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The 1913 Webster Unabridged Dictionary: Letters P & Q
February, 1999 [Etext #666]

The Project Gutenberg Etext of The 1913 Webster Unabridged Dictionary
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<! Begin file 7 of 11: P and Q. (Version 0.50) of
          An electronic field-marked version of:

         Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary
                 Version published 1913
               by the C. & G. Merriam Co.
                   Springfield, Mass.
                 Under the direction of
                Noah Porter, D.D., LL.D.

This electronic version was prepared by MICRA, Inc. of Plainfield, NJ. Last edit February 11, 1999.

MICRA, Inc. makes no proprietary claims on this version of the 1913 Webster dictionary. If the original printed edition of the 1913 Webster is in the public domain, this version may also be considered as public domain.

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<p><point26>P.</point26></p>

<p><hw>P</hw> (p&emacr;), <def>the sixteenth letter of the English alphabet, is a nonvocal consonant whose form and value come from the Latin, into which language the letter was brought, through the ancient Greek, from the Ph&oelig;nician, its probable origin being Egyptian. Etymologically P is most closely related to <i>b</i>, <i>f</i>, and <i>v</i>; as ho<i>bb</i>le, ho<i>pp</i>le; <i>f</i>ather, <i>p</i>aternal; reci<i>p</i>ient, recei<i>v</i>e. See <u>B</u>, <u>F</u>, and <u>M</u>.</def></p>

<p>See <i>Guide to Pronunciation</i>, &sect;&sect; 247, 248, and 184- 195.</p>

<p><hw>Pa</hw> (p&auml;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A shortened form of <u>Papa</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa"age</hw> (p&amacr;"&asl;j; 48), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>paage</i>, <i>paiage</i>, F. <i>p&eacute;age</i>, fr. (assumed) LL. <i>pedaticum</i>, fr. L. <i>pes</i>, <i>pedis</i>, foot. See <u>Pedage</u>, <u>Pedal</u>.] <i>(O. Eng. Law)</i> <def>A toll for passage over another person's grounds.</def> [Written also <i>peage</i> and <i>pedage</i>.] <i>Burke.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Paard</hw> (p&auml;rd), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [D., a horse.] <def>The zebra.</def> [S. Africa]</p>

<p><hw>Paas</hw> (p&auml;s), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Pace</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer</i></p>

<p><hw>Paas</hw> (p&add;s), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [D. <i>paash</i>. See <u>Pasch</u>.] <def>The Easter festival.</def> [Local, U. S.] <i>Bartlett.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Paas egg</b></col>. <cd>See <i>Easter egg</i>, under <u>Easter</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pab"u*lar</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>pabularis</i>.] <def>Of, pertaining to, or fit for, pabulum or food; affording food.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pab`u*la"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>pabulatio</i>, fr. <i>pabulari</i> to feed, fr. <i>pabulum</i> food. See <u>Pabulum</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of feeding, or providing food.</def> [Obs.] <i>Cockeram.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Food; fodder; pabulum.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Pab"u*lous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>pabulosus</i>.] <def>Affording pabulum, or food; alimental.</def> [R.] <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pab"u*lum</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., akin to <i>pascere</i> to pasture. See <u>Pastor</u>.] <def>The means of nutriment to animals or plants; food; nourishment; hence, that which feeds or sustains, as fuel for a fire; that upon which the mind or soul is nourished; as, intellectual <i>pabulum</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pac</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A kind of moccasin, having the edges of the sole turned up and sewed to the upper.</def> <i>Knight.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pa"ca</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Pg., from the native name.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A small South American rodent (<i>C&oelig;logenys paca</i>), having blackish brown fur, with four parallel rows of white spots along its sides; the spotted cavy. It is nearly allied to the agouti and the Guinea pig.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa"ca*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>pacare</i> to pacify.] <def>Placable.</def> [R.] <i>Coleridge.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pa*cane"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A species of hickory. See <u>Pecan</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa"cate</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>pacatus</i>, p. p. of <i>pacare</i> to pacify, fr. <i>pax</i>, <i>pacis</i>, peace. See <u>Pay</u> to requite, <u>Peace</u>.] <def>Appeased; pacified; tranquil.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Pa"ca*ted</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pacified; pacate.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa*ca"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>pacatio</i>.] <def>The act of pacifying; a peacemaking.</def> <i>Coleridge.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pace</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>pas</i>, F. <i>pas</i>, from L. <i>passus</i> a step, pace, orig., a stretching out of the feet in walking; cf. <i>pandere</i>, <i>passum</i>, to spread, stretch; perh. akin to E. <i>patent</i>. Cf. <u>Pas</u>, <u>Pass</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A single movement from one foot to the other in walking; a step.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The length of a step in walking or marching, reckoned from the heel of one foot to the heel of the other; — used as a unit in measuring distances; as, he advanced fifty <i>paces</i>.</def> "The heigh of sixty <i>pace</i> ." <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p>&fist; Ordinarily the <i>pace</i> is estimated at two and one half linear feet; but in measuring distances be stepping, the <i>pace</i> is extended to three feet (one yard) or to three and three tenths feet (one fifth of a rod). The regulation marching <i>pace</i> in the English and United States armies is thirty inches for quick time, and thirty-six inches for double time. The Roman <i>pace</i> (<i>passus</i>) was from the heel of one foot to the heel of the same foot when it next touched the ground, five Roman feet.</p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Manner of stepping or moving; gait; walk; as, the walk, trot, canter, gallop, and amble are <i>paces</i> of the horse; a swaggering <i>pace</i>; a quick <i>pace</i>.</def> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>To-morrow, and to-morrow, and to-morrow,<BR> Creeps in this petty <i>pace</i> from day to day.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>In the military schools of riding a variety of <i>paces</i> are taught.</blockquote> <i>Walsh.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>A slow gait; a footpace.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chucer.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>Specifically, a kind of fast amble; a rack.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>Any single movement, step, or procedure.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>The first <i>pace</i> necessary for his majesty to make is to fall into confidence with Spain.</blockquote> <i>Sir W. Temple.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>A broad step or platform; any part of a floor slightly raised above the rest, as around an altar, or at the upper end of a hall.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>8.</b></sn> <i>(Weaving)</i> <def>A device in a loom, to maintain tension on the warp in pacing the web.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Geometrical pace</b></col>, <cd>the space from heel to heel between the spot where one foot is set down and that where the same foot is again set down, loosely estimated at five feet, or by some at four feet and two fifths. See <i>Roman pace</i> in the Note under def. 2.</cd> [Obs.] — <col><b>To</b></col> <col><b>keep, or hold</b></col>, <col><b>pace with</b></col>, <cd>to keep up with; to go as fast as.</cd> "In intellect and attainments he <i>kept pace with</i> his age." <i>Southey.</i> </p>

<p><hw>Pace</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Paced</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Pacing</u> (?).] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To go; to walk; specifically, to move with regular or measured steps.</def> "I <i>paced</i> on slowly." <i>Pope.</i> "With speed so <i>pace</i>." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To proceed; to pass on.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Or [ere] that I further in this tale <i>pace</i>.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To move quickly by lifting the legs on the same side together, as a horse; to amble with rapidity; to rack.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To pass away; to die.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pace</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To walk over with measured tread; to move slowly over or upon; as, the guard <i>paces</i> his round.</def> "<i>Pacing</i> light the velvet plain." <i>T. Warton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To measure by steps or paces; as, to <i>pace</i> a piece of ground.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To develop, guide, or control the pace or paces of; to teach the pace; to break in.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>If you can, <i>pace</i> your wisdom<BR> In that good path that I would wish it go.</blockquote> <i>Shak</i></p>

<p><col><b>To pace the web</b></col> <i>(Weaving)</i>, <cd>to wind up the cloth on the beam, periodically, as it is woven, in a loom.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Paced</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having, or trained in, [such] a pace or gait; trained; — used in composition; as, slow- <i>paced</i>; a thorough-<i>paced</i> villain.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa"cer</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who, or that which, paces; especially, a horse that paces.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa*cha"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F.] <def>See <u>Pasha</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pa`cha*ca*mac"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A divinity worshiped by the ancient Peruvians as the creator of the universe.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pa*chak"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The fragrant roots of the <i>Saussurea Costus</i>, exported from India to China, and used for burning as incense. It is supposed to be the <i>costus</i> of the ancients.</def> [Written also <i>putchuck</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Pa*cha"lic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a. & n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Pashalic</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pa*chi"si</hw> (?), <hw>Par*che"si</hw> (&?;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Hind., fr. <i>pachis</i> twenty-five, the highest throw in the game.] <def>A game, somewhat resembling backgammon, originating in India.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa*chom"e*ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>pa`chos</grk> thickness + <i>-meter</i>.] <i>(Physics)</i> <def>An instrument for measuring thickness, as of the glass of a mirror, or of paper; a pachymeter.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pa*chon"ta</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A substance resembling gutta-percha, and used to adulterate it, obtained from the East Indian tree <i>Isonandra acuminata</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pach"y-</hw> (?). [Gr. &?; thick.] <def>A combining form meaning <i>thick</i>; as, <i>pachy</i>derm, <i>pachy</i>dactyl.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pach`y*car"pous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Pachy-</i> + Gr. &?; fruit.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Having the pericarp thick.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pach`y*dac"tyl</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Pachy-</i> + <i>dactyl</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A bird or other animal having thick toes.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pach`y*dac"tyl*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Having thick toes.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pach"y*derm</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>pachyderme</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of the Pachydermata.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pach`y*der"mal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Of or relating to the pachyderms; as, <i>pachydermal</i> dentition.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pach`y*der"ma*ta</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?; thick-skinned; <grk>pachy`s</grk> thick + &?; skin.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A group of hoofed mammals distinguished for the thickness of their skins, including the elephant, hippopotamus, rhinoceros, tapir, horse, and hog. It is now considered an artificial group.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pach`y*der"ma*tous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to the pachyderms.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Thick-skinned; not sensitive to ridicule.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pach`y*der"moid</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Pachyderm</i> + <i>-oid</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Related to the pachyderms.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pach`y*glos"sal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Pachy-</i> + Gr. &?; tongue.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Having a thick tongue; — applied to a group of lizards (<i>Pachygloss&aelig;</i>), including the iguanas and agamas.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pach`y*men`in*gi"tis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Pachy- </i> + <i>meningitis</i>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Inflammation of the dura mater or outer membrane of the brain.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa*chym"e*ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Pachy-</i> + <i>-meter</i>.] <def>Same as <u>Pachometer</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pach"y*ote</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Pachy-</i> + Gr. &?;, &?;, ear.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of a family of bats, including those which have thick external ears.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pac"i*fi`a*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Capable of being pacified or appeased; placable.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa*cif"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>pacificus</i>: cf. F. <i>pacifique</i>. See <u>Pacify</u>.] <def>Of or pertaining to peace; suited to make or restore peace; of a peaceful character; not warlike; not quarrelsome; conciliatory; as, <i>pacific</i> words or acts; a <i>pacific</i> nature or condition.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Pacific Ocean</b></col>, <cd>the ocean between America and Asia, so called by Magellan, its first European navigator, on account of the exemption from violent tempests which he enjoyed while sailing over it; — called also, simply, the <i>Pacific</i>, and, formerly, the <i>South sea</i>.</cd></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Peacemaking; appeasing; conciliatory; tranquil; calm; quiet; peaceful; reconciling; mild; gentle.</p>

<p><hw>Pa*cif"ic*a*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Placable.</def> [R.] <i>Bp. Hall.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pa*cif"ic*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to peace; pacific.</def> [R.] <i>Sir H. Wotton.</i> — <wf>Pa*cif"ic*al*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Pa*cif`i*ca"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>pacificatio</i>: cf. F. <i>pacification</i>. See <u>Pacify</u>.] <def>The act or process of pacifying, or of making peace between parties at variance; reconciliation.</def> "An embassy of <i>pacification</i>." <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pa*cif"i*ca`tor</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L.] <def>One who, or that which, pacifies; a peacemaker.</def> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pa*cif"i*ca*to*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>pacificatorius</i>.] <def>Tending to make peace; conciliatory.</def> <i>Barrow.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pac"i*fi`er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who pacifies.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pac"i*fy</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Pacified</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Pacifying</u> (?).] [F. <i>pacifier</i>, L. <i>pacificare</i>; <i>pax</i>, <i>pacis</i>, peace + <i>-ficare</i> (in comp.) to make. See <u>Peace</u>, and <u>-fy</u>.] <def>To make to be at peace; to appease; to calm; to still; to quiet; to allay the agitation, excitement, or resentment of; to tranquillize; as, to <i>pacify</i> a man when angry; to <i>pacify</i> pride, appetite, or importunity.</def> "Pray ye, <i>pacify</i> yourself." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>To <i>pacify</i> and settle those countries.</blockquote> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pa*cin"i*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Of, pertaining to, or discovered by, Filippo <i>Pacini</i>, an Italian physician of the 19th century.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Pacinian corpuscles</b></col>, <cd>small oval bodies terminating some of the minute branches of the sensory nerves in the integument and other parts of the body. They are supposed to be tactile organs.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pack</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. <u>Pact</u>.] <def>A pact.</def> [Obs.] <i>Daniel.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pack</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Akin to D. <i>pak</i>, G. <i>pack</i>, Dan. <i>pakke</i>, Sw. <i>packa</i>, Icel. <i>pakki</i>, Gael. & Ir. <i>pac</i>, Arm. <i>pak</i>. Cf. <u>Packet</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A bundle made up and prepared to be carried; especially, a bundle to be carried on the back; a load for an animal; a bale, as of goods.</def> <i>Piers Plowman.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> [Cf. <u>Peck</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <def>A number or quantity equal to the contents of a pack; hence, a multitude; a burden.</def> "A <i>pack</i> of sorrows." "A <i>pack</i> of blessings." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p>&fist; "In England, by a <i>pack</i> of meal is meant 280 lbs.; of wool, 240 lbs." <i>McElrath.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A number or quantity of connected or similar things</def>; as: <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A full set of playing cards; also, the assortment used in a particular game; as, a euchre <i>pack</i>.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A number of hounds or dogs, hunting or kept together.</def> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <def>A number of persons associated or leagued in a bad design or practice; a gang; as, a <i>pack</i> of thieves or knaves.</def> <sd><i>(d)</i></sd> <def>A shook of cask staves.</def> <sd><i>(e)</i></sd> <def>A bundle of sheet-iron plates for rolling simultaneously.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>A large area of floating pieces of ice driven together more or less closely.</def> <i>Kane.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>An envelope, or wrapping, of sheets used in hydropathic practice, called <i>dry pack</i>, <i>wet pack</i>, <i>cold pack</i>, etc., according to the method of treatment.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> [Prob. the same word; but cf. AS. <i>p&?;can</i> to deceive.] <def>A loose, lewd, or worthless person. See <u>Baggage</u>.</def> [Obs.] <i>Skelton.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Pack animal</b></col>, <cd>an animal, as a horse, mule, etc., employed in carrying packs.</cd> — <col><b>Pack cloth</b></col>, <cd>a coarse cloth, often duck, used in covering packs or bales.</cd> — <col><b>Pack horse</b></col>. <cd>See <i>Pack animal</i> (above).</cd> — <col><b>Pack ice</b></col>. <cd>See def. 4, above.</cd> — <col><b>Pack moth</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a small moth (<i>Anacampsis sarcitella</i>) which, in the larval state, is very destructive to wool and woolen fabrics.</cd> — <col><b>Pack needle</b></col>, <cd>a needle for sewing with pack thread.</cd> <i>Piers Plowman.</i> — <col><b>Pack saddle</b></col>, <cd>a saddle made for supporting the load on a pack animal.</cd> <i>Shak.</i> — <col><b>Pack staff</b></col>, <cd>a staff for supporting a pack; a peddler's staff.</cd> — <col><b>Pack thread</b></col>, <cd>strong thread or small twine used for tying packs or parcels.</cd> — <col><b>Pack train</b></col> <i>(Mil.)</i>, <cd>a troop of pack animals.</cd></p>

<p><! p. 1029 !></p>

<p><hw>Pack</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Packed</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Packing</u>.] [Akin to D. <i>pakken</i>, G. <i>packen</i>, Dan. <i>pakke</i>, Sw. <i>packa</i>, Icel. <i>pakka</i>. See <u>Pack</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To make a pack of; to arrange closely and securely in a pack; hence, to place and arrange compactly as in a pack; to press into close order or narrow compass; as to <i>pack</i> goods in a box; to <i>pack</i> fish.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Strange materials <i>packed</i> up with wonderful art.</blockquote> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Where . . . the bones<BR> Of all my buried ancestors are <i>packed</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To fill in the manner of a pack, that is, compactly and securely, as for transportation; hence, to fill closely or to repletion; to stow away within; to cause to be full; to crowd into; as, to <i>pack</i> a trunk; the play, or the audience, <i>packs</i> the theater.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To sort and arrange (the cards) in a pack so as to secure the game unfairly.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>And mighty dukes <i>pack</i> cards for half a crown.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Hence: To bring together or make up unfairly and fraudulently, in order to secure a certain result; as, to <i>pack</i> a jury or a causes.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The expected council was dwindling into . . . a <i>packed</i> assembly of Italian bishops.</blockquote> <i>Atterbury.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>To contrive unfairly or fraudulently; to plot.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote> He lost life . . . upon a nice point subtilely devised and <i>packed</i> by his enemies.</blockquote> <i>Fuller.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>To load with a pack; hence, to load; to encumber; as, to <i>pack</i> a horse.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Our thighs <i>packed</i> with wax, our mouths with honey.</blockquote> <i>Shack.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <def>To cause to go; to send away with baggage or belongings; esp., to send away peremptorily or suddenly; — sometimes with <i>off</i>; as, to <i>pack</i> a boy off to school.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He . . . must not die</blockquote></p>

<p><blockquote>Till George be <i>packed</i> with post horse up to heaven.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>8.</b></sn> <def>To transport in a pack, or in the manner of a pack (<i>i. e.</i>, on the backs of men or beasts).</def> [Western U.S.]</p>

<p><sn><b>9.</b></sn> <i>(Hydropathy)</i> <def>To envelop in a wet or dry sheet, within numerous coverings. See <u>Pack</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, 5.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>10.</b></sn> <i>(Mech.)</i> <def>To render impervious, as by filling or surrounding with suitable material, or to fit or adjust so as to move without giving passage to air, water, or steam; as, to <i>pack</i> a joint; to <i>pack</i> the piston of a steam engine.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pack</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To make up packs, bales, or bundles; to stow articles securely for transportation.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To admit of stowage, or of making up for transportation or storage; to become compressed or to settle together, so as to form a compact mass; as, the goods <i>pack</i> conveniently; wet snow <i>packs</i> well.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To gather in flocks or schools; as, the grouse or the perch begin to <i>pack</i>.</def> [Eng.]</p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To depart in haste; — generally with <i>off</i> or <i>away</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Poor Stella must <i>pack</i> off to town</blockquote> <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>You shall <i>pack</i>,<BR> And never more darken my doors again.</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>To unite in bad measures; to confederate for ill purposes; to join in collusion.</def> [Obs.] "Go <i>pack</i> with him." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><col><b>To send packing</b></col>, <cd>to drive away; to send off roughly or in disgrace; to dismiss unceremoniously.</cd> "The parliament . . . presently <i>sent</i> him <i>packing</i>." <i>South.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pack"age</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Act or process of packing.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A bundle made up for transportation; a packet; a bale; a parcel; as, a <i>package</i> of goods.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A charge made for packing goods.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>A duty formerly charged in the port of London on goods imported or exported by aliens, or by denizens who were the sons of aliens.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pack"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A person whose business is to pack things; especially, one who packs food for preservation; as, a pork <i>packer</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pack"et</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>paquet</i>, dim. fr. LL. <i>paccus</i>, from the same source as E. <i>pack</i>. See <u>Pack</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A small pack or package; a little bundle or parcel; as, a <i>packet</i> of letters.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Originally, a vessel employed by government to convey dispatches or mails; hence, a vessel employed in conveying dispatches, mails, passengers, and goods, and having fixed days of sailing; a mail boat.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Packet boat</b></col>, <col><b>ship</b></col>, or <col><b>vessel</b></col>. <cd>See <u>Packet</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, 2.</cd> — <col><b>Packet day</b></col>, <cd>the day for mailing letters to go by packet; or the sailing day.</cd> — <col><b>Packet note</b></col> or <col><b>post</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Paper</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pack"et</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Packeted</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Packeting</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To make up into a packet or bundle.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To send in a packet or dispatch vessel.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Her husband<BR> Was <i>packeted</i> to France.</blockquote> <i>Ford.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pack"et</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To ply with a packet or dispatch boat.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pack"fong`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Chin. <i>peh tung</i>.] <i>(Metal.)</i> <def>A Chinese alloy of nickel, zinc, and copper, resembling German silver.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pack herse</hw>. <def>See under 2d <u>Pack</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pack"house`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Warehouse for storing goods.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pack"ing</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act or process of one who packs.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Any material used to pack, fill up, or make close.</def> Specifically <i>(Mach.)</i>: <def>A substance or piece used to make a joint impervious</def>; as: <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A thin layer, or sheet, of yielding or elastic material inserted between the surfaces of a flange joint.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The substance in a stuffing box, through which a piston rod slides.</def> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <def>A yielding ring, as of metal, which surrounds a piston and maintains a tight fit, as inside a cylinder, etc.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Masonry)</i> <def>Same as <u>Filling</u>.</def> [Rare in the U. S.]</p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>A trick; collusion.</def> [Obs.] <i>Bale.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Cherd packing</b></col> <i>(Bridge Building)</i>, <cd>the arrangement, side by side, of several parts, as bars, diagonals, a post, etc., on a pin at the bottom of a chord.</cd> <i>Waddell.</i> — <col><b>Packing box</b></col>, <cd>a stuffing box. See under <u>Stuffing</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Packing press</b></col>, <cd>a powerful press for baling cotton, wool, hay, etc.</cd> — <col><b>Packing ring</b></col>. <cd>See <u>Packing</u>, 2 <sd><i>(c)</i></sd>, and <i>Illust.</i> of <u>Piston</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Packing sheet</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>A large cloth for packing goods</cd>. <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>A sheet prepared for packing hydropathic patients.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pack"man</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Packmen</b></plw> (&?;). <def>One who bears a pack; a peddler.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pack saddle</hw>, <hw>Pack thread</hw> }. <def>See under 2d <u>Pack</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pack"wax`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Paxwax</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pack"way`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A path, as over mountains, followed by pack animals.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pa"co</hw> (?), <hw>Pa"cos</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Sp. <i>paco</i>, fr. Peruv. <i>paco</i>. Cf. <u>Alpaca</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Alpaca</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> [Peruv. <i>paco</i>, <i>pacu</i>, red, reddish, reddish ore containing silver; perh. a different word.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>An earthy-looking ore, consisting of brown oxide of iron with minute particles of native silver.</def> <i>Ure.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pact</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>pactum</i>, fr. <i>paciscere</i> to make a bargain or contract, fr. <i>pacere</i> to settle, or agree upon; cf. <i>pangere</i> to fasten, Gr. &?;, Skr. <i>p&amacr;ca</i> bond, and E. <i>fang</i>: cf. F. <i>pacie</i>. Cf. <u>Peace</u>, <u>Fadge</u>, <pos><i>v.</i></pos>] <def>An agreement; a league; a compact; a covenant.</def> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The engagement and <i>pact</i> of society whish goes by the name of the constitution.</blockquote> <i>Burke.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pac"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>pactio</i>: cf. F. <i>paction</i>. See <u>Pact</u>.] <def>An agreement; a compact; a bargain.</def> [R.] <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pac"tion*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of the nature of, or by means of, a paction.</def> <i>Bp. Sanderson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pac*ti"tious</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>pactitius</i>, <i>pacticius</i>.] <def>Setted by a pact, or agreement.</def> [R.] <i>Johnson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pac*to"li*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pertaining to the Pactolus, a river in ancient Lydia famous for its golden sands.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa"cu</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A South American freah-water fish (<i>Myleies pacu</i>), of the family <i>Characinid&aelig;</i>. It is highly esteemed as food.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pad</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [D. <i>pad</i>. &radic;21. See <u>Path</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A footpath; a road.</def> [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>An easy-paced horse; a padnag.</def> <i>Addison</i></p>

<p><blockquote>An abbot on an ambling <i>pad</i>.</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A robber that infests the road on foot; a highwayman; — usually called a <i>footpad</i>.</def> <i>Gay. Byron.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>The act of robbing on the highway.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Pad</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To travel upon foot; to tread.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote><i>Padding</i> the streets for half a crown.</blockquote> <i>Somerville.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pad</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To travel heavily or slowly.</def> <i>Bunyan.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To rob on foot.</def> [Obs.] <i>Cotton Mather.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To wear a path by walking.</def> [Prov. Eng.]</p>

<p><hw>Pad</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Perh. akin to <i>pod</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A soft, or small, cushion; a mass of anything soft; stuffing.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A kind of cushion for writing upon, or for blotting; esp., one formed of many flat sheets of writing paper, or layers of blotting paper; a block of paper.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A cushion used as a saddle without a tree or frame.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>A stuffed guard or protection; esp., one worn on the legs of horses to prevent bruising.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A cushionlike thickening of the skin one the under side of the toes of animals.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>A floating leaf of a water lily or similar plant.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>A soft bag or cushion to relieve pressure, support a part, etc.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>8.</b></sn> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>A piece of timber fixed on a beam to fit the curve of the deck.</def> <i>W. C. Russel.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>9.</b></sn> <def>A measure for fish; as, sixty mackerel go to a <i>pad</i>; a basket of soles.</def> [Eng.] <i>Simmonds.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Pad cloth</b></col>, <cd>a saddlecloth; a housing.</cd> — <col><b>Pad saddle</b></col>. <cd>See def. 3, above.</cd> — <col><b>Pad tree</b></col> <i>(Harness Making)</i>, <cd>a piece of wood or metal which gives rigidity and shape to a harness pad.</cd> <i>Knight.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pad</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Padded</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Padding</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To stuff; to furnish with a pad or padding.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Calico Printing)</i> <def>To imbue uniformly with a mordant; as, to <i>pad</i> cloth.</def> <i>Ure.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pad"ar</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Etymol. uncertain.] <def>Groats; coarse flour or meal.</def> [Obs.] <i>Sir. H. Wotton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pad"der</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who, or that which, pads.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A highwayman; a footpad.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Pad"ding</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act or process of making a pad or of inserting stuffing.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The material with which anything is padded.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Material of inferior value, serving to extend a book, essay, etc.</def> <i>London Sat. Rev.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Calico Printing)</i> <def>The uniform impregnation of cloth with a mordant.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pad"dle</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [Prob. for <i>pattle</i>, and a dim. of <i>pat</i>, v.; cf. also E. <i>pad</i> to tread, Prov. G. <i>paddeln</i>, <i>padden</i>, to walk with short steps, to paddle, G. <i>patschen</i> to splash, dash, dabble, F. <i>patouiller</i> to dabble, splash, fr. <i>patte</i> a paw. &radic;21.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To use the hands or fingers in toying; to make caressing strokes.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To dabble in water with hands or feet; to use a paddle, or something which serves as a paddle, in swimming, in paddling a boat, etc.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>As the men were <i>paddling</i> for their lives.</blockquote> <i>L'Estrange.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>While <i>paddling</i> ducks the standing lake desire.</blockquote> <i>Gay.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pad"dle</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Paddled</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Paddling</u> (?)] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To pat or stroke amorously, or gently.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>To be <i>paddling</i> palms and pinching fingers.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To propel with, or as with, a paddle or paddles.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To pad; to tread upon; to trample.</def> [Prov. Eng.]</p>

<p><hw>Pad"dle</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Paddle</u>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>An implement with a broad blade, which is used without a fixed fulcrum in propelling and steering canoes and boats.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The broad part of a paddle, with which the stroke is made; hence, any short, broad blade, resembling that of a paddle.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Thou shalt have a <i>paddle</i> upon thy weapon.</blockquote> <i>Deut. xxiii. 13.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>One of the broad boards, or floats, at the circumference of a water wheel, or paddle wheel.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>A small gate in sluices or lock gates to admit or let off water; — also called <i>clough</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A paddle-shaped foot, as of the sea turtle.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>A paddle-shaped implement for stirring or mixing.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> [In this sense prob. for older <i>spaddle</i>, <i>a dim</i>. <i>of spade</i>.] <def>See <i>Paddle staff</i> (b), below.</def> [Prov. Eng.]</p>

<p><col><b>Paddle beam</b></col> <i>(Shipbuilding)</i>, <cd>one of two large timbers supporting the spring beam and paddle box of a steam vessel.</cd> — <col><b>Paddle board</b></col>. <cd>See <u>Paddle</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, 3.</cd> — <col><b>Paddle box</b></col>, <cd>the structure inclosing the upper part of the paddle wheel of a steam vessel.</cd> — <col><b>Paddle shaft</b></col>, <cd>the revolving shaft which carries the paddle wheel of a steam vessel.</cd> — <col><b>Paddle staff</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>A staff tipped with a broad blade, used by mole catchers.</cd> [Prov. Eng.] <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>A long-handled spade used to clean a plowshare; — called also <i>plow staff</i>.</cd> [Prov. Eng.] — <col><b>Paddle steamer</b></col>, <cd>a steam vessel propelled by paddle wheels, in distinction from a screw propeller.</cd> — <col><b>Paddle wheel</b></col>, <cd>the propelling wheel of a steam vessel, having paddles (or floats) on its circumference, and revolving in a vertical plane parallel to the vessel's length.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pad"dle*cock`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The lumpfish.</def> [Prov. Eng.]</p>

