to D. <i>huid</i>, OHG. <i>h&umacr;t</i>, G. <i>haut</i>, Icel. <i>h&umacr;&eth;</i>, Dan. & Sw. <i>hud</i>, L. <i>cutis</i>, Gr. <grk>ky`tos</grk>; and cf. Gr. <grk>sky`tos</grk> skin, hide, L. <i>scutum</i> shield, and E. <i>sky</i>. &radic;13.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The skin of an animal, either raw or dressed; — generally applied to the undressed skins of the larger domestic animals, as oxen, horses, etc.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The human skin; — so called in contempt.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>O tiger's heart, wrapped in a woman's <i>hide</i>!</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hide</hw> (h&imacr;d), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Hided</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Hiding</u>.] <def>To flog; to whip.</def> [Prov. Eng. & Low, U. S.]</p>

<p><hw>Hide"bound`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Having the skin adhering so closely to the ribs and back as not to be easily loosened or raised; — said of an animal.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Hort.)</i> <def>Having the bark so close and constricting that it impedes the growth; — said of trees.</def> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Untractable; bigoted; obstinately and blindly or stupidly conservative.</def> <i>Milton. Carlyle.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Niggardly; penurious.</def> [Obs.] <i>Quarles.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hid"e*ous</hw> (h&ibreve;d"&esl;*&ubreve;s; 277), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [OE. <i>hidous</i>, OF. <i>hidous</i>, <i>hidos</i>, <i>hidus</i>, <i>hisdos</i>, <i>hisdous</i>, F. <i>hideux</i>: cf. OF. <i>hide</i>, <i>hisde</i>, fright; of uncertain origin; cf. OHG. <i>egid&imacr;</i> horror, or L. <i>hispidosus</i>, for <i>hispidus</i> rough, bristly, E. <i>hispid</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Frightful, shocking, or offensive to the eyes; dreadful to behold; as, a <i>hideous</i> monster; <i>hideous</i> looks.</def> "A piteous and <i>hideous</i> spectacle." <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Distressing or offensive to the ear; exciting terror or dismay; as, a <i>hideous</i> noise.</def> "<i>Hideous</i> cries." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Hateful; shocking.</def> "Sure, you have some <i>hideous</i> matter to deliver." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Frightful; ghastly; grim; grisly; horrid; dreadful; terrible.</p>

<p>— <wf>Hid"e*ous*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Hid"e*ous*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Hid"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who hides or conceals.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hid"ing</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The act of hiding or concealing, or of withholding from view or knowledge; concealment.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>There was the <i>hiding</i> of his power.</blockquote> <i>Hab. iii. 4.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hid"ing</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A flogging.</def> [Colloq.] <i>Charles Reade.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hie</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Hied</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Hying</u>.] [OE. <i>hien</i>, <i>hihen</i>, <i>highen</i>, AS. <i>higian</i> to hasten, strive; cf. L. <i>ciere</i> to put in motion, call upon, rouse, Gr. &?; to go, E. <i>cite</i>.] <def>To hasten; to go in haste; — also often with the reciprocal pronoun.</def> [Rare, except in poetry] "My husband <i>hies</i> him home." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The youth, returning to his mistress, <i>hies</i>.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hie</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Haste; diligence.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hi"ems</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L.] <def>Winter.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Hi"e*ra*pi"cra</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?; sacred + &?; bitter.] <i>(med.)</i> <def>A warming cathartic medicine, made of aloes and canella bark.</def> <i>Dunglison.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hi"er*arch</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [LL. <i>hierarcha</i>, Gr. &?;; <grk>"iero`s</grk> sacred (akin to Skr. <i>ishiras</i> vigorous, fresh, blooming) + &?; leader, ruler, fr. &?; to lead, rule: cf. F. <i>hi&eacute;rarque</i>.] <def>One who has high and controlling authority in sacred things; the chief of a sacred order; as, princely <i>hierarchs</i>.</def> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Hi"er*arch`al</hw> (?), <hw>Hi`er*arch"ic</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pertaining to a hierarch.</def> "The great <i>hierarchal</i> standard." <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hi`er*arch"ic*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>hi&eacute;rarchique</i>.] <def>Pertaining to a hierarchy.</def> — <wf>Hi`er*arch`ic*al*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> </p>

<p><hw>Hi"er*arch`ism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The principles or authority of a hierarchy.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The more dominant <i>hierarchism</i> of the West.</blockquote> <i>Milman.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hi"er*arch`y</hw> (-&ybreve;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Hierarchies</b></plw> (-&ibreve;z). [Gr. <grk>'ierarchi`a</grk>: cf. F. <i>hi&eacute;rarchie</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Dominion or authority in sacred things.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A body of officials disposed organically in ranks and orders each subordinate to the one above it; a body of ecclesiastical rulers.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A form of government administered in the church by patriarchs, metropolitans, archbishops, bishops, and, in an inferior degree, by priests.</def> <i>Shipley.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>A rank or order of holy beings.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Standards and gonfalons . . . for distinction serve<BR> Of <i>hierarchies</i>, of orders, and degrees.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hi`er*at"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>hieraticus</i>, Gr. &?;; akin to <grk>"iero`s</grk> sacred: cf. F. <i>hi&eacute;ratique</i>.] <def>Consecrated to sacred uses; sacerdotal; pertaining to priests.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Hieratic character</b></col>, <cd>a mode of ancient Egyptian writing; a modified form of hieroglyphics, tending toward a cursive hand and formerly supposed to be the sacerdotal character, as the <i>demotic</i> was supposed to be that of the people.</cd></p>

<p><blockquote>It was a false notion of the Greeks that of the three kinds of writing used by the Egyptians, two — for that reason called hieroglyphic and <i>hieratic</i> — were employed only for sacred, while the third, the demotic, was employed for secular, purposes. No such distinction is discoverable on the more ancient Egyptian monuments; bur we retain the old names founded on misapprehension.</blockquote> <i>W. H. Ward (Johnson's Cyc.).</i></p>

<p><hw>Hi`er*oc"ra*cy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>"iero`s</grk> sacred + &?; to be strong, rule.] <def>Government by ecclesiastics; a hierarchy.</def> <i>Jefferson.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Hi"er*o*glyph</hw> (?), <hw>Hi`er*o*glyph"ic</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>hi&eacute;roglyphe</i>. See <u>Hieroglyphic</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A sacred character; a character in picture writing, as of the ancient Egyptians, Mexicans, etc. Specifically, in the plural, the picture writing of the ancient Egyptian priests. It is made up of three, or, as some say, four classes of characters: first, the <i>hieroglyphic</i> proper, or figurative, in which the representation of the object conveys the idea of the object itself; second, the <i>ideographic</i>, consisting of symbols representing ideas, not sounds, as an ostrich feather is a symbol of truth; third, the <i>phonetic</i>, consisting of symbols employed as syllables of a word, or as letters of the alphabet, having a certain sound, as a hawk represented the vowel <i>a.</i></def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Any character or figure which has, or is supposed to have, a hidden or mysterious significance; hence, any unintelligible or illegible character or mark.</def> [Colloq.]</p>

<p>{ <hw>Hi`er*o*glyph"ic</hw> (?), <hw>Hi`er*o*glyph"ic*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>hieroglyphicus</i>, Gr. &?;; <grk>"iero`s</grk> sacred + <grk>gly`fein</grk> to carve: cf. F. <i>hi&eacute;roglyphique</i>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Emblematic; expressive of some meaning by characters, pictures, or figures; as, <i>hieroglyphic</i> writing; a <i>hieroglyphic</i> obelisk.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Pages no better than blanks to common minds, to his, hieroglyphical of wisest secrets.</blockquote> <i>Prof. Wilson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Resembling hieroglyphics; not decipherable.</def> "An <i>hieroglyphical</i> scrawl." <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hi`er*o*glyph`ic*ally</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In hieroglyphics.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hi`er*og"ly*phist</hw> (?; 277), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One versed in hieroglyphics.</def> <i>Gliddon.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hi"er*o*gram</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>"iero`s</grk> sacred + <i>-gram</i>.] <def>A form of sacred or hieratic writing.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hi`er*o*gram"mat"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>hi&eacute;rogrammatique</i>.] <def>Written in, or pertaining to, hierograms; expressive of sacred writing.</def> <i>Bp. Warburton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hi`er*o*gram"ma*tist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>hi&eacute;rogrammatiste</i>.] <def>A writer of hierograms; also, one skilled in hieroglyphics.</def> <i>Greenhill.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Hi`er*o*graph"ic</hw> (?), <hw>Hi`er*o*graph"ic*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>hierographicus</i>, Gr. &?;: cf. F. <i>hi&eacute;rographique</i>.] <def>Of or pertaining to sacred writing.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hi`er*og"ra*phy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;; <grk>"iero`s</grk> sacred + <grk>gra`fein</grk> to write: cf. F. <i>hi&eacute;rographie</i>.] <def>Sacred writing.</def> [R.] <i>Bailey.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hi`er*ol"a*try</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>"iero`s</grk> sacred + &?; worship, &?; to worship.] <def>The worship of saints or sacred things.</def> [R.] <i>Coleridge.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Hi`er*o*log"ic</hw> (?), <hw>Hi`er*o*log"ic*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>hi&eacute;rologique</i>.] <def>Pertaining to hierology.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hi`er*ol"o*gist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One versed in, or whostudies, hierology.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hi`er*ol"o*gy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;; <grk>"iero`s</grk> sacred + &?; discourse: cf. F. <i>hi&eacute;rologie</i>.] <def>A treatise on sacred things; especially, the science which treats of the ancient writings and inscriptions of the Egyptians, or a treatise on that science.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hi"er*o*man`cy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>"iero`s</grk> sacred + &?; divination: cf. F. <i>hi&eacute;romantie</i>.] <def>Divination by observing the objects offered in sacrifice.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hi"er*o*mar`tyr</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>"iero`s</grk> sacred + E. <i>martyr</i>.] <def>A priest who becomes a martyr.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Hi`e*rom*ne"mon</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., from Gr. &?;; <grk>"iero`s</grk> sacred + &?; mindful, fr. &?; to think on, remember.] <i>(Gr. Antiq.)</i> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The sacred secretary or recorder sent by each state belonging to the Amphictyonic Council, along with the deputy or minister.</def> <i>Liddel & Scott.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A magistrate who had charge of religious matters, as at Byzantium.</def> <i>Liddel & Scott.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Hi"er*on</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>"iero`n</grk>.] <def>A consecrated place; esp., a temple.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hi`er*on"y*mite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From St. <i>Hieronymus</i>, or Jerome.] <i>(Eccl.)</i> <def>See <u>Jeronymite</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hi*er"o*phant</hw> (h&isl;*&ebreve;r"&osl;*f<i>a</i>nt <i>or</i> h&imacr;"&etilde;r; 277), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>hierophanta</i>, <i>hierophantes</i>, Gr. <grk>"ierofa`nths</grk>; <grk>"iero`s</grk> sacred + <grk>fai`nein</grk> to show, make known: cf. F. <i>hi&eacute;rophante</i>.] <def>The presiding priest who initiated candidates at the Eleusinian mysteries; hence, one who teaches the mysteries and duties of religion.</def> <i>Abp Potter.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hi`er*o*phan"tic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;.] <def>Of or relating to hierophants or their teachings.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hi`er*os"co*py</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; divination; <grk>"iero`s</grk> sacred + &?; to view.] <def>Divination by inspection of entrails of victims offered in sacrifice.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Hi`er*o*the"ca</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>-c&aelig;</b></plw> (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?;; <grk>"iero`s</grk> sacred + &?; chest.] <def>A receptacle for sacred objects.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hi"er*our`gy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;; <grk>"iero`s</grk> sacred + &?; work.] <def>A sacred or holy work or worship.</def> [Obs.] <i>Waterland.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hi`fa*lu"tin</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Highfaluting</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hig"gle</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Higgled</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Higgling</u> (?).] [Cf. <u>Haggle</u>, or <u>Huckster</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To hawk or peddle provisions.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To chaffer; to stickle for small advantages in buying and selling; to haggle.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A person accustomed to <i>higgle</i> about taps.</blockquote> <i>Jeffry.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>To truck and <i>higgle</i> for a private good.</blockquote> <i>Emerson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hig`gle*dy-pig"gle*dy</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In confusion; topsy-turvy.</def> [Colloq.] <i>Johnson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hig"gler</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who higgles.</def></p>

<p><hw>High</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [See <u>Hie</u>.] <def>To hie.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Men must <i>high</i> them apace, and make haste.</blockquote> <i>Holland.</i></p>

<p><hw>High</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<pos><i>Compar.</i></pos> <u>Higher</u> (?); <pos><i>superl.</i></pos> <u>Highest</u>.] [OE. <i>high</i>, <i>hegh</i>, <i>hey</i>, <i>heh</i>, AS. <i>he&aacute;h</i>, <i>h&?;h</i>; akin to OS. <i>h&?;h</i>, OFries. <i>hag</i>, <i>hach</i>, D. <i>hoog</i>, OHG. <i>h&?;h</i>, G. <i>hoch</i>, Icel. <i>h&?;r</i>, Sw. <i>h&ouml;g</i>, Dan. <i>h&ouml;i</i>, Goth. <i>hauhs</i>, and to Icel. <i>haugr</i> mound, G. <i>h&uuml;gel</i> hill, Lith. <i>kaukaras</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Elevated above any starting point of measurement, as a line, or surface; having altitude; lifted up; raised or extended in the direction of the zenith; lofty; tall; as, a <i>high</i> mountain, tower, tree; the sun is <i>high</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Regarded as raised up or elevated; distinguished; remarkable; conspicuous; superior; — used indefinitely or relatively, and often in figurative senses, which are understood from the connection</def>; as —</p>

<p><sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>Elevated in character or quality, whether moral or intellectual; pre&euml;minent; honorable; as, <i>high</i> aims, or motives.</def> "The <i>highest</i> faculty of the soul." <i>Baxter.</i></p>

<p><sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>Exalted in social standing or general estimation, or in rank, reputation, office, and the like; dignified; as, she was welcomed in the <i>highest</i> circles.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He was a wight of <i>high</i> renown.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <def>Of noble birth; illustrious; as, of <i>high</i> family.</def></p>

<p><sd><i>(d)</i></sd> <def>Of great strength, force, importance, and the like; strong; mighty; powerful; violent; sometimes, triumphant; victorious; majestic, etc.; as, a <i>high</i> wind; <i>high</i> passions.</def> "With rather a <i>high</i> manner." <i>Thackeray.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Strong is thy hand, and <i>high</i> is thy right hand.</blockquote> <i>Ps. lxxxix. 13.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Can heavenly minds such <i>high</i> resentment show?</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><! p. 693 !></p>

<p><sd><i>(e)</i></sd> <def>Very abstract; difficult to comprehend or surmount; grand; noble.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Both meet to hear and answer such <i>high</i> things.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Plain living and <i>high</i> thinking are no more.</blockquote> <i>Wordsworth.</i></p>

<p><sd><i>(f)</i></sd> <def>Costly; dear in price; extravagant; as, to hold goods at a <i>high</i> price.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>If they must be good at so <i>high</i> a rate, they know they may be safe at a cheaper.</blockquote> <i>South.</i></p>

<p><sd><i>(g)</i></sd> <def>Arrogant; lofty; boastful; proud; ostentatious; — used in a bad sense.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>An <i>high</i> look and a proud heart . . . is sin.</blockquote> <i>Prov. xxi. 4.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>His forces, after all the <i>high</i> discourses, amounted really but to eighteen hundred foot.</blockquote> <i>Clarendon.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Possessing a characteristic quality in a supreme or superior degree; as, <i>high</i> (<i>i. e</i>., intense) heat; <i>high</i> (<i>i. e.</i>, full or quite) noon; <i>high</i> (<i>i. e.</i>, rich or spicy) seasoning; <i>high</i> (<i>i. e.</i>, complete) pleasure; <i>high</i> (<i>i. e.</i>, deep or vivid) color; <i>high</i> (<i>i. e.</i>, extensive, thorough) scholarship, etc.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>High</i> time it is this war now ended were.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><blockquote><i>High</i> sauces and spices are fetched from the Indies.</blockquote> <i>Baker.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Cookery)</i> <def>Strong-scented; slightly tainted; as, epicures do not cook game before it is <i>high</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <i>(Mus.)</i> <def>Acute or sharp; — opposed to <i>grave</i> or <i>low</i>; as, a <i>high</i> note.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <i>(Phon.)</i> <def>Made with a high position of some part of the tongue in relation to the palate, as &emacr; (&emacr;ve), &oomac; (f&oomac;d). See <i>Guide to Pronunciation</i>, &sect;&sect; 10, 11.</def></p>

<p><col><b>High admiral</b></col>, <cd>the chief admiral.</cd> — <col><b>High altar</b></col>, <cd>the principal altar in a church.</cd> — <col><b>High and dry</b></col>, <cd>out of water; out of reach of the current or tide; — said of a vessel, aground or beached.</cd> — <col><b>High and mighty</b></col> <cd>arrogant; overbearing.</cd> [Colloq.] — <col><b>High art</b></col>, <cd>art which deals with lofty and dignified subjects and is characterized by an elevated style avoiding all meretricious display.</cd> — <col><b>High bailiff</b></col>, <cd>the chief bailiff.</cd> — <col><b>High Church</b></col>, &and; <col><b>Low Church</b></col>, <cd>two ecclesiastical parties in the Church of England and the Protestant Episcopal Church. The high-churchmen emphasize the doctrine of the apostolic succession, and hold, in general, to a sacramental presence in the Eucharist, to baptismal regeneration, and to the sole validity of Episcopal ordination. They attach much importance to ceremonies and symbols in worship. Low-churchmen lay less stress on these points, and, in many instances, reject altogether the peculiar tenets of the high-church school. See <u>Broad Church</u>.</cd> — <col><b>High constable</b></col> <i>(Law)</i>, <cd>a chief of constabulary. See <u>Constable</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, 2.</cd> — <col><b>High commission court</b></col>,<cd>a court of ecclesiastical jurisdiction in England erected and united to the regal power by Queen Elizabeth in 1559. On account of the abuse of its powers it was abolished in 1641.</cd> — <col><b>High day</b></col> <i>(Script.)</i>, <cd>a holy or feast day.</cd> <i>John xix. 31.</i> — <col><b>High festival</b></col> <i>(Eccl.)</i>, <cd>a festival to be observed with full ceremonial.</cd> — <col><b>High German</b></col>, or <col><b>High Dutch</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>German</u>.</cd> — <col><b>High jinks</b></col>, <cd>an old Scottish pastime; hence, noisy revelry; wild sport.</cd> [Colloq.] "All the <i>high jinks</i> of the county, when the lad comes of age." <i>F. Harrison.</i> — <col><b>High latitude</b></col> <i>(Geog.)</i>, <cd>one designated by the higher figures; consequently, a latitude remote from the equator.</cd> — <col><b>High life</b></col>, <cd>life among the aristocracy or the rich.</cd> — <col><b>High liver</b></col>, <cd>one who indulges in a rich diet.</cd> — <col><b>High living</b></col>, <cd>a feeding upon rich, pampering food.</cd> — <col><b>High Mass</b></col>. <i>(R. C. Ch.)</i> <cd>See under <u>Mass</u>.</cd> — <col><b>High milling</b></col>, <cd>a process of making flour from grain by several successive grindings and intermediate sorting, instead of by a single grinding.</cd> — <col><b>High noon</b></col>, <cd>the time when the sun is in the meridian.</cd> — <col><b>High place</b></col> <i>(Script.)</i>, <cd>an eminence or mound on which sacrifices were offered.</cd> — <col><b>High priest</b></col>. <cd>See in the Vocabulary.</cd> — <col><b>High relief</b></col>. <i>(Fine Arts)</i> <cd>See <u>Alto-rilievo</u>.</cd> — <col><b>High school</b></col>. See under <u>School</u>. <col><b>High seas</b></col> <i>(Law)</i>, <cd>the open sea; the part of the ocean not in the territorial waters of any particular sovereignty, usually distant three miles or more from the coast line.</cd> <i>Wharton.</i> — <col><b>High steam</b></col>, <cd>steam having a high pressure.</cd> — <col><b>High steward</b></col>, <cd>the chief steward.</cd> — <col><b>High tea</b></col>, <cd>tea with meats and extra relishes.</cd> — <col><b>High tide</b></col>, <cd>the greatest flow of the tide; high water.</cd> — <col><b>High time</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>Quite time; full time for the occasion.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>A time of great excitement or enjoyment; a carousal.</cd> [Slang] — <col><b>High treason</b></col>, <cd>treason against the sovereign or the state, the highest civil offense. See <u>Treason</u>.</cd></p>

<p>&fist; It is now sufficient to speak of high treason as treason simply, seeing that petty treason, as a distinct offense, has been abolished. <i>Mozley & W.</i></p>

<p>— <col><b>High water</b></col>, <cd>the utmost flow or greatest elevation of the tide; also, the time of such elevation.</cd> — <col><b>High-water mark</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>That line of the seashore to which the waters ordinarily reach at high water.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>A mark showing the highest level reached by water in a river or other body of fresh water, as in time of freshet.</cd> — <col><b>High-water shrub</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>a composite shrub (<i>Iva frutescens</i>), growing in salt marshes along the Atlantic coast of the United States.</cd> — <col><b>High wine</b></col>, <cd>distilled spirits containing a high percentage of alcohol; — usually in the plural.</cd> — <col><b>To be on a high horse</b></col>, <cd>to be on one's dignity; to bear one's self loftily.</cd> [Colloq.] — <col><b>With a high hand</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>With power; in force; triumphantly.</cd> "The children of Israel went out <i>with a high hand</i>." <i>Ex. xiv. 8.</i> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>In an overbearing manner, arbitrarily.</cd> "They governed the city <i>with a high hand</i>." <i>Jowett (Thucyd. ).</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Tall; lofty; elevated; noble; exalted; supercilious; proud; violent; full; dear. See <u>Tall</u>.</p>

<p><hw>High</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a high manner; in a high place; to a great altitude; to a great degree; largely; in a superior manner; eminently; powerfully.</def> "And reasoned <i>high</i>." <i>Milton.</i> "I can not reach so <i>high</i>." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p>&fist; <i>High</i> is extensively used in the formation of compound words, most of which are of very obvious signification; as, <i>high</i>-aimed, <i>high</i>-arched, <i>high</i>-aspiring, <i>high</i>-bearing, <i>high</i>-boasting, <i>high</i>-browed, <i>high</i>-crested, <i>high</i>-crowned, <i>high</i>-designing, <i>high</i>-engendered, <i>high</i>-feeding, <i>high</i>-flaming, <i>high</i>-flavored, <i>high</i>-gazing, <i>high</i>-heaped, <i>high</i>-heeled, <i>high</i>-priced, <i>high</i>-reared, <i>high</i>-resolved, <i>high</i>-rigged, <i>high</i>-seated, <i>high</i>-shouldered, <i>high</i>-soaring, <i>high</i>-towering, <i>high</i>-voiced, and the like.</p>

<p><col><b>High and low</b></col>, <cd>everywhere; in all supposable places; as, I hunted <i>high and low</i>.</cd> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><hw>High</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>An elevated place; a superior region; a height; the sky; heaven.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>People of rank or high station; as, <i>high</i> and low.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Card Playing)</i> <def>The highest card dealt or drawn.</def></p>

<p><col><b>High, low, jack, and the game</b></col>, <cd>a game at cards; — also called <i>all fours</i>, <i>old sledge</i>, and <i>seven up</i>.</cd> — <col><b>In high and low</b></col>, <cd>utterly; completely; in every respect.</cd> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i> — <col><b>On high</b></col>, <cd>aloft; above.</cd></p>

<p><blockquote>The dayspring from <i>on high</i> hath visited us.</blockquote> <i>Luke i. 78.</i></p>

<p>— <col><b>The Most High</b></col>, <cd>the Supreme Being; God.</cd></p>

<p><hw>High</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To rise; as, the sun <i>higheth</i>.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>High"bind`er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A ruffian; one who hounds, or spies upon, another; app. esp. to the members of certain alleged societies among the Chinese.</def> [U. S.]</p>

<p><hw>High"-blown`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Inflated, as with conceit.</def></p>

<p><hw>High"born`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of noble birth.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>High"-bred`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Bred in high life; of pure blood.</def> <i>Byron.</i></p>

<p><hw>High"-built`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of lofty structure; tall.</def> "<i>High-built</i> organs." <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>high-built</i> elephant his castle rears.</blockquote> <i>Creech.</i></p>

<p><hw>High"-church`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to, or favoring, the party called the High Church, or their doctrines or policy. See <i>High Church</i>, under <u>High</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos></def></p>

<p><hw>High"-church`ism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The principles of the high-church party.</def></p>

<p><hw>High"-church`man</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>-men</b></plw> (&?;). <def>One who holds high-church principles.</def></p>

<p><hw>High"-church`man-ship</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The state of being a high-churchman.</def> <i>J. H. Newman.</i></p>

<p><hw>High"-col`ored</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Having a strong, deep, or glaring color; flushed.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Vivid; strong or forcible in representation; hence, exaggerated; as, <i>high-colored</i> description.</def></p>

<p><hw>High"-em*bowed `</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having lofty arches.</def> "The <i>high-embowed</i> roof." <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>High"er*ing</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Rising higher; ascending.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>In ever <i>highering</i> eagle circles.</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><hw>High`fa*lu"ting</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Perh. a corruption of <i>highflighting</i>.] <def>High-flown, bombastic language.</def> [Written also <i>hifalutin</i>.] [Jocular, U. S.] <i>Lowell.</i> </p>

<p><hw>High"-fed`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pampered; fed luxuriously.</def></p>

<p><hw>High"-fin`ished</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Finished with great care; polished.</def></p>

<p><hw>High"fli`er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who is extravagant in pretensions, opinions, or manners.</def> <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><hw>High"-flown`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Elevated; proud.</def> "<i>High-flown</i> hopes." <i>Denham.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Turgid; extravagant; bombastic; inflated; as, <i>high-flown</i> language.</def> <i>M. Arnold.</i></p>

<p><hw>High"-flushed`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Elated.</def> <i>Young.</i></p>

<p><hw>High"fly`ing</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Extravagant in opinions or ambition.</def> "<i>Highflying</i>, arbitrary kings." <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>High"-go`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A spree; a revel.</def> [Low]</p>

<p><hw>High"-hand`ed</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Overbearing; oppressive; arbitrary; violent; as, a <i>high-handed</i> act.</def></p>

<p><hw>High"-heart`ed</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Full of courage or nobleness; high-souled.</def> — <wf>High"- heart`ed*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>High"-hoe`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The European green woodpecker or yaffle.</def> [Written also <i>high-hoo</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>High"-hold`er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The flicker; — called also <i>high- hole</i>.</def> [Local, U. S.]</p>

<p><hw>High"land</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Elevated or mountainous land; (often in the <i>pl.</i>) an elevated region or country; as, the <i>Highlands</i> of Scotland.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Highland fling</b></col>, <cd>a dance peculiar to the Scottish Highlanders; a sort of hornpipe.</cd></p>

<p><hw>High"land*er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>An inhabitant of highlands, especially of the <i>Highlands</i> of Scotland.</def></p>

<p><hw>High"land*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Highlanders, collectively.</def></p>

<p><hw>High"-low`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A laced boot, ankle high.</def></p>

<p><hw>High"ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a high manner, or to a high degree; very much; as, <i>highly</i> esteemed.</def></p>

<p><hw>High"men</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> <def>Loaded dice so contrived as to turn up high numbers.</def> [Obs] <i>Sir J. Harrington.</i></p>

<p><hw>High"-met`tled</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having abundance of mettle; ardent; full of fire; as, a <i>high-mettled</i> steed.</def></p>

<p><hw>High"-mind"ed</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Proud; arrogant.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Be not <i>high-minded</i>, but fear.</blockquote> <i>Rom. xi. 20.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Having, or characterized by, honorable pride; of or pertaining to elevated principles and feelings; magnanimous; — opposed to <i>mean</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>High-minded</i>, manly recognition of those truths.</blockquote> <i>A. Norton.</i></p>

<p><hw>High"-mind`ed*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality of being highminded; nobleness; magnanimity.</def></p>

<p><hw>High"most`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Highest.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>High"ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>he&aacute;hnes</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The state of being high; elevation; loftiness.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A title of honor given to kings, princes, or other persons of rank; as, His Royal <i>Highness</i>.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>High"-palmed`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Having high antlers; bearing full-grown antlers aloft.</def></p>

<p><hw>High"-pres`sure</hw> (?; 135), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Having or involving a pressure greatly exceeding that of the atmosphere; — said of steam, air, water, etc., and of steam, air, or hydraulic engines, water wheels, etc.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Fig.: Urgent; intense; as, a <i>high- pressure</i> business or social life.</def></p>

<p><col><b>High-pressure engine</b></col>, <cd>an engine in which steam at high pressure is used. It may be either a condensing or a noncondensing engine. Formerly the term was used only of the latter. See <u>Steam engine</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>High" priest`</hw> (?). <i>(Eccl.)</i> <def>A chief priest; esp., the head of the Jewish priesthood.</def></p>

<p><hw>High"-priest`hood</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The office, dignity, or position of a high priest.</def></p>

<p><hw>High"-priest`ship</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>High- priesthood.</def></p>

<p><hw>High"-prin`ci*pled</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Possessed of noble or honorable principles.</def></p>

<p><hw>High"-proof`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Highly rectified; very strongly alcoholic; as, <i>high-proof</i> spirits.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>So as to stand any test.</def> "We are <i>high-proof</i> melancholy." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>High"-raised`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Elevated; raised aloft; upreared.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Elated with great ideas or hopes.</def> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>High"-reach`ing</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Reaching high or upward; hence, ambitious; aspiring.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>High"-red`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of a strong red color.</def></p>

<p><hw>High"road`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A highway; a much traveled or main road.</def></p>

<p><hw>High"-sea`soned</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Enriched with spice and condiments; hence, exciting; piquant.</def></p>

<p><hw>High"-sight`ed</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Looking upward; supercilious.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>High"-souled`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having a high or noble spirit; honorable.</def> <i>E. Everett.</i></p>

<p><hw>High"-sound`ing</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pompous; noisy; ostentatious; as, <i>high-sounding</i> words or titles.</def></p>

<p><hw>High"-spir`it*ed</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Full of spirit or natural fire; haughty; courageous; impetuous; not brooking restraint or opposition.</def></p>

<p><hw>High"-step`per</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A horse that moves with a high step or proud gait; hence, a person having a proud bearing.</def> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><hw>High"-stom`ached</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having a lofty spirit; haughty.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>High"-strung`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Strung to a high pitch; spirited; sensitive; as, a <i>high-strung</i> horse.</def></p>

<p><hw>High"-swell`ing</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Inflated; boastful.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hight</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A variant of <u>Height</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hight</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t. & i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp.</i></pos> <u>Hight</u>, <u>Hot</u> (&?;), <pos><i>p. p.</i></pos> <u>Hight</u>, <u>Hote</u> (&?;), <u>Hoten</u> (&?;). See <u>Hote</u>.] [OE. <i>heiten</i>, <i>highten</i>, <i>haten</i>, <i>hoten</i>; also <i>hight</i>, <i>hatte</i>, <i>hette</i>, is called, was called, AS. <i>h&amacr;tan</i> to call, name, be called, to command, promise; also <i>h&amacr;tte</i> is called, was called; akin to G. <i>heissen</i> to call, be called, bid, Goth. <i>haitan</i> to call, in the passive, to be called.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To be called or named.</def> [Archaic & Poetic.]</p>

<p>&fist; In the form <i>hight</i>, it is used in a passive sense as a present, meaning <i>is called</i> or <i>named</i>, also as a preterite, <i>was called</i> or <i>named</i>. This form has also been used as a past participle. See <u>Hote</u>.</p>

<p><blockquote>The great poet of Italy,<BR> That <i>highte</i> Dante.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Bright was her hue, and Geraldine she <i>hight</i>.</blockquote> <i>Surrey.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Entered then into the church the Reverend Teacher.<BR> Father he <i>hight</i>, and he was, in the parish.</blockquote> <i>Longfellow.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Childe Harold was he <i>hight</i>.</blockquote> <i>Byron.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To command; to direct; to impel.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>But the sad steel seized not where it was <i>hight</i><BR> Upon the child, but somewhat short did fall.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To commit; to intrust.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Yet charge of them was to a porter <i>hight</i>.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To promise.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>He had hold his day, as he had <i>hight</i>.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hight"en*er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>That which heightens.</def></p>

<p><hw>Highth</hw> (h&imacr;th or h&imacr;tth), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def><i>Variant</i> of <u>Height</u>.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>High"-toned`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>High in tone or sound.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Elevated; high-principled; honorable.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>In whose <i>high-toned</i> impartial mind<BR>
Degrees of mortal rank and state<BR>
Seem objects of indifferent weight.</blockquote> <i>Sir W.
Scott.</i></p>

<p><hw>High"-top`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A ship's masthead.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>High"ty-tigh"ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Hoity- toity.</def></p>

<p><hw>High"way`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A road or way open to the use of the public; a main road or thoroughfare.</def></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Way; road; path; course.</p>

<p><hw>High"way`man</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Highwaymen</b></plw> (&?;). <def>One who robs on the public road; a highway robber.</def></p>

<p><hw>High"-wrought`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Wrought with fine art or skill; elaborate.</def> [Obs.] <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Worked up, or swollen, to a high degree; as, a <i>highwrought</i> passion.</def> "A <i>high-wrought</i> flood." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hi"gre</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Eagre</u>.</def> [Obs.] <i>Drayton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hig"-ta`per</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. <u>Hag- taper</u>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A plant of the genus <i>Verbascum</i> (<i>V. Thapsus</i>); the common mullein. [Also <i>high-taper</i> and <i>hag-taper</i>.]</def></p>

<p><hw>Hij"e*ra</hw> (?), <hw>Hij"ra</hw> (&?;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Hegira</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hi"lal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to a hilum.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hi"lar</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Belonging to the hilum.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hi*la"ri*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>hilaris</i>, <i>hilarus</i>, Gr. &?;; cf. &?; gracious, kindly.] <def>Mirthful; noisy; merry.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hi*lar"i*ty</hw> (?; 277), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>hilaritas</i>: cf. F. <i>hilarit&eacute;</i>. See <u>Hilarious</u>.] <def>Boisterous mirth; merriment; jollity.</def> <i>Goldsmith.</i></p>

<p>&fist; <i>Hilarity</i> differs from <i>joy</i>: the latter, excited by good news or prosperity, is an affection of the mind; the former, produced by social pleasure, drinking, etc., which rouse the animal spirits, is more demonstrative.</p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Glee; cheerfulness; mirth; merriment; gayety; joyousness; exhilaration; joviality; jollity.</p>

<p><hw>Hil"a*ry term`</hw> (?). <def>Formerly, one of the four terms of the courts of common law in England, beginning on the eleventh of January and ending on the thirty-first of the same month, in each year; — so called from the festival of St. Hilary, January 13th.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The Hilary term is superseded by the Hilary sittings, which commence on the eleventh of January and end on the Wednesday before Easter. <i>Mozley & W.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hil"ding</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Prob. a corruption of <i>hindling</i>, dim. of <i>hind</i>, adj. Cf. Prov. E. <i>hilderling</i>, <i>hinderling</i>. See <u>Hinderling</u>.] <def>A base, menial wretch.</def> — <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Base; spiritless.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hile</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To hide. See <u>Hele</u>.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hile</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Hilum</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hill</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>hil</i>, <i>hul</i>, AS. <i>hyll</i>; akin to OD. <i>hille</i>, <i>hil</i>, L. <i>collis</i>, and prob. to E. <i>haulm</i>, <i>holm</i>, and <i>column</i>. Cf. 2d <u>Holm</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A natural elevation of land, or a mass of earth rising above the common level of the surrounding land; an eminence less than a mountain.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Every mountain and <i>hill</i> shall be made low.</blockquote> <i>Is. xl. 4.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The earth raised about the roots of a plant or cluster of plants. [U. S.] See <u>Hill</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos></def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A single cluster or group of plants growing close together, and having the earth heaped up about them; as, a <i>hill</i> of corn or potatoes.</def> [U. S.]</p>

<p><col><b>Hill ant</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a common ant (<i>Formica rufa</i>), of Europe and America, which makes mounds or ant-hills over its nests.</cd> — <col><b>Hill myna</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>one of several species of birds of India, of the genus <i>Gracula</i>, and allied to the starlings. They are easily taught to speak many words. [Written also <i>hill mynah</i>.] See <u>Myna</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Hill partridge</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a partridge of the genus <i>Aborophila</i>, of which numerous species in habit Southern Asia and the East Indies.</cd> — <col><b>Hill tit</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>one of numerous species of small Asiatic singing birds of the family <i>Leiotrichid&aelig;</i>. Many are beautifully colored.</cd></p>

<p><! p. 694 !></p>

<p><hw>Hill</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Hilled</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Hilling</u>.] <def>To surround with earth; to heap or draw earth around or upon; as, to <i>hill</i> corn.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Showing them how to plant and <i>hill</i> it.</blockquote> <i>Palfrey.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hill"i*ness</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The state of being hilly.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hill"ing</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The act or process of heaping or drawing earth around plants.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hill"ock</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A small hill.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hill"side`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The side or declivity of a hill.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hill"top`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The top of a hill.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hill"y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Abounding with hills; uneven in surface; as, a <i>hilly</i> country.</def> "<i>Hilly</i> steep." <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Lofty; as, <i>hilly</i> empire.</def> [Obs.] <i>Beau. & Fl.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hilt</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>hilt</i>, <i>hilte</i>; akin to OHG. <i>helza</i>, Prov. G. <i>hilze</i>, Icel. <i>hjalt</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A handle; especially, the handle of a sword, dagger, or the like.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hilt"ed</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having a hilt; — used in composition; as, basket-<i>hilted</i>, cross- <i>hilted</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hi"lum</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., a little thing, trifle.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The eye of a bean or other seed; the mark or scar at the point of attachment of an ovule or seed to its base or support; — called also <i>hile</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>The part of a gland, or similar organ, where the blood vessels and nerves enter; the hilus; as, the <i>hilum</i> of the kidney.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Hi"lus</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Hilum</u>, 2.</def></p>

<p><hw>Him</hw> (?), <pos><i>pron.</i></pos> <def>Them. See <u>Hem</u>.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Him</hw>, <pos><i>pron.</i></pos> [AS. <i>him</i>, dat. of <i>h&emacr;</i>. &radic;183. See <u>He</u>.] <def>The objective case of <i>he</i>. See <u>He</u>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Him</i> that is weak in the faith receive.</blockquote> <i>Rom. xiv. 1.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Friends who have given <i>him</i> the most sympathy.</blockquote> <i>Thackeray.</i></p>

<p>&fist; In old English <i>his</i> and <i>him</i> were respectively the genitive and dative forms of <i>it</i> as well as of <i>he</i>. <i>This use is now obsolete</i>. <i>Poetically</i>, <i>him</i> is sometimes used with the reflexive sense of <i>himself</i>.</p>

<p><blockquote>I never saw but Humphrey, duke of Gloster,<BR> Did bear <i>him</i> like a noble gentleman.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hi*ma"la*yan</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Skr. <i>him&amacr;laya</i>, prop., the abode of snow.] <def>Of or pertaining to the Himalayas, the great mountain chain in Hindostan.</def></p>

<p><hw>Himp"ne</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A hymn.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Him*self"</hw> (?), <pos><i>pron.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>An emphasized form of the third person masculine pronoun; — used as a subject usually with <i>he</i>; as, he <i>himself</i> will bear the blame; used alone in the predicate, either in the nominative or objective case; as, it is <i>himself</i> who saved <i>himself</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>But he <i>himself</i> returned from the quarries.</blockquote> <i>Judges iii. 19.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>David hid <i>himself</i> in the field.</blockquote> <i>1 Sam. xx. 24.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The Lord <i>himself</i> shall give you a sign.</blockquote> <i>Is. vii. 14.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Who gave <i>himself</i> for us, that he might . . . purify unto <i>himself</i> a peculiar people.</blockquote> <i>Titus ii. 14.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>With shame remembers, while <i>himself</i> was one<BR> Of the same herd, <i>himself</i> the same had done.</blockquote> <i>Denham.</i></p>

<p>&fist; <i>Himself</i> was formerly used instead of <i>itself</i>. See Note under <u>Him</u>.</p>

<p><blockquote>It comprehendeth in <i>himself</i> all good.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>One's true or real character; one's natural temper and disposition; the state of being in one's right or sane mind (after unconsciousness, passion, delirium, or abasement); as, the man has come to <i>himself</i>.</def></p>

<p><col><b>By himself</b></col>, <cd>alone; unaccompanied; apart; sequestered; as, he sits or studies <i>by himself</i>.</cd> — <col><b>To leave one to himself</b></col>, <cd>to withdraw from him; to let him take his own course.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Him*self"</hw> (?), <hw>Him*selve"</hw> (&?;), <hw>Him*selv"en</hw> (&?;), <pos><i>pron. pl.</i></pos> <def>Themselves. See <u>Hemself</u>.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Him*selve"</hw> (?), <pos><i>pron.</i></pos> <def>See 1st <u>Himself</u>.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p>{ <hw>Him*yar"ic</hw> (?), <hw>Him`ya*rit"ic</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pertaining to Himyar, an ancient king of Yemen, in Arabia, or to his successors or people; as, the <i>Himjaritic</i> characters, language, etc.; applied esp. to certain ancient inscriptions showing the primitive type of the oldest form of the Arabic, still spoken in Southern Arabia.</def> <i>Brande & C.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hin</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Heb. <i>h&imacr;n</i>.] <def>A Hebrew measure of liquids, containing three quarts, one pint, one gill, English measure.</def> <i>W. H. Ward.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hind</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>hind</i>; akin to D. <i>hinde</i>, OHG. <i>hinta</i>, G. <i>hinde</i>, <i>hindin</i>, Icel., Sw., & Dan. <i>hind</i>, and perh. to Goth. <i>hinpan</i> to seize (in comp.), E. <i>hunt</i>, or cf. Gr. &?; a young deer.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The female of the red deer, of which the male is the stag.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A spotted food fish of the genus <i>Epinephelus</i>, as <i>E. apua</i> of Bermuda, and <i>E. Drummond-hayi</i> of Florida; — called also <i>coney</i>, <i>John Paw</i>, <i>spotted hind</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hind</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>hine</i>, AS. <i>h&imacr;ne</i>, <i>h&imacr;na</i>, orig. gen. pl. of <i>h&imacr;wan</i> domestics; akin to Icel. <i>hj&umacr;</i> man and wife, domestics, family, Goth. <i>heiwa</i>frauja master of the house, G. <i>hei</i>rath marriage; cf. L. <i>civis</i> citizen, E. <i>city</i> or E. <i>home</i>. Cf. <u>Hide</u> a measure of land.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A domestic; a servant.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A peasant; a rustic; a farm servant.</def> [Eng.]</p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>hind</i>, that homeward driving the slow steer<BR> Tells how man's daily work goes forward here.</blockquote> <i>Trench.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hind</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<pos><i>Compar.</i></pos> <u>Hinder</u> (?); <pos><i>superl.</i></pos> <u>Hindmost</u> (?), or <u>Hindermost</u> (&?;).] [OE. <i>hind</i>, adv., back, AS. <i>hindan</i> behind. See <u>Hinder</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <def>In the rear; — opposed to <i>front</i>; of or pertaining to the part or end which follows or is behind, in opposition to the part which leads or is before; as, the <i>hind</i> legs or <i>hind</i> feet of a quadruped; the <i>hind</i> man in a procession.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hind"ber*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>hindberie</i>; akin to OHG. <i>hintberi</i>, G. <i>himbeere</i>. So called because hinds or stags are fond of them. See 1st <u>Hind</u>, and <u>Berry</u>.] <def>The raspberry.</def> [Prov. Eng.]</p>

<p><hw>Hind"brain`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Hind</i>, adj. + <i>brain</i>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>The posterior of the three principal divisions of the brain, including the epencephalon and metencephalon. Sometimes restricted to the <i>epencephalon</i> only.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hind"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [OE. <i>hindere</i>, AS. hinder, adv., behind; akin to OHG. <i>hintar</i>, prep., behind, G. <i>hinter</i>, Goth. <i>hindar</i>; orig. a comparative, and akin to AS. <i>hine</i> hence. See <u>Hence</u>, <u>He</u>, and cf. <u>Hind</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>, <u>Hindmost</u>.] <def>Of or belonging to that part or end which is in the rear, or which follows; as, the <i>hinder</i> part of a wagon; the <i>hinder</i> parts of a horse.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He was in the <i>hinder</i> part of the ship.</blockquote> <i>Mark iv. 38.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hin"der</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Hindered</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Hindering</u>.] [OE. <i>hindren</i>, <i>hinderen</i>, AS. <i>hindrian</i>, fr. <i>hinder</i> behind; akin to D. <i>hinderen</i>, G. <i>hindern</i>, OHG. <i>hintar&?;n</i>, Icel. & Sw. <i>hindra</i>, Dan. <i>hindre</i>. See <u>Hinder</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To keep back or behind; to prevent from starting or moving forward; to check; to retard; to obstruct; to bring to a full stop; — often followed by <i>from</i>; as, an accident <i>hindered</i> the coach; drought <i>hinders</i> the growth of plants; to <i>hinder</i> me from going.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Them that were entering in ye <i>hindered</i>.</blockquote> <i>Luke xi. 52.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>I <i>hinder</i> you too long.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To prevent or embarrass; to debar; to shut out.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>What <i>hinders</i> younger brothers, being fathers of families, from having the same right?</blockquote> <i>Locke.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — To check; retard; impede; delay; block; clog; prevent; stop; interrupt; counteract; thwart; oppose; obstruct; debar; embarrass.</p>

<p><hw>Hin"der</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To interpose obstacles or impediments; to be a hindrance.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>This objection <i>hinders</i> not but that the heroic action of some commander . . . may be written.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hin"der*ance</hw> (?). <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Hindrance</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hin"der*er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who, or that which, hinders.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hind"er*est</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Hindermost; — <pos><i>superl.</i></pos> of <u>Hind</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos></def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hind"er*ling</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>hinderling</i> one who comes behind his ancestors, fr. AS. <i>hinder</i> behind. See <u>Hinder</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>, and cf. <u>Hilding</u>.] <def>A worthless, base, degenerate person or animal.</def> [Obs.] <i>Callander.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Hind"er*most`</hw>, <hw>Hind"most`</hw> } (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [The superlative of <i>hind</i>. See <u>Hind</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] [Cf. AS. <i>hindema</i> (akin to Goth. <i>hindumists</i>), a superlative from the same source as the comparative <i>hinder</i>. See <u>Hinder</u>, a., and cf. <u>Aftermost</u>.] <def>Furthest in or toward the rear; last.</def> "Rachel and Joseph <i>hindermost</i>." <i>Gen. xxxiii. 2.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hind"gut`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Hind</i>, a. + <i>gut</i>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>The posterior part of the alimentary canal, including the rectum, and sometimes the large intestine also.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hin"di</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Prop. a Per. adj. meaning, Indian, Hindoo.] <def>The name given by Europeans to that form of the Hindustani language which is chiefly spoken by native Hindoos. In employs the Devanagari character, in which Sanskrit is written.</def> <i>Whitworth.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hind"ley"s screw`</hw> (?). <i>(Mech.)</i> <def>A screw cut on a solid whose sides are arcs of the periphery of a wheel into the teeth of which the screw is intended to work. It is named from the person who first used the form.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Hin"doo</hw>, <hw>Hin"du</hw> } (?; 277), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Hindoos</b></plw> (#) or <plw><b>Hindus</b></plw>. [Per. <i>Hind&umacr;</i>, fr. <i>Hind</i>, <i>Hind&umacr;st&amacr;n</i>, India. Cf. <u>Indian</u>.] <def>A native inhabitant of Hindostan. As an ethnical term it is confined to the Dravidian and Aryan races; as a religious name it is restricted to followers of the Veda.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Hin"doo*ism</hw>, <hw>Hin"du*ism</hw> } (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The religious doctrines and rites of the Hindoos; Brahmanism.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Hin"doo*sta"nee</hw>, <hw>Hin"du*sta"ni</hw> } (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Hind. <i>Hind&umacr;st&amacr;n&imacr;</i> an Indian, fr. Hind. and Per. <i>Hind&umacr;st&amacr;n</i> India.] <def>Of or pertaining to the Hindoos or their language.</def> — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The language of Hindostan; the name given by Europeans to the most generally spoken of the modern Aryan languages of India. It is Hindi with the addition of Persian and Arabic words.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hin"drance</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Hinder</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of hindering, or the state of being hindered.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>That which hinders; an impediment.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>What various <i>hindrances</i> we meet.</blockquote> <i>Cowper.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Something between a <i>hindrance</i> and a help.</blockquote> <i>Wordsworth.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Impediment; obstruction; obstacle; difficulty; interruption; check; delay; restraint.</p>

<p><hw>Hin"du</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Hindoo</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hine</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Hind</u> a servant.] <def>A servant; a farm laborer; a peasant; a hind.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Bailiff, herd, nor other <i>hine</i>.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hinge</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>henge</i>, <i>heeng</i>; akin to D. <i>heng</i>, LG. <i>henge</i>, Prov. E. <i>hingle</i> a small hinge; connected with <i>hang</i>, v., and Icel. <i>hengja</i> to hang. See <u>Hang</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The hook with its eye, or the joint, on which a door, gate, lid, etc., turns or swings; a flexible piece, as a strip of leather, which serves as a joint to turn on.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The gate self-opened wide,<BR> On golden <i>hinges</i> turning.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>That on which anything turns or depends; a governing principle; a cardinal point or rule; as, this argument was the <i>hinge</i> on which the question turned.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>One of the four cardinal points, east, west, north, or south.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>When the moon is in the <i>hinge</i> at East.</blockquote> <i>Creech.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Nor slept the winds . . . but rushed abroad.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Hinge joint</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <i>(Anat.)</i> <cd>See <u>Ginglymus</u>.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <i>(Mech.)</i> <cd>Any joint resembling a hinge, by which two pieces are connected so as to permit relative turning in one plane.</cd> — <col><b>To be off the hinges</b></col>, <cd>to be in a state of disorder or irregularity; to have lost proper adjustment.</cd> <i>Tillotson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hinge</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Hinged</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Hinging</u> (?).] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To attach by, or furnish with, hinges.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To bend.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hinge</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To stand, depend, hang, or turn, as on a hinge; to depend chiefly for a result or decision or for force and validity; — usually with <i>on</i> or <i>upon</i>; as, the argument <i>hinges</i> on this point.</def> <i>I. Taylor</i></p>

<p><hw>Hinged</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Furnished with hinges.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hinge"less</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Without a hinge or joint.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hink</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A reaping hook.</def> <i>Knight.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Hin"ni*ate</hw> (?), <hw>Hin"ny</hw> (?) } <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [L. <i>hinnire</i>.] <def>To neigh; to whinny.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Hin"ny</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Hinnies</b></plw> (#). [L. <i>hinnus</i>, cf. Gr. &?;.] <def>A hybrid between a stallion and an ass.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hin"ny</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A term of endearment; darling; — corrupted from <i>honey</i>.</def> [Prov. Eng.] <i>Wright.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hint</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Hinted</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Hinting</u>.] [OE. <i>henten</i>, <i>hinten</i>, to seize, to catch, AS. <i>hentan</i> to pursue, take, seize; or Icel. <i>ymta</i> to mutter, <i>ymtr</i> a muttering, Dan. <i>ymte</i> to whisper. &radic;36. Cf. <u>Hent</u>.] <def>To bring to mind by a slight mention or remote allusion; to suggest in an indirect manner; as, to <i>hint</i> a suspicion.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Just <i>hint</i> a fault and hesitate dislike.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — To suggest; intimate; insinuate; imply.</p>

<p><hw>Hint</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To make an indirect reference, suggestion, or allusion; to allude vaguely to something.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>We whisper, and <i>hint</i>, and chuckle.</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><col><b>To hint at</b></col>, <cd>to allude to lightly, indirectly, or cautiously.</cd></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — To allude; refer; glance; touch.</p>

<p><hw>Hint</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A remote allusion; slight mention; intimation; insinuation; a suggestion or reminder, without a full declaration or explanation; also, an occasion or motive.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Our <i>hint</i> of woe<BR> Is common.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The hint malevolent, the look oblique.</blockquote> <i>Hannah More.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Suggestion; allusion. See <u>Suggestion</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Hint"ing*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a hinting manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hip</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>hipe</i>, <i>huppe</i>, AS. <i>hype</i>; akin to D. <i>heup</i>, OHG. <i>huf</i>, G. <i>h&uuml;fte</i>, Dan. <i>hofte</i>, Sw. <i>h&ouml;ft</i>, Goth. <i>hups</i>; cf. Icel. <i>huppr</i>, and also Gr. &?; the hollow above the hips of cattle, and Lith. <i>kumpis</i> ham.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The projecting region of the lateral parts of one side of the pelvis and the hip joint; the haunch; the huckle.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>The external angle formed by the meeting of two sloping sides or skirts of a roof, which have their wall plates running in different directions.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Engin)</i> <def>In a bridge truss, the place where an inclined end post meets the top chord.</def> <i>Waddell.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Hip bone</b></col> <i>(Anat.)</i>, <cd>the innominate bone; — called also <i>haunch bone</i> and <i>huckle bone</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Hip girdle</b></col> <i>(Anat.)</i>, <cd>the pelvic girdle.</cd> — <col><b>Hip joint</b></col> <i>(Anat.)</i>, <cd>the articulation between the thigh bone and hip bone.</cd> — <col><b>Hip knob</b></col> <i>(Arch.)</i>, <cd>a finial, ball, or other ornament at the intersection of the hip rafters and the ridge.</cd> — <col><b>Hip molding</b></col> <i>(Arch.)</i>, <cd>a molding on the hip of a roof, covering the hip joint of the slating or other roofing.</cd> — <col><b>Hip rafter</b></col> <i>(Arch.)</i>, <cd>the rafter extending from the wall plate to the ridge in the angle of a hip roof.</cd> — <col><b>Hip roof</b></col>, <col><b>Hipped roof</b></col> <i>(Arch.)</i>, <cd>a roof having sloping ends and sloping sides. See <u>Hip</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, 2., and <u>Hip</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>, 3.</cd> — <col><b>Hip tile</b></col>, <cd>a tile made to cover the hip of a roof.</cd> — <col><b>To catch upon the hip</b></col>, or <col><b>To have on the hip</b></col>, <cd>to have or get the advantage of; — a figure probably derived from wresting.</cd> <i>Shak.</i> — <col><b>To smite hip and thigh</b></col>, <cd>to overthrow completely; to defeat utterly.</cd> <i>Judg. xv. 8.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hip</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Hipped</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Hipping</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To dislocate or sprain the hip of, to fracture or injure the hip bone of (a quadruped) in such a manner as to produce a permanent depression of that side.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To throw (one's adversary) over one's hip in wrestling (technically called <i>cross buttock</i>).</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To make with a hip or hips, as a roof.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Hipped roof</b></col>. <cd>See <i>Hip roof</i>, under <u>Hip</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Hip</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>hepe</i>, AS. <i>he&oacute;pe</i>; cf. OHG. <i>hiufo</i> a bramble bush.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The fruit of a rosebush, especially of the English dog-rose (<i>Rosa canina</i>).</def> [Written also <i>hop</i>, <i>hep</i>.]</p>

<p><col><b>Hip tree</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>the dog- rose.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Hip</hw>, <pos><i>interj.</i></pos> <def>Used to excite attention or as a signal; as, <i>hip</i>, <i>hip</i>, hurra!</def></p>

<p><hw>Hip</hw>, <i>or</i> <hw>Hipps</hw> (&?;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Hyp</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></def> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><hw>Hip"halt`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Lame in the hip.</def> [R.] <i>Gower.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Hip"pa</hw> (?), <hw>Hip"pe</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A genus of marine decapod crustaceans, which burrow rapidly in the sand by pushing themselves backward; — called also <i>bait bug</i>. See <i>Illust.</i> under <u>Anomura</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Hip*pa"ri*on</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a pony, dim. of &?; a horse.] <i>(Paleon.)</i> <def>An extinct genus of Tertiary mammals allied to the horse, but three-toed, having on each foot a small lateral hoof on each side of the main central one. It is believed to be one of the ancestral genera of the Horse family.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Hipped</hw> (?), <hw>Hip"pish</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [From 5th <u>Hip</u>.] <def>Somewhat hypochondriac; melancholy. See <u>Hyppish</u>.</def> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><blockquote>When we are <i>hipped</i> or in high spirits.</blockquote> <i>R. L. Stevenson.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Hip`po*bos"ca</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. <grk>"i`ppos</grk> horse + &?; to feed.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A genus of dipterous insects including the horsefly or horse tick.</def> — <wf>Hip`po*bos"can</wf> (#), <pos><i>a.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Hip"po*camp</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Hippocampus</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hip`po*cam"pal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to the hippocampus.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hip`po*cam"pus</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., the sea horse, Gr. &?; a hippocampus (in senses 1 and 2); <grk>"i`ppos</grk> horse + &?; to bend.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Class. Myth.)</i> <def>A fabulous monster, with the head and fore quarters of a horse joined to the tail of a dolphin or other fish (<i>Hippocampus brevirostris</i>), — seen in Pompeian paintings, attached to the chariot of Neptune.</def> <i>Fairholt.</i></p>

<p><! p. 695 !></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A genus of lophobranch fishes of several species in which the head and neck have some resemblance to those of a horse; — called also <i>sea horse</i>.</def></p>

<p>&fist; They swim slowly, in an erect position, and often cling to seaweeds by means of the incurved prehensile tail. The male has a ventral pouch, in which it carries the eggs till hatched.</p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A name applied to either of two ridges of white matter in each lateral ventricle of the brain. The larger is called <i>hippocampus major</i> or simply <i>hippocampus</i>. The smaller, <i>hippocampus minor</i>, is called also <i>ergot</i> and <i>calcar</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hip`po*cen"taur</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>hippocentaurus</i>, Gr. &?;; <grk>"i`ppos</grk> horse + &?; centaur.] <i>(Myth.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Centaur</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hip"po*cras</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>hippocras</i>, <i>hypocras</i>, NL. vinum <i>hippocraticum</i>, lit., wine of Hippocrates.] <def>A cordial made of spiced wine, etc.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hip*poc"ra*tes</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A famous Greek physician and medical writer, born in Cos, about 460 <u>B. C.</u></def></p>

<p><col><b>Hippocrates' sleeve</b></col>, <cd>a conical strainer, made by stitching together two adjacent sides of a square piece of cloth, esp. flannel of linen.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Hip"po*crat"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to Hippocrates, or to his teachings.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Hippocratic face</b></col> [L. <i>facies Hippocratica</i>], <cd>the change produced in the countenance by death, or long sickness, excessive evacuations, excessive hunger, and the like. The nose is pinched, the eyes are sunk, the temples hollow, the ears cold and retracted, the skin of the forehead tense and dry, the complexion livid, the lips pendent, relaxed, and cold; — so called, as having been described by Hippocrates.</cd> <i>Dunglison.</i> — <col><b>Hippocratic oath</b></col>, <cd>an oath said to have been dictated by Hippocrates to his disciples. Such an oath is still administered to candidates for graduation in medicine.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Hip*poc"ra*tism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The medical philosophy or system of Hippocrates.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hip"po*crene</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., fr. Gr. &?;; <grk>"i`ppos</grk> horse + &?; a fountain.] <def>A fountain on Mount Helicon in B&oelig;otia, fabled to have burst forth when the ground was struck by the hoof of Pegasus. Also, its waters, which were supposed to impart poetic inspiration.</def> <i>Keats.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Nor maddening draughts of <i>Hippocrene</i>.</blockquote> <i>Longfellow.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hip"po*crep"i*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Hippocrepiform</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of an order of fresh-water Bryozoa, in which the tentacles are on a lophophore, shaped like a horseshoe. See <u>Phylactol&aelig;ma</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hip`po*crep`i*form</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>"i`ppos</grk> horse + &?; shoe + <i>-form</i>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Shaped like a horseshoe.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hip"po*dame</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>hippopotame</i>.] <def>A fabulous sea monster.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hip"po*drome</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>hippodromos</i>, Gr. &?;; <grk>"i`ppos</grk> horse + &?; course, fr. &?; to run: cf. F. <i>hippodrome</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Gr. Antiq.)</i> <def>A place set apart for equestrian and chariot races.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>An arena for equestrian performances; a circus.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hip"po*griff</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>hippogriffe</i>; cf. It. <i>ippogrifo</i>. See <u>Hippopotamus</u>, <u>Griffon</u>.] <i>(Myth.)</i> <def>A fabulous winged animal, half horse and half griffin.</def> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hip"po*lith</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>"i`ppos</grk> horse + <i>-lith</i>.] <def>A concretion, or kind of bezoar, from the intestines of the horse.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hip`po*pa*thol`o*gy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>"i`ppos</grk> horse + E. <i>pathology</i>: cf. F. <i>hippopathologie</i>.] <def>The science of veterinary medicine; the pathology of the horse.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hip*poph"a*gi</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Hippophagous</u>.] <def>Eaters of horseflesh.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hip*poph"a*gism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Hippophagy.</def> <i>Lowell.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hip*poph"a*gist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who eats horseflesh.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hip*poph"a*gous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>"i`ppos</grk> horse + &?; to eat: cf. F. <i>hippophage</i>.] <def>Feeding on horseflesh; — said of certain nomadic tribes, as the Tartars.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hip*poph"a*gy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>hippophagie</i>.] <def>The act or practice of feeding on horseflesh.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hip"po*phile</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>"i`ppos</grk> horse + &?; to love.] <def>One who loves horses.</def> <i>Holmes.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hip`po*pot"a*mus</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> E. <plw><b>Hippopotamuses</b></plw> (#), L. <plw><b>Hippopotami</b></plw> (#). [L., from Gr.&?;; <grk>"i`ppos</grk> horse + &?; river. Cf. <u>Equine</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A large, amphibious, herbivorous mammal (<i>Hippopotamus amphibius</i>), common in the rivers of Africa. It is allied to the hogs, and has a very thick, naked skin, a thick and square head, a very large muzzle, small eyes and ears, thick and heavy body, and short legs. It is supposed to be the behemoth of the Bible. Called also <i>zeekoe</i>, and <i>river horse</i>. A smaller species (<i>H. Liberiencis</i>) inhabits Western Africa.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hip*pot"o*my</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>"i`ppos</grk> horse + &?; to cut: cf. F. <i>hippotomie</i>.] <def>Anatomy of the horse.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hip*pu"ric</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>"i`ppos</grk> horse + <grk>o"y`ron</grk> urine: cf. F. <i>hippurique</i>.] <i>(Physiol. Chem.)</i> <def>Obtained from the urine of horses; as, <i>hippuric</i> acid.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Hippuric acid</b></col>, <cd>a white crystalline substance, containing nitrogen, present in the urine of herbivorous animals, and in small quantity in human urine. By the action of acids, it is decomposed into benzoic acid and glycocoll.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Hip"pu*rite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; decked with a horse's tail; <grk>"i`ppos</grk> horse + &?; tail: cf. F. <i>hippurite</i>.] <i>(Paleon.)</i> <def>A fossil bivalve mollusk of the genus <i>Hippurites</i>, of many species, having a conical, cup- shaped under valve, with a flattish upper valve or lid. Hippurites are found only in the Cretaceous rocks.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hip"-roofed`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having a hip roof.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hip"shot`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Hip</i> + <i>shot</i>.] <def>Having the hip dislocated; hence, having one hip lower than the other.</def> <i>L'Estrange.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hip" tree`</hw> (?). <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The dog- rose.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hir</hw> (?), <pos><i>pron.</i></pos> [Obs.] <def>See <u>Here</u>, <pos><i>pron.</i></pos></def> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hir"cic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>hircique</i>. See <u>Hircin</u>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Of, pertaining to, or derived from, mutton suet; — applied by Chevreul to an oily acid which was obtained from mutton suet, and to which he attributed the peculiar taste and smell of that substance. The substance has also been called <i>hircin</i>.</def> <i>Watts.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hir"cin</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>hircus</i>, he- goat, buck: cf. F. <i>hircine</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Hircic acid. See <u>Hircic</u>.</def> [R.]</p>

<p>{ <hw>Hir"cine</hw> (?), <hw>Hir"ci*nous</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>hircinus</i>, fr. <i>hircus</i> hegoat: cf. F. <i>hircin</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Goatlike; of or pertaining to a goat or the goats.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Of a strong goatish smell.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hire</hw> (h&etilde;r), <pos><i>pron.</i></pos> [Obs.] <def>See <u>Here</u>, <pos><i>pron.</i></pos></def> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hire</hw> (h&imacr;r), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>hire</i>, <i>hure</i>, AS. <i>h&ymacr;r</i>; akin to D. <i>huur</i>, G. <i>heuer</i>, Dan. <i>hyre</i>, Sw. <i>hyra</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The price, reward, or compensation paid, or contracted to be paid, for the temporary use of a thing or a place, for personal service, or for labor; wages; rent; pay.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The laborer is worthy of his <i>hire</i>.</blockquote> <i>Luke x. 7.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Law.)</i> <def>A bailment by which the use of a thing, or the services and labor of a person, are contracted for at a certain price or reward.</def> <i>Story.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Wages; salary; stipend; allowance; pay.</p>

<p><hw>Hire</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Hired</u> (h&imacr;rd); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Hiring</u>.] [OE. <i>hiren</i>, <i>huren</i>, AS. <i>h&ymacr;rian</i>; akin to D. <i>huren</i>, G. <i>heuern</i>, Dan. <i>hyre</i>, Sw. <i>hyra</i>. See <u>Hire</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To procure (any chattel or estate) from another person, for temporary use, for a compensation or equivalent; to purchase the use or enjoyment of for a limited time; as, to <i>hire</i> a farm for a year; to <i>hire</i> money.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To engage or purchase the service, labor, or interest of (any one) for a specific purpose, by payment of wages; as, to <i>hire</i> a servant, an agent, or an advocate.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To grant the temporary use of, for compensation; to engage to give the service of, for a price; to let; to lease; — now usually with <i>out</i>, and often reflexively; as, he has <i>hired</i> out his horse, or his time.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>They . . . have <i>hired</i> out themselves for bread.</blockquote> <i>1 Sam. ii. 5.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hire"less</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Without hire.</def> <i>Davenant.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hire"ling</hw> (-l&ibreve;ng), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>h&ymacr;reling</i>. See <u>Hire</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, and <u>-ling</u>.] <def>One who is hired, or who serves for wages; esp., one whose motive and interest in serving another are wholly gainful; a mercenary.</def> "Lewd <i>hirelings</i>." <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hire"ling</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Serving for hire or wages; venal; mercenary.</def> "<i>Hireling</i> mourners." <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hir"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who hires.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hires</hw> (?), <hw>Hirs</hw>, <pos><i>pron.</i></pos> <def>Hers; theirs. See <u>Here</u>, <pos><i>pron.</i></pos></def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hir*sute"</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>hirsutus</i>; prob. akin to <i>horridus</i> horrid. Cf. <u>Horrid</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Rough with hair; set with bristles; shaggy.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Rough and coarse; boorish.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Cynical and <i>hirsute</i> in his behavior.</blockquote> <i>Life of A. Wood.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Pubescent with coarse or stiff hairs.</def> <i>Gray.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Covered with hairlike feathers, as the feet of certain birds.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hir*sute"ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Hairiness.</def> <i>Burton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hir*tel"lous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Dim., fr. L. <i>hirtus</i> hairy.] <i>(Bot. & Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Pubescent with minute and somewhat rigid hairs.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hi*ru"dine</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to the leeches.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Hir`u*din"e*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr. L. <i>hirudo</i>, <i>hirudinis</i>, a leech.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>An order of Annelida, including the leeches; — called also <i>Hirudinei</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Hi*ru"do</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., a leech.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A genus of leeches, including the common medicinal leech. See <u>Leech</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hi*run"dine</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Like or pertaining to the swallows.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Hi*run"do</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., swallow.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A genus of birds including the swallows and martins.</def></p>

<p><hw>His</hw> (?), <pos><i>pron.</i></pos> [AS. <i>his</i> of him, his, gen. masc. & neut. of <i>h&?;</i>, neut. <i>hit</i>. See <u>He</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Belonging or pertaining to <i>him</i>; — used as a pronominal adjective or adjective pronoun; as, tell John <i>his</i> papers are ready; formerly used also for <i>its</i>, but this use is now obsolete.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>No comfortable star did lend <i>his</i> light.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Who can impress the forest, bid the tree<BR> Unfix <i>his</i> earth-bound root?</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p>&fist; Also formerly used in connection with a noun simply as a sign of the possessive. "The king <i>his</i> son." <i>Shak.</i> "By young Telemachus <i>his</i> blooming years." <i>Pope.</i> This <i>his</i> is probably a corruption of the old possessive ending - <i>is</i> or -<i>es</i>, which, being written as a separate word, was at length confounded with the pronoun <i>his</i>.</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The possessive of <i>he</i>; as, the book is <i>his</i>.</def> "The sea is <i>his</i>, and he made it." <i>Ps. xcv. 5.</i></p>

<p><hw>His"ing*er*ite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Named after W. <i>Hisinger</i>, a Swedish mineralogist.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>A soft black, iron ore, nearly earthy, a hydrous silicate of iron.</def></p>

<p><hw>His*pan"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>Hispanicus</i>.] <def>Of or pertaining to Spain or its language; as, <i>Hispanic</i> words.</def></p>

<p><hw>His*pan"i*cism</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A Spanish idiom or mode of speech.</def> <i>Keightley.</i></p>

<p><hw>His*pan"i*cize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To give a Spanish form or character to; as, to <i>Hispanicize</i> Latin words.</def></p>

<p><hw>His"pid</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>hispidus</i>: cf. F. <i>hispide</i>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Rough with bristles or minute spines.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Bot. & Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Beset with stiff hairs or bristles.</def></p>

<p><hw>His*pid"u*lous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Dim. of <i>hispid</i>.] <i>(Bot. & Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Minutely hispid.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hiss</hw> (?). <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Hissed</u> (#); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Hissing</u>.] [AS. <i>hysian</i>; prob. of imitative origin&?;; cf. LG. <i>hissen</i>, OD. <i>hisschen</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To make with the mouth a prolonged sound like that of the letter <i>s</i>, by driving the breath between the tongue and the teeth; to make with the mouth a sound like that made by a goose or a snake when angered; esp., to make such a sound as an expression of hatred, passion, or disapproval.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The merchants among the people shall <i>hiss</i> at thee.</blockquote> <i>Ezek. xxvii. 36.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To make a similar noise by any means; to pass with a sibilant sound; as, the arrow <i>hissed</i> as it flew.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Shod with steel,<BR> We <i>hissed</i> along the polished ice.</blockquote> <i>Wordsworth.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hiss</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To condemn or express contempt for by hissing.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>If the tag-rag people did not clap him and <i>hiss</i> him, according as he pleased and displeased them.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Malcolm</i>. What is the newest grief?<BR> <i>Ros</i>. That of an hour's age doth <i>hiss</i> the speaker.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To utter with a hissing sound.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The long-necked geese of the world that are ever <i>hissing</i> dispraise.</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hiss</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A prolonged sound like that letter <i>s</i>, made by forcing out the breath between the tongue and teeth, esp. as a token of disapprobation or contempt.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>"<i>Hiss</i>" implies audible friction of breath consonants.</blockquote> <i>H. Sweet. </i></p>