<p><hw>Pad"dle*fish`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l)</i> <def>A large ganoid fish (<i>Polyodon spathula</i>) found in the rivers of the Mississippi Valley. It has a long spatula-shaped snout. Called also <i>duck-billed cat</i>, and <i>spoonbill sturgeon</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pad"dler</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who, or that which, paddles.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pad"dle*wood`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The light elastic wood of the <i>Aspidosperma excelsum</i>, a tree of Guiana having a fluted trunk readily split into planks.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pad"dock</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>padde</i> toad, frog + <i>-ock</i>; akin to D. <i>pad</i>, <i>padde</i>, toad, Icel. & Sw. <i>padda</i>, Dan. <i>padde</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A toad or frog.</def> <i>Wyclif.</i> "Loathed <i>paddocks</i>." <i>Spenser</i></p>

<p><col><b>Paddock pipe</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>a hollow-stemmed plant of the genus <i>Equisetum</i>, especially <i>E. limosum</i> and the fruiting stems of <i>E. arvense</i>; — called also <i>padow pipe</i> and <i>toad pipe</i>. See <u>Equisetum</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Paddock stone</b></col>. <cd>See <u>Toadstone</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Paddock stool</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>,<cd>a toadstool.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pad"dock</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Corrupted fr. <i>parrock</i>. See <u>Parrock</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A small inclosure or park for sporting.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A small inclosure for pasture; esp., one adjoining a stable.</def> <i>Evelyn. Cowper.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pad"dy</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Prov. E. <i>paddy</i> worm-eaten.] <def>Low; mean; boorish; vagabond.</def> "Such <i>pady</i> persons." <i>Digges (1585).</i> "The <i>paddy</i> persons." <i>Motley.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pad"dy</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Paddies</b></plw> (#). [Corrupted fr. St. <i>Patrick</i>, the tutelar saint of Ireland.] <def>A jocose or contemptuous name for an Irishman.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pad"dy</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Either fr. Canarese <i>bhatta</i> or Malay <i>p&amacr;d&imacr;</i>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Unhusked rice; — commonly so called in the East Indies.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Paddy bird</b></col>. <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <cd>See <i>Java sparrow</i>, under <u>Java</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pad`e*li"on</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>pas de lion</i>on's foot.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A plant with pedately lobed leaves; the lady's mantle.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pa*del"la</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [It., prop., a pan, a friing pan, fr. L. <i>patella</i> a pan.] <def>A large cup or deep saucer, containing fatty matter in which a wick is placed, — used for public illuminations, as at St. Peter's, in Rome. Called also <i>padelle</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pad`e*mel"on</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>See <u>Wallaby</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pad"e*soy`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Paduasoy</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Padge</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The barn owl; — called also <i>pudge</i>, and <i>pudge owl</i>.</def> [Prov. Eng.]</p>

<p><hw>||Pa`di*shah"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Per. <i>p&amacr;dish&amacr;h</i>. Cf. <u>Pasha</u>.] <def>Chief ruler; monarch; sovereign; — a title of the Sultan of Turkey, and of the Shah of Persia.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pad"lock`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Perh. orig., a lock for a <i>pad</i> gate, or a gate opening to a <i>path</i>, or perh., a lock for a basket or pannier, and from Prov. E. <i>pad</i> a pannier. Cf. <u>Pad</u> a path, <u>Paddler</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A portable lock with a bow which is usually jointed or pivoted at one end so that it can be opened, the other end being fastened by the bolt, — used for fastening by passing the bow through a staple over a hasp or through the links of a chain, etc.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Fig.: A curb; a restraint.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pad"lock`</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Padlocked</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Padlocking</u>.] <def>To fasten with, or as with, a padlock; to stop; to shut; to confine as by a padlock.</def> <i>Milton. Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pad"nag`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [lst <i>pad + nag</i>.] <def>An ambling nag.</def> "An easy <i>padnag</i>." <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pad"ow</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A paddock, or toad.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Padow pipe</b></col>. <i>(Bot.)</i> <cd>See <i>Paddock pipe</i>, under <u>Paddock</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>||Pa*dro"ne</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> It. <plw><b>Padroni</b></plw> (#), E. <plw><b>Padrones</b></plw>. [It. See <u>Patron</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A patron; a protector.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The master of a small coaster in the Mediterranean.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A man who imports, and controls the earnings of, Italian laborers, street musicians, etc.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pad`u*a*soy"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From <i>Padua</i>, in Italy + F. <i>soie</i> silk; or cf. F. <i>pou-de-soie</i>.] <def>A rich and heavy silk stuff.</def> [Written also <i>padesoy</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Pa*du"cahs</hw> (p&adot;*d&umacr;"k&adot;z), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos>; sing. <singw><b>Paducah</b></singw> (-k&adot;). <i>(Ethnol.)</i> <def>See <u>Comanches</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>P&aelig;"an</hw> (p&emacr;`<i>a</i>n), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>paean</i>, Gr. <grk>paia`n</grk>, fr. <grk>Paia`n</grk> the physician of the gods, later, Apollo. Cf. <u>P&aelig;on</u>, <u>Peony</u>.] [Written also <i>pean</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>An ancient Greek hymn in honor of Apollo as a healing deity, and, later, a song addressed to other deities.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Any loud and joyous song; a song of triumph.</def> <i>Dryden.</i> "Public <i>p&aelig;ans</i> of congratulation." <i>De Quincey.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>See <u>P&aelig;on</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>P&aelig;`do*bap"tism</hw> (p&emacr;`d&osl;*b&abreve;p"t&ibreve;z'm), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Pedobaptism.</def></p>

<p><! p. 1030 !></p>

<p><hw>P&aelig;`do*gen"esis</hw> (p&emacr;`d&osl;*j&ebreve;n"&esl;*s&ibreve;s), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>pai^s</grk>, <grk>paido`s</grk>, child + E. <i>genesis</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Reproduction by young or larval animals.</def></p>

<p><hw>P&aelig;`do*ge*net"ic</hw> (-j&esl;*n&ebreve;t"&ibreve;k), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Producing young while in the immature or larval state; — said of certain insects, etc.</def></p>

<p><hw>P&aelig;"on</hw> (p&emacr;"&obreve;n), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>paeon</i>, Gr. <grk>paiw`n</grk> a solemn song, also, a p&aelig;on, equiv. to <grk>paia`n</grk>. See <u>P&aelig;an</u>.] <i>(Anc. Poet.)</i> <def>A foot of four syllables, one long and three short, admitting of four combinations, according to the place of the long syllable.</def> [Written also, less correctly, <i>p&aelig;an</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>P&aelig;"o*nine</hw> (p&emacr;"&osl;*n&ibreve;n), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>An artifical red nitrogenous dyestuff, called also <i>red coralline</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>P&aelig;"o*ny</hw> (p&emacr;"&osl;*n&ybreve;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>See <u>Peony</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa"gan</hw> (p&amacr;"g<i>a</i>n), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>paganus</i> a countryman, peasant, villager, a pagan, fr. <i>paganus</i> of or pertaining to the country, rustic, also, pagan, fr. <i>pagus</i> a district, canton, the country, perh. orig., a district with fixed boundaries: cf. <i>pangere</i> to fasten. Cf. <u>Painim</u>, <u>Peasant</u>, and <u>Pact</u>, also <u>Heathen</u>.] <def>One who worships false gods; an idolater; a heathen; one who is neither a Christian, a Mohammedan, nor a Jew.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Neither having the accent of Christians, nor the gait of Christian, <i>pagan</i>, nor man.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Gentile; heathen; idolater. — <u>Pagan</u>, <u>Gentile</u>, <u>Heathen</u>. <i>Gentile</i> was applied to the other nations of the earth as distinguished from the Jews. <i>Pagan</i> was the name given to idolaters in the early Christian church, because the <i>villagers</i>, being most remote from the centers of instruction, remained for a long time unconverted. <i>Heathen</i> has the same origin. <i>Pagan</i> is now more properly applied to rude and uncivilized idolaters, while <i>heathen</i> embraces all who practice idolatry.</p>

<p><hw>Pa"gan</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>paganus</i> of or pertaining to the country, pagan. See <u>Pagan</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <def>Of or pertaining to pagans; relating to the worship or the worshipers of false goods; heathen; idolatrous, as, <i>pagan</i> tribes or superstitions.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>And all the rites of <i>pagan</i> honor paid.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pa"gan*dom</hw> (-d&ubreve;m), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The pagan lands; pagans, collectively; paganism.</def> [R.]</p>

<p>{ <hw>Pa*gan"ic</hw> (p&adot;*g&abreve;n"&ibreve;k), <hw>Pa*gan"ic*al</hw> (-&ibreve;*k<i>a</i>l), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to pagans or paganism; heathenish; paganish.</def> [R.] "The <i>paganic</i> fables of the goods." <i>Cudworth.</i> — <wf>Pa*gan"ic*al*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Pa"gan*ish</hw> (p&amacr;"g<i>a</i>n*&ibreve;sh), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to pagans; heathenish.</def> "The old <i>paganish</i> idolatry." <i>Sharp</i></p>

<p><hw>Pa"gan*ism</hw> (-&ibreve;z'm), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>paganismus</i>: cf. F. <i>paganisme</i>. See <u>Pagan</u>, and cf. <u>Painim</u>.] <def>The state of being pagan; pagan characteristics; esp., the worship of idols or false gods, or the system of religious opinions and worship maintained by pagans; heathenism.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa*gan"i*ty</hw> (p&adot;*g&abreve;n"&ibreve;*t&ybreve;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>Paganitas</i>.] <def>The state of being a pagan; paganism.</def> [R.] <i>Cudworth.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pa"gan*ize</hw> (p&amacr;"g<i>a</i>n*&imacr;z), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Paganized</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Paganizing</u> (?).] <def>To render pagan or heathenish; to convert to paganism.</def> <i>Hallywell.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pa"gan*ize</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To behave like pagans.</def> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pa"gan*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a pagan manner.</def> <i>Dr. H. More.</i></p>

<p><hw>Page</hw> (p&amacr;j), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., fr. It. <i>paggio</i>, LL. <i>pagius</i>, fr. Gr. <grk>paidi`on</grk>, dim. of <grk>pai^s</grk>, <grk>paido`s</grk>, a boy, servant; perh. akin to L. <i>puer</i>. Cf. <u>Pedagogue</u>, <u>Puerile</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A serving boy; formerly, a youth attending a person of high degree, especially at courts, as a position of honor and education; now commonly, in England, a youth employed for doing errands, waiting on the door, and similar service in households; in the United States, a boy employed to wait upon the members of a legislative body.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He had two <i>pages</i> of honor — on either hand one.</blockquote> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A boy child.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A contrivance, as a band, pin, snap, or the like, to hold the skirt of a woman's dress from the ground.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Brickmaking.)</i> <def>A track along which pallets carrying newly molded bricks are conveyed to the hack.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any one of several species of beautiful South American moths of the genus <i>Urania</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Page</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To attend (one) as a page.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Page</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., fr. L. <i>pagina</i>; prob. akin to <i>pagere</i>, <i>pangere</i>, to fasten, fix, make, the pages or leaves being fastened together. Cf. <u>Pact</u>, <u>Pageant</u>, <u>Pagination</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One side of a leaf of a book or manuscript.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Such was the book from whose <i>pages</i> she sang.</blockquote> <i>Longfellow.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Fig.: A record; a writing; as, the <i>page</i> of history.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Print.)</i> <def>The type set up for printing a page.</def></p>

<p><hw>Page</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Paged</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Paging</u> (?).] <def>To mark or number the pages of, as a book or manuscript; to furnish with folios.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pag"eant</hw> (p&abreve;j"<i>e</i>nt <i>or</i> p&amacr;"j<i>e</i>nt; 277), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>pagent</i>, <i>pagen</i>, originally, a movable scaffold or stage, hence, what was exhibited on it, fr. LL. <i>pagina</i>, akin to <i>pangere</i> to fasten; cf. L. <i>pagina</i> page, leaf, slab, <i>compaginare</i> to join together, <i>compages</i> a joining together, structure. See <u>Pact</u>, <u>Page</u> of a book.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A theatrical exhibition; a spectacle.</def> "A <i>pageant</i> truly played." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>To see sad <i>pageants</i> of men's miseries.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>An elaborate exhibition devised for the entertainmeut of a distinguished personage, or of the public; a show, spectacle, or display.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The gaze of fools, and <i>pageant</i> of a day !</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>We love the man, the paltry <i>pageant</i> you.</blockquote> <i>Cowper.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pag"eant</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of the nature of a pageant; spectacular.</def> "<i>Pageant</i> pomp." <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pag"eant</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To exhibit in show; to represent; to mimic.</def> [R.] "He <i>pageants</i> us." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pag"eant*ry</hw> (-r&ybreve;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Scenic shows or spectacles, taken collectively; spectacular quality; splendor.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Such <i>pageantry</i> be to the people shown.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>pageantry</i> of festival.</blockquote> <i>J. A. Symonds.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Pomp; parade; show; display; spectacle.</p>

<p><hw>Page"hood</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The state of being a page.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pag"i*na</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Pagin&aelig;</b></plw> (#). [L.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The surface of a leaf or of a flattened thallus.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pag"i*nal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>paginalis</i>.] <def>Consisting of pages.</def> "<i>Paginal</i> books." <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pag`i*na"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The act or process of paging a book; also, the characters used in numbering the pages; page number.</def> <i>Lowndes.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pa"ging</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The marking or numbering of the pages of a book.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa"god</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>pagode</i>. See <u>Pagoda</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A pagoda. [R.] "Or some queer <i>pagod</i>."</def> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>An idol.</def> [Obs.] <i>Bp. Stillingfleet.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pa*go"da</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Pg. <i>pagoda</i>, <i>pagode</i>, fr.Hind. & Per. <i>but-kadah</i> a house of idols, or abode of God; Per. <i>but</i> an idol + <i>kadah</i> a house, a temple.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A term by which Europeans designate religious temples and tower-like buildings of the Hindoos and Buddhists of India, Farther India, China, and Japan, — usually but not always, devoted to idol worship.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>An idol.</def> [R.] <i>Brande & C.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> [Prob. so named from the image of a pagoda or a deity (cf. Skr. <i>bhagavat</i> holy, divine) stamped on it.] <def>A gold or silver coin, of various kinds and values, formerly current in India. The Madras gold pagoda was worth about three and a half rupees.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa*go"dite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Min.)</i> <def>Agalmatolite; — so called because sometimes carved by the Chinese into the form of pagodas. See <u>Agalmatolite</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pa*gu"ma</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any one of several species of East Indian viverrine mammals of the genus <i>Paguma</i>. They resemble a weasel in form.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa*gu"ri*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>pagurus</i> a kind of crab, Gr. <i>&?;</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any one of a tribe of anomuran crustaceans, of which <i>Pagurus</i> is a type; the hermit crab. See <i>Hermit crab</i>, under <u>Hermit</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pah</hw> (?), <pos><i>interj.</i></pos> <def>An exclamation expressing disgust or contempt. See <u>Bah</u>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Fie! fie! fie! <i>pah</i>! <i>pah</i>! Give me an ounce of civet, good apothecary, to sweeten my imagination.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Pah</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From native name.] <def>A kind of stockaded intrenchment.</def> [New Zealand.] <i>Farrow.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pa"hi</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>A large war canoe of the Society Islands.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pah"le*vi</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Pehlevi</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pa*ho"e*ho`e</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Min.)</i> <def>A name given in the Sandwich Islands to lava having a relatively smooth surface, in distinction from the rough-surfaced lava, called <i>a-a</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pah"*Utes`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> <i>(Ethnol.)</i> <def>See <u>Utes</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Paid</hw> (?), <pos><i>imp., p. p., & a.</i></pos> of <u>Pay</u>. <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Receiving pay; compensated; hired; as, a <i>paid</i> attorney.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Satisfied; contented.</def> [Obs.] "<i>Paid</i> of his poverty." <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pai*deu"tics</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <i>&?;</i>, fr. <i>&?;</i> to teach, fr. <i>&?;</i>,<i>&?;</i>, a boy.] <def>The science or art of teaching.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pai"en</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. & a.</i></pos> <def>Pagan.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pai"gle</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Etymol. uncertain.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A species of <i>Primula</i>, either the cowslip or the primrose.</def> [Written also <i>pagle</i>, <i>pagil</i>, <i>peagle</i>, and <i>pygil</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>||Pai*ja"ma</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Pyjama.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pail</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>paile</i>, AS. <i>p&aelig;gel</i> a wine vessel, a pail, akin to D. & G. <i>pegel</i> a watermark, a gauge rod, a measure of wine, Dan. <i>p&aelig;gel</i> half a pint.] <def>A vessel of wood or tin, etc., usually cylindrical and having a bail, — used esp. for carrying liquids, as water or milk, etc.; a bucket. It may, or may not, have a cover.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pail"ful</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Pailfuls</b></plw> (&?;). <def>The quantity that a pail will hold.</def> "By <i>pailfuls</i>." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pail*lasse"</hw> (?; F. &?;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., fr. <i>paille</i> straw. See <u>Pallet</u> a bed.] <def>An under bed or mattress of straw.</def> [Written also <i>palliasse</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Pail`mall"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. & a.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Pall-mall</u>.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Pain</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>peine</i>, F. <i>peine</i>, fr. L. <i>poena</i>, penalty, punishment, torment, pain; akin to Gr. <i>&?;</i> penalty. Cf. <u>Penal</u>, <u>Pine</u> to languish, <u>Punish</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Punishment suffered or denounced; suffering or evil inflicted as a punishment for crime, or connected with the commission of a crime; penalty.</def> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>We will, by way of mulct or <i>pain</i>, lay it upon him.</blockquote> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Interpose, on <i>pain</i> of my displeasure.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>None shall presume to fly, under <i>pain</i> of death.</blockquote> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Any uneasy sensation in animal bodies, from slight uneasiness to extreme distress or torture, proceeding from a derangement of functions, disease, or injury by violence; bodily distress; bodily suffering; an ache; a smart.</def> "The <i>pain</i> of Jesus Christ." <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p>&fist; <i>Pain</i> may occur in any part of the body where sensory nerves are distributed, and it is always due to some kind of stimulation of them. The sensation is generally referred to the peripheral end of the nerve.</p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>pl.</i> <def>Specifically, the throes or travail of childbirth.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>She bowed herself and travailed, for her <i>pains</i> came upon her.</blockquote> <i>1 Sam. iv. 19.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Uneasiness of mind; mental distress; disquietude; anxiety; grief; solicitude; anguish.</def> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>In rapture as in <i>pain</i>.</blockquote> <i>Keble.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>See <u>Pains</u>, labor, effort.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Bill of pains and penalties</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Bill</u>.</cd> — <col><b>To die in the pain</b></col>, <cd>to be tortured to death.</cd> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pain</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Pained</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Paining</u>.] [OE. <i>peinen</i>, OF. <i>pener</i>, F. <i>peiner</i> to fatigue. See <u>Pain</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To inflict suffering upon as a penalty; to punish.</def> [Obs.] <i>Wyclif (Acts xxii. 5).</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To put to bodily uneasiness or anguish; to afflict with uneasy sensations of any degree of intensity; to torment; to torture; as, his dinner or his wound <i>pained</i> him; his stomach <i>pained</i> him.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Excess of cold, as well as heat, <i>pains</i> us.</blockquote> <i>Locke</i>.</p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To render uneasy in mind; to disquiet; to distress; to grieve; as a child's faults <i>pain</i> his parents.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I am <i>pained</i> at my very heart.</blockquote> <i>Jer. iv. 19.</i></p>

<p><col><b>To pain one's self</b></col>, <cd>to exert or trouble one's self; to take pains; to be solicitous.</cd> [Obs.] "She <i>pained her</i> to do all that she might." <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — To disquiet; trouble; afflict; grieve; aggrieve; distress; agonize; torment; torture.</p>

<p><hw>Pain"a*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>p&eacute;nible</i>.] <def>Causing pain; painful.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>The manacles of Astyages were not . . . the less weighty and <i>painable</i> for being composed of gold or silver.</blockquote> <i>Evelyn.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pain"ful</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Full of pain; causing uneasiness or distress, either physical or mental; afflictive; disquieting; distressing.</def> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Requiring labor or toil; difficult; executed with laborious effort; as a <i>painful</i> service; a <i>painful</i> march.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Painstaking; careful; industrious.</def> [Obs.] <i>Fuller.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>A very <i>painful</i> person, and a great clerk.</blockquote> <i>Jer. Taylor.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Nor must the <i>painful</i> husbandman be tired.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Disquieting; troublesome; afflictive; distressing; grievous; laborious; toilsome; difficult; arduous.</p>

<p>— <wf>Pain"ful*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Pain"ful*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Pai"nim</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>[OE. <i>painime</i> pagans, paganism, fr. OF. <i>paienisme</i> paganism, LL. <i>paganismus</i>. See <u>Paganism</u>, <u>Pagan</u>.] <def>A pagan; an infidel; — used also adjectively.</def> [Written also <i>panim</i> and <i>paynim</i>.] <i>Peacham.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pain"less</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Free from pain; without pain.</def> — <wf>Pain"less*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> - - <wf>Pain"less*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Pains</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos><def>Labor; toilsome effort; care or trouble taken; — plural in form, but used with a singular or plural verb, commonly the former.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>And all my <i>pains</i> is sorted to no proof.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>pains</i> they had taken was very great.</blockquote> <i>Clarendon.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The labored earth your <i>pains</i> have sowed and tilled.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pains"tak`er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who takes pains; one careful and faithful in all work.</def> <i>Gay.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pains"tak`ing</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Careful in doing; diligent; faithful; attentive.</def> "<i>Painstaking</i> men." <i>Harris.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pains"tak`ing</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The act of taking pains; carefulness and fidelity in performance.</def> <i>Beau. & Fl.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pains"wor`thy</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Worth the pains or care bestowed.</def></p>

<p><hw>Paint</hw> (p&amacr;nt), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Painted</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Painting</u>.] [OE. <i>peinten</i>, fr. F. <i>peint</i>, p. p. of <i>peindre</i> to paint, fr. L. <i>pingere</i>, <i>pictum</i>; cf. Gr. <grk>poiki`los</grk> many-colored, Skr. <i>pi&ccedil;</i> to adorn. Cf. <u>Depict</u>, <u>Picture</u>, <u>Pigment</u>, <u>Pint</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To cover with coloring matter; to apply paint to; as, to <i>paint</i> a house, a signboard, etc.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Jezebel <i>painted</i> her face and tired her head.</blockquote> <i>2 Kings ix. 30.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Fig.: To color, stain, or tinge; to adorn or beautify with colors; to diversify with colors.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Not <i>painted</i> with the crimson spots of blood.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Cuckoo buds of yellow hue<BR> Do <i>paint</i> the meadows with delight.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To form in colors a figure or likeness of on a flat surface, as upon canvas; to represent by means of colors or hues; to exhibit in a tinted image; to portray with paints; as, to <i>paint</i> a portrait or a landscape.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Fig.: To represent or exhibit to the mind; to describe vividly; to delineate; to image; to depict.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Disloyal?<BR> The word is too good to <i>paint</i> out her wickedness.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>If folly grow romantic, I must <i>paint</i> it.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — To color; picture; depict; portray; delineate; sketch; draw; describe.</p>

<p><hw>Paint</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To practice the art of painting; as, the artist <i>paints</i> well.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To color one's face by way of beautifying it.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Let her <i>paint</i> an inch thick.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Paint</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A pigment or coloring substance.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The same prepared with a vehicle, as oil, water with gum, or the like, for application to a surface.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A cosmetic; rouge.</def> <i>Praed.</i></p>

<p><hw>Paint"ed</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Covered or adorned with paint; portrayed in colors.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>As idle as a <i>painted</i> ship<BR> Upon a <i>painted</i> ocean.</blockquote> <i>Coleridge.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Nat. Hist.)</i> <def>Marked with bright colors; as, the <i>painted</i> turtle; <i>painted</i> bunting.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Painted beauty</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a handsome American butterfly (<i>Vanessa Huntera</i>), having a variety of bright colors,</cd> — <col><b>Painted cup</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>any plant of an American genus of herbs (<i>Castilleia</i>) in which the bracts are usually bright-colored and more showy than the flowers. <i>Castilleia coccinea</i> has brilliantly scarlet bracts, and is common in meadows.</cd> — <col><b>Painted finch</b></col>. <cd>See <u>Nonpareil</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Painted lady</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a bright-colored butterfly. See <u>Thistle butterfly</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Painted turtle</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a common American freshwater tortoise (<i>Chrysemys picta</i>), having bright red and yellow markings beneath.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Paint"er</hw> (p&amacr;nt"&etilde;r), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE, <i>pantere</i> a noose, snare, F. <i>panti&egrave;re</i>, LL. <i>panthera</i>, L. <i>panther</i> a hunting net, fr. Gr. <grk>panqh`ra</grk>; <grk>pa^s</grk> all + <grk>qh`r</grk> beast; cf. Ir. <i>painteir</i> a net, gin, snare, Gael. <i>painntear</i>.] <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>A rope at the bow of a boat, used to fasten it to anything.</def> <i>Totten.</i></p>

<p><hw>Paint"er</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Corrupt. of <i>panther</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The panther, or puma.</def> [A form representing an illiterate pronunciation, U. S.] <i>J. F. Cooper.</i></p>

<p><hw>Paint"er</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See lst <u>Paint</u>.] <def>One whose occupation is to paint</def>; esp.: <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>One who covers buildings, ships, ironwork, and the like, with paint.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>An artist who represents objects or scenes in color on a flat surface, as canvas, plaster, or the like.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Painter's colic</b></col>. <i>(Med.)</i> <cd>See <i>Lead colic</i>, under <u>Colic</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Painter stainer</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>A painter of coats of arms.</cd> <i>Crabb.</i> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>A member of a livery company or guild in London, bearing this name.</cd></p>

<p><! p. 1031 !></p>

<p><hw>Paint"er*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Like a painter's work.</def> [Obs.] "A <i>painterly</i> glose of a visage." <i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></p>

<p><hw>Paint"er*ship</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The state or position of being a painter.</def> [R.] <i>Br. Gardiner.</i></p>

<p><hw>Paint"ing</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act or employment of laying on, or adorning with, paints or colors.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Fine Arts)</i> <def>The work of the painter; also, any work of art in which objects are represented in color on a flat surface; a colored representation of any object or scene; a picture.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Color laid on; paint.</def> [R.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>A depicting by words; vivid representation in words.</def></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — See <u>Picture</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Paint"less</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Not capable of being painted or described.</def> "In <i>paintless</i> patience." <i>Savage.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pain"ture</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>peinture</i>. See <u>Paint</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>, and cf. <u>Picture</u>.] <def>The art of painting.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer. Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Paint"y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Unskillfully painted, so that the painter's method of work is too obvious; also, having too much pigment applied to the surface.</def> [Cant]</p>

<p><hw>Pair</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>paire</i>, LL. <i>paria</i>, L. <i>paria</i>, pl. of <i>par</i> pair, fr. <i>par</i>, adj., equal. Cf. <u>Apparel</u>, <u>Par</u> equality, <u>Peer</u> an equal.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A number of things resembling one another, or belonging together; a set; as, a <i>pair</i> or flight of stairs. "A <i>pair</i> of beads." <i>Chaucer.</i> <i>Beau. & Fl.</i> "Four <i>pair</i> of stairs." <i>Macaulay.</i> [Now mostly or quite disused, except as to stairs.]</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Two crowns in my pocket, two <i>pair</i> of cards.</blockquote> <i>Beau. & Fl.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Two things of a kind, similar in form, suited to each other, and intended to be used together; as, a <i>pair</i> of gloves or stockings; a <i>pair</i> of shoes.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Two of a sort; a span; a yoke; a couple; a brace; as, a <i>pair</i> of horses; a <i>pair</i> of oxen.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>A married couple; a man and wife.</def> "A happy <i>pair</i>." <i>Dryden.</i> "The hapless <i>pair</i>." <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>A single thing, composed of two pieces fitted to each other and used together; as, a <i>pair</i> of scissors; a <i>pair</i> of tongs; a <i>pair</i> of bellows.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>Two members of opposite parties or opinion, as in a parliamentary body, who mutually agree not to vote on a given question, or on issues of a party nature during a specified time; as, there were two <i>pairs</i> on the final vote.</def> [Parliamentary Cant]</p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <i>(Kinematics)</i> <def>In a mechanism, two elements, or bodies, which are so applied to each other as to mutually constrain relative motion.</def></p>

<p>&fist; <i>Pairs</i> are named in accordance with the kind of motion they permit; thus, a journal and its bearing form a <i>turning pair</i>, a cylinder and its piston a <i>sliding pair</i>, a screw and its nut a <i>twisting pair</i>, etc. Any <i>pair</i> in which the constraining contact is along lines or at points only (as a cam and roller acting together), is designated a <i>higher pair</i>; any <i>pair</i> having constraining surfaces which fit each other (as a cylindrical pin and eye, a screw and its nut, etc.), is called a <i>lower pair</i>.</p>