<p><blockquote>A dismal, universal <i>hiss</i>, the sound<BR> Of public scorn.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Any sound resembling that above described</def>; as: <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The noise made by a serpent.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>But <i>hiss</i> for <i>hiss</i> returned with forked tongue.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The note of a goose when irritated.</def> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <def>The noise made by steam escaping through a narrow orifice, or by water falling on a hot stove.</def> </p>

<p><hw>Hiss"ing</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of emitting a hiss or hisses.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The occasion of contempt; the object of scorn and derision.</def> [Archaic]</p>

<p><blockquote>I will make this city desolate, and a <i>hissing</i>.</blockquote> <i>Jer. xix. 8.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hiss"ing*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>With a hissing sound.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hist</hw> (?), <pos><i>interj.</i></pos> [Cf. Dan. <i>hys</i>. &?;. Cf. <u>Hush</u>, <u>Whist</u>.] <def>Hush; be silent; — a signal for silence.</def> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>His`ti*ol"o*gy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>"isto`s</grk> tissue + <i>-logy</i>.] <def>Same as <u>Histology</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>His`to*gen"e*sis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>"isto`s</grk> tissue + E. <i>genesis</i>.] <i>(Biol.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The formation and development of organic tissues; histogeny; — the opposite of <i>histolysis</i>.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>Germ history of cells, and of the tissues composed of cells.</def> <i>Haeckel.</i></p>

<p><hw>His`to*ge*net"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See <u>Histogeny</u>.] <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>Tissue-producing; connected with the formation and development of the organic tissues.</def></p>

<p><hw>His*tog"e*ny</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>"isto`s</grk> tissue + root of &?; to be born.] <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Histogenesis</u>.</def> <i>Dunglison.</i></p>

<p><hw>His*tog"ra*pher</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who describes organic tissues; an histologist.</def></p>

<p><hw>His"to*graph"ic*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to histography.</def></p>

<p><hw>His*tog"ra*phy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>"isto`s</grk> tissue + <i>-graphy</i>.] <def>A description of, or treatise on, organic tissues.</def></p>

<p><hw>His`to*h&aelig;m"a*tin</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>"isto`s</grk> tissue + E. <i>h&aelig;matin</i>.] <i>(Physiol.)</i> <def>One of a class of respiratory pigments, widely distributed in the animal kingdom, capable of ready oxidation and reduction.</def></p>

<p><hw>His"toid</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>"isto`s</grk> tissue + <i>-oid</i>.] <def>Resembling the normal tissues; as, <i>histoid</i> tumors.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>His`to*log"ic</hw> (?), <hw>His`to*log"ic*al</hw> } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>Pertaining to histology, or to the microscopic structure of the tissues of living organisms.</def> — <wf>His`to*log"ic*al*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>His*tol"o*gist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One versed in histology.</def></p>

<p><hw>His*tol"o*gy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>"isto`s</grk> tissue + <i>-logy</i>.] <def>That branch of biological science, which treats of the minute (microscopic) structure of animal and vegetable tissues; — called also <i>histiology</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||His*tol"y*sis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. <grk>"isto`s</grk> tissue + &?; to loosen, dissolve.] <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>The decay and dissolution of the organic tissues and of the blood.</def></p>

<p><hw>His`to*lyt"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to histolysis, or the degeneration of tissues.</def></p>

<p><hw>His*ton"o*my</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>"isto`s</grk> tissue + &?; to distribute, regulate.] <def>The science which treats of the laws relating to organic tissues, their formation, development, functions, etc.</def></p>

<p><hw>His*toph"y*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>"isto`s</grk> tissue + Gr. &?; clan.] <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>The tribal history of cells, a division of morphophyly.</def> <i>Haeckel.</i></p>

<p><hw>His*to"ri*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>historialis</i>: cf. F. <i>historial</i>.] <def>Historical.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>His*to"ri*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>historien</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A writer of history; a chronicler; an annalist.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Even the <i>historian</i> takes great liberties with facts.</blockquote> <i>Sir J. Reynolds.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>One versed or well informed in history.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Great captains should be good <i>historians</i>.</blockquote> <i>South.</i></p>

<p><! p. 696 !></p>

<p>{ <hw>His*tor"ic</hw> (h&ibreve;s*t&obreve;r"&ibreve;k), <hw>his*tor"ic*al</hw> (h&ibreve;s*t&obreve;r"&ibreve;*k<i>a</i>l), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>historicus</i>, Gr. <grk>"istoriko`s</grk>: cf. F. <i>historique</i>. See <u>History</u>.] <def>Of or pertaining to history, or the record of past events; as, an <i>historical</i> poem; the <i>historic</i> page.</def> — <wf>His*tor"ic*al*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> — <wf>His*to*ric"i*ty</wf> (#), <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><blockquote> There warriors frowning in <i>historic</i> brass.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Historical painting</b></col>, <cd>that branch of painting which represents the events of history.</cd> — <col><b>Historical sense</b></col>, <cd>that meaning of a passage which is deduced from the circumstances of time, place, etc., under which it was written.</cd> — <col><b>The historic sense</b></col>, <cd>the capacity to conceive and represent the unity and significance of a past era or age.</cd></p>

<p><hw>His*tor"ic*al*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In the manner of, or in accordance with, history.</def></p>

<p><hw>His*tor"i*cize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To record or narrate in the manner of a history; to chronicle.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>His"to*ried</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Related in history.</def></p>

<p><hw>His*to"ri*er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>An historian.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>||His`to*ri*ette"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., dim. of <i>histoire</i> a history.] <def>Historical narration on a small scale; a brief recital; a story.</def> <i>Emerson.</i></p>

<p><hw>His*tor"i*fy</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<i>History</i> + <i>-fy</i>.] <def>To record in or as history.</def> [R.] <i>Lamb.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Thy conquest meet to be <i>historified</i>.</blockquote> <i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></p>

<p><hw>His*to`ri*og"ra*pher</hw> (h&ibreve;s*t&omacr;`r&ibreve;*&obreve;g"r&adot;*f&etilde;r), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>historiographus</i>, Gr. <grk>"istoriogra`fos</grk>; <grk>"istori`a</grk> history + <grk>gra`fein</grk> to write: cf. F. <i>historiographe</i>.] <def>An historian; a writer of history; especially, one appointed or designated to write a history; also, a title bestowed by some governments upon historians of distinction.</def></p>

<p><hw>His*to`ri*og"ra*pher*ship</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The office of an historiographer.</def> <i>Saintsbury.</i></p>

<p><hw>His*to`ri*og"ra*phy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The art of employment of an historiographer.</def></p>

<p><hw>His*to`ri*ol"o*gy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; history + <i>-logy</i>.] <def>A discourse on history.</def> <i>Cockeram.</i></p>

<p><hw>His*to`ri*on"o*mer</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; history + &?; to distribute.] <def>One versed in the phenomena of history and the laws controlling them.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>And <i>historionomers</i> will have measured accurately the sidereal years of races.</blockquote> <i>Lowell.</i></p>

<p><hw>His"to*rize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To relate as history; to chronicle; to historicize.</def> [R.] <i>Evelyn.</i></p>

<p><hw>His"to*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Histories</b></plw> (#). [L. <i>historia</i>, Gr. <grk>'istori`a</grk> history, information, inquiry, fr. <grk>'istwr</grk>, <grk>"istwr</grk>, knowing, learned, from the root of &?; to know; akin to E. <i>wit</i>. See <u>Wit</u>, and cf. <u>Story</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A learning or knowing by inquiry; the knowledge of facts and events, so obtained; hence, a formal statement of such information; a narrative; a description; a written record; as, the <i>history</i> of a patient's case; the <i>history</i> of a legislative bill.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A systematic, written account of events, particularly of those affecting a nation, institution, science, or art, and usually connected with a philosophical explanation of their causes; a true story, as distinguished from a <i>romance</i>; — distinguished also from <i>annals</i>, which relate simply the facts and events of each year, in strict chronological order; from <i>biography</i>, which is the record of an individual's life; and from <i>memoir</i>, which is history composed from personal experience, observation, and memory.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Histories</i> are as perfect as the historian is wise, and is gifted with an eye and a soul.</blockquote> <i>Carlyle.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>For aught that I could ever read,<BR> Could ever hear by tale or <i>history</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>What <i>histories</i> of toil could I declare!</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><col><b>History piece</b></col>, <cd>a representation in painting, drawing, etc., of any real event, including the actors and the action.</cd> — <col><b>Natural history</b></col>, <cd>a description and classification of objects in nature, as minerals, plants, animals, etc., and the phenomena which they exhibit to the senses.</cd></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Chronicle; annals; relation; narration. — <u>History</u>, <u>Chronicle</u>, <u>Annals</u>. <i>History</i> is a methodical record of important events which concern a community of men, usually so arranged as to show the connection of causes and effects, to give an analysis of motive and action etc. A <i>chronicle</i> is a record of such events, conforming to the order of time as its distinctive feature. <i>Annals</i> are a chronicle divided up into separate years. By poetic license <i>annals</i> is sometimes used for <i>history</i>.</p>

<p><blockquote>Justly C&aelig;sar scorns the poet's lays;<BR> It is to <i>history</i> he trusts for praise.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>No more yet of this;<BR> For 't is a <i>chronicle</i> of day by day,<BR> Not a relation for a breakfast.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Many glorious examples in the <i>annals</i> of our religion.</blockquote> <i>Rogers.</i></p>

<p><hw>His"to*ry</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To narrate or record.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>His*tot"o*my</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; tissue + &?; to cut.] <def>The dissection of organic tissues.</def></p>

<p><hw>His"to*zyme</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; tissue + &?; leaven.] <i>(Physiol. Chem.)</i> <def>A soluble ferment occurring in the animal body, to the presence of which many normal decompositions and synthetical processes are supposed to be due.</def></p>

<p><hw>His"tri*on</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>histrio</i>: cf. F. <i>histrion</i>.] <def>A player.</def> [R.] <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>His`tri*on"ic</hw> (?), <hw>His`tri*on"ic*al</hw> (?) }, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>histrionicus</i>: cf. F. <i>histrionique</i>. See <u>Histrion</u>.] <def>Of or relating to the stage or a stageplayer; befitting a theatre; theatrical; — sometimes in a bad sense.</def> — <wf>His`tri*on"ic*al*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><blockquote>Tainted with false and <i>histrionic</i> feeling.</blockquote> <i>De Quincey.</i></p>

<p><hw>His`tri*on"i*cism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The histrionic art; stageplaying.</def> <i>W. Black.</i></p>

<p><hw>His"tri*o*nism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Theatrical representation; acting; affectation.</def> <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><hw>His"tri*o*nize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To act; to represent on the stage, or theatrically.</def> <i>Urquhart.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hit</hw> (?), <pos><i>pron.</i></pos> <def>It.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hit</hw>, <def><pos><i>3d pers. sing. pres.</i></pos> of <u>Hide</u>, contracted from <i>hideth</i>.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hit</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Hit</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Hitting</u>.] [OE. <i>hitten</i>, <i>hutten</i>, of Scand. origin; cf. Dan. <i>hitte</i> to hit, find, Sw. & Icel. <i>hitta</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To reach with a stroke or blow; to strike or touch, usually with force; especially, to reach or touch (an object aimed at).</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I think you have <i>hit</i> the mark.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To reach or attain exactly; to meet according to the occasion; to perform successfully; to attain to; to accord with; to be conformable to; to suit.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Birds learning tunes, and their endeavors to <i>hit</i> the notes right.</blockquote> <i>Locke.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>There you <i>hit</i> him; . . . that argument never fails with him.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Whose saintly visage is too bright<BR> To <i>hit</i> the sense of human sight.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>He scarcely <i>hit</i> my humor.</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To guess; to light upon or discover.</def> "Thou hast <i>hit</i> it." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Backgammon)</i> <def>To take up, or replace by a piece belonging to the opposing player; — said of a single unprotected piece on a point.</def></p>

<p><col><b>To hit off</b></col>, <cd>to describe with quick characteristic strokes; as, <i>to hit off</i> a speaker.</cd> <i>Sir W. Temple.</i> — <col><b>To hit out</b></col>, <cd>to perform by good luck.</cd> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hit</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To meet or come in contact; to strike; to clash; — followed by <i>against</i> or <i>on</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>If bodies be extension alone, how can they move and <i>hit</i> one against another?</blockquote> <i>Locke.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Corpuscles, meeting with or <i>hitting</i> on those bodies, become conjoined with them.</blockquote> <i>Woodward.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To meet or reach what was aimed at or desired; to succeed, — often with implied chance, or luck.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>And oft it <i>hits</i><BR> Where hope is coldest and despair most fits.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>And millions miss for one that <i>hits</i>.</blockquote> <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><col><b>To hit on</b></col> or <col><b>upon</b></col>, <cd>to light upon; to come to by chance.</cd> "None of them <i>hit upon</i> the art." <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hit</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A striking against; the collision of one body against another; the stroke that touches anything.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>So he the famed Cilician fencer praised,<BR> And, at each <i>hit</i>, with wonder seems amazed.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A stroke of success in an enterprise, as by a fortunate chance; as, he made a <i>hit</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>What late he called a blessing, now was wit,<BR> And God's good providence, a lucky <i>hit</i>.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A peculiarly apt expression or turn of thought; a phrase which hits the mark; as, a happy <i>hit</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>A game won at backgammon after the adversary has removed some of his men. It counts less than a <i>gammon</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <i>(Baseball)</i> <def>A striking of the ball; as, a safe <i>hit</i>; a foul <i>hit</i>; — sometimes used specifically for a <i>base hit</i>.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Base hit</b></col>, <col><b>Safe hit</b></col>, <col><b>Sacrifice hit</b></col>. <i>(Baseball)</i> <cd>See under <u>Base</u>, <u>Safe</u>, etc.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Hitch</hw> (h&ibreve;ch), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [Cf. Scot. <i>hitch</i> a motion by a jerk, and <i>hatch</i>, <i>hotch</i>, to move by jerks, also Prov. G. <i>hiksen</i>, G. <i>hinken</i>, to limp, hobble; or E. <i>hiccough</i>; or possibly akin to E. <i>hook</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To become entangled or caught; to be linked or yoked; to unite; to cling.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Atoms . . . which at length <i>hitched</i> together.</blockquote> <i>South.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To move interruptedly or with halts, jerks, or steps; — said of something obstructed or impeded.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Slides into verse, and <i>hitches</i> in a rhyme.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>To ease themselves . . . by <i>hitching</i> into another place.</blockquote> <i>Fuller.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To hit the legs together in going, as horses; to interfere.</def> [Eng.] <i>Halliwell.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hitch</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Hitched</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Hitching</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To hook; to catch or fasten as by a hook or a knot; to make fast, unite, or yoke; as, to <i>hitch</i> a horse, or a halter.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To move with hitches; as, he <i>hitched</i> his chair nearer.</def></p>

<p><col><b>To hitch up</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>To fasten up.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>To pull or raise with a jerk; as, a sailor <i>hitches up</i> his trousers.</cd> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <cd>To attach, as a horse, to a vehicle; as, <i>hitch up</i> the gray mare.</cd> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><hw>Hitch</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A catch; anything that holds, as a hook; an impediment; an obstacle; an entanglement.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The act of catching, as on a hook, etc.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A stop or sudden halt; a stoppage; an impediment; a temporary obstruction; an obstacle; as, a <i>hitch</i> in one's progress or utterance; a <i>hitch</i> in the performance.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>A sudden movement or pull; a pull up; as, the sailor gave his trousers a <i>hitch</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>A knot or noose in a rope which can be readily undone; — intended for a temporary fastening; as, a half <i>hitch</i>; a clove <i>hitch</i>; a timber <i>hitch</i>, etc.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <i>(Geol.)</i> <def>A small dislocation of a bed or vein.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hitch"el</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. & v. t.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Hatchel</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hithe</hw> (h&imacr;&thlig;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>h&ymacr;&eth;</i>. Cf. <u>Hide</u> to conceal.] <def>A port or small haven; — used in composition; as, <i>Lambhithe</i>, now <i>Lambeth</i>.</def> <i>Pennant.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hith"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> [OE. <i>hider</i>, AS. <i>hider</i>; akin to Icel. <i>h&emacr;&eth;ra</i>, Dan. <i>hid</i>, Sw. <i>hit</i>, Goth. <i>hidr&emacr;</i>; cf. L. <i>citra</i> on this side, or E. <i>here</i>, <i>he</i>. &radic;183. Cf. <u>He</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To this place; — used with verbs signifying motion, and implying motion toward the speaker; correlate of <i>hence</i> and <i>thither</i>; as, to come or bring <i>hither</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To this point, source, conclusion, design, etc.; — in a sense not physical.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Hither</i> we refer whatsoever belongeth unto the highest perfection of man.</blockquote> <i>Hooker.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Hither and thither</b></col>, <cd>to and fro; backward and forward; in various directions.</cd> "Victory is like a traveller, and goeth <i>hither and thither</i>." <i>Knolles.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hith"er</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Being on the side next or toward the person speaking; nearer; — correlate of <i>thither</i> and <i>farther</i>; as, on the <i>hither</i> side of a hill.</def> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Applied to time: On the hither side of, younger than; of fewer years than.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>And on the <i>hither</i> side, or so she looked,<BR> Of twenty summers.</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>To the present generation, that is to say, the people a few years on the <i>hither</i> and thither side of thirty, the name of Charles Darwin stands alongside of those of Isaac Newton and Michael Faraday.</blockquote> <i>Huxley.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hith"er*most`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Nearest on this side.</def> <i>Sir M. Hale.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hith"er*to`</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To this place; to a prescribed limit.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Hitherto</i> shalt thou come, but no further.</blockquote> <i>Job xxxviii. 11.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Up to this time; as yet; until now.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The Lord hath blessed me <i>hitherto</i>.</blockquote> <i>Josh. xvii. 14.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hith"er*ward</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> [AS. <i>hiderweard</i>.] <def>Toward this place; hither.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Marching <i>hitherward</i> in proud array.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hit"ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who hits or strikes; as, a hard <i>hitter</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hive</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>hive</i>, <i>huve</i>, AS. <i>h&?;fe</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A box, basket, or other structure, for the reception and habitation of a swarm of honeybees.</def> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The bees of one hive; a swarm of bees.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A place swarming with busy occupants; a crowd.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>hive</i> of Roman liars.</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Hive bee</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the honeybee.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Hive</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Hived</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Hiving</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To collect into a hive; to place in, or cause to enter, a hive; as, to <i>hive</i> a swarm of bees.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To store up in a hive, as honey; hence, to gather and accumulate for future need; to lay up in store.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Hiving</i> wisdom with each studious year.</blockquote> <i>Byron.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hive</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To take shelter or lodgings together; to reside in a collective body.</def> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hive"less</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Destitute of a hive.</def> <i>Gascoigne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hiv"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who collects bees into a hive.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hives</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Scot.; perh. akin to E. <i>heave</i>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The croup.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>An eruptive disease <i>(Varicella globularis)</i>, allied to the chicken pox.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hizz</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To hiss.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ho</hw> (?), <pos><i>pron.</i></pos> <def>Who.</def> [Obs.] In some Chaucer MSS.</p>

<p>{ <hw>Ho</hw>, <hw>Hoa</hw> } (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Ho</u>, <pos><i>interj.</i></pos>, 2.] <def>A stop; a halt; a moderation of pace.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>There is no <i>ho</i> with them.</blockquote> <i>Decker.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Ho</hw>, <hw>Hoa</hw> } (h&omacr;), <pos><i>interj.</i></pos> [Cf. F. & G. <i>ho</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Halloo! attend! — a call to excite attention, or to give notice of approach.</def> "What noise there, <i>ho</i>?" <i>Shak.</i> "<i>Ho</i>! who's within?" <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> [Perhaps corrupted fr. <i>hold</i>; but cf. F. <i>hau</i> stop! and E. <i>whoa</i>.] <def>Stop! stand still! hold! - - a word now used by teamsters, but formerly to order the cessation of anything.</def> [Written also <i>whoa</i>, and, formerly, <i>hoo</i>.]</p>

<p><blockquote>The duke . . . pulled out his sword and cried "<i>Hoo</i>!"</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>An herald on a scaffold made an <i>hoo</i>.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hoar</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [OE. <i>hor</i>, <i>har</i>, AS. <i>h&amacr;r</i>; akin to Icel. <i>h&amacr;rr</i>, and to OHG. <i>h&emacr;r</i> illustrious, magnificent; cf. Icel. <i>Hei&eth;</i> brightness of the sky, Goth. <i>hais</i> torch, Skr. <i>k&emacr;tus</i> light, torch. Cf. <u>Hoary</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>White, or grayish white; as, <i>hoar</i> frost; <i>hoar</i> cliffs.</def> "<i>Hoar</i> waters." <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Gray or white with age; hoary.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Whose beard with age is <i>hoar</i>.</blockquote> <i>Coleridge.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Old trees with trunks all <i>hoar</i>.</blockquote> <i>Byron.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Musty; moldy; stale.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hoar</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Hoariness; antiquity.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Covered with the awful <i>hoar</i> of innumerable ages.</blockquote> <i>Burke.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hoar</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [AS. <i>h&amacr;rian</i> to grow gray.] <def>To become moldy or musty.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hoard</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Hoarding</u>, 2.</def> <i>Smart.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hoard</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>hord</i>, AS. <i>hord</i>; akin to OS. <i>hord</i>, G. <i>hort</i>, Icel. <i>hodd</i>, Goth. <i>huzd</i>; prob. from the root of E. <i>hide</i> to conceal, and of L. <i>custos</i> guard, E. <i>custody</i>. See <u>Hide</u> to conceal.] <def>A store, stock, or quantity of anything accumulated or laid up; a hidden supply; a treasure; as, a <i>hoard</i> of provisions; a <i>hoard</i> of money.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hoard</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Hoarded</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Hoarding</u>.] [AS. <i>hordian</i>.] <def>To collect and lay up; to amass and deposit in secret; to store secretly, or for the sake of keeping and accumulating; as, to <i>hoard</i> grain.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hoard</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To lay up a store or hoard, as of money.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>To <i>hoard</i> for those whom he did breed.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hoard"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who hoards.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hoard"ing</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From OF. <i>hourd</i>, <i>hourt</i>, barrier, palisade, of German or Dutch origin; cf. D. <i>horde</i> hurdle, fence, G. <i>horde</i>, <i>h&uuml;rde</i>; akin to E. <i>hurdle</i>. &radic;16. See <u>Hurdle</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>A screen of boards inclosing a house and materials while builders are at work.</def> [Eng.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Posted on every dead wall and <i>hoarding</i>.</blockquote> <i>London Graphic.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A fence, barrier, or cover, inclosing, surrounding, or concealing something.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The whole arrangement was surrounded by a <i>hoarding</i>, the space within which was divided into compartments by sheets of tin.</blockquote> <i>Tyndall.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hoared</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Moldy; musty.</def> [Obs.] <i>Granmer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hoar"frost`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The white particles formed by the congelation of dew; white frost.</def> [Written also <i>horefrost</i>. See <u>Hoar</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>]</p>

<p><blockquote>He scattereth the <i>hoarfrost</i> like ashes.</blockquote> <i>Ps. cxlvii. 16.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hoar"hound`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Horehound</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hoar"i*ness</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From <u>Hoary</u>.] <def>The state of being hoary.</def> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hoarse</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<pos><i>Compar.</i></pos> <u>Hoarser</u> (?), <pos><i>superl.</i></pos> <u>Hoarsest</u>.] [OE. <i>hors</i>, also <i>hos</i>, <i>has</i>, AS. <i>h&amacr;s</i>; akin to D. <i>heesch</i>, G. <i>heiser</i>, Icel. <i>h&amacr;ss</i>, Dan. <i>h&aelig;s</i>, Sw. <i>hes</i>. Cf. Prov. E. <i>heazy</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Having a harsh, rough, grating voice or sound, as when affected with a cold; making a rough, harsh cry or sound; as, the <i>hoarse</i> raven.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>hoarse</i> resounding shore.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Harsh; grating; discordant; — said of any sound.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hoarse"ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>With a harsh, grating sound or voice.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hoars"en</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Hoarsened</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Hoarsening</u>.] <def>To make hoarse.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I shall be obliged to <i>hoarsen</i> my voice.</blockquote> <i>Richardson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hoarse"ness</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Harshness or roughness of voice or sound, due to mucus collected on the vocal cords, or to swelling or looseness of the cords.</def></p>

<p><! p. 697 !></p>

<p><hw>Hoar"stone`</hw> (h&omacr;r"st&omacr;n`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A stone designating the bounds of an estate; a landmark.</def> <i>Halliwell.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hoar"y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>White or whitish.</def> "The <i>hoary</i> willows." <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>White or gray with age; hoar; as, <i>hoary</i> hairs.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Reverence the <i>hoary</i> head.</blockquote> <i>Dr. T. Dwight.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> Hence, <def>remote in time past; as, <i>hoary</i> antiquity.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Moldy; mossy; musty.</def> [Obs.] <i>Knolles.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Of a pale silvery gray.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Covered with short, dense, grayish white hairs; canescent.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Hoary bat</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>an American bat (<i>Atalapha cinerea</i>), having the hair yellowish, or brown, tipped with white.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Ho"at*zin</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Hoazin</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hoax</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Prob. contr. fr. <i>hocus</i>, in <i>hocus-pocus</i>.] <def>A deception for mockery or mischief; a deceptive trick or story; a practical joke.</def> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hoax</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Hoaxed</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Hoaxing</u>.] <def>To deceive by a story or a trick, for sport or mischief; to impose upon sportively.</def> <i>Lamb.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hoax"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who hoaxes.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hoa"zin</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A remarkable South American bird (<i>Opisthocomus cristatus</i>); the crested touraco. By some zo&ouml;logists it is made the type of a distinct order (<i>Opisthocomi</i>).</def></p>

<p><hw>Hob</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Prob. akin to <i>hump</i>. Cf. <u>Hub</u>. ]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The hub of a wheel. See <u>Hub</u>.</def> <i>Washington.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The flat projection or iron shelf at the side of a fire grate, where things are put to be kept warm.</def> <i>Smart.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Mech.)</i> <def>A threaded and fluted hardened steel cutter, resembling a tap, used in a lathe for forming the teeth of screw chasers, worm wheels, etc.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hob</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Orig. an abbrev. of <i>Robin</i>, <i>Robert</i>; <i>Robin Goodfellow</i> a celebrated fairy, or domestic spirit. Cf. <u>Hobgoblin</u>, and see <u>Robin</u>. ] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A fairy; a sprite; an elf.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>From elves, hobs, and fairies, . . . <BR> Defend us, good Heaven !</blockquote> <i>Beau. & FL.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A countryman; a rustic; a clown.</def> [Obs.] <i>Nares.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Hob"a*nob`</hw> (?), <hw>Hob"and*nob`</hw>, } <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Hobnob</u>.</def> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hob"bism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The philosophical system of Thomas <i>Hobbes</i>, an English materialist (1588-1679); esp., his political theory that the most perfect form of civil government is an absolute monarchy with despotic control over everything relating to law, morals, and religion.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hob"bist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who accepts the doctrines of Thomas Hobbes.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hob"ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Hobbled</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Hobbling</u> (?).] [OE. <i>hobelen</i>, <i>hoblen</i>, freq. of <i>hoppen</i> to hop; akin to D. <i>hobbelen</i>, <i>hoblen</i>, <i>hoppeln</i>. See <u>Hop</u> to jump, and cf. <u>Hopple</u> ] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To walk lame, bearing chiefly on one leg; to walk with a hitch or hop, or with crutches.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The friar was <i>hobbling</i> the same way too.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To move roughly or irregularly; — said of style in writing.</def> <i>Prior.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>hobbling</i> versification, the mean diction.</blockquote> <i>Jeffreys.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hob"ble</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To fetter by tying the legs; to hopple; to clog.</def> " They <i>hobbled</i> their horses." <i>Dickens</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To perplex; to embarrass.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hob"ble</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>An unequal gait; a limp; a halt; as, he has a <i>hobble</i> in his gait.</def> <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Same as <u>Hopple</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Difficulty; perplexity; embarrassment.</def> <i>Waterton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hob"ble*bush`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A low bush (<i>Viburnum lantanoides</i>) having long, straggling branches and handsome flowers. It is found in the Northern United States. Called also <i>shinhopple</i>.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Hob"ble*de*hoy`</hw> (?), <hw>Hob"ble*te*hoy`</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Written also <i>hobbetyhoy</i>, <i>hobbarddehoy</i>, <i>hobbedehoy</i>, <i>hobdehoy</i>.] [ Cf. Prob. E. <i>hobbledygee</i> with a limping movement; also F. <i>hobereau</i>, a country squire, E. <i>hobby</i>, and OF. <i>hoi</i> to-day; perh. the orig. sense was, an upstart of to-day.] <def>A youth between boy and man; an awkward, gawky young fellow .</def> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><blockquote>All the men, boys, and <i>hobbledehoys</i> attached to the farm.</blockquote> <i>Dickens. .</i></p>

<p><hw>Hob"bler</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who hobbles.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hob"bler</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. also <i>hobeler</i>, OF. <i>hobelier</i>, LL. <i>hobellarius</i>. See <u>Hobby</u> a horse.] <i>(Eng. Hist.)</i> <def>One who by his tenure was to maintain a horse for military service; a kind of light horseman in the Middle Ages who was mounted on a hobby.</def> <i>Hallam. Sir J. Davies.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hob"bling*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>With a limping step.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hob"bly</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Rough; uneven; causing one to hobble; as a <i>hobbly</i> road.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hob"by</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Hobbies</b></plw> (#). [OE. <i>hobi</i>; cf. OF. <i>hobe</i>, <i>hob&eacute;</i>, F. <i>hobereau</i> a hobby, a species of falcon. OF. <i>hober</i> to move, stir. Cf. <u>Hobby</u> a horse.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A small, strong-winged European falcon (<i>Falco subbuteo</i>), formerly trained for hawking.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Hob"by</hw> (?), <hw>Hob"by*horse`</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>hobin</i> a nag, OF. <i>hobin</i> hobby; cf. <i>hober</i> to stir, move; prob. of German or Scand. origin; cf. Dan. <i>hoppe</i> a mare, dial. Sw. <i>hoppa</i>; perh. akin to E. <i>hop</i> to jump.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A strong, active horse, of a middle size, said to have been originally from Ireland; an ambling nag.</def> <i>Johnson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A stick, often with the head or figure of a horse, on which boys make believe to ride.</def> [ Usually under the form <i>hobbyhorse</i>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A subject or plan upon which one is constantly setting off; a favorite and ever-recurring theme of discourse, thought, or effort; that which occupies one's attention unduly, or to the weariness of others; a ruling passion.</def> [Usually under the form <i>hobby</i>.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Not one of them has any <i>hobbyhorse</i>, to use the phrase of Sterne.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hob`by*hors"ic*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Pertaining to, or having, a hobby or whim; eccentric; whimsical.</def>[Colloq.] <i>Sterne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hob"gob`lin</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See 2d Hob, and <u>Goblin</u>.] <def>A frightful goblin; an imp; a bugaboo; also, a name formerly given to the household spirit, Robin Goodfellow.</def> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hob"i*ler</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>[See 2d <u>Hobbler</u>.] <def>A light horseman. See 2d <u>Hobbler</u>.</def> [Obs.] <i>Brande & C.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ho"bit</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Howitzer</u>.] <i>(Mil.)</i> <def>A small mortar on a gun carriage, in use before the howitzer.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hob"nail`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [1st <i>hob + nail</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A short, sharp-pointed, large- headed nail, — used in shoeing houses and for studding the soles of heavy shoes.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A clownish person; a rustic.</def> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Hobnail liver</b></col> <i>(Med.)</i>, <cd>a disease in which the liver is shrunken, hard, and covered with projections like hobnails; one of the forms of cirrhosis of the liver.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Hob"nail`</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To tread down roughly, as with hobnailed shoes.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Your rights and charters <i>hobnailed</i> into slush.</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hob"nailed`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>See with hobnails, as a shoe.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hob"nob`</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> [AS. <i>habban</i> to have + <i>habban</i> to have not; <i>ne</i> not + <i>habban</i> to have. See <u>Have</u>, and cf. <u>Habnab</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Have or have not; — a familiar invitation to reciprocal drinking.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>At random; hit or miss. (Obs.)</def> <i>Holinshed.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hob"nob`</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Hornobbed</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Hornobbing</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To drink familiarly (with another).</def> [ Written also <i>hob-a-nob</i>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To associate familiarly; to be on intimate terms.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hob"nob`</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Familiar, social intercourse.</def> <i>W. Black.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hob"or*nob`</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Hobnob</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ho"boy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A hautboy or oboe.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Hob"son's choice"</hw> (?). <def>A choice without an alternative; the thing offered or nothing.</def></p>

<p>&fist; It is said to have had its origin in the name of one <i>Hobson</i>, at Cambridge, England, who let horses, and required every customer to take in his turn the horse which stood next the stable door.</p>

<p><hw>Hoc"co</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The crested curassow; — called also <i>royal pheasant</i>. See <u>Curassow</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hoche"pot</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Hotchpot.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hock</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [So called from <i>Hoch</i>heim, in Germany.] <def>A Rhenish wine, of a light yellow color, either sparkling or still. The name is also given indiscriminately to all Rhenish wines.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hock</hw>, <hw>Hough</hw> (&?;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [ AS. <i>h&?;h</i> the heel; prob. akin to Icel. <i>h&amacr;sinn</i> hock sinew, Dan. <i>hasc</i>, G. <i>hechse</i>, <i>h&auml;chse</i>, LG. <i>hacke</i>, D. <i>hak</i>; also to L. <i>coxa</i> hip (cf. <u>Cuisses</u>), Skr. <i>kaksha</i> armpit. &radic;12. Cf. <u>Heel</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The joint in the hind limb of quadrupeds between the leg and shank, or tibia and tarsus, and corresponding to the ankle in man.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A piece cut by butchers, esp. in pork, from either the front or hind leg, just above the foot.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The popliteal space; the ham.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hock</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To disable by cutting the tendons of the hock; to hamstring; to hough.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hock"a*more</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See 1st <u>Hock</u>.] <def>A Rhenish wine. [Obs.] See <u>Hock</u>.</def> <i>Hudibras.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hock"day`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. AS. <i>h&omacr;cor</i> mockery, scorn.] <def>A holiday commemorating the expulsion of the Danes, formerly observed on the second Tuesday after Easter; — called also <i>hocktide</i>.</def> [Eng.] [Written also <i>hokeday</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Hock"ey</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From <u>Hook</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A game in which two parties of players, armed with sticks curved or hooked at the end, attempt to drive any small object (as a ball or a bit of wood) toward opposite goals.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The stick used by the players.</def> [Written also <i>hookey</i> and <i>hawkey</i>.] </p>

<p><hw>Hock"herb`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The mallow.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hoc"kle</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Hockled</u>(?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Hockling</u> (?).] [From 2d <u>Hock</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To hamstring; to hock; to hough.</def> <i>Hanmer.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To mow, as stubble.</def> <i>Mason.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ho"cus</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [See <u>Hocus- pocus</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To deceive or cheat.</def> <i>Halliwell.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To adulterate; to drug; as, liquor is said to be <i>hocused</i> for the purpose of stupefying the drinker.</def> <i>Dickens.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To stupefy with drugged liquor.</def> <i>Thackeray.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ho"cus</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who cheats or deceives.</def> <i>South.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Drugged liquor.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ho"cus-po"cus</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Prob. invented by jugglers in imitation of Latin. Cf. <u>Hoax</u>, <u>Hocus</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A term used by jugglers in pretended incantations.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A juggler or trickster.</def> <i>Sir T. Herbert.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A juggler's trick; a cheat; nonsense.</def> <i>Hudibras.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ho"cus-po"cus</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To cheat.</def> [Colloq.] <i>L'Estrange.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hod</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Prov. E. for <i>hold</i>, <i>i. e</i>., that which holds. See <u>Hold</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A kind of wooden tray with a handle, borne on the shoulder, for carrying mortar, brick, etc.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A utensil for holding coal; a coal scuttle.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hod"den*gray`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Perh. akin to E. <i>hoiden</i> rustic, clownish.] <def>Applied to coarse cloth made of undyed wool, formerly worn by Scotch peasants.</def> [Scot.]</p>

<p><hw>Hod"dy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Prob. for <i>hooded</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>See <i>Dun crow</i>, under <u>Dun</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos></def></p>

<p><hw>Hod"dy*dod`dy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Prob. E. also <i>hoddypeke</i>, <i>hoddypoule</i>, <i>hoddymandoddy</i>.] <def>An awkward or foolish person.</def> [Obs.] <i>B. Jonson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hodge"podge`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A mixed mass; a medley. See <u>Hotchpot</u>.</def> <i>Johnson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hodg`kin's dis*ease"</hw> (?). <i>(Med.)</i> <def>A morbid condition characterized by progressive an&aelig;mia and enlargement of the lymphatic glands; — first described by Dr. <i>Hodgkin</i>, an English physician.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Ho"di*ern</hw> (?), <hw>Ho`di*er"nal</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>hodiernus</i>, fr. <i>hodie</i> today.] <def>Of this day; belonging to the present day.</def> [R.] <i>Boyle. Quart. Rev.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hod"man</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Hodmen</b></plw>(&?;). <def>A man who carries a hod; a mason's tender.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hod"man*dod</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Obs.] <def>See <u>Dodman</u>.</def> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hod"o*graph</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr.&?; path + <i>graph</i>.] <i>(Math.)</i> <def>A curve described by the moving extremity of a line the other end of which is fixed, this line being constantly parallel to the direction of motion of, and having its length constantly proportional to the velocity of, a point moving in any path; -used in investigations respecting central forces.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ho*dom"e*ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Odometer</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hoe</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>hoe</i>, F. <i>houe</i>; of German origin, cf. OHG. <i>houwa</i>, <i>howa</i>, G. <i>haue</i>, fr. OHG. <i>houwan</i> to hew. See <u>Hew</u> to cut.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A tool chiefly for digging up weeds, and arranging the earth about plants in fields and gardens. It is made of a flat blade of iron or steel having an eye or tang by which it is attached to a wooden handle at an acute angle.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The horned or piked dogfish. See <u>Dogfish</u>.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Dutch hoe</b></col>, <cd>one having the blade set for use in the manner of a spade.</cd> — <col><b>Horse hoe</b></col>, <cd>a kind of cultivator.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Hoe</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Hoed</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Hoeing</u>.] [Cf. F. <i>houer</i>.] <def>To cut, dig, scrape, turn, arrange, or clean, with a hoe; as, to <i>hoe</i> the earth in a garden; also, to clear from weeds, or to loosen or arrange the earth about, with a hoe; as, to <i>hoe</i> corn.</def></p>

<p><col><b>To hoe one's row</b></col>, <cd>to do one's share of a job.</cd> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><hw>Hoe</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To use a hoe; to labor with a hoe.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hoe"cake`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A cake of Indian meal, water, and salt, baked before the fire or in the ashes; — so called because often cooked on a hoe.</def> [Southern U.S.]</p>

<p><hw>Hoe"moth`er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [A local Orkney name; cf. Icel. <i>h&amacr;r</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The basking or liver shark; — called also <i>homer</i>. See <i>Liver shark</i>, under <u>Liver</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ho"ful</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [AS. <i>hogful</i>, <i>hohful</i>, fr. <i>hogu</i> care, anxiety.] <def>Careful; wary.</def> [Obs.] <i>Stapleton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hog</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Prob. akin to E. <i>hack</i> to cut, and meaning orig., a castrated boar; cf. also W. <i>hwch</i> swine, sow, Armor. <i>houc'h</i>, <i>hoc'h</i>. Cf. <u>Haggis</u>, <u>Hogget</u>, and <u>Hoggerel</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A quadruped of the genus <i>Sus</i>, and allied genera of <i>Suid&aelig;</i>; esp., the domesticated varieties of <i>S. scrofa</i>, kept for their fat and meat, called, respectively, <i>lard</i> and <i>pork</i>; swine; porker; specifically, a castrated boar; a barrow.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The domestic hogs of Siam, China, and parts of Southern Europe, are thought to have been derived from <i>Sus Indicus</i>.</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A mean, filthy, or gluttonous fellow.</def> [Low.]</p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A young sheep that has not been shorn.</def> [Eng.]</p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>A rough, flat scrubbing broom for scrubbing a ship's bottom under water.</def> <i>Totten.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <i>(Paper Manuf.)</i> <def>A device for mixing and stirring the pulp of which paper is made.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Bush hog</b></col>, <col><b>Ground hog</b></col>, etc.. <cd>See under <u>Bush</u>, <u>Ground</u>, etc.</cd> — <col><b>Hog caterpillar</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the larva of the green grapevine sphinx; — so called because the head and first three segments are much smaller than those behind them, so as to make a resemblance to a hog's snout. See <u>Hawk moth</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Hog cholera</b></col>, <cd>an epidemic contagious fever of swine, attended by liquid, fetid, diarrhea, and by the appearance on the skin and mucous membrane of spots and patches of a scarlet, purple, or black color. It is fatal in from one to six days, or ends in a slow, uncertain recovery.</cd> <i>Law (Farmer's Veter. Adviser.)</i> — <col><b>Hog deer</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the axis deer.</cd> — <col><b>Hog gum</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>West Indian tree (<i>Symphonia globulifera</i>), yielding an aromatic gum.</cd> — <col><b>Hog of wool</b></col>, <cd>the trade name for the fleece or wool of sheep of the second year.</cd> — <col><b>Hog peanut</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>a kind of earth pea.</cd> — <col><b>Hog plum</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>a tropical tree, of the genus <i>Spondias</i> (<i>S. lutea</i>), with fruit somewhat resembling plums, but chiefly eaten by hogs. It is found in the West Indies.</cd> — <col><b>Hog's bean</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>the plant henbane.</cd> — <col><b>Hog's bread</b></col>.<i>(Bot.)</i> <cd>See <u>Sow bread</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Hog's fennel</b></col>. <i>(Bot.)</i> <cd>See under <u>Fennel</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Mexican hog</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the peccary.</cd> — <col><b>Water hog</b></col>. <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <cd>See <u>Capybara</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Hog</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Hogged</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Hogging</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To cut short like bristles; as, to <i>hog</i> the mane of a horse.</def> <i>Smart.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>To scrub with a hog, or scrubbing broom.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hog</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>To become bent upward in the middle, like a hog's back; — said of a ship broken or strained so as to have this form.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hog"back`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>An upward curve or very obtuse angle in the upper surface of any member, as of a timber laid horizontally; — the opposite of <i>camber</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>See <u>Hogframe</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Geol.)</i> <def>A ridge formed by tilted strata; hence, any ridge with a sharp summit, and steeply sloping sides.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hog"chain`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A chain or tie rod, in a boat or barge, to prevent the vessel from hogging.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hog"chok`er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>An American sole (<i>Achirus lineatus</i>, <i>or A. achirus</i>), related to the European sole, but of no market value.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hog"cote`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A shed for swine; a sty.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hog"fish`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A large West Indian and Florida food fish (<i>Lachnol&aelig;mus</i>).</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The pigfish or sailor's choice.</def> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <def>An American fresh-water fish; the log perch.</def> <sd><i>(d)</i></sd> <def>A large, red, spiny-headed, European marine fish (<i>Scorp&aelig;na scrofa</i>).</def></p>

<p><hw>Hog"frame`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Steam Vessels)</i> <def>A trussed frame extending fore and aft, usually above deck, and intended to increase the longitudinal strength and stiffness. Used chiefly in American river and lake steamers. Called also <i>hogging frame</i>, and <i>hogback</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hogged</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>Broken or strained so as to have an upward curve between the ends. See <u>Hog</u>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos></def></p>

<p><hw>Hog"ger</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A stocking without a foot, worn by coal miners at work.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hog"ger*el</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From the same source as <i>hog</i>; prob. orig., a sheep clipped the first year. See <u>Hog</u>.] <def>A sheep of the second year. [Written also <i>hogrel</i>.] <i>Ash</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hog"ger-pipe`</hw> (-p&imacr;p`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Mining)</i> <def>The upper terminal pipe of a mining pump.</def> <i>Raymond.</i></p>

<p><! p. 698 !></p>

<p><hw>Hog"ger-pump"</hw> (h&obreve;g"g&etilde;r-p&ubreve;mp`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Mining)</i> <def>The top pump in the pit.</def> <i>Raymond.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hog"ger*y</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Hoggish character or manners; selfishness; greed; beastliness.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Crime and shame<BR> And all their <i>hoggery</i>.</blockquote> <i>Mrs. Browning.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hog"get</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See Hog, and <u>Hoggerel</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A young boar of the second year.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A sheep or colt alter it has passed its first year.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hog"ging</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>Drooping at the ends; arching; — in distinction from <i>sagging</i>.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Hogging frame</b></col>. <cd>See <u>Hogframe</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Hog"gish</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Swinish; gluttonous; filthy; selfish.</def> — <wf>Hog"gish*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Hog"gish*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><blockquote>Is not a <i>hoggish</i> life the height of some men's wishes?</blockquote> <i>Shaftesbury.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hogh</hw> (h&omacr;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Icel. <i>haugr</i> hill, mound; akin to E. <i>high</i>. See <u>High</u>.] <def>A hill; a cliff.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hog"herd</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A swineherd.</def> <i>W. Browne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hog`ma*nay"</hw> (&?;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The old name, in Scotland, for the last day of the year, on which children go about singing, and receive a dole of bread or cakes; also, the entertainment given on that day to a visitor, or the gift given to an applicant.</def> [Scot.]</p>

<p><hw>Hog"nose`snake"</hw> (?). <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A harmless North American snake of the genus <i>Heterodon</i>, esp. <i>H. platyrhynos</i>; — called also <i>puffing adder</i>, <i>blowing adder</i>, and <i>sand viper</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hog"nut`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The pignut.</def> See <u>Hickory</u>. <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>In England, the <i>Bunium flexuosum</i>, a tuberous plant.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ho"go</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Corrupted from F. <i>haut go&ucirc;t</i>.] <def>High flavor; strong scent.</def> [Obs.] <i>Halliwell.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hog"pen`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A pen or sty for hogs.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hog"reeve`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Reeve</u>.] <def>A civil officer charged with the duty of impounding hogs running at large.</def> [New Eng.] <i>Bartlett.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hog"ring`er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who puts rings into the snouts of hogs.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hog's"-back`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Geol.)</i> <def>A hogback.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hog"score`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Etymol. uncertain.] <i>(Curling)</i> <def>A distance line drawn across the rink or course between the middle line and the tee.</def> [Scot.]</p>

<p><hw>Hogs"head</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [D. <i>okshoofd</i>; akin to Sw. <i>oxhufvud</i>, Dan. <i>oxehoved</i>, G. <i>oxhoft</i>; apparently meaning orig., ox head, but it is not known why this name was given. Cf. <u>Ox</u>, <u>Head</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>An English measure of capacity, containing 63 wine gallons, or about 52&frac12; imperial gallons; a half pipe.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The London hogshead of beer was 54 beer gallons, the London hogshead of ale was 48 ale gallons. Elsewhere in England the ale and beer hogsheads held 51 gallons. These measures are no longer in use, except for cider.</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A large cask or barrel, of indefinite contents; esp. one containing from 100 to 140 gallons.</def> [U. S.]</p>

<p><hw>Hog"skin`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Leather tanned from a hog's skin. Also used adjectively.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hog"sty`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Hogsties</b></plw> (&?;). <def>A pen, house, or inclosure, for hogs.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hog"wash`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Swill.</def> <i>Arbuthnot.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hog"weed`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A common weed (<i>Ambrosia artemisi&aelig;ge</i>). See <u>Ambrosia</u>, 3.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>In England, the <i>Heracleum Sphondylium</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hoi"den</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>hoydon</i> a lout, rustic, OD. <i>heyden</i> a heathen, gypsy, vagabond, D. <i>heiden</i>, fr. OD. <i>heyde</i> heath, D. <i>heide</i>. See <u>Heathen</u>, <u>Heath</u>.] [Written also <i>hoyden</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A rude, clownish youth.</def> [Obs.] <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A rude, bold girl; a romp.</def> <i>H. Kingsley.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hoi"den</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Rustic; rude; bold.</def> <i>Younq.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hoi"den</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To romp rudely or indecently.</def> <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hoi"den*hood</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>State of being a hoiden.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hoi"den*ish</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Like, or appropriate to, a hoiden.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hoise</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [See <u>Hoist</u>.] <def>To hoist.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>They . . . <i>hoised</i> up the mainsail to the wind.</blockquote> <i>Acts xxvii. 40.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hoist</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Hoisted</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Hoisting</u>.] [OE. <i>hoise</i>, <i>hyse</i>, OD. <i>hyssen</i>, D. <i>hijshen</i>; akin to LG. <i>hissen</i>, Dan. <i>hisse</i>, Sw. <i>hissa</i>.] <def>To raise; to lift; to elevate; esp., to raise or lift to a desired elevation, by means of tackle, as a sail, a flag, a heavy package or weight.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>They land my goods, and <i>hoist</i> my flying sails.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Hoisting</i> him into his father's throne.</blockquote> <i>South.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Hoisting engine</b></col>, <cd>a steam engine for operating a hoist.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Hoist</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>That by which anything is hoisted; the apparatus for lifting goods.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The act of hoisting; a lift.</def> [Collog.]</p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Naut.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The perpendicular height of a flag, as opposed to the <i>fly</i>, or horizontal length when flying from a staff.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The height of a fore-and-aft sail next the mast or stay.</def> <i>Totten.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Hoist bridge</b></col>, <cd>a drawbridge that is lifted instead of being swung or drawn aside.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Hoist</hw>, <pos><i>p. p.</i></pos> <def>Hoisted.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>'T is the sport to have the enginer<BR> <i>Hoist</i> with his own petar.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hoist"a*way`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A mechanical lift. See <u>Elevator</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hoist"way`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>An opening for the hoist, or elevator, in the floor of a wareroom.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hoit</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [Gf. W. <i>hoetian</i> to dally, dandle.] <def>To leap; to caper; to romp noisily.</def> [Obs.] <i>Beau. & Fl.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hoi"ty-toi`ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [From <u>Hoit</u>.] <def>Thoughtless; giddy; flighty; also, haughty; patronizing; as, to be in <i>hoity-toity</i> spirits, or to assume <i>hoity-toity</i> airs; used also as an exclamation, denoting surprise or disapprobation, with some degree of contempt.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Hoity-toity</i>! What have I to do with dreams?</blockquote> <i>Congreve.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hoke"day`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Hockday</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ho"ker</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>h&omacr;cor</i>.] <def>Scorn; derision; abusive talk.</def> [Obs.] — <wf>Ho"ker*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hol</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See <u>Whole</u>.] <def>Whole.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hol`as*pid"e*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Holo-</i> + Gr.&?;, &?;, shield.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Having a single series of large scutes on the posterior side of the tarsus; — said of certain birds.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hol"cad</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>'olka`s</grk>, <grk>-a`dos</grk>, a ship which is towed, a ship of burden, fr. <grk>'e`lkein</grk> to draw. Gf. <u>Hulk</u>.] <def>A large ship of burden, in ancient Greece.</def> <i>Mitford.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hold</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [D. <i>hol</i> hole, hollow. See <u>Hole</u>.] <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>The whole interior portion of a vessel below the lower deck, in which the cargo is stowed.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hold</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Held</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Holding</u>. <u>Holden</u> (&?;), <pos><i>p. p.</i></pos>, is obs. in elegant writing, though still used in legal language.] [OE. <i>haldan</i>, D. <i>houden</i>, OHG. <i>hoten</i>, Icel. <i>halda</i>, Dan. <i>holde</i>, Sw. <i>h&aring;lla</i>, <i>Goth</i>. <i>haldan</i> to feed, tend (the cattle); of unknown origin. Gf. <u>Avast</u>, <u>Halt</u>, <u>Hod</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To cause to remain in a given situation, position, or relation, within certain limits, or the like; to prevent from falling or escaping; to sustain; to restrain; to keep in the grasp; to retain.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The loops <i>held</i> one curtain to another.</blockquote> <i>Ex. xxxvi. 12.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Thy right hand shall <i>hold</i> me.</blockquote> <i>Ps. cxxxix. 10. </i></p>

<p><blockquote>They all <i>hold</i> swords, being expert in war.</blockquote> <i>Cant. iii. 8.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>In vain he seeks, that having can not <i>hold</i>.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>France, thou mayst <i>hold</i> a serpent by the tongue, . . . <BR> A fasting tiger safer by the tooth,<BR> Than keep in peace that hand which thou dost <i>hold</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To retain in one's keeping; to maintain possession of, or authority over; not to give up or relinquish; to keep; to defend.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>We mean to <i>hold</i> what anciently we claim<BR> Of deity or empire.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To have; to possess; to be in possession of; to occupy; to derive title to; as, to <i>hold</i> office.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>This noble merchant <i>held</i> a noble house.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Of him to <i>hold</i> his seigniory for a yearly tribute.</blockquote> <i>Knolles.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>And now the strand, and now the plain, they <i>held</i>.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To impose restraint upon; to limit in motion or action; to bind legally or morally; to confine; to restrain.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>We can not <i>hold</i> mortality's strong hand.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Death! what do'st? O, <i>hold</i> thy blow.</blockquote> <i>Grashaw.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>He had not sufficient judgment and self-command to <i>hold</i> his tongue.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>To maintain in being or action; to carry on; to prosecute, as a course of conduct or an argument; to continue; to sustain.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Hold</i> not thy peace, and be not still.</blockquote> <i>Ps. lxxxiii. 1.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Seedtime and harvest, heat and hoary frost,<BR> Shall <i>hold</i> their course.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>To prosecute, have, take, or join in, as something which is the result of united action; as to, <i>hold</i> a meeting, a festival, a session, etc.; hence, to direct and bring about officially; to conduct or preside at; as, the general <i>held</i> a council of war; a judge <i>holds</i> a court; a clergyman <i>holds</i> a service.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I would <i>hold</i> more talk with thee.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <def>To receive and retain; to contain as a vessel; as, this pail <i>holds</i> milk; hence, to be able to receive and retain; to have capacity or containing power for.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Broken cisterns that can <i>hold</i> no water.</blockquote> <i>Jer. ii. 13.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>One sees more devils than vast hell can <i>hold</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>8.</b></sn> <def>To accept, as an opinion; to be the adherent of, openly or privately; to persist in, as a purpose; to maintain; to sustain.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Stand fast and <i>hold</i> the traditions which ye have been taught.</blockquote> <i>2 Thes. ii.15.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>But still he <i>held</i> his purpose to depart.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>9.</b></sn> <def>To consider; to regard; to esteem; to account; to think; to judge.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I <i>hold</i> him but a fool.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>I shall never <i>hold</i> that man my friend.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The Lord will not <i>hold</i> him guiltless that taketh his name in vain.</blockquote> <i>Ex. xx. 7. </i></p>

<p><sn><b>10.</b></sn> <def>To bear, carry, or manage; as he <i>holds</i> himself erect; he <i>holds</i> his head high.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Let him <i>hold</i> his fingers thus.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><col><b>To hold a wager</b></col>, <cd>to lay or hazard a wager.</cd> <i>Swift.</i> — <col><b>To hold forth</b></col>, <cd>to offer; to exhibit; to propose; to put forward.</cd> "The propositions which books <i>hold forth</i> and pretend to teach." <i>Locke.</i> — <col><b>To held in</b></col>, <cd>to restrain; to curd.</cd> — <col><b>To hold in hand</b></col>, <cd>to toy with; to keep in expectation; to have in one's power.</cd> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>O, fie! to receive favors, return falsehoods,<BR> And <i>hold</i> a lady in <i>hand</i>.</blockquote> <i>Beaw. & Fl.</i></p>

<p>— <col><b>To hold in play</b></col>, <cd>to keep under control; to dally with.</cd> <i>Macaulay.</i> — <col><b>To hold off</b></col>, <cd>to keep at a distance.</cd> — <col><b>To hold on</b></col>, <cd>to hold in being, continuance or position; as, <i>to hold</i> a rider <i>on</i>.</cd> — <col><b>To hold one's day</b></col>, <cd>to keep one's appointment.</cd> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i> — <col><b>To hold one's own</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>To keep good one's present condition absolutely or relatively; not to fall off, or to lose ground; as, a ship <i>holds her own</i> when she does not lose ground in a race or chase; a man <i>holds his own</i> when he does not lose strength or weight.</cd> — <col><b>To hold one's peace</b></col>, <cd>to keep silence.</cd>- <col><b>To hold out</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>To extend; to offer.</cd> "Fortune <i>holds out</i> these to you as rewards." <i>B. Jonson.</i> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>To continue to do or to suffer; to endure.</cd> "He can not long <i>hold out</i> these pangs." <i>Shak.</i> — <col><b>To hold up</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>To raise; to lift; as, <i>hold up</i> your head.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>To support; to sustain.</cd> "He <i>holds</i> himself <i>up</i> in virtue."<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <cd>To exhibit; to display; as, he was <i>held up</i> as an example.</cd> <sd><i>(d)</i></sd> <cd>To rein in; to check; to halt; as, <i>hold up</i> your horses.</cd> — <col><b>To hold water</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>Literally, to retain water without leaking; hence (Fig.), to be whole, sound, consistent, without gaps or holes; — commonly used in a negative sense; as, his statements will not <i>hold water</i>.</cd> [Collog.] <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <i>(Naut.)</i> <cd>To hold the oars steady in the water, thus checking the headway of a boat.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Hold</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>In general, to keep one's self in a given position or condition; to remain fixed. Hence:</def></p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Not to move; to halt; to stop; — mostly in the imperative.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>And damned be him that first cries, "<i>Hold</i>, enough!"</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Not to give way; not to part or become separated; to remain unbroken or unsubdued.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Our force by land hath nobly <i>held</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Not to fail or be found wanting; to continue; to last; to endure a test or trial; to abide; to persist.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>While our obedience <i>holds</i>.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The rule <i>holds</i> in land as all other commodities.</blockquote> <i>Locke.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Not to fall away, desert, or prove recreant; to remain attached; to cleave; — often with <i>with</i>, <i>to</i>, or <i>for</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He will <i>hold</i> to the one and despise the other.</blockquote> <i>Matt. vi. 24</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>To restrain one's self; to refrain.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>His dauntless heart would fain have <i>held</i><BR> From weeping, but his eyes rebelled.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>To derive right or title; — generally with <i>of</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>My crown is absolute, and <i>holds</i> of none.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>His imagination <i>holds</i> immediately from nature.</blockquote> <i>Hazlitt.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Hold on!</b></col> <col><b>Hold up!</b></col> <cd>wait; stop; forbear.</cd> [Collog] — <col><b>To hold forth</b></col>, <cd>to speak in public; to harangue; to preach.</cd> <i>L'Estrange.</i> — <col><b>To hold in</b></col>, <cd>to restrain one's self; as, he wanted to laugh and could hardly <i>hold in</i>.</cd> — <col><b>To hold off</b></col>, <cd>to keep at a distance.</cd> — <col><b>To hold on</b></col>, <cd>to keep fast hold; to continue; to go on.</cd> "The trade <i>held on</i> for many years," <i>Swift.</i> — <col><b>To hold out</b></col>, <cd>to last; to endure; to continue; to maintain one's self; not to yield or give way.</cd> — <col><b>To hold over</b></col>, <cd>to remain in office, possession, etc., beyond a certain date.</cd> — <col><b>To hold to or with</b></col>, <cd>to take sides with, as a person or opinion.</cd> — <col><b>To hold together</b></col>, <cd>to be joined; not to separate; to remain in union.</cd> <i>Dryden.</i> <i>Locke.</i> — <col><b>To hold up</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>To support one's self; to remain unbent or unbroken; as, to <i>hold up</i> under misfortunes.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>To cease raining; to cease to stop; as, it <i>holds up</i>.</cd> <i>Hudibras.</i> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <cd>To keep up; not to fall behind; not to lose ground.</cd> <i>Collier.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hold</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of holding, as in or with the hands or arms; the manner of holding, whether firm or loose; seizure; grasp; clasp; gripe; possession; — often used with the verbs <i>take</i> and <i>lay</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Ne have I not twelve pence within mine <i>hold</i>.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Thou should'st lay <i>hold</i> upon him.</blockquote> <i>B. Jonson.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>My soul took <i>hold</i> on thee.</blockquote> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Take fast <i>hold</i> of instruction.</blockquote> <i>Pror. iv. 13.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The authority or ground to take or keep; claim.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The law hath yet another <i>hold</i> on you.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Binding power and influence.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Fear . . . by which God and his laws take the surest <i>hold of</i>.</blockquote> <i>Tillotson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Something that may be grasped; means of support.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>If a man be upon an high place without rails or good <i>hold</i>, he is ready to fall.</blockquote> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>A place of confinement; a prison; confinement; custody; guard.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>They . . . put them in <i>hold</i> unto the next day.</blockquote> <i>Acts. iv. 3.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>King Richard, he is in the mighty <i>hold</i><BR> Of Bolingbroke.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>A place of security; a fortified place; a fort; a castle; — often called a <i>stronghold</i>.</def> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>New comers in an ancient <i>hold</i></blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <i>(Mus.)</i> <def>A character [thus &?;] placed over or under a note or rest, and indicating that it is to be prolonged; — called also <i>pause</i>, and <i>corona</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hold"back`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Check; hindrance; restraint; obstacle.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The only <i>holdback</i> is the affection . . . that we bear to our wealth.</blockquote> <i>Hammond.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The projection or loop on the thill of a vehicle. to which a strap of the harness is attached, to hold back a carriage when going down hill, or in backing; also, the strap or part of the harness so used.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hold"er</hw>, (&?;) <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who is employed in the hold of a vessel.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hold"er</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who, or that which, holds.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>One who holds land, etc., under another; a tenant.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Com.)</i> <def>The payee of a bill of exchange or a promissory note, or the one who owns or holds it.</def></p>

<p>&fist; <i>Holder</i> is much used as the second part of a compound; as, share<i>holder</i>, office<i>holder</i>, stock<i>holder</i>,etc.</p>

<p><hw>Hold"er-forth`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who speaks in public; an haranguer; a preacher.</def> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hold"fast`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Something used to secure and hold in place something else, as a long flat-headed nail, a catch a hook, a clinch, a clamp, etc.; hence, a support.</def> "His <i>holdfast</i> was gone." <i>Bp. Montagu.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A conical or branching body, by which a seaweed is attached to its support, and differing from a root in that it is not specially absorbent of moisture.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hold"ing</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act or state of sustaining, grasping, or retaining.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A tenure; a farm or other estate held of another.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>That which holds, binds, or influences.</def> <i>Burke.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>The burden or chorus of a song.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Holding note</b></col> <i>(Mus.)</i>, <cd>a note sustained in one part, while the other parts move.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Hole</hw> (h&omacr;l), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Whole.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hole</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>hol</i>, <i>hole</i>, AS. <i>hol</i>, hole, cavern, from <i>hol</i>, a., <i>hollow</i>; akin to D. <i>hol</i>, OHG. <i>hol</i>, G. <i>hohl</i>, Dan. <i>huul</i> hollow, <i>hul</i> hole, Sw. <i>h&aring;l</i>, Icel. <i>hola</i>; prob. from the root of AS. <i>helan</i> to conceal. See <u>Hele</u>, <u>Hell</u>, and cf. <u>Hold</u> of a ship.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A hollow place or cavity; an excavation; a pit; an opening in or through a solid body, a fabric, etc.; a perforation; a rent; a fissure.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>holes</i> where eyes should be.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The blind walls<BR> Were full of chinks and <i>holes</i>.</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The priest took a chest, and bored a <i>hole</i> in the lid.</blockquote> <i>2 Kings xii. 9.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>An excavation in the ground, made by an animal to live in, or a natural cavity inhabited by an animal; hence, a low, narrow, or dark lodging or place; a mean habitation.</def> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The foxes have <i>holes</i>, . . . but the Son of man hath not where to lay his head.</blockquote> <i>Luke ix. 58.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Hollow; concavity; aperture; rent; fissure; crevice; orifice; interstice; perforation; excavation; pit; cave; den; cell.</p>

<p><col><b>Hole and corner</b></col>, <cd>clandestine, underhand.</cd> [Colloq.] "The wretched trickery of <i>hole</i> and <i>corner</i> buffery." <i>Dickens.</i> — <col><b>Hole board</b></col> <i>(Fancy Weaving)</i>, <cd>a board having holes through which cords pass which lift certain warp threads; — called also <i>compass board</i>.</cd></p>

<p><! p. 699 !></p>

<p><hw>Hole</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [AS. <i>holian</i>. See <u>Hole</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To cut, dig, or bore a hole or holes in; as, to <i>hole</i> a post for the insertion of rails or bars.</def> <i>Chapman.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To drive into a hole, as an animal, or a billiard ball.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hole</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To go or get into a hole.</def> <i>B. Jonson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hol*eth"nic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to a holethnos or parent race.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>holethnic</i> history of the Arians.</blockquote> <i>London Academy.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hol*eth"nos</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Holo</i> + Gr. &?; race.] <def>A parent stock or race of people, not yet divided into separate branches or tribes.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hol"i*but</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>See <u>Halibut</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hol"i*dam</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Obs.] <def>See <u>Halidom</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hol"i*day</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Holy</i> + <i>day</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A consecrated day; religious anniversary; a day set apart in honor of some person, or in commemoration of some event. See <u>Holyday</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A day of exemption from labor; a day of amusement and gayety; a festival day.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>And young and old come forth to play<BR> On a sunshine <i>holiday</i>.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Law)</i> <def>A day fixed by law for suspension of business; a legal holiday.</def></p>

<p>&fist; In the United States <i>legal holidays</i>, so called, are determined by law, commonly by the statutes of the several States. The holidays most generally observed are: the 22d day of February (Washington's birthday), the 30th day of May (Memorial day), the 4th day of July (Independence day), the 25th day of December (Christmas day). In most of the States the 1st day of January is a holiday. When any of these days falls on Sunday, usually the Monday following is observed as the holiday. In many of the States a day in the spring (as Good Friday, or the first Thursday in April), and a day in the fall (as the last Thursday in November) are now regularly appointed by Executive proclamation to be observed, the former as a day of fasting and prayer, the latter as a day of thanksgiving and are kept as holidays. In England, the days of the greater church feasts (designated in the calendar by a red letter, and commonly called <i>red-letter days</i>) are observed as general holidays. <i>Bank holidays</i> are those on which, by act of Parliament, banks may suspend business. Although Sunday is a holiday in the sense of a day when business is legally suspended, it is not usually included in the general term, the phrase "Sundays and holidays" being more common.</p>

<p><col><b>The holidays</b></col>, <cd>any fixed or usual period for relaxation or festivity; especially, Christmas and New Year's day with the intervening time.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Hol`i*day</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Of or pertaining to a festival; cheerful; joyous; gay.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Occurring rarely; adapted for a special occasion.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Courage is but a <i>holiday</i> kind of virtue, to be seldom exercised.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ho"li*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> [From <u>Holy</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Piously; with sanctity; in a holy manner.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Sacredly; inviolably.</def> [R.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ho"li*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>h&amacr;lignes</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The state or quality of being holy; perfect moral integrity or purity; freedom from sin; sanctity; innocence.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Who is like thee, glorious in <i>holiness</i>!</blockquote> <i>Ex. xv. 11.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The state of being hallowed, or consecrated to God or to his worship; sacredness.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Israel was <i>holiness</i> unto the Lord.</blockquote> <i>Jer.ii.3.</i></p>

<p><col><b>His holiness</b></col>, <cd>a title of the pope; — formerly given also to Greek bishops and Greek emperors.</cd></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Piety; devotion; godliness; sanctity; sacredness; righteousness.</p>

<p><hw>Hol"ing</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Hole</u> a hollow.] <i>(Mining)</i> <def>Undercutting in a bed of coal, in order to bring down the upper mass.</def> <i>Raymond.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hol"la</hw> (?), <pos><i>interj.</i></pos> [F. <i>hola</i>; <i>ho</i> ho + <i>l&agrave;</i> there, fr. L. <i>illac</i> that way, there. Cf. <u>Hollo</u>.] <def>Hollo.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hol"la</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Hollaed</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Hollaing</u>.] <def>See <u>Hollo</u>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos></def></p>

<p><hw>Hol"land</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A kind of linen first manufactured in Holland; a linen fabric used for window shades, children's garments, etc.; as, brown or unbleached <i>hollands</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hol"land*er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A native or one of the people of Holland; a Dutchman.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A very hard, semi-glazed, green or dark brown brick, which will not absorb water; — called also, <i>Dutch clinker</i>.</def> <i>Wagner.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hol"land*ish</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Relating to Holland; Dutch.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hol"lands</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Gin made in Holland.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>pl.</i> <def>See <u>Holland</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hol*lo"</hw> (?), <pos><i>interj. & n.</i></pos> [See <u>Halloo</u>, and cf. <u>Holla</u>.] <def>Ho there; stop; attend; hence, a loud cry or a call to attract attention; a halloo.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>And every day, for food or play,<BR> Came to the mariner's <i>hollo</i>.</blockquote> <i>Coleridge.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hol"lo</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Holloed</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Holloing</u>.] [See <u>Hollo</u>, <pos><i>interj.</i></pos>, and cf. <u>Halloo</u>.] <def>To call out or exclaim; to halloo. This form is now mostly replaced by <u>hello</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hol*loa"</hw> (?), <pos><i>interj.</i></pos>, <pos><i>n. & v. i.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Hollo</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hol"low</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [OE. <i>holow</i>, <i>holgh</i>, <i>holf</i>, AS. <i>holh</i> a hollow, hole. Cf. <u>Hole</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Having an empty space or cavity, natural or artificial, within a solid substance; not solid; excavated in the interior; as, a <i>hollow</i> tree; a <i>hollow</i> sphere.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Hollow</i> with boards shalt thou make it.</blockquote> <i>Ex. xxvii. 8.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Depressed; concave; gaunt; sunken.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>With <i>hollow</i> eye and wrinkled brow.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Reverberated from a cavity, or resembling such a sound; deep; muffled; as, a <i>hollow</i> roar.</def> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Not sincere or faithful; false; deceitful; not sound; as, a <i>hollow</i> heart; a <i>hollow</i> friend.</def> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Hollow newel</b></col> <i>(Arch.)</i>, <cd>an opening in the center of a winding staircase in place of a newel post, the stairs being supported by the wall; an open newel; also, the stringpiece or rail winding around the well of such a staircase.</cd> — <col><b>Hollow quoin</b></col> <i>(Engin.)</i>, <cd>a pier of stone or brick made behind the lock gates of a canal, and containing a hollow or recess to receive the ends of the gates.</cd> — <col><b>Hollow root</b></col>. <i>(Bot.)</i> <cd>See <u>Moschatel</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Hollow square</b></col>. <cd>See <u>Square</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Hollow ware</b></col>, <cd>hollow vessels; — a trade name for cast-iron kitchen utensils, earthenware, etc.</cd></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b>- Concave; sunken; low; vacant; empty; void; false; faithless; deceitful; treacherous.</p>

<p><hw>Hol"low</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A cavity, natural or artificial; an unfilled space within anything; a hole, a cavern; an excavation; as the <i>hollow</i> of the hand or of a tree.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A low spot surrounded by elevations; a depressed part of a surface; a concavity; a channel.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Forests grew<BR> Upon the barren <i>hollows</i>.</blockquote> <i>Prior.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>I hate the dreadful <i>hollow</i> behind the little wood.</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hol"low</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Hollowed</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Hollowing</u>.] <def>To make hollow, as by digging, cutting, or engraving; to excavate.</def> "Trees rudely <i>hollowed</i>." <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hol"low</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>Wholly; completely; utterly; — chiefly after the verb <i>to beat</i>, and often with <i>all</i>; as, this story beats the other all <i>hollow</i>. See <u>All</u>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></def> [Collog.]</p>

<p><blockquote>The more civilized so-called Caucasian races have beaten the Turks <i>hollow</i> in the struggle for existence.</blockquote> <i>Darwin.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hol*low"</hw> (?), <pos><i>interj.</i></pos> [See <u>Hollo</u>.] <def>Hollo.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hol"low</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To shout; to hollo.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Whisperings and <i>hollowings</i> are alike to a deaf ear.</blockquote> <i>Fuller.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hol"low</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To urge or call by shouting.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He has <i>hollowed</i> the hounds.</blockquote> <i>Sir W. Scott. </i></p>

<p><hw>Hol"low-heart`ed</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Insincere; deceitful; not sound and true; having a cavity or decayed spot within.</def></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Faithless; dishonest; false; treacherous.</p>

<p><hw>Hol"low-horned`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Having permanent horns with a bony core, as cattle.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hol"low*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>Insincerely; deceitfully.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hol"low*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>State of being hollow.</def> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Insincerity; unsoundness; treachery.</def> <i>South.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hol"ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>Wholly.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hol"ly</hw> (h&obreve;l"l&ybreve;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE <i>holi</i>, <i>holin</i>, AS. <i>holen</i>, <i>holegn</i>; akin to D. & G. <i>hulst</i>, OHG. <i>huls hulis</i>, W. <i>celyn</i>, Armor. <i>kelen</i>, Gael. <i>cuilionn</i>, Ir. <i>cuileann</i>. Cf. 1st <u>Holm</u>, <u>Hulver</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A tree or shrub of the genus <i>Ilex</i>. The European species (<i>Ilex Aquifolium</i>) is best known, having glossy green leaves, with a spiny, waved edge, and bearing berries that turn red or yellow about Michaelmas.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The <i>holly</i> is much used to adorn churches and houses, at Christmas time, and hence is associated with scenes of good will and rejoicing. It is an evergreen tree, and has a finegrained, heavy, white wood. Its bark is used as a febrifuge, and the berries are violently purgative and emetic. The American holly is the <i>Ilex opaca</i>, and is found along the coast of the United States, from Maine southward. <i>Gray.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The holm oak. See 1st <u>Holm</u>.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Holly-leaved oak</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>the black scrub oak. See <u>Scrub oak</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Holly rose</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>a West Indian shrub, with showy, yellow flowers (<i>Turnera ulmifolia</i>).</cd> — <col><b>Sea holly</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>a species of Eryngium. See <u>Eryngium</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Hol"ly*hock</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>holihoc</i>; <i>holi holy + hoc</i> mallow, AS. <i>hoc</i>; cf. W. <i>hocys</i> mallows, <i>hocys bendigaid</i> hollyhock, lit., blessed mallow. Prob. so named because brought from the Holy Land. See <u>Holy</u>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A species of Alth&aelig;a (<i>A. rosea</i>), bearing flowers of various colors; — called also <i>rose mallow</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Holm</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE., prob. from AS. <i>holen</i> holly; as the holly is also called <i>holm</i>. See <u>Holly</u>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A common evergreen oak, of Europe (<i>Quercus Ilex</i>); — called also <i>ilex</i>, and <i>holly</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Holm</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>holm</i>, usually meaning, sea, water; akin to Icel. <i>h&omacr;lmr</i>, <i>holmr</i>, an island, Dan. <i>holm</i>, Sw. <i>holme</i>, G. <i>holm</i>, and prob. to E. <i>hill</i>. Cf. <u>Hill</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>An islet in a river.</def> <i>J. Brand.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Low, flat land.</def> <i>Wordsworth.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The soft wind blowing over meadowy <i>holms</i>.</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Holm thrush</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the missel thrush.</cd></p>

<p><hw>||Hol"mi*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>An oxide of holmium.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Hol"mi*um</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., of uncertain origin.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A rare element said to be contained in gadolinite.</def> — <wf>Hol"mic</wf> (#), <pos><i>a.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>||Hol"mos</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr.&?;.] <i>(Greek & Etrus. Antiq.)</i> <def>A name given to a vase having a rounded body</def>; esp.: <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A closed vessel of nearly spherical form on a high stem or pedestal.</def> <i>Fairholt.</i> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A drinking cup having a foot and stem.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hol"o-</hw> (?). <def>A combining form fr. Gr. <grk>"o`los</grk> whole.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hol"o*blast</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Holo</i> + <i>- blast</i>.] <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>an ovum composed entirely of germinal matter. See <u>Meroblast</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hol`o*blas"tic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>Undergoing complete segmentation; composed entirely of germinal matter, the whole of the yolk undergoing fission; — opposed to <i>meroblastic</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hol"o*caust</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>holocaustum</i>, Gr. &?;, neut. of &?;, &?;, burnt whole; <grk>"o'los</grk> whole + <grk>kaysto`s</grk> burnt, fr. <grk>kai`ein</grk> to burn (cf. <u>Caustic</u>): cf. F. <i>holocauste</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A burnt sacrifice; an offering, the whole of which was consumed by fire, among the Jews and some pagan nations.</def> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Sacrifice or loss of many lives, as by the burning of a theater or a ship. [An extended use not authorized by careful writers.]</def></p>

<p><hw>||Hol`o*ceph"a*li</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., from Gr. <grk>"o`los</grk> whole + <grk>kefalh`</grk> head.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>An order of elasmobranch fishes, including, among living species, only the chim&aelig;ras; — called also <i>Holocephala</i>. See <u>Chim&aelig;ra</u>; also <i>Illustration</i> in Appendix.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hol`o*cryp"tic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Holo-</i> + Gr. <grk>kry`ptein</grk> to conceal.] <def>Wholly or completely concealing; incapable of being deciphered.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Holocryptic cipher</b></col>, <cd>a cipher so constructed as to afford no clew to its meaning to one ignorant of the key.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Hol`o*crys"tal*line</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Holo</i> + <i>crystalline</i>.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>Completely crystalline; — said of a rock like granite, all the constituents of which are crystalline.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hol"o*graph</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>holographus</i> entirely autograph, Gr. <grk>"olo`grafos</grk>; <grk>"o`los</grk> whole + <grk>gra`fein</grk> to write: cf. F. <i>holographe</i>, <i>olographe</i>.] <def>A document, as a letter, deed, or will, wholly in the handwriting of the person from whom it proceeds and whose act it purports to be.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hol`o*graph"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of the nature of a holograph; pertaining to holographs.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hol`o*he"dral</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Holo-</i> + Gr. &?; seat, base, fr. &?; to sit.] <i>(Crystallog.)</i> <def>Having all the planes required by complete symmetry, — in opposition to <i>hemihedral</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hol`o*hem`i*he"dral</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Holo- </i> + <i>hemihedral</i>.] <i>(Crystallog.)</i> <def>Presenting hemihedral forms, in which all the sectants have halt the whole number of planes.</def> <i>Dana.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Hol`o*me*tab"o*la</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Holo-</u>, and <u>Metabola</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Those insects which have a complete metamorphosis; metabola.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hol`o*met`a*bol"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Having a complete metamorphosis; — said of certain insects, as the butterflies and bees.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ho*lom"e*ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Holo</i> + <i>-meter</i>: cf. F. <i>holometre</i>.] <def>An instrument for making all kinds of angular measurements.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hol`o*phan"er*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Holo</i> + Gr. &?; visible, fr. &?; to appear.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Holometabolic</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hol`o*pho"tal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Holo</i> + Gr. &?;, &?;, light.] <i>(Opt.)</i> <def>Causing no loss of light; — applied to reflectors which throw back the rays of light without perceptible loss.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hol"o*phote</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A lamp with lenses or reflectors to collect the rays of light and throw them in a given direction; — used in lighthouses.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hol`o*phras"tic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Holo</i> + Gr. &?; to speak: cf. F. <i>holophrastique</i>.] <def>Expressing a phrase or sentence in a single word, — as is the case in the aboriginal languages of America.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hol`o*phyt"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Holo</i> + Gr.&?; a plant.] <def>Wholly or distinctively vegetable.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Holophytic nutrition</b></col> (&?;), <cd>that form of nutrition, characteristic of vegetable organisms, in which carbonic acid, ammonia, and nitrates are absorbed as food, in distinction from the animal mode of nutrition, by the ingestion of albuminous matter.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Hol`o*rhi"nal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Holo</i> + Gr.&?;, nose.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Having the nasal bones contiguous.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hol`o*sid"er*ite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Holo</i> + <i>siderite</i>.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>Meteoric iron; a meteorite consisting of metallic iron without stony matter.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ho*los"te*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Pertaining to the Holostei.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Ho*los"te*i</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. <grk>"o`los</grk> whole + &?; a bone.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>An extensive division of ganoids, including the gar pike, bowfin, etc.; the bony ganoids. See <i>Illustration</i> in Appendix.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hol`o*ster"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Holo</i> + Gr.<grk>stereo`s</grk> solid.] <def>Wholly solid; — said of a barometer constructed of solid materials to show the variations of atmospheric pressure without the use of liquids, as the aneroid.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Hol`o*stom"a*ta</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. <grk>"o`los</grk> whole + <grk>sto`ma</grk>, <grk>-atos</grk>, mouth.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>An artificial division of gastropods, including those that have an entire aperture.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ho*los"to*mate</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Holostomatous</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hol`o*stom"a*tous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Having an entire aperture; — said of many univalve shells.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hol"o*stome</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Holo</i> + Gr. <grk>sto`ma</grk> mouth.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of the Holostomata.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Ho*los"tra*ca</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. <grk>"o`los</grk> whole + &?; shell of a testacean.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A division of phyllopod Crustacea, including those that are entirely covered by a bivalve shell.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hol"o*thure</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>holothuria</i>, pl., a sort of water polyp, Gr. &?;.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A holothurian.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hol`o*thu"ri*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Belonging to the Holothurioidea.</def> — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One of the Holothurioidea.</def></p>

<p>&fist; Some of the species of Holothurians are called <i>sea cucumbers</i>, <i>sea slugs</i>, <i>trepang</i>, and <i>b&ecirc;che de m&egrave;r</i>. Many are used as food, esp. by the Chinese. See <u>Trepang</u>.</p>

<p><hw>||Hol`o*thu`ri*oi"de*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Holothure</u>, and <u>-oid</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of the classes of echinoderms.</def> They have a more or less elongated body, often flattened beneath, and a circle of tentacles, which are usually much branched, surrounding the mouth; the skin is more or less flexible, and usually contains calcareous plates of various characteristic forms, sometimes becoming large and scalelike. Most of the species have five bands (ambulacra) of sucker-bearing feet along the sides; in others these are lacking. In one group (Pneumonophora) two branching internal gills are developed; in another (Apneumona) these are wanting. Called also <i>Holothurida</i>, <i>Holothuridea</i>, and <i>Holothuroidea</i>.</p>

<p><! p. 700 !></p>

<p><hw>||||Ho*lot"ri*cha</hw> (h&osl;*l&obreve;t"r&ibreve;*k&adot;), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. <grk>"o`los</grk> whole + <grk>qri`x</grk>, <grk>tricho`s</grk>, a hair.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A group of ciliated Infusoria, having cilia all over the body.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hol"our</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>holier</i>.] <def>A whoremonger.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Holp</hw> (?), <hw>Hol"pen</hw> (?), } <def><pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> of <u>Help</u>.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hol"som</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Wholesome.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hol"ster</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [D. <i>holster</i>; skin to AS. <i>heolstor</i> den, cave, fr. <i>helan</i> to conceal, and to Icel. <i>hulstr</i> case, Goth. <i>hulistr</i> covering, veil, <i>huljan</i> to cover. &radic;17. See <u>Hele</u> to cover, <u>Hell</u>, and cf. <u>Housing</u>, <u>Houss</u>.] <def>A leather case for a pistol, carried by a horseman at the bow of his saddle.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hol"stered</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Bearing holsters.</def> <i>Byron.</i></p>

<p><hw>Holt</hw> (?), <def><pos><i>3d pers. sing. pres.</i></pos> of <u>Hold</u>, contr. from <i>holdeth</i>.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Holt</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>holt</i>; akin to LG. <i>holt</i>, D. <i>hout</i>, G. <i>holz</i>. Icel. <i>holt</i>; cf Gael. & Ir. <i>coill</i> wood, Gr. &?; branch, shoot.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A piece of woodland; especially, a woody hill.</def> "Every <i>holt</i> and heath." <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>She sent her voice though all the holt<BR> Before her, and the park.</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A deep hole in a river where there is protection for fish; also, a cover, a hole, or hiding place.</def> " The fox has gone to <i>holt</i>." <i>C. Kingsley.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hol"we</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Hollow.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ho"ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<pos><i>Compar.</i></pos> <u>Holier</u> (?); <pos><i>superl.</i></pos> <u>Holiest</u>.] [OE. <i>holi</i>, <i>hali</i>, AS. <i>h&amacr;lig</i>, fr. <i>h&aelig;l</i> health, salvation, happiness, fr. <i>h&amacr;l</i> whole, well; akin to OS. <i>h&?;lag</i>, D. & G. <i>heilig</i>, OHG. <i>heilac</i>, Dan. <i>hellig</i>, Sw. <i>helig</i>, Icel. <i>heilagr</i>. See <u>Whole</u>, and cf. <u>Halibut</u>, <u>Halidom</u>, <u>Hallow</u>, <u>Hollyhock</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Set apart to the service or worship of God; hallowed; sacred; reserved from profane or common use; <i>holy</i> vessels; a <i>holy</i> priesthood.</def> "<i>Holy</i> rites and solemn feasts." <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Spiritually whole or sound; of unimpaired innocence and virtue; free from sinful affections; pure in heart; godly; pious; irreproachable; guiltless; acceptable to God.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Now through her round of <i>holy</i> thought<BR> The Church our annual steps has brought.</blockquote> <i>Keble.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Holy Alliance</b></col> <i>(Hist.)</i>, <cd>a league ostensibly for conserving religion, justice, and peace in Europe, but really for repressing popular tendencies toward constitutional government, entered into by Alexander I. of Russia, Francis I. of Austria, and Frederic William III. of Prussia, at Paris, on the 26th of September, 1815, and subsequently joined by all the sovereigns of Europe, except the pope and the king of England.</cd> — <col><b>Holy bark</b></col>. <cd>See <u>Cascara sagrada</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Holy Communion</b></col>. <cd>See <u>Eucharist</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Holy family</b></col> <i>(Art)</i>, <cd>a picture in which the infant Christ, his parents, and others of his family are represented.</cd> - - <col><b>Holy Father</b></col>, <cd>a title of the pope.</cd> — <col><b>Holy Ghost</b></col> <i>(Theol.)</i>,<cd>the third person of the Trinity; the Comforter; the Paraclete.</cd> — <col><b>Holy Grail</b></col>. <cd>See <u>Grail</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Holy grass</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>a sweet-scented grass (<i>Hierochloa borealis</i> and <i>H. alpina</i>). In the north of Europe it was formerly strewed before church doors on saints' days; whence the name. It is common in the northern and western parts of the United States. Called also <i>vanilla, or Seneca, grass</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Holy Innocents' day</b></col>, <cd>Childermas day.</cd> — <col><b>Holy Land</b></col>, <cd>Palestine, the birthplace of Christianity.</cd> — <col><b>Holy office</b></col>, <cd>the Inquisition.</cd> — <col><b>Holy of holies</b></col> <i>(Script.)</i>, <cd>the innermost apartment of the Jewish tabernacle or temple, where the ark was kept, and where no person entered, except the high priest once a year.</cd> — <col><b>Holy One</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>The Supreme Being; — so called by way of emphasis.</cd> " The <i>Holy One</i> of Israel." <i>Is. xliii. 14.</i> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>One separated to the service of God.</cd> — <col><b>Holy orders</b></col>. <cd>See <u>Order</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Holy rood</b></col>, <cd>the cross or crucifix, particularly one placed, in churches. over the entrance to the chancel.</cd> — <col><b>Holy rope</b></col>, <cd>a plant, the hemp agrimony.</cd> — <col><b>Holy Saturday</b></col> <i>(Eccl.)</i>, <cd>the Saturday immediately preceding the festival of Easter; the vigil of Easter.</cd> — <col><b>Holy Spirit</b></col>, <cd>same as <i>Holy Ghost</i> (above).</cd> — <col><b>Holy Spirit plant</b></col>. <cd>See <u>Dove plant</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Holy thistle</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>the blessed thistle. See under <u>Thistle</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Holy Thursday</b></col>. <i>(Eccl.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <i>(Episcopal Ch.)</i> <cd>Ascension day.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <i>(R. C. Ch.)</i> <cd>The Thursday in Holy Week; Maundy Thursday.</cd> — <col><b>Holy war</b></col>, <cd>a crusade; an expedition carried on by Christians against the Saracens in the Holy Land, in the eleventh, twelfth, and thirteenth centuries, for the possession of the holy places.</cd> — <col><b>Holy water</b></col> <i>(Gr. & R. C. Churches)</i>, <cd>water which has been blessed by the priest for sacred purposes.</cd> — <col><b>Holy-water stoup</b></col>, <cd>the stone stoup or font placed near the entrance of a church, as a receptacle for holy water.</cd> — <col><b>Holy Week</b></col> <i>(Eccl.)</i>, <cd>the week before Easter, in which the passion of our Savior is commemorated.</cd> — <col><b>Holy writ</b></col>, <cd>the sacred Scriptures.</cd> " Word of <i>holy writ</i>." <i>Wordsworth.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ho"ly cross"</hw> (?; 115). <def>The cross as the symbol of Christ's crucifixion.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Congregation of the Holy Cross</b></col> <i>(R. C. Ch.)</i>, <cd>a community of lay brothers and priests, in France and the United States, engaged chiefly in teaching and manual Labor. Originally called <i>Brethren of St. Joseph</i>. The <i>Sisters of the Holy Cross</i> engage in similar work.</cd> <i>Addis & Arnold.</i> — <col><b>Holy-cross day</b></col>, <cd>the fourteenth of September, observed as a church festival, in memory of the exaltation of our Savior's cross.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Ho"ly*day`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A religious festival.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A secular festival; a holiday.</def></p>

<p>&fist; <i>Holiday</i> is the preferable and prevailing spelling in the second sense. The spelling <i>holy day or holyday</i> in often used in the first sense.</p>

<p><hw>Ho"ly*stone`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>A stone used by seamen for scrubbing the decks of ships.</def> <i>Totten.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ho"ly*stone`</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>To scrub with a holystone, as the deck of a vessel.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hom"a*canth</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Homo</i> + <i>Gr</i>. <i>&?;</i> a spine.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Having the dorsal fin spines symmetrical, and in the same line; — said of certain fishes.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hom"age</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>homage</i>, <i>homenage</i>, F. <i>hommage</i>, LL. <i>hominaticum</i>, <i>homenaticum</i>, from L. <i>homo</i> a man, LL. also, a client, servant, vassal; akin to L. <i>humus</i> earth, Gr.&?; on the ground, and E. <i>groom</i> in bride<i>groom</i>. Cf. <u>Bridegroom</u>, <u>Human</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Feud. Law)</i> <def>A symbolical acknowledgment made by a feudal tenant to, and in the presence of, his lord, on receiving investiture of fee, or coming to it by succession, that he was his <i>man</i>, or vassal; profession of fealty to a sovereign.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Respect or reverential regard; deference; especially, respect paid by external action; obeisance.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>All things in heaven and earth do her [Law] <i>homage</i>.</blockquote> <i>Hooker.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>I sought no <i>homage</i> from the race that write.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Reverence directed to the Supreme Being; reverential worship; devout affection.</def> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Fealty; submission; reverence; honor; respect. — <u>Homage</u>, <u>Fealty</u>. <i>Homage</i> was originally the act of a feudal tenant by which he declared himself, on his knees, to be the <i>hommage</i> or bondman of the lord; hence the term is used to denote reverential submission or respect. <i>Fealty</i> was originally the <i>fidelity</i> of such a tenant to his lord, and hence the term denotes a faithful and solemn adherence to the obligations we owe to superior power or authority. We pay our <i>homage</i> to men of pre&euml;minent usefulness and virtue, and profess our <i>fealty</i> to the principles by which they have been guided.</p>

<p><blockquote>Go, go with <i>homage</i> yon proud victors meet !<BR> Go, lie like dogs beneath your masters' feet !</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Man, disobeying,<BR> Disloyal, breaks his <i>fealty</i>, and sins<BR> Against the high supremacy of heaven.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hom"age</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Homaged</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Homaging</u>.] [Cf. OF. <i>hommager</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To pay reverence to by external action.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To cause to pay homage.</def> [Obs.] <i>Cowley.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hom"age*a*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. OF. <i>hommageable</i>.] <def>Subject to homage.</def> <i>Howell.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hom"a*ger</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From <u>Homage</u>: cf. F. <i>hommager</i>.] <def>One who does homage, or holds land of another by homage; a vassal.</def> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hom`a*lo*graph"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Homolographic</u>.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Hom"a*loid</hw> (h&obreve;m"&adot;*loid), <hw>Hom`a*loid"al</hw> (-loid"<i>a</i>l), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>"omalo`s</grk> even + <i>-oid</i>.] <i>(Geom.)</i> <def>Flat; even; — a term applied to surfaces and to spaces, whether real or imagined, in which the definitions, axioms, and postulates of Euclid respecting parallel straight lines are assumed to hold true.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Hom"a*rus</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. <grk>"omarh`s</grk> well adjusted.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A genus of decapod Crustacea, including the common lobsters.</def> — <wf>Hom"a*roid</wf> (#), <pos><i>a.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Ho*mat"ro*pine</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Homo-</i> + <i>atropine</i>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>An alkaloid, prepared from atropine, and from other sources. It is chemically related to atropine, and is used for the same purpose.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hom`ax*o"ni*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Homo-</i> + <i>Gr</i>. <i>&?;</i> an axle, axis.] <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>Relating to that kind of homology or symmetry, the mathematical conception of organic form, in which all axes are equal. See under <u>Promorphology</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Home</hw> (h&omacr;m), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>See <u>Homelyn</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Home</hw> (110), [OE. <i>hom</i>, <i>ham</i>, AS. <i>h&amacr;m</i>; akin to OS. <i>h&emacr;m</i>, D. & G. <i>heim</i>, Sw. <i>hem</i>, Dan. <i>hiem</i>, Icel. <i>heimr</i> abode, world, <i>heima</i> home, Goth. <i>haims</i> village, Lith. <i>k&euml;mas</i>, and perh. to Gr. <grk>kw`mh</grk> village, or to E. <i>hind</i> a peasant; cf. Skr.<i>ksh&emacr;ma</i> abode, place of rest, security, <i>kshi</i> to dwell. &radic;20, 220.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One's own dwelling place; the house in which one lives; esp., the house in which one lives with his family; the habitual abode of one's family; also, one's birthplace.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The disciples went away again to their own <i>home</i>.</blockquote> <i>John xx. 10.</i></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Home</i> is the sacred refuge of our life.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Home</i>! <i>home</i>! sweet, sweet <i>home</i>!<BR> There's no place like <i>home</i>.</blockquote> <i>Payne.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>One's native land; the place or country in which one dwells; the place where one's ancestors dwell or dwelt.</def> "Our old <i>home</i> [England]." <i>Hawthorne.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>The abiding place of the affections, especially of the domestic affections.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He entered in his house — his <i>home</i> no more,<BR> For without hearts there is no <i>home</i>.</blockquote> <i>Byron.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>The locality where a thing is usually found, or was first found, or where it is naturally abundant; habitat; seat; as, the <i>home</i> of the pine.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Her eyes are <i>homes</i> of silent prayer.</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Flandria, by plenty made the <i>home</i> of war.</blockquote> <i>Prior.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>A place of refuge and rest; an asylum; as, a <i>home</i> for outcasts; a <i>home</i> for the blind; hence, esp., the grave; the final rest; also, the native and eternal dwelling place of the soul.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Man goeth to his long <i>home</i>, and the mourners go about the streets.</blockquote> <i>Eccl. xii. 5.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <i>(Baseball)</i> <def>The home base; he started for <i>home</i>.</def></p>

<p><col><b>At home</b></col>.<sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>At one's own house, or lodgings.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>In one's own town or country; as, peace abroad and <i>at home</i>.</cd> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <cd>Prepared to receive callers.</cd> — <col><b>Home department</b></col>, <cd>the department of executive administration, by which the internal affairs of a country are managed.</cd> [Eng.] <col><b>To be at home on any subject</b></col>, <cd>to be conversant or familiar with it.</cd> — <col><b>To feel at home</b></col>, <cd>to be at one's ease.</cd> — <col><b>To make one's self at home</b></col>, <cd>to conduct one's self with as much freedom as if at home.</cd></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Tenement; house; dwelling; abode; domicile.</p>

<p><hw>Home</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Of or pertaining to one's dwelling or country; domestic; not foreign; as <i>home</i> manufactures; <i>home</i> comforts.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Close; personal; pointed; as, a <i>home</i> thrust.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Home base</b></col> <i>(Baseball)</i>, <cd>the base at which the batsman stands and which is the last goal in making a run.</cd> — <col><b>Home farm</b></col>, <col><b>grounds</b></col>, etc., <cd>the farm, grounds, etc., adjacent to the residence of the owner.</cd> — <col><b>Home lot</b></col>, <cd>an inclosed plot on which the owner's home stands.</cd> [U. S.] — <col><b>Home rule</b></col>, <cd>rule or government of an appendent or dependent country, as to all local and internal legislation, by means of a governing power vested in the people within the country itself, in contradistinction to a government established by the dominant country; as, <i>home rule</i> in Ireland. Also used adjectively; as, <i>home-rule</i> members of Parliament.</cd> — <col><b>Home ruler</b></col>, <cd>one who favors or advocates home rule.</cd> — <col><b>Home run</b></col> <i>(Baseball)</i>, <cd>a complete circuit of the bases made before the batted ball is returned to the home base.</cd> — <col><b>Home stretch</b></col> <i>(Sport.)</i>, <cd>that part of a race course between the last curve and the winning post.</cd> — <col><b>Home thrust</b></col>, <cd>a well directed or effective thrust; one that wounds in a vital part; hence, in controversy, a personal attack.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Home</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To one's home or country; as in the phrases, go <i>home</i>, come <i>home</i>, carry <i>home</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Close; closely.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>How <i>home</i> the charge reaches us, has been made out.</blockquote> <i>South.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>They come <i>home</i> to men's business and bosoms.</blockquote> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To the place where it belongs; to the end of a course; to the full length; as, to drive a nail <i>home</i>; to ram a cartridge <i>home</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Wear thy good rapier bare and put it <i>home</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p>&fist; <i>Home</i> is often used in the formation of compound words, many of which need no special definition; as, <i>home</i>- brewed, <i>home</i>-built, <i>home-grown</i>, <i>etc.</i></p>

<p><col><b>To bring home</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Bring</u>.</cd> — <col><b>To come home</b></col>.<sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>To touch or affect personally. See under <u>Come</u>.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <i>(Naut.)</i> <cd>To drag toward the vessel, instead of holding firm, as the cable is shortened; — said of an anchor.</cd> — <col><b>To haul home the sheets of a sail</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>to haul the clews close to the sheave hole.</cd> <i>Totten.</i></p>

<p><hw>Home"born`</hw> (h&omacr;m"b&ocirc;rn`), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Native; indigenous; not foreign.</def> <i>Donne.</i> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Of or pertaining to the home or family.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Fireside enjoyments, <i>homeborn</i> happiness.</blockquote> <i>Cowper.</i></p>

<p><hw>Home"-bound`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Kept at home.</def></p>

<p><hw>Home"-bred`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Bred at home; domestic; not foreign.</def> " <i>Home-bred</i> mischief." <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Benignity and <i>home-bred</i> sense.</blockquote> <i>Wordsworth.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Not polished; rude; uncultivated.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Only to me <i>home-bred</i> youths belong.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Home"-com`ing</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Return home.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Kepeth this child, al be it foul or fayr,<BR> And eek my wyf, unto myn <i>hoom-cominge</i>.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Home"-driv`en</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Driven to the end, as a nail; driven close.</def></p>

<p><hw>Home"-dwell`ing</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Keeping at home.</def></p>

<p><hw>Home"-felt`</hw> (-f&ebreve;lt`), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Felt in one's own breast; inward; private.</def> "<i>Home- felt</i> quiet." <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><hw>Home"field`</hw> (-f&emacr;ld`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A field adjacent to its owner's home.</def> <i>Hawthorne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Home"-keep`ing</hw> (-k&emacr;p`&ibreve;ng), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Staying at home; not gadding.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Home-keeping</i> youth have ever homely wits.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Home"-keep`ing</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A staying at home.</def></p>

<p><hw>Home"less</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [AS. <i>h&amacr;mleas</i>.] <def>Destitute of a home.</def></p>

<p>— <wf>Home"less*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Home"like`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Like a home; comfortable; cheerful; cozy; friendly.</def></p>

<p><hw>Home"li*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>Plainly; inelegantly.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Home"li*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From <u>Homely</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Domesticity; care of home.</def> [Obs.] "Wifely <i>homeliness</i>." <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Familiarity; intimacy.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Plainness; want of elegance or beauty.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Coarseness; simplicity; want of refinement; as, the <i>homeliness</i> of manners, or language.</def> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><hw>Home"ling</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A person or thing belonging to a home or to a particular country; a native; as, a word which is a <i>homeling</i>.</def> <i>Trench.</i></p>

<p><hw>Home"ly</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<pos><i>Compar.</i></pos> <u>Homelier</u> (?); <pos><i>superl.</i></pos> <u>Homeliest</u>.] [From <u>Home</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Belonging to, or having the characteristics of, home; domestic; familiar; intimate.</def> [Archaic]</p>

<p><blockquote>With all these men I was right <i>homely</i>, and communed with, them long and oft.</blockquote> <i>Foxe.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Their <i>homely</i> joys, and destiny obscure.</blockquote> <i>Gray.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Plain; unpretending; rude in appearance; unpolished; as, a <i>homely</i> garment; a <i>homely</i> house; <i>homely</i> fare; <i>homely</i> manners.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Now Strephon daily entertains<BR> His Chloe in the <i>homeliest</i> strains.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Of plain or coarse features; uncomely; — contrary to <i>handsome</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>None so <i>homely</i> but loves a looking- glass.</blockquote> <i>South.</i></p>

<p><hw>Home"ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>Plainly; rudely; coarsely; as, <i>homely</i> dressed.</def> [R.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Home"lyn</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Scot. <i>hommelin</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l)</i> <def>The European sand ray (<i>Raia maculata</i>); — called also <i>home</i>, <i>mirror ray</i>, and <i>rough ray</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Home"made`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Made at home; of domestic manufacture; made either in a private family or in one's own country.</def> <i>Locke.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ho"me*o*path</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>hom</i>&eacute;<i>opathe</i>.] <def>A practitioner of homeopathy.</def> [Written also <i>hom&oelig;opath</i>.]</p>

<p><! p. 701 !></p>

<p><hw>Ho`me*o*path"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>hom&eacute;opathique</i>.] <def>Of or pertaining to homeopathy; according to the principles of homeopathy.</def> [Also <i>hom&oelig;pathic</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Ho`me*o*path"ic*al*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>According to the practice of homeopathy.</def> [Also <i>hom&oelig;opathically</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Ho`me*op"a*thist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A believer in, or practitioner of, homeopathy.</def> [Written also <i>hom&oelig;opathist</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Ho*me*op"a*thy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; likeness of condition or feeling; &?; like (fr. &?; same; cf. <u>Same</u>) + &?; to suffer: cf. F. <i>hom&eacute;opathie</i>. See <u>Pathos</u>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>The art of curing, founded on resemblances; the theory and its practice that disease is cured (<i>tuto</i>, <i>cito</i>, <i>et jucunde</i>) by remedies which produce on a healthy person effects similar to the symptoms of the complaint under which the patient suffers, the remedies being usually administered in minute doses. This system was founded by Dr. Samuel Hahnemann, and is opposed to <i>allopathy</i>, or <i>heteropathy</i>.</def> [Written also <i>hom&oelig;opathy</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Hom"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A carrier pigeon remarkable for its ability to return home from a distance.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ho"mer</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>See <u>Hoemother</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ho"mer</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Heb. <i>kh&omacr;mer</i>.] <def>A Hebrew measure containing, as a liquid measure, ten baths, equivalent to fifty-five gallons, two quarts, one pint; and, as a dry measure, ten ephahs, equivalent to six bushels, two pecks, four quarts.</def> [Written also <i>chomer</i>, <i>gomer</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Ho*mer"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>Homericus</i>, Gr. <grk>"Omhriko`s</grk>.] <def>Of or pertaining to Homer, the most famous of Greek poets; resembling the poetry of Homer.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Homeric verse</b></col>, <cd>hexameter verse; — so called because used by Homer in his epics.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Home"sick`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pining for home; in a nostalgic condition.</def> — <wf>Home"sick`ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Home"-speak`ing</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Direct, forcible, and effective speaking.</def> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Home"spun</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Spun or wrought at home; of domestic manufacture; coarse; plain.</def> "<i>Homespun</i> country garbs." <i>W. Irving.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Plain in manner or style; not elegant; rude; coarse.</def> "Our <i>homespun</i> English proverb." <i>Dryden.</i> "Our <i>homespun</i> authors." <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><hw>Home"spun</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Cloth made at home; as, he was dressed in <i>homespun</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>An unpolished, rustic person.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Home"stall`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>h&amacr;msteall</i>.] <def>Place of a home; homestead.</def> <i>Cowper.</i></p>

<p><hw>Home"stead</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>h&amacr;mstede</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The home place; a home and the inclosure or ground immediately connected with it.</def> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The home or seat of a family; place of origin.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>We can trace them back to a <i>homestead</i> on the Rivers Volga and Ural.</blockquote> <i>W. Tooke.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Law)</i> <def>The home and appurtenant land and buildings owned by the head of a family, and occupied by him and his family.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Homestead law</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>A law conferring special privileges or exemptions upon owners of homesteads; esp., a law exempting a homestead from attachment or sale under execution for general debts. Such laws, with limitations as to the extent or value of the property, exist in most of the States. Called also <i>homestead exemption law</i>.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>Also, a designation of an Act of Congress authorizing and regulating the sale of public lands, in parcels of 160 acres each, to actual settlers.</cd> [U.S.]</p>

<p><hw>Home"stead*er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who has entered upon a portion of the public land with the purpose of acquiring ownership of it under provisions of the homestead law, so called; one who has acquired a homestead in this manner.</def> [Local, U.S.]</p>

<p><hw>Home"ward</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Being in the direction of home; as, the <i>homeward</i> way.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Home"ward</hw> (?), <hw>Home"wards</hw> (?), } <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> [AS. <i>h&amacr;mweard</i>.] <def>Toward home; in the direction of one's house, town, or country.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Homeward bound</b></col>, <cd>bound for home; going homeward; as, the <i>homeward bound</i> fleet.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Hom"i*ci`dal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pertaining to homicide; tending to homicide; murderous.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hom"i*cide</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., fr. L. <i>homicidium</i>, fr. <i>homicida</i> a man slayer; <i>homo</i> man + <i>caedere</i> to cut, kill. See <u>Homage</u>, and cf. <u>Concise</u>, <u>Shed</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The killing of one human being by another.</def></p>

<p>&fist; <i>Homicide</i> is of three kinds: <i>justifiable</i>, as when the killing is performed in the exercise of a right or performance of a duty; <i>excusable</i>, as when done, although not as duty or right, yet without culpable or criminal intent; and <i>felonious</i>, or involving what the law terms malice; the latter may be either manslaughter or murder. <i>Bouvier.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>One who kills another; a manslayer.</def> <i>Chaucer. Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hom"i*form</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>homo</i> man + <i>-form</i>.] <def>In human form.</def> [Obs.] <i>Cudworth.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hom"i*lete</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A homilist.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Hom`i*let"ic</hw> (?), <hw>Hom`i*let"ic*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;: cf. F. <i>homil&eacute;tique</i>. See <u>Homily</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Of or pertaining to familiar intercourse; social; affable; conversable; companionable.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>His virtues active, chiefly, and <i>homiletical</i>, not those lazy, sullen ones of the cloister.</blockquote> <i>Atterbury.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Of or pertaining to homiletics; hortatory.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hom`i*let"ics</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>homil&eacute;tique</i>.] <def>The art of preaching; that branch of theology which treats of homilies or sermons, and the best method of preparing and delivering them.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hom"i*list</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who prepares homilies; one who preaches to a congregation.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hom"i*lite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From Gr. &?; to be in company with.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>A borosilicate of iron and lime, near datolite in form and composition.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hom"i*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Homilies</b></plw> (#). [LL. <i>homilia</i>, Gr. &?; communion, assembly, converse, sermon, fr. &?; an assembly, fr. &?; same; cf. &?; together, and &?; crowd, cf. &?; to press: cf. F. <i>hom&eacute;lie</i>. See <u>Same</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A discourse or sermon read or pronounced to an audience; a serious discourse.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A serious or tedious exhortation in private on some moral point, or on the conduct of life.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>As I have heard my father<BR> Deal out in his long <i>homilies</i>.</blockquote> <i>Byron.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Book of Homilies</b></col>. <cd>A collection of authorized, printed sermons, to be read by ministers in churches, esp. one issued in the time of Edward VI., and a second, issued in the reign of Elizabeth; — both books being certified to contain a "godly and wholesome doctrine."</cd></p>

<p><hw>Hom"ing</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Home-returning; — used specifically of carrier pigeons.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hom"i*ny</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From North American Indian <i>auh&uacute;minea</i> parched corn.] <def>Maize hulled and broken, and prepared for food by being boiled in water.</def> [U.S.] [Written also <i>homony</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Hom"ish</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Like a home or a home circle.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Quiet, cheerful, <i>homish</i> hospital life.</blockquote> <i>E. E. Hale.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hom"mock</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A small eminence of a conical form, of land or of ice; a knoll; a hillock. See <u>Hummock</u>.</def> <i>Bartram.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hom"mock*y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Filled with hommocks; piled in the form of hommocks; — said of ice.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ho"mo-</hw> (?). <def>A combining form from Gr. <grk>"omo`s</grk>, <i>one and the same</i>, <i>common</i>, <i>joint</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ho`mo*cat`e*gor"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Homo- </i> + <i>categoric</i>.] <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>Belonging to the same category of individuality; — a morphological term applied to organisms so related.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ho`mo*cen"tric</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;: &?; the same + &?; center: cf. F. <i>homocentrique</i>.] <def>Having the same center.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ho`mo*cer"cal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Homo-</i> + Gr. &?; tail.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Having the tail nearly or quite symmetrical, the vertebral column terminating near its base; — opposed to <i>heterocercal</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ho"mo*cer`cy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The possession of a homocercal tail.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ho`mo*cer`e*brin</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Homo-</i> + <i>rebrin</i>.] <i>(Physiol. Chem.)</i> <def>A body similar to, or identical with, cerebrin.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ho`mo*chro"mous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Homo-</i> + Gr. &?; color.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Having all the florets in the same flower head of the same color.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ho`mo*dem"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Homo-</i> + 1st <i>deme</i>, 2.] <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>A morphological term signifying development, in the case of multicellular organisms, from the same unit deme or unit of the inferior orders of individuality.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ho`mo*der"mic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>Relating to homodermy; originating from the same germ layer.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ho"mo*der`my</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Homo-</i> + <i>-derm</i>.] <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>Homology of the germinal layers.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hom"o*dont</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Homo-</i> + Gr. &?;, &?;, a tooth.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Having all the teeth similar in front, as in the porpoises; — opposed to <i>heterodont</i>.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Ho*mod"ro*mal</hw> (?), <hw>Ho*mod"ro*mous</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Homo-</i> + Gr. &?; a course, running.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Running in the same direction; — said of stems twining round a support, or of the spiral succession of leaves on stems and their branches.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Mech.)</i> <def>Moving in the same direction; — said of a lever or pulley in which the resistance and the actuating force are both on the same side of the fulcrum or axis.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ho`mo*dy*nam"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Homodynamous.</def> <i>Quain.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ho`mo*dy"na*mous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>Pertaining to, or involving, homodynamy; as, successive or <i>homodynamous</i> parts in plants and animals.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ho`mo*dy"na*my</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; of like power; &?; the same + &?; power.] <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>The homology of metameres. See <u>Metamere</u>.</def> <i>Gegenbaur.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Ho`m&oelig;*o*me"ri*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., from Gr. &?;; &?; like + &?; part.] <def>The state or quality of being homogeneous in elements or first principles; likeness or identity of parts.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Ho`m&oelig;*o*mer"ic</hw> (?), <hw>Ho`m&oelig;*o*mer"ic*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pertaining to, or characterized by, sameness of parts; receiving or advocating the doctrine of homogeneity of elements or first principles.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ho`m&oelig;*om"er*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Having the main artery of the leg parallel with the sciatic nerve; — said of certain birds.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ho`m&oelig;*om"e*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; like + <i>-metry</i>.] <def>Same as <u>Hom&oelig;omeria</u>.</def> [Obs.] <i>Cudworth.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ho`m&oelig;*o*mor"phism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Hom&oelig;omorphous</u>.] <def>A near similarity of crystalline forms between unlike chemical compounds. See <u>Isomorphism</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ho`m&oelig;*o*mor"phous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; of like form; &?; like + &?; form.] <def>Manifesting hom&oelig;omorphism.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ho`m&oelig;*o*path"ic</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>, <hw>Ho`m&oelig;*op"a*thist</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, <hw>Ho`m&oelig;*op"a*thy</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Homeopathic</u>, <u>Homeopathist</u>, <u>Homeopathy</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ho`m&oelig;*o*ther"mal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Homoiothermal</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ho`m&oelig;*o*zo"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; like + &?; life.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Pertaining to, or including, similar forms or kinds of life; as, <i>hom&oelig;ozoic</i> belts on the earth's surface.</def> <i>E. Forbes.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ho*mog"a*mous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; married together; &?; the same + &?; marriage.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Having all the flowers alike; — said of such composite plants as Eupatorium, and the thistels.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ho*mog"a*my</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The condition of being homogamous.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ho`mo*gan"gli*ate</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Homo-</i> + <i>gangliate</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Having the ganglia of the nervous system symmetrically arranged, as in certain invertebrates; — opposed to <i>heterogangliate</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ho"mo*gene</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>homog&egrave;ne</i>.] <def>Homogeneous.</def> [Obs.] <i>B. Jonson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ho`mo*ge"ne*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Homogeneous.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ho`mo*ge"ne*al*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Homogeneousness.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ho`mo*ge*ne"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>homog&eacute;n&eacute;it&eacute;</i>.] <def>Same as <u>Homogeneousness</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ho`mo*ge"ne*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;; &?; the same + &?; race, kind: cf. F. <i>homog&egrave;ne</i>. See <u>Same</u>, and <u>Kin</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Of the same kind of nature; consisting of similar parts, or of elements of the like nature; — opposed to <i>heterogeneous</i>; as, <i>homogeneous</i> particles, elements, or principles; <i>homogeneous</i> bodies.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Alg.)</i> <def>Possessing the same number of factors of a given kind; as, a <i>homogeneous</i> polynomial.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ho`mo*ge"ne*ous*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Sameness 9kind or nature; uniformity of structure or material.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ho`mo*gen"e*sis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Homo-</i> + <i>genesis</i>.] <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>That method of reproduction in which the successive generations are alike, the offspring, either animal or plant, running through the same cycle of existence as the parent; gamogenesis; — opposed to <i>heterogenesis</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ho`mo*ge*net"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>Homogenous; — applied to that class of homologies which arise from similarity of structure, and which are taken as evidences of common ancestry.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ho*mog"e*nous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>Having a resemblance in structure, due to descent from a common progenitor with subsequent modification; homogenetic; — applied both to animals and plants. See <u>Homoplastic</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ho*mog"e*ny</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;; &?; the same + &?; race, kind.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Joint nature.</def> [Obs.] <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>The correspondence of common descent; — a term used to supersede <i>homology</i> by Lankester, who also used <i>homoplasy</i> to denote any superinduced correspondence of position and structure in parts embryonically distinct (other writers using the term <i>homoplasmy</i>). Thus, there is <i>homogeny</i> between the fore limb of a mammal and the wing of a bird; but the right and left ventricles of the heart in both are only in <i>homoplasy</i> with each other, these having arisen independently since the divergence of both groups from a univentricular ancestor.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ho*mog"o*nous</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;. See <u>Homogeneous</u>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Having all the flowers of a plant alike in respect to the stamens and pistils.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ho*mog"o*ny</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The condition of having homogonous flowers.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hom"o*graph</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>"omo`grafos</grk> with the same letters; <grk>"omo`s</grk> the same + <grk>gra`fein</grk> to write.] <i>(Philol.)</i> <def>One of two or more words identical in orthography, but having different derivations and meanings; as, <i>fair</i>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, a market, and <i>fair</i>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>, beautiful.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ho`mo*graph"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Employing a single and separate character to represent each sound; — said of certain methods of spelling words.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Geom.)</i> <def>Possessing the property of homography.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ho*mog"ra*phy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>That method of spelling in which every sound is represented by a single character, which indicates that sound and no other.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Geom.)</i> <def>A relation between two figures, such that to any point of the one corresponds one and but one point in the other, and vise versa. Thus, a tangent line rolling on a circle cuts two fixed tangents of the circle in two sets of points that are homographic.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Ho*moi`op*to"ton</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?; in a like case; &?; like + &?; falling.] <i>(Rhet.)</i> <def>A figure in which the several parts of a sentence end with the same case, or inflection generally.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ho*moi`o*ther"mal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; like + E. <i>thermal</i>.] <i>(Physiol.)</i> <def>Maintaining a uniform temperature; h&aelig;matothermal; homothermic; — applied to warm- bodied animals, because they maintain a nearly uniform temperature in spite of the great variations in the surrounding air; in distinct from the cold-blooded (<i>poikilothermal</i>) animals, whose body temperature follows the variations in temperature of the surrounding medium.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ho`moi*ou"si*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;, &?;, of like substance; <grk>"o`moios</grk> + <grk>o'ysi`a</grk> the substance, being, essence.] <i>(Eccl. Hist.)</i> <def>One of the semi-Arians of the 4th century, who held that the Son was of like, but not the same, essence or substance with the Father; — opposed to <i>homoousian</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ho`moi*ou"si*an</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to Homoiousians, or their belief.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ho*mol"o*gate</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Homologated</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Homologating</u>.] [LL. <i>homologatus</i>, p. p. of <i>homologare</i> to homologate; Gr. &?; to assent, agree. See <u>Homologous</u>.] <i>(Civ. Law)</i> <def>To approve; to allow; to confirm; as, the court <i>homologates</i> a proceeding.</def> <i>Wheaton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ho*mol`o*ga"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>homologation</i>.] <i>(Civ. & Scots Law)</i> <def>Confirmation or ratification (as of something otherwise null and void), by a court or a grantor.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ho`mo*log"ic*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pertaining to homology; having a structural affinity proceeding from, or base upon, that kind of relation termed <i>homology</i>.</def> — <wf>Ho`mo*log"ic*al*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Ho*mol`o*gin"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Pertaining to, or characterized by, homology; as, <i>homologinic</i> qualities, or differences.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ho*mol"o*gize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>To determine the homologies or structural relations of.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Ho*mol"o*gon</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL.] <def>See <u>Homologue</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Hom`o*lo*gou"me*na</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?; things conceded, p. p. of &?; to agree, admit, concede. See <u>Homologous</u>.] <def>Those books of the New Testament which were acknowledged as canonical by the early church; — distinguished from <i>antilegomena</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ho*mol"o*gous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; assenting, agreeing; &?; the same + &?; speech, discourse, proportion, &?; to say, speak.] <def>Having the same relative position, proportion, value, or structure.</def> Especially: <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <i>(Geom.)</i> <def>Corresponding in relative position and proportion.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>In similar polygons, the corresponding sides, angles, diagonals, etc., are <i>homologous</i>.</blockquote> <i>Davies & Peck (Math. Dict.).</i></p>

<p><sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <i>(Alg.)</i> <def>Having the same relative proportion or value, as the two antecedents or the two consequents of a proportion.</def> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Characterized by homology; belonging to the same type or series; corresponding in composition and properties. See <u>Homology</u>, 3.</def> <sd><i>(d)</i></sd> <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>Being of the same typical structure; having like relations to a fundamental type to structure; as, those bones in the hand of man and the fore foot of a horse are <i>homologous</i> that correspond in their structural relations, that is, in their relations to the type structure of the fore limb in vertebrates.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Homologous stimulus</b></col>. <i>(Physiol.)</i> <cd>See under <u>Stimulus</u>.</cd></p>

<p><! p. 702 !></p>

<p><hw>Hom`o*lo*graph"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Homo-</i> + Gr. <grk>"o`los</grk> whole + <i>-graph</i> + <i>-ic</i>; but cf. F. <i>homalographique</i>, Gr. &?; even, level.] <def>Preserving the mutual relations of parts, especially as to size and form; maintaining relative proportion.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Homolographic projection</b></col>, <cd>a method of constructing geographical charts or maps, so that the surfaces, as delineated on a plane, have the same relative size as the real surfaces; that is, so that the relative actual areas of the different countries are accurately represented by the corresponding portions of the map.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Hom"o*logue</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>homologue</i>. See <u>Homologous</u>.] <def>That which is homologous to something else; as, the corresponding sides, etc., of similar polygons are the <i>homologues</i> of each other; the members or terms of an homologous series in chemistry are the <i>homologues</i> of each other; one of the bones in the hand of man is the <i>homologue</i> of that in the paddle of a whale.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ho*mol"o*gy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; agreement. See <u>Homologous</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The quality of being homologous; correspondence; relation; as, the <i>homology</i>of similar polygons.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>Correspondence or relation in type of structure in contradistinction to similarity of function; as, the relation in structure between the leg and arm of a man; or that between the arm of a man, the fore leg of a horse, the wing of a bird, and the fin of a fish, all these organs being modifications of one type of structure.</def></p>

<p>&fist; <i>Homology</i> indicates genetic relationship, and according to Haeckel special homology should be defined in terms of identity of embryonic origin. See <u>Homotypy</u>, and <u>Homogeny</u>.</p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>The correspondence or resemblance of substances belonging to the same type or series; a similarity of composition varying by a small, regular difference, and usually attended by a regular variation in physical properties; as, there is an <i>homology</i> between methane, CH<sub>4</sub>, ethane, C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub>, propane, C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>8</sub>, etc., all members of the paraffin series. In an extended sense, the term is applied to the relation between chemical elements of the same group; as, chlorine, bromine, and iodine are said to be in <i>homology</i> with each other. Cf. <u>Heterology</u>.</def></p>

<p><col><b>General homology</b></col> <i>(Biol.)</i>, <cd>the higher relation which a series of parts, or a single part, bears to the fundamental or general type on which the group is constituted.</cd> <i>Owen.</i> — <col><b>Serial homology</b></col> <i>(Biol.)</i>, <cd>representative or repetitive relation in the segments of the same organism, — as in the lobster, where the parts follow each other in a straight line or series.</cd> <i>Owen.</i> See <u>Homotypy</u>. — <col><b>Special homology</b></col> <i>(Biol.)</i>, <cd>the correspondence of a part or organ with those of a different animal, as determined by relative position and connection.</cd> <i>Owen.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ho*mom"al*lous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Homo-</i> + Gr. &?; a lock of wool.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Uniformly bending or curving to one side; — said of leaves which grow on several sides of a stem.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Ho`mo*mor"phic</hw> (?), <hw>Ho`mo*mor"phous</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; the same + &?; shape.] <def>Characterized by homomorphism.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ho`mo*mor"phism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Homomorphous</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Homomorphy</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The possession, in one species of plants, of only one kind of flowers; — opposed to <i>heteromorphism</i>, <i>dimorphism</i>, and <i>trimorphism</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The possession of but one kind of larv&aelig; or young, as in most insects.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ho"mo*mor`phy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Homo-</i> + Gr. &?; form.] <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>Similarity of form; resemblance in external characters, while widely different in fundamental structure; resemblance in geometric ground form. See <u>Homophyly</u>, <u>Promorphology</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ho*mon"o*mous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to homonomy.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ho*mon"o*my</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Homo-</i> + Gr. &?; law.] <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>The homology of parts arranged on transverse axes.</def> <i>Haeckel.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hom"o*nym</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>homonyme</i>. See <u>Homonymous</u>.] <def>A word having the same sound as another, but differing from it in meaning; as the noun <i>bear</i> and the verb <i>bear</i>.</def> [Written also <i>homonyme</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Ho*mon"y*mous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>homonymus</i>, Gr. &?;; &?; the same + &?;, for &?; name; akin to E. <i>name</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Having the same name or designation; standing in the same relation; — opposed to <i>heteronymous</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Having the same name or designation, but different meaning or relation; hence, equivocal; ambiguous.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ho*mon"y*mous*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>In an homonymous manner; so as to have the same name or relation.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Equivocally; ambiguously.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ho*mon"y*my</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;: cf. F. <i>homonymie</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Sameness of name or designation; identity in relations.</def> <i>Holland.</i></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Homonymy</i> may be as well in place as in persons.</blockquote> <i>Fuller.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Sameness of name or designation of things or persons which are different; ambiguity.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ho`mo*&ouml;r"gan</hw> (?). [<i>Homo-</i> + <i>organ</i>.] <def>Same as <u>Homoplast</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ho`mo*ou"si*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;; &?; the same + &?; being, essence, substance.] <i>(Eccl. Hist.)</i> <def>One of those, in the 4th century, who accepted the Nicene creed, and maintained that the Son had the same essence or substance with the Father; — opposed to <i>homoiousian</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ho`mo*ou"si*an</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to the Homoousians, or to the doctrines they held.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hom"o*phone</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>homophone</i>. See <u>Homophonous</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A letter or character which expresses a like sound with another.</def> <i>Gliddon.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A word having the same sound as another, but differing from it in meaning and usually in spelling; as, <i>all</i> and <i>awl</i>; <i>bare</i> and <i>bear</i>; <i>rite</i>, <i>write</i>, <i>right</i>, and <i>wright</i>.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Ho`mo*phon"ic</hw> (?), <hw>Ho*moph"o*nous</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;; &?; the same + &?; sound, tone: cf. F. <i>homophone</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Mus.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>Originally, sounding alike; of the same pitch; unisonous; monodic.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>Now used for plain harmony, note against note, as opposed to <i>polyphonic</i> harmony, in which the several parts move independently, each with its own melody.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Expressing the same sound by a different combination of letters; as, <i>bay</i> and <i>bey</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ho*moph"o*ny</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;: cf. F. <i>homophonie</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Sameness of sound.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Mus.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>Sameness of sound; unison.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>Plain harmony, as opposed to <i>polyphony</i>. See <u>Homophonous</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ho`mo*phyl"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>Relating to homophily.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ho*moph"y*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Homo-</i> + Gr. &?; a clan.] <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>That form of homology due to common ancestry (phylogenetic homology), in opposition to <i>homomorphy</i>, to which genealogic basis is wanting.</def> <i>Haeckel.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ho"mo*plas`my</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Homo-</i> + Gr. &?; anything formed, fr. &?; to form, mold.] <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>Resemblance between different plants or animals, in external shape, in general habit, or in organs, which is not due to descent from a common ancestor, but to similar surrounding circumstances.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hom"o*plast</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>One of the plastids composing the <i>idorgan</i> of Haeckel; — also called <i>homo&ouml;rgan</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ho`mo*plas"tic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Homo-</i> + <i>plastic</i>.] <def>Of or pertaining to homoplasty; as, <i>homoplastic</i>organs; <i>homoplastic</i> forms.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ho"mo*plas`ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Homo-</i> + <i>plasty</i>.] <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>The formation of homologous tissues.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ho*mop"la*sy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Homo-</i> + Gr. &?; to form, mold.] <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>See <u>Homogeny</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ho`mo*pol"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Homo-</i> + <i>pole</i>.] <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>In promorphology, pertaining to or exhibiting that kind of organic form, in which the stereometric ground form is a pyramid, with <i>similar poles</i>. See <u>Promorphology</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ho*mop"ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of the Homoptera.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Ho*mop"te*ra</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?; the same, like + &?; wing.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A suborder of Hemiptera, in which both pairs of wings are similar in texture, and do not overlap when folded, as in the cicada. See <u>Hemiptera</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ho*mop"ter*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>An homopter.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ho*mop"ter*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to the Homoptera.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ho"mo*styled</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Homo-</i> + <i>style</i>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Having only one form of pistils; — said of the flowers of some plants.</def> <i>Darwin.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ho`mo*sys*tem"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Homo-</i> + <i>systemic</i>.] <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>Developing, in the case of multicellular organisms, from the same embryonic systems into which the secondary unit (gastrula or plant enbryo) differentiates.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Ho`mo*tax"i*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL.] <def>Same as <u>Homotaxis</u>.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Ho`mo*tax"i*al</hw> (?), <hw>Ho`mo*tax"ic</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>Relating to homotaxis.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Ho`mo*tax"is</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?; the same + &?; arrangement.] <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>Similarly in arrangement of parts; — the opposite of <i>heterotaxy</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ho"mo*tax`y</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Homotaxis</u>.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Ho`mo*ther"mic</hw> (?), <hw>Ho`mo*ther"mous</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Homo-</i> + Gr. &?; heat.] <i>(Physiol.)</i> <def>Warm-blooded; homoiothermal; h&aelig;matothermal.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ho*mot"o*nous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>homotonus</i>, Gr. &?;; &?; the same + &?; tone.] <def>Of the same tenor or tone; equable; without variation.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Ho*mot"ro*pal</hw> (?), <hw>Ho*mot"ro*pous</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;; &?; the same + &?; turn, fr. &?; to turn: cf. F. <i>homotrope</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Turned in the same direction with something else.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Having the radicle of the seed directed towards the hilum.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ho"mo*ty`pal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>Of the same type of structure; pertaining to a homotype; as, <i>homotypal</i> parts.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hom"o*type</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Homo-</i> + <i>- type</i>.] <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>That which has the same fundamental type of structure with something else; thus, the right arm is the <i>homotype</i> of the right leg; one arm is the <i>homotype</i> of the other, etc.</def> <i>Owen.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Ho`mo*typ"ic</hw> (?), <hw>Ho`mo*typ"ic*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Homotypal</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ho"mo*ty`py</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Homotype</u>.] <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>A term suggested by Haeckel to be instead of <i>serial homology</i>. See <u>Homotype</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Ho*mun"cu*lus</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Homunculi</b></plw> (#). [L., dim. of <i>homo</i> man.] <def>A little man; a dwarf; a manikin.</def> <i>Sterne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hond</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Hand.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hone</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [Etymology uncertain. &radic;37.] <def>To pine; to lament; to long.</def> <i>Lamb.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hone</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. Icel. <i>h&umacr;n</i> a knob.] <def>A kind of swelling in the cheek.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hone</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>h&amacr;n</i>; akin to Icel. <i>hein</i>, OSw. <i>hen</i>; cf. Skr. <i>&ccedil;&amacr;&nsdot;a</i>, also <i>&ccedil;&omacr;</i>, <i>&ccedil;i</i>, to sharpen, and E. <i>cone</i>. &radic;38, 228.] <def>A stone of a fine grit, or a slab, as of metal, covered with an abrading substance or powder, used for sharpening cutting instruments, and especially for setting razors; an oilstone.</def> <i>Tusser.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Hone slate</b></col><cd>See <u>Polishing slate</u>.</cd> - - <col><b>Hone stone</b></col>, <cd>one of several kinds of stone used for hones. See <u>Novaculite</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Hone</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Honed</u> (h&omacr;nd); <pos><i>p]. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Honing</u>.] <def>To sharpen on, or with, a hone; to rub on a hone in order to sharpen; as, to <i>hone</i> a razor.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hon"est</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [OE. <i>honest</i>, <i>onest</i>, OF. <i>honeste</i>, <i>oneste</i>, F. <i>honn&ecirc;te</i>, L. <i>honestus</i>, fr. <i>honos</i>, <i>honor</i>, honor. See <u>Honor</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Decent; honorable; suitable; becoming.</def> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Belong what <i>honest</i> clothes you send forth to bleaching!</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Characterized by integrity or fairness and straight&?;forwardness in conduct, thought, speech, etc.; upright; just; equitable; trustworthy; truthful; sincere; free from fraud, guile, or duplicity; not false; — said of persons and acts, and of things to which a moral quality is imputed; as, an <i>honest</i> judge or merchant; an <i>honest</i> statement; an <i>honest</i> bargain; an <i>honest</i> business; an <i>honest</i> book; an <i>honest</i> confession.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>An <i>honest</i> man's the noblest work of God.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>An <i>honest</i> physician leaves his patient when he can contribute no farther to his health.</blockquote> <i>Sir W. Temple.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Look ye out among you seven men of <i>honest</i> report.</blockquote> <i>Acts vi. 3.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Provide things <i>honest</i> in the sight of all men.</blockquote> <i>Rom. xii. 17.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Open; frank; as, an <i>honest</i> countenance.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Chaste; faithful; virtuous.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Wives may be merry, and yet <i>honest</i> too.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Upright; ingenuous; honorable; trusty; faithful; equitable; fair; just; rightful; sincere; frank; candid; genuine.</p>

<p><hw>Hon"est</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [L. <i>honestare</i> to clothe or adorn with honor: cf. F. <i>honester</i>. See <u>Honest</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <def>To adorn; to grace; to honor; to make becoming, appropriate, or honorable.</def> [Obs.] <i>Abp. Sandys.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hon`es*ta"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The act of honesting; grace; adornment.</def> [Obs.] <i>W. Montagu.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ho*nes"te*tee</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Honesty; honorableness.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hon"est*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Honorably; becomingly; decently.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>In an honest manner; as, a contract <i>honestly</i> made; to live <i>honestly</i>; to speak <i>honestly</i>.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><col><b>To come honestly by</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>To get honestly.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>A circumlocution for <i>to inherit</i>; as, <i>to come honestly by</i> a feature, a mental trait, a peculiarity.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Hon"es*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>honeste</i>, <i>oneste</i>, honor, OF. <i>honest&eacute;</i>, <i>onest&eacute;</i> (cf. F. <i>honn&ecirc;tet&eacute;</i>), L. <i>honestas</i>. See <u>Honest</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Honor; honorableness; dignity; propriety; suitableness; decency.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>She derives her <i>honesty</i> and achieves her goodness.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The quality or state of being honest; probity; fairness and straightforwardness of conduct, speech, etc.; integrity; sincerity; truthfulness; freedom from fraud or guile.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>That we may lead a quiet and peaceable life in all godliness and <i>honesty</i>.</blockquote> <i>1 Tim. ii. 2.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Chastity; modesty.</def> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>To lay . . . siege to the <i>honesty</i> of this Ford's wife.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Satin flower; the name of two cruciferous herbs having large flat pods, the round shining partitions of which are more beautiful than the blossom; — called also <i>lunary</i> and <i>moonwort</i>. <i>Lunaria biennis</i> is common honesty; <i>L. rediva</i> is perennial honesty.</def></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Integrity; probity; uprightness; trustiness; faithfulness; honor; justice; equity; fairness; candor; plain- dealing; veracity; sincerity.</p>

<p><hw>Hone"wort`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>An umbelliferous plant of the genus <i>Sison</i> (<i>S. Amomum</i>); — so called because used to cure a swelling called a <i>hone</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hon"ey</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>honi</i>, <i>huni</i>, AS. <i>hunig</i>; akin to OS. <i>honeg</i>, D. & G. <i>honig</i>, OHG. <i>honag</i>, <i>honang</i>, Icel. <i>hunang</i>, Sw. <i>h&aring;ning</i>, Dan. <i>honning</i>, cf. Gr. &?; dust, Skr. <i>kaa</i> grain.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A sweet viscid fluid, esp. that collected by bees from flowers of plants, and deposited in the cells of the honeycomb.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>That which is sweet or pleasant, like honey.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>honey</i> of his language.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Sweet one; — a term of endearment.</def> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Honey</i>, you shall be well desired in Cyprus.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p>&fist; <i>Honey</i> is often used adjectively or as the first part of compound; as, <i>honey</i>dew or <i>honey</i> dew; <i>honey</i> guide or <i>honey</i>guide; <i>honey</i> locust or <i>honey</i>- locust.</p>

<p><col><b>Honey ant</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a small ant (<i>Myrmecocystus melliger</i>), found in the Southwestern United States, and in Mexico, living in subterranean formicares. There are larger and smaller ordinary workers, and others, which serve as receptacles or cells for the storage of honey, their abdomens becoming distended to the size of a currant. These, in times of scarcity, regurgitate the honey and feed the rest.</cd> — <col><b>Honey badger</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the ratel.</cd> — <col><b>Honey bear</b></col>. <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <cd>See <u>Kinkajou</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Honey buzzard</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a bird related to the kites, of the genus <i>Pernis</i>. The European species is <i>P. apivorus</i>; the Indian or crested honey buzzard is <i>P. ptilorhyncha</i>. They feed upon honey and the larv&aelig; of bees. Called also <i>bee hawk</i>, <i>bee kite</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Honey creeper</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>one of numerous species of small, bright, colored, passerine birds of the family <i>C&oelig;rebid&aelig;</i>, abundant in Central and South America.</cd> — <col><b>Honey eater</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>one of numerous species of small passerine birds of the family <i>Meliphagid&aelig;</i>, abundant in Australia and Oceania; — called also <i>honeysucker</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Honey flower</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>an evergreen shrub of the genus <i>Melianthus</i>, a native of the Cape of Good Hope. The flowers yield much honey.</cd> — <col><b>Honey guide</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>one of several species of small birds of the family <i>Indicatorid&aelig;</i>, inhabiting Africa and the East Indies. They have the habit of leading persons to the nests to wild bees. Called also <i>honeybird</i>, and <i>indicator</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Honey harvest</b></col>, <cd>the gathering of honey from hives, or the honey which is gathered.</cd> <i>Dryden.</i> — <col><b>Honey kite</b></col>. <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <cd>See <i>Honey buzzard</i> (above).</cd> — <col><b>Honey locust</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>a North American tree (<i>Gleditschia triacanthos</i>), armed with thorns, and having long pods with a sweet pulp between the seeds.</cd> — <col><b>Honey month</b></col>. <cd>Same as <u>Honeymoon</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Honey weasel</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the ratel.</cd></p>

<p><! p. 703 !></p>

<p><hw>Hon"ey</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Honeyed</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Honeying</u>.] <def>To be gentle, agreeable, or coaxing; to talk fondly; to use endearments; also, to be or become obsequiously courteous or complimentary; to fawn.</def> "<i>Honeying</i> and making love." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Rough to common men,<BR> But <i>honey</i> at the whisper of a lord.</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hon"ey</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To make agreeable; to cover or sweeten with, or as with, honey.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Canst thou not <i>honey</i> me with fluent speech?</blockquote> <i>Marston.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hon"ey-bag`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The receptacle for honey in a honeybee.</def> <i>Shak. Grew.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hon"ey*bee`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any bee of the genus <i>Apis</i>, which lives in communities and collects honey, esp. the common domesticated hive bee (<i>Apis mellifica</i>), the Italian bee (<i>A. ligustica</i>), and the Arabiab bee (<i>A. fasciata</i>). The two latter are by many entomologists considered only varieties of the common hive bee. Each swarm of bees consists of a large number of workers (barren females), with, ordinarily, one queen or fertile female, but in the swarming season several young queens, and a number of males or drones, are produced.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hon"ey*bird`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The honey guide.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hon"ey*comb`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>hunigcamb</i>. See <u>Honey</u>, and 1st <u>Comb</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A mass of hexagonal waxen cells, formed by bees, and used by them to hold their honey and their eggs.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Any substance, as a easting of iron, a piece of worm-eaten wood, or of triple, etc., perforated with cells like a honeycomb.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Honeycomb moth</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the wax moth.</cd> — <col><b>Honeycomb stomach</b></col>. <i>(Anat.)</i> <cd>See <u>Reticulum</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Hon"ey*combed`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Formed or perforated like a honeycomb.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Each bastion was <i>honeycombed</i> with casements.</blockquote> <i>Motley.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hon"ey*dew`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A sweet, saccharine substance, found on the leaves of trees and other plants in small drops, like dew. Two substances have been called by this name; one exuded from the plants, and the other secreted by certain insects, esp. aphids.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A kind of tobacco moistened with molasses.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hon"eyed</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Covered with honey.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Sweet, as, <i>honeyed</i> words.</def> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hon"ey*less</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Destitute of honey.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hon"ey*moon`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The first month after marriage.</def> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hon"ey-mouthed`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Soft to sweet in speech; persuasive.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hon"ey*stone`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Mellite</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hon"ey*suck`er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>See <i>Honey eater</i>, under <u>Honey</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hon"ey*suc`kle</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. AS. <i>hunis&?;ge</i> privet. See <u>Honey</u>, and <u>Suck</u>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>One of several species of flowering plants, much admired for their beauty, and some for their fragrance.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The honeysuckles are properly species of the genus <i>Lonicera</i>; as, <i>L. Caprifolium</i>, and <i>L. Japonica</i>, the commonly cultivated fragrant kinds; <i>L. Periclymenum</i>, the fragrant woodbine of England; <i>L. grata</i>, the American woodbine, and <i>L. sempervirens</i>, the red-flowered trumpet honeysuckle. The European fly honeysuckle is <i>L. Xylosteum</i>; the American, <i>L. ciliata</i>. The American Pinxter flower (<i>Azalea nudiflora</i>) is often called <i>honeysuckle</i>, or <i>false honeysuckle</i>. The name <i>Australian honeysuckle</i> is applied to one or more trees of the genus <i>Banksia</i>. See <i>French honeysuckle</i>, under <u>French</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Hon"ey*suc`kled</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Covered with honeysuckles.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hon"ey-sweet`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Sweet as honey.</def> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hon"ey-tongued`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Sweet speaking; persuasive; seductive.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hon"ey*ware`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>See <u>Badderlocks</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hon"ey*wort`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A European plant of the genus <i>Cerinthe</i>, whose flowers are very attractive to bees.</def> <i>Loudon.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hong</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Chinese <i>hang</i>, Canton dialect <i>hong</i>, a mercantile house, factory.] <def>A mercantile establishment or factory for foreign trade in China, as formerly at Canton; a succession of offices connected by a common passage and used for business or storage.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Hong merchant</b></col>, <cd>one of the few Chinese merchants who, previous to the treaty of 1842, formed a guild which had the exclusive privilege of trading with foreigners.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Hong</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t. & i.</i></pos> <def>To hang.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hon"ied</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Honeyed</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hon"i*ton lace`</hw> (?). <def>A kind of pillow lace, remarkable for the beauty of its figures; — so called because chiefly made in <i>Honiton</i>, England.</def></p>