<p><col><b>Pair royal</b></col> (pl. <plw><b>Pairs Royal</b></plw>) <cd>three things of a sort; — used especially of playing cards in some games, as cribbage; as three kings, three "eight spots" etc. Four of a kind are called a <i>double pair royal</i>.</cd> "Something in his face gave me as much pleasure as a <i>pair royal</i> of naturals in my own hand." <i>Goldsmith.</i> "That great <i>pair royal</i> of adamantine sisters [the Fates]." <i>Quarles.</i> [Written corruptly <i>parial</i> and <i>prial</i>.]</p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — <u>Pair</u>, <u>Flight</u>, <u>Set</u>. Originally, <i>pair</i> was not confined to two things, but was applied to any number of equal things (<i>pares</i>), that go together. Ben Jonson speaks of a <i>pair</i> (set) of chessmen; also, he and Lord Bacon speak of a <i>pair</i> (pack) of cards. A "<i>pair</i> of stairs" is still in popular use, as well as the later expression, "flight of stairs."</p>

<p><hw>Pair</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Paired</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Pairing</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To be joined in paris; to couple; to mate, as for breeding.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To suit; to fit, as a counterpart.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>My heart was made to fit and <i>pair</i> with thine.</blockquote> <i>Rowe.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Same as <i>To pair off</i>. See phrase below.</def></p>

<p><col><b>To pair off</b></col>, <cd>to separate from a company in pairs or couples; specif. (Parliamentary Cant), to agree with one of the opposite party or opinion to abstain from voting on specified questions or issues. See <u>Pair</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, 6.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pair</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To unite in couples; to form a pair of; to bring together, as things which belong together, or which complement, or are adapted to one another.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Glossy jet is <i>paired</i> with shining white.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To engage (one's self) with another of opposite opinions not to vote on a particular question or class of questions.</def> [Parliamentary Cant]</p>

<p><col><b>Paired fins</b></col>. <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <cd>See under <u>Fin</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pair</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [See <u>Impair</u>.] <def>To impair.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pair"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who impairs.</def> [Obs.] <i>Wyclif.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pair"ing</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Pair</u>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act or process of uniting or arranging in pairs or couples.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>See <i>To pair off</i>, under <u>Pair</u>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos></def></p>

<p><col><b>Pairyng time</b></col>, <cd>the time when birds or other animals pair.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pair"ment</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Impairment.</def> [Obs.] <i>Wyclif.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Pa`is</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>pu&iuml;s</i>, F. <i>pays</i>, country.] <i>(O. E. Law)</i> <def>The country; the people of the neighborhood.</def></p>

<p>&fist; A trial <i>per pais</i> is a trial by the country, that is, by a jury; and matter <i>in pais</i> is matter triable by the country, or jury.</p>

<p><hw>||Pa`i*sa"no</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Sp., of the country, &?;ative.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The chaparral cock.</def></p>

<p><hw>Paise</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Obs</i>.] <def>See <u>Poise</u>.</def> <i>Chapman.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pa"jock</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A peacock.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pak"fong`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Packfong</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pal</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Etymol. uncertain.] <def>A mate; a partner; esp., an accomplice or confederate.</def> [Slang]</p>

<p><hw>Pal"ace</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>palais</i>, F. <i>palais</i>, fr. L. <i>palatium</i>, fr. <i>Palatium</i>, one of the seven hills of Rome, &?; which Augustus had his residence. Cf. <u>Paladin</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The residence of a sovereign, including the lodgings of high officers of state, and rooms for business, as well as halls for ceremony and reception.</def> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The official residence of a bishop or other distinguished personage.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Loosely, any unusually magnificent or stately house.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Palace car</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Car</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Palace court</b></col>, <cd>a court having jurisdiction of personal actions arising within twelve miles of the palace at Whitehall. The court was abolished in 1849.</cd> [Eng.] <i>Mozley & W.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pa*la"cious</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Palatial.</def> [Obs.] <i>Graunt.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pal"a*din</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., fr.It. <i>paladino</i>, fr. L. <i>palatinus</i> an officer of the palace. See <u>Palatine</u>.] <def>A knight-errant; a distinguished champion; as, the <i>paladins</i> of Charlemagne.</def> <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pa"l&aelig;*o-</hw> (?). <def>See <u>Paleo-</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa`l&aelig;*og"ra*pher</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, <hw>Pa`l&aelig;*o*graph"ic</hw> (&?;), <pos><i>a.</i></pos>, etc. <def>See <u>Paleographer</u>, <u>Paleographic</u>, etc.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa"l&aelig;*o*type</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Pal&aelig;o-</i> + <i>-type</i>.] <i>(Phon.)</i> <def>A system of representing all spoken sounds by means of the printing types in common use.</def> <i>Ellis.</i> — <wf>Pa`l&aelig;*o*typ"ic*al</wf> (#), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> — <wf>Pa`l&aelig;*o*typ"ic*al*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>||Pa*l&aelig;s"tra</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Palestra</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa*l&aelig;s"tric</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Palestric</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa*l&aelig;`ti*ol"o*gist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One versed in pal&aelig;tiology.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa*l&aelig;`ti*ol"o*gy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Pal</i>&aelig;o- + <i>&aelig;tiology</i>.] <def>The science which explains, by the law of causation, the past condition and changes of the earth.</def> — <wf>Pa*l&aelig;`ti*o*log"ic*al</wf> (#), <pos><i>a.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>||Pal"a*ma</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Palamme</b></plw> (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; the palm.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A membrane extending between the toes of a bird, and uniting them more or less closely together.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pal`a*me"de*&aelig;</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>An order, or suborder, including the kamichi, and allied South American birds; — called also <i>screamers</i>. In many anatomical characters they are allied to the Anseres, but they externally resemble the wading birds.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pal`am*pore"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Palempore</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pa*lan"ka</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. It., Pg., & Sp. <i>palanca</i>, fr.L. <i>palanga</i>, <i>phalanga</i> a pole, Gr.&?; ] <i>(Mil.)</i> <def>A camp permanently intrenched, attached to Turkish frontier fortresses.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pal`an*quin"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>palanquin</i>, Pg. <i>palanquim</i>, Javan. <i>palangki</i>, OJavan. <i>palangkan</i>, through Prakrit fr. Skr. <i>parya&?;ka</i>, <i>palya&?;ka</i>, bed, couch; <i>pari</i> around (akin to E. pref. <i>peri-</i>) + <i>a&?;ka</i> a hook, flank, probably akin to E. <i>angle</i> fishing tackle. Cf. <u>Palkee</u>.] <def>An inclosed carriage or litter, commonly about eight feet long, four feet wide, and four feet high, borne on the shoulders of men by means of two projecting poles, — used in India, China, etc., for the conveyance of a single person from place to place.</def> [Written also <i>palankeen</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Pa*lap"te*ryx</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Paleo-</i> + <i>apteryx</i>.] <i>(Paleon.)</i> <def>A large extinct ostrichlike bird of New Zealand.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pal`a*ta*bil"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Palatableness.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pal"a*ta*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [From <u>Palate</u>.] <def>Agreeable to the palate or taste; savory; hence, acceptable; pleasing; as, <i>palatable</i> food; <i>palatable</i> advice.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pal"a*ta*ble*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality or state of being agreeable to the taste; relish; acceptableness.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pal"a*ta*bly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a palatable manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pal"a*tal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>palatal</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Of or pertaining to the palate; palatine; as, the <i>palatal</i> bones.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Phonetics)</i> <def>Uttered by the aid of the palate; — said of certain sounds, as the sound of <i>k</i> in <i>kirk</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pal"a*tal</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Phon.)</i> <def>A sound uttered, or a letter pronounced, by the aid of the palate, as the letters <i>k</i> and <i>y</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pal"a*tal*ize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <i>(Phon.)</i> <def>To palatize.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pal"ate</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>palatum</i>: cf. F. <i>palais</i>, Of. also <i>palat</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>The roof of the mouth.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The fixed portion, or palate proper, supported by the maxillary and palatine bones, is called the <i>hard palate</i> to distinguish it from the membranous and muscular curtain which separates the cavity of the mouth from the pharynx and is called the <i>soft palate</i>, or <i>velum</i>.</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Relish; taste; liking; — a sense originating in the mistaken notion that the palate is the organ of taste.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Hard task! to hit the <i>palate</i> of such guests.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Fig.: Mental relish; intellectual taste.</def> <i>T. Baker.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A projection in the throat of such flowers as the snapdragon.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pal"ate</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To perceive by the taste.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pa*la"tial</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>palatium</i> palace. See <u>Palace</u>.] <def>Of or pertaining to a palace; suitable for a palace; resembling a palace; royal; magnificent; as, <i>palatial</i> structures.</def> "<i>Palatial</i> style." <i>A. Drummond.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pa*la"tial</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>From</i> <u>Palate</u>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Palatal; palatine.</def> [Obs.] <i>Barrow.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pa*la"tial</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A palatal letter.</def> [Obs.] <i>Sir W. Jones.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pa*lat"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Palatal; palatine.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa*lat"ic</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Phon.)</i> <def>A palatal.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Pa*lat"i*nate</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>palatinat</i>. See <u>Palatine</u>.] <def>The province or seigniory of a palatine; the dignity of a palatine.</def> <i>Howell.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pa*lat"i*nate</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To make a palatinate of.</def> [Obs.] <i>Fuller.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pal"a*tine</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [F. <i>palatin</i>, L. <i>palatinus</i>, fr. <i>palatium</i>. See <u>Palace</u>, and cf. <u>Paladin</u>.] <def>Of or pertaining to a palace, or to a high officer of a palace; hence, possessing royal privileges.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Count palatine</b></col>, <col><b>County palatine</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Count</u>, and <u>County</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Palatine hill</b></col>, or <col><b>The palatine</b></col>, <cd>one of the seven hills of Rome, once occupied by the palace of the C&aelig;sars. See <u>Palace</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pal"a*tine</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One invested with royal privileges and rights within his domains; a count palatine. See <i>Count palatine</i>, under 4th <u>Count</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The Palatine hill in Rome.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pal"a*tine</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [From Palate.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to the palate.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Palatine bones</b></col> <i>(Anat.)</i>, <cd>a pair of bones (often united in the adult) in the root of the mouth, back of and between the maxillaries.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pal"a*tine</hw> <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>A palatine bone.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pal"a*tive</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pleasing to the taste; palatable.</def> [Obs.] "<i>Palative</i> delights." <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pal"a*tize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To modify, as the tones of the voice, by means of the palate; as, to <i>palatize</i> a letter or sound.</def> — <wf>Pal`a*ti*za"tion</wf> (#), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>J. Peile.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pal"a*to-</hw> (?). [From <u>Palate</u>.] <def>A combining form used in anatomy to indicate <i>relation to</i>, or <i>connection with</i>, <i>the palate</i>; as in <i>palatolingual</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pal`a*to*na"res</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Palato-</u>, and <u>Nares</u>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>The posterior nares. See <u>Nares</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pal`a*top*ter"y*goid</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Palato- </i> + <i>pterygoid</i>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Pertaining to the palatine and pterygoid region of the skull; as, the <i>palatopterygoid</i> cartilage, or rod, from which the palatine and pterygoid bones are developed.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa*la"ver</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Sp. <i>palabra</i>, or Pg. <i>palavra</i>, fr. L. <i>parabola</i> a comparison, a parable, LL., a word. See <u>Parable</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Talk; conversation; esp., idle or beguiling talk; talk intended to deceive; flattery.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>In Africa, a parley with the natives; a talk; hence, a public conference and deliberation; a debate.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>This epoch of parliaments and eloquent <i>palavers</i>.</blockquote> <i>Carlyle.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pa*la"ver</hw>, <pos><i>v. t. & i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Palavered</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Palavering</u>.] <def>To make palaver with, or to; to used palaver;to talk idly or deceitfully; to employ flattery; to cajole; as, to <i>palaver</i> artfully.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Palavering</i> the little language for her benefit.</blockquote> <i>C. Bront&?;</i></p>

<p><hw>Pa*la"ver*er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who palavers; a flatterer.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pale</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<pos><i>Compar.</i></pos> <u>Paler</u> (?); <pos><i>superl.</i></pos> <u>Palest</u>.] [F. <i>p&acirc;le</i>, fr. <i>p&acirc;lir</i> to turn pale, L. <i>pallere</i> to be o&?; look pale. Cf. <u>Appall</u>, <u>Fallow</u>, <u>pall</u>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos>, <u>Pallid</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Wanting in color; not ruddy; dusky white; pallid; wan; as, a <i>pale</i> face; a <i>pale</i> red; a <i>pale</i> blue.</def> "<i>Pale</i> as a forpined ghost." <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Speechless he stood and <i>pale</i>.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>They are not of complexion red or <i>pale</i>.</blockquote> <i>T. Randolph.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Not bright or brilliant; of a faint luster or hue; dim; as, the <i>pale</i> light of the moon.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The night, methinks, is but the daylight sick;<BR> It looks a little <i>paler</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p>&fist; <i>Pale</i> is often used in the formation of self- explaining compounds; as, <i>pale</i>-colored, <i>pale</i>-eyed, <i>pale</i>-faced, <i>pale</i>-looking, etc.</p>

<p><hw>Pale</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Paleness; pallor.</def> [R.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pale</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Paled</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Paling</u>.] <def>To turn pale; to lose color or luster.</def> <i>Whittier.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Apt to <i>pale</i> at a trodden worm.</blockquote> <i>Mrs. Browning.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pale</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To make pale; to diminish the brightness of.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The glow&?;worm shows the matin to be near,<BR> And gins to <i>pale</i> his uneffectual fire.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pale</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>pal</i>, fr. L. <i>palus</i>: cf. D. <i>paal</i>. See <u>Pol&?;</u> a stake, and lst <u>Pallet</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A pointed stake or slat, either driven into the ground, or fastened to a rail at the top and bottom, for fencing or inclosing; a picket.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Deer creep through when a <i>pale</i> tumbles down.</blockquote> <i>Mortimer.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>That which incloses or fences in; a boundary; a limit; a fence; a palisade.</def> "Within one <i>pale</i> or hedge." <i>Robynson (More's Utopia).</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A space or field having bounds or limits; a limited region or place; an inclosure; — often used figuratively.</def> "To walk the studious cloister's <i>pale</i>." <i>Milton.</i> "Out of the <i>pale</i> of civilization." <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>A stripe or band, as on a garment.</def> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <i>(Her.)</i> <def>One of the greater ordinaries, being a broad perpendicular stripe in an escutcheon, equally distant from the two edges, and occupying one third of it.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>A cheese scoop.</def> <i>Simmonds.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <i>(Shipbuilding)</i> <def>A shore for bracing a timber before it is fastened.</def></p>

<p><col><b>English pale</b></col> <i>(Hist.)</i>, <cd>the limits or territory within which alone the English conquerors of Ireland held dominion for a long period after their invasion of the country in 1172.</cd> <i>Spencer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pale</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To inclose with pales, or as with pales; to encircle; to encompass; to fence off.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>[Your isle, which stands] ribbed and <i>paled</i> in<BR> With rocks unscalable and roaring waters.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Pa"le*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Pale&aelig;</b></plw> (-&emacr;). [L., chaff.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The interior chaff or husk of grasses.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>One of the chaffy scales or bractlets growing on the receptacle of many compound flowers, as the Coreopsis, the sunflower, etc.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A pendulous process of the skin on the throat of a bird, as in the turkey; a dewlap.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa`le*a"ceous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>palea</i> chaff.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Chaffy; resembling or consisting of pale&aelig;, or chaff; furnished with chaff; as, a <i>paleaceous</i> receptacle.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa`le*arc"tic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Paleo-</i> + <i>arctic</i>.] <def>Belonging to a region of the earth's surface which includes all Europe to the Azores, Iceland, and all temperate Asia.</def></p>

<p><hw>Paled</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See 5th <u>Pale</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Striped.</def> [Obs.] "[Buskins] . . . <i>paled</i> part per part." <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Inclosed with a paling.</def> "A <i>paled</i> green." <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Pa`le*&euml;ch`i*noi"de*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Paleo-</u>, and <u>Echinoidea</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>An extinct order of sea urchins found in the Paleozoic rocks. They had more than twenty vertical rows of plates. Called also <i>Pal&aelig;echini</i>.</def> [Written also <i>Pal&aelig;echinoidea</i>.]</p>

<p><! p. 1032 !></p>

<p><hw>Pale"face`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A white person; — an appellation supposed to have been applied to the whites by the American Indians.</def> <i>J. F. Cooper.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Pa`le*ich"thy*es</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Paleo-</u>, and <u>Ichthyology</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A comprehensive division of fishes which includes the elasmobranchs and ganoids.</def> [Written also <i>Pal&aelig;ichthyes</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Pale"ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> [From <i>Pale</i>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <def>In a pale manner; dimly; wanly; not freshly or ruddily.</def> <i>Thackeray.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pal`em*pore"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A superior kind of dimity made in India, — used for bed coverings.</def> [Written also <i>palampore</i>, <i>palampoor</i>, etc.] <i>De Colange.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pale"ness</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality or condition of being pale; want of freshness or ruddiness; a sickly whiteness; lack of color or luster; wanness.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The blood the virgin's cheek forsook;<BR> A livid <i>paleness</i> spreads o'er all her look.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pa*len"que</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> <i>(Ethnol.)</i> <def>A collective name for the Indians of Nicaragua and Honduras.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa"le*o-</hw> (?). [Gr. <i>&?;</i>, adj.] <def>A combining form meaning <i>old</i>, <i>ancient</i>; as, <i>pale</i>arctic, <i>pale</i>ontology, <i>paleo</i>there, <i>paleo</i>graphy.</def> [Written also <i>pal&aelig;o</i>-.]</p>

<p><hw>Pa`le*o*bot"a*nist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One versed in paleobotany.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa`le*o*bot"a*ny</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Paleo-</i> + <i>botany</i>.] <def>That branch of paleontology which treats of fossil plants.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pa`le*o*car"ida</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. <i>&?;</i> ancient + <i>&?;</i>, <i>&?;</i>, <i>&?;</i>, a kind of crustacean.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Merostomata</u>.</def> [Written also <i>Pal&aelig;ocarida</i>.] </p>

<p><hw>||Pa`le*o*cri*noi"de*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Paleo-</u>, and <u>Crinoidea</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A suborder of Crinoidea found chiefly in the Paleozoic rocks.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa`le*o*crys"tic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Paleo-</i> + Gr. <i>&?;</i> ice.] <def>Of, pertaining to, or derived from, a former glacial formation.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa`le*o*g&aelig;"an</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Paleo- </i> + Gr. <i>&?;</i> the eart] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to the Eastern hemisphere.</def> [Written also <i>pal&aelig;og&aelig;an</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Pa"le*o*graph</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>An ancient manuscript.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa`le*og"ra*pher</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One skilled in paleography; a paleographist.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pa`le*o*graph"ic</hw> (?), <hw>Pa`le*o*graph"ic*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>pal&eacute;ographique</i>.] <def>Of or pertaining to paleography.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa`le*og"ra*phist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One versed in paleography; a paleographer.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa`le*og"ra*phy</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Paleo-</i> + <i>-graphy</i>: cf. F. <i>pal&eacute;ographie</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>An ancient manner of writing; ancient writings, collectively; as, Punic <i>paleography</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The study of ancient inscriptions and modes of writing; the art or science of deciphering ancient writings, and determining their origin, period, etc., from external characters; diplomatics.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pa*le"o*la</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Paleol&aelig;</b></plw> (#). [NL., dim. of L. <i>palea</i>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A diminutive or secondary palea; a lodicule.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa"le*o*lith</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Paleo-</i> + <i>-lith</i>.] <i>(Geol.)</i> <def>A relic of the Paleolithic era.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa`le*o*lith"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Geol.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to an era marked by early stone implements. The <i>Paleolithic</i> era (as proposed by Lubbock) includes the earlier half of the "Stone Age;" the remains belonging to it are for the most part of extinct animals, with relics of human beings.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa`le*ol"ogist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One versed in paleology; a student of antiquity.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa`le*ol"o*gy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Paleo-</i> + <i>-logy</i>.] <def>The study or knowledge of antiquities, esp. of prehistoric antiquities; a discourse or treatise on antiquities; arch&aelig;ology .</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa`le*on`to*graph"ic*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to the description of fossil remains.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa`le*on*tog"ra*phy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Paleo- </i> + Gr. &?; existing things + <i>-graphy</i>.] <def>The description of fossil remains.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa`le*on`to*log"ic*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to paleontology.</def> — <wf>Pa`le*on`to*log"ic*al*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Pa`le*on*tol"o*gist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>pal&eacute;ontologiste</i>.] <def>One versed in paleontology.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa`le*on*tol"o*gy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Paleo-</i> + Gr. &?; existing things + <i>-logy</i>. Cf. <u>Ontology</u>.] <def>The science which treats of the ancient life of the earth, or of fossils which are the remains of such life.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa`le*o*phy*tol"o*gist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A paleobotanist.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa`le*o*phy*tol"o*gy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Paleo- </i> + <i>phytology</i>.] <def>Paleobotany.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa`le*or`ni*thol"o*gy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Paleo- </i> + <i>ornithology</i>.] <def>The branch of paleontology which treats of fossil birds.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa`le*o*sau"rus</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>[NL., fr. Gr. <i>&?;</i> ancient + &?; a lizard.] <i>(Paleon.)</i> <def>A genus of fossil saurians found in the Permian formation.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa`le*o*tech"nic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Paleo-</i> + <i>technic</i>.] <def>Belonging to, or connected with, ancient art.</def> "The <i>paleotechnic</i> men of central France." <i>D. Wilson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pa"le*o*there</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>pal&eacute;oth&egrave;re</i>.] <i>(Paleon.)</i> <def>Any species of Paleotherium.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa`le*o*the"ri*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [F. <i>pal&eacute;oth&eacute;rien</i>.] <i>(Paleon.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to Paleotherium.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pa`le*o*the"ri*um</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?; ancient + &?; beast.] <i>(Paleon.)</i> <def>An extinct genus of herbivorous Tertiary mammals, once supposed to have resembled the tapir in form, but now known to have had a more slender form, with a long neck like that of a llama.</def> [Written also <i>Pal&aelig;otherium</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Pa`le*o*the"roid</hw> (?), [<i>Paleothere</i> + <i>-oid</i>.] <i>(Paleon.)</i> <def>Resembling Paleotherium.</def> — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>An animal resembling, or allied to, the paleothere.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa"le*o*type</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Pal&aelig;otype</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa"le*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>palea</i> chaff.] <def>Chaffy; like chaff; paleaceous.</def> [R.] <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pa`le*o*zo"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Paleo-</i> + Gr. &?; life, fr. &?; to live.] <i>(Geol.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to, or designating, the older division of geological time during which life is known to have existed, including the Silurian, Devonian, and Carboniferous ages, and also to the life or rocks of those ages. See <i>Chart of</i> <u>Geology</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa`le*o*zo*&ouml;l"o*gy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Geol.)</i> <def>The Paleozoic time or strata.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa`le*o*zo*&ouml;"o*gy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Paleo-</i> + <i>zo&ouml;logy</i>.] <def>The science of extinct animals, a branch of paleontology.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pale"sie</hw> (?), <hw>Pale"sy</hw> }, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Palsy.</def> [Obs.] <i>Wyclif.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pal`es*tin"i*an</hw> (?), <hw>Pal`es*tin"e*an</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to Palestine.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa*les"tra</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> L. <plw><b>Palestr&aelig;</b></plw> (#), E. <plw><b>Palestras</b></plw> (#). [NL., fr. L. <i>palaestra</i>, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to wrestle.] [Written also <i>pal&aelig;stra</i>.] <i>(Antiq.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A wrestling school; hence, a gymnasium, or place for athletic exercise in general.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A wrestling; the exercise of wrestling.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pa*les"tri*an</hw> (?), <hw>Pa*les"tric</hw> (?), <hw>Pa*les"tric*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>palaestricus</i>, Gr. &?;] <def>Of or pertaining to the palestra, or to wrestling.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pal"et</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Palea</u>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Palea</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pal"e*tot</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>paletot</i>, OF. <i>palletoc</i>, prob. fr. L. <i>palla</i> (see <u>Palla</u>) + F. <i>toque</i> cap, and so lit., a frock with a cap or hood; cf. Sp. <i>paletoque</i>.] <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>An overcoat.</def> <i>Dickens.</i> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A lady's outer garment, — of varying fashion.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pal"ette</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Pallet</u> a thin board.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Paint.)</i> <def>A thin, oval or square board, or tablet, with a thumb hole at one end for holding it, on which a painter lays and mixes his pigments.</def> [Written also <i>pallet</i>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Anc. Armor)</i> <def>One of the plates covering the points of junction at the bend of the shoulders and elbows.</def> <i>Fairholt.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Mech.)</i> <def>A breastplate for a breast drill.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Palette knife</b></col>, <cd>a knife with a very flexible steel blade and no cutting edge, rounded at the end, used by painters to mix colors on the grinding slab or palette.</cd> — <col><b>To set the palette</b></col> <i>(Paint.)</i>, <cd>to lay upon it the required pigments in a certain order, according to the intended use of them in a picture.</cd> <i>Fairholt.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pale"wise`</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <i>(Her.)</i> <def>In the manner of a pale or pales; by perpendicular lines or divisions; as, to divide an escutcheon <i>palewise</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pal"frey</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>palefrai</i>, OF. <i>palefrei</i>, F. <i>palefroi</i>, LL. <i>palafredus</i>, <i>parafredus</i>, from L. <i>paraveredus</i> a horse for extraordinary occasions, an extra post horse; Gr. &?; along, beside + L. <i>veredus</i> a post horse.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A saddle horse for the road, or for state occasions, as distinguished from a war horse.</def> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A small saddle horse for ladies.</def> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Call the host and bid him bring<BR> Charger and <i>palfrey</i>.</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pal"freyed</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Mounted on a palfrey.</def> <i>Tickell.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pal"grave</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Palsgrave</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pa"li</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, <def><pos><i>pl.</i></pos> of <u>Palus</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa"li</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Ceylonese, fr. Skr. <i>p&amacr;li</i> row, line, series, applied to the series of Buddhist sacred texts.] <def>A dialect descended from Sanskrit, and like that, a dead language, except when used as the sacred language of the Buddhist religion in Farther India, etc.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pal`i*fi*ca"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>palus</i> a stake + <i>-ficare</i> (in comp.) to make: cf. F. <i>palification</i>. See <u>-fy</u>.] <def>The act or practice of driving piles or posts into the ground to make it firm.</def> [R.] <i>Sir H. Wotton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pa"li*form</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Resembling a palus; as, the <i>paliform</i> lobes of the septa in corals.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa*lil"o*gy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>palilogia</i>, Gr. &?;; &?; again + &?; to speak.] <i>(Rhet.)</i> <def>The repetition of a word, or part of a sentence, for the sake of greater emphasis; as, "The <i>living</i>, the <i>living</i>, he shall praise thee."</def> <i>Is. xxxviii. 19.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pal"imp*sest</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>palimpsestus</i>, Gr. &?; scratched or scraped again, &?; a palimpsest; &?; again + &?; to rub, rub away: cf. F. <i>palimpseste</i>.] <def>A parchment which has been written upon twice, the first writing having been erased to make place for the second.</def> <i>Longfellow.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pal"in*drome</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; running back again; &?; again + &?; to run: cf. F. <i>palindrome</i>.] <def>A word, verse, or sentence, that is the same when read backward or forward; as, <i>madam</i>; <i>Hannah</i>; or <i>Lewd did I live, & evil I did dwel</i>.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pal`in*drom"ic</hw> (?), <hw>Pal`in*drom"ic*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of, pertaining to, or like, a palindrome.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa*lin"dro*mist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A writer of palindromes.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pal"ing</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Pales, in general; a fence formed with pales or pickets; a limit; an inclosure.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>They moved within the <i>paling</i> of order and decorum.</blockquote> <i>De Quincey.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The act of placing pales or stripes on cloth; also, the stripes themselves.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Paling board</b></col>, <cd>one of the slabs sawed from the sides of a log to fit it to be sawed into boards.</cd> [Eng.]</p>

<p><hw>||Pal`in*ge*ne"si*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>[NL.] <def>See <u>Palingenesis</u>.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pal`in*gen"e*sis</hw> (?), <hw>Pal`in*gen"e*sy</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;; &?; again + &?; birth: cf. F. <i>paling&eacute;n&eacute;sie</i>. See <u>Genesis</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A new birth; a re-creation; a regeneration; a continued existence in different manner or form.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>That form of evolution in which the truly ancestral characters conserved by heredity are reproduced in development; original simple descent; — distinguished from <i>kenogenesis</i>. Sometimes, in zo&ouml;logy, the abrupt metamorphosis of insects, crustaceans, etc.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pal`in*ge*net"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to palingenesis: as, a <i>palingenetic</i> process.</def> - - <wf>Pal`in*ge*net"ic*al*ly</wf> (#), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Pal"i*node</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>palinodia</i>, from Gr. &?;; &?; again + &?; a song. See <u>Ode</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>An ode recanting, or retracting, a former one; also, a repetition of an ode.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A retraction; esp., a formal retraction.</def> <i>Sandys.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pal`i*no"di*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to a palinode, or retraction.</def> <i>J. Q. Adams.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pal"i*no*dy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Palinode</u>.</def> [Obs.] <i>Wood.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pal`inu"rus</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [So called from L. <i>Palinurus</i>, the pilot of &AElig;neas.] <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>An instrument for obtaining directly, without calculation, the true bearing of the sun, and thence the variation of the compass</def></p>