<p><hw>Honk</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Of imitative origin.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The cry of a wild goose.</def> — <wf>Honk"ing</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Hon"or</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>honor</i>, <i>honour</i>, <i>onour</i>, <i>onur</i>, OF. <i>honor</i>, <i>onor</i>, <i>honur</i>, <i>onur</i>, <i>honour</i>, <i>onour</i>, F. <i>honneur</i>, fr. L. <i>honor</i>, <i>honos</i>.] [Written also <i>honour</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Esteem due or paid to worth; high estimation; respect; consideration; reverence; veneration; manifestation of respect or reverence.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A prophet is not without <i>honor</i>, save in his own country.</blockquote> <i>Matt. xiii. 57.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>That which rightfully attracts esteem, respect, or consideration; self-respect; dignity; courage; fidelity; especially, excellence of character; high moral worth; virtue; nobleness; specif., in men, integrity; uprightness; trustworthness; in women, purity; chastity.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>If she have forgot<BR> <i>Honor</i> and virtue.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Godlike erect, with native <i>honor</i> clad.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A nice sense of what is right, just, and true, with course of life correspondent thereto; strict conformity to the duty imposed by conscience, position, or privilege.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Say, what is <i>honor</i>? 'T is the finest sense<BR>
Of justice which the human mind can frame,<BR>
Intent each lurking frailty to disclaim,<BR>
And guard the way of life from all offense<BR>
Suffered or done.</blockquote> <i>Wordsworth.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>I could not love thee, dear, so much,<BR> Loved I not <i>honor</i> more.</blockquote> <i>Lovelace.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>That to which esteem or consideration is paid; distinguished position; high rank.</def> "Restored me to my <i>honors</i>." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>I have given thee . . . both riches, and <i>honor</i>.</blockquote> <i>1 Kings iii. 13.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Thou art clothed with <i>honor</i> and majesty.</blockquote> <i>Ps. civ. 1.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>Fame; reputation; credit.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Some in theiractions do woo, and affect <i>honor</i> and reputation.</blockquote> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>If my <i>honor</i> is meant anything distinct from conscience, 't is no more than a regard to the censure and esteem of the world.</blockquote> <i>Rogers.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>A token of esteem paid to worth; a mark of respect; a ceremonial sign of consideration; as, he wore an <i>honor</i> on his breast; military <i>honors</i>; civil <i>honors</i>.</def> "Their funeral <i>honors</i>." <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <def>A cause of respect and fame; a glory; an excellency; an ornament; as, he is an <i>honor</i> to his nation.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>8.</b></sn> <def>A title applied to the holders of certain honorable civil offices, or to persons of rank; as, His <i>Honor</i> the Mayor. See Note under <u>Honorable</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>9.</b></sn> <i>(Feud. Law)</i> <def>A seigniory or lordship held of the king, on which other lordships and manors depended.</def> <i>Cowell.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>10.</b></sn> <i>pl.</i> <def>Academic or university prizes or distinctions; as, <i>honors</i> in classics.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>11.</b></sn> <i>pl.</i> <i>(Whist)</i> <def>The ace, king, queen, and jack of trumps. The ten and nine are sometimes called <i>Dutch honors</i>.</def> <i>R. A. Proctor.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Affair of honor</b></col>, <cd>a dispute to be decided by a duel, or the duel itself.</cd> — <col><b>Court of honor</b></col>, <cd>a court or tribunal to investigate and decide questions relating to points of honor; as a court of chivalry, or a military court to investigate acts or omissions which are unofficerlike or ungentlemanly in their nature.</cd> — <col><b>Debt of honor</b></col>, <cd>a debt contracted by a verbal promise, or by betting or gambling, considered more binding than if recoverable by law.</cd> — <col><b>Honor bright!</b></col> An assurance of truth or fidelity. [Colloq.] — <col><b>Honor court</b></col> <i>(Feudal Law)</i>, <cd>one held in an honor or seignory.</cd> — <col><b>Honor point</b></col>. <i>(Her.)</i> <cd>See <u>Escutcheon</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Honors of war</b></col> <i>(Mil.)</i>, <cd>distinctions granted to a vanquished enemy, as of marching out from a camp or town armed, and with colors flying.</cd> — <col><b>Law, or Code</b></col>, <col><b>of honor</b></col>, <cd>certain rules by which social intercourse is regulated among persons of fashion, and which are founded on a regard to reputation.</cd> <i>Paley.</i> — <col><b>Maid of honor</b></col>, <cd>a lady of rank, whose duty it is to attend the queen when she appears in public.</cd> — <col><b>On one's honor</b></col>, <cd>on the pledge of one's honor; as, the members of the House of Lords in Great Britain, are not under oath, but give their statements or verdicts <i>on their honor</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Point of honor</b></col>, <cd>a scruple or nice distinction in matters affecting one's honor; as, he raised a <i>point of honor</i>.</cd> — <col><b>To do the honors</b></col>, <cd>to bestow honor, as on a guest; to act as host or hostess at an entertainment.</cd> "To <i>do the honors</i> and to give the word." <i>Pope.</i> — <col><b>To do one honor</b></col>, <cd>to confer distinction upon one.</cd> — <col><b>To have the honor</b></col>, <cd>to have the privilege or distinction.</cd> — <col><b>Word of honor</b></col>, <cd>an engagement confirmed by a pledge of honor.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Hon"or</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Honored</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Honoring</u>.] [OE. <i>honouren</i>, <i>onouren</i>, OF. <i>honorer</i>, <i>honourer</i>, F. <i>honorer</i>, fr. L. <i>honorare</i>, fr. <i>honor</i>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To regard or treat with honor, esteem, or respect; to revere; to treat with deference and submission; when used of the Supreme Being, to reverence; to adore; to worship.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Honor</i> thy father and thy mother.</blockquote> <i>Ex. xx. 12.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>That all men should <i>honor</i> the Son, even as they <i>honor</i> the Father.</blockquote> <i>John v. 23.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>It is a custom<BR> More <i>honor'd</i> in the breach than the observance.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To dignify; to raise to distinction or notice; to bestow honor upon; to elevate in rank or station; to ennoble; to exalt; to glorify; hence, to do something to honor; to treat in a complimentary manner or with civility.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Thus shall it be done to the man whom the king delighten to <i>honor</i>.</blockquote> <i>Esther vi. 9.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The name of Cassius <i>honors</i> this corruption.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Com.)</i> <def>To accept and pay when due; as, to <i>honor</i>a bill of exchange.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hon"or*a*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [F. <i>honorable</i>, L. <i>honorabilis</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Worthy of honor; fit to be esteemed or regarded; estimable; illustrious.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Thy name and <i>honorable</i> family.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>High-minded; actuated by principles of honor, or a scrupulous regard to probity, rectitude, or reputation.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Proceeding from an upright and laudable cause, or directed to a just and proper end; not base; irreproachable; fair; as, an <i>honorable</i> motive.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Is this proceeding just and <i>honorable</i>?</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Conferring honor, or produced by noble deeds.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Honorable</i> wounds from battle brought.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>Worthy of respect; regarded with esteem; to be commended; consistent with honor or rectitude.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Marriage is <i>honorable</i> in all.</blockquote> <i>Heb. xiii. 4.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>Performed or accompanied with marks of honor, or with testimonies of esteem; as, an <i>honorable</i> burial.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <def>Of reputable association or use; respectable.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Let her descend: my chambers are <i>honorable</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>8.</b></sn> <def>An epithet of respect or distinction; as, the <i>honorable</i> Senate; the <i>honorable</i> gentleman.</def></p>

<p>&fist; <i>Honorable</i> is a title of quality, conferred by English usage upon the younger children of earls and all the children of viscounts and barons. The maids of honor, lords of session, and the supreme judges of England and Ireland are entitled to the prefix. In American usage, it is a title of courtesy merely, bestowed upon those who hold, or have held, any of the higher public offices, esp. governors, judges, members of Congress or of the Senate, mayors.</p>

<p><col><b>Right honorable</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Right</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Hon"or*a*ble*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The state of being honorable; eminence; distinction.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Conformity to the principles of honor, probity, or moral rectitude; fairness; uprightness; reputableness.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hon"or*a*bly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>In an honorable manner; in a manner showing, or consistent with, honor.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The reverend abbot . . . <i>honorably</i> received him.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Why did I not more <i>honorably</i> starve?</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Decently; becomingly.</def> [Obs.] "Do this message <i>honorably</i>." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Magnanimously; generously; nobly; worthily; justly; equitably; fairly; reputably.</p>

<p>{ <hw>||Hon`o*ra"ri*um</hw> (?), <hw>Hon"or*a*ry</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>honorarium</i> (sc. <i>donum</i>), fr. <i>honorarius</i>. See <u>Honorary</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A fee offered to professional men for their services; as, an <i>honorarium</i> of one thousand dollars.</def> <i>S. Longfellow.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Law)</i> <def>An honorary payment, usually in recognition of services for which it is not usual or not lawful to assign a fixed business price.</def> <i>Heumann.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hon"or*a*ry</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>honorarius</i>, fr. <i>honor</i> honor: cf. F. <i>honoraire</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Done as a sign or evidence of honor; as, <i>honorary</i> services.</def> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Conferring honor, or intended merely to confer honor without emolument; as, an <i>honorary</i> degree.</def> "<i>Honorary</i> arches." <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Holding a title or place without rendering service or receiving reward; as, an <i>honorary</i> member of a society.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hon"or*er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who honors.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hon`or*if"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See <u>Honor</u>, <u>-fy</u>, and <u>-ic</u>.] <def>Conferring honor; tending to honor.</def> <i>London Spectator.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hon"or*less</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Destitute of honor; not honored.</def> <i>Bp. Warburton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hont</hw> (h&obreve;nt), <pos><i>n. & v.</i></pos> <def>See under <u>Hunt</u>.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hoo</hw> (?), <pos><i>interj.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>See <u>Ho</u>.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Hurrah! — an exclamation of triumphant joy.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>-hood</hw> (?). [OE. <i>hod</i>, <i>had</i>, <i>hed</i>, <i>hede</i>, etc., person, rank, order, condition, AS. <i>h&amacr;d</i>; akin to OS. <i>h&emacr;d</i>, OHG. <i>heit</i>, G. <i>-heit</i>, D. <i>-heid</i>, Goth. <i>haidus</i> manner; cf. Skr. <i>k&emacr;tu</i> brightness, <i>cit</i> to appear, be noticeable, notice. &radic;217. Cf. <u>-head</u>.] <def>A termination denoting <i>state</i>, <i>condition</i>, <i>quality</i>, <i>character</i>, <i>totality</i>, as in man<i>hood</i>, child<i>hood</i>, knight<i>hood</i>, brother<i>hood</i>. Sometimes it is written, chiefly in obsolete words, in the form -<i>head</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hood</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>hood</i>, <i>hod</i>, AS. <i>h&omacr;d</i>; akin to D. <i>hoed</i> hat, G. <i>hut</i>, OHG. <i>huot</i>, also to E. <i>hat</i>, and prob. to E. <i>heed</i>. &radic;13.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>State; condition.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>How could thou ween, through that disguised <i>hood</i><BR> To hide thy state from being understood?</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A covering or garment for the head or the head and shoulders, often attached to the body garment</def>; especially: <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A soft covering for the head, worn by women, which leaves only the face exposed.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A part of a monk's outer garment, with which he covers his head; a cowl.</def> "All <i>hoods</i> make not monks." <i>Shak.</i> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <def>A like appendage to a cloak or loose overcoat, that may be drawn up over the head at pleasure.</def> <sd><i>(d)</i></sd> <def>An ornamental fold at the back of an academic gown or ecclesiastical vestment; as, a master's <i>hood</i>.</def> <sd><i>(e)</i></sd> <def>A covering for a horse's head.</def> <sd><i>(f)</i></sd> <i>(Falconry)</i> <def>A covering for a hawk's head and eyes. See <i>Illust.</i> of <u>Falcon</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Anything resembling a hood in form or use</def>; as: <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The top or head of a carriage.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A chimney top, often contrived to secure a constant draught by turning with the wind.</def> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <def>A projecting cover above a hearth, forming the upper part of the fireplace, and confining the smoke to the flue.</def> <sd><i>(d)</i></sd> <def>The top of a pump.</def> <sd><i>(e)</i></sd> <i>(Ord.)</i> <def>A covering for a mortar.</def> <sd><i>(f)</i></sd> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The hood-shaped upper petal of some flowers, as of monkshood; — called also <i>helmet</i>.</def> <i>Gray.</i> <sd><i>(g)</i></sd> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>A covering or porch for a companion hatch.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Shipbuilding)</i> <def>The endmost plank of a strake which reaches the stem or stern.</def></p>

<p><! p. 704 !></p>

<p><hw>Hood</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Hooded</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Hooding</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To cover with a hood; to furnish with a hood or hood-shaped appendage.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The friar <i>hooded</i>, and the monarch crowned.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To cover; to hide; to blind.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>While grace is saying, I'll <i>hood</i> mine eyes<BR> Thus with my hat, and sigh and say, "Amen."</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Hooding end</b></col> <i>(Shipbuilding)</i>, <cd>the end of a hood where it enters the rabbet in the stem post or stern post.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Hood"cap`</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <i>Hooded seal</i>, under <u>Hooded</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hood"ed</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Covered with a hood.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Furnished with a hood or something like a hood.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Hood-shaped; esp. <i>(Bot.)</i>, rolled up like a cornet of paper; cuculate, as the spethe of the Indian turnip.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>Having the head conspicuously different in color from the rest of the plumage; — said of birds.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>Having a hoodlike crest or prominence on the head or neck; as, the <i>hooded</i> seal; a <i>hooded</i> snake.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Hooded crow</b></col>, <cd>a European crow <i>(Corvus cornix)</i>; — called also <i>hoody</i>, <i>dun crow</i>, and <i>royston crow</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Hooded gull</b></col>, <cd>the European black-headed pewit or gull.</cd> — <col><b>Hooded merganser</b></col>. <cd>See <u>Merganser</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Hooded seal</b></col>, <cd>a large North Atlantic seal (<i>Cystophora cristata</i>). The male has a large, inflatible, hoodlike sac upon the head. Called also <i>hoodcap</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Hooded sheldrake</b></col>, <cd>the hooded merganser. See <u>Merganser</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Hooded snake</b></col>. <cd>See <u>Cobra de capello</u>, <u>Asp</u>, <u>Haje</u>, etc.</cd> — <col><b>Hooded warbler</b></col>, <cd>a small American warbler (<i>Sylvania mitrata</i>).</cd></p>

<p><hw>Hood"less</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having no hood.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hood"lum</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A young rowdy; a rough, lawless fellow.</def> [Colloq. U.S.]</p>

<p><hw>Hood"man</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The person blindfolded in the game called hoodman-blind.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hood"man-blind`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>An old term for blindman's buff.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Hood" mold`ing</hw> <hw>Hood" mould`ing</hw> } (?). <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>A projecting molding over the head of an arch, forming the outermost member of the archivolt; — called also <i>hood mold</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hoo"doo</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Perh. a var. of <i>voodoo</i>.] <def>One who causes bad luck.</def> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><hw>Hood"wink</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<i>Hood</i> + <i>wink</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To blind by covering the eyes.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>We will blind and <i>hoodwink</i> him.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To cover; to hide.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To deceive by false appearance; to impose upon.</def> "<i>Hoodwinked</i> with kindness." <i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hood"y</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The hooded crow; also, in Scotland, the hooded gull.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hoof</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Hoofs</b></plw> (#), very rarely <plw><b>Hooves</b></plw> (#). [OE. <i>hof</i>, AS. <i>h&omacr;f</i>; akin to D. <i>hoef</i>, G1huf, OHG. <i>huof</i>, Icel. <i>h&omacr;fr</i>, Sw. <i>hof</i>, Dan. <i>hov</i>; cf. Russ. <i>kopuito</i>, Skr. <i>&ccedil;apha</i>. &radic;225.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The horny substance or case that covers or terminates the feet of certain animals, as horses, oxen, etc.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>On burnished <i>hooves</i> his war horse trode.</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A hoofed animal; a beast.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Our cattle also shall go with us; there shall not a <i>hoof</i> be left behind.</blockquote> <i>Ex. x. 26.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Geom.)</i> <def>See <u>Ungula</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hoof</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To walk as cattle.</def> [R.] <i>William Scott.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To be on a tramp; to foot.</def> [Slang, U.S.]</p>

<p><col><b>To hoof it</b></col>, <cd>to foot it.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Hoof"bound`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Far.)</i> <def>Having a dry and contracted hoof, which occasions pain and lameness.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hoofed</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Furnished with hoofs.</def> <i>Grew.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hoof"less</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Destitute of hoofs.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hook</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>hok</i>, AS. <i>h&omacr;c</i>; cf. D. <i>haak</i>, G. <i>hake</i>, <i>haken</i>, OHG. <i>h&amacr;ko</i>, <i>h&amacr;go</i>, <i>h&amacr;ggo</i>, Icel. <i>haki</i>, Sw. <i>hake</i>, Dan. <i>hage</i>. Cf. <u>Arquebuse</u>, <u>Hagbut</u>, <u>Hake</u>, <u>Hatch</u> a half door, <u>Heckle</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A piece of metal, or other hard material, formed or bent into a curve or at an angle, for catching, holding, or sustaining anything; as, a <i>hook</i> for catching fish; a <i>hook</i> for fastening a gate; a boat <i>hook</i>, etc.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>That part of a hinge which is fixed to a post, and on which a door or gate hangs and turns.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>An implement for cutting grass or grain; a sickle; an instrument for cutting or lopping; a billhook.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Like slashing Bentley with his desperate <i>hook</i>.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Steam Engin.)</i> <def>See <u>Eccentric</u>, and <u>V-hook</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>A snare; a trap.</def> [R.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>A field sown two years in succession.</def> [Prov. Eng.]</p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <i>pl.</i> <def>The projecting points of the thigh bones of cattle; — called also <i>hook bones</i>.</def></p>

<p><col><b>By hook or by crook</b></col>, <cd>one way or other; by any means, direct or indirect.</cd> <i>Milton.</i> "In hope her to attain <i>by hook or crook</i>." <i>Spenser.</i> — <col><b>Off the hooks</b></col>, <cd>unhinged; disturbed; disordered.</cd> [Colloq.] "In the evening, by water, to the Duke of Albemarle, whom I found mightly <i>off the hooks</i> that the ships are not gone out of the river." <i>Pepys.</i> — <col><b>On one's own hook</b></col>, <cd>on one's own account or responsibility; by one's self.</cd> [Colloq. U.S.] <i>Bartlett.</i> — <col><b>To go off the hooks</b></col>, <cd>to die.</cd> [Colloq.] <i>Thackeray.</i> — <col><b>Bid hook</b></col>, <cd>a small boat hook.</cd> — <col><b>Chain hook</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Chain</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Deck hook</b></col>, <cd>a horizontal knee or frame, in the bow of a ship, on which the forward part of the deck rests.</cd> — <col><b>Hook and eye</b></col>, <cd>one of the small wire hooks and loops for fastening together the opposite edges of a garment, etc.</cd> — <col><b>Hook bill</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the strongly curved beak of a bird.</cd> — <col><b>Hook ladder</b></col>, <cd>a ladder with hooks at the end by which it can be suspended, as from the top of a wall.</cd> — <col><b>Hook motion</b></col> <i>(Steam Engin.)</i>, <cd>a valve gear which is reversed by V hooks.</cd> — <col><b>Hook squid</b></col>, <cd>any squid which has the arms furnished with hooks, instead of suckers, as in the genera <i>Enoploteuthis</i> and <i>Onychteuthis</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Hook wrench</b></col>, <cd>a wrench or spanner, having a hook at the end, instead of a jaw, for turning a bolthead, nut, or coupling.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Hook</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Hooked</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Hooking</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To catch or fasten with a hook or hooks; to seize, capture, or hold, as with a hook, esp. with a disguised or baited hook; hence, to secure by allurement or artifice; to entrap; to catch; as, to <i>hook</i> a dress; to <i>hook</i> a trout.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Hook</i> him, my poor dear, . . . at any sacrifice.</blockquote> <i>W. Collins.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To seize or pierce with the points of the horns, as cattle in attacking enemies; to gore.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To steal.</def> [Colloq. Eng. & U.S.]</p>

<p><col><b>To hook on</b></col>, <cd>to fasten or attach by, or as by, hook.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Hook</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To bend; to curve as a hook.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hook"ah</hw> (h&oocr;k"&adot;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Per. or Ar. <i>huqqa</i> a round box or casket, a bottle through which the fumes pass when smoking tobacco.] <def>A pipe with a long, flexible stem, so arranged that the smoke is cooled by being made to pass through water.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hook"-billed`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Having a strongly curved bill.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hooked</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Having the form of a hook; curvated; as, the <i>hooked</i> bill of a bird.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Provided with a hook or hooks.</def> "The <i>hooked</i> chariot." <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hook"ed*ness</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The state of being bent like a hook; incurvation.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hook"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who, or that which, hooks.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Naut.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A Dutch vessel with two masts.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A fishing boat with one mast, used on the coast of Ireland.</def> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <def>A sailor's contemptuous term for any antiquated craft.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hooke's" gear"ing</hw> (?). [So called from the inventor.] <i>(Mach.)</i> <def>Spur gearing having teeth slanting across the face of the wheel, sometimes slanting in opposite directions from the middle.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hooke's joint</hw> (?). [So called from the inventor.] <i>(Mach.)</i> <def>A universal joint. See under <u>Universal</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hook"ey</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Hockey</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hook"let</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A little hook.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hook"-nosed`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having a hooked or aquiline nose.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hook"y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Full of hooks; pertaining to hooks.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hool</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Whole.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hoo"lock</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A small black gibbon (<i>Hylobates hoolock</i>), found in the mountains of Assam.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hoom</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Home.</def> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hoo"noo*maun</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>An Indian monkey. See <u>Entellus</u>.</def> [Written also <i>hoonuman</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Hoop</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>hope</i>; akin to D. <i>hoep</i>, <i>hoepel</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A pliant strip of wood or metal bent in a circular form, and united at the ends, for holding together the staves of casks, tubs, etc.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A ring; a circular band; anything resembling a hoop, as the cylinder (cheese hoop) in which the curd is pressed in making cheese.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A circle, or combination of circles, of thin whalebone, metal, or other elastic material, used for expanding the skirts of ladies' dresses; crinoline; — used chiefly in the plural.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Though stiff with <i>hoops</i>, and armed with ribs of whale.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>A quart pot; — so called because originally bound with hoops, like a barrel. Also, a portion of the contents measured by the distance between the hoops.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>An old measure of capacity, variously estimated at from one to four pecks.</def> [Eng.] <i>Halliwell.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Bulge hoop</b></col>, <col><b>Chine hoop</b></col>, <col><b>Quarter hoop</b></col>, <cd>the hoop nearest the middle of a cask, that nearest the end, and the intermediate hoop between these two, respectively.</cd> — <col><b>Flat hoop</b></col>, <cd>a wooden hoop dressed flat on both sides.</cd> — <col><b>Half-round hoop</b></col>, <cd>a wooden hoop left rounding and undressed on the outside.</cd> — <col><b>Hoop iron</b></col>, <cd>iron in thin narrow strips, used for making hoops.</cd> — <col><b>Hoop lock</b></col>, <cd>the fastening for uniting the ends of wooden hoops by notching and interlocking them.</cd> — <col><b>Hoop skirt</b></col>, <cd>a framework of hoops for expanding the skirts of a woman's dress; — called also <i>hoop petticoat</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Hoop snake</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a harmless snake of the Southern United States (<i>Abaster erythrogrammus</i>); — so called from the mistaken notion that it curves itself into a hoop, taking its tail into its mouth, and rolls along with great velocity.</cd> — <col><b>Hoop tree</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>a small West Indian tree (<i>Melia sempervirens</i>), of the Mahogany family.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Hoop</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Hooped</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Hooping</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To bind or fasten with hoops; as, to <i>hoop</i> a barrel or puncheon.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To clasp; to encircle; to surround.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hoop</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [OE. <i>houpen</i>; cf. F. <i>houper</i> to hoop, to shout; — a hunting term, prob. fr. <i>houp</i>, an interj. used in calling. Cf. <u>Whoop</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To utter a loud cry, or a sound imitative of the word, by way of call or pursuit; to shout.</def> [Usually written <i>whoop</i>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To whoop, as in whooping cough. See <u>Whoop</u>.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Hooping cough</b></col>. <i>(Med.)</i> <cd>See <u>Whooping cough</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Hoop</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [Written also <i>whoop</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To drive or follow with a shout.</def> "To be <i>hooped</i> out of Rome." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To call by a shout or peculiar cry.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hoop</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A shout; a whoop, as in whooping cough.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The hoopoe. See <u>Hoopoe</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hoop"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See 1st <u>Hoop</u>.] <def>One who hoops casks or tubs; a cooper.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hoop"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> [So called from its note.] <def>The European whistling, or wild, swan (<i>Olor cygnus</i>); — called also <i>hooper swan</i>, <i>whooping swan</i>, and <i>elk</i>.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Hoop"oe</hw> (?), <hw>Hoop"oo</hw> (?) }, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [So called from its cry; cf. L. <i>upupa</i>, Gr. &?;, D. <i>hop</i>, F. <i>huppe</i>; cf. also G. wieden<i>hopf</i>, OHG. witu<i>hopfo</i>, lit., wood hopper.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A European bird of the genus <i>Upupa</i> (<i>U. epops</i>), having a beautiful crest, which it can erect or depress at pleasure. Called also <i>hoop</i>, <i>whoop</i>. The name is also applied to several other species of the same genus and allied genera.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hoo"sier</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A nickname given to an inhabitant of the State of Indiana.</def> [U.S.]</p>

<p><hw>Hoot</hw> (h&oomac;t), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Hooted</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Hooting</u>.] [OE. <i>hoten</i>, <i>houten</i>, <i>huten</i>; cf. OSw. <i>huta</i>, Sw. <i>huta ut</i> to take one up sharply, fr. Sw. <i>hut</i> interj., begone! cf. also W. <i>hwt</i> off! off with it! away! hoot!] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To cry out or shout in contempt.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Matrons and girls shall <i>hoot</i> at thee no more.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To make the peculiar cry of an owl.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The clamorous owl that nightly <i>hoots</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hoot</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To assail with contemptuous cries or shouts; to follow with derisive shouts.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Partridge and his clan may <i>hoot</i> me for a cheat.</blockquote> <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hoot</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A derisive cry or shout.</def> <i>Glanvill.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The cry of an owl.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Hoot owl</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the barred owl (<i>Syrnium nebulosum</i>). See <u>Barred owl</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Hoove</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Allied to <i>heave</i>, <i>hove</i>.] <def>A disease in cattle consisting in inflammation of the stomach by gas, ordinarily caused by eating too much green food; tympany; bloating.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Hoov"en</hw> (?), <hw>Ho"ven</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Affected with hoove; as, <i>hooven</i>, or <i>hoven</i>, cattle.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hop</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Hopped</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Hopping</u> (?).] [OE. <i>hoppen</i> to hop, leap, dance, AS. <i>hoppian</i>; akin to Icel. & Sw. <i>hoppa</i>, Dan. <i>hoppe</i>, D. <i>huppelen</i>, G. <i>h&uuml;pfen</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To move by successive leaps, as toads do; to spring or jump on one foot; to skip, as birds do.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>[Birds] <i>hopping</i> from spray to spray.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To walk lame; to limp; to halt.</def> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To dance.</def> <i>Smollett.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hop</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A leap on one leg, as of a boy; a leap, as of a toad; a jump; a spring.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A dance; esp., an informal dance of ball.</def> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><col><b>Hop</b></col>, <col><b>skip</b></col> (or <col><b>step</b></col>), <col><b>and jump</b></col>, <cd>a game or athletic sport in which the participants cover as much ground as possible by a hop, stride, and jump in succession.</cd> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hop</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>hoppe</i>; akin to D. <i>hop</i>, <i>hoppe</i>, OHG. <i>hopfo</i>, G. <i>hopfen</i>; cf. LL. <i>hupa</i>, W. <i>hopez</i>, Armor. <i>houpez</i>, and Icel. <i>humall</i>, SW. & Dan. <i>humle</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A climbing plant (<i>Humulus Lupulus</i>), having a long, twining, annual stalk. It is cultivated for its fruit (hops).</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The catkin or strobilaceous fruit of the hop, much used in brewing to give a bitter taste.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>The fruit of the dog-rose. See <u>Hip</u>.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Hop back</b></col>. <i>(Brewing)</i> <cd>See under 1st <u>Back</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Hop clover</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>a species of yellow clover having heads like hops in miniature (<i>Trifolium agrarium</i>, and <i>T. procumbens</i>).</cd> — <col><b>Hop flea</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a small flea beetle (<i>Haltica concinna</i>), very injurious to hops.</cd> — <col><b>Hop fly</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>an aphid (<i>Phorodon humuli</i>), very injurious to hop vines.</cd> — <col><b>Hop froth fly</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>an hemipterous insect (<i>Aphrophora interrupta</i>), allied to the cockoo spits. It often does great damage to hop vines.</cd> — <col><b>Hop hornbeam</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>an American tree of the genus <i>Ostrya</i> (<i>O. Virginica</i>) the American ironwood; also, a European species (<i>O. vulgaris</i>).</cd> — <col><b>Hop moth</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a moth (<i>Hypena humuli</i>), which in the larval state is very injurious to hop vines.</cd> — <col><b>Hop picker</b></col>, <cd>one who picks hops.</cd> — <col><b>Hop pole</b></col>, <cd>a pole used to support hop vines.</cd> — <col><b>Hop tree</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>a small American tree (<i>Ptelia trifoliata</i>), having broad, flattened fruit in large clusters, sometimes used as a substitute for hops.</cd> — <col><b>Hop vine</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>the climbing vine or stalk of the hop.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Hop</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To impregnate with hops.</def> <i>Mortimer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hop</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To gather hops. [Perhaps only in the form <u>Hopping</u>, <pos><i>vb. n.</i></pos>]</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Hop"bine`</hw> (?), <hw>Hop"bind`</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The climbing stem of the hop.</def> <i>Blackstone.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hope</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. Icel. <i>h&omacr;p</i> a small bay or inlet.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A sloping plain between mountain ridges.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A small bay; an inlet; a haven.</def> [Scot.] <i>Jamieson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hope</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS., <i>akin to D</i>. <i>hoop</i>, <i>hope</i>, Sw. <i>hopp</i>, Dan. <i>haab</i>, MHG. <i>hoffe</i>. <i>Hope</i> in <i>forlorn hope</i> is different word. See <i>Forlorn hope</i>, under <u>Forlorn</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A desire of some good, accompanied with an expectation of obtaining it, or a belief that it is obtainable; an expectation of something which is thought to be desirable; confidence; pleasing expectancy.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The hypocrite's <i>hope</i> shall perish.</blockquote> <i>Job vii. 13.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>He wished, but not with <i>hope</i>.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>New thoughts of God, new <i>hopes</i> of Heaven.</blockquote> <i>Keble.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>One who, or that which, gives hope, furnishes ground of expectation, or promises desired good.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The Lord will be the <i>hope</i> of his people.</blockquote> <i>Joel iii. 16.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>A young gentleman of great <i>hopes</i>, whose love of learning was highly commendable.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>That which is hoped for; an object of hope.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Lavina is thine elder brother's <i>hope</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hope</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Hoped</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Hoping</u>.] [AS. <i>hopian</i>; akin to D. <i>hopen</i>, Sw. <i>hopp&?;</i>, Dan. <i>haabe</i>, G. <i>hoffen</i>. See 2nd <u>Hope</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To entertain or indulge hope; to cherish a desire of good, or of something welcome, with expectation of obtaining it or belief that it is obtainable; to expect; — usually followed by <i>for</i>.</def> "<i>Hope</i> for good success." <i>Jer. Taylor.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>But I will <i>hope</i> continually.</blockquote> <i>Ps. lxxi. 14.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To place confidence; to trust with confident expectation of good; — usually followed by <i>in</i>.</def> "I <i>hope</i> in thy word." <i>Ps. cxix. 81.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Why art thou cast down, O my soul? and why art thou disquieted within me? <i>Hope</i> thou in God.</blockquote> <i>Ps. xlii. 11.</i></p>

<p><! p. 705 !></p>

<p><hw>Hope</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To desire with expectation or with belief in the possibility or prospect of obtaining; to look forward to as a thing desirable, with the expectation of obtaining it; to cherish hopes of.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>We <i>hope</i> no other from your majesty.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>[Charity] <i>hopeth</i> all things.</blockquote> <i>1 Cor. xiii. 7.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To expect; to fear.</def> [Obs.] "I <i>hope</i> he will be dead." <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p>&fist; <i>Hope</i> is often used colloquially regarding uncertainties, with no reference to the future. "I <i>hope</i> she takes me to be flesh and blood." <i>Mrs. Centlivre.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hope"ful</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Full of hope, or agreeable expectation; inclined to hope; expectant.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Men of their own natural inclination <i>hopeful</i> and strongly conceited.</blockquote> <i>Hooker.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Having qualities which excite hope; affording promise of good or of success; as, a <i>hopeful</i> youth; a <i>hopeful</i> prospect.</def> "<i>Hopeful</i> scholars." <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p>— <wf>Hope"ful*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Hope"ful*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Hope"ite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Named after Professor <i>Hope</i>, of Edinburgh.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>A hydrous phosphate of zinc in transparent prismatic crystals.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hope"less</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Destitute of hope; having no expectation of good; despairing.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I am a woman, friendless, <i>hopeless</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Giving no ground of hope; promising nothing desirable; desperate; as, a <i>hopeless</i> cause.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>hopeless</i>word of "never to return"<BR> Breathe I against thee, upon pain of life.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Unhoped for; despaired of.</def> [Obs.] <i>Marston.</i></p>

<p>— <wf>Hope"less*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Hope"less*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Hop"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who hopes.</def> <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hop"ing*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a hopeful manner.</def> <i>Hammond.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hop"lite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; tool, weapon: cf. F. <i>hoplite</i>.] <i>(Gr. Antiq.)</i> <def>A heavy-armed infantry soldier.</def> <i>Milford.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Hop"-o'-my-thumb"</hw> (?), <hw>Hop"-thumb"</hw> }, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A very diminutive person.</def> [Colloq.] <i>liwell.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hopped</hw> (?), <pos><i>p. a.</i></pos> <def>Impregnated with hops.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hop"per</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See 1st <u>Hop</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who, or that which, hops.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A chute, box, or receptacle, usually funnel-shaped with an opening at the lower part, for delivering or feeding any material, as to a machine; as, the wooden box with its trough through which grain passes into a mill by joining or shaking, or a funnel through which fuel passes into a furnace, or coal, etc., into a car.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Mus.)</i> <def>See <u>Grasshopper</u>, 2.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>pl.</i> <def>A game. See <u>Hopscotch</u>.</def> <i>Johnson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>See <u>Grasshopper</u>, and <i>Frog hopper</i>, <i>Grape hopper</i>, <i>Leaf hopper</i>, <i>Tree hopper</i>, under <u>Frog</u>, <u>Grape</u>, <u>Leaf</u>, and <u>Tree</u>.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The larva of a cheese fly.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>A vessel for carrying waste, garbage, etc., out to sea, so constructed as to discharge its load by a mechanical contrivance; — called also <i>dumping scow</i>.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Bell and hopper</b></col> <i>(Metal.)</i>, <cd>the apparatus at the top of a blast furnace, through which the charge is introduced, while the gases are retained.</cd> — <col><b>Hopper boy</b></col>, <cd>a rake in a mill, moving in a circle to spread meal for drying, and to draw it over an opening in the floor, through which it falls.</cd> — <col><b>Hopper closet</b></col>, <cd>a water- closet, without a movable pan, in which the receptacle is a funnel standing on a draintrap.</cd> — <col><b>Hopper cock</b></col>, <cd>a faucet or valve for flushing the hopper of a water-closet.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Hop"per*ings</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Gold Washing)</i> <def>Gravel retaining in the hopper of a cradle.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hop`pes*tere"</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>An unexplained epithet used by Chaucer in reference to ships. By some it is defined as "dancing (on the wave)"; by others as "opposing," "warlike."</def> <i>T. R. Lounsbury.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hop"pet</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A hand basket; also, a dish used by miners for measuring ore.</def> [Prov. Eng.]</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>An infant in arms.</def> [Prov. Eng.] <i>Halliwell.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hop"ping</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The act of one who, or that which, hops; a jumping, frisking, or dancing.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Hopping Dick</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a thrush of Jamaica (<i>Merula leucogenys</i>), resembling the English blackbird in its familiar manners, agreeable song, and dark plumage.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Hop"ping</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See 3rd <u>Hop</u>.] <def>A gathering of hops.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hop"ple</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Hoppled</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Hoppling</u> (?).] [From <u>Hop</u>; cf. <u>Hobble</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To impede by a hopple; to tie the feet of (a horse or a cow) loosely together; to hamper; to hobble; as, to <i>hopple</i> an unruly or straying horse.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Fig.: To entangle; to hamper.</def> <i>Dr. H. More.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hop"ple</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A fetter for horses, or cattle, when turned out to graze; — chiefly used in the plural.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hop"ple*bush`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Hobblebush</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hop"po</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A collector of customs, as at Canton; an overseer of commerce.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A tribunal or commission having charge of the revenue derived from trade and navigation.</def> [China]</p>

<p><col><b>Hoppo men</b></col>, <cd>Chinese customhouse officers.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Hop"scotch`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A child's game, in which a player, hopping on one foot, drives a stone from one compartment to another of a figure traced or scotched on the ground; — called also <i>hoppers</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hop"-thumb`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Hop-o'- my-thumb</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hop"yard`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A field where hops are raised.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ho"ral</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>horalis</i>, fr. <i>hora</i> hour. See <u>Hour</u>.] <def>Of or pertaining to an hour, or to hours.</def> <i>Prior.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ho"ra*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>Hourly.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Ho"ra*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [LL. <i>horarius</i>, fr. L. <i>hora</i> hour: cf. F. <i>horaire</i>. See <u>Hour</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Of or pertaining to an hour; noting the hours.</def> <i>Spectator.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Occurring once an hour; continuing an hour; hourly; ephemeral.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Horary</i>, or soon decaying, fruits of summer.</blockquote> <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Horary circles</b></col>. <cd>See <u>Circles</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Ho*ra"tian</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to Horace, the Latin poet, or resembling his style.</def></p>

<p><hw>Horde</hw> (h&omacr;rd), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>horde</i> (cf. G. <i>horde</i>), fr. Turk. <i>ord&umacr;</i>, <i>ord&imacr;</i>, camp; of Tartar origin.] <def>A wandering troop or gang; especially, a clan or tribe of a nomadic people migrating from place to place for the sake of pasturage, plunder, etc.; a predatory multitude.</def> <i>Thomson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hor*de"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>hordeum</i> barley.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, barley; as, <i>hordeic</i> acid, an acid identical or isomeric with <i>lauric</i> acid.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hor"de*in</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>hordeum</i> barley.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A peculiar starchy matter contained in barley. It is a complex mixture.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>||Hor*de"o*lum</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. L. <i>hordeolus</i>, dim. of <i>hordeum</i> barley.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>A small tumor upon the eyelid, resembling a grain of barley; a sty.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hor"dock`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>An unidentified plant mentioned by Shakespeare, perhaps equivalent to <i>burdock</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hore</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Hoar.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hore"hound`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>horehune</i>, AS. <i>h&amacr;rhune</i>; <i>h&amacr;r</i> hoar, gray + <i>hune</i> horehound; cf. L. <i>cunila</i> a species of organum, Gr. &?;, Skr. <i>kn&?;y</i> to smell.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A plant of the genus <i>Marrubium</i> (<i>M. vulgare</i>), which has a bitter taste, and is a weak tonic, used as a household remedy for colds, coughing, etc.</def> [Written also <i>hoarhound</i>.]</p>

<p><col><b>Fetid horehound</b></col>, or <col><b>Black horehound</b></col>, <cd>a disagreeable plant resembling horehound (<i>Ballota nigra</i>).</cd> — <col><b>Water horehound</b></col>, <cd>a species of the genus <i>Lycopus</i>, resembling mint, but not aromatic.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Ho*ri"zon</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., fr. L. <i>horizon</i>, fr. Gr. &?; (sc. &?;) the bounding line, horizon, fr. &?; to bound, fr. &?; boundary, limit.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The circle which bounds that part of the earth's surface visible to a spectator from a given point; the apparent junction of the earth and sky.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>And when the morning sun shall raise his car<BR> Above the border of this <i>horizon</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>All the <i>horizon</i> round<BR> Invested with bright rays.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Astron.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A plane passing through the eye of the spectator and at right angles to the vertical at a given place; a plane tangent to the earth's surface at that place; called distinctively the <i>sensible horizon</i>.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A plane parallel to the sensible horizon of a place, and passing through the earth's center; — called also <i>rational or celestial horizon</i>.</def> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>The unbroken line separating sky and water, as seen by an eye at a given elevation, no land being visible.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Geol.)</i> <def>The epoch or time during which a deposit was made.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The strata all over the earth, which were formed at the same time, are said to belong to the same geological <i>horizon</i>.</blockquote> <i>Le Conte.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Painting)</i> <def>The chief horizontal line in a picture of any sort, which determines in the picture the height of the eye of the spectator; in an extended landscape, the representation of the natural horizon corresponds with this line.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Apparent horizon</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Apparent</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Artificial horizon</b></col>, <cd>a level mirror, as the surface of mercury in a shallow vessel, or a plane reflector adjusted to the true level artificially; — used chiefly with the sextant for observing the double altitude of a celestial body.</cd> — <col><b>Celestial horizon</b></col>. <i>(Astron.)</i> <cd>See def. 2, above.</cd> — <col><b>Dip of the horizon</b></col> <i>(Astron.)</i>, <cd>the vertical angle between the sensible horizon and a line to the visible horizon, the latter always being below the former.</cd> — <col><b>Rational horizon</b></col>, and <col><b>Sensible horizon</b></col>. <i>(Astron.)</i> <cd>See def. 2, above.</cd> — <col><b>Visible horizon</b></col>. <cd>See definitions 1 and 2, above.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Hor`i*zon"tal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>horizontal</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Pertaining to, or near, the horizon.</def> "<i>Horizontal</i> misty air." <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Parallel to the horizon; on a level; as, a <i>horizontal</i>line or surface.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Measured or contained in a plane of the horizon; as, <i>horizontal</i> distance.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Horizontal drill</b></col>, <cd>a drilling machine having a horizontal drill spindle.</cd> — <col><b>Horizontal engine</b></col>, <cd>one the piston of which works horizontally.</cd> — <col><b>Horizontal fire</b></col> <i>(Mil.)</i>, <cd>the fire of ordnance and small arms at point-blank range or at low angles of elevation.</cd> — <col><b>Horizontal force</b></col> <i>(Physics)</i>, <cd>the horizontal component of the earth's magnetic force.</cd> — <col><b>Horizontal line</b></col> <i>(Descriptive Geometry & Drawing)</i>, <cd>a constructive line, either drawn or imagined, which passes through the point of sight, and is the chief line in the projection upon which all verticals are fixed, and upon which all vanishing points are found.</cd> — <col><b>Horizontal parallax</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Parallax</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Horizontal plane</b></col> <i>(Descriptive Geometry)</i>, <cd>a plane parallel to the horizon, upon which it is assumed that objects are projected. See <u>Projection</u>. It is upon the horizontal plane that the ground plan of the buildings is supposed to be drawn.</cd> — <col><b>Horizontal projection</b></col>, <cd>a projection made on a plane parallel to the horizon.</cd> — <col><b>Horizontal range</b></col> <i>(Gunnery)</i>, <cd>the distance in a horizontal plane to which a gun will throw a projectile.</cd> — <col><b>Horizontal water wheel</b></col>, <cd>a water wheel in which the axis is vertical, the buckets or floats revolving in a horizontal plane, as in most turbines.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Hor`i*zon*tal"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>horizontalit&eacute;</i>.] <def>The state or quality of being horizontal.</def> <i>Kirwan.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hor`i*zon"tal*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a horizontal direction or position; on a level; as, moving <i>horizontally</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Hor`mo*go*ni"um</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?;a chain + &?; generation.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A chain of small cells in certain alg&aelig;, by which the plant is propagated.</def></p>

<p><hw>Horn</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>horn</i>; akin to D. <i>horen</i>, <i>hoorn</i>, G., Icel., Sw., & Dan. <i>horn</i>, Goth. <i>ha&uacute;rn</i>, W., Gael., & Ir. <i>corn</i>, L. <i>cornu</i>, Gr. &?;, and perh. also to E. <i>cheer</i>, <i>cranium</i>, <i>cerebral</i>; cf. Skr. <i>&ccedil;iras</i> head. Cf. <u>Carat</u>, <u>Corn</u> on the foot, <u>Cornea</u>, <u>Corner</u>, <u>Cornet</u>, <u>Cornucopia</u>, <u>Hart</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A hard, projecting, and usually pointed organ, growing upon the heads of certain animals, esp. of the ruminants, as cattle, goats, and the like. The hollow horns of the Ox family consist externally of true horn, and are never shed.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The antler of a deer, which is of bone throughout, and annually shed and renewed.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any natural projection or excrescence from an animal, resembling or thought to resemble a horn in substance or form; esp.: <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> A projection from the beak of a bird, as in the hornbill. <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> A tuft of feathers on the head of a bird, as in the horned owl. <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> A hornlike projection from the head or thorax of an insect, or the head of a reptile, or fish. <sd><i>(d)</i></sd> A sharp spine in front of the fins of a fish, as in the horned pout.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>An incurved, tapering and pointed appendage found in the flowers of the milkweed (<i>Asclepias</i>).</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>Something made of a horn, or in resemblance of a horn</def>; as: <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A wind instrument of music; originally, one made of a horn (of an ox or a ram); now applied to various elaborately wrought instruments of brass or other metal, resembling a horn in shape.</def> "Wind his <i>horn</i> under the castle wall." <i>Spenser.</i> See <i>French horn</i>, under <u>French</u>. <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A drinking cup, or beaker, as having been originally made of the horns of cattle.</def> "<i>Horns</i> of mead and ale." <i>Mason.</i> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <def>The cornucopia, or horn of plenty.</def> See <u>Cornucopia</u>. "Fruits and flowers from Amalth&aelig;a's <i>horn</i>." <i>Milton.</i> <sd><i>(d)</i></sd> <def>A vessel made of a horn; esp., one designed for containing powder; anciently, a small vessel for carrying liquids.</def> "Samuel took the <i>horn</i>of oil and anointed him [David]." <i>1 Sam. xvi. 13.</i> <sd><i>(e)</i></sd> <def>The pointed beak of an anvil.</def> <sd><i>(f)</i></sd> <def>The high pommel of a saddle; also, either of the projections on a lady's saddle for supporting the leg.</def> <sd><i>(g)</i></sd> <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>The Ionic volute.</def> <sd><i>(h)</i></sd> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>The outer end of a crosstree; also, one of the projections forming the jaws of a gaff, boom, etc.</def> <sd><i>(i)</i></sd> <i>(Carp.)</i> <def>A curved projection on the fore part of a plane.</def> <sd><i>(j)</i></sd> <def>One of the projections at the four corners of the Jewish altar of burnt offering.</def> "Joab . . . caught hold on the <i>horns</i> of the altar." <i>1 Kings ii. 28.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>One of the curved ends of a crescent; esp., an extremity or cusp of the moon when crescent- shaped.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The moon<BR> Wears a wan circle round her blunted <i>horns</i>.</blockquote> <i>Thomson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <i>(Mil.)</i> <def>The curving extremity of the wing of an army or of a squadron drawn up in a crescentlike form.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Sharpening in mooned <i>horns</i><BR> Their phalanx.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>8.</b></sn> <def>The tough, fibrous material of which true horns are composed, being, in the Ox family, chiefly albuminous, with some phosphate of lime; also, any similar substance, as that which forms the hoof crust of horses, sheep, and cattle; as, a spoon of <i>horn</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>9.</b></sn> <i>(Script.)</i> <def>A symbol of strength, power, glory, exaltation, or pride.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The Lord is . . . the <i>horn</i> of my salvation.</blockquote> <i>Ps. xviii. 2.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>10.</b></sn> <def>An emblem of a cuckold; — used chiefly in the plural.</def> "Thicker than a cuckold's <i>horn</i>." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Horn block</b></col>, <cd>the frame or pedestal in which a railway car axle box slides up and down; — also called <i>horn plate</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Horn of a dilemma</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Dilemma</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Horn distemper</b></col>, <cd>a disease of cattle, affecting the internal substance of the horn.</cd> — <col><b>Horn drum</b></col>, <cd>a wheel with long curved scoops, for raising water.</cd> — <col><b>Horn lead</b></col> <i>(Chem.)</i>, <cd>chloride of lead.</cd> — <col><b>Horn maker</b></col>, <cd>a maker of cuckolds.</cd> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i> — <col><b>Horn mercury</b></col>. <i>(Min.)</i> <cd>Same as <i>Horn quicksilver</i> (below).</cd> — <col><b>Horn poppy</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>a plant allied to the poppy (<i>Glaucium luteum</i>), found on the sandy shores of Great Britain and Virginia; — called also <i>horned poppy</i>.</cd> <i>Gray.</i> — <col><b>Horn pox</b></col> <i>(Med.)</i>, <cd>abortive smallpox with an eruption like that of chicken pox.</cd> — <col><b>Horn quicksilver</b></col> <i>(Min.)</i>, <cd>native calomel, or bichloride of mercury.</cd> — <col><b>Horn shell</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>any long, sharp, spiral, gastropod shell, of the genus <i>Cerithium</i>, and allied genera.</cd> — <col><b>Horn silver</b></col> <i>(Min.)</i>, <cd>cerargyrite.</cd> — <col><b>Horn slate</b></col>, <cd>a gray, siliceous stone.</cd> — <col><b>To haul in one's horns</b></col>, <cd>to withdraw some arrogant pretension.</cd> [Colloq.] — <col><b>To</b></col> <col><b>raise, or lift</b></col>, <col><b>the horn</b></col> <i>(Script.)</i>, <cd>to exalt one's self; to act arrogantly.</cd> "'Gainst them that raised thee dost thou <i>lift</i> thy <i>horn</i>?" <i>Milton.</i> — <col><b>To take a horn</b></col>, <cd>to take a drink of intoxicating liquor.</cd> [Low] </p>

<p><hw>Horn</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To furnish with horns; to give the shape of a horn to.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To cause to wear horns; to cuckold.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Horn"beak`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A fish. See <u>Hornfish</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Horn"beam`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Beam</u>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A tree of the genus <i>Carpinus</i> (<i>C. Americana</i>), having a smooth gray bark and a ridged trunk, the wood being white and very hard. It is common along the banks of streams in the United States, and is also called <i>ironwood</i>. The English hornbeam is <i>C. Betulus</i>. The American is called also <i>blue beech</i> and <i>water beech</i>.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Hop hornbeam</b></col>. <i>(Bot.)</i> <cd>See under <u>Hop</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Horn"bill`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any bird of the family <i>Bucerotid&aelig;</i>, of which about sixty species are known, belonging to numerous genera. They inhabit the tropical parts of Asia, Africa, and the East Indies, and are remarkable for having a more or less horn-like protuberance, which is usually large and hollow and is situated on the upper side of the beak. The size of the hornbill varies from that of a pigeon to that of a raven, or even larger. They feed chiefly upon fruit, but some species eat dead animals.</def></p>

<p><! p. 706 !></p>

<p><hw>Horn"blende`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [G., fr. <i>horn</i> horn + <i>blende</i> blende.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>The common black, or dark green or brown, variety of amphibole. (See <u>Amphibole</u>.) It belongs to the aluminous division of the species, and is also characterized by its containing considerable iron. Also used as a general term to include the whole species.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Hornblende schist</b></col> <i>(Geol.)</i>, <cd>a hornblende rock of schistose structure.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Horn*blend"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Composed largely of hornblende; resembling or relating to hornblende.</def></p>

<p><hw>Horn"blow`er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>hornbl&amacr;were</i>.] <def>One who, or that which, blows a horn.</def></p>

<p><hw>Horn"book`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The first book for children, or that from which in former times they learned their letters and rudiments; — so called because a sheet of horn covered the small, thin board of oak, or the slip of paper, on which the alphabet, digits, and often the Lord's Prayer, were written or printed; a primer.</def> "He teaches boys the <i>hornbook</i>." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A book containing the rudiments of any science or branch of knowledge; a manual; a handbook.</def></p>

<p><hw>Horn"bug`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A large nocturnal beetle of the genus <i>Lucanus</i> (as <i>L. capreolus</i>, and <i>L. dama</i>), having long, curved upper jaws, resembling a sickle. The grubs are found in the trunks of old trees.</def></p>

<p><hw>Horned</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Furnished with a horn or horns; furnished with a hornlike process or appendage; as, <i>horned</i> cattle; having some part shaped like a horn.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>horned</i> moon with one bright star<BR> Within the nether tip.</blockquote> <i>Coleridge.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Horned bee</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a British wild bee (<i>Osmia bicornis</i>), having two little horns on the head.</cd> — <col><b>Horned dace</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>an American cyprinoid fish (<i>Semotilus corporialis</i>) common in brooks and ponds; the common chub. See <i>Illust.</i> of <u>Chub</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Horned frog</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a very large Brazilian frog (<i>Ceratophrys cornuta</i>), having a pair of triangular horns arising from the eyelids.</cd> — <col><b>Horned grebe</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a species of grebe (<i>Colymbus auritus</i>), of Arctic Europe and America, having two dense tufts of feathers on the head.</cd> — <col><b>Horned horse</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the gnu.</cd> — <col><b>Horned lark</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the shore lark.</cd> — <col><b>Horned lizard</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the horned toad.</cd> — <col><b>Horned owl</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a large North American owl (<i>Bubo Virginianus</i>), having a pair of elongated tufts of feathers on the head. Several distinct varieties are known; as, the Arctic, Western, dusky, and striped <i>horned owls</i>, differing in color, and inhabiting different regions; — called also <i>great horned owl</i>, <i>horn owl</i>, <i>eagle owl</i>, and <i>cat owl</i>. Sometimes also applied to the <i>long-eared owl</i>. See <i>Eared owl</i>, under <u>Eared</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Horned poppy</b></col>. <i>(Bot.)</i> <cd>See <i>Horn poppy</i>, under <u>Horn</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Horned pout</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>an American fresh-water siluroid fish; the bullpout.</cd> — <col><b>Horned rattler</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a species of rattlesnake (<i>Crotalus cerastes</i>), inhabiting the dry, sandy plains, from California to Mexico. It has a pair of triangular horns between the eyes; — called also <i>sidewinder</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Horned ray</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the sea devil.</cd> — <col><b>Horned screamer</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the kamichi.</cd> — <col><b>Horned snake</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the cerastes.</cd> — <col><b>Horned toad</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>any lizard of the genus <i>Phrynosoma</i>, of which nine or ten species are known. These lizards have several hornlike spines on the head, and a broad, flat body, covered with spiny scales. They inhabit the dry, sandy plains from California to Mexico and Texas. Called also <i>horned lizard</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Horned viper</b></col>. <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <cd>See <u>Cerastes</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Horn"ed*ness</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The condition of being horned.</def></p>

<p><hw>Horn"el</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The European sand eel.</def> [Scot.]</p>

<p><hw>Horn"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who works or deal in horn or horns.</def> [R.] <i>Grew.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>One who winds or blows the horn.</def> [Obs.] <i>Sherwood.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>One who horns or cuckolds.</def> [Obs.] <i>Massinger.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The British sand lance or sand eel (<i>Ammodytes lanceolatus</i>).</def></p>

<p><hw>Hor"net</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>hyrnet</i>; akin to OHG. <i>hornaz</i>, <i>hornuz</i>, G. <i>horniss</i>; perh. akin to E. <i>horn</i>, and named from the sound it makes as if blowing the horn; but more prob. akin to D. <i>horzel</i>, Lith. <i>szirszone</i>, L. <i>crabo</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A large, strong wasp. The European species (<i>Vespa crabro</i>) is of a dark brown and yellow color. It is very pugnacious, and its sting is very severe. Its nest is constructed of a paperlike material, and the layers of comb are hung together by columns. The American white-faced hornet (<i>V. maculata</i>) is larger and has similar habits.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Hornet fly</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>any dipterous insect of the genus <i>Asilus</i>, and allied genera, of which there are numerous species. They are large and fierce flies which capture bees and other insects, often larger than themselves, and suck their blood. Called also <i>hawk fly</i>, <i>robber fly</i>.</cd> — <col><b>To stir up a hornet's nest</b></col>, <cd>to provoke the attack of a swarm of spiteful enemies or spirited critics.</cd> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><hw>Horn"fish`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>hornfisc</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The garfish or sea needle.</def></p>

<p><hw>Horn"foot`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having hoofs; hoofed.</def></p>

<p><hw>Horn"i*fy</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<i>Horn</i> + <i>-fy</i>.] <def>To horn; to cuckold.</def> [Obs.] <i>Beau. & Fl.</i></p>

<p><hw>Horn"ing</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Appearance of the moon when increasing, or in the form of a crescent.</def> <i>J. Gregory.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Letters of horning</b></col> <i>(Scots Law)</i>, <cd>the process or authority by which a person, directed by the decree of a court of justice to pay or perform anything, is ordered to comply therewith.</cd> <i>Mozley & W.</i></p>

<p><hw>Horn"ish</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Somewhat like horn; hard.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Hor*ni"to</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [A dim. fr. Sp. <i>horno</i> oven, L. <i>furnus</i>. See <u>Furnace</u>.] <i>(Geol.)</i> <def>A low, oven-shaped mound, common in volcanic regions, and emitting smoke and vapors from its sides and summit.</def> <i>Humboldt.</i></p>

<p><hw>Horn"less</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having no horn.</def></p>

<p><hw>Horn"-mad`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Quite mad; — raving crazy.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Did I tell you about Mr. Garrick, that the town are <i>horn-mad</i> after?</blockquote> <i>Gray.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hor"no*tine</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>hornotinus</i> of this year.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A yearling; a bird of the year.</def></p>

<p><hw>Horn"owl`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>See <u>Horned Owl</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Horn"pike`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The garfish.</def> [Prov. Eng.]</p>

<p><hw>Horn"pipe`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Mus.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>An instrument of music formerly popular in Wales, consisting of a wooden pipe, with holes at intervals. It was so called because the bell at the open end was sometimes made of horn.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A lively tune played on a hornpipe, for dancing; a tune adapted for such playing.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Many a <i>hornpipe</i> he tuned to his Phyllis.</blockquote> <i>Sir W. Raleigh.</i></p>

<p><sd><i>(c)</i></sd> A dance performed, usually by one person, to such a tune, and popular among sailors.</p>

<p><hw>Horn"pout`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>See <i>Horned pout</i>, under <u>Horned</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Horn"snake`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A harmless snake (<i>Farancia abacura</i>), found in the Southern United States. The color is bluish black above, red below.</def></p>

<p><hw>Horn"stone`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Min.)</i> <def>A siliceous stone, a variety of quartz, closely resembling flint, but more brittle; — called also <i>chert</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Horn"tail`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any one of family (<i>Urocerid&aelig;</i>) of large hymenopterous insects, allied to the sawflies. The larv&aelig; bore in the wood of trees. So called from the long, stout ovipositors of the females.</def></p>

<p><hw>Horn"work`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Fort.)</i> <def>An outwork composed of two demibastions joined by a curtain. It is connected with the works in rear by long wings.</def></p>

<p><hw>Horn"wort`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>An aquatic plant (<i>Ceratophyllum</i>), with finely divided leaves.</def></p>

<p><hw>Horn"wrack`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A bryozoan of the genus <i>Flustra</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Horn"y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<pos><i>Compar.</i></pos> <u>Hornier</u> (?); <pos><i>superl.</i></pos> <u>Horniest</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Having horns or hornlike projections.</def> <i>Gay.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Composed or made of horn, or of a substance resembling horn; of the nature of horn.</def> "The <i>horny</i> . . . coat of the eye." <i>Ray.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Hard; callous.</def> "His <i>horny</i> fist." <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Horn"y-hand`ed</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having the hands horny and callous from labor.</def></p>

<p><hw>Horn"y*head`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any North American river chub of the genus <i>Hybopsis</i>, esp. <i>H. biguttatus</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ho*rog"ra*phy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; hour + <i>-graphy</i>: cf. F. <i>horographie</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>An account of the hours.</def> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The art of constructing instruments for making the hours, as clocks, watches, and dials.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hor"o*loge</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>horologe</i>, <i>orloge</i>, timepiece, OF. <i>horloge</i>, <i>orloge</i>, <i>oriloge</i>, F. <i>horloge</i>, L. <i>horologium</i>, fr. Gr. &?;; &?; hour + &?; to say, tell. See <u>Hour</u>, and <u>Logic</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A servant who called out the hours.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>An instrument indicating the time of day; a timepiece of any kind; a watch, clock, or dial.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ho*rol"o*ger</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A maker or vender of clocks and watches; one skilled in horology.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hor`o*log"ic*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>horologicus</i>, Gr. &?;.] <def>Relating to a horologe, or to horology.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hor`o*lo`gi*og"ra*pher</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Horologiography</u>.] <def>A maker of clocks, watches, or dials.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hor`o*lo`gi*o*graph"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to horologiography.</def> <i>Chambers.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hor`o*lo`gi*og"ra*phy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; horologe + <i>-graphy</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>An account of instruments that show the hour.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The art of constructing clocks or dials; horography.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ho*rol"o*gist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One versed in horology.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ho*rol"o*gy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Horologe</u>.] <def>The science of measuring time, or the principles and art of constructing instruments for measuring and indicating portions of time, as clocks, watches, dials, etc.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ho*rom"e*ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; hour + <i>-meter</i>.] <def>An instrument for measuring time.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hor`o*met"ric*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Belonging to horometry.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ho*rom"e*try</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>horom&eacute;trie</i>. See <u>Horometer</u>.] <def>The art, practice, or method of measuring time by hours and subordinate divisions.</def> "The <i>horometry</i> of antiquity." <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ho*rop"ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; boundary + &?; one who looks.] <i>(Opt.)</i> <def>The line or surface in which are situated all the points which are seen single while the point of sight, or the adjustment of the eyes, remains unchanged.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The sum of all the points which are seen single, while the point of sight remains unchanged, is called the <i>horopter</i>.</blockquote> <i>J. Le Conte.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hor`op*ter"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Opt.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to the horopter.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hor"o*scope</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>horoscope</i>, L. <i>horoscopus</i>, fr. Gr. &?;, adj., observing hours or times, esp. observing the hour of birth, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, a horoscope; &?; hour + &?; to view, observe. See <u>Hour</u>, and <u>-scope</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Astrol.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The representation made of the aspect of the heavens at the moment of a person's birth, by which the astrologer professed to foretell the events of the person's life; especially, the sign of the zodiac rising above the horizon at such a moment.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The diagram or scheme of twelve houses or signs of the zodiac, into which the whole circuit of the heavens was divided for the purposes of such prediction of fortune.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The planisphere invented by Jean Paduanus.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A table showing the length of the days and nights at all places.</def> <i>Heyse.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Hor"o*sco`per</hw> (?), <hw>Ho*ros"co*pist</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One versed in horoscopy; an astrologer.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ho*ros"co*py</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The art or practice of casting horoscopes, or observing the disposition of the stars, with a view to prediction events.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Aspect of the stars at the time of a person's birth.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hor*ren"dous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>horrendus</i>.] <def>Fearful; frightful.</def> [Obs.] <i>I. Watts.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hor"rent</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>horrens</i>, p. pr. of <i>horrere</i> to bristle. See <u>Horror</u>.] <def>Standing erect, as bristles; covered with bristling points; bristled; bristling.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Rough and <i>horrent</i> with figures in strong relief.</blockquote> <i>De Quincey.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>With bright emblazonry and <i>horrent</i> arms.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hor"ri*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [OE. <i>horrible</i>, <i>orrible</i>, OF. <i>horrible</i>, <i>orrible</i>, F. <i>horrible</i>, fr. L. <i>horribilis</i>, fr. <i>horrere</i>. See <u>Horror</u>.] <def>Exciting, or tending to excite, horror or fear; dreadful; terrible; shocking; hideous; as, a <i>horrible</i> sight; a <i>horrible</i> story; a <i>horrible</i> murder.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A dungeon <i>horrible</i> on all sides round.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Dreadful; frightful; fearful; terrible; awful; terrific; shocking; hideous; horrid.</p>

<p><hw>Hor"ri*ble*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The state or quality of being horrible; dreadfulness; hideousness.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>horribleness</i> of the mischief.</blockquote> <i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hor"ri*bly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a manner to excite horror; dreadfully; terribly.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hor"rid</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>horridus</i>. See <u>Horror</u>, and cf. <u>Ordure</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Rough; rugged; bristling.</def> [Archaic]</p>

<p><blockquote><i>Horrid</i> with fern, and intricate with thorn.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Fitted to excite horror; dreadful; hideous; shocking; hence, very offensive.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Not in the legions<BR> Of <i>horrid</i> hell.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>horrid</i> things they say.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Frightful; hideous; alarming; shocking; dreadful; awful; terrific; horrible; abominable.</p>

<p><hw>Hor"rid*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a horrid manner.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hor"rid*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality of being horrid.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hor*rif"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>horrifieus</i>; <i>horrere</i> to be horrible + <i>-ficare</i> (in comp.) to make: cf. F. <i>horrifique</i>. See <u>Horror</u>, <u>- fy</u>.] <def>Causing horror; frightful.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Let . . . nothing ghastly or <i>horrific</i> be supposed.</blockquote> <i>I. Taylor.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hor`ri*fi*ca"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>That which causes horror.</def> [R.] <i>Miss Edgeworth.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hor"ri*fy</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Horrified</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Horrifying</u> (?).] [L. <i>horrificare</i>. See <u>Horrific</u>.] <def>To cause to feel horror; to strike or impress with horror; as, the sight <i>horrified</i> the beholders.</def> <i>E. Irving.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hor*rip`i*la"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>horripilatio</i>, fr. <i>horripilare</i> to bristle; <i>horrere</i> to bristle + <i>pilus</i> the hair: cf. F. <i>horripilation</i>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>A real or fancied bristling of the hair of the head or body, resulting from disease, terror, chilliness, etc.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hor*ris"o*nant</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Horrisonous.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Hor*ris"o*nous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>horrisonus</i>; <i>horrere</i> to be horrible + <i>sonus</i> a sound.] <def>Sounding dreadfully; uttering a terrible sound.</def> [Obs.] <i>Bailey.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hor"ror</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Formerly written <i>horrour</i>.] [L. <i>horror</i>, fr. <i>horrere</i> to bristle, to shiver, to tremble with cold or dread, to be dreadful or terrible; cf. Skr. <i>h&?;sh</i> to bristle.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A bristling up; a rising into roughness; tumultuous movement.</def> [Archaic]</p>

<p><blockquote>Such fresh <i>horror</i> as you see driven through the wrinkled waves.</blockquote> <i>Chapman.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A shaking, shivering, or shuddering, as in the cold fit which precedes a fever; in old medical writings, a chill of less severity than a <i>rigor</i>, and more marked than an <i>algor</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A painful emotion of fear, dread, and abhorrence; a shuddering with terror and detestation; the feeling inspired by something frightful and shocking.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>How could this, in the sight of heaven, without <i>horrors</i> of conscience be uttered?</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>That which excites horror or dread, or is horrible; gloom; dreariness.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Breathes a browner <i>horror</i> on the woods.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><col><b>The horrors</b></col>, <cd>delirium tremens.</cd> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><! p. 707 !></p>

<p><hw>Hor"ror-stick`en</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Struck with horror; horrified.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Blank and <i>horror-stricken</i> faces.</blockquote> <i>C. Kingsley.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hor"ror-struck`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Horror- stricken; horrified.</def> <i>M. Arnold.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Hors` de com`bat"</hw> (?). [F.] <def>Out of the combat; disabled from fighting.</def></p>

<p><hw>Horse</hw> (h&ocirc;rs), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>hors</i>; akin to OS. <i>hros</i>, D. & OHG. <i>ros</i>, G. <i>ross</i>, Icel. <i>hross</i>; and perh. to L. <i>currere</i> to run, E. <i>course</i>, <i>current</i> Cf. <u>Walrus</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A hoofed quadruped of the genus <i>Equus</i>; especially, the domestic horse (<i>E. caballus</i>), which was domesticated in Egypt and Asia at a very early period. It has six broad molars, on each side of each jaw, with six incisors, and two canine teeth, both above and below. The mares usually have the canine teeth rudimentary or wanting. The horse differs from the true asses, in having a long, flowing mane, and the tail bushy to the base. Unlike the asses it has callosities, or chestnuts, on all its legs. The horse excels in strength, speed, docility, courage, and nobleness of character, and is used for drawing, carrying, bearing a rider, and like purposes.</def></p>

<p>&fist; Many varieties, differing in form, size, color, gait, speed, etc., are known, but all are believed to have been derived from the same original species. It is supposed to have been a native of the plains of Central Asia, but the wild species from which it was derived is not certainly known. The feral horses of America are domestic horses that have run wild; and it is probably true that most of those of Asia have a similar origin. Some of the true wild Asiatic horses do, however, approach the domestic horse in several characteristics.<BR> Several species of fossil (<i>Equus</i>) are known from the later Tertiary formations of Europe and America. The fossil species of other genera of the family <i>Equid&aelig;</i> are also often called <i>horses</i>, in general sense.</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The male of the genus horse, in distinction from the female or male; usually, a castrated male.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Mounted soldiery; cavalry; — used without the plural termination; as, a regiment of <i>horse</i>; — distinguished from <i>foot</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The armies were appointed, consisting of twenty-five thousand <i>horse</i> and foot.</blockquote> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>A frame with legs, used to support something; as, a clothes<i>horse</i>, a saw<i>horse</i>, etc.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>A frame of timber, shaped like a horse, on which soldiers were made to ride for punishment.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>Anything, actual or figurative, on which one rides as on a horse; a hobby.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <i>(Mining)</i> <def>A mass of earthy matter, or rock of the same character as the wall rock, occurring in the course of a vein, as of coal or ore; hence, to <i>take horse</i> — said of a vein — is to divide into branches for a distance.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>8.</b></sn> <i>(Naut.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>See <u>Footrope</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos></def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A breastband for a leadsman.</def> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <def>An iron bar for a sheet traveler to slide upon.</def> <sd><i>(d)</i></sd> <def>A jackstay.</def> <i>W. C. Russell.</i> <i>Totten.</i></p>

<p>&fist; <i>Horse</i> is much used adjectively and in composition to signify <i>of</i>, or <i>having to do with</i>, <i>a horse</i> or <i>horses</i>, <i>like a horse</i>, etc.; as, <i>horse</i> collar, <i>horse</i> dealer or <i>horse</i>&?;dealer, <i>horse</i>hoe, <i>horse</i> jockey; and hence, often in the sense of <i>strong</i>, <i>loud</i>, <i>coarse</i>, etc.; as, <i>horse</i>laugh, <i>horse</i> nettle or <i>horse</i>-nettle, <i>horse</i>play, <i>horse</i> ant, etc.</p>

<p><col><b>Black horse</b></col>, <col><b>Blood horse</b></col>, <cd>etc. See under <u>Black</u>, etc.</cd> — <col><b>Horse aloes</b></col>, <cd>caballine aloes.</cd> — <col><b>Horse ant</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a large ant (<i>Formica rufa</i>); — called also <i>horse emmet</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Horse artillery</b></col>, <cd>that portion of the artillery in which the cannoneers are mounted, and which usually serves with the cavalry; flying artillery.</cd> — <col><b>Horse balm</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>a strong-scented labiate plant (<i>Collinsonia Canadensis</i>), having large leaves and yellowish flowers.</cd> — <col><b>Horse bean</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>a variety of the English or Windsor bean (<i>Faba vulgaris</i>), grown for feeding horses.</cd> — <col><b>Horse boat</b></col>, <cd>a boat for conveying horses and cattle, or a boat propelled by horses.</cd> — <col><b>Horse bot</b></col>. <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <cd>See <u>Botfly</u>, and <u>Bots</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Horse box</b></col>, <cd>a railroad car for transporting valuable horses, as hunters.</cd> [Eng.] — <col><b>Horse</b></col> <col><b>breaker or trainer</b></col>, <cd>one employed in subduing or training horses for use.</cd> — <col><b>Horse car</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>A railroad car drawn by horses. See under <u>Car</u>.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>A car fitted for transporting horses.</cd> — <col><b>Horse cassia</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>a leguminous plant (<i>Cassia Javanica</i>), bearing long pods, which contain a black, catharic pulp, much used in the East Indies as a horse medicine.</cd> — <col><b>Horse cloth</b></col>, <cd>a cloth to cover a horse.</cd> — <col><b>Horse conch</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a large, spiral, marine shell of the genus Triton. See <u>Triton</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Horse courser</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>One that runs horses, or keeps horses for racing.</cd> <i>Johnson.</i> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>A dealer in horses.</cd> [Obs.] <i>Wiseman.</i> — <col><b>Horse crab</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the Limulus; — called also <i>horsefoot</i>, <i>horsehoe crab</i>, and <i>king crab</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Horse crevall&eacute;</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the cavally.</cd> — <col><b>Horse emmet</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the horse ant.</cd> — <col><b>Horse finch</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the chaffinch.</cd> [Prov. Eng.] — <col><b>Horse gentian</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>fever root.</cd> — <col><b>Horse iron</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>a large calking iron.</cd> — <col><b>Horse latitudes</b></col>, <cd>a space in the North Atlantic famous for calms and baffling winds, being between the westerly winds of higher latitudes and the trade winds.</cd> <i>Ham. Nav. Encyc.</i> — <col><b>Horse mackrel</b></col>. <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>The common tunny (<i>Orcynus thunnus</i>), found on the Atlantic coast of Europe and America, and in the Mediterranean.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>The bluefish (<i>Pomatomus saltatrix</i>).</cd> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <cd>The scad.</cd> <sd><i>(d)</i></sd> <cd>The name is locally applied to various other fishes, as the California hake, the black candlefish, the jurel, the bluefish, etc.</cd> — <col><b>Horse marine</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>an awkward, lubbery person; one of a mythical body of marine cavalry.</cd> [Slang] — <col><b>Horse mussel</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a large, marine mussel (<i>Modiola modiolus</i>), found on the northern shores of Europe and America.</cd> — <col><b>Horse nettle</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>a coarse, prickly, American herb, the <i>Solanum Carolinense</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Horse parsley</b></col>. <i>(Bot.)</i> <cd>See <u>Alexanders</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Horse purslain</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>a coarse fleshy weed of tropical America (<i>Trianthema monogymnum</i>).</cd> — <col><b>Horse race</b></col>, <cd>a race by horses; a match of horses in running or trotting.</cd> — <col><b>Horse racing</b></col>, <cd>the practice of racing with horses.</cd> — <col><b>Horse railroad</b></col>, <cd>a railroad on which the cars are drawn by horses; — in England, and sometimes in the United States, called a <i>tramway</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Horse run</b></col> <i>(Civil Engin.)</i>, <cd>a device for drawing loaded wheelbarrows up an inclined plane by horse power.</cd> — <col><b>Horse sense</b></col>, <cd>strong common sense.</cd> [Colloq. U.S.] — <col><b>Horse soldier</b></col>, <cd>a cavalryman.</cd> — <col><b>Horse sponge</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a large, coarse, commercial sponge (<i>Spongia equina</i>).</cd> — <col><b>Horse stinger</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, a large dragon fly. [Prov. Eng.] — <col><b>Horse sugar</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>a shrub of the southern part of the United States (<i>Symplocos tinctoria</i>), whose leaves are sweet, and good for fodder.</cd> — <col><b>Horse tick</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a winged, dipterous insect (<i>Hippobosca equina</i>), which troubles horses by biting them, and sucking their blood; — called also <i>horsefly</i>, <i>horse louse</i>, and <i>forest fly</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Horse vetch</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>a plant of the genus <i>Hippocrepis</i> (<i>H. comosa</i>), cultivated for the beauty of its flowers; — called also <i>horsehoe vetch</i>, from the peculiar shape of its pods.</cd> — <col><b>Iron horse</b></col>, <cd>a locomotive.</cd> [Colloq.] — <col><b>Salt horse</b></col>, <cd>the sailor's name for salt beef.</cd> — <col><b>To look a gift horse in the mouth</b></col>, <cd>to examine the mouth of a horse which has been received as a gift, in order to ascertain his age; — hence, to accept favors in a critical and thankless spirit.</cd> <i>Lowell.</i> — <col><b>To take horse</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>To set out on horseback.</cd> <i>Macaulay.</i> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>To be covered, as a mare.</cd> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <cd>See definition 7 (above).</cd></p>

<p><hw>Horse</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Horsed</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Horsing</u>.] [AS. <i>horsion</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To provide with a horse, or with horses; to mount on, or as on, a horse.</def> "Being better <i>horsed</i>, outrode me." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To sit astride of; to bestride.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To cover, as a mare; — said of the male.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To take or carry on the back; as, the keeper, <i>horsing</i> a deer.</def> <i>S. Butler.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>To place on the back of another, or on a wooden horse, etc., to be flogged; to subject to such punishment.</def></p>

<p><hw>Horse</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To get on horseback.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shelton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Horse"back`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The back of a horse.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>An extended ridge of sand, gravel, and bowlders, in a half-stratified condition.</def> <i>Agassiz.</i></p>

<p><col><b>On horseback</b></col>, <cd>on the back of a horse; mounted or riding on a horse or horses; in the saddle.</cd></p>

<p><blockquote>The long journey was to be performed <i>on horseback</i>.</blockquote> <i>Prescott.</i> </p>

<p><hw>Horse`-chest"nut</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The large nutlike seed of a species of <i>&AElig;sculus</i> (<i>&AElig;. Hippocastanum</i>), formerly ground, and fed to horses, whence the name.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The tree itself, which was brought from Constantinople in the beginning of the sixteenth century, and is now common in the temperate zones of both hemispheres. The native American species are called <i>buckeyes</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Horse"-drench`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A dose of physic for a horse.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The appliance by which the dose is administered.</def></p>

<p><hw>Horse"fish`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The moonfish (<i>Selene setipinnis</i>).</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The sauger.</def></p>

<p><hw>Horse"flesh`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The flesh of horses.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The Chinese eat <i>horseflesh</i> at this day.</blockquote> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Horses, generally; the qualities of a horse; as, he is a judge of <i>horseflesh</i>.</def> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><col><b>Horseflesh ore</b></col> <i>(Min.)</i>, <cd>a miner's name for bornite, in allusion to its peculiar reddish color on fresh facture.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Horse"fly`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Horseflies</b></plw> (&?;). <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any dipterous fly of the family <i>Tabanid&aelig;</i>, that stings horses, and sucks their blood.</def></p>

<p>&fist; Of these flies there are numerous species, both in Europe and America. They have a large proboscis with four sharp lancets for piercing the skin. Called also <i>breeze fly</i>. See <i>Illust.</i> under <u>Diptera</u>, and <u>Breeze fly</u>.</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The horse tick or forest fly (<i>Hippobosca</i>).</def></p>

<p><hw>Horse"foot`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Horsefeet</b></plw> (#). <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The coltsfoot.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The Limulus or horseshoe crab.</def></p>

<p><hw>Horse" Guards`</hw> (?). <i>(Mil.)</i> <def>A body of cavalry so called; esp., a British regiment, called the Royal Horse Guards, which furnishes guards of state for the sovereign.</def></p>

<p><col><b>The Horse Guards</b></col>, <cd>a name given to the former headquarters of the commander in chief of the British army, at Whitehall in London.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Horse"hair`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A hair of a horse, especially one from the mane or tail; the hairs of the mane or tail taken collectively; a fabric or tuft made of such hairs.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Horsehair worm</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the hair worm or gordius.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Horse"head`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The silver moonfish (<i>Selene vomer</i>).</def></p>

<p><hw>Horse"hide`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The hide of a horse.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Leather made of the hide of a horse.</def></p>

<p><hw>Horse"-jock`ey</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A professional rider and trainer of race horses.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A trainer and dealer in horses.</def></p>

<p><hw>Horse"knop`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Knapweed.</def></p>

<p><hw>Horse"laugh`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A loud, boisterous laugh; a guffaw.</def> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><hw>Horse"-leech`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A large blood-sucking leech (<i>H&aelig;mopsis vorax</i>), of Europe and Northern Africa. It attacks the lips and mouths of horses.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A farrier; a veterinary surgeon.</def></p>

<p><hw>Horse"-leech`er*y</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The business of a farrier; especially, the art of curing the diseases of horses.</def></p>

<p><hw>Horse"-lit`ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A carriage hung on poles, and borne by and between two horses.</def> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Horse"man</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Horsemen</b></plw> (&?;). <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A rider on horseback; one skilled in the management of horses; a mounted man.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Mil.)</i> <def>A mounted soldier; a cavalryman.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A land crab of the genus <i>Ocypoda</i>, living on the coast of Brazil and the West Indies, noted for running very swiftly.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A West Indian fish of the genus <i>Eques</i>, as the light-horseman (<i>E. lanceolatus</i>).</def></p>

<p><hw>Horse"man*ship</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The act or art of riding, and of training and managing horses; manege.</def></p>

<p><hw>Horse"mint`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A coarse American plant of the Mint family (<i>Monarda punctata</i>).</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>In England, the wild mint (<i>Mentha sylvestris</i>).</def></p>

<p><hw>Horse"nail`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A thin, pointed nail, with a heavy flaring head, for securing a horsehoe to the hoof; a horsehoe nail.</def></p>

<p><hw>Horse"play`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Rude, boisterous play.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Too much given to <i>horseplay</i> in his raillery.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Horse"pond`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A pond for watering horses.</def></p>

<p><hw>Horse" pow`er</hw> (?). <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The power which a horse exerts.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Mach.)</i> <def>A unit of power, used in stating the power required to drive machinery, and in estimating the capabilities of animals or steam engines and other prime movers for doing work. It is the power required for the performance of work at the rate of 33,000 English units of work per minute; hence, it is the power that must be exerted in lifting 33,000 pounds at the rate of one foot per minute, or 550 pounds at the rate of one foot per second, or 55 pounds at the rate of ten feet per second, etc.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The power of a draught horse, of average strength, working eight hours per day, is about four fifths of a standard <i>horse power</i>.</p>

<p><col><b>Brake horse power</b></col>, <cd>the net effective power of a prime mover, as a steam engine, water wheel, etc., in horse powers, as shown by a friction brake. See <i>Friction brake</i>, under <u>Friction</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Indicated horse power</b></col>, <cd>the power exerted in the cylinder of an engine, stated in horse powers, estimated from the diameter and speed of the piston, and the mean effective pressure upon it as shown by an indicator. See <u>Indicator</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Nominal horse power</b></col> <i>(Steam Engine)</i>, <cd>a term still sometimes used in England to express certain proportions of cylinder, but having no value as a standard of measurement.</cd></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A machine worked by a horse, for driving other machinery; a horse motor.</def></p>

<p><hw>Horse"-rad`ish</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A plant of the genus <i>Nasturtium</i> (<i>N. Armoracia</i>), allied to scurvy grass, having a root of a pungent taste, much used, when grated, as a condiment and in medicine.</def> <i>Gray.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Horse-radish tree</b></col>. <i>(Bot.)</i> <cd>See <u>Moringa</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Horse"rake`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A rake drawn by a horse.</def></p>

<p><hw>Horse"shoe`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A shoe for horses, consisting of a narrow plate of iron in form somewhat like the letter <sansserif>U</sansserif>, nailed to a horse's hoof.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Anything shaped like a horsehoe.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The Limulus or horsehoe crab.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Horsehoe head</b></col> <i>(Med.)</i>, <cd>an old name for the condition of the skull in children, in which the sutures are too open, the coronal suture presenting the form of a horsehoe.</cd> <i>Dunglison.</i> — <col><b>Horsehoe magnet</b></col>, <cd>an artificial magnet in the form of a horsehoe.</cd> — <col><b>Horsehoe nail</b></col>. <cd>See <u>Horsenail</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Horsehoe nose</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a bat of the genus <i>Rhinolophus</i>, having a nasal fold of skin shaped like a horsehoe.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Horse"shoe`ing</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The act or employment of shoeing horses.</def></p>

<p><hw>Horse"sho`er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who shoes horses.</def></p>

<p><hw>Horse"tail`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A leafless plant, with hollow and rushlike stems. It is of the genus <i>Equisetum</i>, and is allied to the ferns. See <i>Illust.</i> of <u>Equisetum</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A Turkish standard, denoting rank.</def></p>

<p>&fist; Commanders are distinguished by the number of <i>horsetails</i> carried before them. Thus, the sultan has seven, the grand vizier five, and the pashas three, two, or one.</p>

<p><col><b>Shrubby horsetail</b></col>. <i>(Bot.)</i> <cd>See <u>Joint-fir</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Horse"weed`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A composite plant (<i>Erigeron Canadensis</i>), which is a common weed.</def></p>

<p><hw>Horse"whip`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A whip for horses.</def></p>

<p><hw>Horse"whip`</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To flog or chastise with a horsewhip.</def></p>

<p><hw>Horse"wom`an</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Horsewomen</b></plw> (&?;). <def>A woman who rides on horseback.</def></p>

<p><hw>Horse"wood`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A West Indian tree (<i>Calliandra latifolia</i>) with showy, crimson blossoms.</def></p>

<p><hw>Horse"worm`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The larva of a botfly.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hors"i*ness</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The condition or quality of being a horse; that which pertains to a horse.</def> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Fondness for, or interest in, horses.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hors"ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Horselike.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hors"y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pertaining to, or suggestive of, a horse, or of horse racing; as, <i>horsy</i> manners; garments of fantastically <i>horsy</i> fashions.</def> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><hw>Hor*ta"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>hortatio</i>, fr. <i>hortari</i> to incite, exhort, fr. <i>hori</i> to urge.] <def>The act of exhorting, inciting, or giving advice; exhortation.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Hor"ta*tive</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>hortativus</i>.] <def>Giving exhortation; advisory; exhortative.</def> <i>Bullokar.</i></p>

<p><! p. 708 !></p>

<p><hw>Hor"ta*tive</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>An exhortation.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Hor"ta*to*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>hortatorius</i>.] <def>Giving exhortation or advise; encouraging; exhortatory; inciting; as, a <i>hortatory</i> speech.</def> <i>Holland.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hor*ten"sial</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>hortensius</i>, <i>hortensis</i>, fr. <i>hortus</i> garden; akin to E. <i>yard</i> an inclosure.] <def>Fit for a garden.</def> [Obs.] <i>Evelyn.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hor"ti*cul`tor</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. L. <i>hortus</i> garden + <i>cultor</i> a cultivator, <i>colere</i> to cultivate.] <def>One who cultivates a garden.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hor`ti*cul"tur*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>horticultural</i>.] <def>Of or pertaining to horticulture, or the culture of gardens or orchards.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hor"ti*cul`ture</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>hortus</i> garden + <i>cultura</i> culture: cf. F. <i>horticulture</i>. See <u>Yard</u> an inclosure, and <u>Culture</u>.] <def>The cultivation of a garden or orchard; the art of cultivating gardens or orchards.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hor`ti*cul"tur*ist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who practices horticulture.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hor"tu*lan</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>hortulanus</i>; <i>hortus</i> garden.] <def>Belonging to a garden.</def> [Obs.] <i>Evelyn.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Hor"tus sic"cus</hw> (?). [L., a dry garden.] <def>A collection of specimens of plants, dried and preserved, and arranged systematically; an herbarium.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hort"yard</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>An orchard.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Ho*san"na</hw> (h&osl;*z&abreve;n"n&adot;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Hosannas</b></plw> (- n&adot;z). [Gr. &?;, fr. Heb. <i>h&omacr;sh&imacr;'&amacr;h nn&amacr;</i>save now, save, we pray, <i>h&omacr;sh&imacr;a'</i> to save (Hiphil, a causative form, of <i>y&amacr;sha'</i>) + <i>n&amacr;</i>, a particle.] <def>A Hebrew exclamation of praise to the Lord, or an invocation of blessings.</def> "<i>Hosanna</i> to the Highest." <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Hosanna</i> to the Son of David.</blockquote> <i>Matt. xxi. 9.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hose</hw> (h&omacr;z), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Hose</b></plw>, formerly <plw><b>Hosen</b></plw> (h&omacr;"z'n). [AS. <i>hose</i>; akin to D. <i>hoos</i>, G. <i>hose</i> breeches, OHG. <i>hosa</i>, Icel. <i>hosa</i> stocking, gather, Dan. <i>hose</i> stocking; cf. Russ. <i>koshulia</i> a fur jacket.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Close-fitting trousers or breeches, as formerly worn, reaching to the knee.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>These men were bound in their coats, their <i>hosen</i>, and their hats, and their other garments.</blockquote> <i>Dan. iii. 21.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>His youthful <i>hose</i>, well saved, a world too wide<BR> For his shrunk shank.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Covering for the feet and lower part of the legs; a stocking or stockings.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A flexible pipe, made of leather, India rubber, or other material, and used for conveying fluids, especially water, from a faucet, hydrant, or fire engine.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Hose carriage</b></col>, <col><b>cart</b></col>, or <col><b>truck</b></col>, <cd>a wheeled vehicle fitted for conveying hose for extinguishing fires.</cd> — <col><b>Hose company</b></col>, <cd>a company of men appointed to bring and manage hose in the extinguishing of fires.</cd> [U.S.] — <col><b>Hose coupling</b></col>, <cd>coupling with interlocking parts for uniting hose, end to end.</cd> — <col><b>Hose wrench</b></col>, <cd>a spanner for turning hose couplings, to unite or disconnect them.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Ho"sen</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Hose</u>.</def> [Archaic]</p>

<p><hw>Ho"sier</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who deals in hose or stocking, or in goods knit or woven like hose.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ho"sier*y</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The business of a hosier.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Stockings, in general; goods knit or woven like hose.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hos"pice</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., fr. L. <i>hospitium</i> hospitality, a place where strangers are entertained, fr. <i>hospes</i> stranger, guest. See <u>Host</u> a landlord.] <def>A convent or monastery which is also a place of refuge or entertainment for travelers on some difficult road or pass, as in the Alps; as, the <i>Hospice</i> of the Great St. Bernard.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hos"pi*ta*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. OF. <i>hospitable</i>, LL. <i>hospitare</i> to receive as a guest. See <u>Host</u> a landlord.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Receiving and entertaining strangers or guests with kindness and without reward; kind to strangers and guests; characterized by hospitality.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Proceeding from or indicating kindness and generosity to guests and strangers; as, <i>hospitable</i> rites.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>To where you taper cheers the vale<BR> With <i>hospitable</i> ray.</blockquote> <i>Goldsmith.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hos"pi*ta*ble*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality of being hospitable; hospitality.</def> <i>Barrow.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hos"pi*ta*bly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a hospitable manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hos"pi*tage</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [LL. <i>hospitagium</i>, for L. <i>hospitium</i>. See <u>Hospice</u>.] <def>Hospitality.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hos"pi*tal</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>hospital</i>, <i>ospital</i>, F. <i>h&ocirc;pital</i>, LL. <i>hospitale</i> (or perh. E. <i>hospital</i> is directly from the Late Latin), from L. <i>hospitalis</i> relating to a guest, <i>hospitalia</i> apartments for guests, fr. <i>hospes</i> guest. See <u>Host</u> a landlord, and cf. <u>Hostel</u>, <u>Hotel</u>, <u>Spital</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A place for shelter or entertainment; an inn.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A building in which the sick, injured, or infirm are received and treated; a public or private institution founded for reception and cure, or for the refuge, of persons diseased in body or mind, or disabled, infirm, or dependent, and in which they are treated either at their own expense, or more often by charity in whole or in part; a tent, building, or other place where the sick or wounded of an army cared for.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Hospital ship</b></col>, <cd>a vessel fitted up for a floating hospital.</cd> — <col><b>Hospital Sunday</b></col>, <cd>a Sunday set apart for simultaneous contribution in churches to hospitals; as, the London <i>Hospital Sunday</i>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Hos"pi*tal</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>hospitalis</i>: cf. OF. <i>hospital</i>.] <def>Hospitable.</def> [Obs.] <i>Howell.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hos"pi*tal*er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Written also <i>hospitaller</i>.] [F. <i>hospitalier</i>. See <u>Hospital</u>, and cf. <u>Hostler</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One residing in a hospital, for the purpose of receiving the poor, the sick, and strangers.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>One of an order of knights who built a hospital at Jerusalem for pilgrims, <u>A. D.</u> 1042. They were called <i>Knights of St. John of Jerusalem</i>, and after the removal of the order to Malta, <i>Knights of Malta</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hos"pi*tal*ism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>A vitiated condition of the body, due to long confinement in a hospital, or the morbid condition of the atmosphere of a hospital.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hos`pi*tal"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Hospitalities</b></plw> (#). [L. <i>hospitalitas</i>: cf. F. <i>hospitalit&eacute;</i>.] <def>The act or practice of one who is hospitable; reception and entertainment of strangers or guests without reward, or with kind and generous liberality.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Given to <i>hospitality</i>.</blockquote> <i>Rom. xii. 13.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>And little recks to find the way to heaven<BR> By doing deeds of <i>hospitality</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hos"pi*tal*ize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>To render (a building) unfit for habitation, by long continued use as a hospital.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hos"pi*tate</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [L. <i>hospitatus</i>, p. p. of <i>hospitari</i> to be a guest, fr. <i>hospes</i> guest.] <def>To receive hospitality; to be a guest.</def> [Obs.] <i>Grew.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hos"pi*tate</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To receive with hospitality; to lodge as a guest.</def> [Obs.] <i>Cockeram.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Hos*pi"ti*um</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. See <u>Hospice</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>An inn; a lodging; a hospice.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Law)</i> <def>An inn of court.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Hos"po*dar`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [A Slav. word; cf. Russ. <i>gospodare</i> lord, master.] <def>A title borne by the princes or governors of Moldavia and Wallachia before those countries were united as Roumania.</def></p>

<p><hw>Host</hw> (h&omacr;st), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [LL. <i>hostia</i> sacrifice, victim, from <i>hostire</i> to strike.] <i>(R. C. Ch.)</i> <def>The consecrated wafer, believed to be the body of Christ, which in the Mass is offered as a sacrifice; also, the bread before consecration.</def></p>

<p>&fist; In the Latin Vulgate the word was applied to the Savior as being an offering for the sins of men.</p>

<p><hw>Host</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>host</i>, <i>ost</i>, OF. <i>host</i>, <i>ost</i>, fr. L. <i>hostis</i> enemy, LL., army. See <u>Guest</u>, and cf. <u>Host</u> a landlord.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>An army; a number of men gathered for war.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A <i>host</i> so great as covered all the field.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Any great number or multitude; a throng.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>And suddenly there was with the angel a multitude of the heavenly <i>host</i> praising God.</blockquote> <i>Luke ii. 13.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>All at once I saw a crowd,<BR> A <i>host</i>, of golden daffodils.</blockquote> <i>Wordsworth.</i></p>

<p><hw>Host</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>host</i>, <i>ost</i>, OF. <i>hoste</i>, <i>oste</i>, F. <i>h&ocirc;te</i>, from L. <i>hospes</i> a stranger who is treated as a guest, he who treats another as his guest, a hostl prob. fr. <i>hostis</i> stranger, enemy (akin to E. <i>guest</i> a visitor) + <i>potis</i> able; akin to Skr. <i>pati</i> master, lord. See <u>Host</u> an army, <u>Possible</u>, and cf. <u>Hospitable</u>, <u>Hotel</u>.] <def>One who receives or entertains another, whether gratuitously or for compensation; one from whom another receives food, lodging, or entertainment; a landlord.</def> <i>Chaucer.</i> "Fair <i>host</i> and Earl." <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Time is like a fashionable <i>host</i>,<BR> That slightly shakes his parting guest by the hand.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Host</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To give entertainment to.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Host</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To lodge at an inn; to take up entertainment.</def> [Obs.] "Where you shall <i>host</i>." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hos"tage</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>hostage</i>, OF. <i>hostage</i>, <i>ostage</i>, F. <i>&ocirc;tage</i>, LL. <i>hostaticus</i>, <i>ostaticum</i>, for <i>hospitaticum</i>, fr. L. <i>hospes</i> guest, host. The first meaning is, the state of a guest, hospitality; hence, the state of a hostage (treated as a guest); and both these meanings occur in Old French. See <u>Host</u> a landlord.] <def>A person given as a pledge or security for the performance of the conditions of a treaty or stipulations of any kind, on the performance of which the person is to be released.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Your <i>hostages</i> I have, so have you mine;<BR> And we shall talk before we fight.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>He that hath a wife and children hath given <i>hostages</i> to fortune.</blockquote> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hos"tel</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>hostel</i>, <i>ostel</i>, OF. <i>hostel</i>, <i>ostel</i>, LL. <i>hospitale</i>, <i>hospitalis</i>, fr. L. <i>hospitalis</i>. See <u>Hospital</u>, and cf. <u>Hotel</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>An inn.</def> [Archaic] <i>Poe.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>So pass I <i>hostel</i>, hall, and grange.</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A small, unendowed college in Oxford or Cambridge.</def> [Obs.] <i>Holinshed.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hos"tel*er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Hostel</u>, and cf. <u>Hostler</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The keeper of a hostel or inn.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A student in a hostel, or small unendowed collede in Oxford or Cambridge.</def> [Obs.] <i>Fuller.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hos"tel*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>hostelrie</i>, <i>hostelrye</i>, <i>ostelrie</i>, OF. <i>hostelerie</i>, fr. <i>hostel</i>. See <u>Hostel</u>.] <def>An inn; a lodging house.</def> [Archaic] <i>Chaucer.</i> "Homely brought up in a rude <i>hostelry</i>." <i>B. Jonson.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Come with me to the <i>hostelry</i>.</blockquote> <i>Longfellow.</i></p>

<p><hw>Host"ess</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>hostesse</i>, <i>ostesse</i>. See <u>Host</u> a landlord.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A female host; a woman who hospitably entertains guests at her house.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A woman who entertains guests for compensation; a female innkeeper.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Host"ess-ship</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The character, personality, or office of a hostess.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hos"tie</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. See 1st <u>Host</u>.] <def>The consecrated wafer; the host.</def> [Obs.] <i>Bp. Burnet.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hos"tile</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>hostilis</i>, from <i>hostis</i> enemy: cf. F. <i>hostile</i>. See <u>Host</u> an army.] <def>Belonging or appropriate to an enemy; showing the disposition of an enemy; showing ill will and malevolence, or a desire to thwart and injure; occupied by an enemy or enemies; inimical; unfriendly; as, a <i>hostile</i> force; <i>hostile</i> intentions; a <i>hostile</i> country; <i>hostile</i> to a sudden change.</def></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Warlike; inimical; unfriendly; antagonistic; opposed; adverse; opposite; contrary; repugnant.</p>

<p><hw>Hos"tile</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>An enemy; esp., an American Indian in arms against the whites; — commonly in the plural.</def> [Colloq.] <i>P. H. Sheridan.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hos"tile*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a hostile manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hos*til"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Hostilities</b></plw> (#). [L. <i>hostilitas</i>: cf. F. <i>hostilit&eacute;</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>State of being hostile; public or private enemy; unfriendliness; animosity.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Hostility</i> being thus suspended with France.</blockquote> <i>Hayward.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>An act of an open enemy; a hostile deed; especially in the plural, acts of warfare; attacks of an enemy.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>We have showed ourselves generous adversaries . . . and have carried on even our <i>hostilities</i> with humanity.</blockquote> <i>Atterbury.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>He who proceeds to wanton <i>hostility</i>, often provokes an enemy where he might have a friend.</blockquote> <i>Crabb.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Animosity; enmity; opposition; violence; aggression; contention; warfare.</p>

<p><hw>Hos"til*ize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To make hostile; to cause to become an enemy.</def> [Obs.] <i>A. Seward.</i></p>

<p><hw>Host"ing</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From <u>Host</u> an army.] [Obs.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>An encounter; a battle.</def> "Fierce <i>hosting</i>." <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A muster or review.</def> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hos"tler</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>hosteler</i>, <i>osteler</i>, innkeeper, OF. <i>hostelier</i>, F. <i>h&ocirc;telier</i>. See <u>Hostel</u>, and cf. <u>Hospitaler</u>, <u>Hosteler</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>An innkeeper. [Obs.] See <u>Hosteler</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The person who has the care of horses at an inn or stable; hence, any one who takes care of horses; a groom; - - so called because the innkeeper formerly attended to this duty in person.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Railroad)</i> <def>The person who takes charge of a locomotive when it is left by the engineer after a trip.</def></p>

<p><hw>Host"less</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Inhospitable.</def> [Obs.] "A <i>hostless</i> house." <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Host"ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>hosterie</i>, <i>osterie</i>, OF. <i>hosterie</i>. See <u>Host</u> a landlord.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A hostelry; an inn or lodging house.</def> [Obs.] <i>Marlowe.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A stable for horses.</def> [Obs.] <i>Johnson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hot</hw> (?), <def><pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> of <u>Hote</u>.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hot</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<pos><i>Compar.</i></pos> <u>Hotter</u> (?); <pos><i>superl.</i></pos> <u>Hottest</u> (?).] [OE. <i>hot</i>, <i>hat</i>, AS. <i>h&amacr;t</i>; akin to OS. <i>h&emacr;t</i>, D. <i>heet</i>, OHG. <i>heiz</i>, G. <i>heiss</i>, Icel. <i>heitr</i>, Sw. <i>het</i>, Dan. <i>heed</i>, <i>hed</i>; cf. Goth. <i>heit&omacr;</i> fever, <i>hais</i> torch. Cf. <u>Heat</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Having much sensible heat; exciting the feeling of warmth in a great degree; very warm; — opposed to <i>cold</i>, and exceeding <i>warm</i> in degree; as, a <i>hot</i> stove; <i>hot</i> water or air.</def> "A <i>hot</i>venison pasty." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Characterized by heat, ardor, or animation; easily excited; firely; vehement; passionate; violent; eager.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Achilles is impatient, <i>hot</i>, and revengeful.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>There was mouthing in <i>hot</i> haste.</blockquote> <i>Byron.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Lustful; lewd; lecherous.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Acrid; biting; pungent; as, <i>hot</i> as mustard.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Hot bed</b></col> <i>(Iron Manuf.)</i>, <cd>an iron platform in a rolling mill, on which hot bars, rails, etc., are laid to cool.</cd> — <col><b>Hot wall</b></col> <i>(Gardening)</i>, <cd>a wall provided with flues for the conducting of heat, to hasten the growth of fruit trees or the ripening of fruit.</cd> — <col><b>Hot well</b></col> <i>(Condensing Engines)</i>, <cd>a receptacle for the hot water drawn from the condenser by the air pump. This water is returned to the boiler, being drawn from the hot well by the feed pump.</cd> — <col><b>In hot water</b></col> (Fig.), <cd>in trouble; in difficulties.</cd> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Burning; fiery; fervid; glowing; eager; animated; brisk; vehement; precipitate; violent; furious; ardent; fervent; impetuous; irascible; passionate; hasty; excitable.</p>

<p><hw>Hot"bed`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Gardening)</i> <def>A bed of earth heated by fermenting manure or other substances, and covered with glass, intended for raising early plants, or for nourishing exotics.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A place which favors rapid growth or development; as, a <i>hotbed</i> of sedition.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hot" blast`</hw> (?). <def>See under <u>Blast</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hot"-blood`ed</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having hot blood; excitable; high-spirited; irritable; ardent; passionate.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hot"-brained`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Ardent in temper; violent; rash; impetuous; as, <i>hot-brained</i> youth.</def> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Hotch"pot`</hw> (?), <hw>Hotch"potch`</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>hochepot</i>, fr. <i>hocher</i> to shake + <i>pot</i> pot; both of Dutch or German origin; cf. OD. <i>hutspot</i> hotchpotch, D. <i>hotsen</i>, <i>hutsen</i>, to shake. See <u>Hustle</u>, and <u>Pot</u>, and cf. <u>Hodgepodge</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A mingled mass; a confused mixture; a stew of various ingredients; a hodgepodge.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A mixture or <i>hotchpotch</i> of many tastes.</blockquote> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Law)</i> <def>A blending of property for equality of division, as when lands given in frank-marriage to one daughter were, after the death of the ancestor, blended with the lands descending to her and to her sisters from the same ancestor, and then divided in equal portions among all the daughters. In modern usage, a mixing together, or throwing into a common mass or stock, of the estate left by a person deceased and the amounts advanced to any particular child or children, for the purpose of a more equal division, or of equalizing the shares of all the children; the property advanced being accounted for at its value when given.</def> <i>Bouvier. Tomlins.</i></p>

<p>&fist; This term has been applied in cases of salvage. <i>Story</i>. It corresponds in a measure with <i>collation</i> in the civil and Scotch law. See <u>Collation</u>. <i>Bouvier. Tomlins.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hot"coc`kles</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Hot</i> + <i>cockle</i>, <i>cockle</i> being perh. corrupt. fr. <i>knuckle</i>. Cf. F. <i>main chaude</i> (lit., hot hand) hotcockles.] <def>A childish play, in which one covers his eyes, and guesses who strikes him or his hand placed behind him.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hote</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t. & i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>pres. & imp.</i></pos> <u>Hatte</u> (?), <u>Hot</u> (&?;), etc.; <pos><i>p. p.</i></pos> <u>Hote</u>, <u>Hoten</u> (&?;), <u>Hot</u>, etc. See <u>Hight</u>, <u>Hete</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To command; to enjoin.</def> [Obs.] <i>Piers Plowman.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To promise.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To be called; to be named.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>There as I was wont to <i>hote</i> Arcite,<BR> Now hight I Philostrate, not worth a mite.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ho*tel"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>h&ocirc;tel</i>, OF. <i>hostel</i>. See <u>Hostel</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A house for entertaining strangers or travelers; an inn or public house, of the better class.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>In France, the mansion or town residence of a person of rank or wealth.</def></p>

<p><hw>||H&ocirc;tel`-de-ville"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F.] <def>A city hall or townhouse.</def></p>

<p><hw>||H&ocirc;tel`-Dieu"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F.] <def>A hospital.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hot"en</hw> (?), <def><pos><i>p. p.</i></pos> of <u>Hote</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hot"foot`</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In haste; foothot.</def> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><hw>Hot"-head`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A violent, passionate person; a hasty or impetuous person; as, the rant of a <i>hot-head</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hot"-head`ed</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Fiery; violent; rash; hasty; impetuous; vehement.</def> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hot"house`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A house kept warm to shelter tender plants and shrubs from the cold air; a place in which the plants of warmer climates may be reared, and fruits ripened.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A bagnio, or bathing house.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A brothel; a bagnio.</def> [Obs.] <i>B. Jonson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Pottery)</i> <def>A heated room for drying green ware.</def></p>

<p><! p. 709 !></p>

<p><hw>Hot"-liv`ered</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of an excitable or irritable temperament; irascible.</def> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hot"ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> [From <u>Hot</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>In a hot or fiery manner; ardently; vehemently; violently; hastily; as, a <i>hotly</i> pursued.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>In a lustful manner; lustfully.</def> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hot"-mouthed`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Headstrong.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>That <i>hot-mouthed</i> beast that bears against the curb.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hot"ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The quality or state of being hot.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Heat or excitement of mind or manner; violence; vehemence; impetuousity; ardor; fury.</def> <i>M. Arnold.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hot"press`</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To apply heat to, in conjunction with mechanical pressure, for the purpose of giving a smooth and glossy surface, or to express oil, etc.; as, to <i>hotpress</i> paper, linen, etc.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hot"pressed`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pressed while heat is applied. See <u>Hotpress</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos></def></p>

<p><hw>Hot"-short`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Metal.)</i> <def>More or less brittle when heated; as, <i>hot-short</i> iron.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hot"-spir`it*ed</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having a fiery spirit; hot-headed.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hot"spur`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Hot</i> + <i>spur</i>.] <def>A rash, hot-headed man.</def> <i>Holinshed.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Hot"spur`</hw>, <hw>Hot"spurred`</hw> (?) }, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Violent; impetuous; headstrong.</def> <i>Spenser. Peacham.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hot"ten*tot</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [D. <i>Hottentot</i>; — so called from <i>hot</i> and <i>tot</i>, two syllables of frequent occurrence in their language. <i>Wedgwood.</i>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Ethnol.)</i> <def>One of a degraded and savage race of South Africa, with yellowish brown complexion, high cheek bones, and wooly hair growing in tufts.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The language of the Hottentots, which is remarkable for its clicking sounds.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Hottentot cherry</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>a South African plant of the genus <i>Cassine</i> (<i>C. maurocenia</i>), having handsome foliage, with generally inconspicuous white or green flowers.</cd> <i>Loudon.</i> — <col><b>Hottentot's bread</b></col>. <i>(Bot.)</i> <cd>See <i>Elephant's foot</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd>, under <u>Elephant</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Hot"ten*tot*ism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A term employed to describe one of the varieties of stammering.</def> <i>Tylor.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hou"dah</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Howdah</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hough</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Hock</u>, a joint.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hough</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Houghed</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Houghing</u>.] <def>Same as <u>Hock</u>, to hamstring.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hough</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. D. <i>hak</i>. Cf. <u>Hack</u>.] <def>An adz; a hoe.</def> [Obs.] <i>Bp. Stillingfleet.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hough</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To cut with a hoe.</def> [Obs.] <i>Johnson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hou"let</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>An owl. See <u>Howlet</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hoult</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A piece of woodland; a small wood. [Obs.] See <u>Holt</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hound</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>hound</i>, <i>hund</i>, dog, AS. <i>hund</i>; akin to OS. & OFries. <i>hund</i>, D. <i>hond</i>, G. <i>hund</i>, OHG. <i>hunt</i>, Icel. <i>hundr</i>, Dan. & Sw. <i>hund</i>, Goth. <i>hunds</i>, and prob. to Lith. <i>sz&?;</i>, Ir. & Gael. <i>cu</i>, L. <i>canis</i>, Gr. &?;, &?;, Skr. <i>&ccedil;van</i>. &radic;229. Cf. <u>Canine</u>, <u>Cynic</u>, <u>Kennel</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A variety of the domestic dog, usually having large, drooping ears, esp. one which hunts game by scent, as the foxhound, bloodhound, deerhound, but also used for various breeds of fleet hunting dogs, as the greyhound, boarhound, etc.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Hounds</i> and greyhounds, mongrels, spaniels, curs.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A despicable person.</def> "Boy! false <i>hound</i>!" <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A houndfish.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>pl.</i> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>Projections at the masthead, serving as a support for the trestletrees and top to rest on.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>A side bar used to strengthen portions of the running gear of a vehicle.</def></p>

<p><col><b>To follow the hounds</b></col>, <cd>to hunt with hounds.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Hound</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Hounded</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Hounding</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To set on the chase; to incite to pursuit; as, to <i>hound</i>a dog at a hare; to <i>hound</i> on pursuers.</def> <i>Abp. Bramhall.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To hunt or chase with hounds, or as with hounds.</def> <i>L'Estrange.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hound"fish</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any small shark of the genus <i>Galeus</i> or <i>Mustelus</i>, of which there are several species, as the smooth houndfish (<i>G. canis</i>), of Europe and America; — called also <i>houndshark</i>, and <i>dogfish</i>.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The European nursehound, or small-spotted dogfish, is <i>Scyllium canicula</i>; the rough houndfish, or large-spotted dogfish, is <i>S. catulus</i>. The name has also sometimes been applied to the bluefish (<i>Pomatomus saltatrix</i>), and to the silver gar.</p>

<p><hw>Hound"ing</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of one who hounds.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>The part of a mast below the hounds and above the deck.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hound's"-tongue`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>hundes tunge</i>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A biennial weed (<i>Cynoglossum officinale</i>), with soft tongue-shaped leaves, and an offensive odor. It bears nutlets covered with barbed or hooked prickles. Called also <i>dog's-tongue</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Houp</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>See <u>Hoopoe</u>.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Hour</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>hour</i>, <i>our</i>, <i>hore</i>, <i>ure</i>, OF. <i>hore</i>, <i>ore</i>, <i>ure</i>, F. <i>heure</i>, L. <i>hora</i>, fr. Gr. &?;, orig., a definite space of time, fixed by natural laws; hence, a season, the time of the day, an hour. See <u>Year</u>, and cf. <u>Horologe</u>, <u>Horoscope</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The twenty-fourth part of a day; sixty minutes.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The time of the day, as expressed in hours and minutes, and indicated by a timepiece; as, what is the <i>hour</i>? At what <i>hour</i> shall we meet?</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Fixed or appointed time; conjuncture; a particular time or occasion; as, the <i>hour</i> of greatest peril; the man for the <i>hour</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Woman, . . . mine <i>hour</i> is not yet come.</blockquote> <i>John ii. 4.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>This is your <i>hour</i>, and the power of darkness.</blockquote> <i>Luke xxii. 53.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>pl.</i> <i>(R. C. Ch.)</i> <def>Certain prayers to be repeated at stated times of the day, as matins and vespers.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>A measure of distance traveled.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Vilvoorden, three <i>hours</i> from Brussels.</blockquote> <i>J. P. Peters.</i></p>

<p><col><b>After hours</b></col>, <cd>after the time appointed for one's regular labor.</cd> — <col><b>Canonical hours</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Canonical</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Hour angle</b></col> <i>(Astron.)</i>, <cd>the angle between the hour circle passing through a given body, and the meridian of a place.</cd> — <col><b>Hour circle</b></col>. <i>(Astron.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>Any circle of the sphere passing through the two poles of the equator; esp., one of the circles drawn on an artificial globe through the poles, and dividing the equator into spaces of 15&deg;, or one hour, each.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>A circle upon an equatorial telescope lying parallel to the plane of the earth's equator, and graduated in hours and subdivisions of hours of right ascension.</cd> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <cd>A small brass circle attached to the north pole of an artificial globe, and divided into twenty- four parts or hours. It is used to mark differences of time in working problems on the globe.</cd> — <col><b>Hour hand</b></col>, <cd>the hand or index which shows the hour on a timepiece.</cd> — <col><b>Hour line</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <i>(Astron.)</i> <cd>A line indicating the hour.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <i>(Dialing)</i> <cd>A line on which the shadow falls at a given hour; the intersection of an hour circle which the face of the dial.</cd> — <col><b>Hour plate</b></col>, <cd>the plate of a timepiece on which the hours are marked; the dial.</cd> <i>Locke.</i> — <col><b>Sidereal hour</b></col>, <cd>the twenty-fourth part of a sidereal day.</cd> — <col><b>Solar hour</b></col>, <cd>the twenty- fourth part of a solar day.</cd> — <col><b>The small hours</b></col>, <cd>the early hours of the morning, as one o'clock, two o'clock, etc.</cd> — <col><b>To keep good hours</b></col>, <cd>to be regular in going to bed early.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Hour"glass`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>An instrument for measuring time, especially the interval of an hour. It consists of a glass vessel having two compartments, from the uppermost of which a quantity of sand, water, or mercury occupies an hour in running through a small aperture unto the lower.</def></p>

<p>&fist; A similar instrument measuring any other interval of time takes its name from the interval measured; as, a <i>half-hour glass</i>, a <i>half-minute glass</i>. A <i>three-minute glass</i> is sometimes called an <i>egg-glass</i>, from being used to time the boiling of eggs.</p>

<p><hw>Hou"ri</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Houris</b></plw> (#). [Per. <i>h&umacr;r&imacr;</i>, <i>h&umacr;r&amacr;</i>, <i>h&umacr;r</i>; akin to Ar. <i>h&umacr;r</i>, pl. of <i>ahwar</i> beautiful-eyed, black-eyed.] <def>A nymph of paradise; — so called by the Mohammedans.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hour"ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Happening or done every hour; occurring hour by hour; frequent; often repeated; renewed hour by hour; continual.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>In <i>hourly</i> expectation of a martyrdom.</blockquote> <i>Sharp.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hour"ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>Every hour; frequently; continually.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Great was their strife, which <i>hourly</i> was renewed.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hours</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [A translation of L. <i>Horae</i> (Gr. &?;). See <u>Hour</u>.] <i>(Myth.)</i> <def>Goddess of the seasons, or of the hours of the day.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Lo! where the rosy-blosomed <i>Hours</i>,<BR> Fair Venus' train, appear.</blockquote> <i>Gray.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hous"age</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From <u>House</u>.] <def>A fee for keeping goods in a house.</def> [R.] <i> Chambers.</i></p>

<p><hw>House</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Houses</b></plw> (#). [OE. <i>hous</i>, <i>hus</i>, AS. <i>h&?;s</i>; akin to OS. & OFries. <i>h&?;s</i>, D. <i>huis</i>, OHG. <i>h&?;s</i>, G. <i>haus</i>, Icel. <i>h&?;s</i>, Sw. <i>hus</i>, Dan. <i>huus</i>, Goth. gud<i>h&?;s</i>, house of God, temple; and prob. to E. <i>hide</i> to conceal. See <u>Hide</u>, and cf. <u>Hoard</u>, <u>Husband</u>, <u>Hussy</u>, <u>Husting</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A structure intended or used as a habitation or shelter for animals of any kind; but especially, a building or edifice for the habitation of man; a dwelling place, a mansion.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Houses</i> are built to live in; not to look on.</blockquote> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Bees with smoke and doves with noisome stench<BR> Are from their hives and <i>houses</i> driven away.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Household affairs; domestic concerns; particularly in the phrase <i>to keep house</i>. See below.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Those who dwell in the same house; a household.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>One that feared God with all his <i>house</i>.</blockquote> <i>Acts x. 2.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>A family of ancestors, descendants, and kindred; a race of persons from the same stock; a tribe; especially, a noble family or an illustrious race; as, the <i>house</i> of Austria; the <i>house</i> of Hanover; the <i>house</i> of Israel.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The last remaining pillar of their <i>house</i>,<BR> The one transmitter of their ancient name.</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>One of the estates of a kingdom or other government assembled in parliament or legislature; a body of men united in a legislative capacity; as, the <i>House</i> of Lords; the <i>House</i> of Commons; the <i>House</i> of Representatives; also, a quorum of such a body. See <u>Congress</u>, and <u>Parliament</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <i>(Com.)</i> <def>A firm, or commercial establishment.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <def>A public house; an inn; a hotel.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>8.</b></sn> <i>(Astrol.)</i> <def>A twelfth part of the heavens, as divided by six circles intersecting at the north and south points of the horizon, used by astrologers in noting the positions of the heavenly bodies, and casting horoscopes or nativities. The houses were regarded as fixed in respect to the horizon, and numbered from the one at the eastern horizon, called the <i>ascendant</i>, <i>first house</i>, or <i>house of life</i>, downward, or in the direction of the earth's revolution, the stars and planets passing through them in the reverse order every twenty- four hours.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>9.</b></sn> <def>A square on a chessboard, regarded as the proper place of a piece.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>10.</b></sn> <def>An audience; an assembly of hearers, as at a lecture, a theater, etc.; as, a thin or a full <i>house</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>11.</b></sn> <def>The body, as the habitation of the soul.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>This mortal <i>house</i> I'll ruin,<BR> Do C&aelig;sar what he can.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>12.</b></sn> [With an adj., as <i>narrow</i>, <i>dark</i>, etc.] <def>The grave.</def> "The narrow <i>house</i>." <i>Bryant.</i></p>

<p>&fist; <i>House</i> is much used adjectively and as the first element of compounds. The sense is usually obvious; as, <i>house</i> cricket, <i>house</i>maid, <i>house</i> painter, <i>house</i>work.</p>

<p><col><b>House ant</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a very small, yellowish brown ant (<i>Myrmica molesta</i>), which often infests houses, and sometimes becomes a great pest.</cd> — <col><b>House of bishops</b></col> <i>(Prot. Epis. Ch.)</i>, <cd>one of the two bodies composing a general convertion, the other being House of Clerical and Lay Deputies.</cd> — <col><b>House boat</b></col>, <cd>a covered boat used as a dwelling.</cd> — <col><b>House of call</b></col>, <cd>a place, usually a public house, where journeymen connected with a particular trade assemble when out of work, ready for the <i>call</i> of employers.</cd> [Eng.] <i>Simonds.</i> — <col><b>House car</b></col> <i>(Railroad)</i>, <cd>a freight car with inclosing sides and a roof; a box car.</cd> — <col><b>House of correction</b></col>. <cd>See <u>Correction</u>.</cd> — <col><b>House cricket</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a European cricket (<i>Gryllus domesticus</i>), which frequently lives in houses, between the bricks of chimneys and fireplaces. It is noted for the loud chirping or stridulation of the males.</cd> — <col><b>House dog</b></col>, <cd>a dog kept in or about a dwelling house.</cd> — <col><b>House finch</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the burion.</cd> — <col><b>House flag</b></col>, <cd>a flag denoting the commercial house to which a merchant vessel belongs.</cd> — <col><b>House fly</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a common fly (esp. <i>Musca domestica</i>), which infests houses both in Europe and America. Its larva is a maggot which lives in decaying substances or excrement, about sink drains, etc.</cd> — <col><b>House of God</b></col>, <cd>a temple or church.</cd> — <col><b>House of ill fame</b></col>. <cd>See <i>Ill fame</i> under <u>Ill</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos></cd> — <col><b>House martin</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a common European swallow (<i>Hirundo urbica</i>). It has feathered feet, and builds its nests of mud against the walls of buildings. Called also <i>house swallow</i>, and <i>window martin</i>.</cd> — <col><b>House mouse</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the common mouse (<i>Mus musculus</i>).</cd> — <col><b>House physician</b></col>, <cd>the resident medical adviser of a hospital or other public institution.</cd> — <col><b>House snake</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the milk snake.</cd> — <col><b>House sparrow</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the common European sparrow (<i>Passer domesticus</i>). It has recently been introduced into America, where it has become very abundant, esp. in cities. Called also <i>thatch sparrow</i>.</cd> — <col><b>House spider</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>any spider which habitually lives in houses. Among the most common species are <i>Theridium tepidariorum</i> and <i>Tegenaria domestica</i>.</cd> — <col><b>House surgeon</b></col>, <cd>the resident surgeon of a hospital.</cd> — <col><b>House wren</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the common wren of the Eastern United States (<i>Troglodytes a&euml;don</i>). It is common about houses and in gardens, and is noted for its vivacity, and loud musical notes. See <u>Wren</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Religious house</b></col>, <cd>a monastery or convent.</cd> — <col><b>The White House</b></col>, <cd>the official residence of the President of the United States; — hence, colloquially, the office of President.</cd> — <col><b>To bring down the house</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Bring</u>.</cd> — <col><b>To keep house</b></col>, <cd>to maintain an independent domestic establishment.</cd> — <col><b>To keep open house</b></col>, <cd>to entertain friends at all times.</cd></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Dwelling; residence; abode. See <u>Tenement</u>.</p>

<p><hw>House</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Housed</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Housing</u>.] [AS. <i>h&?;sian</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To take or put into a house; to shelter under a roof; to cover from the inclemencies of the weather; to protect by covering; as, to <i>house</i> one's family in a comfortable home; to <i>house</i> farming utensils; to <i>house</i> cattle.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>At length have <i>housed</i> me in a humble shed.</blockquote> <i>Young.</i></p>

<p><blockquote><i>House</i> your choicest carnations, or rather set them under a penthouse.</blockquote> <i>Evelyn.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To drive to a shelter.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To admit to residence; to harbor.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Palladius wished him to <i>house</i> all the Helots.</blockquote> <i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To deposit and cover, as in the grave.</def> <i>Sandys.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>To stow in a safe place; to take down and make safe; as, to <i>house</i> the upper spars.</def></p>

<p><hw>House</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To take shelter or lodging; to abide to dwell; to lodge.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>You shall not <i>house</i> with me.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Astrol.)</i> <def>To have a position in one of the houses. See <u>House</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, 8.</def> "Where Saturn <i>houses</i>." <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>House"bote`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>House</i> + <i>bote</i>.] <i>(Law)</i> <def>Wood allowed to a tenant for repairing the house and for fuel. This latter is often called <i>firebote</i>. See <u>Bote</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>House"break`er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who is guilty of the crime of housebreaking.</def></p>

<p><hw>House"break`ing</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The act of breaking open and entering, with a felonious purpose, the dwelling house of another, whether done by day or night. See <u>Burglary</u>, and <i>To break a house</i>, under <u>Break</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>House"build`er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One whose business is to build houses; a housewright.</def></p>

<p><hw>House"carl`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>huscarle</i>. See <u>House</u>, and <u>Carl</u>.] <i>(Eng. Arch&aelig;ol.)</i> <def>A household servant; also, one of the bodyguard of King Canute.</def></p>

<p><hw>House"hold`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Those who dwell under the same roof and compose a family.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>And calls, without affecting airs,<BR> His <i>household</i> twice a day to prayers.</blockquote> <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A line of ancestory; a race or house.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>House"hold`</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Belonging to the house and family; domestic; as, <i>household</i> furniture; <i>household</i> affairs.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Household bread</b></col>, <cd>bread made in the house for common use; hence, bread that is not of the finest quality.</cd> [Obs.] — <col><b>Household gods</b></col> <i>(Rom. Antiq.)</i>, <cd>the gods presiding over the house and family; the <i>Lares</i> and <i>Penates</i>; hence, all objects endeared by association with home.</cd> — <col><b>Household troops</b></col>, <cd>troops appointed to attend and guard the sovereign or his residence.</cd></p>

<p><hw>House"hold`er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The master or head of a family; one who occupies a house with his family.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Towns in which almost every <i>householder</i> was an English Protestant.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Compound householder</b></col>. <cd>See <u>Compound</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos></cd></p>

<p><! p. 710 !></p>

<p><hw>House"keep`er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who occupies a house with his family; a householder; the master or mistress of a family.</def> <i>Locke.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>One who does, or oversees, the work of keeping house; as, his wife is a good <i>housekeeper</i>; often, a woman hired to superintend the servants of a household and manage the ordinary domestic affairs.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>One who exercises hospitality, or has a plentiful and hospitable household.</def> [Obs.] <i>Sir H. Wotton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>One who keeps or stays much at home.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>You are manifest <i>housekeeper</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>A house dog.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>House"keep`ing</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The state of occupying a dwelling house as a householder.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Care of domestic concerns; management of a house and home affairs.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Hospitality; a liberal and hospitable table; a supply of provisions.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Tell me, softly and hastily, what's in the pantry?<BR> Small <i>housekeeping</i> enough, said Ph&oelig;be.</blockquote> <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><hw>House"keep`ing</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Domestic; used in a family; as, <i>housekeeping</i> commodities.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hou"sel</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>housel</i>, <i>husel</i>, AS. <i>h&umacr;sel</i>; akin to Icel. <i>h&umacr;sl</i>, Goth. <i>hunsl</i> a sacrifice.] <def>The eucharist.</def> [Archaic] <i>Rom. of R.</i> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hou"sel</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [AS. <i>h&umacr;slian</i>.] <def>To administer the eucharist to.</def> [Archaic] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>House"leek`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>House</i> + <i>leek</i>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A succulent plant of the genus <i>Sempervivum</i> (<i>S. tectorum</i>), originally a native of subalpine Europe, but now found very generally on old walls and roofs. It is very tenacious of life under drought and heat; — called also <i>ayegreen</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>House"less</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Destitute of the shelter of a house; shelterless; homeless; as, a <i>houseless</i> wanderer.</def></p>

<p><hw>House"less*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The state of being houseless.</def></p>

<p><hw>House"line`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>A small line of three strands used for seizing; — called also <i>housing</i>.</def> <i>Totten.</i></p>

<p><hw>House"ling`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Housling</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>House"maid`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A female servant employed to do housework, esp. to take care of the rooms.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Housemaid's knee</b></col> <i>(Med.)</i>, <cd>a swelling over the knee, due to an enlargement of the bursa in the front of the kneepan; — so called because frequently occurring in servant girls who work upon their knees.</cd></p>

<p><hw>House"mate`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who dwells in the same house with another.</def> <i>R. Browning.</i></p>

<p><hw>House"room`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Room or place in a house; as, to give any one <i>houseroom</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>House"warm`ing</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A feast or merry-making made by or for a family or business firm on taking possession of a new house or premises.</def> <i>Johnson.</i></p>

<p><hw>House"wife`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>House</i> + <i>wife.</i> Cf. <u>Hussy</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The wife of a householder; the mistress of a family; the female head of a household.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>He a good husband, a good <i>housewife</i> she.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> (Usually pronounced &?;.) [See <u>Hussy</u>, in this sense.] <def>A little case or bag for materials used in sewing, and for other articles of female work; — called also <i>hussy</i>.</def> [Written also <i>huswife</i>.] <i>P. Skelton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A hussy.</def> [R.] [Usually written <i>huswife</i>.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Sailor's housewife</b></col>, <cd>a ditty-bag.</cd></p>

<p>{ <hw>House"wife`</hw> (?), <hw>House"wive`</hw> (?), } <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To manage with skill and economy, as a housewife or other female manager; to economize.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Conferred those moneys on the nuns, which since they have well <i>housewived</i>.</blockquote> <i>Fuller.</i></p>

<p><hw>House"wife`ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pertaining or appropriate to a housewife; domestic; economical; prudent.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A good sort of woman, ladylike and <i>housewifely</i>.</blockquote> <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><hw>House"wif`er*y</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The business of the mistress of a family; female management of domestic concerns.</def></p>

<p><hw>House"work`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The work belonging to housekeeping; especially, kitchen work, sweeping, scrubbing, bed making, and the like.</def></p>

<p><hw>House"wright`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A builder of houses.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hous"ing</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From <u>House</u>. In some of its senses this word has been confused with the following word.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of putting or receiving under shelter; the state of dwelling in a habitation.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>That which shelters or covers; houses, taken collectively.</def> <i>Fabyan.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Arch.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The space taken out of one solid, to admit the insertion of part of another, as the end of one timber in the side of another.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A niche for a statue.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Mach.)</i> <def>A frame or support for holding something in place, as journal boxes, etc.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <i>(Naut.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>That portion of a mast or bowsprit which is beneath the deck or within the vessel.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A covering or protection, as an awning over the deck of a ship when laid up.</def> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <def>A houseline. See <u>Houseline</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hous"ing</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From <u>Houss</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A cover or cloth for a horse's saddle, as an ornamental or military appendage; a saddlecloth; a horse cloth; in plural, trappings.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>An appendage to the hames or collar of a harness.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hous"ling</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See <u>Housel</u>.] <def>Sacramental; as, <i>housling</i> fire.</def> [R.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Houss</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>housse</i>, LL. <i>hulcia</i>, fr. OHG. <i>hulst</i>; akin to E. <i>holster</i>. See <u>Holster</u>, and cf. 2d <u>Housing</u>.] <def>A saddlecloth; a housing.</def> [Obs.] <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Hou"tou</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From its note.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A beautiful South American motmot.</def> <i>Waterton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Houve</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>h&umacr;fe</i>.] <def>A head covering of various kinds; a hood; a coif; a cap.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hou*yhnhnm"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One of the race of horses described by Swift in his imaginary travels of Lemuel Gulliver. The Houyhnhnms were endowed with reason and noble qualities; subject to them were Yahoos, a race of brutes having the form and all the worst vices of men.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hove</hw> (?), <def><pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> of <u>Heave</u>.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Hove short</b></col>, <col><b>Hove to</b></col>. <cd>See <i>To heave a cable short</i>, <i>To heave a ship to</i>, etc., under <u>Heave</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Hove</hw>, <pos><i>v. i. & t.</i></pos> <def>To rise; to swell; to heave; to cause to swell.</def> [Obs. or Scot.] <i>Holland. Burns.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hove</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [OE. <i>hoven</i>. See <u>Hover</u>.] <def>To hover around; to loiter; to lurk.</def> [Obs.] <i>Gower.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hov"el</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>hovel</i>, <i>hovil</i>, prob. a dim. fr. AS. <i>hof</i> house; akin to D. & G. <i>hof</i> court, yard, Icel. <i>hof</i> temple; cf. Prov. E. <i>hove</i> to take shelter, <i>heuf</i> shelter, home.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>An open shed for sheltering cattle, or protecting produce, etc., from the weather.</def> <i>Brande & C.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A poor cottage; a small, mean house; a hut.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Porcelain Manuf.)</i> <def>A large conical brick structure around which the firing kilns are grouped.</def> <i>Knight.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hov"el</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Hoveled</u> (?) or <u>Hovelled</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Hoveling</u> or <u>Hovelling</u>.] <def>To put in a hovel; to shelter.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>To <i>hovel</i> thee with swine, and rogues forlon.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The poor are <i>hoveled</i> and hustled together.</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hov"el*er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who assists in saving life and property from a wreck; a coast boatman.</def> [Written also <i>hoveller</i>.] [Prov. Eng.] <i>G. P. R. James.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hov"el*ing</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A method of securing a good draught in chimneys by covering the top, leaving openings in the sides, or by carrying up two of the sides higher than the other two.</def> [Written also <i>hovelling</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Ho"ven</hw> (?), obs. or archaic <def><pos><i>p. p.</i></pos> of <u>Heave</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ho"ven</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Affected with the disease called <i>hoove</i>; as, <i>hoven</i> cattle.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hov"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Etymol. doubtful.] <def>A cover; a shelter; a protection.</def> [Archaic] <i>Carew.</i> <i>C. Kingsley.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hov"er</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Hovered</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Hovering</u>.] [OE. <i>hoveren</i>, and <i>hoven</i>, prob. orig., to abide, linger, and fr. AS. <i>hof</i> house; cf. OFries. <i>hovia</i> to receive into one's house. See <u>Hovel</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To hang fluttering in the air, or on the wing; to remain in flight or floating about or over a place or object; to be suspended in the air above something.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Great flights of birds are <i>hovering</i> about the bridge, and settling on it.</blockquote> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>A <i>hovering</i> mist came swimming o'er his sight.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To hang about; to move to and fro near a place, threateningly, watchfully, or irresolutely.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Agricola having sent his navy to <i>hover</i> on the coast.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Hovering</i> o'er the paper with her quill.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hov"er*er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A device in an incubator for protecting the young chickens and keeping them warm.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hov"er-hawk`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The kestrel.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hov"er*ing*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a hovering manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>How</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> [OE. <i>how</i>, <i>hou</i>, <i>hu</i>, <i>hwu</i>, AS. <i>h&?;</i>, from the same root as <i>hw&amacr;</i>, <i>hw&aelig;t</i>, who, what, pron. interrog.; akin to OS. <i>hw&omacr;</i>w, D. <i>hoe</i>, cf. G. <i>wie</i> how, Goth. <i>hw&emacr;</i> wherewith, <i>hwaiwa</i> how. &radic;182. See <u>Who</u>, and cf. <u>Why</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>In what manner or way; by what means or process.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>How</i> can a man be born when he is old?</blockquote> <i>John iii. 4.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To what degree or extent, number or amount; in what proportion; by what measure or quality.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>O, <i>how</i> love I thy law! it is my meditation all the day.</blockquote> <i>Ps. cxix. 97.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>By <i>how</i> much they would diminish the present extent of the sea, so much they would impair the fertility, and fountains, and rivers of the earth.</blockquote> <i>Bentley.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>For what reason; from what cause.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>How</i> now, my love! why is your cheek so pale?</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>In what state, condition, or plight.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>How</i>, and with what reproach, shall I return?</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>By what name, designation, or title.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>How</i> art thou called?</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>At what price; how dear.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote><i>How</i> a score of ewes now?</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p>&fist; <i>How</i> is used in each sense, interrogatively, interjectionally, and relatively; it is also often employed to emphasize an interrogation or exclamation. "<i>How</i> are the mighty fallen!" <i>2 Sam. i. 27.</i> Sometimes, also, it is used as a noun; — as, the <i>how</i>, the when, the wherefore. <i>Shelley.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Let me beg you — don't say "<i>How</i>?" for "What?"</blockquote> <i>Holmes.</i></p>

<p><hw>||How*adj"i</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Ar.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A traveler.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A merchant; — so called in the East because merchants were formerly the chief travelers.</def></p>

<p><hw>How*be"it</hw> (?), <pos><i>conj.</i></pos> [<i>How</i> + <i>be</i> + <i>it</i>.] <def>Be it as it may; nevertheless; notwithstanding; although; albeit; yet; but; however.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The Moor — <i>howbeit</i> that I endure him not -<BR> Is of a constant, loving, noble nature.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>How"dah</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Ar. <i>hawdaj</i>.] <def>A seat or pavilion, generally covered, fastened on the back of an elephant, for the rider or riders.</def> [Written also <i>houdah</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>How"dy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Scot., also <i>houdy- </i> wife. Of uncertain origin; cf. OSw. <i>jordgumma</i>; or perh. fr. E. <i>how d'ye</i>.] <def>A midwife.</def> [Prov. Eng.]</p>

<p><hw>How"el</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A tool used by coopers for smoothing and chamfering rheir work, especially the inside of casks.</def></p>

<p><hw>How"el</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To smooth; to plane; as, to <i>howel</i> a cask.</def></p>

<p><hw>How"ell</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The upper stage of a porcelian furnace.</def></p>

<p><hw>How*ev"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> [Sometimes contracted into <i>howe'er</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>In whetever manner, way, or degree.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>However</i> yet they me despise and spite.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Howe'er</i> the business goes, you have made fault.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>At all events; at least; in any case.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Our chief end is to be freed from all, if it may be, <i>however</i> from the greatest evils.</blockquote> <i>Tillotson.</i></p>

<p><hw>How*ev"er</hw>, <pos><i>conj.</i></pos> <def>Nevertheless; notwithstanding; yet; still; though; as, I shall not oppose your design; I can not, <i>however</i>, approve of it.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>In your excuse your love does little say;<BR> You might <i>howe'er</i> have took a better way.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — <u>However</u>, <u>At least</u>, <u>Nevertheless</u>, <u>Yet</u>. These words, as here compared, have an adversative sense in reference to something referred to in the context. <i>However</i> is the most general, and leads to a final conclusion or decision. Thus we say, the truth, <i>however</i>, has not yet fully come out; <i>i.e.</i>, such is the speaker's conclusion in view of the whole case. So also we say, <i>however</i>, you may rely on my assistance to that amount; <i>i. e.</i>, at all events, whatever may happen, this is my final decision. <i>At least</i> is adversative in another way. It points out the utmost concession that can possibly be required, and still marks the adversative conclusion; as, <i>at least</i>, this must be done; whatever may be our love of peace, we must <i>at least</i> maintain the rights of conscience. <i>Nevertheless</i> denotes that though the concession be fully made, it has no bearing of the question; as, <i>nevertheless</i>, we must go forward. <i>Yet</i> signifies that however extreme the supposition or fact comceded may be, the consequence which might naturally be expected does not and will not follow; as, though I should die with thee, <i>yet</i> will I not deny thee; though he slay me, <i>yet</i> will I trust in him. Cf. <u>But</u>.</p>

<p><hw>How"itz</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A howitzer.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>How"itz*er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [G. <i>haubitze</i>, formerly <i>hauffnitz</i>, Bohem. <i>haufnice</i>, orig., a sling.] <i>(Mil.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A gun so short that the projectile, which was hollow, could be put in its place by hand; a kind of mortar.</def> [Obs.] <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A short, light, largebore cannon, usually having a chamber of smaller diameter than the rest of the bore, and intended to throw large projectiles with comparatively small charges.</def></p>

<p><hw>How"ker</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Hooker</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Howl</hw> (houl), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Howled</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Howling</u>.] [OE. <i>houlen</i>, <i>hulen</i>; akin to D. <i>huilen</i>, MHG. <i>hiulen</i>, <i>hiuweln</i>, OHG. <i>hiuwil&omacr;n</i> to exult, <i>h&?;wo</i> owl, Dan. <i>hyle</i> to howl.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To utter a loud, protracted, mournful sound or cry, as dogs and wolves often do.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>And dogs in corners set them down to <i>howl</i>.</blockquote> <i>Drayton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Methought a legion of foul fiends<BR> Environ'd me about, and <i>howled</i> in my ears.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To utter a sound expressive of distress; to cry aloud and mournfully; to lament; to wail.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Howl</i> ye, for the day of the Lord is at hand.</blockquote> <i>Is. xiii. 6.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To make a noise resembling the cry of a wild beast.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Wild <i>howled</i> the wind.</blockquote> <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Howling monkey</b></col>. <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <cd>See <u>Howler</u>, 2.</cd> — <col><b>Howling wilderness</b></col>, <cd>a wild, desolate place inhabited only by wild beasts.</cd> <i>Deut. xxxii. 10.</i></p>

<p><hw>Howl</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To utter with outcry.</def> "Go . . . <i>howl</i> it out in deserts." <i>Philips.</i></p>

<p><hw>Howl</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The protracted, mournful cry of a dog or a wolf, or other like sound.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A prolonged cry of distress or anguish; a wail.</def></p>

<p><hw>Howl"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who howls.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any South American monkey of the genus <i>Mycetes</i>. Many species are known. They are arboreal in their habits, and are noted for the loud, discordant howling in which they indulge at night.</def></p>

<p><hw>Howl"et</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Equiv. to <i>owlet</i>, influenced by <i>howl</i>: cf. F. <i>hulotte</i>, OHG. <i>h&?;wela</i>, <i>hiuwela</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>An owl; an owlet.</def> [Written also <i>houlet</i>.] <i>R. Browning.</i></p>

<p><hw>Howp</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To cry out; to whoop.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>How"so</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>Howsoever.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>How`so*ev"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>adj. & conj.</i></pos> [<i>How</i> + <i>so</i> + <i>ever</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>In what manner soever; to whatever degree or extent; however.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I am glad he's come, <i>howsoever</i> he comes.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Although; though; however.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Howve</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A hood. See <u>Houve</u>.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Hox</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [See <u>Hock</u>. &radic;12.] <def>To hock; to hamstring. See <u>Hock</u>.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hoy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [D. <i>heu</i>, or Flem. <i>hui</i>.] <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>A small coaster vessel, usually sloop-rigged, used in conveying passengers and goods from place to place, or as a tender to larger vessels in port.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>hoy</i> went to London every week.</blockquote> <i>Cowper.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hoy</hw>, <pos><i>interj.</i></pos> [D. <i>hui</i>. Cf. <u>Ahoy</u>.] <def>Ho! Halloe! Stop!</def></p>