<p><hw>Pal`i*sade"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>palissade</i>, cf. Sp. <i>palizada</i>, It. <i>palizzata</i>, <i>palizzo</i>, LL. <i>palissata</i>; all fr. L. <i>palus</i> a stake, pale. See <u>Pale</u> a stake.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Fort.)</i> <def>A strong, long stake, one end of which is set firmly in the ground, and the other is sharpened; also, a fence formed of such stakes set in the ground as a means of defense.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Any fence made of pales or sharp stakes.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Palisade cells</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>vertically elongated parenchyma cells, such as are seen beneath the epidermis of the upper surface of many leaves.</cd> — <col><b>Palisade worm</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a nematoid worm (<i>Strongylus armatus</i>), parasitic in the blood vessels of the horse, in which it produces aneurisms, often fatal.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pal`i*sade"</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Palisaded</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Palisading</u>.] [Cf. F. <i>palissader</i>.] <def>To surround, inclose, or fortify, with palisades.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pal`i*sad"ing</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Fort.)</i> <def>A row of palisades set in the ground.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pal`i*sa*"do</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Palisadoes</b></plw> (&?;). <def>A palisade.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pal`i*sa"do</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To palisade.</def> [Obs.] <i>Sterne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pal"ish</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Somewhat pale or wan.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pal`is*san"der</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>palissandre</i>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>Violet wood.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>Rosewood.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pal"is*sy</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Designating, or of the nature of, a kind of pottery made by Bernard <i>Palissy</i>, in France, in the 16th centry.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Palissy ware</b></col>, <cd>glazed pottery like that made by Bernard Palissy; especially, that having figures of fishes, reptiles, etc., in high relief.</cd></p>

<p><hw>||Pal"kee</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Hind. <i>p&amacr;lk&imacr;</i>; of the same origin as E. <i>palanquin</i>.] <def>A palanquin.</def> <i>Malcom.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pall</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Pawl</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pall</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>pal</i>, AS. <i>p&aelig;l</i>, from L. <i>pallium</i> cover, cloak, mantle, pall; cf. L. <i>palla</i> robe, mantle.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>An outer garment; a cloak mantle.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>His lion's skin changed to a <i>pall</i> of gold.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A kind of rich stuff used for garments in the Middle Ages.</def> [Obs.] <i>Wyclif (Esther viii. 15).</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(R. C. Ch.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Pallium</u>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>About this time Pope Gregory sent two archbishop's <i>palls</i> into England, — the one for London, the other for York.</blockquote> <i>Fuller.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Her.)</i> <def>A figure resembling the Roman Catholic pallium, or pall, and having the form of the letter Y.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>A large cloth, esp., a heavy black cloth, thrown over a coffin at a funeral; sometimes, also, over a tomb.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Warriors carry the warrior's <i>pall</i>.</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <i>(Eccl.)</i> <def>A piece of cardboard, covered with linen and embroidered on one side; — used to put over the chalice.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pall</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To cloak.</def> [R.] <i>Shak</i></p>

<p><hw>Pall</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Palled</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Palling</u>.] [Either shortened fr. <i>appall</i>, or fr. F. <i>p&acirc;lir</i> to grow pale. Cf. <u>Appall</u>, <u>Pale</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <def>To become vapid, tasteless, dull, or insipid; to lose strength, life, spirit, or taste; as, the liquor <i>palls</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Beauty soon grows familiar to the lover,<BR> Fades in the eye, and <i>palls</i> upon the sense.</blockquote> <i>Addisin.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pall</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To make vapid or insipid; to make lifeless or spiritless; to dull; to weaken.</def> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Reason and reflection . . . <i>pall</i> all his enjoyments.</blockquote> <i>Atterbury.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To satiate; to cloy; as, to <i>pall</i> the appetite.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pall</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Nausea.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shaftesbury.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Pal"la</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. See <u>Pall</u> a cloak.] <i>(Rom. Antuq.)</i> <def>An oblong rectangular piece of cloth, worn by Roman ladies, and fastened with brooches.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pal*la"di*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>Of, pertaining to, or designating, a variety of the revived classic style of architecture, founded on the works of Andrea <i>Palladio</i>, an Italian architect of the 16th century.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pal*la"dic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Of, pertaining to, or derived from, palladium; — used specifically to designate those compounds in which the element has a higher valence as contrasted with <i>palladious</i> compounds.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pal*la"di*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Of, pertaining to, or containing, palladium; — used specifically to designate those compounds in which palladium has a lower valence as compared with <i>palladic</i> compounds.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pal*la"di*um</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?;, &?;, Pallas.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Gr. Antiq.)</i> <def>Any statue of the goddess Pallas; esp., the famous statue on the preservation of which depended the safety of ancient Troy.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Hence: That which affords effectual protection or security; a safeguard; as, the trial by jury is the <i>palladium</i> of our civil rights.</def> <i>Blackstone.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pal*la"di*um</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A rare metallic element of the light platinum group, found native, and also alloyed with platinum and gold. It is a silver-white metal resembling platinum, and like it permanent and untarnished in the air, but is more easily fusible. It is unique in its power of occluding hydrogen, which it does to the extent of nearly a thousand volumes, forming the alloy Pd<sub>2</sub>H. It is used for graduated circles and verniers, for plating certain silver goods, and somewhat in dentistry. It was so named in 1804 by Wollaston from the asteroid <i>Pallas</i>, which was discovered in 1802. Symbol Pd. Atomic weight, 106.2.</def></p>

<p><! p. 1033 !></p>

<p><hw>Pal*la"di*um*ize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Palladiumized</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Palladiumizing</u> (?).] <def>To cover or coat with palladium.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Pal"lah</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A large South African antelope (<i>&AElig;pyceros melampus</i>). The male has long lyrate and annulated horns. The general color is bay, with a black crescent on the croup. Called also <i>roodebok</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pal"las</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., fr. Gr. &?;, &?;.] <i>(Gr. Myth.)</i> <def>Pallas Athene, the Grecian goddess of wisdom, called also <i>Athene</i>, and identified, at a later period, with the Roman Minerva.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pall"bear*er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One of those who attend the coffin at a funeral; — so called from the pall being formerly carried by them.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pal"let</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>paillet</i>, F. <i>paillet</i> a heap of straw, fr. <i>paille</i> straw, fr. L. <i>palea</i> chaff; cf. Gr. &?; fine meal, dust, Skr. <i>pala</i> straw, <i>pal&amacr;va</i> chaff. Cf. <u>Paillasse</u>.] <def>A small and mean bed; a bed of straw.</def> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pal"let</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Dim. of <i>pale</i>. See <u>Pale</u> a stake.] <i>(Her.)</i> <def>A perpendicular band upon an escutcheon, one half the breadth of the pale.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pal"let</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>palette</i>: af. It. <i>paletta</i>; prop. and orig., a fire shovel, dim. of L. <i>pala</i> a shovel, spade. See <u>Peel</u> a shovel.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Paint.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Palette</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Pottery)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A wooden implement used by potters, crucible makers, etc., for forming, beating, and rounding their works. It is oval, round, and of other forms.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A potter's wheel.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Gilding)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>An instrument used to take up gold leaf from the pillow, and to apply it.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A tool for gilding the backs of books over the bands.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Brickmaking)</i> <def>A board on which a newly molded brick is conveyed to the hack.</def> <i>Knight.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <i>(Mach.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A click or pawl for driving a ratchet wheel.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>One of the series of disks or pistons in the chain pump.</def> <i>Knight.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <i>(Horology)</i> <def>One of the pieces or levers connected with the pendulum of a clock, or the balance of a watch, which receive the immediate impulse of the scape-wheel, or balance wheel.</def> <i>Brande & C.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <i>(Mus.)</i> <def>In the organ, a valve between the wind chest and the mouth of a pipe or row of pipes.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>8.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of a pair of shelly plates that protect the siphon tubes of certain bivalves, as the Teredo. See <i>Illust.</i> of <u>Teredo</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>9.</b></sn> <def>A cup containing three ounces, — &?;ormerly used by surgeons.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pal"li*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>pallium</i> a mantle. See <u>Pall</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Of or pretaining to a mantle, especially to the mantle of mollusks; produced by the mantle; as, the <i>pallial</i> line, or impression, which marks the attachment of the mantle on the inner surface of a bivalve shell. See <i>Illust.</i> of <u>Bivalve</u>.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Pallial chamber</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the cavity inclosed by the mantle.</cd> — <col><b>Pallial sinus</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>an inward bending of the pallial line, near the posterior end of certain bivalve shells, to receive the siphon. See <i>Illust.</i> of <u>Bivalve</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pal"li*a*ment</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [LL. <i>palliare</i> to clothe, fr. L. <i>pallium</i> a manltle. See <u>Pall</u> the garment.] <def>A dress; a robe.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pal"liard</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>paillard</i>, orig., one addicted to the couch, fr. <i>paille</i> straw. See <u>Pallet</u> a small bed.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A born beggar; a vagabond.</def> [Obs.] <i>Halliwell.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A lecher; a lewd person.</def> [Obs.] <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pal*liasse"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Paillasse</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pal"li*ate</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>palliatus</i>, fr. <i>pallium</i> a cloak. See <u>Pall</u> the garment.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Covered with a mant&?;e; cloaked; disguised.</def> [Obs.] <i>Bp. Hall.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Eased; mitigated; alleviated.</def> [Obs.] <i>Bp. Fell.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pal"li*ate</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Palliated</u>(?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Palliating</u>(?).] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To cover with a mantle or cloak; to cover up; to hide.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Being <i>palliated</i> with a pilgrim's coat.</blockquote> <i>Sir T. Herbert.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To cover with excuses; to conceal the enormity of, by excuses and apologies; to extenuate; as, to <i>palliate</i> faults.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>They never hide or <i>palliate</i> their vices.</blockquote> <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To reduce in violence; to lessen or abate; to mitigate; to ease withhout curing; as, to <i>palliate</i> a disease.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>To <i>palliate</i> dullness, and give time a shove.</blockquote> <i>Cowper.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — To cover; cloak; hide; extenuate; conceal. — To <u>Palliate</u>, <u>Extenuate</u>, <u>Cloak</u>. These words, as here compared, are used in a figurative sense in reference to our treatment of wrong action. We <i>cloak</i> in order to conceal completely. We <i>extenuate</i> a crime when we endeavor to show that it is <i>less</i> than has been supposed; we <i>palliate</i> a crime when we endeavor to <i>cover</i> or <i>conceal</i> its enormity, at least in part. This naturally leads us to soften some of its features, and thus <i>palliate</i> approaches <i>extenuate</i> till they have become nearly or quite identical. "To <i>palliate</i> is not now used, though it once was, in the sense of wholly cloaking or covering over, as it might be, our sins, but in that of <i>extenuating</i>; to <i>palliate</i> our faults is not to hide them altogether, but to seek to diminish their guilt in part." <i>Trench.</i> </p>

<p><hw>Pal`li*a"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>palliation</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of palliating, or state of being palliated; extenuation; excuse; as, the <i>palliation</i> of faults, offenses, vices.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Mitigation; alleviation, as of a disease.</def> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>That which cloaks or covers; disguise; also, the state of being covered or disguised.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Pal"li*a*tive</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>palliatif</i>.] <def>Serving to palliate; serving to extenuate or mitigate.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pal"li*a*tive</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>That which palliates; a palliative agent.</def> <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pal"li*a*to*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Palliative; extenuating.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pal"lid</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>pallidus</i>, fr. <i>pallere</i> to be or look pale. See <u>pale</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <def>Deficient in color; pale; wan; as, a <i>pallid</i> countenance; <i>pallid</i> blue.</def> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pal*lid"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Pallidness; paleness.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pal"lid*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a pallid manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pal"lid*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality or state of being pallid; paleness; pallor; wanness.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pal`li*o*bran`chi*a"ta</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Brachiopoda</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pal`li*o*bran"chi*ate</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See <u>Pallium</u>, and <u>Branchia</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Having the pallium, or mantle, acting as a gill, as in brachiopods.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pal"li*um</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> L. <plw><b>Pallia</b></plw>(&?;), E. <plw><b>Palliums</b></plw> (#). [L. See <u>Pall</u> the garment.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Anc. Costume)</i> <def>A large, square, woolen cloak which enveloped the whole person, worn by the Greeks and by certain Romans. It is the Roman name of a Greek garment.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(R.C.Ch.)</i> <def>A band of white wool, worn on the shoulders, with four purple crosses worked on it; a pall.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The wool is obtained from two lambs brought to the basilica of St. Agnes, Rome, and blessed. It is worn by the pope, and sent to patriarchs, primates, and archbishops, as a sign that they share in the plenitude of the episcopal office. Befoer it is sent, the pallium is laid on the tomb of St. Peter, where it remains all night.</p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The mantle of a bivalve. See <u>Mantle</u>.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The mantle of a bird.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pall`-mall"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>palemail</i>, It. <i>pallamagio</i>; <i>palla</i> a ball (of German origin, akin to E. <i>ball</i>) + <i>magio</i> hammer, fr. L. <i>malleus</i>. See lst <u>Ball</u>, and <u>Mall</u> a beetle.] <def>A game formerly common in England, in which a wooden ball was driven with a mallet through an elevated hoop or ring of iron. The name was also given to the mallet used, to the place where the game was played, and to the street, in London, still called <i>Pall Mall</i>.</def> [Written also <i>pail-mail</i> and <i>pell-mell</i>.] <i>Sir K. Digby. Evelyn.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pal*lo"ne</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [It., a large ball, fr. <i>palla</i> ball. See <u>Balloon</u>.] <def>An Italian game, played with a large leather ball.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pal"lor</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., fr. <i>pallere</i> to be or look pale. See <u>Pale</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <def>Paleness; want of color; pallidity; as, <i>pallor</i> of the complexion.</def> <i>Jer. Taylor.</i></p>

<p><hw>Palm</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>paume</i>, F. <i>paume</i>, L. <i>palma</i>, Gr. &?;, akin to Skr. <i>p&amacr;ni</i> hand, and E. <i>fumble</i>. See <u>Fumble</u>, <u>Feel</u>, and cf. 2d <u>Palm</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>The inner and somewhat concave part of the hand between the bases of the fingers and the wrist.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Clench'd her fingers till they bit the <i>palm</i>.</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A lineal measure equal either to the breadth of the hand or to its length from the wrist to the ends of the fingers; a hand; — used in measuring a horse's height.</def></p>

<p>&fist; In Greece, the palm was reckoned at three inches. The Romans adopted two measures of this name, the lesser palm of 2.91 inches, and the greater palm of 8.73 inches. At the present day, this measure varies in the most arbitrary manner, being different in each country, and occasionally varying in the same. <i>Internat. Cyc.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Sailmaking)</i> <def>A metallic disk, attached to a strap, and worn the palm of the hand, — used to push the needle through the canvas, in sewing sails, etc.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The broad flattened part of an antler, as of a full-grown fallow deer; — so called as resembling the palm of the hand with its protruding fingers.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>The flat inner face of an anchor fluke.</def></p>

<p><hw>Palm</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>palm</i>, L. <i>palma</i>; — so named fr. the leaf resembling a hand. See lst <u>Palm</u>, and cf. <u>Pam</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Any endogenous tree of the order <i>Palm&aelig;</i> or <i>Palmace&aelig;</i>; a palm tree.</def></p>

<p>&fist; Palms are perennial woody plants, often of majestic size. The trunk is usually erect and rarely branched, and has a roughened exterior composed of the persistent bases of the leaf stalks. The leaves are borne in a terminal crown, and are supported on stout, sheathing, often prickly, petioles. They are usually of great size, and are either pinnately or palmately many-cleft. There are about one thousand species known, nearly all of them growing in tropical or semitropical regions. The wood, petioles, leaves, sap, and fruit of many species are invaluable in the arts and in domestic economy. Among the best known are the date palm, the cocoa palm, the fan palm, the oil palm, the wax palm, the palmyra, and the various kinds called cabbage palm and palmetto.</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A branch or leaf of the palm, anciently borne or worn as a symbol of victory or rejoicing.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A great multitude . . . stood before the throne, and before the Lamb, clothed with white robes, and <i>palme</i> in their hands.</blockquote> <i>Rev. vii. 9.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> Hence: <def>Any symbol or token of superiority, success, or triumph; also, victory; triumph; supremacy.</def> "The <i>palm</i> of martyrdom." <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>So get the start of the majestic world<BR> And bear the <i>palm</i> alone.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Molucca palm</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>a labiate herb from Asia (<i>Molucella l&aelig;vis</i>), having a curious cup-shaped calyx.</cd> — <col><b>Palm cabbage</b></col>, <cd>the terminal bud of a cabbage palm, used as food.</cd> — <col><b>Palm cat</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the common paradoxure.</cd> — <col><b>Palm crab</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the purse crab.</cd> — <col><b>Palm oil</b></col>, <cd>a vegetable oil, obtained from the fruit of several species of palms, as the African oil palm (<i>El&aelig;is Guineensis</i>), and used in the manufacture of soap and candles. See <u>El&aelig;is</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Palm swift</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a small swift (<i>Cypselus Batassiensis</i>) which frequents the palmyra and cocoanut palms in India. Its peculiar nest is attached to the leaf of the palmyra palm.</cd> — <col><b>Palm toddy</b></col>. <cd>Same as <i>Palm wine</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Palm weevil</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>any one of mumerous species of very large weevils of the genus <i>Rhynchophorus</i>. The larv&aelig; bore into palm trees, and are called <i>palm borers</i>, and <i>grugru worms</i>. They are considered excellent food.</cd> — <col><b>Palm wine</b></col>, <cd>the sap of several species of palms, especially, in India, of the wild date palm (<i>Ph&oelig;nix sylvestrix</i>), the palmyra, and the <i>Caryota urens</i>. When fermented it yields by distillation arrack, and by evaporation jaggery. Called also <i>palm toddy</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Palm worm</b></col>, <i>or</i> <col><b>Palmworm</b></col>. <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>The larva of a palm weevil</cd>. <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>A centipede.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Palm</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Palmed</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Palming</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To handle.</def> [Obs.] <i>Prior.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To manipulate with, or conceal in, the palm of the hand; to juggle.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>They <i>palmed</i> the trick that lost the game.</blockquote> <i>Prior.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To impose by fraud, as by sleight of hand; to put by unfair means; — usually with <i>off</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>For you may <i>palm</i> upon us new for old.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pal*ma"ceous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to palms; of the nature of, or resembling, palms.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pal"ma Chris"ti</hw> (?). [L., palm of Christ.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A plant (<i>Ricinus communis</i>) with ornamental peltate and palmately cleft foliage, growing as a woody perennial in the tropics, and cultivated as an herbaceous annual in temperate regions; — called also <i>castor-oil plant</i>.</def> [Sometimes corrupted into <i>palmcrist</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Pal"ma*cite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Paleon.)</i> <def>A fossil palm.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pal"mar</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>palmaris</i>, fr. <i>palma</i> the palm of the hand: cf. F. <i>palmaire</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Pertaining to, or corresponding with, the palm of the hand.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to the under side of the wings of birds.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pal*ma"ri*um</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Palmaria</b></plw> (#). [NL. See <u>Palmar</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of the bifurcations of the brachial plates of a crinoid.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pal"ma*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Palmar.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pal"ma*ry</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>palmarius</i>, <i>palmaris</i>, belonging to palms, deserving the palm or prize, fr. <i>palma</i> a palm.] <def>Worthy of the palm; palmy; pre&euml;minent; superior; principal; chief; as, <i>palmary</i> work.</def> <i>Br. Horne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pal"mate</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A salt of palmic acid; a ricinoleate.</def> [Obsoles.]</p>

<p>{ <hw>Pal"mate</hw> (?), <hw>Pal"ma*ted</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>palmatus</i> marked with the palm of a hand, from <i>palma</i> the palm of the hand.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Having the shape of the hand; resembling a hand with the fingers spread.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Spreading from the apex of a petiole, as the divisions of a leaf, or leaflets, so as to resemble the hand with outspread fingers.</def> <i>Gray.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>Having the anterior toes united by a web, as in most swimming birds; webbed.</def> See <i>Illust.</i> <i>(i)</i> under <u>Aves</u>. <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>Having the distal portion broad, flat, and more or less divided into lobes; — said of certain corals, antlers, etc.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pal"mate*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a palmate manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pal*mat"i*fid</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>palmatus</i> palmate + root of <i>findere</i> to split.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Palmate, with the divisions separated but little more than halfway to the common center.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pal*mat"i*lobed</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>palmatus</i> palmate + E. <i>lobed</i>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Palmate, with the divisions separated less than halfway to the common center.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pal*mat"i*sect</hw> (?), <hw>Pal*mat`i*sect"ed</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>palmatus</i> palmate + <i>secare</i> to cut.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Divided, as a palmate leaf, down to the midrib, so that the parenchyma is interrupted.</def></p>

<p><hw>Palm"crist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The palma Christi. (<i>Jonah iv. 6, margin, and Douay version, note.</i>)</def></p>

<p><hw>Palmed</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having or bearing a palm or palms.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Palmed deer</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a stag of full growth, bearing palms. See lst <u>Palm</u>, 4.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Palm"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From <u>Palm</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>] <def>One who palms or cheats, as at cards or dice.</def></p>

<p><hw>Palm"er</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>[From <u>Palm</u> the tree.] <def>A wandering religious votary; especially, one who bore a branch of palm as a token that he had visited the Holy Land and its sacred places.</def> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Pilgrims and <i>palmers</i> plighted them together.</blockquote> <i>P. Plowman.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The pilgrim had some home or dwelling place, the <i>palmer</i> had none. The pilgrim traveled to some certain, designed place or places, but the <i>palmer</i> to all.</blockquote> <i>T. Staveley.</i></p>

<p><hw>Palm"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A palmerworm.</def><BR> [Webster 1913 Suppl.]</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Angling)</i> <def>Short for <i><col><b>Palmer fly</b></col></i>, an artificial fly made to imitate a hairy caterpillar; a hackle.</def><BR> [Webster 1913 Suppl.]</p>

<p><hw>Palm"er*worm`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>Any hairy caterpillar which appears in great numbers, devouring herbage, and wandering about like a palmer. The name is applied also to other voracious insects.</def> <i>Joel. i. 4.</i> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>In America, the larva of any one of several moths, which destroys the foliage of fruit and forest trees, esp. the larva of <i>Ypsolophus pometellus</i>, which sometimes appears in vast numbers.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pal*mette"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., dim. of <i>palme</i> a palm.] <def>A floral ornament, common in Greek and other ancient architecture; — often called <i>the honeysuckle ornament</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pal*met"to</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Dim. of <i>palm</i> the tree: cf. Sp. <i>palmito</i>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A name given to palms of several genera and species growing in the West Indies and the Southern United States. In the United States, the name is applied especially to the <i>Cham&aelig;rops, or Sabal, Palmetto</i>, the cabbage tree of Florida and the Carolinas. See <i>Cabbage tree</i>, under <u>Cabbage</u>. </def></p>

<p><! p. 1034 !></p>

<p><col><b>Royal palmetto</b></col>, <cd>the West Indian <i>Sabal umbraculifera</i>, the trunk of which, when hollowed, is used for water pipes, etc. The leaves are used for thatching, and for making hats, ropes, etc.</cd> — <col><b>Saw palmetto</b></col>, <cd><i>Sabal serrulata</i>, a native of Georgia, South Carolina, and Florida. The nearly impassable jungle which it forms is called <i>palmetto scrub</i>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pal"mic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>palmique</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Of, pertaining to, or derived from, the castor-oil plant (<i>Ricinus communis</i>, or <i>Palma Christi</i>); — formerly used to designate an acid now called <i>ricinoleic acid</i>.</def> [Obsoles.]</p>

<p><hw>||Pal`mi*dac"ty*les</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Palm</u>, and <u>Dactyl</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A group of wading birds having the toes webbed, as the avocet.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pal*mif"er*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos>[L. <i>palmifer</i>; <i>palma</i> a palm + <i>ferre</i> to bear: cf. F. <i>palmif&egrave;re</i>.] <def>Bearing palms.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pal"mi*grade</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>palma</i> palm of the hand + <i>gradi</i> to walk.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Putting the whole foot upon the ground in walking, as some mammals.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pal"min</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From <i>palma</i> Christi: cf. F. <i>palmine</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A white waxy or fatty substance obtained from castor oil.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>Ricinolein.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Pal"mi*ped</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos>[L. <i>palmipes</i>, <i>-edis</i>, broad-footed; <i>palma</i> the palm of the hand + <i>pes</i> a foot; cf. F. <i>palmip&egrave;de</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Web-footed, as a water fowl.</def> — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A swimming bird; a bird having webbed feet.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pal*mip"e*des</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Natatores</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pal"mis*ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From <u>Palm</u> of the hand.] <def>One who practices palmistry</def> <i>Bp. Hall.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pal`mis*try</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>[See <u>Palmister</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The art or practice of divining or telling fortunes, or of judging of character, by the lines and marks in the palm of the hand; chiromancy.</def> <i>Ascham. Cowper.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A dexterous use or trick of the hand.</def> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pal"mi*tate</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A salt of palmitic acid.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pal"mite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From <u>Palm</u>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A South African plant (<i>Prionium Palmita</i>) of the Rush family, having long serrated leaves. The stems have been used for making brushes.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pal*mit"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Physiol. Chem.)</i> <def>Pertaining to, or obtained from, palmitin or palm oil; as, <i>palmitic</i> acid, a white crystalline body belonging to the fatty acid series. It is readily soluble in hot alcohol, and melts to a liquid oil at 62&deg; C.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pal"mi*tin</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [So called because abundant in <i>palm</i> oil.] <i>(Physiol. Chem.)</i> <def>A solid crystallizable fat, found abundantly in animals and in vegetables. It occurs mixed with stearin and olein in the fat of animal tissues, with olein and butyrin in butter, with olein in olive oil, etc. Chemically, it is a glyceride of palmitic acid, three molecules of palmitic acid being united to one molecule of glyceryl, and hence it is technically called <i>tripalmitin</i>, or <i>glyceryl tripalmitate</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pal`mi*tol"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Palmit</i>ic + <i>-ol</i>eic + <i>ic</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, an artificial acid of the oleic acid series, isomeric with linoleic acid.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pal"mi*tone</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>The ketone of palmitic acid.</def></p>

<p><hw>Palm" Sun`day</hw> (?). <i>(Eccl.)</i> <def>The Sunday next before Easter; — so called in commemoration of our Savior's triumphal entry into Jerusalem, when the multitude strewed palm branches in the way.</def></p>

<p><hw>Palm"y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Bearing palms; abounding in palms; derived from palms; as, a <i>palmy</i> shore.</def> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>His golden sands and <i>palmy</i> wine.</blockquote> <i>Goldsmith.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Worthy of the palm; flourishing; prosperous.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>In the most high and <i>palmy</i> state of Rome.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pal*my"ra</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A species of palm (<i>Borassus flabelliformis</i>) having a straight, black, upright trunk, with palmate leaves. It is found native along the entire northern shores of the Indian Ocean, from the mouth of the Tigris to New Guinea. More than eight hundred uses to which it is put are enumerated by native writers. Its wood is largely used for building purposes; its fruit and roots serve for food, its sap for making toddy, and its leaves for thatching huts.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa*lo"la</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Fr. the native name.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>An annelid (<i>Palola viridis</i>) which, at certain seasons of the year, swarms at the surface of the sea about some of the Pacific Islands, where it is collected for food.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pa`lo*me"ta</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A pompano.</def></p>

<p><hw>Palp</hw> (p&abreve;lp), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>palpe</i>. See <u>Palpable</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Palpus</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Palp</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [L. <i>palpare</i>: cf. F. <i>palper</i>.] <def>To have a distinct touch or feeling of; to feel.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>To bring a <i>palp&egrave;d darkness o'er the earth</i>.</blockquote> <i>Heywood.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pal`pa*bil"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality of being palpable, or perceptible by the touch.</def> <i>Arbuthnot.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pal"pa*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [F. <i>palpable</i>, L. <i>palpabilis</i>, fr. <i>palpare</i> to feel, stroke; cf. <i>palpus</i> the soft palm of the hand.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Capable of being touched and felt; perceptible by the touch; as, a <i>palpable</i> form.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Darkness must overshadow all his bounds,<BR> <i>Palpable</i> darkness.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Easily perceptible; plain; distinct; obvious; readily perceived and detected; gross; as, <i>palpable</i> imposture; <i>palpable</i> absurdity; <i>palpable</i> errors.</def> "Three persons <i>palpable</i>." <i>P. Plowman.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>[Lies] gross as a mountain, open, <i>palpable</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p>— <wf>Pal"pa*ble*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> — <wf>Pal"pa*bly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Pal*pa"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>palpatio</i>, fr. <i>palpare</i>. See <u>Palpable</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Act of touching or feeling.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Examination of a patient by touch.</def> <i>Quain.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Pal*pa"tor</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., a stroker.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of a family of clavicorn beetles, including those which have very long maxillary palpi.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pal"pe*bra</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Palpebr&aelig;</b></plw> (#). [L.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The eyelid.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pal"pe*bral</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>palpebralis</i>, fr. <i>palpebra</i>: cf. F. <i>palp&eacute;bral</i>.] <def>Of or pertaining to the eyelids.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pal"pe*brate</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Having eyelids.</def></p>