<p><hw>Hoy"den</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Hoiden</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hoy"man</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Hoymen</b></plw> (&?;). <def>One who navigates a hoy.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A common <i>hoyman</i> to carry goods by water for hire.</blockquote> <i>Hobart.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Hua*na"co</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>See <u>Guanaco</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hub</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See 1st <u>Hob</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The central part, usually cylindrical, of a wheel; the nave. See <i>Illust.</i> of <u>Axle box</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The hilt of a weapon.</def> <i>Halliwell.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A rough protuberance or projecting obstruction; as, a <i>hub</i> in the road. [U.S.] See <u>Hubby</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>A goal or mark at which quoits, etc., are cast.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <i>(Diesinking)</i> <def>A hardened, engraved steel punch for impressing a device upon a die, used in coining, etc.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>A screw hob. See <u>Hob</u>, 3.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <def>A block for scotching a wheel.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Hub plank</b></col> <i>(Highway Bridges)</i>, <cd>a horizontal guard plank along a truss at the height of a wagon-wheel hub.</cd> — <col><b>Up to the hub</b></col>, <cd>as far as possible in embarrassment or difficulty, or in business, like a wheel sunk in mire; deeply involved.</cd> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><hw>Hub"ble-bub`ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A tobacco pipe, so arranged that the smoke passes through water, making a bubbling noise, whence its name. In India, the bulb containing the water is often a cocoanut shell.</def></p>

<p><! p. 711 !></p>

<p><hw>Hub"bub</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. <u>Whoobub</u>, <u>Whoop</u>, <u>Hoop</u>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos>] <def>A loud noise of many confused voices; a tumult; uproar.</def> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>This <i>hubbub</i> of unmeaning words.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hub"by</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Full of hubs or protuberances; as, a road that has been frozen while muddy is <i>hubby</i>.</def> [U.S.]</p>

<p><hw>H&uuml;b"ner</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [After <i>H&uuml;bner</i>, who analyzed it.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>A mineral of brownish black color, occurring in columnar or foliated masses. It is native manganese tungstate.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>||Huch</hw> (?), <hw>||Hu"chen</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [G.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A large salmon (<i>Salmo, or Salvelinus, hucho</i>) inhabiting the Danube; — called also <i>huso</i>, and <i>bull trout</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Huck</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [See <u>Hawk</u> to offer for sale, <u>Huckster</u>.] <def>To higgle in trading.</def> [Obs.] <i>Holland.</i></p>

<p><hw>Huck"a*back</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Perh. orig., peddler's wares; cf. LG. <i>hukkebak</i> pickback. Cf. <u>Huckster</u>.] <def>A kind of linen cloth with raised figures, used for towelings.</def></p>

<p><hw>Huc"kle</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Perh. dim. of Prov. E. <i>huck</i>a hook, and so named from its round shape. See <u>Hook</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The hip; the haunch.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A bunch or part projecting like the hip.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Huckle bone</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>The hip bone; the innominate bone.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>A small bone of the ankle; astragalus.</cd> [R.] <i>Udall.</i></p>

<p><hw>Huc"kle-backed`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Round- shoulded.</def></p>

<p><hw>Huc"kle*ber`ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. <u>Whortleberry</u>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The edible black or dark blue fruit of several species of the American genus <i>Gaylussacia</i>, shrubs nearly related to the blueberries (<i>Vaccinium</i>), and formerly confused with them. The commonest huckelberry comes from <i>G. resinosa</i>.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The shrub that bears the berries. Called also whortleberry.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Squaw huckleberry</b></col>. <cd>See <u>Deeberry</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Huck"ster</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>hukstere</i>, <i>hukster</i>, OD. <i>heukster</i>, D. <i>heuker</i>; akin to D. <i>huiken</i> to stoop, bend, OD. <i>huycken</i>, <i>huken</i>, G. <i>hocken</i>, to squat, Icel. <i>h&?;ka</i>; — the peddler being named from his stooping under the load on his back. Cf. <u>Hawk</u> to offer for sale.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A retailer of small articles, of provisions, and the like; a peddler; a hawker.</def> <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A mean, trickish fellow.</def> <i>Bp. Hall.</i></p>

<p><hw>Huck"ster</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Huckstered</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Huckstering</u>.] <def>To deal in small articles, or in petty bargains.</def> <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><hw>Huck"ster*age</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The business of a huckster; small dealing; peddling.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Ignoble <i>huckster</i> age of piddling tithes.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Huck"ster*er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A huckster.</def> <i>Gladstone.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Those <i>huckster</i>ers or money- jobbers.</blockquote> <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><hw>Huck"stress</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A female huckster.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hud</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. <u>Hood</u> a covering.] <def>A huck or hull, as of a nut.</def> [Prov. Eng.] <i>Wright.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hud"dle</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Huddled</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Huddling</u> (?).] [Cf. OE. <i>hoderen</i>, <i>hodren</i>, to cover, keep, warm; perh. akin to OE. <i>huden</i>, <i>hiden</i>, to hide, E. <i>hide</i>, and orig. meaning, to get together for protection in a safe place. Cf. <u>Hide</u> to conceal.] <def>To press together promiscuously, from confusion, apprehension, or the like; to crowd together confusedly; to press or hurry in disorder; to crowd.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The cattle <i>huddle</i>d on the lea.</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Huddling</i> together on the public square . . . like a herd of panic-struck deer.</blockquote> <i>Prescott.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hud"dle</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To crowd (things) together to mingle confusedly; to assemble without order or system.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Our adversary, <i>huddling</i> several suppositions together, . . . makes a medley and confusion.</blockquote> <i>Locke.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To do, make, or put, in haste or roughly; hence, to do imperfectly; — usually with a following preposition or adverb; as, to <i>huddle on</i>; to <i>huddle up</i>; to <i>huddle together</i>.</def> "<i>Huddle</i> up a peace." <i>J. H. Newman.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Let him forescat his work with timely care,<BR> Which else is <i>huddled</i> when the skies are fair.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Now, in all haste, they <i>huddle</i> on<BR> Their hoods, their cloaks, and get them gone.</blockquote> <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hud"dle</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A crowd; a number of persons or things crowded together in a confused manner; tumult; confusion.</def> "A <i>huddle</i> of ideas." <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hud"dler</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who huddles things together.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hudge</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Mining)</i> <def>An iron bucket for hoisting coal or ore.</def> <i>Raymond.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hu`di*bras"tic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Similar to, or in the style of, the poem "<i>Hudibras</i>," by Samuel Butler; in the style of doggerel verse.</def> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hud*so"ni*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to Hudson's Bay or to the Hudson River; as, the <i>Hudsonian</i> curlew.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hue</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>hew</i>, <i>heow</i>, color, shape, form, AS. <i>hiw</i>, <i>heow</i>; akin to Sw. <i>hy</i> skin, complexion, Goth. <i>hiwi</i> form, appearance.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Color or shade of color; tint; dye.</def> "Flowers of all <i>hue</i>." <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Hues</i> of the rich unfolding morn.</blockquote> <i>Keble.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Painting)</i> <def>A predominant shade in a composition of primary colors; a primary color modified by combination with others.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hue</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>hue</i>, <i>huer</i>, to hoot, shout, prob. fr. OF. <i>hu</i> an exclamation.] <def>A shouting or vociferation.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Hue and cry</b></col> <i>(Law)</i>, <cd>a loud outcry with which felons were anciently pursued, and which all who heard it were obliged to take up, joining in the pursuit till the malefactor was taken; in later usage, a written proclamation issued on the escape of a felon from prison, requiring all persons to aid in retaking him.</cd> <i>Burrill.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hued</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having color; — usually in composition; as, bright-<i>hued</i>; many- <i>hued</i>.</def> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hue"less</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [AS. <i>hiwle&aacute;s</i>. See <u>Hue</u> color.] <def>Destitute of color.</def> <i>Hudibras.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hu"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who cries out or gives an alarm; specifically, a balker; a conder. See <u>Balker</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Huff</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Huffed</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Huffing</u>.] [Cf. OE. <i>hoove</i> to puff up, blow; prob. of imitative origin.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To swell; to enlarge; to puff up; as, <i>huffed</i> up with air.</def> <i>Grew.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To treat with insolence and arrogance; to chide or rebuke with insolence; to hector; to bully.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>You must not presume to <i>huff</i> us.</blockquote> <i>Echard.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Draughts)</i> <def>To remove from the board (the piece which could have captured an opposing piece). See <u>Huff</u>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos>, 3.</def></p>

<p><hw>Huff</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To enlarge; to swell up; as, bread <i>huffs</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To bluster or swell with anger, pride, or arrogance; to storm; to take offense.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>THis senseless arrogant conceit of theirs made them <i>huff</i> at the doctrine of repentance.</blockquote> <i>South.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Draughts)</i> <def>To remove from the board a man which could have captured a piece but has not done so; — so called because it was the habit to blow upon the piece.</def></p>

<p><hw>Huff</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A swell of sudden anger or arrogance; a fit of disappointment and petulance or anger; a rage.</def> "Left the place in a <i>huff</i>." <i>W. Irving.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A boaster; one swelled with a false opinion of his own value or importance.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Lewd, shallow-brained <i>huffs</i> make atheism and contempt of religion the sole badge . . . of wit.</blockquote> <i>South.</i></p>

<p><col><b>To take huff</b></col>, <cd>to take offence.</cd> <i>Cowper.</i></p>

<p><hw>Huff"cap`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A blusterer; a bully.</def> [Obs.] — <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Blustering; swaggering.</def> [Obs.] <i>Bp. Hall.</i></p>

<p><hw>Huff"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A bully; a blusterer.</def> <i>Hudibras.</i></p>

<p><hw>Huff"i*ness</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The state of being huffish; petulance; bad temper.</def> <i>Ld. Lytton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Huff"ing*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>Blusteringly; arrogantly.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>And <i>huffingly</i> doth this bonny Scot ride.</blockquote> <i>Old Ballad.</i></p>

<p><hw>Huff"ish</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Disposed to be blustering or arrogant; petulant.</def> — <wf>Huff"ish*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Huff"ish*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Huff"y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Puffed up; as, <i>huffy</i> bread.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Characterized by arrogance or petulance; easily offended.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hug</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Hugged</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Hugging</u>.] [Prob. of Scand. origin; cf. Dan. <i>sidde paa huk</i> to squat, Sw. <i>huka sig</i> to squat, Icel. <i>h&?;ka</i>. Cf. <u>Huckster</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To cower; to crouch; to curl up.</def> [Obs.] <i>Palsgrave.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To crowd together; to cuddle.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hug</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To press closely within the arms; to clasp to the bosom; to embrace.</def> "And <i>huggen</i> me in his arms." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To hold fast; to cling to; to cherish.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>We <i>hug</i> deformities if they bear our names.</blockquote> <i>Glanvill.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>To keep close to; as, to <i>hug</i> the land; to <i>hug</i> the wind.</def></p>

<p><col><b>To hug one's self</b></col>, <cd>to congratulate one's self; to chuckle.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Hug</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A close embrace or clasping with the arms, as in affection or in wrestling.</def> <i>Fuller.</i></p>

<p><hw>Huge</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<pos><i>Compar.</i></pos> <u>Huger</u> (?); <pos><i>superl.</i></pos> <u>Hugest</u> (?).] [OE. <i>huge</i>, <i>hoge</i>, OF. <i>ahuge</i>, <i>ahoge</i>.] <def>Very large; enormous; immense; excessive; — used esp. of material bulk, but often of qualities, extent, etc.; as, a <i>huge</i> ox; a <i>huge</i> space; a <i>huge</i> difference.</def> "The <i>huge</i> confusion." <i>Chapman.</i> "A <i>huge</i> filly." <i>Jer. Taylor.</i> — <wf>Huge"ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Huge"ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><blockquote>Doth it not flow as <i>hugely</i> as the sea.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Enormous; gigantic; colossal; immense; prodigious; vast.</p>

<p><hw>Hug"ger</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who hugs or embraces.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hug"ger</hw>, <pos><i>v. t. & i.</i></pos> <def>To conceal; to lurk ambush.</def> [Obs.] <i>Bp. Hall.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hug"ger-mug`ger</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Scot. <i>huggrie-muggrie</i>; Prov. E. <i>hugger</i> to lie in ambush, <i>mug</i> mist, <i>muggard</i> sullen.] <def>Privacy; secrecy. Commonly in the phrase <i>in hugger-mugger</i>, with haste and secrecy.</def> [Archaic]</p>

<p><blockquote>Many things have been done in <i>hugger- mugger</i>.</blockquote> <i>Fuller.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hug"ger-mug`ger</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Secret; clandestine; sly.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Confused; disorderly; slovenly; mean; as, <i>hugger-mugger</i> doings.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hug"gle</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [Freq. of <i>hug</i>.] <def>To hug.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Hu"gue*not</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., properly a dim. of <i>Hugues</i>. The name is probably derived from the Christian name (<i>Huguenot</i>) of some person conspicuous as a reformer.] <i>(Eccl. Hist.)</i> <def>A French Protestant of the period of the religious wars in France in the 16th century.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hu"gue*not*ism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>huguenotisme</i>.] <def>The religion of the Huguenots in France.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hu"gy</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Vast.</def> [Obs.] <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hu"ia bird`</hw> (?). [Native name; — so called from its cry.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A New Zealand starling (<i>Heteralocha acutirostris</i>), remarkable for the great difference in the form and length of the bill in the two sexes, that of the male being sharp and straight, that of the female much longer and strongly curved.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hui"sher</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Obs.] <def>See <u>Usher</u>.</def> <i>B. Jonson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hui"sher</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To usher.</def> [Obs.] <i>Jer. Taylor.</i></p>

<p><hw>Huke</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>huque</i>, LL. <i>huca</i>; cf. D. <i>huik</i>.] <def>An outer garment worn in Europe in the Middle Ages.</def> [Written also <i>heuk</i> and <i>hyke</i>.] [Obs.] <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hu"lan</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Uhlan</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hulch</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. <u>Hunch</u>.] <def>A hunch.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Hulch"y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Swollen; gibbous.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Hulk</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>hulke</i> a heavy ship, AS. <i>hulc</i> a light, swift ship; akin to D. <i>hulk</i> a ship of burden, G. <i>holk</i>, OHG. <i>holcho</i>; perh. fr. LL. <i>holcas</i>, Gr. &?;, prop., a ship which is towed, fr. &?; to draw, drag, tow. Cf. <u>Wolf</u>, <u>Holcad</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The body of a ship or decked vessel of any kind; esp., the body of an old vessel laid by as unfit for service.</def> "Some well- timbered <i>hulk</i>." <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A heavy ship of clumsy build.</def> <i>Skeat.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Anything bulky or unwieldly.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Shear hulk</b></col>, <cd>an old ship fitted with an apparatus to fix or take out the masts of a ship.</cd> — <col><b>The hulks</b></col>, <cd>old or dismasted ships, formerly used as prisons.</cd> [Eng.] <i>Dickens.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hulk</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [Cf. MLG. <i>holken</i> to hollow out, Sw. <i>h&aring;lka</i>.] <def>To take out the entrails of; to disembowel; as, to <i>hulk</i> a hare.</def> [R.] <i>Beau. & Fl.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Hulk"ing</hw>, <hw>Hulk"y</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Bulky; unwiedly.</def> [R.] "A huge <i>hulking</i> fellow." <i>H. Brooke.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hull</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>hul</i>, <i>hol</i>, shell, husk, AS. <i>hulu</i>; akin to G. <i>h&uuml;lle</i> covering, husk, case, <i>h&uuml;llen</i> to cover, Goth. <i>huljan</i> to cover, AS. <i>helan</i> to hele, conceal. &radic;17. See <u>Hele</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>, <u>Hell</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The outer covering of anything, particularly of a nut or of grain; the outer skin of a kernel; the husk.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> [In this sense perh. influenced by D. <i>hol</i> hold of a ship, E. <i>hold</i>.] <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>The frame or body of a vessel, exclusive of her masts, yards, sails, and rigging.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Deep in their <i>hulls</i> our deadly bullets light.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Hull down</b></col>, <cd>said of a ship so distant that her hull is concealed by the convexity of the sea.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Hull</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Hulled</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Hulling</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To strip off or separate the hull or hulls of; to free from integument; as, to <i>hull</i> corn.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To pierce the hull of, as a ship, with a cannon ball.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hull</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To toss or drive on the water, like the hull of a ship without sails.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak. Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hul`la*ba*loo"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Perh. a corruption of <i>hurly-burly</i>.] <def>A confused noise; uproar; tumult.</def> [Colloq.] <i>Thackeray.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hulled</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Deprived of the hulls.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Hulled corn</b></col>, <cd>kernels of maize prepared for food by removing the hulls.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Hull"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who, or that which, hulls; especially, an agricultural machine for removing the hulls from grain; a hulling machine.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hul*lo"</hw> (?), <pos><i>interj.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Hollo</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hull"y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having or containing hulls.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hu"lo*ist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Hyloist</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hu"lo*the*ism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Hylotheism</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hul"ver</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>hulfere</i>; prob. akin to E. <i>holly</i>.] <def>Holly, an evergreen shrub or tree.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hum</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Hummed</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Humming</u> (?).] [Of imitative origin; cf. G. <i>hummen</i>, D. <i>hommelen</i>. &radic;15.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To make a low, prolonged sound, like that of a bee in flight; to drone; to murmur; to buzz; as, a top <i>hums</i>.</def> <i>P. Fletcher.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Still <i>humming</i> on, their drowsy course they keep.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To make a nasal sound, like that of the letter <i>m</i> prolonged, without opening the mouth, or articulating; to mumble in monotonous undertone; to drone.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The cloudy messenger turns me his back,<BR> And <i>hums</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> [Cf. <u>Hum</u>, <i>interj</i>.] <def>To make an inarticulate sound, like <i>h'm</i>, through the nose in the process of speaking, from embarrassment or a affectation; to hem.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To express satisfaction by a humming noise.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Here the spectators <i>hummed</i>.</blockquote> <i>Trial of the Regicides.</i></p>

<p>&fist; Formerly the habit of audiences was to express gratification by humming and displeasure by hissing.</p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>To have the sensation of a humming noise; as, my head <i>hums</i>, — a pathological condition.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hum</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To sing with shut mouth; to murmur without articulation; to mumble; as, to <i>hum</i> a tune.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To express satisfaction with by humming.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To flatter by approving; to cajole; to impose on; to humbug.</def> [Colloq. & Low]</p>

<p><hw>Hum</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A low monotonous noise, as of bees in flight, of a swiftly revolving top, of a wheel, or the like; a drone; a buzz.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The shard-borne beetle with his drowsy <i>hums</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Any inarticulate and buzzing sound</def>; as: <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The confused noise of a crowd or of machinery, etc., heard at a distance; as, the <i>hum</i> of industry.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>But 'midst the crowd, the <i>hum</i>, the shock of men.</blockquote> <i>Byron.</i></p>

<p><sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A buzz or murmur, as of approbation.</def> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>An imposition or hoax.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> [Cf. <u>Hem</u>, <pos><i>interj.</i></pos>] <def>An inarticulate nasal sound or murmur, like <i>h'm</i>, uttered by a speaker in pause from embarrassment, affectation, etc.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>THese shrugs, these <i>hums</i> and ha's.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> [Perh. so called because strongly intoxicating.] <def>A kind of strong drink formerly used.</def> [Obs.] <i>Beau. & Fl.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Venous hum</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Venous</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Hum</hw>, <pos><i>interj.</i></pos> [Cf. <u>Hem</u>, <i>interj</i>.] <def>Ahem; hem; an inarticulate sound uttered in a pause of speech implying doubt and deliberation.</def> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hu"man</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>humanus</i>; akin to <i>homo</i> man: cf. F. <i>humain</i>. See <u>Homage</u>, and cf. <u>Humane</u>, <u>Omber</u>.] <def>Belonging to man or mankind; having the qualities or attributes of a man; of or pertaining to man or to the race of man; as, a <i>human</i> voice; <i>human</i> shape; <i>human</i> nature; <i>human</i> sacrifices.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>To err is <i>human</i>; to forgive, divine.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hu"man</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A human being.</def> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Sprung of <i>humans</i> that inhabit earth.</blockquote> <i>Chapman.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>We <i>humans</i> often find ourselves in strange position.</blockquote> <i>Prof. Wilson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hu"man*ate</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [LL. <i>humanatus</i>.] <def>Indued with humanity.</def> [Obs.] <i>Cranmer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hu*mane"</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>humanus</i>: cf. F. <i>humain</i>. See <u>Human</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Pertaining to man; human.</def> [Obs.] <i>Jer. Taylor.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Having the feelings and inclinations creditable to man; having a disposition to treat other human beings or animals with kindness; kind; benevolent.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Of an exceeding courteous and <i>humane</i> inclination.</blockquote> <i>Sportswood.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Humanizing; exalting; tending to refine.</def></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Kind; sympathizing; benevolent; mild; compassionate; gentle; tender; merciful.</p>

<p>— <wf>Hu*mane"ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Hu*mane"ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><! p. 712 !></p>

<p><hw>Hu*man"ics</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The study of human nature.</def> [R.] <i>T. W. Collins.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hu*man"i*fy</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To make human; to invest with a human personality; to incarnate.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>humanifying</i> of the divine Word.</blockquote> <i>H. B. Wilson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hu"man*ism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Human nature or disposition; humanity.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>[She] looked almost like a being who had rejected with indifference the attitude of sex for the loftier quality of abstract <i>humanism</i>.</blockquote> <i>T. Hardy.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The study of the humanities; polite learning.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hu"man*ist</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>humaniste</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One of the scholars who in the field of literature proper represented the movement of the Renaissance, and early in the 16th century adopted the name <i>Humanist</i> as their distinctive title.</def> <i>Schaff- Herzog.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>One who pursues the study of the humanities, or polite literature.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>One versed in knowledge of human nature.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hu`man*is"tic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Of or pertaining to humanity; as, <i>humanistic</i> devotion.</def> <i>Caird.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Pertaining to polite literature.</def> <i>M. Arnold.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hu*man`i*ta"ri*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Theol. & Ch. Hist.)</i> <def>Pertaining to humanitarians, or to humanitarianism; as, a <i>humanitarian</i> view of Christ's nature.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Philos.)</i> <def>Content with right affections and actions toward man; ethical, as distinguished from religious; believing in the perfectibility of man's nature without supernatural aid.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Benevolent; philanthropic.</def> [Recent]</p>

<p><hw>Hu*man`i*ta"ri*an</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From <u>Humanity</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Theol. & Ch. Hist.)</i> <def>One who denies the divinity of Christ, and believes him to have been merely human.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Philos.)</i> <def>One who limits the sphere of duties to human relations and affections, to the exclusion or disparagement of the religious or spiritual.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>One who is actively concerned in promoting the welfare of his kind; a philanthropist.</def> [Recent]</p>

<p><hw>Hu*man`i*ta"ri*an*ism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Theol. & Ch. Hist.)</i> <def>The distinctive tenet of the humanitarians in denying the divinity of Christ; also, the whole system of doctrine based upon this view of Christ.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Philos.)</i> <def>The doctrine that man's obligations are limited to, and dependent alone upon, man and the human relations.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hu`ma*ni"tian</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A humanist.</def> [Obs.] <i>B. Jonson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hu*man"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Humanities</b></plw> (#). [L. <i>humanitas</i>: cf. F. <i>humanit&eacute;</i>. See <u>Human</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The quality of being human; the peculiar nature of man, by which he is distinguished from other beings.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Mankind collectively; the human race.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>But hearing oftentimes<BR> The still, and music <i>humanity</i>.</blockquote> <i>Wordsworth.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>It is a debt we owe to <i>humanity</i>.</blockquote> <i>S. S. Smith.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>The quality of being humane; the kind feelings, dispositions, and sympathies of man; especially, a disposition to relieve persons or animals in distress, and to treat all creatures with kindness and tenderness.</def> "The common offices of <i>humanity</i> and friendship." <i>Locke.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Mental cultivation; liberal education; instruction in classical and polite literature.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Polished with <i>humanity</i> and the study of witty science.</blockquote> <i>Holland.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <i>pl.</i> (With definite article) <def>The branches of polite or elegant learning; as language, rhetoric, poetry, and the ancient classics; belles-letters.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The cultivation of the languages, literature, history, and arch&aelig;ology of Greece and Rome, were very commonly called <i>liter&aelig; humaniores</i>, or, in English, the <i>humanities</i>, . . . by way of opposition to the <i>liter&aelig; divin&aelig;</i>, or divinity. <i>G. P. Marsh.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hu*man`i*za"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The act of humanizing.</def> <i>M. Arnold.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hu"man*ize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Humanized</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Humanizing</u> (?).] [Cf. F. <i>humaniser</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To render human or humane; to soften; to make gentle by overcoming cruel dispositions and rude habits; to refine or civilize.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Was it the business of magic to <i>humanize</i> our natures with compassion?</blockquote> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To give a human character or expression to.</def> "<i>Humanized</i> divinities." <i>Caird.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>To convert into something human or belonging to man; as, to <i>humanize</i> vaccine lymph.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hu"man*ize</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To become or be made more humane; to become civilized; to be ameliorated.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>By the original law of nations, war and extirpation were the punishment of injury. <i>Humanizing</i> by degrees, it admitted slavery instead of death; a further step was the exchange of prisoners instead of slavery.</blockquote> <i>Franklin.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hu"man*i`zer</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who renders humane.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hu"man*kind`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Mankind.</def> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hu"man*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>In a human manner; after the manner of men; according to the knowledge or wisdom of men; as, the present prospects, <i>humanly</i> speaking, promise a happy issue.</def> <i>Sir W. Raleigh.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Kindly; humanely.</def> [Obs.] <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hu"man*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality or state of being human.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hu"mate</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>humus</i> the earth, ground.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A salt of humic acid.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hu*ma"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>humatio</i>, fr. <i>humare</i> to cover with earth, to inter, fr. <i>humus</i> the earth, ground. See <u>Homage</u>.] <def>Interment; inhumation.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Hum"bird`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Humming bird.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hum"ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<pos><i>Compar.</i></pos> <u>Humbler</u> (?); <pos><i>superl.</i></pos> <u>Humblest</u> (?).] [F., fr. L. <i>humilis</i> on the ground, low, fr. <i>humus</i> the earth, ground. See <u>Homage</u>, and cf. <u>Chameleon</u>, <u>Humiliate</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Near the ground; not high or lofty; not pretentious or magnificent; unpretending; unassuming; as, a <i>humble</i> cottage.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>THy <i>humble</i> nest built on the ground.</blockquote> <i>Cowley.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Thinking lowly of one's self; claiming little for one's self; not proud, arrogant, or assuming; thinking one's self ill-deserving or unworthy, when judged by the demands of God; lowly; waek; modest.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>God resisteth the proud, but giveth grace unto the <i>humble</i>.</blockquote> <i>Jas. iv. 6.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>She should be <i>humble</i> who would please.</blockquote> <i>Prior.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Without a <i>humble</i> imitation of the divine Author of our . . . religion we can never hope to be a happy nation.</blockquote> <i>Washington.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Humble plant</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>a species of sensitive plant, of the genus <i>Mimosa</i> (<i>M. sensitiva</i>).</cd> — <col><b>To eat humble pie</b></col>, <cd>to endure mortification; to submit or apologize abjectly; to yield passively to insult or humilitation; — a phrase derived from a pie made of the entrails or <i>humbles</i> of a deer, which was formerly served to servants and retainers at a hunting feast. See <u>Humbles</u>.</cd> <i>Halliwell.</i> <i>Thackeray.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hum"ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Hornless. See <u>Hummel</u>.</def> [Scot.]</p>

<p><hw>Hum"ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Humbled</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Humbling</u> (?).] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To bring low; to reduce the power, independence, or exaltation of; to lower; to abase; to humilate.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Here, take this purse, thou whom the heaven's plagues<BR> Have <i>humbled</i> to all strokes.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The genius which <i>humbled</i> six marshals of France.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To make humble or lowly in mind; to abase the pride or arrogance of; to reduce the self-sufficiently of; to make meek and submissive; — often used rexlexively.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Humble</i> yourselves therefore under the mighty hand of God, that he may exalt you.</blockquote> <i>1 Pet. v. 6.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — To abase; lower; depress; humiliate; mortify; disgrace; degrade.</p>

<p><hw>Hum"ble*bee`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>humbilbee</i>, <i>hombulbe</i>; cf. D. <i>hommel</i>, G. <i>hummel</i>, OHG. <i>humbal</i>, Dan. <i>humle</i>, Sw. <i>humla</i>; perh. akin to <i>hum</i>. &radic;15. Cf. <u>Bumblebee</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The bumblebee.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hum"ble*head`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Humble</i> + <i>-head</i>.] <def>Humble condition or estate; humility.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hum"ble*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality of being humble; humility; meekness.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hum"bler</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who, or that which, humbles some one.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hum"bles</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [See <u>Nombles</u>.] <def>Entrails of a deer.</def> [Written also <i>umbles</i>.] <i>Johnson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hum"blesse</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF.] <def>Humbleness; abasement; low obeisance.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hum"bly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>With humility; lowly.</def> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hum"bug`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Prob. fr. <i>hum</i> to impose on, deceive + <i>bug</i> a frightful object.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>An imposition under fair pretenses; something contrived in order to deceive and mislead; a trick by cajolery; a hoax.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A spirit of deception; cajolery; trickishness.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>One who deceives or misleads; a deceitful or trickish fellow; an impostor.</def> <i>Sir J. Stephen.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hum"bug`</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Humbugged</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Humbugging</u> (?).] <def>To deceive; to impose; to cajole; to hoax.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hum"bug`ger</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who humbugs.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hum"bug`ger*y</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The practice of imposition.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hum"drum`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Monotonous; dull; commonplace.</def> "A <i>humdrum</i> crone." <i>Bryant.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hum"drum`</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A dull fellow; a bore.</def> <i>B. Jonson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Monotonous and tedious routine.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Dissatisfied with <i>humdrum</i>.</blockquote> <i>The Nation.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A low cart with three wheels, drawn by one horse.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Hu*mect"</hw> (?), <hw>Hu*mec"tate</hw> (?), } <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [L. <i>humectare</i>, <i>humectatum</i>, fr. <i>humectus</i> moist, fr. <i>humere</i> to be moist: cf. F. <i>humecter</i>.] <def>To moisten; to wet.</def> [Obs.] <i>Howell.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hu*mec"tant</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>humectans</i>, p. pr.] <def>Diluent.</def> — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A diluent drink or medicine.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Hu`mec*ta"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>humectatio</i>: cf. F. <i>humectation</i>.] <def>A moistening.</def> [Obs.] <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hu*mec"tive</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Tending to moisten.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Hu"mer*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>humerus</i> the shoulder: cf. F. <i>hum&eacute;ral</i>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to the humerus, or upper part of the arm; brachial.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Humeral veil</b></col> <i>(R. C. Ch.)</i>, <cd>a long, narrow veil or scarf of the same material as the vestments, worn round the shoulders by the officiating priest or his attendant at Mass, and used to protect the sacred vessels from contact with the hands.</cd></p>

<p><hw>||Hu"me*rus</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Humeri</b></plw> (#). [L.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The bone of the brachium, or upper part of the arm or fore limb.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The part of the limb containing the humerus; the brachium.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hu"mic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>humus</i> the earth, ground: cf. F. <i>humique</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, vegetable mold; as, <i>humic</i> acid. See <u>Humin</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hu`mi*cu*ba"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>humus</i> the ground + <i>cubare</i> to lie down.] <def>The act or practice of lying on the ground.</def> [Obs.] <i>Abp. Bramhall.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hu"mid</hw> (h&umacr;"m&ibreve;d), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>humidus</i>, <i>umidus</i>, fr. <i>humere</i>, <i>umere</i>, to be moist; akin to <i>uvidus</i> moist, Gr. <grk>"ygro`s</grk>, Skr. <i>uksh</i> to wet, sprinkle, and Icel. <i>v&ouml;kr</i> moist, and perh. to E. <i>ox</i>: cf. F. <i>humide</i>.] <def>Containing sensible moisture; damp; moist; as, a <i>humid</i>air or atmosphere; somewhat wet or watery; as, <i>humid</i> earth; consisting of water or vapor.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Evening cloud, or <i>humid</i> bow.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hu*mid"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>humidit&eacute;</i>.] <def>Moisture; dampness; a moderate degree of wetness, which is perceptible to the eye or touch; — used especially of the atmosphere, or of anything which has absorbed moisture from the atmosphere, as clothing.</def></p>

<p>&fist; In hygrometrical reports (as of the United States Signal Service) complete saturation of the air is designated by <i>Humidity</i> 100, and its partial saturation by smaller numbers.</p>

<p><hw>Hu"mid*ness</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Humidity.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hu"mi*fuse</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>humus</i> ground + <i>fusus</i>, p. p. of <i>fundere</i> to spread.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Spread over the surface of the ground; procumbent.</def> <i>Gray.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hu*mil"i*ant</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>humilians</i>, p. pr. of <i>humiliare</i>.] <def>Humiliating; humbling.</def> "<i>Humiliant</i> thoughts." [R.] <i>Mrs. Browning.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hu*mil"i*ate</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Humiliated</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Humiliating</u>.] [L. <i>humiliatus</i>, p. p. of <i>humiliare</i>. See <u>Humble</u>.] <def>To reduce to a lower position in one's own eyes, or in the eyes of others; to humble; to mortify.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>We stand <i>humiliated</i> rather than encouraged.</blockquote> <i>M. Arnold.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hu*mil`i*a"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>humiliatio</i>: cf. F. <i>humiliation</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of humiliating or humbling; abasement of pride; mortification.</def> <i>Bp. Hopkins.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The state of being humiliated, humbled, or reduced to lowliness or submission.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The former was a <i>humiliation</i> of Deity; the latter a <i>humiliation</i> of manhood.</blockquote> <i>Hooker.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hu*mil"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Humilities</b></plw> (#). [OE. <i>humilite</i>, OF. <i>humilit&eacute;</i>, <i>humelit&eacute;</i>, F. <i>humilit&eacute;</i>, fr. L. <i>humiliatis</i>. See <u>Humble</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The state or quality of being humble; freedom from pride and arrogance; lowliness of mind; a modest estimate of one's own worth; a sense of one's own unworthiness through imperfection and sinfulness; self-abasement; humbleness.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Serving the Lord with all <i>humility</i> of mind.</blockquote> <i>Acts xx. 19.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>An act of submission or courtesy.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>With these <i>humilities</i> they satisfied the young king.</blockquote> <i>Sir J. Davies.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Lowliness; humbleness; meekness; modesty; diffidence. — <u>Humility</u>, <u>Modesty</u>, <u>Diffidence</u>. <i>Diffidence</i> is a distrust of our powers, combined with a fear lest our failure should be censured, since a dread of failure unconnected with a dread of censure is not usually called <i>diffidence</i>. It may be carried too far, and is not always, like modesty and humility, a virtue. <i>Modesty</i>, without supposing self-distrust, implies an unwillingness to put ourselves forward, and an absence of all over-confidence in our own powers. <i>Humility</i> consists in rating our claims low, in being willing to waive our rights, and take a lower place than might be our due. It does not require of us to underrate ourselves.</p>

<p><hw>Hu"min</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>humus</i> the earth, ground.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A bitter, brownish yellow, amorphous substance, extracted from vegetable mold, and also produced by the action of acids on certain sugars and carbohydrates; — called also <i>humic acid</i>, <i>ulmin</i>, <i>gein</i>, <i>ulmic</i> or <i>geic acid</i>, etc.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Hu*mi"ri</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From native name.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A fragrant balsam obtained from Brazilian trees of the genus <i>Humirium</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hum"ite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Named after Sir A. <i>Hume</i>.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>A mineral of a transparent vitreous brown color, found in the ejected masses of Vesuvius. It is a silicate of iron and magnesia, containing fluorine.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hum"mel</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [Cf. <u>Hamble</u>.] <def>To separate from the awns; — said of barley.</def> [Scot.]</p>

<p><hw>Hum"mel</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having no awns or no horns; as, <i>hummel</i>corn; a <i>hummel</i> cow.</def> [Scot.]</p>

<p><hw>Hum"mel*er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Written also <i>hummeller</i>.] <def>One who, or a machine which, hummels.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hum"mer</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who, or that which, hums; one who applauds by humming.</def> <i>Ainsworth.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A humming bird.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hum"ming</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Emitting a murmuring sound; droning; murmuring; buzzing.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hum"ming</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A sound like that made by bees; a low, murmuring sound; a hum.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Hummingale</b></col>, <cd>lively or strong ale.</cd> <i>Dryden.</i> — <col><b>Humming bird</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>any bird of the family <i>Trochilid&aelig;</i>, of which over one hundred genera are known, including about four hundred species. They are found only in America and are most abundant in the tropics. They are mostly of very small size, and are noted for their very brilliant colors and peculiar habit of hovering about flowers while vibrating their wings very rapidly with a humming noise. They feed both upon the nectar of flowers and upon small insects. The common humming bird or ruby-throat of the Eastern United States is <i>Trochilus colubris</i>. Several other species are found in the Western United States. See <u>Calliope</u>, and <u>Ruby-throat</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Humming-bird moth</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a hawk moth. See <i>Hawk moth</i>, under <u>Hawk</u>, the bird.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Hum"mock</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Prob. a dim. of <i>hump</i>. See <u>Hump</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A rounded knoll or hillock; a rise of ground of no great extent, above a level surface.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A ridge or pile of ice on an ice field.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Timbered land. See <u>Hammock</u>.</def> [Southern U.S.]</p>

<p><hw>Hum"mock*ing</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The process of forming hummocks in the collision of Arctic ice.</def> <i>Kane.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hum"mock*y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Abounding in hummocks.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hum"mum</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Per. or Ar. <i>hamm&amacr;n</i>.] <def>A sweating bath or place for sweating.</def> <i>Sir T. Herbert.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hu"mor</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>humour</i>, OF. <i>humor</i>, <i>umor</i>, F. <i>humeur</i>, L. <i>humor</i>, <i>umor</i>, moisture, fluid, fr. <i>humere</i>, <i>umere</i>, to be moist. See <u>Humid</u>.] [Written also <i>humour</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Moisture, especially, the moisture or fluid of animal bodies, as the chyle, lymph, etc.; as, the <i>humors</i> of the eye, etc.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The ancient physicians believed that there were four humors (the blood, phlegm, yellow bile or choler, and black bile or melancholy), on the relative proportion of which the temperament and health depended.</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>A vitiated or morbid animal fluid, such as often causes an eruption on the skin.</def> "A body full of <i>humors</i>." <i>Sir W. Temple.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>State of mind, whether habitual or temporary (as formerly supposed to depend on the character or combination of the fluids of the body); disposition; temper; mood; as, good <i>humor</i>; ill <i>humor</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Examine how your <i>humor</i> is inclined,<BR> And which the ruling passion of your mind.</blockquote> <i>Roscommon.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>A prince of a pleasant <i>humor</i>.</blockquote> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>I like not the <i>humor</i> of lying.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>pl.</i> <def>Changing and uncertain states of mind; caprices; freaks; vagaries; whims.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Is my friend all perfection, all virtue and discretion? Has he not <i>humors</i> to be endured?</blockquote> <i>South.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>That quality of the imagination which gives to ideas an incongruous or fantastic turn, and tends to excite laughter or mirth by ludicrous images or representations; a playful fancy; facetiousness.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>For thy sake I admit<BR> That a Scot may have <i>humor</i>, I'd almost said wit.</blockquote> <i>Goldsmith.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>A great deal of excellent <i>humor</i> was expended on the perplexities of mine host.</blockquote> <i>W. Irving.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Aqueous humor</b></col>, <col><b>Crystalline humor</b></col> or <col><b>lens</b></col>, <col><b>Vitreous humor</b></col>. <i>(Anat.)</i> <cd>See <u>Eye</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Out of humor</b></col>, <cd>dissatisfied; displeased; in an unpleasant frame of mind.</cd></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Wit; satire; pleasantry; temper; disposition; mood; frame; whim; fancy; caprice. See <u>Wit</u>.</p>

<p><! p. 713 !></p>

<p><hw>Hu"mor</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Humored</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Humoring</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To comply with the humor of; to adjust matters so as suit the peculiarities, caprices, or exigencies of; to adapt one's self to; to indulge by skillful adaptation; as, to <i>humor</i> the mind.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>It is my part to invent, and the musician's to <i>humor</i> that invention.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To help on by indulgence or compliant treatment; to soothe; to gratify; to please.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>You <i>humor</i> me when I am sick.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — To gratify; to indulge. See <u>Gratify</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Hu"mor*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>humoral</i>.] <def>Pertaining to, or proceeding from, the humors; as, a <i>humoral</i> fever.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Humoral pathology</b></col> <i>(Med.)</i>, <cd>the pathology, or doctrine of the nature of diseases, which attributes all morbid phenomena to the disordered condition of the fluids or humors of the body.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Hu"mor*al*ism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>The state or quality of being humoral.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>The doctrine that diseases proceed from the humors; humorism.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Hu"mor*al*ist</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who favors the humoral pathology or believes in humoralism.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hu"mor*ism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>The theory founded on the influence which the humors were supposed to have in the production of disease; Galenism.</def> <i>Dunglison.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The manner or disposition of a humorist; humorousness.</def> <i>Coleridge.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hu"mor*ist</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>humoriste</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>One who attributes diseases of the state of the humors.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>One who has some peculiarity or eccentricity of character, which he indulges in odd or whimsical ways.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He [Roger de Coverley] . . . was a great <i>humorist</i> in all parts of his life.</blockquote> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>One who displays humor in speaking or writing; one who has a facetious fancy or genius; a wag; a droll.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The reputation of wits and <i>humorists</i>.</blockquote> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hu`mor*is"tic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a humorist.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hu"mor*ize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To humor.</def> <i>Marston.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hu"mor*less</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Destitute of humor.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hu"mor*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. L. <i>humorosus</i>, <i>umorosus</i>, moist. See <u>Humor</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Moist; humid; watery.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>All founts wells, all deeps <i>humorous</i>.</blockquote> <i>Chapman.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Subject to be governed by humor or caprice; irregular; capricious; whimsical.</def> <i>Hawthorne.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Rough as a storm and <i>humorous</i> as the wind.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Full of humor; jocular; exciting laughter; playful; as, a <i>humorous</i> story or author; a <i>humorous</i> aspect.</def></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Jocose; facetious; witty; pleasant; merry.</p>

<p><hw>Hu"mor*ous*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Capriciously; whimsically.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>We resolve rashly, sillily, or <i>humorously</i>.</blockquote> <i>Calamy.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Facetiously; wittily.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hu"mor*ous*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Moodiness; capriciousness.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Facetiousness; jocularity.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hu"mor*some</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Moody; whimsical; capricious.</def> <i>Hawthorne.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The commons do not abet <i>humorsome</i>, factious arms.</blockquote> <i>Burke.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Jocose; witty; humorous.</def> <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hu"mor*some*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>Pleasantly; humorously.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hu"mor*some*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Quality of being humorsome.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hump</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. D. <i>homp</i> a lump, LG. <i>hump</i> heap, hill, stump, possibly akin to E. <i>heap</i>. Cf. <u>Hunch</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A protuberance; especially, the protuberance formed by a crooked back.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A fleshy protuberance on the back of an animal, as a camel or whale.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hump"back`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. <u>Hunchback</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A crooked back; a humped back.</def> <i>Tatler.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A humpbacked person; a hunchback.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>Any whale of the genus <i>Megaptera</i>, characterized by a hump or bunch on the back. Several species are known. The most common ones in the North Atlantic are <i>Megaptera longimana</i> of Europe, and <i>M. osphyia</i> of America; that of the California coasts is <i>M. versabilis</i>.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A small salmon (<i>Oncorhynchus gorbuscha</i>), of the northwest coast of America.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hump"backed`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having a humped back.</def></p>

<p><hw>Humped</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having a hump, as the back.</def></p>

<p><hw>Humph</hw> (?), <pos><i>interj.</i></pos> [Of imitative origin.] <def>An exclamation denoting surprise, or contempt, doubt, etc.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hump"less</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Without a hump.</def> <i>Darwin.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hump"-shoul`dered</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having high, hunched shoulders.</def> <i>Hawthorne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hump"y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Full of humps or bunches; covered with protuberances; humped.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hum"strum`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>An instrument out of tune or rudely constructed; music badly played.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hu"mu*lin</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL. <i>Humulus</i>, the genus including the hop.] <def>An extract of hops.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Hu"mus</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., the earth, ground, soil.] <def>That portion of the soil formed by the decomposition of animal or vegetable matter. It is a valuable constituent of soils.</def> <i>Graham.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hun</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>Hunni</i>, also <i>Chunni</i>, and <i>Chuni</i>; cf. AS. <i>H&?;nas</i>, <i>H&?;ne</i>, OHG. <i>H&?;ni</i>, G. <i>Hunnen</i>.] <def>One of a warlike nomadic people of Northern Asia who, in the 5th century, under Atilla, invaded and conquered a great part of Europe.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hunch</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Perh. akin to <i>huckle</i>; cf. <i>hump</i>, <i>hunch</i>, <i>bunch</i>, <i>hunk</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A hump; a protuberance.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A lump; a thick piece; as, a <i>hunch</i> of bread.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A push or thrust, as with the elbow.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hunch</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Hunched</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Hunching</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To push or jostle with the elbow; to push or thrust suddenly.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To thrust out a hump or protuberance; to crook, as the back.</def> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hunch"back`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. <u>Humpback</u>.] <def>A back with a hunch or hump; also, a hunchbacked person.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hunch"backed`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having a humped back.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hun"dred</hw> (h&ubreve;n"dr&ebreve;d), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>hundred</i>, AS. <i>hundred</i> a territorial division; <i>hund</i> hundred + a word akin to Goth. <i>ga-ra&thorn;jan</i> to count, L. <i>ratio</i> reckoning, account; akin to OS. <i>hunderod</i>, <i>hund</i>, D. <i>hondred</i>, G. <i>hundert</i>, OHG. also <i>hunt</i>, Icel. <i>hundra&eth;</i>, Dan. <i>hundrede</i>, Sw. <i>hundra</i>, <i>hundrade</i>, Goth. <i>hund</i>, Lith. <i>szimtas</i>, Russ. <i>sto</i>, W. <i>cant</i>, Ir. <i>cead</i>, L. <i>centum</i>, Gr. <grk>"ekato`s</grk>, Skr. <i>&ccedil;ata</i>. &radic;309. Cf. <u>Cent</u>, <u>Century</u>, <u>Hecatomb</u>, <u>Quintal</u>, and <u>Reason</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The product of ten multiplied by ten, or the number of ten times ten; a collection or sum, consisting of ten times ten units or objects; five score. Also, a symbol representing one hundred units, as 100 or C.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>With many <i>hundreds</i> treading on his heels.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p>&fist; The word <i>hundred</i>, as well as <i>thousand</i>, <i>million</i>, etc., often takes a plural form. We may say <i>hundreds</i>, or many <i>hundreds</i>, meaning individual objects or units, but with an ordinal numeral adjective in constructions like five <i>hundreds</i>, or eight <i>hundreds</i>, it is usually intended to consider each hundred as a separate aggregate; as, ten <i>hundreds</i> are one thousand.</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A division of a country in England, supposed to have originally contained a <i>hundred</i> families, or freemen.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Hundred court</b></col>, <cd>a court held for all the inhabitants of a hundred.</cd> [Eng.] <i>Blackstone.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hun"dred</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Ten times ten; five score; as, a <i>hundred</i> dollars.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hun"dred*er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>An inhabitant or freeholder of a hundred.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Law)</i> <def>A person competent to serve on a jury, in an action for land in the hundred to which he belongs.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>One who has the jurisdiction of a hundred; and sometimes, a bailiff of a hundred.</def> <i>Blount. Cowell.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hun"dred*fold`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A hundred times as much or as many.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He shall receive as <i>hundredfold</i> now in this time.</blockquote> <i>Mark x. 30.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hun"dredth</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Coming last of a hundred successive individuals or units.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Forming one of a hundred equal parts into which anything is divided; the tenth of a tenth.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hun"dredth</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One of a hundred equal parts into which one whole is, or may be, divided; the quotient of a unit divided by a hundred.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hun"dred*weight`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A denomination of weight, containing 100, 112, or 120 pounds avoirdupois, according to differing laws or customs. By the legal standard of England it is 112 pounds. In most of the United States, both in practice and by law, it is 100 pounds avoirdupois, the corresponding ton of 2,000 pounds, sometimes called the <i>short</i> ton, being the legal ton.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hung</hw> (?), <def><pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> of <u>Hang</u>.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Hung beef</b></col>, <cd>the fleshy part of beef slightly salted and hung up to dry; dried beef.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Hun*ga"ri*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to Hungary or to the people of Hungary.</def> — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A native or one of the people of Hungary.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Hungarian grass</b></col>. <cd>See <i>Italian millet</i>, under <u>Millet</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Hun"ga*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A country in Central Europe, now a part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Hungary water</b></col>, <cd>a distilled "water," made from dilute alcohol aromatized with rosemary flowers, etc.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Hun"ger</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>hungor</i>; akin to OFries. <i>hunger</i>, D. <i>honger</i>, OS. & OHG. <i>hungar</i>, G. <i>hunger</i>, Icel. <i>hungr</i>, Sw. & Dan. <i>hunger</i>, Goth. <i>h&?;hrus</i> hunger, <i>huggrjan</i> to hunger.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>An uneasy sensation occasioned normally by the want of food; a craving or desire for food.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The sensation of hunger is usually referred to the stomach, but is probably dependent on excitation of the sensory nerves, both of the stomach and intestines, and perhaps also on indirect impressions from other organs, more or less exhausted from lack of nutriment.</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Any strong eager desire.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>O sacred <i>hunger</i> of ambitious minds!</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>For <i>hunger</i> of my gold I die.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hun"ger</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Hungered</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Hungering</u>.] [OE. <i>hungren</i>, AS. <i>hyngrian</i>. See <u>Hunger</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To feel the craving or uneasiness occasioned by want of food; to be oppressed by hunger.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To have an eager desire; to long.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Blessed are they which do <i>hunger</i> and thirst after righteouness.</blockquote> <i>Matt. v. 6.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hun"ger</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To make hungry; to famish.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Hun"ger-bit`</hw> (?), <hw>Hun"ger-bit`ten</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pinched or weakened by hunger.</def> [Obs.] <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hun"gered</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Hungry; pinched for food.</def> [Obs.] <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hun"ger*er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who hungers; one who longs.</def> <i>Lamb.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hun"ger*ly</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Wanting food; starved.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hun"ger*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>With keen appetite.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hun"ger-starve`</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To starve with hunger; to famish.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hun"gred</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Hungered; hungry.</def> [Archaic]</p>

<p><hw>Hun"gri*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> [From <u>Hunger</u>.] <def>In a hungry manner; voraciously.</def> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hun"gry</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<pos><i>Compar.</i></pos> <u>Hungrier</u> (?); <pos><i>superl.</i></pos> <u>Hungriest</u>.] [AS. <i>hungrid</i>. See <u>Hunger</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Feeling hunger; having a keen appetite; feeling uneasiness or distress from want of food; hence, having an eager desire.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Showing hunger or a craving desire; voracious.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The cruel, <i>hungry</i> foam.</blockquote> <i>C. Kingsley.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Cassius has a lean and <i>hungry</i> look.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Not rich or fertile; poor; barren; starved; as, a <i>hungry</i> soil.</def> "The <i>hungry</i> beach." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hunk</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. <u>Hunch</u>.] <def>A large lump or piece; a hunch; as, a <i>hunk</i> of bread.</def> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><hw>Hun"ker</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Originally, a nickname for a member of the conservative section of the Democratic party in New York; hence, one opposed to progress in general; a fogy.</def> [Political Cant, U.S.]</p>

<p><hw>Hun"ker*ism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Excessive conservatism; hostility to progress.</def> [Political Cant, U.S.]</p>

<p><hw>Hunks</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Etymol. uncertain.] <def>A covetous, sordid man; a miser; a niggard.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Pray make your bargain with all the prudence and selfishness of an old <i>hunks</i>.</blockquote> <i>Gray.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hunt</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Hunted</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Hunting</u>.] [AS. <i>huntian</i> to hunt; cf. <i>hentan</i> to follow, pursue, Goth. <i>hin&?;an</i> (in comp.) to seize. &radic;36. Cf. <u>Hent</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To search for or follow after, as game or wild animals; to chase; to pursue for the purpose of catching or killing; to follow with dogs or guns for sport or exercise; as, to <i>hunt</i> a deer.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Like a dog, he <i>hunts</i> in dreams.</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To search diligently after; to seek; to pursue; to follow; — often with <i>out</i> or <i>up</i>; as, to <i>hunt</i> up the facts; to <i>hunt</i> out evidence.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Evil shall <i>hunt</i> the violent man to overthrow him.</blockquote> <i>Ps. cxl. 11.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To drive; to chase; — with <i>down</i>, <i>from</i>, <i>away</i>, etc.; as, to <i>hunt</i> down a criminal; he was <i>hunted</i> from the parish.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To use or manage in the chase, as hounds.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He <i>hunts</i> a pack of dogs.</blockquote> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>To use or traverse in pursuit of game; as, he <i>hunts</i> the woods, or the country.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hunt</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To follow the chase; to go out in pursuit of game; to course with hounds.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Esau went to the field to <i>hunt</i> for venison.</blockquote> <i>Gen. xxvii. 5.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To seek; to pursue; to search; — with <i>for</i> or <i>after</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He after honor <i>hunts</i>, I after love.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><col><b>To hunt counter</b></col>, <cd>to trace the scent backward in hunting, as a hound to go back on one's steps.</cd> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hunt</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act or practice of chasing wild animals; chase; pursuit; search.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>hunt</i> is up; the morn is bright and gray.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The game secured in the hunt.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A pack of hounds.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>An association of huntsmen.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>A district of country hunted over.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Every landowner within the <i>hunt</i>.</blockquote> <i>London Field.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hunt"-count`er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A worthless dog that runs back on the scent; a blunderer.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hunt"e</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>hunta</i>.] <def>A hunter.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hunt"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who hunts wild animals either for sport or for food; a huntsman.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A dog that scents game, or is trained to the chase; a hunting dog.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A horse used in the chase; especially, a thoroughbred, bred and trained for hunting.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>One who hunts or seeks after anything, as if for game; as, a fortune <i>hunter</i> a place <i>hunter</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>No keener <i>hunter</i> after glory breathes.</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A kind of spider. See <i>Hunting spider</i>, under <u>Hunting</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>A hunting watch, or one of which the crystal is protected by a metallic cover.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Hunter's room</b></col>, <cd>the lunation after the harvest moon.</cd> — <col><b>Hunter's screw</b></col> <i>(Mech.)</i>, <cd>a differential screw, so named from the inventor. See under <u>Differential</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Hun*te"ri*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Discovered or described by John <i>Hunter</i>, an English surgeon; as, the <i>Hunterian</i> chancre. See <u>Chancre</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hunt"ing</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The pursuit of game or of wild animals.</def> <i>A. Smith.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Happy hunting grounds</b></col>, <cd>the region to which, according to the belief of American Indians, the souls of warriors and hunters pass after death, to be happy in hunting and feasting.</cd> <i>Tylor.</i> — <col><b>Hunting box</b></col>. <cd>Same As <i>Hunting lodge</i> (below).</cd> — <col><b>Hunting cat</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the cheetah.</cd> — <col><b>Hunting cog</b></col> <i>(Mach.)</i>, <cd>a tooth in the larger of two geared wheels which makes its number of teeth prime to the number in the smaller wheel, thus preventing the frequent meeting of the same pairs of teeth.</cd> — <col><b>Hunting dog</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the hyena dog.</cd> — <col><b>Hunting ground</b></col>, <cd>a region or district abounding in game; esp. (<i>pl.</i>), the regions roamed over by the North American Indians in search of game.</cd> — <col><b>Hunting horn</b></col>, <cd>a bulge; a horn used in the chase. See <u>Horn</u>, and <u>Bulge</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Hunting leopard</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the cheetah.</cd> — <col><b>Hunting lodge</b></col>, <cd>a temporary residence for the purpose of hunting.</cd> — <col><b>Hunting seat</b></col>, <cd>a hunting lodge.</cd> <i>Gray.</i> — <col><b>Hunting shirt</b></col>, <cd>a coarse shirt for hunting, often of leather.</cd> — <col><b>Hunting spider</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a spider which hunts its prey, instead of catching it in a web; a wolf spider.</cd> — <col><b>Hunting watch</b></col>. <cd>See <u>Hunter</u>, 6.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Hunt"ress</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A woman who hunts or follows the chase; as, the <i>huntress</i> Diana.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hunts"man</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Huntsmen</b></plw> (&?;). <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who hunts, or who practices hunting.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The person whose office it is to manage the chase or to look after the hounds.</def> <i>L'Estrange.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Huntsman's cup</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>the sidesaddle flower, or common American pitcher plant (<i>Sarracenia purpurea</i>).</cd></p>

<p><! p. 714 !></p>

<p><hw>Hunts"man*ship</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The art or practice of hunting, or the qualification of a hunter.</def> <i>Donne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hunt's"-up`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A tune played on the horn very early in the morning to call out the hunters; hence, any arousing sound or call.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Time plays the <i>hunt's-up</i> to thy sleepy head.</blockquote> <i>Drayton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hur"den</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From <u>Hurds</u>.] <def>A coarse kind of linen; — called also <i>harden</i>.</def> [Prov. Eng.]</p>

<p><hw>Hur"dle</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>hurdel</i>, <i>hirdel</i>, AS. <i>hyrdel</i>; akin to D. <i>horde</i>, OHG. <i>hurt</i>, G. <i>h&uuml;rde</i> a hurdle, fold, pen, Icel. <i>hur&?;</i> door, Goth. <i>ha&uacute;rds</i>, L. <i>cratis</i> wickerwork, hurdle, Gr. &?;, Skr. <i>k&?;t</i> to spin, <i>c&?;t</i> to bind, connect. &radic;16. Cf. <u>Crate</u>, <u>Grate</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A movable frame of wattled twigs, osiers, or withes and stakes, or sometimes of iron, used for inclosing land, for folding sheep and cattle, for gates, etc.; also, in fortification, used as revetments, and for other purposes.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>In England, a sled or crate on which criminals were formerly drawn to the place of execution.</def> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>An artificial barrier, variously constructed, over which men or horses leap in a race.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Hurdle race</b></col>, <cd>a race in which artificial barriers in the form of hurdles, fences, etc., must be leaped.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Hur"dle</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Hurdleed</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Hurdleing</u> (?).] <def>To hedge, cover, make, or inclose with hurdles.</def> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hur"dle*work`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Work after manner of a hurdle.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hurds</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Hards</u>.] <def>The coarse part of flax or hemp; hards.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hur"dy-gur`dy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Prob. of imitative origin.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A stringled instrument, lutelike in shape, in which the sound is produced by the friction of a wheel turned by a crank at the end, instead of by a bow, two of the strings being tuned as drones, while two or more, tuned in unison, are modulated by keys.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>In California, a water wheel with radial buckets, driven by the impact of a jet.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hur*ka"ru</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Hind. <i>hark&amacr;ra</i>] <def>In India, a running footman; a messenger.</def> [Written also <i>hurkaroo</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Hurl</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Hurled</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Hurling</u>.] [OE. <i>hurlen</i>, <i>hourlen</i>; prob. contracted fr. OE. <i>hurtlen</i> to hurtle, or probably akin to E. <i>whirl</i>. &radic;16. See <u>Hurtle</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To send whirling or whizzing through the air; to throw with violence; to drive with great force; as, to <i>hurl</i> a stone or lance.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>And <i>hurl'd</i> them headlong to their fleet and main.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To emit or utter with vehemence or impetuosity; as, to <i>hurl</i> charges or invective.</def> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> [Cf. <u>Whirl</u>.] <def>To twist or turn.</def> "<i>Hurled</i> or crooked feet." [Obs.] <i>Fuller.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hurl</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To hurl one's self; to go quickly.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To perform the act of hurling something; to throw something (at another).</def></p>

<p><blockquote>God shall <i>hurl</i> at him and not spare.</blockquote> <i>Job xxvii. 22 (Rev. Ver. ).</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To play the game of hurling. See <u>Hurling</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hurl</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of hurling or throwing with violence; a cast; a fling.</def> <i>Congreve.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Tumult; riot; hurly-burly.</def> [Obs.] <i>Knolles.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Hat Manuf.)</i> <def>A table on which fiber is stirred and mixed by beating with a bowspring.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hurl"bat`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Whirlbat</u>.</def> [Obs.] <i>Holland.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hurl"bone`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>See <u>Whirlbone</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Far.)</i> <def>A bone near the middle of the buttock of a horse.</def> <i>Crabb.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hurl"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who hurls, or plays at hurling.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hurl"ing</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of throwing with force.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A kind of game at ball, formerly played.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Hurling</i> taketh its denomination from throwing the ball.</blockquote> <i>Carew.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hurl"wind`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A whirlwind.</def> [Obs.] <i>Sandys.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hur"ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>hurler</i> to howl.] <def>Noise; confusion; uproar.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>That, with the <i>hurly</i>, death itself awakes.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hur"ly-bur`ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Reduplicated fr. OE. <i>hurly</i> confusion: cf. F. <i>hurler</i> to howl, yell, L. <i>ululare</i>; or cf. E. <i>hurry</i>.] <def>Tumult; bustle; confusion.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>All places were filled with tumult and <i>hurly- burly</i>.</blockquote> <i>Knolles.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hu*ro"ni*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Named from Lake <i>Huron</i>.] <i>(Geol.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to certain non- fossiliferous rocks on the borders of Lake Huron, which are supposed to correspond in time to the latter part of the Arch&aelig;an age.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hu"ron-Ir`o*quous"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Ethnol.)</i> <def>A linguistic group of warlike North American Indians, belonging to the same stock as the Algonquins, and including several tribes, among which were the Five Nations. They formerly occupied the region about Lakes Erie and Ontario, and the larger part of New York.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hu"rons</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos>; <i>sing.</i> <i>Huron</i>. <i>(Ethnol.)</i> <def>A powerful and warlike tribe of North American Indians of the Algonquin stock. They formerly occupied the country between Lakes Huron, Erie, and Ontario, but were nearly exterminated by the Five Nations about 1650.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hurr</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [See <u>Hurry</u>.] <def>To make a rolling or burring sound.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>R is the dog's letter, and <i>hurreth</i> in the sound.</blockquote> <i>B. Jonson.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Hur*rah"</hw> <hw>Hur*ra"</hw> } (?), <pos><i>interj.</i></pos> [Cf. G., Dan., & Sw. <i>hurra</i>. Cf. <u>Huzza</u>.] <def>A word used as a shout of joy, triumph, applause, encouragement, or welcome.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Hurrah</i>! <i>hurrah</i>! for Ivry and Henry of Navarre.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hur*rah"</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A cheer; a shout of joy, etc.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Hurrah's nest</b></col>, <cd>state of utmost confusion.</cd> [Colloq. U.S.]</p>

<p><blockquote>A perfect <i>hurrah's nest</i> in our kitchen.</blockquote> <i>Mrs. Stowe.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hur*rah"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To utter hurrahs; to huzza.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hur*rah"</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To salute, or applaud, with hurrahs.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hur"ri*cane</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Sp. <i>hurracan</i>; orig. a Carib word signifying, a high wind.] <def>A violent storm, characterized by extreme fury and sudden changes of the wind, and generally accompanied by rain, thunder, and lightning; — especially prevalent in the East and West Indies. Also used figuratively.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Like the smoke in a <i>hurricane</i> whirl'd.</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Each guilty thought to me is<BR> A dreadful <i>hurricane</i>.</blockquote> <i>Massinger.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Hurricane bird</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the frigate bird.</cd> — <col><b>Hurricane deck</b></col>. <i>(Naut.)</i> <cd>See under <u>Deck</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Hur`ri*ca"no</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Hurricanoes</b></plw> (#). <def>A waterspout; a hurricane.</def> [Obs.] <i>Drayton.</i> "You cataracts and <i>hurricanoes</i>, spout." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hur"ried</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Urged on; hastened; going or working at speed; as, a <i>hurried</i> writer; a <i>hurried</i> life.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Done in a hurry; hence, imperfect; careless; as, a <i>hurried</i> job.</def> "A <i>hurried</i> meeting." <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p>— <wf>Hur"ried*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Hur"ried*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Hur"ri*er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who hurries or urges.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hur"ries</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A staith or framework from which coal is discharged from cars into vessels.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hur"ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Hurried</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Hurrying</u>.] [OE. <i>horien</i>; cf. OSw. <i>hurra</i> to whirl round, dial. Sw. <i>hurr</i> great haste, Dan. <i>hurre</i> to buzz, Icel. <i>hurr</i> hurly-burly, MHG. <i>hurren</i> to hurry, and E. <i>hurr</i>, <i>whir</i> to hurry; all prob. of imitative origin.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To hasten; to impel to greater speed; to urge on.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Impetuous lust <i>hurries</i> him on.</blockquote> <i>South.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>They <i>hurried</i> him abroad a bark.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To impel to precipitate or thoughtless action; to urge to confused or irregular activity.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>And wild amazement <i>hurries</i> up and down<BR> The little number of your doubtful friends.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To cause to be done quickly.</def></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — To hasten; precipitate; expedite; quicken; accelerate; urge.</p>

<p><hw>Hur"ry</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To move or act with haste; to proceed with celerity or precipitation; as, let us <i>hurry</i>.</def></p>

<p><col><b>To hurry up</b></col>, <cd>to make haste.</cd> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><hw>Hur"ry</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The act of hurrying in motion or business; pressure; urgency; bustle; confusion.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Ambition raises a tumult in the soul, it inflames the mind, and puts into a violent <i>hurry</i> of thought.</blockquote> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Haste; speed; dispatch. See <u>Haste</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Hur"ry*ing*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a hurrying manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hur"ry-skur`ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> [An imitative word; cf. Sw. <i>skorra</i> to rattle, snarl, E. <i>scurry</i>.] <def>Confusedly; in a bustle.</def> [Obs.] <i>Gray.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hurst</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>hurst</i>, AS. <i>hyrst</i>; akin to OHG. <i>hurst</i>, <i>horst</i>, wood, thicket, G. <i>horst</i> the nest of a bird of prey, an eyerie, thicket.] <def>A wood or grove; — a word used in the composition of many names, as in Hazle<i>hurst</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hurt</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Mach.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A band on a trip-hammer helve, bearing the trunnions.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A husk. See <u>Husk</u>, 2.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hurt</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Hurt</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Hurting</u>.] [OE. <i>hurten</i>, <i>hirten</i>, <i>horten</i>, <i>herten</i>; prob. fr. OF. <i>hurter</i>, <i>heurter</i>, to knock, thrust, strike, F. <i>heurter</i>; cf. W. <i>hyrddu</i> to push, drive, assault, <i>hwrdd</i> a stroke, blow, push; also, a ram, the orig. sense of the verb thus perhaps being, to butt as a ram; cf. D. <i>horten</i> to push, strike, MHG. <i>hurten</i>, both prob. fr. Old French.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To cause physical pain to; to do bodily harm to; to wound or bruise painfully.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>hurt</i> lion groans within his den.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To impar the value, usefulness, beauty, or pleasure of; to damage; to injure; to harm.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Virtue may be assailed, but never <i>hurt</i>.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To wound the feelings of; to cause mental pain to; to offend in honor or self-respect; to annoy; to grieve.</def> "I am angry and <i>hurt</i>." <i>Thackeray.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hurt"er</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A bodily injury causing pain; a wound, bruise, or the like.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The pains of sickness and <i>hurts</i> . . . all men feel.</blockquote> <i>Locke.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>An injury causing pain of mind or conscience; a slight; a stain; as of sin.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>But the jingling of the guinea helps the <i>hurt</i> that Honor feels.</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Injury; damage; detriment; harm; mischief.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Thou dost me yet but little <i>hurt</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Wound; bruise; injury; harm; damage; loss; detriment; mischief; bane; disadvantage.</p>

<p><hw>Hurt"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who hurts or does harm.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I shall not be a <i>hurter</i>, if no helper.</blockquote> <i>Beau. & Fl.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hurt"er</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>heurtoir</i>, lit., a striker. See <u>Hurt</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>] <def>A butting piece; a strengthening piece, esp.: <i>(Mil.)</i> A piece of wood at the lower end of a platform, designed to prevent the wheels of gun carriages from injuring the parapet.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hurt"ful</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Tending to impair or damage; injurious; mischievous; occasioning loss or injury; as, <i>hurtful</i> words or conduct.</def></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Pernicious; harmful; baneful; prejudicial; detrimental; disadvantageous; mischievous; injurious; noxious; unwholesome; destructive.</p>

<p>— <wf>Hurt"ful*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Hurt"ful*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Hur"tle</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Hurtled</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Hurtling</u> (?).] [OE. <i>hurtlen</i>, freq. of <i>hurten</i>. See <u>Hurt</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>, and cf. <u>Hurl</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To meet with violence or shock; to clash; to jostle.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Together <i>hurtled</i> both their steeds.</blockquote> <i>Fairfax.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To move rapidly; to wheel or rush suddenly or with violence; to whirl round rapidly; to skirmish.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Now <i>hurtling</i> round, advantage for to take.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Down the <i>hurtling</i> cataract of the ages.</blockquote> <i>R. L. Stevenson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To make a threatening sound, like the clash of arms; to make a sound as of confused clashing or confusion; to resound.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The noise of battle <i>hurtled</i> in the air.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The earthquake sound<BR> <i>Hurtling</i> 'death the solid ground.</blockquote> <i>Mrs. Browning.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hur"tle</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To move with violence or impetuosity; to whirl; to brandish.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>His harmful club he gan to <i>hurtle</i> high.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To push; to jostle; to hurl.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>And he <i>hurtleth</i> with his horse adown.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hur"tle*ber`ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. <u>Huckleberry</u>, <u>Whortleberry</u>.] <def>See <u>Whortleberry</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hurt"less</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Doing no injury; harmless; also, unhurt; without injury or harm.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Gentle dame so <i>hurtless</i> and so true.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p>— <wf>Hurt"less*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Hurt"less*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Hus"band</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>hosebonde</i>, <i>husbonde</i>, a husband, the master of the house or family, AS. <i>h&?;sbonda</i> master of the house; <i>h&?;s</i> house + <i>bunda</i>, <i>bonda</i>, householder, husband; prob. fr. Icel. <i>h&?;sb&omacr;ndi</i> house master, husband; <i>h&?;s</i> house + <i>b&?;andi</i> dwelling, inhabiting, p. pr. of <i>b&?;a</i> to dwell; akin to AS. <i>b&?;an</i>, Goth. <i>bauan</i>. See <u>House Be</u>, and cf. <u>Bond</u> a slave, <u>Boor</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The male head of a household; one who orders the economy of a family.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A cultivator; a tiller; a husbandman.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The painful <i>husband</i>, plowing up his ground.</blockquote> <i>Hakewill.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>He is the neatest <i>husband</i> for curious ordering his domestic and field accommodations.</blockquote> <i>Evelyn.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>One who manages or directs with prudence and economy; a frugal person; an economist.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>God knows how little time is left me, and may I be a good <i>husband</i>, to improve the short remnant left me.</blockquote> <i>Fuller.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>A married man; a man who has a wife; — the correlative to <i>wife</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>husband</i> and wife are one person in law.</blockquote> <i>Blackstone.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>The male of a pair of animals.</def> [R.] <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><col><b>A ship's husband</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>an agent representing the owners of a ship, who manages its expenses and receipts.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Hus"band</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Husbanded</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Husbanding</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To direct and manage with frugality; to use or employ to good purpose and the best advantage; to spend, apply, or use, with economy.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>For my means, I'll <i>husband</i> them so well,<BR> They shall go far.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To cultivate, as land; to till.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Land so trim and rarely <i>husbanded</i>.</blockquote> <i>Evelyn.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To furnish with a husband.</def> [R.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hus"band*a*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Capable of being husbanded, or managed with economy.</def> <i>Sherwood.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hus"band*age</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>The commission or compensation allowed to a ship's husband.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hus"band*less</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Destitute of a husband.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hus"band*ly</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Frugal; thrifty.</def> [R.] <i>Tusser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hus"band*man</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Husbandmen</b></plw> (&?;). <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The master of a family.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A farmer; a cultivator or tiller of the ground.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hus"band*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Care of domestic affairs; economy; domestic management; thrift.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>There's <i>husbandry</i> in heaven;<BR> Their candles are all out.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The business of a husbandman, comprehending the various branches of agriculture; farming.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Husbandry</i> supplieth all things necessary for food.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hush</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Hushed</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Hushing</u>.] [OE. <i>huschen</i>, <i>hussen</i>, prob. of imitative origin; cf. LG. <i>hussen</i> to lull to sleep, G. <i>husch</i> quick, make haste, be silent.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To still; to silence; to calm; to make quiet; to repress the noise or clamor of.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>My tongue shall <i>hush</i> again this storm of war.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To appease; to allay; to calm; to soothe.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>With thou, then,<BR> <i>Hush</i> my cares?</blockquote> <i>Otway.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>And <i>hush'd</i> my deepest grief of all.</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><col><b>To hush up</b></col>, <cd>to procure silence concerning; to suppress; to keep secret.</cd> "This matter is <i>hushed up</i>." <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hush</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To become or to keep still or quiet; to become silent; — esp. used in the imperative, as an exclamation; be still; be silent or quiet; make no noise.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Hush</i>, idle words, and thoughts of ill.</blockquote> <i>Keble.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>But all these strangers' presence every one did <i>hush</i>.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hush</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Stillness; silence; quiet.</def> [R.] "It is the <i>hush</i> of night." <i>Byron.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Hush money</b></col>, <cd>money paid to secure silence, or to prevent the disclosure of facts.</cd> <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hush</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Silent; quiet.</def> "<i>Hush</i> as death." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hush"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>An usher.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hush"ing</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Mining)</i> <def>The process of washing ore, or of uncovering mineral veins, by a heavy discharge of water from a reservoir; flushing; — also called <i>booming</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Husk</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Prob. for <i>hulsk</i>, and from the same root as <i>hull</i> a husk. See <u>Hull</u> a husk.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The external covering or envelope of certain fruits or seeds; glume; hull; rind; in the United States, especially applied to the covering of the ears of maize.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The supporting frame of a run of millstones.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Husks of the prodigal son</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>the pods of the carob tree. See <u>Carob</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Husk</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Husked</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Husking</u>.] <def>To strip off the external covering or envelope of; as, to <i>husk</i> Indian corn.</def></p>

<p><hw>Husked</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Covered with a husk.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Stripped of husks; deprived of husks.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hus"ki*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> [From <u>Husky</u>.] <def>In a husky manner; dryly.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hus"ki*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The state of being husky.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Roughness of sound; harshness; hoarseness; as, <i>huskiness</i> of voice.</def> <i>G. Eliot.</i></p>

<p><! p. 715 !></p>

<p><hw>Husk"ing</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act or process of stripping off husks, as from Indian corn.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A meeting of neighbors or friends to assist in husking maize; — called also</def> <i>husking bee</i>. [U.S.] "A red ear in the <i>husking</i>." <i>Longfellow.</i></p>

<p><hw>Husk"y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [From <u>Husk</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <def>Abounding with husks; consisting of husks.</def> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hus"ky</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Prob. for <i>husty</i>; cf. OE. <i>host</i> cough, AS. <i>hw&omacr;sta</i>; akin to D. <i>hoest</i>, G. <i>husten</i>, OHG. <i>huosto</i>, Icel. <i>h&omacr;sti</i>. See <u>Wheeze</u>.] <def>Rough in tone; harsh; hoarse; raucous; as, a <i>husky</i> voice.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hu"so</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. G. <i>hausen</i>, and E. <i>isin</i>&?;glass.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A large European sturgeon (<i>Acipenser huso</i>), inhabiting the region of the Black and Caspian Seas. It sometimes attains a length of more than twelve feet, and a weight of two thousand pounds. Called also <i>hausen</i>.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The huchen, a large salmon.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hus*sar"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Hung. <i>husz&aacute;r</i>, from <i>husz</i> twenty, because under King Matthais I., in the fifteenth century, every twenty houses were to furnish one horse soldier; cf. G. <i>husar</i>, F. <i>houssard</i>, <i>hussard</i>, from the same source.] <i>(Mil.)</i> <def>Originally, one of the national cavalry of Hungary and Croatia; now, one of the light cavalry of European armies.</def></p>

<p><hw>Huss"ite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Eccl. Hist.)</i> <def>A follower of John <i>Huss</i>, the Bohemian reformer, who was adjudged a heretic and burnt alive in 1415.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hus"sy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Contr. fr. <i>huswife</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A housewife or housekeeper.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A worthless woman or girl; a forward wench; a jade; — used as a term of contempt or reproach.</def> <i>Grew.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A pert girl; a frolicsome or sportive young woman; — used jocosely.</def> <i>Goldsmith.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hus"sy</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From Icel. <i>h&?;si</i> a case, prob. fr. <i>h&?;s</i> house. See <u>House</u>, and cf. <u>Housewife</u> a bag, <u>Huswife</u> a bag.] <def>A case or bag. See <u>Housewife</u>, 2.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hus"tings</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [OE. <i>husting</i> an assembly, coucil, AS. <i>h&?;sting</i>; of Scand. origin; cf. Icel. <i>h&?;s&?;ing</i>; <i>h&?;s</i> home + <i>&?;ing</i> thing, assembly, meeting; akin to Dan. & Sw. <i>ting</i>, E. <i>thing</i>. See <u>House</u>, and <u>Thing</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A court formerly held in several cities of England; specif., a court held in London, before the lord mayor, recorder, and sheriffs, to determine certain classes of suits for the recovery of lands within the city. In the progress of law reform this court has become unimportant.</def> <i>Mozley & W.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Any one of the temporary courts held for the election of members of the British Parliament.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>The platform on which candidates for Parliament formerly stood in addressing the electors.</def> [Eng.]</p>

<p><blockquote>When the rotten <i>hustings</i> shake<BR> In another month to his brazen lies.</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hus"tle</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Hustled</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Hustling</u> (?).] [D. <i>hustelen</i> to shake, fr. <i>husten</i> to shake. Cf. <u>Hotchpotch</u>.] <def>To shake together in confusion; to push, jostle, or crowd rudely; to handle roughly; as, to <i>hustle</i> a person out of a room.</def> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hus"tle</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To push or crows; to force one's way; to move hustily and with confusion; a hurry.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Leaving the king, who had <i>hustled</i> along the floor with his dress worfully arrayed.</blockquote> <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hus"wife</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>huswif</i>; <i>hus</i> house + <i>wif</i> wife. Cf. <u>Hussy</u> a housewife, <u>Housewife</u>.] [Written also <i>housewife</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A female housekeeper; a woman who manages domestic affairs; a thirfty woman.</def> "The bounteous <i>huswife</i> Nature." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>huswife</i> is she that do labor doth fall.</blockquote> <i>Tusser.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A worthless woman; a hussy.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> [See <u>Hussy</u> a bag.] <def>A case for sewing materials. See <u>Housewife</u>.</def> <i>Cowper.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hus"wife</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To manage with frugality; — said of a woman.</def> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hus"wife*ly</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Like a huswife; capable; economical; prudent.</def> — <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a huswifely manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hus"wife*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The business of a housewife; female domestic economy and skill.</def> <i>Tusser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hut</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>hotte</i>; akin to D. <i>hut</i>, G. <i>h&uuml;tte</i>, OHG. <i>hutta</i>, Dan. <i>hytte</i>, Sw. <i>hydda</i>; and F. <i>hutte</i>, of G. origin; all akin to E. <i>hide</i> to conceal. See <u>Hude</u> to conceal.] <def>A small house, hivel, or cabin; a mean lodge or dwelling; a slightly built or temporary structure.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Death comes on with equal footsteps<BR> To the hall and <i>hut</i></blockquote>. <i>Bp. Coxe.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hutch</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t. & i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Hutted</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Hutting</u>.] <def>To place in huts; to live in huts; as, to <i>hut</i> troops in winter quarters.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The troops <i>hutted</i> among the heights of Morristown.</blockquote> <i>W. Irving.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hutch</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>hucche</i>, <i>huche</i>, <i>hoche</i>, F. <i>huche</i>, LL. <i>hutica</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A chest, box, coffer, bin, coop, or the like, in which things may be stored, or animals kept; as, a grain <i>hutch</i>; a rabbit <i>hutch</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A measure of two Winchester bushels.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Mining)</i> <def>The case of a flour bolt.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Mining)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A car on low wheels, in which coal is drawn in the mine and hoisted out of the pit.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A jig for washing ore.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Bolting hutch</b></col>, <col><b>Booby hutch</b></col>, <cd>etc. See under <u>Bolting</u>, etc.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Hutch</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Hutched</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Hutching</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To hoard or lay up, in a chest.</def> [R.] "She <i>hutched</i> the . . . ore." <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Mining)</i> <def>To wash (ore) in a box or jig.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hutch`un*so"ni*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A follower of John <i>Hutchinson</i> of Yorkshire, England, who believed that the Hebrew Scriptures contained a complete system of natural science and of theology.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hut*to"ni*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Relating to what is now called the <i>Plutonic</i> theory of the earth, first advanced by Dr. James <i>Hutton</i>.</def> <i>Lyell.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hux"ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. & v. i.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Huckster</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Huy*ghe"ni*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pertaining to, or invented by, Christian <i>Huyghens</i>, a Dutch astronomer of the seventeenth century; as, the <i>Huyghenian</i> telescope.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Huyghenian eyepiece</b></col><cd>See under <u>Eyepiece</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Huzz</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [An onomatop&oelig;a. &radic;43. Cf. <u>Buzz</u>.] <def>To buzz; to murmur.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Huzzing and burring in the preacher's ear.</blockquote> <i>Latimer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Huz*za"</hw> (?), <pos><i>interj.</i></pos> [Cf. G. <i>hussa</i>, <i>husa</i>, interj., hurrah, huzza. &radic;43. Cf. <u>Hurrah</u>.] <def>A word used as a shout of joy, exultation, approbation, or encouragement.</def></p>

<p><hw>Huz"za</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A shout of <i>huzza</i>; a cheer; a hurrah.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>They made a great <i>huzza</i> or shout.</blockquote> <i>Evelyn.</i></p>

<p><hw>Huz*za"</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Huzzaed</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Huzzaing</u>.] <def>To shout huzza; to cheer.</def></p>

<p><hw>Huz*za"</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To receive or attend with huzzas.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He was <i>huzzaed</i> into the court.</blockquote> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hy</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>High.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hy"a*cine</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A hyacinth.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hy"a*cinth</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>hyacinthus</i> a kind of flower, prob. the iris, gladiolus, or larkspur, also a kind of gem, perh. the sapphire; as, a proper name, <i>Hyacinthus</i>, a beautiful Laconian youth, beloved by Apollo, fr. Gr. &?;, &?;: cf. F. <i>hyacinthe</i>. Cf. <u>Jacinth</u>. The hyacinth was fabled to have sprung from the blood of <i>Hyacinthus</i>, who was accidentally slain by Apollo.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A bulbous plant of the genus <i>Hyacinthus</i>, bearing beautiful spikes of fragrant flowers. <i>H. orientalis</i> is a common variety.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A plant of the genus <i>Camassia</i> (<i>C. Farseri</i>), called also <i>Eastern camass</i>; wild hyacinth.</def> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <def>The name also given to <i>Scilla Peruviana</i>, a Mediterranean plant, one variety of which produces white, and another blue, flowers; — called also, from a mistake as to its origin, <i>Hyacinth of Peru</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Min.)</i> <def>A red variety of zircon, sometimes used as a gem. See <u>Zircon</u>.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Hyacinth bean</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>a climbing leguminous plant (<i>Dolichos Lablab</i>), related to the true bean. It has dark purple flowers and fruit.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Hy`a*cin"thi*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Hyacinthine.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Hy`a*cin"thine</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>hyacinthinus</i>, Gr. &?;.] <def>Belonging to the hyacinth; resembling the hyacinth; in color like the hyacinth.</def> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>His curling locks like <i>hyacinthine</i> flowers.</blockquote> <i>Cowper.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>hyacinthine</i> boy, for whom<BR> Morn well might break and April bloom.</blockquote> <i>Emerson.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Hy"a*des</hw> (?), <hw>Hy"ads</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [L. <i>Hyades</i>, Gr. &?;.] <i>(Astron.)</i> <def>A cluster of five stars in the face of the constellation Taurus, supposed by the ancients to indicate the coming of rainy weather when they rose with the sun.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Thro' scudding drifts the rainy <i>Hyades</i><BR> Vext the dim sea.</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hy*&aelig;"na</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Hyena</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Hy*a"le*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?; glassy, fr. <grk>"y`alos</grk> glass.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A pteropod of the genus <i>Cavolina</i>. See <u>Pteropoda</u>, and <i>Illustration</i> in Appendix.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy`a*les"cence</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Hyaline</u>.] <def>The process of becoming, or the state of being, transparent like glass.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy"a*line</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>hyalinus</i>, Gr. &?;, fr. <grk>"y`alos</grk> glass: cf. F. <i>hyalin</i>.] <def>Glassy; resembling glass; consisting of glass; transparent, like crystal.</def> "<i>Hyaline</i> spaces." <i>Carpenter.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hy"a*line</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A poetic term for the sea or the atmosphere.</def> "The clear <i>hyaline</i>, the glassy sea." <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Our blood runs amazed 'neath the calm <i>hyaline</i>.</blockquote> <i>Mrs. Browning.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>The pellucid substance, present in cells in process of development, from which, according to some embryologists, the cell nucleus originates.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Physiol. Chem.)</i> <def>The main constituent of the walls of hydatid cysts; a nitrogenous body, which, by decomposition, yields a dextrogyrate sugar, susceptible of alcoholic fermentation.</def> <i>Gamgee.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hy"a*lite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>"y`alos</grk> glass: cf. F. <i>hyalite</i>.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>A pellucid variety of opal in globules looking like colorless gum or resin; — called also <i>M&uuml;ller's glass</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy*al"o*graph</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>"y`alos</grk> glass + <i>graph</i>.] <def>An instrument for tracing designs on glass.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy`a*log"ra*phy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Art of writing or engraving on glass.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy"a*loid</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; glassy, transparent; <grk>"y`alos</grk> glass + &?; appearance: cf. F. <i>hyalo&iuml;de</i>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Resembling glass; vitriform; transparent; hyaline; as, the <i>hyaloid</i> membrane, a very delicate membrane inclosing the vitreous humor of the eye.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Hy`a*lo*ne"ma</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. <grk>"y`alos</grk> glass + &?; a thread.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A genus of hexactinelline sponges, having a long stem composed of very long, slender, transparent, siliceous fibres twisted together like the strands of a color. The stem of the Japanese species (<i>H. Sieboldii</i>), called <i>glass-rope</i>, has long been in use as an ornament. See <u>Glass-rope</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy*al"o*phane</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>"y`alos</grk> glass + &?; to appear.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>A species of the feldspar group containing barium. See <u>Feldspar</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Hy`a*lo*spon"gi*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. <grk>"y`alos</grk> glass + &?; a sponge.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>An order of vitreous sponges, having glassy six-rayed, siliceous spicules; — called also <i>Hexactinellin&aelig;</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy*al"o*type</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>"y`alos</grk> glass + <i>-type</i>.] <def>A photographic picture copied from the negative on glass; a photographic transparency.</def> <i>R. Hunt.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Hy*ber"na*cle</hw> (?), <hw>Hy"ber*nate</hw> (?), <hw>Hy`ber*na"tion</hw> (?). } <def>See <u>Hibernacle</u>, <u>Hibernate</u>, <u>Hibernation</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy*bl&aelig;"an</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>Hyblaeus</i>.] <def>Pertaining to Hybla, an ancient town of Sicily, famous for its bees.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hyb"o*dont</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; hump + &?;, &?;, a tooth.] <i>(Paleon.)</i> <def>Of, pertaining to, or resembling, an extinct genus of sharks (<i>Hybodus</i>), especially in the form of the teeth, which consist of a principal median cone with smaller lateral ones.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Hyb"o*dus</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Hybodont</u>.] <i>(Paleon.)</i> <def>An extinct genus of sharks having conical, compressed teeth.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy"brid</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>hybrida</i>, <i>hibrida</i>, prob. allied to Gr. &?; wantonness (as if unbridled, lawless, unnatural), perh. akin to Gr. <grk>"ype`r</grk> over, E. <i>over</i>: cf. F. <i>hybride</i>.] <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>The offspring of the union of two distinct species; an animal or plant produced from the mixture of two species. See <u>Mongrel</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy"brid</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Produced from the mixture of two species; as, plants of <i>hybrid</i> nature.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy"brid*ism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The state or quality of being hybrid.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy"brid*ist</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who hybridizes.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy*brid"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Hybridism.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy"brid*i`za*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Capable of forming a hybrid, or of being subjected to a hybridizing process; capable of producing a hybrid by union with another species or stock.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Hybridizable</i> genera are rarer than is generally supposed, even in gardens where they are so often operated upon, under circumstances most favorable to the production of hybrids.</blockquote> <i>J. D. Hooker.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hy`brid*i*za"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The act of hybridizing, or the state of being hybridized.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy"brid*i`ze</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Hybridized</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Hybridizing</u> (?).] <def>To render hybrid; to produce by mixture of stocks.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy"brid*i`zer</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who hybridizes.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy"brid*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Hybrid</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hyd"age</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Law)</i> <def>A land tax. See <u>Hidage</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy`dan*to"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, hydantoin. See <u>Glycoluric</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy*dan"to*in</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Hyd</i>rogen + all<i>antion</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A derivative of urea, C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>4</sub>N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, obtained from allantion, as a white, crystalline substance, with a sweetish taste; — called also <i>glycolyl urea</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy"da*tid</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;, &?;, a watery vesicle under the upper eyelid, fr. <grk>"y`dwr</grk>, <grk>"y`datos</grk>, water: cf. F. <i>hydatide</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A membranous sac or bladder filled with a pellucid fluid, found in various parts of the bodies of animals, but unconnected with the tissues. It is usually formed by parasitic worms, esp. by larval tapeworms, as Echinococcus and C&oelig;nurus. See these words in the Vocabulary.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Hydatid of Morgagni</b></col> <i>(Anat.)</i>, <cd>one of the small pedunculated bodies found between the testicle and the head of the epididymis, and supposed to be a remnant of the M&uuml;llerian duct.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Hy*dat"i*form</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Hydatid</i> + <i>-form</i>.] <def>Resembling a hydatid.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy"da*toid</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>"y`dwr</grk>, <grk>"y`datos</grk>, water + <i>-oid</i>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Resembling water; watery; aqueous; hyaloid.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy"dr-</hw> (?). <def>See under <u>Hydro-</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy"dra</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> E. <plw><b>Hydras</b></plw> (#), L. <plw><b>Hydr&aelig;</b></plw> (#). [L. <i>hydra</i>, Gr. <grk>"y`dra</grk>; akin to <grk>"y`dwr</grk> water. See <u>Otter</u> the animal, <u>Water</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Class. Myth.)</i> <def>A serpent or monster in the lake or marsh of Lerna, in the Peloponnesus, represented as having many heads, one of which, when cut off, was immediately succeeded by two others, unless the wound was cauterized. It was slain by Hercules. Hence, a terrible monster.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Gorgons, and <i>Hydras</i>, and Chimeras dire.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Hence: A multifarious evil, or an evil having many sources; not to be overcome by a single effort.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any small fresh-water hydroid of the genus <i>Hydra</i>, usually found attached to sticks, stones, etc., by a basal sucker.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The body is a simple tube, having a mouth at one extremity, surrounded by a circle of tentacles with which it captures its prey. Young hydras bud out from the sides of the older ones, but soon become detached and are then like their parent. Hydras are remarkable for their power of repairing injuries; for if the body be divided in pieces, each piece will grow into a complete hydra, to which fact the name alludes. The zooids or hydranths of marine hydroids are sometimes called <i>hydras</i>.</p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Astron.)</i> <def>A southern constellation of great length lying southerly from Cancer, Leo, and Virgo.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy*drach"nid</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Hydr-</i> + ar<i>achnid</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>An aquatic mite of the genus <i>Hydrachna</i>. The hydrachnids, while young, are parasitic on fresh-water mussels.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy*drac"id</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Hydr-</i> + <i>acid</i>: cf. F. <i>hydracide</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>An acid containing hydrogen; — sometimes applied to distinguish acids like hydrochloric, hydrofluoric, and the like, which contain no oxygen, from the oxygen acids or oxacids. See <u>Acid</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy`dra*cryl"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Hydr-</i> + <i>acrylic</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, an isomeric variety of lactic acid that breaks down into acrylic acid and water.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy`drac*tin"i*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Hydra</u>, and <u>Actinia</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any species or marine hydroids, of the genus <i>Hydractinia</i> and allied genera. These hydroids form, by their rootstalks, a firm, chitinous coating on shells and stones, and esp. on spiral shells occupied by hermit crabs. See <i>Illust.</i> of <u>Athecata</u>.</def></p>

<p><! p. 716 !></p>

<p><hw>||Hy*dr&aelig;"mi*a</hw> (h&isl;*dr&emacr;"m&ibreve;*&adot;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. <grk>"y`dwr</grk> water + <grk>a"i^ma</grk> blood.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>An abnormally watery state of the blood; an&aelig;mia.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy"dra*gogue</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>hydragogus</i> conveying off water, Gr. &?;; <grk>"y`dwr</grk> water + &?; to lead: cf. F. <i>hydragogue</i>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Causing a discharge of water; expelling serum effused into any part of the body, as in dropsy.</def> — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A hydragogue medicine, usually a cathartic or diuretic.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy*dram"ide</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Hydr-</i> + <i>-amide</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>One of a group of crystalline bodies produced by the action of ammonia on certain aldehydes.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy*dram"ine</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Hydr</i>oxyl + <i>amine</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>One of a series of artificial, organic bases, usually produced as thick viscous liquids by the action of ammonia on ethylene oxide. They have the properties both of alcohol and amines.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy*dran"ge*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. <grk>"y`dwr</grk> water + &?; vessel, capsule: cf. F. <i>hydrang&eacute;e</i>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A genus of shrubby plants bearing opposite leaves and large heads of showy flowers, white, or of various colors. <i>H. hortensis</i>, the common garden species, is a native of China or Japan.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy"drant</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; to irrigate, fr. <grk>"y`dwr</grk> water. See <u>Hydra</u>.] <def>A discharge pipe with a valve and spout at which water may be drawn from the mains of waterworks; a water plug.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy"dranth</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Hydra</i> + Gr. &?; a flower.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of the nutritive zooids of a hydroid colony. Also applied to the proboscis or manubrium of a hydroid medusa. See <i>Illust.</i> of <u>Hydroidea</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy*drar"go*chlo"ride</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Hydrarg</i>yrum + <i>chloride</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A compound of the bichloride of mercury with another chloride.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Hy*drar"gy*rate</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to mercury; containing, or impregnated with, mercury.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Hy*drar"gy*rism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>A diseased condition produced by poisoning with hydrargyrum, or mercury; mercurialism.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy*drar"gy*rum</hw> (-r&ubreve;m), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. L. <i>hydrargyrus</i>, Gr. <grk>"ydra`rgyros</grk>; <grk>"y`dwr</grk> water + <grk>'a`rgyros</grk> silver.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Quicksilver; mercury.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Hy`drar*thro"sis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Hydro-</u>, 1, and <u>Arthrosis</u>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>An effusion of watery liquid into the cavity of a joint.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy*dras"tine</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>An alkaloid, found in the rootstock of the golden seal (<i>Hydrastis Canadensis</i>), and extracted as a bitter, white, crystalline substance. It is used as a tonic and febrifuge.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy"dra-taint`ed</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Dipped in the gall of the fabulous hydra; poisonous; deadly.</def> <i>Cowper.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hy"drate</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>"y`dwr</grk> water: cf. F. <i>hydrate</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A compound formed by the union of water with some other substance, generally forming a neutral body, as certain crystallized salts.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A substance which does not contain water as such, but has its constituents (hydrogen, oxygen, hydroxyl) so arranged that water may be eliminated; hence, a derivative of, or compound with, hydroxyl; hydroxide; as, ethyl <i>hydrate</i>, or common alcohol; calcium <i>hydrate</i>, or slaked lime.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy"drate</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Hydrated</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Hydrating</u> (?).] <def>To form into a hydrate; to combine with water.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy"dra*ted</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Formed into a hydrate; combined with water.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy*dra"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>The act of becoming, or state of being, a hydrate.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Water of hydration</b></col> <i>(Chem.)</i>, <cd>water chemically combined with some substance to form a hydrate; — distinguished from <i>water of crystallization</i>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Hy*drau"lic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [F. <i>hydraulique</i>, L. <i>hydraulicus</i>, fr. Gr. &?;, &?;, a water organ; <grk>"y`dwr</grk> water + &?; flute, pipe. See <u>Hydra</u>.] <def>Of or pertaining to hydraulics, or to fluids in motion; conveying, or acting by, water; as, an <i>hydraulic</i> clock, crane, or dock.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Hydraulic accumulator</b></col>, <cd>an accumulator for hydraulic machinery of any kind. See <u>Accumulator</u>, 2.</cd> — <col><b>Hydraulic brake</b></col>, <cd>a cataract. See <u>Cataract</u>, 3.</cd> — <col><b>Hydraulic cement</b></col>, <cd>a cement or mortar made of hydraulic lime, which will harden under water.</cd> — <col><b>Hydraulic elevator</b></col>, <cd>a lift operated by the weight or pressure of water.</cd> — <col><b>Hydraulic jack</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Jack</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Hydraulic lime</b></col>, <cd>quicklime obtained from hydraulic limestone, and used for cementing under water, etc.</cd> — <col><b>Hydraulic limestone</b></col>, <cd>a limestone which contains some clay, and which yields a quicklime that will set, or form a firm, strong mass, under water.</cd> — <col><b>Hydraulic main</b></col> <i>(Gas Works)</i>, <cd>a horizontal pipe containing water at the bottom into which the ends of the pipes from the retorts dip, for passing the gas through water in order to remove ammonia.</cd> — <col><b>Hydraulic mining</b></col>, <cd>a system of mining in which the force of a jet of water is used to wash down a bank of gold-bearing gravel or earth.</cd> [Pacific Coast] — <col><b>Hydraulic press</b></col>, <cd>a hydrostatic press. See under <u>Hydrostatic</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Hydraulic propeller</b></col>, <cd>a device for propelling ships by means of a stream of water ejected under water rearward from the ship.</cd> — <col><b>Hydraulic ram</b></col>, <cd>a machine for raising water by means of the energy of the moving water of which a portion is to be raised. When the rush of water through the main pipe <i>d</i> shuts the valve at <i>a</i>, the momentum of the current thus suddenly checked forces part of it into the air chamber <i>b</i>, and up the pipe <i>c</i>, its return being prevented by a valve at the entrance to the air chamber, while the dropping of the valve <i>a</i> by its own weight allows another rush through the main pipe, and so on alternately.</cd> — <col><b>Hydraulic valve</b></col>. <i>(Mach.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>A valve for regulating the distribution of water in the cylinders of hydraulic elevators, cranes, etc.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <i>(Gas Works)</i> <cd>An inverted cup with a partition dipping into water, for opening or closing communication between two gas mains, the open ends of which protrude about the water.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Hy*drau"lic*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Hydraulic.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy*drau"li*con</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Hydraulic</u>.] <i>(Mus.)</i> <def>An ancient musical instrument played by the action of water; a water organ.</def> [Written also <i>hydraulis</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Hy*drau"lics</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>hydraulique</i>.] <def>That branch of science, or of engineering, which treats of fluids in motion, especially of water, its action in rivers and canals, the works and machinery for conducting or raising it, its use as a prime mover, and the like.</def></p>

<p>&fist; As a science, hydraulics includes hydrodynamics, or the principles of mechanics applicable to the motion of water; as a branch of engineering, it consists in the practical application of the mechanics of fluids to the control and management of water with reference to the wants of man, including canals, waterworks, hydraulic machines, pumps, water wheels, etc. Some writers treat hydraulics and hydrostatics as subdivisions of hydrodynamics.</p>

<p><hw>Hy"dra*zine</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Hydr-</i> + <i>azo-</i> + <i>-ine</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Any one of a series of nitrogenous bases, resembling the amines and produced by the reduction of certain nitroso and diazo compounds; as, methyl <i>hydrazine</i>, phenyl <i>hydrazine</i>, etc. They are derivatives of hydrazine proper, H<sub>2</sub>N.NH<sub>2</sub>, which is a doubled amido group, recently (1887) isolated as a stable, colorless gas, with a peculiar, irritating odor. As a base it forms distinct salts. Called also <i>diamide</i>, <i>amidogen</i>, (or more properly <i>diamidogen</i>), etc.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy"dren*ceph"s*loid</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Hydrencephal</i>us + <i>-oid</i>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Hydrocephaloid</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Hy"dri*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., fr. Gr. &?;.] <i>(Gr. Antiq.)</i> <def>A water jar; esp., one with a large rounded body, a small neck, and three handles. Some of the most beautiful Greek vases are of this form.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy"dri*ad</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;, &?;, of the water, fr. <grk>"y`dwr</grk> water.] <i>(Myth.)</i> <def>A water nymph.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy"dric</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [From <u>Hydrogen</u>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Pertaining to, or containing, hydrogen; as, <i>hydric</i> oxide.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Hydric dioxide</b></col>. <i>(Chem.)</i> <cd>See <i>Hydrogen dioxide</i>, under <u>Hydrogen</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Hydric oxide</b></col> <i>(Chem.)</i>, <cd>water.</cd> — <col><b>Hydric sulphate</b></col> <i>(Chem.)</i>, <cd>hydrogen sulphate or sulphuric acid.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Hy"dride</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Hydr-</i> + <i>ide</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A compound of the binary type, in which hydrogen is united with some other element.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy"dri*form</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Hydra</i> + <i>-form</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Having the form or structure of a hydra.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Hy*dri"na</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Hydra</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The group of hydroids to which the fresh-water hydras belong.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy*dri"o*date</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>hydriodate</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Hydriodide</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy`dri*od"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Hydr-</i> + <i>iodic</i>: cf. F. <i>hydriodique</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, hydrogen and iodine; — said of an acid produced by the combination of these elements.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Hydriodic acid</b></col> <i>(Chem.)</i>, <cd>a pungent, colorless gas, HI, usually prepared as a solution in water. It is strong reducing agent. Called also <i>hydrogen iodide</i>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Hy*dri"o*dide</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A compound of hydriodic acid with a base; — distinguished from an <i>iodide</i>, in which only the iodine combines with the base.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Hy"dro-</hw> (?), <hw>Hy"dr-</hw>. } <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A combining form from Gr. &?;, &?;, water (see <u>Hydra</u>).</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A combining form of <i>hydrogen</i>, indicating <i>hydrogen as an ingredient</i>, as <i>hydro</i>chloric; or a <i>reduction product obtained by hydrogen</i>, as <i>hydro</i>quinone.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy`dro*ba*rom"e*ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Hydro- </i>, 1 + <i>barometer</i>.] <def>An instrument for determining the depth of the sea water by its pressure.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy`dro*bil`i*ru"bin</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Hydro- </i>, 2 + <i>bilirubin</i>.] <i>(Physiol. Chem.)</i> <def>A body formed from bilirubin, identical with urobilin.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Hy`dro*bran`chi*a"ta</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. <grk>"y`dwr</grk> water + &?; gills.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>An extensive artificial division of gastropod mollusks, including those that breathe by gills, as contrasted with the Pulmonifera.</def> — <wf>Hy`dro*bran"chi*ate</wf> (#), <pos><i>a.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Hy`dro*bro"mate</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Hydrobromide</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy`dro*bro"mic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Hydro-</i>, 2 + <i>bromic</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Composed of hydrogen and bromine; as, <i>hydrobromic</i> acid.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Hydrobromic acid</b></col> <i>(Chem.)</i>, <cd>a colorless, pungent, corrosive gas, HBr, usually collected as a solution in water. It resembles hydrochloric acid, but is weaker and less stable. Called also <i>hydrogen bromide</i>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Hy`dro*bro"mide</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A compound of hydrobromic acid with a base; — distinguished from a <i>bromide</i>, in which only the bromine unites with the base.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy`dro*car"bon</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Hydro-</i>, 2 + <i>carbon</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A compound containing only hydrogen and carbon, as methane, benzene, etc.; also, by extension, any of their derivatives.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Hydrocarbon burner</b></col>, <col><b>furnace</b></col>, <col><b>stove</b></col>, <cd>a burner, furnace, or stove with which liquid fuel, as petroleum, is used.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Hy`dro*car`bo*na"ceous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of the nature, or containing, hydrocarbons.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy`dro*car"bon*ate</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <i>(Old Chem.)</i> <def>A hydrocarbon.</def> [Obs.] <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A hydrous carbonate, as malachite.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy`dro*car`bo*sty"ril</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Hydro-</i>, 2 + <i>carbostyril</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A white, crystalline, nitrogenous hydrocarbon, C<sub>9</sub>H<sub>9</sub>NO, obtained from certain derivatives of cinnamic acid and closely related to quinoline and carbostyril.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy`dro*car"bu*ret</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Hydro- </i>, 2 + <i>carburet</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Carbureted hydrogen; also, a hydrocarbon.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Hy`dro*cau"lus</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Hydrocauli</b></plw> (#). [NL., fr. Gr. <grk>"y`dwr</grk> water + &?; a stalk.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The hollow stem of a hydroid, either simple or branched. See <i>Illust.</i> of <u>Gymnoblastea</u> and <u>Hydroidea</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy`dro*cele</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., fr. Gr. &?;; <grk>"y`dwr</grk> water + &?; tumor.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>A collection of serous fluid in the areolar texture of the scrotum or in the coverings, especially in the serous sac, investing the testicle or the spermatic cord; dropsy of the testicle.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy`dro*ce*phal"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Relating to, or connected with, hydrocephalus, or dropsy of the brain.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy`dro*ceph"a*loid</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Hydrocephalus</i> + <i>-oid</i>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Resembling hydrocephalus.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Hydrocephaloid affection</b></col> <i>(Med.)</i>, <cd>the group of symptoms which follow exhausting diarrhea in young children, resembling those of acute hydrocephalus, or tubercular meningitis.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Hy`dro*ceph"a*lous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having hydrocephalus.</def> "<i>Hydrocephalous</i> offspring." <i>G. Eliot.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hy`dro*ceph"a*lus</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?; hydrocephalus; <grk>"y`dwr</grk> water + &?; head.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>An accumulation of liquid within the cavity of the cranium, especially within the ventricles of the brain; dropsy of the brain. It is due usually to tubercular meningitis. When it occurs in infancy, it often enlarges the head enormously.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy`dro*chlo"rate</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Hydrochloride</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy`dro*chlo"ric</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Hydro-</i>, 2 + <i>chloric</i>: cf. F. <i>hydrochlorique</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Pertaining to, or compounded of, chlorine and hydrogen gas; as, <i>hydrochloric</i> acid; chlorhydric.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Hydrochloric acid</b></col> <i>(Chem.)</i>, <cd>hydrogen chloride; a colorless, corrosive gas, HCl, of pungent, suffocating odor. It is made in great quantities in the soda process, by the action of sulphuric acid on common salt. It has a great affinity for water, and the commercial article is a strong solution of the gas in water. It is a typical acid, and is an indispensable agent in commercial and general chemical work. Called also <i>muriatic, &and; chlorhydric, acid</i>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Hy`dro*chlo"ride</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A compound of hydrochloric acid with a base; — distinguished from a <i>chloride</i>, where only chlorine unites with the base.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Hy`dro*co*ral"li*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Hydra</u>, and <u>Coral</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A division of Hydroidea, including those genera that secrete a stony coral, as <i>Millepora</i> and <i>Stylaster</i>. Two forms of zooids in life project from small pores in the coral and resemble those of other hydroids. See <u>Millepora</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy`dro*cy"a*nate</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>See <u>Hydrocyanide</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy`dro*cy*an"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Hydro-</i>, 2 + <i>anic</i>: cf. F. <i>hydrocyanique</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from the combination of, hydrogen and cyanogen.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Hydrocyanic acid</b></col> <i>(Chem.)</i>, <cd>a colorless, mobile, volatile liquid, HCN, having a characteristic peach-blossom odor. It is one of the most deadly poisons. It is made by the action of sulphuric acid on yellow prussiate of potassium (potassium ferrocyanide), and chemically resembles hydrochloric and hydrobromic acids. Called also <i>prussic acid</i>, <i>hydrogen cyanide</i>, etc.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Hy`dro*cy"a*nide</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A compound of hydrocyanic acid with a base; — distinguished from a <i>cyanide</i>, in which only the cyanogen so combines.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Hy`dro*dy*nam"ic</hw> (?), <hw>Hy`dro*dy*nam"ic*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Hydro-</i>, 1 + <i>dynamic</i>, <i>- ical</i>: cf. F. <i>hydrodynamique</i>.] <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, the dynamical action of water of a liquid; of or pertaining to water power.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Hydrodynamic friction</b></col>, <cd>friction produced by the viscosity of a liquid in motion.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Hy`dro*dy*nam"ics</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Hydro- </i>, 1 + <i>dynamics</i>: cf. F. <i>hydrodynamique</i>.] <def>That branch of the science of mechanics which relates to fluids, or, as usually limited, which treats of the laws of motion and action of nonelastic fluids, whether as investigated mathematically, or by observation and experiment; the principles of dynamics, as applied to water and other fluids.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The word is sometimes used as a general term, including both hydrostatics and hydraulics, together with pneumatics and acoustics. See <u>Hydraulics</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Hy`dro*dy`na*mom"e*ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Hydro-</i>, 1 + <i>dynamometer</i>.] <def>An instrument to measure the velocity of a liquid current by the force of its impact.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy`dro-e*lec"tric</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Hydro- </i>, 1 + <i>electric</i>.] <def>Pertaining to, employed in, or produced by, the evolution of electricity by means of a battery in which water or steam is used.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Hydro-electric machine</b></col> <i>(Physics)</i>, <cd>an apparatus invented by Sir William Armstrong of England for generating electricity by the escape of high-pressure steam from a series of jets connected with a strong boiler, in which the steam is produced.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Hy`dro-ex*tract"or</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Hydro- </i>, 1 + <i>extractor</i>.] <def>An apparatus for drying anything, as yarn, cloth, sugar, etc., by centrifugal force; a centrifugal.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy`dro*fer`ri*cy*an"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Hydro-</i>, 2 + <i>ferricyanic</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Pertaining to, or containing, or obtained from, hydrogen, ferric iron, and cyanogen; as, <i>hydroferricyanic</i> acid. See <u>Ferricyanic</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy`dro*fer`ro*cy*an"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Hydro-</i>, 2 + <i>ferrocyanic</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Pertaining to, or containing, or obtained from, hydrogen, ferrous iron, and cyanogen; as, <i>hydroferrocyanic</i> acid. See <u>Ferrocyanic</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy`dro*flu"ate</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A supposed compound of hydrofluoris acid and a base; a fluoride.</def> [Archaic]</p>

<p><hw>Hy`dro*flu*or"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Hydro- </i>, 2 + <i>fluoric</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Pertaining to, or containing, hydrogen and fluorine; fluohydric; as, <i>hydrofluoric</i> acid.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Hydrofluoric acid</b></col> <i>(Chem.)</i>, <cd>a colorless, mobile, volatile liquid, HF, very corrosive in its action, and having a strong, pungent, suffocating odor. It is produced by the action of sulphuric acid on fluorite, and is usually collected as a solution in water. It attacks all silicates, as glass or porcelain, is the agent employed in etching glass, and is preserved only in vessels of platinum, lead, caoutchouc, or gutta-percha.</cd></p>

<p><! p. 717 !></p>

<p><hw>Hy`dro*flu`o*sil"i*cate</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A salt of hydrofluosilic acid; a silicofluoride. See <u>Silicofluoride</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy`dro*flu`o*si*lic"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Hydro-</i>, 2 + <i>fluo</i>rine + <i>silicic</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Pertaining to, or denoting, a compound consisting of a double fluoride of hydrogen and silicon; silicofluoric. See <u>Silicofluoric</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy`dro*gal*van"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Hydro- </i>, 1 + <i>galvanic</i>.] <def>Pertaining to, produced by, or consisting of, electricity evolved by the action or use of fluids; as, <i>hydrogalvanic</i> currents.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Hy"dro*gen</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Hydro-</i>, 1 + <i>-gen</i>: cf. F. <i>hydrog&egrave;ne</i>. So called because water is generated by its combustion. See <u>Hydra</u>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A gaseous element, colorless, tasteless, and odorless, the lightest known substance, being fourteen and a half times lighter than air (hence its use in filling balloons), and over eleven thousand times lighter than water. It is very abundant, being an ingredient of water and of many other substances, especially those of animal or vegetable origin. It may by produced in many ways, but is chiefly obtained by the action of acids (as sulphuric) on metals, as zinc, iron, etc. It is very inflammable, and is an ingredient of coal gas and water gas. It is standard of chemical equivalents or combining weights, and also of valence, being the typical monad. Symbol H. Atomic weight 1.</def></p>

<p>&fist; Although a gas, hydrogen is chemically similar to the metals in its nature, having the properties of a weak base. It is, in all acids, the base which is replaced by metals and basic radicals to form salts. Like all other gases, it is condensed by great cold and pressure to a liquid which freezes and solidifies by its own evaporation. It is absorbed in large quantities by certain metals (esp. palladium), forming alloy-like compounds; hence, in view of quasi-metallic nature, it is sometimes called <i>hydrogenium</i>. It is the typical reducing agent, as opposed to oxidizers, as oxygen, chlorine, etc.</p>

<p><col><b>Bicarbureted hydrogen</b></col>, <cd>an old name for ethylene.</cd> — <col><b>Carbureted hydrogen gas</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Carbureted</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Hydrogen dioxide</b></col>, <cd>a thick, colorless liquid, H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, resembling water, but having a bitter, sour taste, produced by the action of acids on barium peroxide. It decomposes into water and oxygen, and is manufactured in large quantities for an oxidizing and bleaching agent. Called also <i>oxygenated water</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Hydrogen oxide</b></col>, <cd>a chemical name for water, H&?;O.</cd> — <col><b>Hydrogen sulphide</b></col>, <cd>a colorless inflammable gas, H<sub>2</sub>S, having the characteristic odor of bad eggs, and found in many mineral springs. It is produced by the action of acids on metallic sulphides, and is an important chemical reagent. Called also <i>sulphureted hydrogen</i>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Hy"dro*gen*ate</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Hydrogenated</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Hydrogenating</u> (?).] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>To hydrogenize.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy`dro*gen*a"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>The act of combining with hydrogen, or the state of being so combined.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy"dro*gen*ide</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A binary compound containing hydrogen; a hydride. [R.] See <u>Hydride</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy`dro*ge"ni*um</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Hydrogen</u>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Hydrogen; — called also in view of its supposed metallic nature.</def> <i>Graham.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hy"dro*gen*ize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Hydrogenized</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Hydrogenizing</u> (?).] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>To combine with hydrogen; to treat with, or subject to the action of, hydrogen; to reduce; — contrasted with <i>oxidize</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy*drog"e*nous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to hydrogen; containing hydrogen.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy*drog"no*sy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Hydro-</i>, 1 + Gr. &?; knowledge.] <def>A treatise upon, or a history and description of, the water of the earth.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy"drog*ode</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Hydrog</i>en + Gr. &?; way. path.] <i>(Elec.)</i> <def>The negative pole or cathode.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Hy*drog"ra*pher</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One skilled in the hydrography; one who surveys, or draws maps or charts of, the sea, lakes, or other waters, with the adjacent shores; one who describes the sea or other waters.</def> <i>Boyle.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Hy`dro*graph"ic</hw> (?), <hw>Hy`dro*graph"ic*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or relating to hydrography.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy*drog"ra*phy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Hydro-</i>, 1 + <i>-graphy</i>: cf. F. <i>hydrographie</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The art of measuring and describing the sea, lakes, rivers, and other waters, with their phenomena.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>That branch of surveying which embraces the determination of the contour of the bottom of a harbor or other sheet of water, the depth of soundings, the position of channels and shoals, with the construction of charts exhibiting these particulars.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy*drog"u*ret</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From <u>Hydrogen</u>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A hydride.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Hy"droid</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Hydra</i> + <i>- oid</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Related to, or resembling, the hydra; of or pertaining to the Hydroidea.</def> — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One of the Hydroideas.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Hy*droi"de*a</hw>, <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Hydra</u>, and <u>-oid</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>An extensive order of Hydrozoa or Acaleph&aelig;.</def> [Written also <i>Hydroida</i>.]</p>

<p>&fist; This order includes the hydras and the free-swimming hydromedus&aelig;, together with a great variety of marine attached hydroids, many of which grow up into large, elegantly branched forms, consisting of a vast number of zooids (hydranths, gonophores, etc.), united by hollow stems. All the zooids of a colony are produced from one primary zooid, by successive buddings. The Siphonophora have also been included in this order by some writers. See <u>Gymnoblastea</u>, <u>Hydromedusa</u>, <u>Gonosome</u>, <u>Gonotheca</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Hy`dro*ki*net"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Hydro- </i>, 1 + <i>kinetic</i>.] <def>Of or pertaining to the motions of fluids, or the forces which produce or affect such motions; — opposed to <i>hydrostatic</i>.</def> <i>Sir W. Thomson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hy`dro*log"ic*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to hydrology.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy*drol"o*gist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One skilled in hydrology.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy*drol"o*gy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Hydro-</i>, 1 + <i>-logy</i>: cf. F. <i>hydrologie</i>.] <def>The science of water, its properties, phenomena, and distribution over the earth's surface.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy`dro*lyt"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Hydro-</i>, 1 + Gr. &?; to loose.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Tending to remove or separate water; eliminating water.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Hydrolytic</i> agents, such as sulphuric acid or caustic alkali.</blockquote> <i>Encyc. Brit.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Hydrolytic ferment</b></col> <i>(Physiol. Chem.)</i>, <cd>a ferment, enzyme, or chemical ferment, which acts only in the presence of water, and which causes the substance acted upon to take up a molecule of water. Thus, diastase of malt, ptyalin of saliva, and boiling dilute sulphuric acid all convert starch by hydration into dextrin and sugar. Nearly all of the digestive ferments are hydrolytic in their action.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Hy`dro*mag"ne*site</hw> (h&imacr;`dr&osl;*m&abreve;g"n&esl;*s&imacr;t), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Hydro-</i>, 1 + <i>magnesite</i>.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>A hydrous carbonate of magnesia occurring in white, earthy, amorphous masses.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy"dro*man`cy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Hydro-</i>, 1 + <i>-mancy</i>: cf. F. <i>hydromancie</i>.] <def>Divination by means of water, — practiced by the ancients.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy`dro*man"tic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>hydromantique</i>.] <def>Of or pertaining to divination by water.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy`dro*me*chan"ics</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Hydro- </i>, 1 + <i>mechanics</i>.] <def>That branch of physics which treats of the mechanics of liquids, or of their laws of equilibrium and of motion.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Hy`dro*me*du"sa</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Hydromedus&aelig;</b></plw> (#). [NL. See <u>Hydra</u>, and <u>Medusa</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any medusa or jellyfish which is produced by budding from a hydroid. They are called also <i>Craspedota</i>, and <i>naked-eyed medus&aelig;</i>.</def></p>

<p>&fist; Such medus&aelig; are the reproductive zooids or gonophores, either male or female, of the hydroid from which they arise, whether they become free or remain attached to the hydroid colony. They in turn produce the eggs from which the hydroids are developed. The name is also applied to other similar medus&aelig; which are not known to bud from a hydroid colony, and even to some which are known to develop directly from the eggs, but which in structure agree essentially with those produced from hydroids. See <u>Hydroidea</u>, and <u>Gymnoblastea</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Hy"dro*mel</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>hydromel</i>, <i>hydromeli</i>, Gr. &?;; &?; water + &?; honey: cf. F. <i>hydromel</i>.] <def>A liquor consisting of honey diluted in water, and after fermentation called <i>mead</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy`dro*mel*lon"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Cyamellone</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy`dro*met`al*lur"gic*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to hydrometallurgy; involving the use of liquid reagents in the treatment or reduction of ores.</def> — <wf>Hy`dro*met`al*lur"gic*al*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Hy`dro*met"al*lur`gy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Hydro- </i>, 1 + <i>metallurgy</i>.] <def>The art or process of assaying or reducing ores by means of liquid reagents.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy`dro*me"te*or</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Hydro-</i>, 1 + <i>meteor</i>.] <def>A meteor or atmospheric phenomenon dependent upon the vapor of water; — in the <i>pl.</i>, a general term for the whole aqueous phenomena of the atmosphere, as rain, snow, hail, etc.</def> <i>Nichol.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hy`dro*me`te*or`o*log"ic*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to hydrometeorology, or to rain, clouds, storms, etc.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy`dro*me`te*or*ol"o*gy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Hydro-</i>, 1 + <i>meteorology</i>.] <def>That branch of meteorology which relates to, or treats of, water in the atmosphere, or its phenomena, as rain, clouds, snow, hail, storms, etc.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy*drom"e*ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Hydro-</i>, 1 + <i>-meter</i>: cf. F. <i>hydrom&egrave;tre</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Physics)</i> <def>An instrument for determining the specific gravities of liquids, and thence the strength spirituous liquors, saline solutions, etc.</def></p>

<p>&fist; It is usually made of glass with a graduated stem, and indicates the specific gravity of a liquid by the depth to which it sinks in it, the zero of the scale marking the depth to which it sinks in pure water. Extra weights are sometimes used to adapt the scale to liquids of different densities.</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>An instrument, variously constructed, used for measuring the velocity or discharge of water, as in rivers, from reservoirs, etc., and called by various specific names according to its construction or use, as <i>tachometer</i>, <i>rheometer</i>, <i>hydrometer</i>, <i>pendulum</i>, etc.; a current gauge.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Hy`dro*met"ric</hw> (?), <hw>Hy`dro*met"ric*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>hydrom&egrave;trique</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Of or pertaining to an hydrometer, or to the determination of the specific gravity of fluids.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Of or pertaining to measurement of the velocity, discharge, etc., of running water.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Made by means of an hydrometer; as, <i>hydrometric</i> observations.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Hydrometric pendulum</b></col>, <cd>a species of hydrometer consisting of a hollow ball of ivory or metal suspended by a treated from the center of a graduated quadrant, and held in a stream to measure the velocity of the water by the inclination given to the thread; a kind of current gauge.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Hy`dro*met"ro*graph</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Hydro- </i>, 1 + Gr. &?; measure + <i>-graph</i>.] <def>An instrument for determining and recording the quantity of water discharged from a pipe, orifice, etc., in a given time.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy*drom"e*try</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>hydrom&egrave;trique</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The art of determining the specific gravity of liquids, and thence the strength of spirituous liquors, saline solutions, etc.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The art or operation of measuring the velocity or discharge of running water, as in rivers, etc.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy`dro*mi"ca</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Hydro-</i>, 1 + <i>mica</i>.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>A variety of potash mica containing water. It is less elastic than ordinary muscovite.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Hydromica schist</b></col> <i>(Min.)</i>, <cd>a mica schist characterized by the presence of hydromica. It often has a silky luster and almost soapy feel.</cd></p>

<p><hw>||Hy`dro*ne*phro"sis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., Gr. <grk>"y`dwr</grk> water + &?; a kidney.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>An accumulation of urine in the pelvis of the kidney, occasioned by obstruction in the urinary passages.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy"dro*path</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>hydropathe</i>.] <def>A hydropathist.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Hy`dro*path"ic</hw> (?), <hw>Hy`dro*path"ic*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to hydropathy.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy*drop"a*thist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who practices hydropathy; a water-cure doctor.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy*drop"a*thy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Hydro-</i>, 1 + Gr. &?;, &?;, to suffer.] <def>The water cure; a mode of treating diseases by the copious and frequent use of pure water, both internally and externally.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Hy`dro*per`i*to*ne"um</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Hydro-</u>, and <u>Peritoneum</u>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Ascites</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy"dro*phane</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Hydro-</i>, 1 + Gr. &?; to show, appear: cf. F. <i>hydrophane</i>.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>A semitranslucent variety of opal that becomes translucent or transparent on immersion in water.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy*droph"a*nous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Min.)</i> <def>Made transparent by immersion in water.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy"dro*phid</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Hydro-</i>, 1 + Gr. &?; a small serpent.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any sea snake of the genus <i>Hydrophys</i> and allied genera. These snakes are venomous, live upon fishes, and have a flattened tail for swimming.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy`dro*phlo"rone</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Hydro- </i>, 2 + <i>phlorone</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A white, crystalline benzene derivative, C<sub>8</sub>H<sub>10</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, obtained by the reduction of phlorone.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy`dro*pho"bi*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., fr. Gr. &?;; <grk>"y`dwr</grk> water + &?; fear: cf. F. <i>hydrophobie</i>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>An abnormal dread of water, said to be a symptom of canine madness; hence:</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The disease caused by a bite form, or inoculation with the saliva of, a rabid creature, of which the chief symptoms are, a sense of dryness and construction in the throat, causing difficulty in deglutition, and a marked heightening of reflex excitability, producing convulsions whenever the patient attempts to swallow, or is disturbed in any way, as by the sight or sound of water; rabies; canine madness.</def> [Written also <i>hydrophoby</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Hy`dro*phob"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>hydrophobicus</i>, Gr. &?;: cf. F. <i>hydrophobique</i>.] <def>Of or pertaining to hydrophobia; producing or caused by rabies; as, <i>hydrophobic</i> symptoms; the <i>hydrophobic</i> poison.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy"dro*pho`by</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Hydrophobia</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Hy*droph"o*ra</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr. E. <i>hydra</i> + Gr. &?; to bear.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The Hydroidea.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy"dro*phore</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>"y`dwr</grk> water + &?; to bear.] <def>An instrument used for the purpose of obtaining specimens of water from any desired depth, as in a river, a lake, or the ocean.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Hy`dro*phyl"li*um</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> L. <plw><b>Hydrophyllia</b></plw> (#), E. <plw><b>Hydrophylliums</b></plw> (#). [NL., fr. Gr. <grk>"y`dwr</grk> water + &?; a leaf.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of the flat, leaflike, protective zooids, covering other zooids of certain Siphonophora.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy"dro*phyte</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; + &?; plant: cf. F. <i>hydrophyte</i>.] <def>An aquatic plant; an alga.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy*droph`y*tol"o*gy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Hydro- </i> + <i>phyte</i> + <i>-logy</i>.] <def>The branch of botany which treats of water plants.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Hy*drop"ic</hw> (?), <hw>Hy*drop"ic*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>hydropicus</i>, Gr. &?;: cf. F. <i>hydropique</i>. See <u>Dropsy</u>.] <def>Dropsical, or resembling dropsy.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Every lust is a kind of <i>hydropic</i> distemper, and the more we drink the more we shall thirst.</blockquote> <i>Tillotson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hy*drop"ic*al*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a hydropical manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Hy"dro*pi`per</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. <grk>"y`dwr</grk> water + L. <i>piper</i> a pepper.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A species (<i>Polygonum Hydropiper</i>) of knotweed with acrid foliage; water pepper; smartweed.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy`dro*pneu*mat"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Hydro- </i>, 1 + <i>pneumatic</i>: cf. F. <i>hydropneumatique</i>.] <def>Pertaining to, or depending upon, both liquid and gaseous substances; as, <i>hydropneumatic</i> apparatus for collecting gases over water or other liquids.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy"drop`sy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Dropsy</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy"dro*pult</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Hydro-</i>, 1 + Gr. &?; to hurl.] <def>A machine for throwing water by hand power, as a garden engine, a fire extinguisher, etc.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy`dro*qui"none</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Hydro-</i>, 2 + <i>quinone</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A white crystalline substance, C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>(OH)<sub>2</sub>, obtained by the reduction of quinone. It is a diacid phenol, resembling, and metameric with, pyrocatechin and resorcin. Called also <i>dihydroxy benzene</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Hy`dro*rhi"za</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> L. <plw><b>Hydrorhiz&aelig;</b></plw> (#), E. <plw><b>Hydrorhizas</b></plw> (#). [NL., fr. E. <i>hydra</i> + Gr. &?; a root.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The rootstock or decumbent stem by which a hydroid is attached to other objects. See <i>Illust.</i> under <u>Hydroidea</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy"dro*salt`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Hydro-</i>, 1 + <i>salt</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A salt supposed to be formed by a hydracid and a base.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>An acid salt.</def> [R.] <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <def>A hydrous salt; a salt combined with water of hydration or crystallization.</def></p>

<p><! p. 718 !></p>

<p><hw>Hy"dro*scope</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Hydro-</i>, 1 + <i>-scope</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>An instrument designed to mark the presence of water, especially in air.</def> <i>Weale.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A kind of water clock, used anciently for measuring time, the water tricking from an orifice at the end of a graduated tube.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Hy"dro*some</hw> (?), <hw>||Hy`dro*so"ma</hw> (?) }, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL. <i>hydrosoma</i>. See <u>Hydra</u>, and <u>-some</u> body.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>All the zooids of a hydroid colony collectively, including the nutritive and reproductive zooids, and often other kinds.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy`dro*sor"bic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Hydro-</i>, 2 + <i>sorbic</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, an acid obtained from sorbic acid when this takes up hydrogen; as, <i>hydrosorbic</i> acid.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy"dro*stat</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A contrivance or apparatus to prevent the explosion of steam boilers.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Hy`dro*stat"ic</hw> (?), <hw>Hy`dro*stat"ic*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Hydro-</i>, 1 + Gr. &?; causing to stand: cf. F. <i>hydrostatique.</i> See <u>Static</u>.] <def>Of or relating to hydrostatics; pertaining to, or in accordance with, the principles of the equilibrium of fluids.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The first discovery made in <i>hydrostatics</i> since the time of Archimedes is due to Stevinus.</blockquote> <i>Hallam.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Hydrostatic balance</b></col>, <cd>a balance for weighing substances in water, for the purpose of ascertaining their specific gravities.</cd> — <col><b>Hydrostatic bed</b></col>, <cd>a water bed.</cd> — <col><b>Hydrostatic bellows</b></col>, <cd>an apparatus consisting of a water-tight bellowslike case with a long, upright tube, into which water may be poured to illustrate the hydrostatic paradox.</cd> — <col><b>Hydrostatic paradox</b></col>, <cd>the proposition in hydrostatics that any quantity of water, however small, may be made to counterbalance any weight, however great; or the law of the equality of pressure of fluids in all directions.</cd> — <col><b>Hydrostatic press</b></col>, <cd>a machine in which great force, with slow motion, is communicated to a large plunger by means of water forced into the cylinder in which it moves, by a forcing pump of small diameter, to which the power is applied, the principle involved being the same as in the hydrostatic bellows. Also called <i>hydraulic press</i>, and <i>Bramah press</i>. In the illustration, <i>a</i> is a pump with a small plunger <i>b</i>, which forces the water into the cylinder <i>c</i>, thus driving upward the large plunder <i>d</i>, which performs the reduced work, such as compressing cotton bales, etc.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Hy`dro*stat"ic*al*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>According to hydrostatics, or to hydrostatic principles.</def> <i>Bentley.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hy`dro*sta*ti"cian</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who is versed or skilled in hydrostatics.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Hy`dro*stat"ics</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>hydrostatique</i>.] <i>(Physics)</i> <def>The branch of science which relates to the pressure and equilibrium of nonelastic fluids, as water, mercury, etc.; the principles of statics applied to water and other liquids.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy`dro*sul"phate</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Hydrosulphurent</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy`dro*sul"phide</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>One of a series of compounds, derived from hydrogen sulphide by the replacement of half its hydrogen by a base or basic radical; as, potassium <i>hydrosulphide</i>, KSH. The hydrosulphides are analogous to the hydrates and include the mercaptans.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy`dro*sul"phite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A saline compound of hydrosulphurous acid and a base.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Hy`dro*sul"phu*ret</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A hydrosulphide.</def> [Archaic]</p>

<p><hw>Hy`dro*sul"phu*ret`ed</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Combined with hydrogen sulphide.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy`dro*sul*phu"ric</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Hydro- </i>, 2 + <i>sulphuric</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, hydrogen and sulphur; as, <i>hydrosulphuric</i> acid, a designation applied to the solution of hydrogen sulphide in water.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy`dro*sul"phur*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, an acid obtained by the reduction of sulphurous acid. See <i>Hyposulphurous acid</i>, under <u>Hyposulphurous</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy`dro*tel"lu*rate</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A salt formed by the union of hydrotelluric acid and the base.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy`dro*tel*lu"ric</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Hydro- </i>, 2 + <i>telluric</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Formed by hydrogen and tellurium; as, <i>hydrotelluric</i> acid, or hydrogen telluride.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Hy`dro*the"ca</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> L. <plw><b>Hydrothec&aelig;</b></plw> (#), E. <plw><b>Hydrothecas</b></plw> (#). [NL., fr. E. <i>hydra</i> + Gr. &?; a box.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of the calicles which, in some Hydroidea (Thecaphora), protect the hydrants. See <i>Illust.</i> of <u>Hydroidea</u>, and <u>Campanularian</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy`dro*ther"a*py</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Hydro- </i>, 1 + <i>therapy</i>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>See <u>Hydropathy</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy`dro*ther"mal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Hydro-</i>, 1 + <i>thermal</i>.] <def>Of or pertaining to hot water; — used esp. with reference to the action of heated waters in dissolving, redepositing, and otherwise producing mineral changes within the crust of the globe.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy`dro*tho"rax</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Hydro-</i>, 1 + <i>thorax</i>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>An accumulation of serous fluid in the cavity of the chest.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy*drot"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>"y`dwr</grk> water: cf. Gr. &?; moisture, F. <i>hydrotique</i>.] <def>Causing a discharge of water or phlegm.</def> — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>A hydrotic medicine.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy*drot"ic*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Hydrotic.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy"dro*trope</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Hydro-</i>, 1 + Gr. &?; to turn, direct.] <def>A device for raising water by the direct action of steam; a pulsometer.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy`dro*trop"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See <u>Hydrotrope</u>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Turning or bending towards moisture, as roots.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy*drot"ro*pism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A tendency towards moisture.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy"drous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>"y`dwr</grk> water.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Containing water; watery.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Containing water of hydration or crystallization.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy`dro*xan"thane</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A persulphocyanate.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Hy`dro*xan"thic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Hydro-</i>, 2 + <i>xanthic</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Persulphocyanic.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy*drox"ide</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Hydro-</i>, 2 + <i>oxide</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A hydrate; a substance containing hydrogen and oxygen, made by combining water with an oxide, and yielding water by elimination. The hydroxides are regarded as compounds of hydroxyl, united usually with basic element or radical; as, calcium <i>hydroxide</i> ethyl <i>hydroxide</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy*drox"y-</hw> (?). <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A combining form, also used adjectively, indicating <i>hydroxyl</i> as an ingredient.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Hydroxy acid</b></col> <i>(Chem.)</i>, <cd>an organic acid, having (besides the hydroxyl group of the carboxyl radical) an alcoholic hydroxyl group, and thus having the qualities of an alcohol in addition to its acid properties; as, lactic and tartaric acids are <i>hydroxy</i> acids.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Hy*drox"yl</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Hydro-</i>, 2 + <i>ox</i>ygen + <i>-yl</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A compound radical, or unsaturated group, HO, consisting of one atom of hydrogen and one of oxygen. It is a characteristic part of the hydrates, the alcohols, the oxygen acids, etc.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy*drox`yl*am"ine</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Hydroxyl</i> + <i>amine</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A nitrogenous, organic base, NH<sub>2</sub>.OH, resembling ammonia, and produced by a modified reduction of nitric acid. It is usually obtained as a volatile, unstable solution in water. It acts as a strong reducing agent.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Hy`dro*zo"a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr. E. <i>hydra</i> + Gr. &?; an animal.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The Acaleph&aelig;; one of the classes of c&oelig;lenterates, including the Hydroidea, Discophora, and Siphonophora.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy`dro*zo"al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to the Hydrozoa.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Hy`dro*zo"&ouml;n</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> L. <plw><b>Hydrozoa</b></plw> (#), E. <plw><b>Hydrozo&ouml;ns</b></plw> (#). [NL.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of the Hydrozoa.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy"dru*ret</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Hydro-</i>, 2] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A binary compound of hydrogen; a hydride.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>||Hy"drus</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., a water serpent; also, a certain constellation, Gr. <grk>"y`dros</grk>.] <i>(Astron.)</i> <def>A constellation of the southern hemisphere, near the south pole.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hye</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. & v.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Hie</u>.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hy*e"mal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>hyemalis</i>, or better <i>hiemalis</i>, fr. <i>hyems</i>, <i>hiems</i>, winter: cf. F. <i>hy&eacute;mal</i>.] <def>Belonging to winter; done in winter.</def> <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hy"e*mate</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [L. <i>hiemare</i>, <i>hiematum</i>. See <u>Hyemal</u>.] <def>To pass the winter.</def> [Obs. & R.]</p>

<p><hw>Hy`e*ma"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>hiematio</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The passing of a winter in a particular place; a wintering.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The act of affording shelter in winter.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Hy"en</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>hy&egrave;ne</i>.] <def>A hyena.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hy*e"na</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Hyenas</b></plw> (#). [L. <i>hyaena</i>, Gr. &?;, orig., a sow, but usually, a Libyan wild beast, prob., the hyena, fr. &?; hog: cf. F. <i>hy&egrave;ne</i>. See <u>Sow</u> female hog.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any carnivorous mammal of the family <i>Hy&aelig;nid&aelig;</i>, of which three living species are known. They are large and strong, but cowardly. They feed chiefly on carrion, and are nocturnal in their habits.</def> [Written also <i>hy&aelig;na</i>.]</p>

<p>&fist; The striped hyena (<i>Hy&aelig;na striata</i>) inhabits Southern Asia and a large part of Africa. The brown hyena (<i>H. brunnea</i>), and the spotted hyena (<i>Crocuta maculata</i>), are found in Southern Africa. The extinct cave hyena (<i>H. spel&aelig;a</i>) inhabited England and France.</p>

<p><col><b>Cave hyena</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Cave</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Hyena dog</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a South African canine animal (<i>Lycaon venaticus</i>), which hunts in packs, chiefly at night. It is smaller than the common wolf, with very large, erect ears, and a bushy tail. Its color is reddish or yellowish brown, blotched with black and white. Called also <i>hunting dog</i>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Hy"e*tal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; rain, from &?; to rain.] <def>Of or pertaining to rain; descriptive of the distribution of rain, or of rainy regions.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy"e*to*graph</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; rain + <i>-graph</i>.] <def>A chart or graphic representation of the average distribution of rain over the surface of the earth.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy`e*to*graph"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to to hyetography.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy`e*tog"ra*phy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The branch of physical science which treats of the geographical distribution of rain.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy*ge"ia</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>Hygea</i>, <i>Hygia</i>, fr. Gr. &?;, &?;, health, &?;, Hygeia, fr. &?; sound, healthy.] <i>(Classic Myth.)</i> <def>The goddess of health, daughter of Esculapius.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy*ge"ian</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Relating to Hygeia, the goddess of health; of or pertaining to health, or its preservation.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy"ge*ist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One skilled in hygiena; a hygienist.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy"gie*ist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A hygienist.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy"gi*ene</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>hygi&egrave;ne</i>. See <u>Hygeia</u>.] <def>That department of sanitary science which treats of the preservation of health, esp. of households and communities; a system of principles or rules designated for the promotion of health.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy`gi*en"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>hygi&eacute;nique</i>.] <def>Of or pertaining to health or hygiene; sanitary.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy`gi*en"ics</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The science of health; hygiene.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy"gi*en*ism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Hygiene.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy"gi*en*ist</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One versed in hygiene.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy`gi*ol"o*gy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; health + <i>-logy</i>.] <def>A treatise on, or the science of, the preservation of health.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Hy"grine</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From Gr. &?; moist.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>An alkaloid associated with cocaine in coca leaves (<i>Erythroxylon coca</i>), and extracted as a thick, yellow oil, having a pungent taste and odor.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy"gro*deik</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; wet, moist, and &?; to show.] <i>(Physics)</i> <def>A form of hygrometer having wet and dry bulb thermometers, with an adjustable index showing directly the percentage of moisture in the air, etc.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy"gro*graph</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; wet + <i>-graph</i>.] <i>(Physics)</i> <def>An instrument for recording automatically the variations of the humidity of the atmosphere.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy*grol"o*gy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; wet + <i>-logy</i>: cf. F. <i>hygrologie</i>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>The science which treats of the fluids of the body.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy*grom"e*ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; wet, moist + <i>-meter</i>: cf. F. <i>hygrom&egrave;tre</i>.] <i>(Physics)</i> <def>An instrument for measuring the degree of moisture of the atmosphere.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Daniell's hygrometer</b></col>, <cd>a form of hygrometer consisting of a bent glass tube terminating in two bulbs, the one covered with muslin, the other of black glass, and containing ether and a thermometer. Ether being poured on the muslin, the black ball, cooled by the evaporation of the ether within, is soon covered with dew; at this moment, the inclosed thermometer gives the dew-point, and this, compared with the reading of one in the air, determines the humidity.</cd></p>