<p><hw>Palped</hw> (p&abreve;lpt), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Having a palpus.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pal"pi</hw> (p&abreve;l"p&imacr;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, <def><pos><i>pl.</i></pos> of <u>Palpus</u>. <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> See <u>Palpus</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pal"pi*corn</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Palpus</u>, and <u>Cornu</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of a group of aquatic beetles (<i>Palpicornia</i>) having short club-shaped antenn&aelig;, and long maxillary palpi.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pal"pi*fer</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Palpus</i> + L. <i>ferre</i> to bear.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Palpiger</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pal"pi*form</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Palpus</i> + <i>-form</i>: cf. F. <i>palpiforme</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Having the form of a palpus.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pal"pi*ger</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Palpigerous</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>That portion of the labium which bears the palpi in insects.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pal*pig"er*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Palpus</i> + <i>-gerous</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Bearing a palpus.</def> <i>Kirby.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pal"pi*tant</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>palpitans</i>, p. pr.] <def>Palpitating; throbbing; trembling.</def> <i>Carlyle.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pal"pi*tate</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Palpitated</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Palpitating</u>(?).] [L. <i>palpitare</i>, <i>palpitatum</i>, v. intens. fr. <i>pappare</i>. See <u>Palpable</u>.] <def>To beat rapidly and more strongly than usual; to throb; to bound with emotion or exertion; to pulsate violently; to flutter; — said specifically of the heart when its action is abnormal, as from excitement.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pal`pi*ta"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>palpitatio</i>: cf. F. <i>palpitation</i>.] <def>A rapid pulsation; a throbbing; esp., an abnormal, rapid beating of the heart as when excited by violent exertion, strong emotion, or by disease.</def></p>

<p><hw>Palp"less</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Without a palpus.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pal"po*cil</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Palpus</u>, and <u>Cilium</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A minute soft filamentary process springing from the surface of certain hydroids and sponges.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pal"pus</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Palpi</b></plw> (#). [NL. See <u>Palp</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A feeler; especially, one of the jointed sense organs attached to the mouth organs of insects, arachnids, crustaceans, and annelids; as, the mandibular <i>palpi</i>, maxillary <i>palpi</i>, and labial <i>palpi</i>. The palpi of male spiders serve as sexual organs. Called also <i>palp</i>. See <i>Illust.</i> of <u>Arthrogastra</u> and <u>Orthoptera</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pals"grave`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [D. <i>paltsgraaf</i>; <i>palts</i> palace (l. <i>palatium</i>) + <i>graaf</i> count; cf. G. <i>pfalzgraf</i>. See <u>Palace</u>, and <u>Landgrave</u>.] <i>(Ger. Hist.)</i> <def>A count or earl who presided in the domestic court, and had the superintendence, of a royal household in Germany.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pals"gra*vine`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>[D. <i>paltsgravin</i>: cf. G. <i>pfalzgrafin</i>.] <def>The consort or widow of a palsgrave.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pal"si*cal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos>[From <u>Palsy</u>.] <def>Affected with palsy; palsied; paralytic.</def> [R.] <i>Johnson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pal"sied</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Affected with palsy; paralyzed.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pal"stave`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Dan. <i>paalstav</i>.] <def>A peculiar bronze adz, used in prehistoric Europe about the middle of the bronze age.</def> <i>Dawkins.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pal"ster</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [D. <i>palsterstaf</i>.] <def>A pilgrim's staff.</def> [Obs.] <i>Halliwell.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pal"sy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Palsies</b></plw> (#). [OE. <i>palesie</i>, <i>parlesy</i>, OF. <i>paralesie</i>, F. <i>paralysie</i>, L. <i>paralysis</i>. See <u>Paralysis</u>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Paralysis, complete or partial. See <u>Paralysis</u>.</def> "One sick of the <i>palsy</i>." <i>Mark ii. 3.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Bell's palsy</b></col>, <cd>paralysis of the facial nerve, producing distortion of one side of the face; — so called from Sir Charles <i>Bell</i>, an English surgeon who described it.</cd> — <col><b>Scrivener's palsy</b></col>. <cd>See <i>Writer's cramp</i>, under <u>Writer</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Shaking palsy</b></col>, <cd><i>paralysis agitans</i>, a disease usually occurring in old people, characterized by muscular tremors and a peculiar shaking and tottering gait.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pal"sy</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Palsied</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Palsying</u>.] <def>To affect with palsy, or as with palsy; to deprive of action or energy; to paralyze.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pal"sy*wort`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The cowslip (<i>Primula veris</i>); — so called from its supposed remedial powers.</def> <i>Dr. Prior.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pal"ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Paltered</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Paltering</u>.] [See <u>Paltry</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To haggle.</def> [Obs.] <i>Cotgrave.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To act in insincere or deceitful manner; to play false; to equivocate; to shift; to dodge; to trifle.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Romans, that have spoke the word,<BR> And will not <i>palter</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Who never sold the truth to serve the hour,<BR> Nor <i>paltered</i> with eternal God for power.</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To babble; to chatter.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Pal"ter</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To trifle with; to waste; to squander in paltry ways or on worthless things.</def> [Obs.] "<i>Palter</i> out your time in the penal statutes." <i>Beau. & Fl.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pal"ter*er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who palters.</def> <i>Johnson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pal"ter*ly</hw>, <pos><i>a. & adv.</i></pos> <def>Paltry; shabby; shabbily; paltrily.</def> [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] "In <i>palterly</i> clothes." <i>Pepys.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pal"tock</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Paletot</u>.] <def>A kind of doublet; a jacket.</def> [Obs.] <i>Piers Plowman.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pal"tri*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a paltry manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pal"tri*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The state or quality of being paltry.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pal"try</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<pos><i>Compar.</i></pos> <u>Paltrier</u> (&?;); <pos><i>superl.</i></pos> <u>Paltriest</u>.] [Cf. Prov. E. <i>paltry</i> refuse, rubbish, LG. <i>paltering</i> ragged, <i>palte</i>, <i>palter</i>, a rag, a tatter, Dan. <i>pialt</i>, Sw. <i>palta</i>, pl. <i>paltor</i>.] <def>Mean; vile; worthless; despicable; contemptible; pitiful; trifling; as, a <i>paltry</i> excuse; <i>paltry</i> gold.</def> <i>Cowper.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>paltry</i> prize is hardly worth the cost.</blockquote> <i>Byron.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — See <u>Contemptible</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Pa*lu"dal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>palus</i>, <i>- udis</i>, a marsh.] <def>Of or pertaining to marshes or fens; marshy.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><col><b>Paludal fever</b></col>, <cd>malarial fever; — so called because generated in marshy districts.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pa*lu"da*ment</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Paludamentum</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pa*lu`da*men*tum</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Paladumenta</b></plw> (&?;). <i>(Rom. Antiq.)</i> <def>A military cloak worn by a general and his principal officers.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pal`u*dic"o*l&aelig;</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr. L. <i>palus</i>, <i>-udis</i>, a marsh + <i>colere</i> to inhabit.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A division of birds, including the cranes, rails, etc.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa*lu"di*cole</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>paludicole</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Marsh-inhabiting; belonging to the Paludicol&aelig;</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pal`u*di"na</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> L. <plw><b>Paludin&aelig;</b></plw> (#), E. <plw><b>Paludinas</b></plw> (#). [NL., fr. L. <i>palus</i>, <i>-udis</i>, a marsh, pool.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any one of numerous species of freshwater pectinibranchiate mollusks, belonging to <i>Paludina</i>, <i>Melantho</i>, and allied genera. They have an operculated shell which is usually green, often with brown bands. See <i>Illust.</i> of <i>Pond snail</i>, under <u>Pond</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pal`u*di"nal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Inhabiting ponds or swamps.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pal"u*dine</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>palus</i>, <i>-udis</i>, a marsh.] <def>Of or pertaining to a marsh.</def> <i>Buckland.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pa*lu"di*nous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>Paludinal. <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> Like or pertaining to the genus Paludina.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Of or pertaining to a marsh or fen.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Pa*lu"dism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>The morbid phenomena produced by dwelling among marshes; malarial disease or disposition.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pal"u*dose`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos>[L. <i>paludosus</i> marshy.] <def>Growing or living in marshy places; marshy.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pal"ule</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>See <u>Palulus</u> <i>or</i> <u>Palus</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pal"u*lus</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Paluli</b></plw> (#). [NL., dim. of L. <i>palus</i> a stake.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Palus</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pa"lus</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Pali</b></plw> (#). [L., a stake.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of several upright slender calcareous processes which surround the central part of the calicle of certain corals.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa*lus"tral</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>paluster</i>, <i>-ustris</i>.] <def>Of or pertaining to a bog or marsh; boggy.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Pa*lus"trine</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of, pertaining to, or living in, a marsh or swamp; marshy.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pal"y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [From <u>Pale</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <def>Pale; wanting color; dim.</def> [Poetic] <i>Shak. Whittier.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pal"y</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>pal&eacute;</i>. See <u>Pale</u> a stake.] <i>(Her.)</i> <def>Divided into four or more equal parts by perpendicular lines, and of two different tinctures disposed alternately.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pam</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From <u>Palm</u> victory; cf. <i>trump</i>, fr. <i>triumph</i>.] <def>The knave of clubs.</def> [Obs.] <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pa"ment</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A pavement.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Pam"pa*no</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Sp.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Pompano</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pam"pas</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [Sp., fr. Peruv. <i>pampa</i> a field, plain.] <def>Vast plains in the central and southern part of the Argentine Republic in South America. The term is sometimes used in a wider sense for the plains extending from Bolivia to Southern Patagonia.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Pampas cat</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a South American wild cat (<i>Felis pajeros</i>). It has oblique transverse bands of yellow or brown. It is about three and a half feet long. Called also <i>straw cat</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Pampas deer</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a small, reddish-brown, South American deer (<i>Cervus, or Blastocerus, campestris</i>).</cd> — <col><b>Pampas grass</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>a very tall ornamental grass (<i>Gynerium argenteum</i>) with a silvery-white silky panicle. It is a native of the pampas of South America.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pam"per</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Pampered</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Pampering</u>.] [Cf. LG. <i>pampen</i>, <i>slampampen</i>, to live luxuriously, <i>pampe</i> thick pap, and E. <i>pap</i>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To feed to the full; to feed luxuriously; to glut; as, to <i>pamper</i> the body or the appetite.</def> "A body . . . <i>pampered</i> for corruption." <i>Dr. T. Dwight.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To gratify inordinately; to indulge to excess; as, to <i>pamper</i> pride; to <i>pamper</i> the imagination.</def> <i>South.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pam"pered</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Fed luxuriously; indulged to the full; hence, luxuriant.</def> "<i>Pampered</i> boughs." <i>Milton.</i> "<i>Pampered</i> insolence." <i>Pope.</i> — <wf>Pam"pered*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>Bp. Hall.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pam"per*er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who, or that which, pampers.</def> <i>Cowper.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pam"per*ize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To pamper.</def> [R.] <i>Sydney Smith.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Pam*pe"ro</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>[Sp., fr. <i>pampa</i> a plain.] <def>A violent wind from the west or southwest, which sweeps over the pampas of South America and the adjacent seas, often doing great damage.</def> <i>Sir W. Parish.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pam*pe"ros</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos>; sing. <singw><b>Pampero</b></singw> (&?;). [Sp. American.] <i>(Ethnol.)</i> <def>A tribe of Indians inhabiting the pampas of South America.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pam"phlet</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>pamflet</i>, <i>pamfilet</i>, <i>paunflet</i>, possibly fr. OF. <i>palme</i> the palm of the hand, F. <i>paume</i> (see <u>Palm</u>) + OF. <i>fueillet</i> a leaf, dim. of <i>fueil</i>, m., F. <i>feuille</i>, f., fr. L. <i>folium</i>, pl. <i>folia</i>, thus meaning, a leaf to be held in the hand; or perh. through old French, fr. L. <i>Pamphila</i>, a female historian of the first century who wrote many epitomes; prob., however, fr. OF. <i>Pamflette</i>, the Old French name given to <i>Pamphilus</i>, a poem in Latin verse of the 12th century, pamphlets being named from the popularity of this poem.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A writing; a book.</def> <i>Testament of love.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Sir Thomas More in his <i>pamphlet</i> of Richard the Third.</blockquote> <i>Ascham.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A small book consisting of a few sheets of printed paper, stitched together, often with a paper cover, but not bound; a short essay or written discussion, usually on a subject of current interest.</def></p>

<p><! p. 1035 !></p>

<p><hw>Pam"phlet</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To write a pamphlet or pamphlets.</def> [R.] <i>Howell.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pam`phlet*eer"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A writer of pamphlets; a scribbler.</def> <i>Dryden. Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pam`phlet*eer"</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To write or publish pamphlets.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>By <i>pamphleteering</i> we shall not win.</blockquote> <i>C. Kingsley.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pam*pin"i*form</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>pampinus</i> a tendril + <i>-form</i>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>In the form of tendrils; — applied especially to the spermatic and ovarian veins.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pam"pre</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>pampre</i> a vine branch, L. <i>pampinus</i>.] <i>(Sculp.)</i> <def>An ornament, composed of vine leaves and bunches of grapes, used for decorating spiral columns.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pam`pro*dac"tyl*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Pan-</i> + Gr. &?; forward + &?; finger.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Having all the toes turned forward, as the colies.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pan-</hw> (?), <hw>Pan"ta-</hw> (?), <hw>Pan"to-</hw> (?) }. [Gr. &?;, m., &?;,neut., gen. &?;, all.] <def>Combining forms signifying <i>all</i>, <i>every</i>; as, <i>pano</i>rama, <i>pan</i>theism, <i>panta</i>graph, <i>panto</i>graph. <i>Pan-</i> becomes <i>pam-</i> before <i>b</i> or <i>p</i>, as <i>pam</i>prodactylous.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pan</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. See 2d <u>Pane</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A part; a portion.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Fort.)</i> <def>The distance comprised between the angle of the epaule and the flanked angle.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> [Perh. a different word.] <def>A leaf of gold or silver.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pan</hw>, <pos><i>v. t. & i.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>pan</i> skirt, lappet, L. <i>pannus</i> a cloth, rag, W. <i>panu</i> to fur, to full.] <def>To join or fit together; to unite.</def> [Obs.] <i>Halliwell.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pan</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Hind. <i>p&amacr;n</i>, Skr. <i>parna</i> leaf.] <def>The betel leaf; also, the masticatory made of the betel leaf, etc. See <u>&?;etel</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pan</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., fr. Gr. &?;.] <i>(Gr. Myth.)</i> <def>The god of shepherds, guardian of bees, and patron of fishing and hunting. He is usually represented as having the head and trunk of a man, with the legs, horns, and tail of a goat, and as playing on the shepherd's pipe, which he is said to have invented.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pan</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>panne</i>, AS. <i>panne</i>; cf. D. <i>pan</i>, G. <i>pfanne</i>, OHG. <i>pfanna</i>, Icel., Sw., LL., & Ir. <i>panna</i>, of uncertain origin; cf. L. <i>patina</i>, E. <i>paten</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A shallow, open dish or vessel, usually of metal, employed for many domestic uses, as for setting milk for cream, for frying or baking food, etc.; also employed for various uses in manufacturing.</def> "A bowl or a <i>pan</i>." <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Manuf.)</i> <def>A closed vessel for boiling or evaporating. See <i>Vacuum pan</i>, under <u>Vacuum</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>The part of a flintlock which holds the priming.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>The skull, considered as a vessel containing the brain; the upper part of the head; the brainpan; the cranium.</def> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <i>(C&?;rp.)</i> <def>A recess, or bed, for the leaf of a hinge.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>The hard stratum of earth that lies below the soil. See <i>Hard pan</i>, under <u>Hard</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <def>A natural basin, containing salt or fresh water, or mud.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Flash in the pan</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Flash</u>.</cd> — <col><b>To savor of the pan</b></col>, <cd>to suggest the process of cooking or burning; in a theological sense, to be heretical.</cd> <i>Ridley. Southey.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pan</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Panned</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Panning</u>.] <i>(Mining)</i> <def>To separate, as gold, from dirt or sand, by washing in a kind of pan.</def> [U. S.]</p>

<p><blockquote>We . . . witnessed the process of cleaning up and <i>panning</i> out, which is the last process of separating the pure gold from the fine dirt and black sand.</blockquote> <i>Gen. W. T. Sherman.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pan</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Mining)</i> <def>To yield gold in, or as in, the process of panning; — usually with <i>out</i>; as, the gravel <i>panned</i> out richly.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To turn out (profitably or unprofitably); to result; to develop; as, the investigation, or the speculation, <i>panned</i> out poorly.</def> [Slang, U. S.]</p>

<p><hw>Pan"a*base</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Pan-</i> + <i>base</i>. So called in allusion to the number of metals contained in it.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Tetrahedrite</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pan`a*ce"a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; all-healing; &?;, &?;, all + &?; to heal.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A remedy for all diseases; a universal medicine; a cure-all; catholicon; hence, a relief or solace for affliction.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The herb allheal.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pan`a*ce"an</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having the properties of a panacea.</def> [R.] "<i>Panacean</i> dews." <i>Whitehead.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pa*nache"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., fr. L. <i>penna</i> a feather. See <u>Pen</u> a feather.] <def>A plume or bunch of feathers, esp. such a bunch worn on the helmet; any military plume, or ornamental group of feathers.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A <i>panache</i> of variegated plumes.</blockquote> <i>Prescott.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pa*na"da</hw> (?), <hw>Pa*nade"</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Sp. <i>panada</i>, fr. L. <i>panis</i> bread: cf. F. <i>panade</i>. See <u>Pantry</u>.] <def>Bread boiled in water to the consistence of pulp, and sweetened or flavored.</def> [Written also <i>panado</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Pa*nade"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A dagger.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pan`a*ma" hat`</hw> (?). <def>A fine plaited hat, made in Central America of the young leaves of a plant (<i>Carludovica palmata</i>).</def></p>

<p><hw>Pan`-A*mer"i*can</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See <u>Pan- </u>.] <def>Of or pertaining to both North and South America.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pan`-An"gli*can</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Pan-</i> + <i>Anglican</i>.] <i>(Eccl.)</i> <def>Belonging to, or representing, the whole Church of England; used less strictly, to include the Protestant Episcopal Church of the United States; as, the <i>Pan- Anglican</i> Conference at Lambeth, in 1888.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pan"a*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>panis</i> bread.] <def>Of or pertaining to bread or to breadmaking.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pan"a*ry</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A storehouse for bread.</def> <i>Halliwell.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pan"cake`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A thin cake of batter fried in a pan or on a griddle; a griddlecake; a flapjack.</def> "A <i>pancake</i> for Shrove Tuesday." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pan"carte`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., fr. LL. <i>pancharta</i>. See <u>Pan-</u>, and <u>Carte</u>.] <def>A royal charter confirming to a subject all his possessions.</def> [Obs.] <i>Holinshed.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pance</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The pansy.</def> [Also <i>paunce</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Panch</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>See <u>Paunch</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Panch"way</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Hind. <i>pan&?;oi</i>.] <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>A Bengalese four-oared boat for passengers.</def> [Written also <i>panshway</i> and <i>paunchwas</i>.] <i>Malcom.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pan*cra"tian</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pancratic; athletic.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pan*cra"ti*ast</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who engaged in the contests of the pancratium.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pan*cra`ti*as"tic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to the pancratium.</def> <i>G. West.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pan*crat"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; all- powerful.] <i>(Opt.)</i> <def>Having all or many degrees of power; having a great range of power; — said of an eyepiece made adjustable so as to give a varying magnifying power.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pan*crat"ic</hw> (?), <hw>Pan*crat"ic*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See <u>Pancratium</u>.] <def>Of or pertaining to the pancratium; athletic.</def> <i>Sir T. Browne</i></p>

<p><hw>Pan"cra*tist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>An athlete; a gymnast.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pan*cra"ti*um</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., fr. Gr. &?; a complete contest, fr. &?; all-powerful; &?;, &?;, all + &?; strength.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Gr. Antiq.)</i> <def>An athletic contest involving both boxing and wrestling.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A genus of Old World amaryllideous bulbous plants, having a funnel-shaped perianth with six narrow spreading lobes. The American species are now placed in the related genus <i>Hymenocallis</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pan"cre*as</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?;; &?;, &?;, all + &?; flesh, meat: cf. F. <i>pancr&eacute;as</i>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>The sweetbread, a gland connected with the intestine of nearly all vertebrates. It is usually elongated and light-colored, and its secretion, called the pancreatic juice, is discharged, often together with the bile, into the upper part of the intestines, and is a powerful aid in digestion. See <i>Illust.</i> of <i>Digestive apparatus</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pan`cre*at"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>pancr&eacute;atique</i>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to the pancreas; as, the <i>pancreatic</i> secretion, digestion, ferments.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Pancreatic juice</b></col> <i>(Physiol.)</i>, <cd>a colorless alkaline fluid secreted intermittently by the pancreatic gland. It is one of the most important of the digestive fluids, containing at least three distinct ferments, trypsin, steapsin and an amylolytic ferment, by which it acts upon all three classes of food stuffs. See <u>Pancreas</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pan"cre*a*tin</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Pancreas</u>.] <i>(Physiol. Chem.)</i> <def>One of the digestive ferments of the pancreatic juice; also, a preparation containing such a ferment, made from the pancreas of animals, and used in medicine as an aid to digestion.</def></p>

<p>&fist; By some the term <i>pancreatin</i> is restricted to the amylolytic ferment of the pancreatic juice, by others it is applied to trypsin, and by still others to <i>steapsin</i>.</p>

<p><hw>Pan"cy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Pansy</u>.</def> [Obs.] <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pan"da</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A small Asiatic mammal (<i>Ailurus fulgens</i>) having fine soft fur. It is related to the bears, and inhabits the mountains of Northern India.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pan*da"nus</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Malay <i>pandan</i>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A genus of endogenous plants. See <u>Screw pine</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pan"dar</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Pander</u>.</def> "Seized by the <i>pandar</i> of Appius." <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pan"dar*ism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Panderism</u>.</def> <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pan"dar*ize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To pander.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Pan"dar*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Panderous.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Pan*de"an</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [From 4th <u>Pan</u>.] <def>Of or relating to the god Pan.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Pandean pipes</b></col>, <cd>a primitive wind instrument, consisting of a series of short hollow reeds or pipes, graduated in length by the musical scale, and fastened together side by side; a syrinx; a mouth organ; — said to have been invented by Pan. Called also <i>Pan's pipes</i> and <i>Panpipes</i>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pan"dect</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>pandecta</i>, <i>pandectes</i>, Gr. &?; all-receiving, all-containing; &?;, &?;, all + &?; to receive: cf. F. <i>pandectes</i>, pl.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A treatise which comprehends the whole of any science.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>[Thou] a <i>pandect</i> mak'st, and universal book.</blockquote> <i>Donne.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>pl.</i> <def>The digest, or abridgment, in fifty books, of the decisions, writings, and opinions of the old Roman jurists, made in the sixth century by direction of the emperor Justinian, and forming the leading compilation of the Roman civil law.</def> <i>Kent.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pan*dem"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>pandemus</i>, Gr. &?;, &?;; &?;, &?;, all + &?; the people: cf. F. <i>pand&eacute;mique</i>.] <def>Affecting a whole people or a number of countries; everywhere epidemic.</def> — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A pandemic disease.</def> <i>Harvey.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pan`de*mo"ni*um</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., from Gr. &?;, &?;, all + &?; a demon.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The great hall or council chamber of demons or evil spirits.</def> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>An utterly lawless, riotous place or assemblage.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pan"der</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From <i>Pandarus</i>, a leader in the Trojan army, who is represented by Chaucer and Shakespeare as having procured for Troilus the possession of Cressida.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A male bawd; a pimp; a procurer.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Thou art the <i>pander</i> to her dishonor.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Hence, one who ministers to the evil designs and passions of another.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Those wicked <i>panders</i> to avarice and ambition.</blockquote> <i>Burke.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pan"der</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Pandered</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Pandering</u>.] <def>To play the pander for.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pan"der</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To act the part of a pander.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pan"der*age</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The act of pandering.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pan"der*ism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The employment, arts, or practices of a pander.</def> <i>Bp. Hall.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pan"der*ly</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having the quality of a pander.</def> "O, you <i>panderly</i> rascals." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pan*der"mite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From <i>Panderma</i>, a port on the Black Sea from which it is exported.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>A hydrous borate of lime, near priceite.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pan"der*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or relating to a pander; characterizing a pander.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pan*dic"u*la`ted</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See <u>Pandiculation</u>.] <def>Extended; spread out; stretched.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pan*dic`u*la"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>pandiculari</i> to stretch one's self, fr. <i>pandere</i> to spread out.] <def>A stretching and stiffening of the trunk and extremities, as when fatigued and drowsy.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pan"dit</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Pundit</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pan"door</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Pandour</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pan*do"ra</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., fr. Gr. <grk>Pandw`ra</grk>; <grk>pa^s</grk>, <grk>pa^n</grk>, all + <grk>dw^ron</grk> a gift.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Class. Myth.)</i> <def>A beautiful woman (<i>all-gifted</i>), whom Jupiter caused Vulcan to make out of clay in order to punish the human race, because Prometheus had stolen the fire from heaven. Jupiter gave Pandora a box containing all human ills, which, when the box was opened, escaped and spread over the earth. Hope alone remained in the box. Another version makes the box contain all the blessings of the gods, which were lost to men when Pandora opened it.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A genus of marine bivalves, in which one valve is flat, the other convex.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pan"dore</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. See <u>Bandore</u>.] <def>An ancient musical instrument, of the lute kind; a bandore.</def> [Written also <i>pandoran</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Pan"dour</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One of a class of Hungarian mountaineers serving in the Austrian army; — so called from <i>Pandur</i>, a principal town in the region from which they originally came.</def> [Written also <i>pandoor</i>.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Her whiskered <i>pandours</i> and her fierce hussars.</blockquote> <i>Campbell.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pan*dow"dy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A deep pie or pudding made of baked apples, or of sliced bread and apples baked together, with no bottom crust.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pan"du*rate</hw>, <hw>Pan*du"ri*form</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>pandura</i> a pandore + <i>-form</i>: cf. F. <i>panduriforme</i>.] <def>Obovate, with a concavity in each side, like the body of a violin; fiddle-shaped; as, a <i>panduriform</i> leaf; <i>panduriform</i> color markings of an animal.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pane</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>panne</i>.] <def>The narrow edge of a hammer head. See <u>Peen</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pane</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>pan</i> part, portion of a thing, F. <i>pan</i> a skirt, lappet, part or piece of a wall, side, fr. L. <i>pannus</i> a cloth, fillet, rag; akin to E. <i>vane</i>. See <u>Vane</u>, and cf. <u>Panel</u>, <u>Pawn</u> pledge.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A division; a distinct piece, limited part, or compartment of any surface; a patch; hence, a square of a checkered or plaided pattern.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>One of the openings in a slashed garment, showing the bright colored silk, or the like, within; hence, the piece of colored or other stuff so shown.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Arch.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A compartment of a surface, or a flat space; hence, one side or face of a building; as, an octagonal tower is said to have eight <i>panes</i>.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>Especially, in modern use, the glass in one compartment of a window sash.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>In irrigating, a subdivision of an irrigated surface between a feeder and an outlet drain.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>One of the flat surfaces, or facets, of any object having several sides.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>One of the eight facets surrounding the table of a brilliant cut diamond.</def></p>

<p><hw>Paned</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Having panes; provided with panes; also, having openings; as, a <i>paned</i> window; <i>paned</i> window sash.</def> "<i>Paned</i> hose." <i>Massinger.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Mach.)</i> <def>Having flat sides or surfaces; as, a six&?;<i>paned</i> nut.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pan`e*gyr"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>panegyricus</i>, Gr. <grk>panhgyrico`s</grk>: cf. F. <i>pan&eacute;gyrique</i>. See <u>Panegyric</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <def>An oration or eulogy in praise of some person or achievement; a formal or elaborate encomium; a laudatory discourse; laudation. See Synonym of <u>Eulogy</u>.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pan`e*gyr"ic</hw> (?), <hw>Pan`e*gyr"ic*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>panegyricus</i>, Gr. <grk>panhgyrico`s</grk>, from &?; an assembly of the people, a high festival; <grk>pa^</grk>, <grk>pa^n</grk> all + &?;, an assembly.] <def>Containing praise or eulogy; encomiastic; laudatory.</def> "<i>Panegyric</i> strains." <i>Pope.</i> — <wf>Pan`e*gyr"ic*al*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><blockquote>Some of his odes are <i>panegyrical</i>.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pa*neg"y*ris</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?;. See <u>Panegyric</u>.] <def>A festival; a public assembly.</def> [Obs.] <i>S. Harris.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pan"e*gyr`ist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>panegyrista</i>, Gr. &?; one who attends a &?;: cf. &?; to celebrate or attend a public festival, to make a set speech, esp. a panegyric, in a public assembly. See <u>Panegyric</u>.] <def>One who delivers a panegyric; a eulogist; one who extols or praises, either by writing or speaking.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>If these <i>panegyrists</i> are in earnest.</blockquote> <i>Burke.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pan"e*gy*rize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Panegyrized</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Panegyrizing</u> (?).] [Gr. &?;. See <u>Panegyrist</u>.] <def>To praise highly; to extol in a public speech; to write or deliver a panegyric upon; to eulogize.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pan"e*gy*rize</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To indulge in panegyrics.</def> <i>Mitford.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pan"e*gyr`y</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A panegyric.</def> [Obs.] <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pan"el</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Orig., a little piece; OF. <i>panel</i>, <i>pannel</i>, F. <i>panneau</i>, dim. of <i>pan</i> skirt, lappet, part or piece of a wall, side. See 2d <u>Pane</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>A sunken compartment with raised margins, molded or otherwise, as in ceilings, wainscotings, etc.</def></p>