<p>{ <hw>Hy`gro*met"ric</hw> (?), <hw>Hy`gro*met"ric*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>hygrom&eacute;trique</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Of or pertaining to hygrometry; made with, or according to, the hygrometer; as, <i>hygrometric</i> observations.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Readily absorbing and retaining moisture; as, <i>hygrometric</i> substances, like potash.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy*grom"e*try</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>hygrom&eacute;trie</i>.] <i>(Physics)</i> <def>That branch of physics which relates to the determination of the humidity of bodies, particularly of the atmosphere, with the theory and use of the instruments constructed for this purpose.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy*groph"a*nous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; wet + &?; to show.] <def>Having such a structure as to be diaphanous when moist, and opaque when dry.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy`groph*thal"mic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; wet + E. <i>ophthalmic</i>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Serving to moisten the eye; — sometimes applied to the lachrymal ducts.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy"gro*plasm</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; wet + &?; form, mold.] <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>The fluid portion of the cell protoplasm, in opposition to <i>stereoplasm</i>, the solid or insoluble portion. The latter is supposed to be partly nutritive and partly composed of idioplasm.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy"gro*scope</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; wet + <i>-scope</i>: cf. F. <i>hygroscope</i>.] <i>(Physics)</i> <def>An instrument which shows whether there is more or less moisture in the atmosphere, without indicating its amount.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy`gro*scop"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>hygroscopique</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Of or pertaining to, or indicated by, the hygroscope; not readily manifest to the senses, but capable of detection by the hygroscope; as, glass is often covered with a film of <i>hygroscopic</i> moisture.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Having the property of readily inbibing moisture from the atmosphere, or of the becoming coated with a thin film of moisture, as glass, etc.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy`gro*sco*pic"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The property possessed by vegetable tissues of absorbing or discharging moisture according to circumstances.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy`gro*stat"ics</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; wet + &?;. See <u>Statics</u>.] <def>The science or art of comparing or measuring degrees of moisture.</def> <i>Evelyn.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hyke</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Haik</u>, and <u>Huke</u>.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Hy"l&aelig;*o*saur`</hw> (?), <hw>||Hy`l&aelig;*o*sau"rus</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL. <i>hylaeosaurus</i>, fr. Gr. &?; belonging to a forest (fr. &?; wood) + &?; a lizard.] <i>(Paleon.)</i> <def>A large Wealden dinosaur from the Tilgate Forest, England. It was about twenty feet long, protected by bony plates in the skin, and armed with spines.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy*lar"chi*cal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; wood, matter + &?;: cf. F. <i>hylarchique</i>. See <u>Archical</u>.] <def>Presiding over matter.</def> [Obs.] <i>Hallywell.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hy"le*o*saur"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Hyl&aelig;osaur</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hyl"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to matter; material; corporeal; as, <i>hylic</i> influences.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy"li*cist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; adj., material, fr. &?; wood, matter.] <def>A philosopher who treats chiefly of matter; one who adopts or teaches hylism.</def></p>

<p><! p. 719 !></p>

<p><hw>Hy"lism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; wood, matter.] <i>(Metaph.)</i> <def>A theory which regards matter as the original principle of evil.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy"lo*bate</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; one that walks or inhabits the woods: &?; a wood + &?; to go.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any species of the genus <i>Hylobates</i>; a gibbon, or long-armed ape. See <u>Gibbon</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Hy*lo"des</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?; woody, wooded, muddy; &?; a wood + &?; form.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The piping frog (<i>Hyla Pickeringii</i>), a small American tree frog, which in early spring, while breeding in swamps and ditches, sings with high, shrill, but musical, notes.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy"lo*ism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Hylotheism</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy"lo*ist</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; wood, matter.] <def>Same as <u>Hylotheist</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy*lop"a*thism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; matter + &?;, &?;, to suffer.] <def>The doctrine that matter is sentient.</def> <i>Krauth-Fleming.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hy*lop"a*thist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who believes in hylopathism.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy*loph"a*gous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; wood + &?; to eat.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Eating green shoots, as certain insects do.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy"lo*the*ism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; wood, matter + &?; God.] <def>The doctrine of belief that matter is God, or that there is no God except matter and the universe; pantheism. See <u>Materialism</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy"lo*the*ist</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who believes in hylotheism.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy`lo*zo"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to hylozoism.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy`lo*zo"ism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; wood, matter + &?; life, fr. &?; to live: cf. F. <i>hylozo&iuml;sme</i>.] <def>The doctrine that matter possesses a species of life and sensation, or that matter and life are inseparable.</def> [R.] <i>Cudworth.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hy`lo*zo"ist</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A believer in hylozoism.</def> <i>A. Tucker.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hy*mar"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The wild ass of Persia.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy"men</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; skin, membrane.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>A fold of muscous membrane often found at the orifice of the vagina; the vaginal membrane.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy"men</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., fr. Gr. &?;.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Class Myth.)</i> <def>A fabulous deity; according to some, the son of Apollo and Urania, according to others, of Bacchus and Venus. He was the god of marriage, and presided over nuptial solemnities.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Till <i>Hymen</i> brought his love-delighted hour,<BR> There dwelt no joy in Eden's rosy bower.</blockquote> <i>Campbell.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Marriage; union as if by marriage.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Hymen</i> of element and race.</blockquote> <i>Emerson.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Hy`me*ne"al</hw> (?), <hw>Hy`me*ne"an</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>hymeneius</i>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>, also <i>Hymenaeus</i>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, Hymen, Gr. &?; the wedding song, also &?; Hymen: cf. F. <i>hym&eacute;n&eacute;al</i>, <i>hym&eacute;n&eacute;en</i>.] <def>Of or pertaining to marriage; as, <i>hymeneal</i> rites.</def> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Hy`me*ne"al</hw>, <hw>Hy`me*ne"an</hw>, } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A marriage song.</def> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Hy*me"ni*um</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> L. <plw><b>Hymenia</b></plw> (#), E. <plw><b>Hymeniums</b></plw> (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a membrane.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The spore-bearing surface of certain fungi, as that on the gills of a mushroom.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy`me*nog"e*ny</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; a membrane + root of &?; to be born.] <def>The production of artificial membranes by contact of two fluids, as albumin and fat, by which the globules of the latter are surrounded by a thin film of the former.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Hy`me*no*my*ce"tes</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a membrane + &?;, &?;, a mushroom.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>One of the great divisions of fungi, containing those species in which the hymenium is completely exposed.</def> <i>M. J. Berkley.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hy*men"o*phore</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; a membrane + &?; to bear.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>That part of a fungus which is covered with the hymenium.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy`me*nop"ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>hym&eacute;nopt&egrave;re</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of the Hymenoptera.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Hy`me*nop"te*ra</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?; membrane-winged; &?; skin, membrane + &?; wing.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>An extensive order of insects, including the bees, ants, ichneumons, sawflies, etc.</def></p>

<p>&fist; They have four membranous wings, with few reticulations, and usually with a thickened, dark spot on the front edge of the anterior wings. In most of the species, the tongue, or lingua, is converted into an organ for sucking honey, or other liquid food, and the mandibles are adapted for biting or cutting. In one large division (Aculeata), including the bees, wasps, and ants, the females and workers usually have a sting, which is only a modified ovipositor.</p>

<p>{ <hw>Hy`me*nop"ter*al</hw> (?), <hw>Hy`me*nop"ter*ous</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Like, or characteristic of, the Hymenoptera; pertaining to the Hymenoptera.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy`me*nop"ter*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of the Hymenoptera.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hymn</hw> (h&ibreve;m), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>hympne</i>, <i>ympne</i>, F. <i>hymne</i>, OF. also <i>ymne</i>, L. <i>hymnus</i>, Gr. &?;; perh. akin to &?; web, &?; to weave, and so to E. <i>weave</i>.] <def>An ode or song of praise or adoration; especially, a religious ode, a sacred lyric; a song of praise or thanksgiving intended to be used in religious service; as, the Homeric <i>hymns</i>; Watts' <i>hymns</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Admonishing one another in psalms and <i>hymns</i>.</blockquote> <i>Col. iii. 16.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Where angels first should practice <i>hymns</i>, and string<BR> Their tuneful harps.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Hymn book</b></col>, <cd>a book containing a collection of hymns, as for use in churches; a hymnal.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Hymn</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Hymned</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Hymning</u> (?).] [Cf. L. <i>hymnire</i>, Gr. &?;.] <def>To praise in song; to worship or extol by singing hymns; to sing.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>To <i>hymn</i> the bright of the Lord.</blockquote> <i>Keble.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Their praise is <i>hymned</i> by loftier harps than mine.</blockquote> <i>Byron.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hymn</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To sing in praise or adoration.</def> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hym"nal</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A collection of hymns; a hymn book.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hym"nic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>hymnique</i>.] <def>Relating to hymns, or sacred lyrics.</def> <i>Donne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hymn"ing</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Praising with hymns; singing.</def> "The <i>hymning</i> choir." <i>G. West.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hymn"ing</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The singing of hymns.</def> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hym"nist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A writer of hymns.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hym"no*dy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;; &?; a hymn + &?; a song, a singing.] <def>Hymns, considered collectively; hymnology.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hym*nog"ra*pher</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who writes on the subject of hymns.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A writer or composed of hymns.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hym*nog"ra*phy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; hymn + <i>graphy</i>.] <def>The art or act of composing hymns.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hym*nol"o*gist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A composer or compiler of hymns; one versed in hymnology.</def> <i>Busby.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hym*nol"o*gy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; hymn + <i>-logy</i>: cf. F. <i>hymnologie</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The hymns or sacred lyrics composed by authors of a particular country or period; as, the <i>hymnology</i> of the eighteenth century; also, the collective body of hymns used by any particular church or religious body; as, the Anglican <i>hymnology</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A knowledge of hymns; a treatise on hymns.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hymp"ne</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A hymn.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hynd"reste</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Hinderest</u>.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Hyne</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A servant. See <u>Hine</u>.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hy"o-</hw> (?). [See <u>Hyod</u>.] <def>A prexif used in anatomy, and generally denoting <i>connection with the hyoid bone</i> or <i>arch</i>; as, <i>hyo</i>glossal, <i>hyo</i>mandibular, <i>hyo</i>mental, etc.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Hy`o*ga*noi"de*i</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Hyo-</u>, and <u>Canoidei</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A division of ganoid fishes, including the gar pikes and bowfins.</def> — <wf>Hy`o*ga"noid</wf> (#), <pos><i>a.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Hy`o*glos"sal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Hyo-</i> + Gr. &?; tongue.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>Pertaining to or connecting the tongue and hyodean arch; as, the <i>hyoglossal</i> membrane.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>Of or pertaining to the hyoglossus muscle.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Hy`o*glos"sus</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. <i>hyo-</i> hyo- + Gr. <grk>glw^ssa</grk> tongue.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>A flat muscle on either side of the tongue, connecting it with the hyoid bone.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy"oid</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; fr. the letter &UPSILON; + &?; form: cf. F. <i>hyo&iuml;de</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Having the form of an arch, or of the Greek letter upsilon [&UPSILON;].</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to the bony or cartilaginous arch which supports the tongue. Sometimes applied to the tongue itself.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Hyoid arch</b></col> <i>(Anat.)</i>, <cd>the arch of cartilaginous or bony segments, which connects the base of the tongue with either side of the skull.</cd> — <col><b>Hyoid bone</b></col> <i>(Anat.)</i>, <cd>the bone in the base of the tongue, the middle part of the hyoid arch.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Hy"oid</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The hyoid bone.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Hy*oid"e*al</hw> (?), <hw>Hy*oid"e*an</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Hyoid</u>, <i>a.</i></def></p>

<p><hw>Hy`o*man*dib"u*lar</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Hyo-</i> + <i>mandibular</i>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Pertaining both to the hyoidean arch and the mandible or lower jaw; as, the <i>hyomandibular</i> bone or cartilage, a segment of the hyoid arch which connects the lower jaw with the skull in fishes.</def> — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The hyomandibular bone or cartilage.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy`o*men"tal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Hyo-</i> + <i>mental</i> of the chin.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Between the hyoid bone and the lower jaw, pertaining to them; suprahyoid; submaxillary; as, the <i>hyomental</i> region of the front of the neck.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy`o*pas"tron</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Hyo-</i> + <i>plastron</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The second lateral plate in the plastron of turtles; — called also <i>hyosternum</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy*os"cine</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Hyoscyamus</u>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>An alkaloid found with hyoscyamine (with which it is also isomeric) in henbane, and extracted as a white, amorphous, semisolid substance.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy`os*cy"a*mine</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Hyoscyamus</u>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>An alkaloid found in henbane (<i>Hyoscyamus niger</i>), and regarded as its active principle. It is also found with other alkaloids in the thorn apple and deadly nightshade. It is extracted as a white crystalline substance, with a sharp, offensive taste. <i>Hyoscyamine</i> is isomeric with atropine, is very poisonous, and is used as a medicine for neuralgia, like belladonna. Called also <i>hyoscyamia</i>, <i>duboisine</i>, etc.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Hy`os*cy"a*mus</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., fr. Gr. &?;; &?; a sow, hog + &?; a bean.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A genus of poisonous plants of the Nightshade family; henbane.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>The leaves of the black henbane (<i>Hyoscyamus niger</i>), used in neuralgic and pectorial troubles.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy`o*ster"nal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Hyo-</i> + <i>ternal</i>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>Between the hyoid bone and the sternum, or pertaining to them; infrahyoid; as, the <i>hyosternal</i> region of the neck.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>Pertaining to the hyosternum of turtles.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Hy`o*ster"num</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Hyo-</i> + <i>sternum</i>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>See <u>Hyoplastron</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy`o*styl"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Hyo-</i> + Gr. &?; a pillar.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Having the mandible suspended by the hyomandibular, or upper part of the hyoid arch, as in fishes, instead of directly articulated with the skull as in mammals; — said of the skull.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hyp</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>An abbreviation of <i>hypochonaria</i>; — usually in plural.</def> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Heaven send thou hast not got the <i>hyps</i>.</blockquote> <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hyp</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To make melancholy.</def> [Colloq.] <i>W. Irving.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Hy*p&aelig;"thral</hw>, <hw>Hy*pe"thral</hw> (?) }, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>hypaethrus</i> in the open air, uncovered, Gr. &?;; &?; under + &?; ether, the clear sky.] <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>Exposed to the air; wanting a roof; — applied to a building or part of a building.</def> <i>Gwilt.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hy*pal"la*ge</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., fr. Gr. &?;, prop., interchange, exchange, fr, &?; to interchange; &?; under + &?; to change.] <i>(Gram.)</i> <def>A figure consisting of a transference of attributes from their proper subjects to others. Thus Virgil says, "<i>dare classibus austros</i>," to give the winds to the fleets, instead of <i>dare classibus austris</i>, to give the fleets to the winds.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>hypallage</i>, of which Virgil is fonder than any other writer, is much the gravest fault in language.</blockquote> <i>Landor.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Hy*pan"thi*um</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> L. <plw><b>Hypanthia</b></plw> (#), E. <plw><b>Hypanthiums</b></plw> (#). [NL., fr. Gr. <grk>"ypo</grk> beneath + <grk>'a`nqos</grk> flower.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A fruit consisting in large part of a receptacle, enlarged below the calyx, as in the <i>Calycanthus</i>, the rose hip, and the pear.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Hy`pa*poph"y*sis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Hypapophyles</b></plw> (#). [NL. See <u>Hypo-</u>, and <u>Apophysis</u>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>A process, or other element, of a vertebra developed from the ventral side of the centrum, as h&aelig;mal spines, and chevron bones.</def> — <wf>Hy`pa*po*phys"i*al</wf> (#), <pos><i>a.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Hy`par*te"ri*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Hypo-</i> + <i>arterial</i>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Situated below an artery; applied esp. to the branches of the bronchi given off below the point where the pulmonary artery crosses the bronchus.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy*pas"pist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;.] <i>(Gr. Antiq.)</i> <def>A shield-bearer or armor-bearer.</def> <i>Mitford.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hy*pax"i*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Hypo-</i> + <i>axial</i>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Beneath the axis of the skeleton; subvertebral; hyposkeletal.</def></p>

<p><hw>hype</hw> <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>to publicize [e.g. a product or a future event] insistently, in a manner exaggerating the importance of; to promote flamboyantly.</def> <wns>[wns=1]</wns><BR> [WordNet 1.5]</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To stimulate or excite (a person); — usually used with <i>up</i>, and often in the passive form; as, she was all <i>hyped</i> up over her upcoming wedding.</def><BR> [PJC]</p>

<p><hw>hype</hw> <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Intense publicity for a future event, performed in a showy or excessively dramatic manner suggesting an importance not justified by the event; as, the <i>hype</i> surrounding the superbowl is usually ludicrous.</def><BR> [PJC]</p>

<p><hw>Hy"per-</hw> (?). [Gr. <grk>"ype`r</grk> over, above; akin to L. <i>super</i>, E. <i>over</i>. See <u>Over</u>, and cf. <u>Super- </u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A prefix signifying <i>over</i>, <i>above</i>; as, <i>hyper</i>physical, <i>hyper</i>thyrion; also, <i>above measure</i>, <i>abnormally great</i>, <i>excessive</i>; as, <i>hyper</i>&aelig;mia, <i>hyper</i>bola, <i>hyper</i>critical, <i>hyper</i>secretion.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A prefix equivalent to <i>super-</i> or <i>per-</i>; as <i>hyper</i>oxide, or <i>per</i>oxide. [Obs.] See <u>Per-</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Hy`per*&aelig;"mi*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. <grk>"ype`r</grk> over + <grk>a"i^ma</grk> blood.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>A superabundance or congestion of blood in an organ or part of the body.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Active hyper&aelig;mia</b></col>, <cd>congestion due to increased flow of blood to a part.</cd> — <col><b>Passive hyper&aelig;mia</b></col>, <cd>interchange due to obstruction in the return of blood from a part.</cd></p>

<p>— <wf>Hy`per*&aelig;"mic</wf> (#), <pos><i>a.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>||Hy`per*&aelig;s*the"si*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. <grk>"ype`r</grk> over + &?; sense, perception.] <i>(Med. & Physiol.)</i> <def>A state of exalted or morbidly increased sensibility of the body, or of a part of it.</def> — <wf>Hy`per*&aelig;s*thet"ic</wf> (#), <pos><i>a.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>||Hy`per*a*poph"y*sis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Hyperapophyses</b></plw> (#). [NL. See <u>Hyper- </u>, and <u>Apophysis</u>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>A lateral and backward-projecting process on the dorsal side of a vertebra.</def> - - <wf>Hy`per*ap`o*phys"i*al</wf> (#), <pos><i>a.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Hy`per*as"pist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to cover with a shield; <grk>"ype`r</grk> over + &?; shield.] <def>One who holds a shield over another; hence, a defender.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chillingworth.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hy`per*bat"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to an hyperbaton; transposed; inverted.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Hy*per"ba*ton</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; transposed, fr. &?; to step over; <grk>"ype`r</grk> over + &?; to step.] <i>(Gram.)</i> <def>A figurative construction, changing or inverting the natural order of words or clauses; as, "echoed the hills" for "the hills echoed."</def></p>

<p><blockquote>With a violent <i>hyperbaton</i> to transpose the text.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hy*per"bo*la</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;, prop., an overshooting, excess, <i>i. e.</i>, of the angle which the cutting plane makes with the base. See <u>Hyperbole</u>.] <i>(Geom.)</i> <def>A curve formed by a section of a cone, when the cutting plane makes a greater angle with the base than the side of the cone makes. It is a plane curve such that the difference of the distances from any point of it to two fixed points, called <i>foci</i>, is equal to a given distance. See <u>Focus</u>. If the cutting plane be produced so as to cut the opposite cone, another curve will be formed, which is also an hyperbola. Both curves are regarded as branches of the same hyperbola. See <i>Illust.</i> of <i>Conic section</i>, and <u>Focus</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy*per"bo*le</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., fr. Gr&?;, prop., an overshooting, excess, fr. Gr. &?; to throw over or beyond; <grk>"ype`r</grk> over + &?; to throw. See <u>Hyper-</u>, <u>Parable</u>, and cf. <u>Hyperbola</u>.] <i>(Rhet.)</i> <def>A figure of speech in which the expression is an evident exaggeration of the meaning intended to be conveyed, or by which things are represented as much greater or less, better or worse, than they really are; a statement exaggerated fancifully, through excitement, or for effect.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Our common forms of compliment are almost all of them extravagant <i>hyperboles</i>.</blockquote> <i>Blair.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Somebody has said of the boldest figure in rhetoric, the <i>hyperbole</i>, that it lies without deceiving.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Hy`per*bol"ic</hw> (?), <hw>Hy`per*bol"ic*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>hyperbolicus</i>, Gr. &?;: cf. F. <i>hyperbolique</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Math.)</i> <def>Belonging to the hyperbola; having the nature of the hyperbola.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Rhet.)</i> <def>Relating to, containing, or of the nature of, hyperbole; exaggerating or diminishing beyond the fact; exceeding the truth; as, an <i>hyperbolical</i> expression.</def> "This <i>hyperbolical</i> epitaph." <i>Fuller.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Hyperbolic functions</b></col> <i>(Math.)</i>, <cd>certain functions which have relations to the hyperbola corresponding to those which sines, cosines, tangents, etc., have to the circle; and hence, called <i>hyperbolic sines</i>, <i>hyperbolic cosines</i>, etc.</cd> — <col><b>Hyperbolic logarithm</b></col>. <cd>See <u>Logarithm</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Hyperbolic spiral</b></col> <i>(Math.)</i>, <cd>a spiral curve, the law of which is, that the distance from the pole to the generating point varies inversely as the angle swept over by the radius vector.</cd></p>

<p><! p. 720 !></p>

<p><hw>Hy`per*bol"ic*al*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Math.)</i> <def>In the form of an hyperbola.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Rhet.)</i> <def>With exaggeration; in a manner to express more or less than the truth.</def> <i>Sir W. Raleigh.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hy`per*bol"i*form</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Hyperbola</i> + <i>-form</i>.] <def>Having the form, or nearly the form, of an hyperbola.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy*per"bo*lism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>hyperbolisme</i>.] <def>The use of hyperbole.</def> <i>Jefferson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hy*per"bo*list</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who uses hyperboles.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy*per"bo*lize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Hyperbolized</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Hyperbolizing</u> (?).] [Cf. F. <i>hyperboliser</i>.] <def>To speak or write with exaggeration.</def> <i>Bp. Montagu.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hy*per"bo*lize</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To state or represent hyperbolically.</def> <i>Fotherby.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hy*per"bo*loid</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Hyperbola</i> + <i>-oid</i>: cf. F. <i>hyperbolo&iuml;de</i>.] <i>(Geom.)</i> <def>A surface of the second order, which is cut by certain planes in hyperbolas; also, the solid, bounded in part by such a surface.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Hyperboloid of revolution</b></col>, <cd>an hyperboloid described by an hyperbola revolving about one of its axes. The surface has two separate sheets when the axis of revolution is the transverse axis, but only one when the axis of revolution is the conjugate axis of the hyperbola.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Hy*per"bo*loid</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Geom.)</i> <def>Having some property that belongs to an hyperboloid or hyperbola.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy`per*bo"re*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>hyperboreus</i>, Gr. &?;; <grk>"ype`r</grk> over, beyond + &?;. See <u>Boreas</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Greek Myth.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to the region beyond the North wind, or to its inhabitants.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Northern; belonging to, or inhabiting, a region in very far north; most northern; hence, very cold; fright, as, a <i>hyperborean</i> coast or atmosphere.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>hyperborean</i> or frozen sea.</blockquote> <i>C. Butler (1633).</i></p>

<p><hw>Hy`per*bo"re*an</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Greek Myth.)</i> <def>One of the people who lived beyond the North wind, in a land of perpetual sunshine.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>An inhabitant of the most northern regions.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy`per*car"bu*ret`ed</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Having an excessive proportion of carbonic acid; — said of bicarbonates or acid carbonates.</def> [Written also <i>hypercarburetted</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Hy`per*cat`a*lec"tic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>hypercatalecticus</i>, <i>hypercatalectus</i>, Gr. &?;: cf. F. <i>hypercatalectique</i>. See <u>Hyper-</u>, and <u>Catalectic</u>.] <i>(Pros.)</i> <def>Having a syllable or two beyond measure; as, a <i>hypercatalectic</i> verse.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy`per*chlo"ric</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>See <u>Perchloric</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy`per*chro"ma*tism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The condition of having an unusual intensity of color.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy`per*crit"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>hyper- </i> + <i>critic</i>: cf. F. <i>hypercritique</i>.] <def>One who is critical beyond measure or reason; a carping critic; a captious censor.</def> "<i>Hypercritics</i> in English poetry." <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hy`per*crit"ic</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Hypercritical.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy`per*crit"ic*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Over critical; unreasonably or unjustly critical; carping; captious.</def> "<i>Hypercritical</i> readers." <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Excessively nice or exact.</def> <i>Evelyn.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hy`per*crit"ic*al*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a hypercritical manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy`per*crit"i*cise</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To criticise with unjust severity; to criticise captiously.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy`per*crit"i*cism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Excessive criticism, or unjust severity or rigor of criticism; zoilism.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy`per*di*crot"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Physiol.)</i> <def>Excessive dicrotic; as, a <i>hyperdicrotic</i> pulse.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy`per*di"cro*tism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Physiol.)</i> <def>A hyperdicrotic condition.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy`per*di"cro*tous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Physiol.)</i> <def>Hyperdicrotic.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Hy`per*du*li"a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>hyper-</i> + <i>dulia</i>: cf. F. <i>hyperdulie</i>.] <i>(R. C. Ch.)</i> <def>Veneration or worship given to the Virgin Mary as the most exalted of mere creatures; higher veneration than dulia.</def> <i>Addis & Arnold.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hy"per*du`ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Hyperdulia.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Hy`per*es*the"si*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Hyper&aelig;sthesia</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Hy*per"i*cum</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., fr. Gr. &?;, &?;; &?; under, among + &?;, &?;, heath, heather.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A genus of plants, generally with dotted leaves and yellow flowers; — called also <i>St. John's-wort</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Hy`per*i*no"sis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. <grk>"ype`r</grk> over + &?;, &?;, strength, fiber.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>A condition of the blood, characterized by an abnormally large amount of fibrin, as in many inflammatory diseases.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy*pe"ri*on</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., fr. Gr. &?;.] <i>(Class Myth.)</i> <def>The god of the sun; in the later mythology identified with Apollo, and distinguished for his beauty.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>So excellent a king; that was, to this,<BR> <i>Hyperion</i> to a satyr.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Hy`per*ki*ne"sis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. <grk>"ype`r</grk> over + &?; motion.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Abnormally increased muscular movement; spasm.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy`per*ki*net"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to hyperkinesis.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy`per*met`a*mor"pho*sis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Hyper-</i> + <i>metamorphosis</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A kind of metamorphosis, in certain insects, in which the larva itself undergoes remarkable changes of form and structure during its growth.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy*per"me*ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; beyond all measure; <grk>"ype`r</grk> over, beyond + &?; measure: cf. F. <i>hyperm&egrave;tre</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Pros.)</i> <def>A verse which has a redundant syllable or foot; a hypercatalectic verse.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Hence, anything exceeding the ordinary standard.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>When a man rises beyond six foot, he is an <i>hypermeter</i>.</blockquote> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hy`per*met"ric*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having a redundant syllable; exceeding the common measure.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Hypermetrical verse</b></col> <i>(Gr. & Lat. Pros.)</i>, <cd>a verse which contains a syllable more than the ordinary measure.</cd></p>

<p>{ <hw>||Hy`per*me*tro"pi*a</hw> (?), <hw>Hy`per*met"ro*py</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL. <i>hypermetropia</i>, fr. Gr. &?; excessive + &?;, &?;, the eye. See <u>Hypermeter</u>.] <def>A condition of the eye in which, through shortness of the eyeball or fault of the refractive media, the rays of light come to a focus behind the retina; farsightedness; — called also <i>hyperopia</i>. Cf. <u>Emmetropia</u>.</def></p>

<p>&fist; In <i>hypermetropia</i>, vision for distant objects, although not better absolutely, is better than that for near objects, and hence, the individual is said to be farsighted. It is corrected by the use of convex glasses.</p>

<p>— <wf>Hy`per*me*trop"ic</wf> (#), <pos><i>a.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>||Hy`per*myr`i*o*ra"ma</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?; beyond + &?; countless + &?; view.] <def>A show or exhibition having a great number of scenes or views.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Hy`per*o*ar"ti*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>An order of marsipobranchs including the lampreys. The suckerlike moth contains numerous teeth; the nasal opening is in the middle of the head above, but it does not connect with the mouth. See <u>Cyclostoma</u>, and <u>Lamprey</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Hy`per*o"pi*a</hw> (h&imacr;`p&etilde;r*&omacr;"p&ibreve;*&adot;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. <grk>"ype`r</grk> over + <grk>'w`ps</grk>, <grk>'wpo`s</grk>, the eye.] <def>Hypermetropia.</def> — <wf>Hy`per*op"tic</wf> (#), <pos><i>a.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Hy`per*or*gan"ic</hw> (-&ocirc;r*g&abreve;n"&ibreve;k), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>hyper-</i> + <i>organic</i>.] <def>Higher than, or beyond the sphere of, the organic.</def> <i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hy`per*or"tho*dox`y</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Orthodoxy pushed to excess.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Hy`per*o*tre"ta</hw> (h&imacr;`p&etilde;r*&osl;*tr&emacr;"t&adot;), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. <grk>"yperw`,n</grk> the palate + <grk>trhto`s</grk> perforated.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>An order of marsipobranchs, including the Myxine or hagfish and the genus <i>Bdellostoma</i>. They have barbels around the mouth, one tooth on the palate, and a communication between the nasal aperture and the throat. See <u>Hagfish</u>.</def> [Written also <i>Hyperotreti</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Hy`per*ox"ide</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A compound having a relatively large percentage of oxygen; a peroxide.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p>{ <hw>Hy`per*ox"y*gen*a`ted</hw> (?), <hw>Hy`per*ox"y*gen*ized</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Combined with a relatively large amount of oxygen; — said of higher oxides.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Hy`per*ox`y*mu"ri*ate</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A perchlorate.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Hy`per*ox`y*mu`ri*at"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Perchloric; as, <i>hyperoxymuriatic</i> acid.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Hy`per*phys"ic*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Above or transcending physical laws; supernatural.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Those who do not fly to some <i>hyperphysical</i> hypothesis.</blockquote> <i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Hy`per*pla"si*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. <grk>"ype`r</grk> over + &?; conformation, fr. &?; to mold.] <i>(Med. & Biol.)</i> <def>An increase in, or excessive growth of, the normal elements of any part.</def></p>

<p>&fist; <i>Hyperplasia</i> relates to the formation of new elements, <i>hypertrophy</i> being an increase in bulk of preexisting normal elements. <i>Dunglison.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hy`per*plas"tic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Of or pertaining to hyperplasia.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>Tending to excess of formative action.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Hy`perp*n&oelig;"a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. <grk>"ype`r</grk> over + &?;, &?;, breath.] <i>(Physiol.)</i> <def>Abnormal breathing, due to slightly deficient arterialization of the blood; — in distinction from <i>eupn&oelig;a</i>. See <u>Eupn&oelig;a</u>, and <u>Dispn&oelig;a</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Hy`per*py*rex"i*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Hyper-</u>, and <u>Pyrexia</u>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>A condition of excessive fever; an elevation of temperature in a disease, in excess of the limit usually observed in that disease.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy`per*se*cre"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Morbid or excessive secretion, as in catarrh.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy`per*sen`si*bil"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Hyper&aelig;sthesia</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy"per*space</hw> (-sp&amacr;s), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>hyper-</i> + <i>space</i>.] <i>(Geom.)</i> <def>An imagined space having more than three dimensions.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy"per*sthene</hw> (h&imacr;"p&etilde;r*sth&emacr;n), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>"ype`r</grk> over + <grk>sqe`nos</grk> strength: cf. F. <i>hyperst&egrave;ne</i>.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>An orthorhombic mineral of the pyroxene group, of a grayish or greenish black color, often with a peculiar bronzelike luster (schiller) on the cleavage surface.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy`per*sthen"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Min.)</i> <def>Composed of, or containing, hypersthene.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy`per*thet"ic*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;; <grk>"ype`r</grk> over + <grk>tiqe`nai</grk> to place.] <def>Exaggerated; excessive; hyperbolical.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote><i>Hyperthetical</i> or superlative . . . expression.</blockquote> <i>Chapman.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Hy`per*thyr"i*on</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?;; <grk>"ype`r</grk> over + &?; door.] <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>That part of the architrave which is over a door or window.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Hy`per*troph"ic</hw> (?), <hw>Hy`per*troph"ic*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>hypertrophique</i>.] <i>(Med. & Biol.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to hypertrophy; affected with, or tending to, hypertrophy.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy*per"tro*phied</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Med. & Biol.)</i> <def>Excessively developed; characterized by hypertrophy.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy*per"tro*phy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>"ype`r</grk> over, beyond + &?; nourishment, fr. &?; to nourish: cf. F. <i>hypertrophie</i>.] <i>(Med. & Biol.)</i> <def>A condition of overgrowth or excessive development of an organ or part; — the opposite of <i>atrophy</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Hy"ph&aelig;</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. <grk>"yfh`</grk> a web.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The long, branching filaments of which the mycelium (and the greater part of the plant) of a fungus is formed. They are also found enveloping the gonidia of lichens, making up a large part of their structure.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy"phen</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; under one, into one, together, fr. &?; under + &?;, neut. of &?; one. See <u>Hypo-</u>.] <i>(Print.)</i> <def>A mark or short dash, thus [-], placed at the end of a line which terminates with a syllable of a word, the remainder of which is carried to the next line; or between the parts of many a compound word; as in <i>fine- leaved</i>, <i>clear-headed</i>. It is also sometimes used to separate the syllables of words.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy"phen</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Hyphened</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Hyphening</u>.] <def>To connect with, or separate by, a hyphen, as two words or the parts of a word.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy"phen*a`ted</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>United by hyphens; hyphened; as, a <i>hyphenated</i> or hyphened word.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Hy`pho*my*ce"tes</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a web + &?;, &?;, a mushroom.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>One of the great division of fungi, containing those species which have naked spores borne on free or only fasciculate threads.</def> <i>M. J. Berkley.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hy*pid`i*o*mor"phic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>hypo-</i> + <i>idiomorphic</i>.] <i>(Crystallog.)</i> <def>Partly idiomorphic; — said of rock a portion only of whose constituents have a distinct crystalline form.</def> — <wf>Hy*pid`i*o*mor"phic*al*ly</wf> (#), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>||Hyp`i*no"sis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?; under + &?;, &?; strength, fiber.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>A diminution in the normal amount of fibrin present in the blood.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hyp`na*gog"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; sleep + &?; a carrying away.] <def>Leading to sleep; — applied to the illusions of one who is half asleep.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hyp"no*bate</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., fr. Gr. &?; sleep + &?; to go.] <def>A somnambulist.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Hyp"no*cyst</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; sleep + E. <i>cyst</i>.] <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>A cyst in which some unicellular organisms temporarily inclose themselves, from which they emerge unchanged, after a period of drought or deficiency of food. In some instances, a process of spore formation seems to occur within such cysts.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hyp`no*gen"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; sleep + root of &?; to be born.] <i>(Physiol.)</i> <def>Relating to the production of hypnotic sleep; as, the so-called <i>hypnogenic</i> pressure points, pressure upon which is said to cause an attack of hypnotic sleep.</def> <i>De Watteville.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hyp*nol"o*gist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who is versed in hypnology.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hyp*nol"o*gy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; sleep + <i>-logy</i>.] <def>A treatise on sleep; the doctrine of sleep.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Hyp*no"sis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?; sleep.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Supervention of sleep.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hyp*not"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; inclined to sleep, putting to sleep, fr. &?; to lull to sleep, fr. &?; sleep; akin to L. <i>somnus</i>, and E. <i>somnolent</i>: cf. F. <i>hypnotique</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Having the quality of producing sleep; tending to produce sleep; soporific.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Of or pertaining to hypnotism; in a state of hypnotism; liable to hypnotism; as, a <i>hypnotic</i> condition.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hyp*not"ic</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Any agent that produces, or tends to produce, sleep; an opiate; a soporific; a narcotic.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A person who exhibits the phenomena of, or is subject to, hypnotism.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hyp"no*tism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; sleep: cf. F. <i>hypnotisme</i>.] <def>A form of sleep or somnambulism brought on by artificial means, in which there is an unusual suspension of some powers, and an unusual activity of others. It is induced by an action upon the nerves, through the medium of the senses, as in persons of very feeble organization, by gazing steadly at a very bright object held before the eyes, or by pressure upon certain points of the surface of the body.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hyp`no*ti*za"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The act or process of producing hypnotism.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hyp"no*tize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Hypnotized</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Hypnotizing</u> (?).] <def>To induce hypnotism in; to place in a state of hypnotism.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hyp"no*ti`zer</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who hypnotizes.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Hyp"num</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?; moss.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The largest genus of true mosses; feather moss.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy"po-</hw> (?). [Gr. &?; under, beneath; akin to L. <i>sub</i>. See <u>Sub-</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A prefix signifying a <i>less quantity</i>, or a <i>low state</i> or <i>degree</i>, of that denoted by the word with which it is joined, or position <i>under</i> or <i>beneath</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A prefix denoting that the element to the name of which it is prefixed enters with a <i>low valence</i>, or in a <i>low state of oxidization</i>, usually the <i>lowest</i>, into the compounds indicated; as, <i>hypo</i>sulphurous acid.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy"po</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Hypochondria.</def> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><hw>Hy"po</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Abbrev. from <i>hyposulphite</i>.] <i>(Photog.)</i> <def>Sodium hyposulphite, or thiosulphate, a solution of which is used as a bath to wash out the unchanged silver salts in a picture.</def> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><hw>Hy`po*a"ri*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to a hypoarion.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Hy`po*a"ri*on</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Hypoaria</b></plw> (#). [NL., fr. Gr. <grk>"ypo`</grk> beneath + &?; a little egg.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>An oval lobe beneath each of the optic lobes in many fishes; one of the inferior lobes.</def> <i>Owen.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hy"po*blast</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>hypo-</i> + <i>-blast</i>.] <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>The inner or lower layer of the blastoderm; — called also <i>endoderm</i>, <i>entoderm</i>, and sometimes <i>hypoderm</i>. See <i>Illust.</i> of <u>Blastoderm</u>, <u>Delamination</u>, and <u>Ectoderm</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy`po*blas"tic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>Relating to, or connected with, the hypoblast; as, the <i>hypoic</i> sac.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy*pob"o*le</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; a throwing under, a suggesting; &?; under + &?; to throw.] <i>(Rhet.)</i> <def>A figure in which several things are mentioned that seem to make against the argument, or in favor of the opposite side, each of them being refuted in order.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy`po*bran"chi*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>hypo-</i> + <i>branchial</i>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Pertaining to the segment between the basibranchial and the ceratobranchial in a branchial arch.</def> — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A hypobranchial bone or cartilage.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Hy"po*carp</hw> (?), <hw>||Hy`po*car"pi*um</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL. <i>hypocarpium</i>, fr. Gr. <grk>"ypo`</grk> beneath + &?; fruit.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A fleshy enlargement of the receptacle, or for the stem, below the proper fruit, as in the cashew. See <i>Illust.</i> of <u>Cashew</u>.</def></p>

<p><! p. 721 !></p>

<p><hw>Hy`po*car`po*ge"an</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>hypo-</i> + Gr. &?; fruit + &?; earth.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Producing fruit below the ground.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hyp"o*caust</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>hypocaustum</i>, Gr. &?;; &?; under + &?; to burn: cf. F. <i>hypocauste</i>.] <i>(Anc. Arch.)</i> <def>A furnace, esp. one connected with a series of small chambers and flues of tiles or other masonry through which the heat of a fire was distributed to rooms above. This contrivance, first used in bath, was afterwards adopted in private houses.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy`po*chlo"rite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A salt of hypochlorous acid; as, a calcium <i>hypochloride</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy`po*chlo"rous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>hypo- </i> + <i>chlorous</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, chlorine having a valence lower than in chlorous compounds.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Hypochlorous acid</b></col> <i>(Chem.)</i>, <cd>an acid derived from chlorine, not known in a pure state, but forming various salts, called hypochlorites.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Hy`po*chon"dres</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [F. <i>hypocondres</i>, formerly spely <i>hypochondres</i>.] <def>The hypochondriac regions. See <u>Hypochondrium</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy`po*chon"dri*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Hypochondriasis; melancholy; the blues.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy`po*chon"dri*ac</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; affocated in the hypochondrium: cf. F. <i>hypocondriaque</i>, formerly spelt <i>hypochondriaque</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Of or pertaining to hypochondria, or the hypochondriac regions.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Affected, characterized, or produced, by hypochondriasis.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Hypochondriac region</b></col> <i>(Anat.)</i>, <cd>a region on either side of the abdomen beneath the cartilages of the false ribs, beside the epigastric, and above the lumbar, region.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Hy`po*chon"dri*ac</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A person affected with hypochondriasis.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He had become an incurable <i>hypochondriac</i>.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hy`po*chon"dri*a*cal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Hypochondriac</u>, 2.</def> — <wf>Hy`po*chon"dri*a*cal*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Hy`po*chon"dri*a*cism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Hypochondriasis.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Hy`po*chon"dri*a*sis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL. So named because supposed to have its seat in the hypochondriac regions. See <u>Hypochondriac</u>, <u>Hypochondrium</u>, and cf. <u>Hyp</u>, 1st <u>Hypo</u>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>A mental disorder in which melancholy and gloomy views torment the affected person, particularly concerning his own health.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy`po*chon"dri*asm</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Hypochondriasis.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>||Hy`po*chon"dri*um</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> L. <plw><b>Hypochondria</b></plw> (#), E. <plw><b>Hypochondriums</b></plw> (#). [L., fr. Gr. &?;, from &?; under the cartilage of the breastbone; &?; under + &?; cartilage.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Either of the hypochondriac regions.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy`po*chon"dry</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Hypochondriasis.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hyp"o*cist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; a plant growing on the roots of the <i>Cistus</i>.] <def>An astringent inspissated juice obtained from the fruit of a plant (<i>Cytinus hypocistis</i>), growing from the roots of the <i>Cistus</i>, a small European shrub.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Hy`po*clei"di*um</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> L. <plw><b>Hypocleida</b></plw> (#), E. <plw><b>Hypocleidiums</b></plw> (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; under + &?; a little key.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>A median process on the furculum, or merrythought, of many birds, where it is connected with the sternum.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hyp`o*co*ris"tic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;; &?; under + &?; to caress.] <def>Endearing; diminutive; as, the <i>hypocoristic</i> form of a name.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>hypocoristic</i> or pet form of William.</blockquote> <i>Dr. Murray.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hyp`o*cra*ter"i*form</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>hypo-</i> + <grk>krath`r</grk> cup + <i>-form</i>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>hypocraterimorphous; salver-shaped.</def> <i>Wood.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hyp`o*cra*ter`i*mor"phous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>hypo-</i> + Gr. <grk>krath`r</grk> bowl + <grk>morfh`</grk> form.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Salver-shaped; having a slender tube, expanding suddenly above into a bowl-shaped or spreading border, as in the blossom of the phlox and the lilac.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy*poc"ri*sy</hw> (h&ibreve;*p&obreve;k"r&ibreve;*s&ybreve;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Hypocrisies</b></plw> (- s&ibreve;z). [OE. <i>hypocrisie</i>, <i>ypocrisie</i>, OF. <i>hypocrisie</i>, <i>ypocrisie</i>, F. <i>hypocrisie</i>, L. <i>hypocrisis</i>, fr. Gr. <grk>"ypo`krisis</grk> the playing a part on the stage, simulation, outward show, fr. <grk>"ypokr`nesqai</grk> to answer on the stage, to play a part; <grk>"ypo`</grk> under + <grk>kri`nein</grk> to decide; in the middle voice, to dispute, contend. See <u>Hypo-</u>, and <u>Critic</u>.] <def>The act or practice of a hypocrite; a feigning to be what one is not, or to feel what one does not feel; a dissimulation, or a concealment of one's real character, disposition, or motives; especially, the assuming of false appearance of virtue or religion; a simulation of goodness.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Hypocrisy</i> is the necessary burden of villainy.</blockquote> <i>Rambler.</i></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Hypocrisy</i> is the homage vice pays to virtue.</blockquote> <i>La Rochefoucauld (Trans. ).</i></p>

<p><hw>Hyp"o*crite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., fr. L. <i>hypocrita</i>, Gr. &?; one who plays a part on the stage, a dissembler, feigner. See <u>Hypocrisy</u>.] <def>One who plays a part; especially, one who, for the purpose of winning approbation of favor, puts on a fair outside seeming; one who feigns to be other and better than he is; a false pretender to virtue or piety; one who simulates virtue or piety.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>hypocrite's</i> hope shall perish.</blockquote> <i>Job viii. 13.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>I dare swear he is no <i>hypocrite</i>, but prays from his heart.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Deceiver; pretender; cheat. See <u>Dissembler</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Hyp"o*crite*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>Hypocritically.</def> [R.] <i>Sylvester.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hyp`o*crit"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Hypocritical</u>.</def> <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hyp`o*crit"ic*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;: cf. F. <i>hypocritique</i>.] <def>Of or pertaining to a hypocrite, or to hypocrisy; as, a <i>hypocritical</i>person; a <i>hypocritical</i> look; a <i>hypocritical</i> action.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Hypocritical</i> professions of friendship and of pacific intentions were not spared.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p>— <wf>Hyp`o*crit"ic*al*ly</wf> (#), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Hyp`o*crys"tal*line</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>hypo-</i> + <i>crystalline</i>.] <i>(Crystallog.)</i> <def>Partly crystalline; — said of rock which consists of crystals imbedded in a glassy ground mass.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy`po*cy"cloid</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>hypo- </i> + <i>cycloid</i>: cf. F. <i>hypocyclo&iuml;de</i>.] <i>(Geom.)</i> <def>A curve traced by a point in the circumference of a circle which rolls on the concave side in the fixed circle. Cf. <u>Epicycloid</u>, and <u>Trochoid</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Hyp`o*dac"ty*lum</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>-tyla</b></plw> (#). [NL., fr. Gr. <grk>"ypo`</grk> beneath + &?; a finger, toe.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The under side of the toes.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hyp"o*derm</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>hypo-</i> + <i>-derm</i>.] <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Hypoblast</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Hyp`o*der"ma</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Hypo</u>, and <u>derma</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A layer of tissue beneath the epidermis in plants, and performing the physiological function of strengthening the epidermal tissue. In phanerogamous plants it is developed as <i>collenchyma</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>An inner cellular layer which lies beneath the chitinous cuticle of arthropods, annelids, and some other invertebrates.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hyp`o*der*mat"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Hypodermic.</def></p>

<p>— <wf>Hyp`o*der*mat"ic*al*ly</wf> (#), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Hyp`o*der"mic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See <u>Hypoderma</u>.] <def>Of or pertaining to the parts under the skin.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Hypodermic medication</b></col>, <cd>the application of remedies under the epidermis, usually by means of a small syringe, called the hypodermic syringe.</cd></p>

<p>— <wf>Hyp`o*der"mic*al*ly</wf> (#), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>||Hyp`o*der"mis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Hypo-</u>, and <u>Derma</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Hypoblast</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Hypoderma</u>, 2.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Hyp`o*di*crot"ic</hw> (?), <hw>Hyp`o*di"cro*tous</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Physiol.)</i> <def>Exhibiting retarded dicrotism; as, a <i>hypodicrotic</i> pulse curve.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hyp`o*g&aelig;"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>hypo-</i> + Gr. <grk>gai^a</grk>, <grk>gh^</grk>, earth.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Pertaining to, or obtained from, the peanut, or earthnut (<i>Arachis hypog&aelig;a</i>).</def></p>

<p><col><b>Hypog&aelig;ic acid</b></col> <i>(Chem.)</i>, <cd>an acid in the oil of the earthnut, in which it exists as a glyceride, and from which it is extracted as a white, crystalline substance.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Hyp`o*gas"tric</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>hypogastrique</i>. See <u>Hypogastrium</u>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to the hypogastrium or the hypogastric region.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Hypogastric region</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>The lower part of the abdomen.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>An arbitrary division of the abdomen below the umbilical and between the two iliac regions.</cd></p>

<p><hw>||Hyp`o*gas"tri*um</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?;; &?; under + &?; belly.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>The lower part of the abdomen.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hyp`o*ge"an</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>hypo-</i> + Gr. &?; earth.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Hypogeous.</def> [Written also <i>hypog&aelig;an</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Hyp"o*gene</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>hypo-</i> + the root of Gr. &?; to be born: cf. F. <i>hypog&egrave;ne</i>.] <i>(Geol.)</i> <def>Formed or crystallized at depths beneath the earth's surface; — said of granite, gneiss, and other rocks, whose crystallization is believed of have taken place beneath a great thickness of overlying rocks. Opposed to <i>epigene</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hyp`o*ge"ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See <u>Hypogean</u>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Growing under ground; remaining under ground; ripening its fruit under ground.</def> [Written also <i>hypog&aelig;ous</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>||Hyp`o*ge"um</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Hypogea</b></plw> (#). [L., fr. Gr. &?;, &?;, subterranean; &?; under + &?;, &?;, the earth.] <i>(Anc. Arch.)</i> <def>The subterraneous portion of a building, as in amphitheaters, for the service of the games; also, subterranean galleries, as the catacombs.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hyp`o*glos"sal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>hypo- </i> + Gr. &?; the tongue.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Under the tongue; — applied esp., in the higher vertebrates, to the twelfth or last pair of cranial nerves, which are distributed to the base of the tongue.</def> — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One of the hypoglossal nerves.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy*pog"na*tous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>hypo- </i> + Gr. &?; the jaw.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Having the maxilla, or lower jaw, longer than the upper, as in the skimmer.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hyp"o*gyn</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>An hypogynous plant.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy*pog"y*nous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>hypo- </i> + Gr. &?; woman, female: cf. F. <i>hypogyne</i>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Inserted below the pistil or pistils; — said of sepals, petals, and stamens; having the sepals, petals, and stamens inserted below the pistil; — said of a flower or a plant.</def> <i>Gray.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hy`po*hy"al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>hypo-</i> + Greek letter &?;.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Pertaining to one or more small elements in the hyoidean arch of fishes, between the caratohyal and urohyal.</def> — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One of the hypohyal bones or cartilages.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy`po*nas"tic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>hypo- </i> + Gr. &?; pressed close.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Exhibiting a downward convexity caused by unequal growth. Cf. <u>Epinastic</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy`po*nas"ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Downward convexity, or convexity of the inferior surface.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy`po*ni"trite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A salt of hyponitrous acid.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy`po*ni"trous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>hypo- </i> + <i>nitrous</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Containing or derived from nitrogen having a lower valence than in nitrous compounds.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Hyponitrous acid</b></col> <i>(Chem.)</i>, <cd>an unstable nitrogen acid, NOH, whose salts are produced by reduction of the nitrates, although the acid itself is not isolated in the free state except as a solution in water; — called also <i>nitrosylic acid</i>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>||Hy`po*phar"ynx</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Hypo-</u>, and <u>Pharynx</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>An appendage or fold on the lower side of the pharynx, in certain insects.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy`po*phos"phate</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A salt of hypophosphoric acid.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy`po*phos"phite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A salt of hypophosphorous acid.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy`po*phos*phor"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>hypo-</i> + <i>phosphoric</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, or containing, phosphorus in a lower state of oxidation than in phosphoric compounds; as, <i>hypophosphoric</i> acid.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Hypophosphoric acid</b></col> <i>(Chem.)</i>, <cd>an acid, P<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>O<sub>6</sub>, produced by the slow oxidation of moist phosphorus, and isolated only as a solution in water. It is regarded as a condensation product of one molecule of phosphoric acid with one of phosphorous acid, by partial dehydration.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Hy`po*phos"phor*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>hypo-</i> + <i>phosphorous</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Pertaining to, or containing, phosphorus in a lower state of oxidation than in phosphoric compounds; as, <i>hypophosphorous</i> acid.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Hypophosphorous acid</b></col> <i>(Chem.)</i> <cd>, an acid, H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>2</sub>, whose salts are produced by the action of barium hygrate on phosphorus. It may be obtained from its water solution, by exaporation and freezing, as a white crystalline substance. It is a powerful reducing agent.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Hy*poph"yl*lous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>hypo- </i> + Gr. &?; leaf.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Being or growing on the under side of a leaf, as the fruit dots of ferns.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy`po*phys"i*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to the hypophysis; pituitary.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Hy*poph"y*sis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?; under + &?; nature, origin.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>See <i>Pituitary body</i>, under <u>Pituitary</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Cataract.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy`po*plas"tron</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Hypoplastra</b></plw> (#). [Pref. <i>hypo-</i> + <i>plastron</i>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>The third lateral plate in the plastron of turtles; — called also <i>hyposternum</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Hy*pop"ti*lum</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> L. <plw><b>Hypoptila</b></plw> (#), E. <plw><b>Hypoptilums</b></plw> (#). [NL., fr. Gr. <grk>"ypo`</grk> beneath + &?; down.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>An accessory plume arising from the posterior side of the stem of the contour feathers of many birds; — called also <i>aftershaft</i>. See <i>Illust.</i> of <u>Feather</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Hy`po*ra"di*us</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Hyporadii</b></plw> (#). [Pref. <i>hypo-</i> + <i>radius</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of the barbs of the hypoptilum, or aftershaft of a feather. See <u>Feather</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Hy`po*rha"chis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Hyporhachides</b></plw> (#). [NL., fr. Gr. <grk>"ypo`</grk> beneath + &?; spine.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The stem of an aftershaft or hypoptilum.</def> [Written also <i>hyporachis</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Hy`po*skel"e*tal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>hypo-</i> + <i>skeletal</i>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Beneath the endoskeleton; hypaxial; as, the <i>hyposkeletal</i> muscles; — opposed to <i>episkeletal</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Hy`po*spa"di*as</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. <grk>"ypo`</grk> beneath + <grk>spa`n</grk> to draw, tear.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>A deformity of the penis, in which the urethra opens upon its under surface.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy*pos"ta*sis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Hypostases</b></plw> (#). [L., fr. Gr. &?; subsistence, substance, fr. &?; to stand under; &?; under + &?; to stand, middle voice of &?; to cause to stand. See <u>Hypo-</u>, and <u>Stand</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>That which forms the basis of anything; underlying principle; a concept or mental entity conceived or treated as an existing being or thing.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Theol.)</i> <def>Substance; subsistence; essence; person; personality; — used by the early theologians to denote any one of the three subdivisions of the Godhead, the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The Council of Alexandria (<u>a. d.</u> 362) defined <i>hypostasis</i> as synonymous with <i>person</i>. <i>Schaff- Herzog.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Principle; an element; — used by the alchemists in speaking of salt, sulphur, and mercury, which they considered as the three principles of all material bodies.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>That which is deposited at the bottom of a fluid; sediment.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy*pos"ta*size</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To make into a distinct substance; to conceive or treat as an existing being; to hypostatize.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>The pressed Newtonians . . . refused to <i>hypostasize</i> the law of gravitation into an ether.</blockquote> <i>Coleridge.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Hy`po*stat"ic</hw> (?), <hw>Hy`po*stat"ic*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;: cf. F. <i>hypostatique</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Relating to hypostasis, or substance; hence, constitutive, or elementary.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The grand doctrine of the chymists, touching their three <i>hypostatical</i> principles.</blockquote> <i>Boyle.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Personal, or distinctly personal; relating to the divine hypostases, or substances.</def> <i>Bp. Pearson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Depending upon, or due to, deposition or setting; as, <i>hypostatic</i> cognestion, cognestion due to setting of blood by gravitation.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Hypostatic union</b></col> <i>(Theol.)</i>, <cd>the union of the divine with the human nature of Christ.</cd> <i>Tillotson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hy`po*stat"ic*al*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a hypostatic manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy*pos"ta*tize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To make into, or regarded as, a separate and distinct substance.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Looked upon both species and genera as <i>hypostatized</i> universals.</blockquote> <i>Pop. Sci. Monthly.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To attribute actual or personal existence to.</def> <i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Hy`po*ster"num</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> L. <plw><b>Hyposterna</b></plw> (#), E. <plw><b>Hyposternums</b></plw> (#). [Pref. <i>hypo-</i> + <i>sternum</i>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>See <u>Hypoplastron</u>.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Hy"po*stome</hw> (?), <hw>||Hy*pos"to*ma</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL. <i>hypostoma</i>, fr. Gr. <grk>"ypo`</grk> beneath + &?; mouth.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The lower lip of trilobites, crustaceans, etc.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy*pos"tro*phe</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to turn round or back; &?; under + &?; to turn.] <i>(Med.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The act of a patient turning himself.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A relapse, or return of a disease.</def></p>

<p><! p. 722 !></p>

<p><hw>Hy"po*style</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; resting on pillars; &?; under + &?; a pillar.] <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>Resting upon columns; constructed by means of columns; — especially applied to the great hall at Karnak.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy`po*sul"phate</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A salt of hyposulphuric acid.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy`po*sul"phite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A salt of what was formerly called hyposulphurous acid; a thiosulphate.</def> [Obs.] <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A salt of hyposulphurous acid proper.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy`po*sul*phur"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>hypo-</i> + <i>sulphuric</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Pertaining to, or containing, sulphur in a lower state of oxidation than in the sulphuric compounds; as, <i>hyposulphuric</i> acid.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Hyposulphuric acid</b></col>, <cd>an acid, H<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub>O<sub>6</sub>, obtained by the action of manganese dioxide on sulphur dioxide, and known only in a watery solution and in its salts; — called also <i>dithionic acid</i>. See <u>Dithionic</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Hy`po*sul"phur*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>hypo-</i> + <i>sulphurous</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Pertaining to, or containing, sulphur, all, or a part, in a low state of oxidation.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Hyposulphurous acid</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>Thiosulphuric acid.</cd> [Obs.] <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>An acid, H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>2</sub>, obtained by the reduction of sulphurous acid. It is not obtained in the free state, but in an orange-yellow water solution, which is a strong reducing and bleaching agent. Called also <i>hydrosulphurous acid</i>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>||Hy`po*tar"sus</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Hypotarsi</b></plw> (#). [NL. See <u>Hypo-</u>, and <u>Tarsus</u>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>A process on the posterior side of the tarsometatarsus of many birds; the calcaneal process.</def> — <wf>Hy`po*tar"sal</wf> (#), <pos><i>a.</i></pos></p>

<p>{ <hw>Hy*pot"e*nuse</hw> (?), <hw>Hy*poth"e*nuse</hw> (?) }, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>hypotenusa</i>, Gr. &?;, prob., subtending (sc. &?;), fr. &?; to stretch under, subtend; &?; under + &?; to stretch. See <u>Subtend</u>.] <i>(Geom.)</i> <def>The side of a right-angled triangle that is opposite to the right angle.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy*poth"ec</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>hypoth&egrave;que</i>. See <u>Hypotheca</u>.] <i>(Scot. Law)</i> <def>A landlord's right, independently of stipulation, over the stocking (cattle, implements, etc.), and crops of his tenant, as security for payment of rent.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Hy`po*the"ca</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., fr. Gr. &?; a thing subject to some obligation, fr. &?; to put under, put down, pledge. See <u>Hypothesis</u>.] <i>(Rom. Law)</i> <def>An obligation by which property of a debtor was made over to his creditor in security of his debt.</def></p>

<p>&fist; It differed from pledge in regard to possession of the property subject to the obligation; pledge requiring, simple hypotheca not requiring, possession of it by the creditor. The modern mortgage corresponds very closely with it. <i>Kent.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hy*poth"e*cate</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Hypothecated</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Hypothecating</u> (?).] [LL. <i>hypothecatus</i>, p. p. of <i>hypothecare</i> to pledge, fr. L. <i>hypotheca</i> pledge, security. See <u>Hypotheca</u>.] <i>(Law)</i> <def>To subject, as property, to liability for a debt or engagement without delivery of possession or transfer of title; to pledge without delivery of possession; to mortgage, as ships, or other personal property; to make a contract by bottomry. See <u>Hypothecation</u>, <u>Bottomry</u>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He had found the treasury empty and the pay of the navy in arrear. He had no power to <i>hypothecate</i> any part of the public revenue. Those who lent him money lent it on no security but his bare word.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hy*poth`e*ca"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [LL. <i>hypothecatio</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Civ. Law)</i> <def>The act or contract by which property is hypothecated; a right which a creditor has in or to the property of his debtor, in virtue of which he may cause it to be sold and the price appropriated in payment of his debt. This is a right in the thing, or <i>jus in re</i>.</def> <i>Pothier. B. R. Curtis.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>There are but few cases, if any, in our law, where an <i>hypothecation</i>, in the strict sense of the Roman law, exists; that is a pledge without possession by the pledgee.</blockquote> <i>Story.</i></p>

<p>&fist; In the modern civil law, this contract has no application to movable property, not even to ships, to which and their cargoes it is most frequently applied in England and America. See <u>Hypothecate</u>. <i>B. R. Curtis. Domat.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Law of Shipping)</i> <def>A contract whereby, in consideration of money advanced for the necessities of the ship, the vessel, freight, or cargo is made liable for its repayment, provided the ship arrives in safety. It is usually effected by a bottomry bond. See <u>Bottomry</u>.</def></p>

<p>&fist; This term is often applied to mortgages of ships.</p>

<p><hw>Hy*poth"e*ca`tor</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Law)</i> <def>One who hypothecates or pledges anything as security for the repayment of money borrowed.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Hy*poth"e*nal</hw> (?), <hw>Hy*poth"e*nar</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>hypo-</i> + <i>thenar</i>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to the prominent part of the palm of the hand above the base of the little finger, or a corresponding part in the forefoot of an animal; as, the <i>hypothenar</i> eminence.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy*poth"e*nar</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>The hypothenar eminence.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy*poth`e*nu"sal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to hypothenuse.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Hy*poth"e*nuse</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Hypotenuse</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy*poth"e*sis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Hypotheses</b></plw> (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; foundation, supposition, fr. &?; to place under, &?; under + &?; to put. See <u>Hypo-</u>, <u>Thesis</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A supposition; a proposition or principle which is supposed or taken for granted, in order to draw a conclusion or inference for proof of the point in question; something not proved, but assumed for the purpose of argument, or to account for a fact or an occurrence; as, the <i>hypothesis</i> that head winds detain an overdue steamer.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>An <i>hypothesis</i> being a mere supposition, there are no other limits to <i>hypotheses</i> than those of the human imagination.</blockquote> <i>J. S. Mill.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Natural Science)</i> <def>A tentative theory or supposition provisionally adopted to explain certain facts, and to guide in the investigation of others; hence, frequently called a <i>working hypothesis</i>.</def></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Supposition; assumption. See <u>Theory</u>.</p>

<p><col><b>Nebular hypothesis</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Nebular</u>.</cd></p>

<p>{ <hw>Hy`po*thet"ic</hw> (?), <hw>Hy`po*thet"ic*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>hypotheticus</i>, Gr. &?;: cf. F. <i>hypoth&eacute;tique</i>.] <def>Characterized by, or of the nature of, an hypothesis; conditional; assumed without proof, for the purpose of reasoning and deducing proof, or of accounting for some fact or phenomenon.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Causes <i>hypothetical</i> at least, if not real, for the various phenomena of the existence of which our experience informs us.</blockquote> <i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Hypothetical baptism</b></col> <i>(Ch. of Eng.)</i>, <cd>baptism administered to persons in respect to whom it is doubtful whether they have or have not been baptized before.</cd> <i>Hook.</i></p>

<p>— <wf>Hy`po*thet"ic*al*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <i>South.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hy*poth"e*tist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who proposes or supports an hypothesis.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>||Hy`po*tra*che"li*um</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., fr. Gr. &?;; &?; under + &?; neck.] <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Gorgerin</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Hy*pot"ri*cha</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. <grk>"ypo`</grk> beneath + &?;, &?;, a hair.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A division of ciliated Infusoria in which the cilia cover only the under side of the body.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy`po*tro"choid</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>hypo- </i> + <i>trochoid</i>.] <i>(Geom.)</i> <def>A curve, traced by a point in the radius, or radius produced, of a circle which rolls upon the concave side of a fixed circle. See <u>Hypocycloid</u>, <u>Epicycloid</u>, and <u>Trochoid</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Hy`po*ty*po"sis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to sketch out; &?; under + &?; to impress.] <i>(Rhet.)</i> <def>A vivid, picturesque description of scenes or events.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy`po*xan"thin</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>hypo- </i> + <i>xanthin</i>.] <i>(Physiol. Chem.)</i> <def>A crystalline, nitrogenous substance, closely related to xanthin and uric acid, widely distributed through the animal body, but especially in muscle tissue; — called also <i>sarcin</i>, <i>sarkin</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy`po*zo"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>hypo-</i> + Gr. &?; an animal.] <i>(Geol.)</i> <def>Anterior in age to the lowest rocks which contain organic remains.</def> <i>Lyell.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hyp"pish</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [From <u>Hyp</u>.] <def>Affected with hypochondria; hypped.</def> [Written also <i>hyppish</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Hyp"po*griff</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Hyppogriff</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hyp"si*loid</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [From &UPSILON;, the Greek letter called "upsilon" + <i>-oid</i>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Resembling the Greek letter &UPSILON; in form; hyoid.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hyp*som"e*ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; height + <i>-meter</i>.] <i>(Physics)</i> <def>An instrument for measuring heights by observation of barometric pressure; esp., one for determining heights by ascertaining the boiling point of water. It consists of a vessel for water, with a lamp for heating it, and an inclosed thermometer for showing the temperature of ebullition.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Hyp`so*met"ric</hw> (?), <hw>Hyp`so*met"ric*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to hypsometry.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hyp*som"e*try</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>That branch of the science of geodesy which has to do with the measurement of heights, either absolutely with reference to the sea level, or relatively.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy*pu"ral</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>hypo-</i> + Gr. &?; tail.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Under the tail; — applied to the bones which support the caudal fin rays in most fishes.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy"ra*coid</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to the Hyracoidea.</def> — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One of the Hyracoidea.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Hyr`a*coi"de*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Hyrax</u>, and <u>oid</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>An order of small hoofed mammals, comprising the single living genus <i>Hyrax</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Hy"rax</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?; shrew mouse.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any animal of the genus <i>Hyrax</i>, of which about four species are known. They constitute the order Hyracoidea. The best known species are the daman (<i>H. Syriacus</i>) of Palestine, and the klipdas (<i>H. capensis</i>) of South Africa. Other species are <i>H. arboreus</i> and <i>H. Sylvestris</i>, the former from Southern, and the latter from Western, Africa. See <u>Daman</u>.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Hyr*ca"ni*an</hw> (?), <hw>Hyr"can</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to Hyrcania, an ancient country or province of Asia, southeast of the Caspian (which was also called the Hyrcanian) Sea.</def> "The <i>Hyrcan</i> tiger." "<i>Hyrcanian</i> deserts." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hyrse</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [G. <i>hirse</i>, OHG. <i>hirsi</i>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Millet.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hyrst</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A wood. See <u>Hurst</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hy"son</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Chin. <i>hi-tshun</i>, lit., first crop, or blooming spring.] <def>A fragrant kind of green tea.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Hyson skin</b></col>, <cd>the light and inferior leaves separated from the hyson by a winnowing machine.</cd> <i>M&lsquo;Culloch.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hys"sop</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>hysope</i>, <i>ysope</i>, OF. <i>ysope</i>, F. <i>hysope</i>, <i>hyssope</i>, L. <i>hysopum</i>, <i>hyssopum</i>, <i>hyssopus</i>, Gr. &?;, &?;, an aromatic plant, fr. Heb. <i>&emacr;sov</i>.] <def>A plant (<i>Hyssopus officinalis</i>). The leaves have an aromatic smell, and a warm, pungent taste.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The hyssop of Scripture is supposed to be a species of caper (<i>Capparis spinosa</i>), but probably the name was used for several different plants.</p>

<p><hw>Hys`ter*an"thous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; after + &?; flower.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Having the leaves expand after the flowers have opened.</def> <i>Henslow.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Hys`te*re"sis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?; to be behind, to lag.] <i>(Physics)</i> <def>A lagging or retardation of the effect, when the forces acting upon a body are changed, as if from velocity or internal friction; a temporary resistance to change from a condition previously induced, observed in magnetism, thermoelectricity, etc., on reversal of polarity.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hys*te"ri*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL.: cf. F. <i>hyst&eacute;rie</i>. See <u>Hysteric</u>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>A nervous affection, occurring almost exclusively in women, in which the emotional and reflex excitability is exaggerated, and the will power correspondingly diminished, so that the patient loses control over the emotions, becomes the victim of imaginary sensations, and often falls into paroxism or fits.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The chief symptoms are convulsive, tossing movements of the limbs and head, uncontrollable crying and laughing, and a choking sensation as if a ball were lodged in the throat. The affection presents the most varied symptoms, often simulating those of the gravest diseases, but generally curable by mental treatment alone.</p>

<p>{ <hw>Hys*ter"ic</hw> (?), <hw>Hys*ter"ic*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>hystericus</i>, Gr. &?;, fr. <grk>"yste`ra</grk> the womb; perh. akin to &?; latter, later, and E. <i>utter</i>, <i>out</i>.] <def>Of or pertaining to hysteria; affected, or troubled, with hysterics; convulsive, fitful.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>With no <i>hysteric</i> weakness or feverish excitement, they preserved their peace and patience.</blockquote> <i>Bancroft.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hys*ter"ics</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Hysteria.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hys`ter*o*ep"i*lep`sy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Hysteria</i> + <i>epilepsy</i>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>A disease resembling hysteria in its nature, and characterized by the occurrence of epileptiform convulsions, which can often be controlled or excited by pressure on the ovaries, and upon other definite points in the body.</def> — <wf>Hys`ter*o*ep`i*lep"tic</wf> (#), <pos><i>a.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Hys`ter*o*gen"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Hyste</i>ria + root of Gr. &?; to be born.] <i>(Physiol.)</i> <def>Producing hysteria; as, the <i>hysterogenic</i>pressure points on the surface of the body, pressure upon which is said both to produce and arrest an attack of hysteria.</def> <i>De Watteville.</i></p>

<p><hw>Hys`ter*ol"o*gy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;; &?; the latter + &?; discourse: cf. F. <i>hyst&eacute;rologie</i>.] <i>(Rhet.)</i> <def>A figure by which the ordinary course of thought is inverted in expression, and the last put first; — called also <i>hysteron proteron</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Hys"te*ron prot"e*ron</hw> (?). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; the latter, following + &?; before, others, sooner.] <i>(Rhet.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A figure in which the natural order of sense is reversed; hysterology; as, <i>valet atque vivit</i>, "he is well and lives."</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>An inversion of logical order, in which the conclusion is put before the premises, or the thing proved before the evidence.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hys*ter"o*phyte</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; following + &?; plant.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A plant, like the fungus, which lives on dead or living organic matter.</def> — <wf>Hys`ter*oph"y*tal</wf> (#), <pos><i>a.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Hys`ter*ot"o*my</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>"yste`ra</grk> womb + &?; to cut: cf. F. <i>hyst&eacute;rotomie</i>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>The C&aelig;sarean section. See under <u>C&aelig;sarean</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hys"tri*cine</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See <u>Hystrix</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Like or pertaining to the porcupines.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hys`tri*co*mor"phous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Hystrix</i> + Gr. &?; form.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Like, or allied to, the porcupines; — said of a group (<i>Hystricomorpha</i>) of rodents.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hys"trix</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; porcupine.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A genus of rodents, including the porcupine.</def></p>

<p><hw>Hythe</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A small haven. See <u>Hithe</u>.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p></p>