<p><! p. 1036 !></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Law)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A piece of parchment or a schedule, containing the names of persons summoned as jurors by the sheriff; hence, more generally, the whole jury.</def> <i>Blackstone.</i> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <i>(Scots Law)</i> <def>A prisoner arraigned for trial at the bar of a criminal court.</def> <i>Burrill.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Formerly, a piece of cloth serving as a saddle; hence, a soft pad beneath a saddletree to prevent chafing.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Joinery)</i> <def>A board having its edges inserted in the groove of a surrounding frame; as, the <i>panel</i> of a door.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <i>(Masonry)</i> <def>One of the faces of a hewn stone.</def> <i>Gwilt.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <i>(Painting)</i> <def>A slab or plank of wood upon which, instead of canvas, a picture is painted.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <i>(Mining)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A heap of dressed ore.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>One of the districts divided by pillars of extra size, into which a mine is laid off in one system of extracting coal.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>8.</b></sn> <i>(Dressmaking)</i> <def>A plain strip or band, as of velvet or plush, placed at intervals lengthwise on the skirt of a dress, for ornament.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>9.</b></sn> <def>A portion of a framed structure between adjacent posts or struts, as in a bridge truss.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Panel game</b></col>, <cd>a method of stealing money in a panel house.</cd> — <col><b>Panel house</b></col>, <cd>a house of prostitution in which the rooms have secret entrances to facilitate theft by accomplices of the inmates.</cd> — <col><b>Panel saw</b></col>, <cd>handsaw with fine teeth, — used for cutting out panels, etc.</cd> — <col><b>Panel thief</b></col>, <cd>one who robs in a panel house.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pan"el</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Paneled</u> (?) or <u>Panelled</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Paneling</u> or <u>Panelling</u>.] <def>To form in or with panels; as, to <i>panel</i> a wainscot.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Paneled back</b></col> <i>(Arch.)</i>, <cd>the paneled work covering the window back. See <u>Window back</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pan`el*a"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The act of impaneling a jury.</def> [Obs.] [Written also <i>panellation</i>.] <i>Wood.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pane"less</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Without panes.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>To patch his <i>paneless</i> window.</blockquote> <i>Shenstone.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pan"el*ing</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A forming in panels; panelwork.</def> [Written also <i>panelling</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Pan"el*work`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>Wainscoting.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pan*eu"lo*gism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Pan-</u>, <u>Eulogy</u>.] <def>Eulogy of everything; indiscriminate praise.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Her book has a trace of the cant of <i>paneulogism</i>.</blockquote> <i>National Rev.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pan"ful</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Panfuls</b></plw> (#). [See 5th <u>Pan</u>.] <def>Enough to fill a pan.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pang</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Prob. for older <i>prange</i>. Cf. <u>Prong</u>.] <def>A paroxysm of extreme pain or anguish; a sudden and transitory agony; a throe; as, the <i>pangs</i> of death.</def></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Agony; anguish; distress. See <u>Agony</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Pang</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To torture; to cause to have great pain or suffering; to torment.</def> [R.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pan*gen"e*sis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Pan-</i> + <i>genesis</i>.] <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>An hypothesis advanced by Darwin in explanation of heredity.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The theory rests on the assumption, that the whole organization, in the sense of every separate atom or unit, reproduces itself, the cells throwing off minute granules called <i>gemmules</i>, which circulate freely throughout the system and multiply by subdivision. These gemmules collect in the reproductive organs and products, or in buds, so that the egg or bud contains gemmules from all parts of the parent or parents, which in development give rise to cells in the offspring similar to those from which they were given off in the parent. The hypothesis also assumes that these gemmules need not in all cases develop into cells, but may lie dormant, and be transmitted from generation to generation without producing a noticeable effect until a case of atavism occurs.</p>

<p><hw>Pan`ge*net"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to pangenesis.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pang"ful</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Full of pangs.</def> <i>Richardson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pang"less</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Without a pang; painless.</def> <i>Byron.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pan"go*lin</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Malay <i>pang&?;lang</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any one of several species of <i>Manis</i>, <i>Pholidotus</i>, and related genera, found in Africa and Asia. They are covered with imbricated scales, and feed upon ants. Called also <i>scaly ant-eater</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pan*goth"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Pan-</i> + <i>Gothic</i>.] <def>Of, pertaining to, or including, all the Gothic races.</def> "Ancestral <i>Pangothic</i> stock." <i>Earle.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pan`hel*len"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See <u>Panhellenium</u>.] <def>Of or pertaining to all Greece, or to Panhellenism; including all Greece, or all the Greeks.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pan*hel"len*ism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A scheme to unite all the Greeks in one political body.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pan*hel"len*ist</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>An advocate of Panhellenism.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pan`hel*le"ni*um</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., from Gr. &?;; &?;, &?;, all + &?; the Greeks.] <i>(Gr. Antiq.)</i> <def>An assembly or association of Greeks from all the states of Greece.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pan"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>panicum</i>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A plant of the genus <i>Panicum</i>; panic grass; also, the edible grain of some species of panic grass.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Panic grass</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>any grass of the genus <i>Panicum</i>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pan"ic</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; of or pertaining to &?; Pan, to whom the causing of sudden fright was ascribed: cf. F. <i>panique</i>.] <def>Extreme or sudden and causeless; unreasonable; - - said of fear or fright; as, <i>panic</i> fear, terror, alarm.</def> "A <i>panic</i> fright." <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pan"ic</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; (with or without &?; fear): cf. F. <i>panigue</i>. See <u>Panic</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A sudden, overpowering fright; esp., a sudden and groundless fright; terror inspired by a trifling cause or a misapprehension of danger; as, the troops were seized with a <i>panic</i>; they fled in a <i>panic</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>By extension: A sudden widespread fright or apprehension concerning financial affairs.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pan"ic*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Panic</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos></def> [Obs.] <i>Camden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pan"i*cle</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>panicula</i> a tuft on plants, dim. of <i>panus</i> the thread wound upon the bobbin in a shuttle; cf. Gr. &?;, &?;; prob. akin to E. <i>pane</i>: cf. F. <i>panicule</i>. See 2d <u>Pane</u>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A pyramidal form of inflorescence, in which the cluster is loosely branched below and gradually simpler toward the end.</def> </p>

<p><hw>Pan"i*cled</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Furnished with panicles; arranged in, or like, panicles; paniculate.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pan"ic-strick`en</hw> (?), <hw>Pan"ic-struck`</hw> (?) }, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Struck with a panic, or sudden fear.</def> <i>Burke.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pa*nic"u*late</hw> (?), <hw>Pa*nic"u*la`ted</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See <u>Panicle</u>.] <i>(Bot)</i> <def>Same as <u>Panicled</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pan"i*cum</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., panic grass.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A genus of grasses, including several hundred species, some of which are valuable; panic grass.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pan*id`i*o*mor"phic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Pan-</i> + <i>idiomorphic</i>.] <i>(Geol.)</i> <def>Having a completely idiomorphic structure; — said of certain rocks.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pan"ier</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Pannier</u>, 3.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Pan`i*fi*ca"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>panis</i> bread + <i>-ficare</i> (in comp.) to make: cf. F. <i>panification</i>.] <def>The act or process of making bread.</def> <i>Ure.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pa"nim</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Painim</u>.</def> [Obs.] <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pan*is"lam*ism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Pan-</i> + <i>Islamism</i>.] <def>A desire or plan for the union of all Mohammedan nations for the conquest of the world.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa*niv"o*rous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>panis</i> bread + <i>vorare</i> to devour.] <def>Eating bread; subsisting on bread.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pan*nade"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The curvet of a horse.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pan"nage</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>pasnage</i>, LL. <i>pasnadium</i>, <i>pastinaticum</i>, fr. <i>pastionare</i> to feed on mast, as swine, fr. L. <i>pastio</i> a pasturing, grazing. See <u>Pastor</u>.] <i>(O. Eng. Law)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The food of swine in the woods, as beechnuts, acorns, etc.; — called also <i>pawns</i>.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A tax paid for the privilege of feeding swine in the woods.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pan"na*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Panary</u>.</def> <i>Loudon.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pan"nel</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Panel</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A kind of rustic saddle.</def> <i>Tusser.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Falconry)</i> <def>The stomach of a hawk.</def> <i>Ainsworth.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Mil.)</i> <def>A carriage for conveying a mortar and its bed, on a march.</def> <i>Farrow.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pan"nier</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>panier</i>, fr. L. <i>panarium</i> a bread basket, fr. <i>panis</i> bread. Cf. <u>Pantry</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A bread basket; also, a wicker basket (used commonly in pairs) for carrying fruit or other things on a horse or an ass</def> <i>Hudibras.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Mil. Antiq.)</i> <def>A shield of basket work formerly used by archers as a shelter from the enemy's missiles.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A table waiter at the Inns of Court, London.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>A framework of steel or whalebone, worn by women to expand their dresses; a kind of bustle.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pan"niered</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Bearing panniers.</def> <i>Wordsworth.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pan"ni*kel</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Pan</u> a dish.] <def>The brainpan, or skull; hence, the crest.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pan"ni*kin</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Dim. of <i>pan</i> a dish.] <def>A small pan or cup.</def> <i>Marryat. Thackeray.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pan"nose`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See <u>Pannus</u>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Similar in texture or appearance to felt or woolen cloth.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pan"nus</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., cloth. See 2d <u>Pane</u>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>A very vascular superficial opacity of the cornea, usually caused by granulation of the eyelids.</def> <i>Foster.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pan`o*is"tic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Pan-</i> + Gr. &?; an egg.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Producing ova only; — said of the ovaries of certain insects which do not produce vitelligenous cells.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pan`om*phe"an</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>panomphaeus</i>, Gr. &?;.] <def>Uttering ominous or prophetic voices; divining.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>We want no half gods, <i>panomphean</i> Joves.</blockquote> <i>Mrs. Browning.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pan"o*plied</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Dressed in panoply.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pan"o*ply</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;; &?;, &?;, all + &?; tool, implement, in pl., armor, arms.] <def>Defensive armor in general; a full suit of defensive armor.</def> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>We had need to take the Christian <i>panoply</i>, to put on the whole armor of God.</blockquote> <i>Ray.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pa*nop"ti*con</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Pan- </u>, and <u>Optic</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A prison so contructed that the inspector can see each of the prisoners at all times, without being seen.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A room for the exhibition of novelties.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pan`o*ra"ma</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, &?;, all + &?; that which is seen, a view, fr. &?; to see. See <u>Pan- </u>, and <u>Wary</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A complete view in every direction.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A picture presenting a view of objects in every direction, as from a central point.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A picture representing scenes too extended to be beheld at once, and so exhibited a part at a time, by being unrolled, and made to pass continuously before the spectator.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pan`o*ram"ic</hw> (?), <hw>Pan`o*ram"ic*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of, pertaining to, or like, a panorama.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Panoramic camera</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Camera</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pa*nor"pi*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Like, or pertaining to, the genus <i>Panorpa</i>.</def> — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Panorpid</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa*nor"pid</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any neuropterous insect of the genus <i>Panorpa</i>, and allied genera. The larv&aelig; feed on plant lice.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pan*phar"ma*con</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Pan- </u>, and <u>Pharmacon</u>.] <def>A medicine for all diseases; a panacea.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Pan`pres`by*te"ri*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Pan- </i> + <i>Presbyterian</i>.] <def>Belonging to, or representative of, those who hold Presbyterian views in all parts of the world; as, a <i>Panpresbyterian</i> council.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pan`sclav"ic</hw> (?), <hw>Pan`sclav"ism</hw> (?), <hw>Pan`sclav"ist</hw>, <hw>Pan`scla*vo"ni*an</hw> (?) }. <def>See <u>Panslavic</u>, <u>Panslavism</u>, etc.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pan"shon</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>An earthen vessel wider at the top than at the bottom, — used for holding milk and for various other purposes.</def> [Prov. Eng.] <i>Halliwell.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pan"sied</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [From <u>Pansy</u>.] <def>Covered or adorned with pansies.</def> "The <i>pansied</i> grounds." <i>Darwin.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pan`slav"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Pan-</i> + <i>Slavic</i>.] <def>Pertaining to all the Slavic races.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pan`slav"ism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A scheme or desire to unite all the Slavic races into one confederacy.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pan`slav"ist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who favors Panslavism.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pan`sla*vo"ni*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Panslavic</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pan*soph"ic*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See <u>Pansophy</u>.] <def>All-wise; claiming universal knowledge; as, <i>pansophical</i> pretenders.</def> [R.] <i>John Worthington.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pan"so*phy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Pan-</i> + Gr. &?; wisdom, &?; wise: cf. F. <i>pansophie</i>.] <def>Universal wisdom; esp., a system of universal knowledge proposed by Comenius (1592 — 1671), a Moravian educator.</def> [R.] <i>Hartlib.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pan*sper"ma*tist</hw> (?), <hw>Pan"sper`mist</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>A believer in panspermy; one who rejects the theory of spontaneous generation; a biogenist.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pan`sper"mic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to panspermy; as, the <i>panspermic</i> hypothesis.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pan"sper`my</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Pan-</i> + Gr. &?; a seed.] <i>(Biol.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The doctrine of the widespread distribution of germs, from which under favorable circumstances bacteria, vibrios, etc., may develop.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The doctrine that all organisms must come from living parents; biogenesis; — the opposite of <i>spontaneous generation</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pan*ste`re*o*ra"ma</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, &?;, all + &?; solid + &?; a view.] <def>A model of a town or country, in relief, executed in wood, cork, pasteboard, or the like.</def> <i>Brande & C.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pan"sy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Pansies</b></plw> (#). [F. <i>Pens&eacute;e</i> thought, pansy, fr. <i>penser</i> to think, L. <i>pensare</i> to weigh, ponder. See <u>Pensive</u>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A plant of the genus Viola (<i>V. tricolor</i>) and its blossom, originally purple and yellow. Cultivated varieties have very large flowers of a great diversity of colors. Called also <i>heart's-ease</i>, <i>love-in-idleness</i>, and many other quaint names.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pant</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Panted</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Panting</u>.] [Cf. F. <i>panteler</i> to gasp for breath, OF. <i>panteisier</i> to be breathless, F. <i>pantois</i> out of breath; perh. akin to E. <i>phantom</i>, the verb prob. orig. meaning, to have the nightmare.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To breathe quickly or in a labored manner, as after exertion or from eagerness or excitement; to respire with heaving of the breast; to gasp.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Pluto <i>plants</i> for breath from out his cell.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Hence: To long eagerly; to desire earnestly.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>As the hart <i>panteth</i> after the water brooks.</blockquote> <i>Ps. xlii. 1.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Who <i>pants</i> for glory finds but short repose.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To beat with unnatural violence or rapidity; to palpitate, or throb; — said of the heart.</def> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To sigh; to flutter; to languish.</def> [Poetic]</p>

<p><blockquote>The whispering breeze<BR> <i>Pants</i> on the leaves, and dies upon the trees.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pant</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To breathe forth quickly or in a labored manner; to gasp out.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>There is a cavern where my spirit<BR> Was <i>panted</i> forth in anguish.</blockquote> <i>Shelley.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To long for; to be eager after.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Then shall our hearts <i>pant</i> thee.</blockquote> <i>Herbert.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pant</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A quick breathing; a catching of the breath; a gasp.</def> <i>Drayton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A violent palpitation of the heart.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pan"ta-</hw> (?). <def>See <u>Pan-</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pan"ta*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Pantofle</u>.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Pan"ta*cosm</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Panta-</i> + Gr. <grk>ko`smos</grk> universe.] <def>See <u>Cosmolabe</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pan"ta*graph</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Pantograph</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pan*tag"ru*el*ism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From <i>Pantagruel</i>, one of the characters of Rabelais.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The theory or practice of the medical profession; — used in burlesque or ridicule.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>An assumption of buffoonery to cover some serious purpose.</def> [R.] <i>Donaldson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pan`ta*let"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Dim. of <i>pantaloon</i>.] <def>One of the legs of the loose drawers worn by children and women; particularly, the lower part of such a garment, coming below the knee, often made in a separate piece; — chiefly in the plural.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pan`ta*loon"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>pantalon</i>, fr. It. <i>pantalone</i>, a masked character in the Italian comedy, who wore breeches and stockings that were all of one piece, from <i>Pantaleone</i>, the patron saint of Venice, which, as a baptismal name, is very frequent among the Venetians, and is applied to them by the other Italians as a nickname, fr. Gr. &?;, lit., all lion, a Greek personal name.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A ridiculous character, or an old dotard, in the Italian comedy; also, a buffoon in pantomimes.</def> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The sixth age shifts<BR> Into the lean and slippered <i>pantaloon</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>pl.</i> <def>A bifurcated garment for a man, covering the body from the waist downwards, and consisting of breeches and stockings in one.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>pl.</i> <def>In recent times, same as <u>Trousers</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pan`ta*loon"er*y</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The character or performances of a pantaloon; buffoonery.</def> [R.] <i>Lamb.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Materials for pantaloons.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pan"ta*morph</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>That which assumes, or exists in, all forms.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pan`ta*mor"phic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Panta-</i> + Gr. &?; form.] <def>Taking all forms.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pan"ta*scope</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Panta-</i> + <i>-scope</i>.] <i>(Photog.)</i> <def>A pantascopic camera.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pan`ta*scop"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Viewing all; taking a view of the whole. See under <u>Camera</u>.</def></p>

<p><! p. 1037 !></p>

<p><hw>||Pan`ta*stom"a*ta</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, &?;, all + &?;, &?;, mouth.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of the divisions of Flagellata, including the monads and allied forms.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pan*tech"ni*con</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Pan- </u>, and <u>Technic</u>.] <def>A depository or place where all sorts of manufactured articles are collected for sale.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pan*tel"e*graph</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Pan-</i> + <i>telegraph</i>.] <def>See under <u>Telegraph</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pant"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who pants.</def> <i>Congreve.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pan"ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>[F. <i>panetier</i>. See <u>Pantry</u>.] <def>A keeper of the pantry; a pantler.</def> [Obs.] <i>Tyndale.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pan"ter</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Painter</u> a rope.] <def>A net; a noose.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pan`teu*ton"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Pan-</i> + <i>Teutonic</i>.] <def>Of or pertaining to all the Teutonic races.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pan"the*ism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Pan-</i> + <i>theism</i>.] <def>The doctrine that the universe, taken or conceived of as a whole, is God; the doctrine that there is no God but the combined force and laws which are manifested in the existing universe; cosmotheism.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pan"the*ist</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who holds to pantheism.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pan`the*is"tic</hw> (?), <hw>Pan`the*is"tic*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to pantheism; founded in, or leading to, pantheism.</def> — <wf>Pan`the*is"tic*al*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Pan`the*ol"o*gist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One versed in pantheology.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pan`the*ol"o*gy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Pan-</i> + <i>theology</i>.] <def>A system of theology embracing all religions; a complete system of theology.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pan*the"on</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>pantheon</i>, <i>pantheum</i>, Gr. &?; (sc. &?;), fr. &?; of all gods; &?;, &?;, all + &?; a god: cf. F. <i>panth&eacute;on</i>. See <u>Pan-</u>, and <u>Theism</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A temple dedicated to all the gods; especially, the building so called at Rome.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The collective gods of a people, or a work treating of them; as, a divinity of the Greek <i>pantheon</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pan"ther</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>pantere</i>, F. <i>panth&egrave;re</i>, L. <i>panthera</i>, Gr. &?;, prob. fr. Skr. <i>pundr&imacr;ka</i> a tiger.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A large dark-colored variety of the leopard, by some zo&ouml;logists considered a distinct species. It is marked with large ringlike spots, the centers of which are darker than the color of the body.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>In America, the name is applied to the puma, or cougar, and sometimes to the jaguar.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Panther cat</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the ocelot.</cd> — <col><b>Panther cowry</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a spotted East Indian cowry (<i>Cypr&aelig;a pantherina</i>); — so called from its color.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pan"ther*ess</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A female panther.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pan"ther*ine</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Like a panther, esp. in color; as, the <i>pantherine</i> snake (<i>Ptyas mucosus</i>) of Brazil.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pan"tile`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [5th <i>pan + tile</i>.] <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>A roofing tile, of peculiar form, having a transverse section resembling an elongated S laid on its side (&?;).</def></p>

<p><hw>Pant"ing*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>With palpitation or rapid breathing.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pan`ti*soc"ra*cy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Panto-</i> + Gr. &?; equal + &?; to rule.] <def>A Utopian community, in which all should rule equally, such as was devised by Coleridge, Lovell, and Southey, in their younger days.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pan*tis"o*crat</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A pantisocratist.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pan`ti*so*crat"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to a pantisocracy.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pan`ti*soc"ra*tist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who favors or supports the theory of a pantisocracy.</def> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pan"tler</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>panetier</i>. See <u>Panter</u>, <u>Pantry</u>.] <def>The servant or officer, in a great family, who has charge of the bread and the pantry.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pan"to-</hw> (?). <def>See <u>Pan-</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pan`to*chro*nom"e*ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Panto- </i> + <i>chronometer</i>.] <def>An instrument combining a compass, sundial, and universal time dial.</def> <i>Brande & C.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pan*to"fle</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>pantoufle</i>.] <def>A slipper for the foot.</def> [Written also <i>pantable</i> and <i>pantoble</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Pan"to*graph</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Panto-</i> + <i>-graph</i>: cf. F. <i>pantographe</i>.] <def>An instrument for copying plans, maps, and other drawings, on the same, or on a reduced or an enlarged, scale.</def> [Written also <i>pantagraph</i>, and incorrectly <i>pentagraph</i>.]</p>

<p><col><b>Skew pantograph</b></col>, <cd>a kind of pantograph for drawing a copy which is inclined with respect to the original figure; — also called <i>plagiograph</i>.</cd></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pan`to*graph"ic</hw> (?), <hw>Pan`to*graph"ic*al</hw> (?) }, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>pantographique</i>.] <def>Of or pertaining to a pantograph; relating to pantography.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pan*tog"ra*phy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>pantographie</i>.] <def>A general description; entire view of an object.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pan`to*log"ic*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to pantology.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pan*tol"o*gist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One versed in pantology; a writer of pantology.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pan*tol"o*gy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Panto-</i> + <i>-logy</i>.] <def>A systematic view of all branches of human knowledge; a work of universal information.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pan*tom"e*ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Panto-</i> + <i>-meter</i>: cf. F. <i>pantom&egrave;tre</i>.] <def>An instrument for measuring angles for determining elevations, distances, etc.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pan*tom"e*try</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Universal measurement.</def> [R.] — <wf>Pan`to*met"ric</wf> (#), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Pan"to*mime</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., fr. L. <i>pantomimus</i>, Gr. &?;, lit., all-imitating; &?;, &?;, all + &?; to imitate: cf. It. <i>pantomimo</i>. See <u>Mimic</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A universal mimic; an actor who assumes many parts; also, any actor.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>One who acts his part by gesticulation or dumb show only, without speaking; a pantomimist.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>[He] saw a <i>pantomime</i> perform so well that he could follow the performance from the action alone.</blockquote> <i>Tylor.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A dramatic representation by actors who use only dumb show; hence, dumb show, generally.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>A dramatic and spectacular entertainment of which dumb acting as well as burlesque dialogue, music, and dancing by Clown, Harlequin, etc., are features.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pan"to*mime</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Representing only in mute actions; pantomimic; as, a <i>pantomime</i> dance.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pan`to*mim"ic</hw> (?), <hw>Pan`to*mim"ic*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>pantomimique</i>.] <def>Of or pertaining to the pantomime; representing by dumb show.</def> "<i>Pantomimic</i> gesture." <i>Bp. Warburton.</i> — <wf>Pan`to*mim"ic*al*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Pan"to*mi`mist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>An actor in pantomime; also, a composer of pantomimes.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pan"ton</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>patin</i>. See <u>Patten</u>.] <i>(Far.)</i> <def>A horseshoe to correct a narrow, hoofbound heel.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pan*toph"a*gist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Pantophagous</u>.] <def>A person or an animal that has the habit of eating all kinds of food.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pan*toph"a*gous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;; &?;, &?;, all + &?; to eat.] <def>Eating all kinds of food.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pan*toph"a*gy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;.] <def>The habit or power of eating all kinds of food.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pan*top"o*da</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Panto-</u>, & <u>-poda</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Pycnogonida</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pan`to*scop"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Panto-</i> + <i>-scope</i> + <i>-ic</i>.] <def>Literally, seeing everything; — a term applied to eyeglasses or spectacles divided into two segments, the upper being designed for distant vision, the lower for vision of near objects.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pan"try</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Pantries</b></plw> (#). [OE. <i>pantrie</i>, F. <i>paneterie</i>, fr. <i>panetier</i> pantler, LL. <i>panetarius</i> baker, <i>panetus</i> small loaf of bread, L. <i>panis</i> bread. Cf. <u>Company</u>, <u>Pannier</u>, <u>Pantler</u>.] <def>An apartment or closet in which bread and other provisions are kept.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pan*ur"gic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. Gr. &?; knavish.] <def>Skilled in all kinds of work.</def> "The <i>panurgic</i> Diderot." <i>J. Morley.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pan"ur*gy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;, fr. &?;, properly, ready to do anything; hence, knavish, roguish; &?;, &?;, all + &?; work.] <def>Skill in all kinds of work or business; craft.</def> [R.] <i>Bailey.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pan"yard</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Pannier</u>.</def> [Obs.] <i>Pepys.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pa"nym</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. & a.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Panim</u>.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Pan*zo"ism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Pan-</i> + Gr. &?; an animal.] <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>A term used to denote all of the elements or factors which constitute vitality or vital energy.</def> <i>H. Spencer.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Pa"o*lo</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [It. Cf. <u>Paul</u>.] <def>An old Italian silver coin, worth about ten cents.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pap</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. OSw. <i>papp</i>. Cf. <u>Pap</u> soft food.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>A nipple; a mammilla; a teat.</def> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>paps</i> which thou hast sucked.</blockquote> <i>Luke xi. 27.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A rounded, nipplelike hill or peak; anything resembling a nipple in shape; a mamelon.</def> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pap</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. D. <i>pap</i>, G. <i>pappe</i>, both perh. fr. L. <i>papa</i>, <i>pappa</i>, the word with which infants call for food: cf. It. <i>pappa</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A soft food for infants, made of bread boiled or softtened in milk or water.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Nourishment or support from official patronage; as, <i>treasury</i> pap.</def> [Colloq. & Contemptuous]</p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>The pulp of fruit.</def> <i>Ainsworth.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pap</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To feed with pap.</def> <i>Beau. & Fl.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pa*pa"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>papa</i>, L. <i>papa</i>; cf. Gr. &?;, &?;, a child's word meaning father. Cf. <u>Pope</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A child's word for father.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A parish priest in the Greek Church.</def> <i>Shipley.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pa`pa*bo"te</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Probably of Creole origin.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The upland plover.</def> [Local, U. S.]</p>

<p><hw>Pa"pa*cy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [LL. <i>papatia</i>, fr. L. <i>papa</i> a father, bishop. See <u>Pope</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The office and dignity of the pope, or pontiff, of Rome; papal jurisdiction.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The popes, collectively; the succession of popes.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>The Roman Catholic religion; — commonly used by the opponents of the Roman Catholics in disparagement or in an opprobrious sense.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pap"a*gay</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>See <u>Popinjay</u>, 1 <sd><i>(b)</i></sd>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa*pa"in</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From <u>Papaw</u>.] <i>(Physiol. Chem.)</i> <def>A proteolytic ferment, like trypsin, present in the juice of the green fruit of the papaw (<i>Carica Papaya</i>) of tropical America.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa"pal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [F., fr. L. <i>papa</i> bishop. See <u>Papacy</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Of or pertaining to the pope of Rome; proceeding from the pope; ordered or pronounced by the pope; as, <i>papal</i> jurisdiction; a <i>papal</i> edict; the <i>papal</i> benediction.</def> <i>Milman.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Of or pertaining to the Roman Catholic Church.</def> "<i>Papal</i> Christians." <i>Bp. Burnet.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Papal cross</b></col>. <cd>See <i>Illust.</i> 3 of <u>Cross</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Papal crown</b></col>, <cd>the tiara.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pa"pal*ist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A papist.</def> [Obs.] <i>Baxter.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pa*pal"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [LL. <i>papalitas</i>: cf. F. <i>papaut&eacute;</i>.] <def>The papacy.</def> [Obs.] <i>Ld. Berners. Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pa"pal*ize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To make papal.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Pa"pal*ize</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To conform to popery.</def> <i>Cowper.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pa"pal*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a papal manner; popishly</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa"pal*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The papacy.</def> [Obs.] <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pa`pa*pho"bi*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. L. <i>papa</i> bishop + Gr. &?; to fear.] <def>Intense fear or dread of the pope, or of the Roman Catholic Church.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Pa"par*chy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>papa</i> bishop + <i>-archy</i>.] <def>Government by a pope; papal rule.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pa*pa"ver</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., poppy.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A genus of plants, including the poppy.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa*pav`er*a"ceous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a natural order of plants (<i>Papaverace&aelig;</i>) of which the poppy, the celandine, and the bloodroot are well-known examples.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa*pav"er*ine</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>An alkaloid found in opium. It has a weaker therapeutic action than morphine.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa*pav"er*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to the poppy; of the nature of the poppy.</def> <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pa*paw"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Prob. from the native name in the West Indies; cf. Sp. <i>papayo</i> papaw, <i>papaya</i> the fruit of the papaw.] [Written also <i>pawpaw</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A tree (<i>Carica Papaya</i>) of tropical America, belonging to the order <i>Passiflore&aelig;</i>. It has a soft, spongy stem, eighteen or twenty feet high, crowned with a tuft of large, long-stalked, palmately lobed leaves. The milky juice of the plant is said to have the property of making meat tender. Also, its dull orange-colored, melon-shaped fruit, which is eaten both raw and cooked or pickled.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A tree of the genus <i>Asimina</i> (<i>A. triloba</i>), growing in the western and southern parts of the United States, and producing a sweet edible fruit; also, the fruit itself.</def> <i>Gray.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pap"boat`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A kind of sauce boat or dish.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A large spiral East Indian marine shell (<i>Turbinella rapha</i>); — so called because used by native priests to hold the oil for anointing.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pape</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>pape</i>, fr. L. <i>papa</i>. See <u>Pope</u>.] <def>A spiritual father; specifically, the pope.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Pa"pe*jay</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A popinjay.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pa"per</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>papier</i>, fr. L. <i>papyrus</i> papyrus, from which the Egyptians made a kind of paper, Gr. &?;. Cf. <u>Papyrus</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A substance in the form of thin sheets or leaves intended to be written or printed on, or to be used in wrapping. It is made of rags, straw, bark, wood, or other fibrous material, which is first reduced to pulp, then molded, pressed, and dried.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A sheet, leaf, or piece of such substance.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A printed or written instrument; a document, essay, or the like; a writing; as, a <i>paper</i> read before a scientific society.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>They brought a <i>paper</i> to me to be signed.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>A printed sheet appearing periodically; a newspaper; a journal; as, a daily <i>paper</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>Negotiable evidences of indebtedness; notes; bills of exchange, and the like; as, the bank holds a large amount of his <i>paper</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>Decorated hangings or coverings for walls, made of paper. See <i>Paper hangings</i>, below.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <def>A paper containing (usually) a definite quantity; as, a <i>paper</i> of pins, tacks, opium, etc.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>8.</b></sn> <def>A medicinal preparation spread upon paper, intended for external application; as, cantharides <i>paper</i>.</def></p>

<p>&fist; Paper is manufactured in sheets, the trade names of which, together with the regular sizes in inches, are shown in the following table. But paper makers vary the size somewhat.</p>

<p> In the manufacture of books, etc., a sheet, of whatever size originally, is termed, when folded once, a <i>folio</i>; folded twice, a <i>quarto</i>, or <i>4to</i>; three times, an <i>octavo</i>, or <i>8vo</i>; four times, a <i>sextodecimo</i>, or 16<i>mo</i>; five times, a 32<i>mo</i>; three times, with an offcut folded twice and set in, a <i>duodecimo</i>, or 12<i>mo</i>; four times, with an offcut folded three times and set in, a 24<i>mo</i>.</p>

<p><! p. 1038 !></p>

<p>&fist; <i>Paper</i> is often used adjectively or in combination, having commonly an obvious signification; as, <i>paper</i> cutter or <i>paper</i>-cutter; <i>paper</i> knife, <i>paper</i>-knife, or <i>paper</i>knife; <i>paper</i> maker, <i>paper</i>-maker, or <i>paper</i>maker; <i>paper</i> mill or <i>paper</i>-mill; <i>paper</i> weight, <i>paper</i>-weight, or <i>paper</i>weight, etc.</p>

<p><col><b>Business paper</b></col>, <cd>checks, notes, drafts, etc., given in payment of actual indebtedness; — opposed to <i>accommodation paper</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Fly paper</b></col>, <cd>paper covered with a sticky preparation, — used for catching flies.</cd> — <col><b>Laid paper</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Laid</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Paper birch</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>the canoe birch tree (<i>Betula papyracea</i>).</cd> — <col><b>Paper blockade</b></col>, <cd>an ineffective blockade, as by a weak naval force.</cd> — <col><b>Paper boat</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>a boat made of water-proof paper.</cd> — <col><b>Paper car wheel</b></col> <i>(Railroad)</i>, <cd>a car wheel having a steel tire, and a center formed of compressed paper held between two plate- iron disks.</cd> <i>Forney.</i> — <col><b>Paper credit</b></col>, <cd>credit founded upon evidences of debt, such as promissory notes, duebills, etc.</cd> — <col><b>Paper hanger</b></col>, <cd>one who covers walls with paper hangings.</cd> — <col><b>Paper hangings</b></col>, <cd>paper printed with colored figures, or otherwise made ornamental, prepared to be pasted against the walls of apartments, etc.; wall paper.</cd> — <col><b>Paper house</b></col>, <cd>an audience composed of people who have come in on free passes.</cd> [Cant] — <col><b>Paper money</b></col>, <cd>notes or bills, usually issued by government or by a banking corporation, promising payment of money, and circulated as the representative of coin.</cd> — <col><b>Paper mulberry</b></col>. <i>(Bot.)</i> <cd>See under Mulberry.</cd> — <col><b>Paper muslin</b></col>, <cd>glazed muslin, used for linings, etc.</cd> — <col><b>Paper nautilus</b></col>. <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <cd>See <u>Argonauta</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Paper reed</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>the papyrus.</cd> - - <col><b>Paper sailor</b></col>. <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <cd>See Argonauta.</cd> — <col><b>Paper stainer</b></col>, <cd>one who colors or stamps wall paper.</cd> <i>De Colange.</i> — <col><b>Paper wasp</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>any wasp which makes a nest of paperlike material, as the yellow jacket.</cd> — <col><b>Paper weight</b></col>, <cd>any object used as a weight to prevent loose papers from being displaced by wind, or otherwise.</cd> — <col><b>Parchment paper</b></col>. <cd>See <u>Papyrine</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Tissue paper</b></col>, <cd>thin, gauzelike paper, such as is used to protect engravings in books.</cd> — <col><b>Wall paper</b></col>. <cd>Same as <i>Paper hangings</i>, above.</cd> — <col><b>Waste paper</b></col>, <cd>paper thrown aside as worthless or useless, except for uses of little account.</cd> — <col><b>Wove paper</b></col>, <cd>a writing paper with a uniform surface, not ribbed or watermarked.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pa"per</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to paper; made of paper; resembling paper; existing only on paper; unsubstantial; as, a <i>paper</i> box; a <i>paper</i> army.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa"per</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Papered</u>(?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Papering</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To cover with paper; to furnish with paper hangings; as, to <i>paper</i> a room or a house.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To fold or inclose in paper.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To put on paper; to make a memorandum of.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Pa"per*weight`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See under <u>Paper</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></def></p>

<p><hw>Pa"per*y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Like paper; having the thinness or consistence of paper.</def> <i>Gray.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pa*pes"cent</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [From <u>Pap</u> soft food.] <def>Containing or producing pap; like pap.</def> [R.] <i>Arbuthnot.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pa"pess</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>papesse</i>.] <def>A female pope; <i>i. e.</i>, the fictitious pope Joan.</def> [Obs.] <i>Bp. Hall.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Pa`pe*terie"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., paper manufacture, fr. <i>papier</i> paper.] <def>A case or box containing paper and materials for writing.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa"phi*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>Paphius</i>, Gr. &?;, from &?; the city Paphos.] <def>Of or pertaining to Paphos, an ancient city of Cyprus, having a celebrated temple of Venus; hence, pertaining to Venus, or her rites.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa"phi*an</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A native or inhabitant of Paphos.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pa`pier"-ma`ch&eacute;"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>papier m&acirc;ch&eacute;</i>, lit., chewed or mashed paper.] <def>A hard and strong substance made of a pulp from paper, mixed with sise or glue, etc. It is formed into various articles, usually by means of molds.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pa*pil"i*o</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., a butterfly.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A genus of butterflies.</def></p>

<p>&fist; Formerly it included numerous species which are now placed in other genera. By many writers it is now restricted to the swallow- tailed butterflies, like <i>Papilio polyxenes, or asterias</i>, and related species.</p>

<p><hw>Pa*pil`io*na"ceous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Resembling the butterfly.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>Having a winged corolla somewhat resembling a butterfly, as in the blossoms of the bean and pea.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>Belonging to that suborder of leguminous plants (<i>Papilionace&aelig;</i>) which includes the bean, pea, vetch, clover, and locust.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pa*pil`i*o"nes</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Papilio</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The division of Lepidoptera which includes the butterflies.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pa*pil`i*on"i*des</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The typical butterflies.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa*pil"la</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Papill&aelig;</b></plw> (#). [L., a nipple, pimple.] <def>Any minute nipplelike projection; as, the <i>papill&aelig;</i> of the tongue.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pap"il*lar</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>papillaire</i>.] <def>Same as <u>Papillose</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pap"il*la*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>papillaire</i>.] <def>Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a papilla or papill&aelig;; bearing, or covered with, papill&aelig;; papillose.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pap"il*late</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t. & i.</i></pos> <def>To cover with papill&aelig;; to take the form of a papilla, or of papill&aelig;.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pap"il*late</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Papillose</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa*pil"li*form</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Papilla</i> + <i>-form</i>.] <def>Shaped like a papilla; mammilliform.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pap`il*lo"ma</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Papillomata</b></plw> (#). [NL. See <u>Papilla</u>, and <u>- Oma</u>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>A tumor formed by hypertrophy of the papill&aelig; of the skin or mucous membrane, as a corn or a wart.</def> <i>Quain.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pap`il*lo"ma*tous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Of, pertaining to, or consisting of, papillomata.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pap"il*lose`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>papilleux</i>.] <def>Covered with, or bearing, papill&aelig;; resembling papill&aelig;; papillate; papillar; papillary.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pap"il*lote</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., fr. <i>papillon</i> a butterfly.] <def>a small piece of paper on which women roll up their hair to make it curl; a curl paper.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pap"il*lous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Papillary; papillose.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa*pil"lu*late</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Having a minute papilla in the center of a larger elevation or depression.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa"pi*on</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Prob. from native name: cf. Sp. <i>papion</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A West African baboon (<i>Cynocephalus sphinx</i>), allied to the chacma. Its color is generally chestnut, varying in tint.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa"pism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>papisme</i>. See <u>Pape</u>, <u>Pope</u>.] <def>Popery; — an offensive term.</def> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pa"pist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>papiste</i>. See <u>Pape</u>, <u>Pope</u>.] <def>A Roman catholic; one who adheres to the Church of Rome and the authority of the pope; — an offensive designation applied to Roman Catholics by their opponents.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pa*pis"tic</hw> (?), <hw>Pa*pis"tic*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>papistique</i>.] <def>Of or pertaining to the Church of Rome and its doctrines and ceremonies; pertaining to popery; popish; — used disparagingly.</def> "The old <i>papistic</i> worship." <i>T. Warton.</i> — <wf>Pa*pis"tic*al*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Pa"pist*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The doctrine and ceremonies of the Church of Rome; popery.</def> [R.] <i>Whitgift.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pa"pized</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [From <u>Pape</u>.] <def>Conformed to popery.</def> [Obs.] "<i>Papized</i> writers." <i>Fuller.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pa*poose"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A babe or young child of Indian parentage in North America.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pap"pi*form</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Resembling the pappus of composite plants.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pap*poose"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Papoose</u>.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Pappoose root</b></col>. <i>(Bot.)</i> <cd>See <u>Cohosh</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pap*pose"</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Furnished with a pappus; downy.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pap"pous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Pappose.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pap"pus</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., an old man or grandfather; hence, a substance resembling gray hairs, Gr. &?;.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The hairy or feathery appendage of the achenes of thistles, dandelions, and most other plants of the order <i>Composit&aelig;</i>; also, the scales, awns, or bristles which represent the calyx in other plants of the same order.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pap"py</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [From <u>Pap</u> soft food.] <def>Like pap; soft; succulent; tender.</def> <i>Ray.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pap"u*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to Papua.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pap"u*ars</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos>; sing. <singw><b>Papuan</b></singw> (&?;). <i>(Ethnol.)</i> <def>The native black race of Papua or New Guinea, and the adjacent islands.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pap"u*la</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Papul&aelig;</b></plw> (#). [L.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>A pimple; a small, usually conical, elevation of the cuticle, produced by congestion, accumulated secretion, or hypertrophy of tissue; a papule.</def> <i>Quain.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of the numerous small hollow processes of the integument between the plates of starfishes.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pap"u*lar</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Covered with papules.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Consisting of papules; characterized by the presence of papules; as, a <i>papular</i> eruption.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pap"ule</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Papules</b></plw> (&?;). <def>Same as <u>Papula</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pap"u*lose`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>Having papul&aelig;; papillose; as, a <i>papulose</i> leaf.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pap"u*lous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>pap&?;leux</i>.] <def>Covered with, or characterized by, papul&aelig;; papulose.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pap`y*ra"ceous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>papyraceus</i> made of <i>papyrus</i>.] <def>Made of papyrus; of the consistency of paper; papery.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa*pyr"e*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to papyrus, or to paper; papyraceous.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pap"y*rine</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>papyrin</i> made of paper. See <u>Paper</u>.] <def>Imitation parchment, made by soaking unsized paper in dilute sulphuric acid.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa*pyr"o*graph</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Papyrus</i> + <i>-graph</i>.] <def>An apparatus for multiplying writings, drawings, etc., in which a paper stencil, formed by writing or drawing with corrosive ink, is used. The word is also used of other means of multiplying copies of writings, drawings, etc. See <u>Copygraph</u>, <u>Hectograph</u>, <u>Manifold</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pap`y*rog"ra*phy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The process of multiplying copies of writings, etc., by means of the papyrograph.</def> — <wf>Pap`y*ro*graph"ic</wf> (#), <pos><i>a.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Pa*py"rus</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Papyri</b></plw> (#). [L., fr. Gr. &?;. See <u>Paper</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A tall rushlike plant (<i>Cyperus Papyrus</i>) of the Sedge family, formerly growing in Egypt, and now found in Abyssinia, Syria, Sicily, etc. The stem is triangular and about an inch thick.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The material upon which the ancient Egyptians wrote. It was formed by cutting the stem of the plant into thin longitudinal slices, which were gummed together and pressed.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A manuscript written on papyrus; esp., <i>pl.</i>, written scrolls made of papyrus; as, the <i>papyri</i> of Egypt or Herculaneum.</def></p>

<p><hw>P&acirc;que</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>p&acirc;que</i>.] <def>See <u>Pasch</u> and <u>Easter</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>See <u>Parr</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par</hw>, <pos><i>prep.</i></pos> [F., fr. L. <i>per</i>. See <u>Per</u>.] <def>By; with; — used frequently in Early English in phrases taken from the French, being sometimes written as a part of the word which it governs; as, <i>par</i> amour, or <i>par</i>amour; <i>par</i> cas, or <i>par</i>case; <i>par</i> fay, or <i>par</i>fay.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>par</i>, adj., equal. See <u>Peer</u> an equal.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Equal value; equality of nominal and actual value; the value expressed on the face or in the words of a certificate of value, as a bond or other commercial paper.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Equality of condition or circumstances.</def></p>

<p><col><b>At par</b></col>, <cd>at the original price; neither at a discount nor at a premium.</cd> — <col><b>Above par</b></col>, <cd>at a premium.</cd> — <col><b>Below par</b></col>, <cd>at a discount.</cd> — <col><b>On a par</b></col>, <cd>on a level; in the same condition, circumstances, position, rank, etc.; as, their pretensions are <i>on a par</i>; his ability is <i>on a par</i> with his ambition.</cd> — <col><b>Par of exchange</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Exchange</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Par value</b></col>, <cd>nominal value; face value.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Par"a-</hw> (?). [Gr. <grk>para`</grk> beside; prob. akin to E. <i>for-</i> in <i>forgive</i>. Cf. <u>For-</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A prefix signifying <i>alongside of</i>, <i>beside</i>, <i>beyond</i>, <i>against</i>, <i>amiss</i>; as <i>para</i>ble, literally, a placing beside; <i>para</i>dox, that which is contrary to opinion; <i>para</i>chronism.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A prefix denoting: <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <i>Likeness</i>, <i>similarity</i>, or <i>connection</i>, or that the substance <i>resembles</i>, but is <i>distinct from</i>, that to the name of which it is prefixed; as <i>par</i>aldehyde, <i>para</i>conine, etc.; also, an <i>isomeric modification</i>. <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> Specifically: <i>(Organ. Chem.)</i> <cd>That two groups or radicals substituted in the benzene nucleus are <i>opposite</i>, or in the respective positions 1 and 4; 2 and 5; or 3 and 6, as <i>para</i>xylene; <i>par</i>oxybenzoic acid.</cd> Cf. <u>Ortho-</u>, and <u>Meta-</u>. Also used adjectively.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pa*ra"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Turk., fr. Per. <i>p&amacr;rah</i> a piece.] <def>A piece of Turkish money, usually copper, the fortieth part of a piaster, or about one ninth of a cent.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par`a*ban"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; to pass over.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, a nitrogenous acid which is obtained by the oxidation of uric acid, as a white crystalline substance (C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>); — also called <i>oxalyl urea</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par"a*blast</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. Gr. &?; to grow beside. See <u>Para-</u>, and <u>-blast</u>.] <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>A portion of the mesoblast (of peripheral origin) of the developing embryo, the cells of which are especially concerned in forming the first blood and blood vessels.</def> <i>C. S. Minot.</i></p>

<p><hw>Par`a*blas"tic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to the parablast; as, the <i>parablastic</i> cells.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par"a*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>parabilis</i>, fr. <i>parare</i> to provide.] <def>Procurable.</def> [Obs.] <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Par"a*ble</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>parabole</i>, L. <i>parabola</i>, fr. Gr. &?; a placing beside or together, a comparing, comparison, a parable, fr. &?; to throw beside, compare; <grk>para`</grk> beside + &?; to throw; cf. Skr. <i>gal</i> to drop. Cf. <u>Emblem</u>, <u>Gland</u>, <u>Palaver</u>, <u>Parabola</u>, <u>Parley</u>, <u>Parabole</u>, <u>Symbol</u>.] <def>A comparison; a similitude; specifically, a short fictitious narrative of something which might really occur in life or nature, by means of which a moral is drawn; as, the <i>parables</i> of Christ.</def> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Declare unto us the <i>parable</i> of the tares.</blockquote> <i>Matt. xiii. 36.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — See <u>Allegory</u>, and Note under <u>Apologue</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Par"a*ble</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To represent by parable.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Which by the ancient sages was thus parabled.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pa*rab"o*la</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Parabolas</b></plw> (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?;; — so called because its axis is parallel to the side of the cone. See <u>Parable</u>, and cf. <u>Parabole</u>.] <i>(Geom.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A kind of curve; one of the conic sections formed by the intersection of the surface of a cone with a plane parallel to one of its sides. It is a curve, any point of which is equally distant from a fixed point, called the <i>focus</i>, and a fixed straight line, called the <i>directrix</i>. See <u>Focus</u>.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>One of a group of curves defined by the equation <i>y = ax<sup>n</sup></i> where <i>n</i> is a positive whole number or a positive fraction. For the <i>cubical parabola</i> n = 3; for the <i>semicubical parabola</i> n = &frac32;. See under <u>Cubical</u>, and <u>Semicubical</u>. The parabolas have infinite branches, but no rectilineal asymptotes.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pa*rab"o*le</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., fr. Gr. &?;. See <u>Parable</u>.] <i>(Rhet.)</i> <def>Similitude; comparison.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Par`a*bol"ic</hw> (?), <hw>Par`a*bol"ic*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>paraboliko`s</grk> figurative: cf. F. <i>parabolique</i>. See <u>Parable</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Of the nature of a parable; expressed by a parable or figure; allegorical; as, <i>parabolical</i> instruction.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> [From <u>Parabola</u>.] <i>(Geom.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>Having the form or nature of a parabola; pertaining to, or resembling, a parabola; as, a <i>parabolic</i> curve.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>Generated by the revolution of a parabola, or by a line that moves on a parabola as a directing curve; as, a <i>parabolic</i> conoid.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Parabolic conoid</b></col>, <cd>a paraboloid; a conoid whose directing curve is a parabola. See <u>Conoid</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Parabolic mirror</b></col> <i>(Opt.)</i>, <cd>a mirror having a paraboloidal surface which gives for parallel rays (as those from very distant objects) images free from aberration. It is used in reflecting telescopes.</cd> — <col><b>Parabolic spindle</b></col>, <cd>the solid generated by revolving the portion of a parabola cut off by a line drawn at right angles to the axis of the curve, about that line as an axis.</cd> — <col><b>Parabolic spiral</b></col>, <cd>a spiral curve conceived to be formed by the periphery of a semiparabola when its axis is wrapped about a circle; also, any other spiral curve having an analogy to the parabola.</cd></p>

<p><! p. 1039 !></p>

<p><hw>Par`a*bol"ic*al*ly</hw> (p&abreve;r`&adot;*b&obreve;l"&ibreve;*k<i>a</i>l*l&ybreve;), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>By way of parable; in a parabolic manner.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>In the form of a parabola.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par`a*bol"i*form</hw> (-&ibreve;*f&ocirc;rm), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Parabola</i> + <i>-form</i>.] <def>Resembling a parabola in form.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa*rab"o*lism</hw> (p&adot;*r&abreve;b"&osl;*l&ibreve;z'm), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From <u>Parabola</u>.] <i>(Alg.)</i> <def>The division of the terms of an equation by a known quantity that is involved in the first term.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Pa*rab"o*list</hw> (-l&ibreve;st), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A narrator of parables.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa*rab"o*loid</hw> (-loid), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Parabola</i> + <i>-oid</i>: cf. F. <i>parabolo&iuml;de</i>.] <i>(Geom.)</i> <def>The solid generated by the rotation of a parabola about its axis; any surface of the second order whose sections by planes parallel to a given line are parabolas.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The term <i>paraboloid</i> has sometimes been applied also to the parabolas of the higher orders. <i>Hutton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Par`a*bo*loid"al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a paraboloid.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Par`a*bron"chi*um</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Parabronchia</b></plw> (#). [NL. See <u>Para-</u>, <u>Bronchia</u>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>One of the branches of an ectobronchium or entobronchium.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par`a*cel"si*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of, pertaining to, or in conformity with, the practice of <i>Paracelsus</i>, a Swiss physician of the 15th century.</def> <i>Ferrand.</i></p>

<p><hw>Par`a*cel"si*an</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A follower of Paracelsus or his practice or teachings.</def> <i>Hakewill.</i></p>

<p><hw>Par`a*cel"sist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A Paracelsian.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Par`a*cen*te"sis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to pierce at the side, to tap.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>The perforation of a cavity of the body with a trocar, aspirator, or other suitable instrument, for the evacuation of effused fluid, pus, or gas; tapping.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Par`a*cen"tric</hw> (?), <hw>Par`a*cen"tric*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>para-</i> + <i>centric</i>, <i>- ical</i>: cf. F. <i>paracentrique</i>.] <def>Deviating from circularity; changing the distance from a center.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Paracentric curve</b></col> <i>(Math.)</i>, <cd>a curve having the property that, when its plane is placed vertically, a body descending along it, by the force of gravity, will approach to, or recede from, a fixed point or center, by equal distances in equal times; — called also a <i>paracentric</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Paracentric motton</b></col> or <col><b>velocity</b></col>, <cd>the motion or velocity of a revolving body, as a planet, by which it approaches to, or recedes from, the center, without reference to its motion in space, or to its motion as reckoned in any other direction.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Par`a*chor"dal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>para- </i> + <i>chordal</i>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Situated on either side of the notochord; — applied especially to the cartilaginous rudiments of the skull on each side of the anterior part of the notochord.</def> — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A parachordal cartilage.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa*rach"ro*nism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>para- </i> + Gr. &?; time: cf. F. <i>parachronisme</i>.] <def>An error in chronology, by which the date of an event is set later than the time of its occurrence.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Par"a*chrose</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; false coloring; <grk>para`</grk> beside, beyond + &?; color.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>Changing color by exposure</def> <i>Mohs.</i></p>

<p><hw>Par"a*chute</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., fr. <i>paper</i> to ward off, guard + <i>chute</i> a fall. See <u>Parry</u>, and <u>Chute</u>, <u>Chance</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A contrivance somewhat in the form of an umbrella, by means of which a descent may be made from a balloon, or any eminence.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A web or fold of skin which extends between the legs of certain mammals, as the flying squirrels, colugo, and phalangister.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par"a*clete</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>paracletus</i>, Gr. &?;, from &?; to call to one, to exhort, encourage; <grk>para`</grk> beside + &?; to call.] <def>An advocate; one called to aid or support; hence, the Consoler, Comforter, or Intercessor; — a term applied to the Holy Spirit.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>From which intercession especially I conceive he hath the name of the <i>Paraclete</i> given him by Christ.</blockquote> <i>Bp. Pearson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Par"a*close</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>See <u>Parclose</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par`ac*mas"tic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;. See <u>Para-</u>, and <u>Acme</u>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Gradually decreasing; past the acme, or crisis, as a distemper.</def> <i>Dunglison.</i></p>

<p><hw>Par`a*con"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>par</i>a- + <i>acon</i>itic.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, an organic acid obtained as a deliquescent white crystalline substance, and isomeric with itaconic, citraconic, and mesaconic acids.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par`a*co"nine</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>para- </i> + <i>conine</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A base resembling and isomeric with conine, and obtained as a colorless liquid from butyric aldehyde and ammonia.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Par`a*co*rol"la</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>para-</i> + <i>corolla</i>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A secondary or inner corolla; a corona, as of the Narcissus.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par`a*cros"tic</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>para- </i> + <i>acrostic</i>.] <def>A poetical composition, in which the first verse contains, in order, the first letters of all the verses of the poem.</def> <i>Brande & C.</i></p>

<p><hw>Par`a*cy*an"o*gen</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>para-</i> + <i>cyanogen</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A polymeric modification of cyanogen, obtained as a brown or black amorphous residue by heating mercuric cyanide.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par`a*cy"mene</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>para-</i> + <i>cymene</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Cymene</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Par`a*dac"ty*lum</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Paradactyla</b></plw> (#). [NL. See <u>Para-</u>, and <u>Dactyl</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The side of a toe or finger.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa*rade"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., fr. Sp. <i>parada</i> a halt or stopping, an assembling for exercise, a place where troops are assembled to exercise, fr. <i>parar</i> to stop, to prepare. See <u>Pare</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The ground where a military display is held, or where troops are drilled.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Mil.)</i> <def>An assembly and orderly arrangement or display of troops, in full equipments, for inspection or evolutions before some superior officer; a review of troops. Parades are general, regimental, or private (troop, battery, or company), according to the force assembled.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Pompous show; formal display or exhibition.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Be rich, but of your wealth make no <i>parade</i>.</blockquote> <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>That which is displayed; a show; a spectacle; an imposing procession; the movement of any body marshaled in military order; as, a <i>parade</i> of firemen.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>In state returned the grand <i>parade</i>.</blockquote> <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>Posture of defense; guard.</def> [A Gallicism.]</p>

<p><blockquote>When they are not in <i>parade</i>, and upon their guard.</blockquote> <i>Locke.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>A public walk; a promenade.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Dress parade</b></col>, <col><b>Undress parade</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Dress</u>, and <u>Undress</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Parade rest</b></col>, <cd>a position of rest for soldiers, in which, however, they are required to be silent and motionless.</cd> <i>Wilhelm.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Ostentation; display; show. — <u>Parade</u>, <u>Ostentation</u>. <i>Parade</i> is a pompous exhibition of things for the purpose of display; <i>ostentation</i> now generally indicates a <i>parade</i> of virtues or other qualities for which one expects to be honored. "It was not in the mere <i>parade</i> of royalty that the Mexican potentates exhibited their power." <i>Robertson.</i> "We are dazzled with the splendor of titles, the <i>ostentation</i> of learning, and the noise of victories." <i>Spectator.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pa*rade"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Paraded</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Parading</u>.] [Cf. F. <i>parader</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To exhibit in a showy or ostentatious manner; to show off.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Parading</i> all her sensibility.</blockquote> <i>Byron.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To assemble and form; to marshal; to cause to maneuver or march ceremoniously; as, to <i>parade</i> troops.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa*rade"</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To make an exhibition or spectacle of one's self, as by walking in a public place.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To assemble in military order for evolutions and inspection; to form or march, as in review.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par"a*digm</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>paradigme</i>, L. <i>paradigma</i>, fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to show by the side of, to set up as an example; <grk>para`</grk> beside + &?; to show. See <u>Para-</u>, and <u>Diction</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>An example; a model; a pattern.</def> [R.] "The <i>paradigms</i> and patterns of all things." <i>Cudworth.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Gram.)</i> <def>An example of a conjugation or declension, showing a word in all its different forms of inflection.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Rhet.)</i> <def>An illustration, as by a parable or fable.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Par`a*dig*mat"ic</hw> (?), <hw>Par`a*dig*mat"ic*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>paradeigmatiko`s</grk>.] <def>Exemplary.</def> — <wf>Par`a*dig*mat"ic*al*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Par`a*dig*mat"ic</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Eccl. Hist.)</i> <def>A writer of memoirs of religious persons, as examples of Christian excellence.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par`a*dig"ma*tize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Paradigmatized</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Paradigmatizing</u> (?).] [Gr. <grk>paradeigmati`zein</grk>. See <u>Paradigm</u>.] <def>To set forth as a model or example.</def> [Obs.] <i>Hammond.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Par`a*di*sa"ic</hw> (?), <hw>Par`a*di*sa"ic*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to, or resembling, paradise; paradisiacal.</def> "<i>Paradisaical</i> pleasures." <i>Gray.</i></p>

<p><hw>Par"a*di`sal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Paradisiacal.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par"a*dise</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. & F. <i>paradis</i>, L. <i>paradisus</i>, fr. Gr. <grk>para`deisos</grk> park, paradise, fr. Zend <i>pairida&emacr;za</i> an inclosure; <i>pairi</i> around (akin to Gr. &?;) + <i>diz</i> to throw up, pile up; cf. Skr. <i>dih</i> to smear, and E. <i>dough</i>. Cf. <u>Parvis</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The garden of Eden, in which Adam and Eve were placed after their creation.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The abode of sanctified souls after death.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>To-day shalt thou be with me in <i>paradise</i>.</blockquote> <i>Luke xxiii. 43.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>It sounds to him like her mother's voice,<BR> Singing in <i>Paradise</i>.</blockquote> <i>Longfellow.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A place of bliss; a region of supreme felicity or delight; hence, a state of happiness.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The earth<BR> Shall be all <i>paradise</i>.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Wrapt in the very <i>paradise</i> of some creative vision.</blockquote> <i>Beaconsfield.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>An open space within a monastery or adjoining a church, as the space within a cloister, the open court before a basilica, etc.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>A churchyard or cemetery.</def> [Obs.] <i>Oxf. Gloss.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Fool's paradise</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Fool</u>, and <u>Limbo</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Grains of paradise</b></col>. <i>(Bot.)</i> <cd>See <i>Melequeta pepper</i>, under <u>Pepper</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Paradise bird</b></col>. <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <cd>Same as <u>Bird of paradise</u>. Among the most beautiful species are the superb (<i>Lophorina superba</i>); the magnificent (<i>Diphyllodes magnifica</i>); and the six-shafted paradise bird (<i>Parotia sefilata</i>). The long-billed paradise birds (<i>Epimachin&aelig;</i>) also include some highly ornamental species, as the twelve-wired paradise bird (<i>Seleucides alba</i>), which is black, yellow, and white, with six long breast feathers on each side, ending in long, slender filaments. See <u>Bird of paradise</u> in the Vocabulary.</cd> — <col><b>Paradise fish</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a beautiful fresh-water Asiatic fish (<i>Macropodus viridiauratus</i>) having very large fins. It is often kept alive as an ornamental fish.</cd> — <col><b>Paradise flycatcher</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>any flycatcher of the genus <i>Terpsiphone</i>, having the middle tail feathers extremely elongated. The adult male of <i>T. paradisi</i> is white, with the head glossy dark green, and crested.</cd> — <col><b>Paradise grackle</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a very beautiful bird of New Guinea, of the genus <i>Astrapia</i>, having dark velvety plumage with brilliant metallic tints.</cd> — <col><b>Paradise nut</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>the sapucaia nut. See <u>Sapucaia nut</u>.</cd> [Local, U. S.] — <col><b>Paradise whidah bird</b></col>. <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <cd>See <u>Whidah</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Par"a*dise</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To affect or exalt with visions of felicity; to entrance; to bewitch.</def> [R.] <i>Marston.</i></p>

<p><hw>Par`a*dis"e*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Paradisiacal.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par"a*dised</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Placed in paradise; enjoying delights as of paradise.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Par`a*dis"i*ac</hw> (?), <hw>Par`a*di*si"a*cal</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>paradisiacus</i>.] <def>Of or pertaining to paradise; suitable to, or like, paradise.</def> <i>C. Kingsley.</i> <i>T. Burnet.</i> "A <i>paradisiacal</i> scene." <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The valley . . . is of quite <i>paradisiac</i> beauty.</blockquote> <i>G. Eliot.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Par`a*dis"i*al</hw> (?), <hw>Par`a*dis"i*an</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Paradisiacal.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Par`a*dis"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Paradisiacal.</def> [R.] <i>Broome.</i></p>

<p><hw>Par`a*dis"ic*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Paradisiacal.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Par`a*dos</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Paradoses</b></plw> (#). [F., fr. <i>parer</i> to defend + <i>dos</i> back, L. <i>dorsum</i>.] <i>(Fort.)</i> <def>An intercepting mound, erected in any part of a fortification to protect the defenders from a rear or ricochet fire; a traverse.</def> <i>Farrow.</i></p>

<p><hw>Par`a*dox</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Paradoxes</b></plw> (#). [F. <i>paradoxe</i>, L. <i>paradoxum</i>, fr. Gr. &?;; <grk>para`</grk> beside, beyond, contrary to + &?; to think, suppose, imagine. See <u>Para-</u>, and <u>Dogma</u>.] <def>A tenet or proposition contrary to received opinion; an assertion or sentiment seemingly contradictory, or opposed to common sense; that which in appearance or terms is absurd, but yet may be true in fact.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A gloss there is to color that <i>paradox</i>, and make it appear in show not to be altogether unreasonable.</blockquote> <i>Hooker.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>This was sometime a <i>paradox</i>, but now the time gives it proof.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Hydrostatic paradox</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Hydrostatic</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Par"a*dox`al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Paradoxical.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Par`a*dox"ic*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Of the nature of a paradox.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Inclined to paradoxes, or to tenets or notions contrary to received opinions.</def> <i>Southey.</i></p>

<p>— <wf>Par`a*dox"ic*al*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Par`a*dox"ic*al*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Par"a*dox`er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, <hw>Par"a*dox`ist</hw> (&?;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who proposes a paradox.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Par`a*dox"i*des</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL.] <i>(Paleon.)</i> <def>A genus of large trilobites characteristic of the primordial formations.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par`a*dox*ol"o*gy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Paradox</i> + <i>-logy</i>.] <def>The use of paradoxes.</def> [Obs.] <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Par`a*dox"ure</hw> (-d&obreve;ks"&usl;r), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>para`doxos</grk> incredible, paradoxical + <grk>o'yra`</grk> tail. So called because its tail is unlike that of the other animals to which it was supposed to be related.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any species of <i>Paradoxurus</i>, a genus of Asiatic viverrine mammals allied to the civet, as the musang, and the luwack or palm cat (<i>Paradoxurus hermaphroditus</i>). See <u>Musang</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par"a*dox`y</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A paradoxical statement; a paradox.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The quality or state of being paradoxical.</def> <i>Coleridge</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Par"af*fin</hw> (p&abreve;r"&abreve;f*f&ibreve;n), <hw>Par"af*fine</hw> (?) }, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>paraffine</i>, fr. L. <i>parum</i> too little + <i>affinis</i> akin. So named in allusion to its chemical inactivity.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A white waxy substance, resembling spermaceti, tasteless and odorless, and obtained from coal tar, wood tar, petroleum, etc., by distillation. It is used as an illuminant and lubricant. It is very inert, not being acted upon by most of the strong chemical reagents. It was formerly regarded as a definite compound, but is now known to be a complex mixture of several higher hydrocarbons of the methane or marsh-gas series; hence, by extension, any substance, whether solid, liquid, or gaseous, of the same chemical series; thus coal gas and kerosene consist largely of <i>paraffins</i>.</def></p>

<p>&fist; In the present chemical usage this word is spelt <i>paraffin</i>, but in commerce it is commonly spelt <i>paraffine</i>.</p>

<p><col><b>Native paraffin</b></col>. <cd>See <u>Ozocerite</u>.</cd> - - <col><b>Paraffin series</b></col>. <cd>See <i>Methane series</i>, under <u>Methane</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Par"age</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., fr. L. <i>par</i>, adj., equal. Cf. <u>Peerage</u>, <u>Peer</u> an equal.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Old Eng. Law)</i> <def>Equality of condition, blood, or dignity; also, equality in the partition of an inheritance.</def> <i>Spelman.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Feudal Law)</i> <def>Equality of condition between persons holding unequal portions of a fee.</def> <i>Burrill.</i></p>

<p><! p. 1040 !></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Kindred; family; birth.</def> [Obs.] <i>Ld. Berners.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>We claim to be of high <i>parage</i>.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Par`a*gen"e*sis</hw> (p&abreve;r`&adot;*j&ebreve;n"&esl;*s&ibreve;s), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>para-</i> + <i>genesis</i>.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>The science which treats of minerals with special reference to their origin.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par`a*gen"ic</hw> (-&ibreve;k), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>para-</i> + the root of <grk>ge`nos</grk> birth.] <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>Originating in the character of the germ, or at the first commencement of an individual; — said of peculiarities of structure, character, etc.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par`a*glob"u*lin</hw> (-gl&obreve;b"&usl;*l&ibreve;n), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>para-</i> + <i>globulin</i>.] <i>(Physiol. Chem.)</i> <def>An albuminous body in blood serum, belonging to the group of globulins. See <u>Fibrinoplastin</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Par`a*glos"sa</hw> (-gl&obreve;s"s&adot;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Paragloss&aelig;</b></plw> (- s&emacr;). [NL., from Gr. <grk>para`</grk> beside + <grk>glw^ssa</grk> tongue.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of a pair of small appendages of the lingua or labium of certain insects. See <i>Illust.</i> under <u>Hymenoptera</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par"ag*nath</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Paragnathus</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa*rag"na*thous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Having both mandibles of equal length, the tips meeting, as in certain birds.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pa*rag"na*thus</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Paragnathi</b></plw> (#). [NL. See <u>Para-</u>, and <u>Gnathic</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>One of the two lobes which form the lower lip, or metastome, of Crustacea.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>One of the small, horny, toothlike jaws of certain annelids.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Par`a*go"ge</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., fr. Gr. &?;, from &?; to lead beside, protract; <grk>para`</grk> beside + &?; to lead.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Gram.)</i> <def>The addition of a letter or syllable to the end of a word, as <i>withouten</i> for <i>without</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Coaptation.</def> [Obs.] <i>Dunglison.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Par`a*gog"ic</hw> (?), <hw>Par`a*gog"ic*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>paragogique</i>.] <def>Of, pertaining to, or constituting, a paragoge; added to the end of, or serving to lengthen, a word.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Paragogic letters</b></col>, <cd>in the Semitic languages, letters which are added to the ordinary forms of words, to express additional emphasis, or some change in the sense.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Par"a*gon</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>paragon</i>, F. <i>parangon</i>; cf. It. <i>paragone</i>, Sp. <i>paragon</i>, <i>parangon</i>; prob. fr. Gr. &?; to rub against; <grk>para`</grk> beside + &?; whetstone; cf. LGr. &?; a polishing stone.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A companion; a match; an equal.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Philoclea, who indeed had no <i>paragon</i> but her sister.</blockquote> <i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Emulation; rivalry; competition.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Full many feats adventurous<BR> Performed, in <i>paragon</i> of proudest men.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A model or pattern; a pattern of excellence or perfection; as, a <i>paragon</i> of beauty or eloquence.</def> <i>Udall.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Man, . . . the <i>paragon</i> of animals !</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The riches of sweet Mary's son,<BR> Boy-rabbi, Israel's <i>paragon</i>.</blockquote> <i>Emerson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Print.)</i> <def>A size of type between great primer and double pica. See the Note under <u>Type</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par"a*gon</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [Cf. OF. <i>paragonner</i>, F. <i>parangonner</i>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To compare; to parallel; to put in rivalry or emulation with.</def> [Obs.] <i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To compare with; to equal; to rival.</def> [R.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>In arms anon to <i>paragon</i> the morn,<BR> The morn new rising.</blockquote> <i>Glover.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To serve as a model for; to surpass.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>He hath achieved a maid<BR> That <i>paragons</i> description and wild fame.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Par"a*gon</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To be equal; to hold comparison.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Few or none could . . . <i>paragon</i> with her.</blockquote> <i>Shelton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pa*rag"o*nite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From Gr. &?;, p. pr. of &?; to mislead.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>A kind of mica related to muscovite, but containing soda instead of potash. It is characteristic of the <i>paragonite schist</i> of the Alps.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par"a*gram</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; that which one writes beside. See <u>Paragraph</u>.] <def>A pun.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Puns, which he calls <i>paragrams</i>.</blockquote> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><hw>Par`a*gram"ma*tist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A punster.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pa`ra*gran"di*ne</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [It., from <i>parare</i> to parry + <i>grandine</i> hail.] <def>An instrument to avert the occurrence of hailstorms. See <u>Paragr&ecirc;le</u>.</def> <i>Knight.</i></p>

<p><hw>Par"a*graph</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>paragraphe</i>, LL. <i>paragraphus</i>, fr. Gr. <grk>para`grafos</grk> (sc. <grk>grammh`</grk>) a line or stroke drawn in the margin, fr. <grk>paragra`fein</grk> to write beside; <grk>para`</grk> beside + <grk>gra`fein</grk> to write. See <u>Para- </u>, and <u>Graphic</u>, and cf. <u>Paraph</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Originally, a marginal mark or note, set in the margin to call attention to something in the text, <i>e. g.</i>, a change of subject; now, the character &para;, commonly used in the text as a reference mark to a footnote, or to indicate the place of a division into sections.</def></p>

<p>&fist; This character is merely a modification of a capital P (the initial of the word <i>paragraph</i>), the letter being reversed, and the black part made white and the white part black for the sake of distinctiveness.</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A distinct part of a discourse or writing; any section or subdivision of a writing or chapter which relates to a particular point, whether consisting of one or many sentences. The division is sometimes noted by the mark &?;, but usually, by beginning the first sentence of the paragraph on a new line and at more than the usual distance from the margin.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A brief composition complete in one typographical section or paragraph; an item, remark, or quotation comprised in a few lines forming one paragraph; as, a column of news <i>paragraphs</i>; an editorial <i>paragraph</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par"a*graph</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Paragraphed</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Paragraphing</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To divide into paragraphs; to mark with the character &para;.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To express in the compass of a paragraph; as, to <i>paragraph</i> an article.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To mention in a paragraph or paragraphs</def></p>

<p><hw>Par"a*graph`er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A writer of paragraphs; a paragraphist.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Par`a*graph"ic</hw> (?), <hw>Par`a*graph"ic*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pertaining to, or consisting of, a paragraph or paragraphs.</def> — <wf>Par`a*graph"ic*al*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Par"a*graph`ist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A paragrapher.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par`a*gra*phis"tic*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or relating to a paragraphist.</def> [R.] <i>Beau. & Fl.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pa*ra" grass`</hw> (?). <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A valuable pasture grass (<i>Panicum barbinode</i>) introduced into the Southern United States from Brazil.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pa`ra`gr&ecirc;le"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., fr. <i>parer</i> to guard + <i>gr&ecirc;le</i> hail.] <def>A lightning conductor erected, as in a vineyard, for drawing off the electricity in the atmosphere in order to prevent hailstorms.</def> [France] <i>Knight.</i></p>

<p><hw>Par`a*guay"an</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to Paraguay.</def> — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A native or inhabitant of Paraguay.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa`ra*guay" tea"</hw> (?). <def>See <u>Mate</u>, the leaf of the Brazilian holly.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par"ail</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Apparel</u>.</def> [Obs.] "In the <i>parail</i> of a pilgrim." <i>Piers Plowman.</i></p>

<p><hw>Par"a*keet`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Parrakeet</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par`a*lac"tic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>para- </i> + <i>lactic</i>.] <i>(Physiol. Chem.)</i> <def>Designating an acid called <i>paralactic acid</i>. See <i>Lactic acid</i>, under <u>Lactic</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par`al*bu"min</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>para- </i> + <i>albumin</i>.] <i>(Physiol. Chem.)</i> <def>A proteidlike body found in the fluid from ovarian cysts and elsewhere. It is generally associated with a substance related to, if not identical with, glycogen.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par*al"de*hyde</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>para- </i> + <i>aldehyde</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A polymeric modification of aldehyde obtained as a white crystalline substance.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Par`a*leip"sis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to leave on one side, to omit; <grk>para`</grk> beside + &?; to leave.] <i>(Rhet.)</i> <def>A pretended or apparent omission; a figure by which a speaker artfully pretends to pass by what he really mentions; as, for example, if an orator should say, "I do not speak of my adversary's scandalous venality and rapacity, his brutal conduct, his treachery and malice."</def> [Written also <i>paralepsis</i>, <i>paralepsy</i>, <i>paralipsis</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>||Par`a*lep"sis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL.] <def>See <u>Paraleipsis</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa*ra"li*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; near the sea; <grk>para`</grk> beside + &?; the sea.] <def>A dweller by the sea.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>||Par`a*li*pom"e*non</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [L., fr. Gr. <grk>paraleipome`nwn</grk> of things omitted, pass. p. pr. (neuter genitive plural) fr. &?; to omit.] <def>A title given in the Douay Bible to the Books of Chronicles.</def></p>

<p>&fist; In the Septuagint these books are called <grk>Paraleipome`nwn prw^ton</grk> and <grk>dey`teron</grk>, which is understood, after Jerome's explanation, as meaning that they are supplementary to the Books of Kings <i>W. Smith.</i> </p>

<p><hw>Par`a*lip"sis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL.] <def>See <u>Paraleipsis</u>.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Par`al*lac"tic</hw> (?), <hw>Par`al*lac"tic*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>parallactique</i>.] <def>Of or pertaining to a parallax.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par"al*lax</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; alternation, the mutual inclination of two lines forming an angle, fr. &?; to change a little, go aside, deviate; <grk>para`</grk> beside, beyond + &?; to change: cf. F. <i>parallaxe</i>. Cf. <u>Parallel</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The apparent displacement, or difference of position, of an object, as seen from two different stations, or points of view.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Astron.)</i> <def>The apparent difference in position of a body (as the sun, or a star) as seen from some point on the earth's surface, and as seen from some other conventional point, as the earth's center or the sun.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Annual parallax</b></col>, <cd>the greatest value of the heliocentric parallax, or the greatest annual apparent change of place of a body as seen from the earth and sun; as, the <i>annual parallax</i> of a fixed star.</cd> — <col><b>Binocular parallax</b></col>, <cd>the apparent difference in position of an object as seen separately by one eye, and then by the other, the head remaining unmoved.</cd> — <col><b>Diurnal</b></col>, or <col><b>Geocentric</b></col>, <col><b>parallax</b></col>, <cd>the parallax of a body with reference to the earth's center. This is the kind of parallax that is generally understood when the term is used without qualification.</cd> — <col><b>Heliocentric parallax</b></col>, <cd>the parallax of a body with reference to the sun, or the angle subtended at the body by lines drawn from it to the earth and sun; as, the <i>heliocentric parallax</i> of a planet.</cd> — <col><b>Horizontal parallax</b></col>, <cd>the geocentric parallx of a heavenly body when in the horizon, or the angle subtended at the body by the earth's radius.</cd> — <col><b>Optical parallax</b></col>, <cd>the apparent displacement in position undergone by an object when viewed by either eye singly.</cd> <i>Brande & C.</i> — <col><b>Parallax of the cross wires</b></col><cd> (of an optical instrument), their apparent displacement when the eye changes its position, caused by their not being exactly in the focus of the object glass.</cd> — <col><b>Stellar parallax</b></col>, <cd>the annual parallax of a fixed star.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Par"al*lel</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [F. <i>parall&egrave;le</i>, L. <i>parallelus</i>, fr. Gr. &?;; <grk>para`</grk> beside + &?; of one another, fr. &?; other, akin to L. <i>alius</i>. See <u>Allien</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Geom.)</i> <def>Extended in the same direction, and in all parts equally distant; as, <i>parallel</i> lines; <i>parallel</i> planes.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Revolutions . . . <i>parallel</i> to the equinoctial.</blockquote> <i>Hakluyt.</i></p>

<p>&fist; Curved lines or curved planes are said to be parallel when they are in all parts equally distant.</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Having the same direction or tendency; running side by side; being in accordance (with); tending to the same result; — used with <i>to</i> and <i>with</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>When honor runs <i>parallel</i> with the laws of God and our country, it can not be too much cherished.</blockquote> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Continuing a resemblance through many particulars; applicable in all essential parts; like; similar; as, a <i>parallel</i> case; a <i>parallel</i> passage.</def> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Parallel bar</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <i>(Steam Eng.)</i> <cd>A rod in a parallel motion which is parallel with the working beam</cd>. <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>One of a pair of bars raised about five feet above the floor or ground, and parallel to each other, — used for gymnastic exercises.</cd> — <col><b>Parallel circles of a sphere</b></col>, <cd>those circles of the sphere whose planes are parallel to each other.</cd> — <col><b>Parallel columns</b></col>, or <col><b>Parallels</b></col> <i>(Printing)</i>, <cd>two or more passages of reading matter printed side by side, for the purpose of emphasizing the similarity or discrepancy between them.</cd> — <col><b>Parallel forces</b></col> <i>(Mech.)</i>, <cd>forces which act in directions parallel to each other.</cd> — <col><b>Parallel motion</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <i>(Mach.)</i> <cd>A jointed system of links, rods, or bars, by which the motion of a reciprocating piece, as a piston rod, may be guided, either approximately or exactly in a straight line</cd>. <i>Rankine.</i> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <i>(Mus.)</i> <cd>The ascending or descending of two or more parts at fixed intervals, as thirds or sixths.</cd> — <col><b>Parallel rod</b></col> <i>(Locomotive Eng.)</i>, <cd>a metal rod that connects the crank pins of two or more driving wheels; — called also <i>couping rod</i>, in distinction from the <i>connecting rod</i>. See <i>Illust.</i> of <u>Locomotive</u>, in App.</cd> — <col><b>Parallel ruler</b></col>, <cd>an instrument for drawing parallel lines, so constructed as to have the successive positions of the ruling edge parallel to each other; also, one consisting of two movable parts, the opposite edges of which are always parallel.</cd> - - <col><b>Parallel sailing</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>sailing on a parallel of latitude.</cd> — <col><b>Parallel sphere</b></col> <i>(Astron. & Geog.)</i>, <cd>that position of the sphere in which the circles of daily motion are parallel to the horizon, as to an observer at either pole.</cd> — <col><b>Parallel vise</b></col>, <cd>a vise having jaws so guided as to remain parallel in all positions.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Par"al*lel</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A line which, throughout its whole extent, is equidistant from another line; a parallel line, a parallel plane, etc.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Who made the spider <i>parallels</i> design,<BR> Sure as De Moivre, without rule or line ?</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Direction conformable to that of another line,</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Lines that from their <i>parallel</i> decline.</blockquote> <i>Garth.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Conformity continued through many particulars or in all essential points; resemblance; similarity.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Twixt earthly females and the moon<BR> All <i>parallels</i> exactly run.</blockquote> <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>A comparison made; elaborate tracing of similarity; as, Johnson's <i>parallel</i> between Dryden and Pope.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>Anything equal to, or resembling, another in all essential particulars; a counterpart.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>None but thyself can be thy <i>parallel</i>.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <i>(Geog.)</i> <def>One of the imaginary circles on the surface of the earth, parallel to the equator, marking the latitude; also, the corresponding line on a globe or map.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <i>(Mil.)</i> <def>One of a series of long trenches constructed before a besieged fortress, by the besieging force, as a cover for troops supporting the attacking batteries. They are roughly parallel to the line of outer defenses of the fortress.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>8.</b></sn> <i>(Print.)</i> <def>A character consisting of two parallel vertical lines (thus, ||) used in the text to direct attention to a similarly marked note in the margin or at the foot of a page.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Limiting parallels</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Limit</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos></cd> — <col><b>Parallel of altitude</b></col> <i>(Astron.)</i>, <cd>one of the small circles of the sphere, parallel to the horizon; an almucantar.</cd> — <col><b>Parallel of declination</b></col> <i>(Astron.)</i>, <cd>one of the small circles of the sphere, parallel to the equator.</cd> — <col><b>Parallel of latitude</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <i>(Geog.)</i> <cd>See def. 6. above.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <i>(Astron.)</i> <cd>One of the small circles of the sphere, parallel to the ecliptic.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Par"al*lel</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Paralleled</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Paralleling</u> (?).] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To place or set so as to be parallel; to place so as to be parallel to, or to conform in direction with, something else.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The needle . . . doth <i>parallel</i> and place itself upon the true meridian.</blockquote> <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Fig.: To make to conform to something else in character, motive, aim, or the like.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>His life is <i>paralleled</i><BR> Even with the stroke and line of his great justice.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To equal; to match; to correspond to.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To produce or adduce as a parallel.</def> [R.] <i>Locke.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>My young remembrance can not <i>parallel</i><BR> A fellow to it.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Par"al*lel</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To be parallel; to correspond; to be like.</def> [Obs.] <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><hw>Par"al*lel`a*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Capable of being paralleled, or equaled.</def> [R.] <i>Bp. Hall.</i></p>

<p><hw>Par"al*lel*ism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to place side by side, or parallel: cf. F. <i>parall&eacute;lisme</i>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The quality or state of being parallel.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Resemblance; correspondence; similarity.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A close <i>parallelism</i> of thought and incident.</blockquote> <i>T. Warton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Similarity of construction or meaning of clauses placed side by side, especially clauses expressing the same sentiment with slight modifications, as is common in Hebrew poetry; <i>e. g.</i>: —<BR> <BR> <blockquote>At her feet he bowed, he fell:<BR> Where he bowed, there he fell down dead.</blockquote> <i>Judg. v. 27.</i></def></p>

<p><hw>Par`al*lel*is"tic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of the nature of a parallelism; involving parallelism.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The antithetic or <i>parallelistic</i> form of Hebrew poetry is entirely lost.</blockquote> <i>Milman.</i></p>

<p><hw>Par"al*lel*ize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To render parallel.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Par"al*lel*less</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Matchless.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Par"al*lel*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a parallel manner; with parallelism.</def> [R.] <i>Dr. H. More.</i></p>

<p><hw>Par`al*lel"o*gram</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;; &?; parallel + &?; to write: cf. F. <i>parall&eacute;logramme</i>. See <u>Parallel</u>, and <u>-gram</u>.] <i>(Geom.)</i> <def>A right-lined quadrilateral figure, whose opposite sides are parallel, and consequently equal; — sometimes restricted in popular usage to a rectangle, or quadrilateral figure which is longer than it is broad, and with right angles.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Parallelogram of velocities</b></col>, <col><b>forces</b></col>, <col><b>accelerations</b></col>, <col><b>momenta</b></col>, etc. <i>(Mech.)</i>, <cd>a parallelogram the diagonal of which represents the resultant of two velocities, forces, accelerations, momenta, etc., both in quantity and direction, when the velocities, forces, accelerations, momenta, etc., are represented in quantity and direction by the two adjacent sides of the parallelogram.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Par`al*lel`o*gram*mat"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to a parallelogram; parallelogrammic.</def></p>

<p><! p. 1041 !></p>

<p>{ <hw>Par`al*lel`o*gram"mic</hw> (?), <hw>Par`al*lel`o*gram"mic*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having the properties of a parallelogram.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Par`al*lel`o*pi"ped</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; a body with parallel surfaces; &?; parallel + &?; a plane surface, &?; on the ground, or level with it, level, flat; &?; on + &?; the ground: cf. F. <i>parall&eacute;lopip&egrave;de</i>.] <i>(Geom.)</i> <def>A solid, the faces of which are six parallelograms, the opposite pairs being parallel, and equal to each other; a prism whose base is a parallelogram.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par`al*lel`o*pip"e*don</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL.] <def>A parallelopiped.</def> <i>Hutton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Par`a*log"ic*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Containing paralogism; illogical.</def> "<i>Paralogical</i> doubt." <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pa*ral"o*gism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to reason falsely; <grk>para`</grk> beside + &?; to reason, &?; discourse, reason: cf. F. <i>paralogisme</i>.] <i>(Logic)</i> <def>A reasoning which is false in point of form, that is, which is contrary to logical rules or formul&aelig;; a formal fallacy, or pseudo- syllogism, in which the conclusion does not follow from the premises.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa*ral"o*gize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Paralogized</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Paralogizing</u> (?).] [Gr. &?;.] <def>To reason falsely; to draw conclusions not warranted by the premises.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Pa*ral"o*gy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;; <grk>para`</grk> beside, beyond + &?; reason.] <def>False reasoning; paralogism.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par"a*lyse</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Paralyze</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa*ral"y*sis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to loosen, dissolve, or disable at the side; <grk>para`</grk> beside + &?; to loosen. See <u>Para-</u>, and <u>Loose</u>, and cf. <u>Palsy</u>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Abolition of function, whether complete or partial; esp., the loss of the power of voluntary motion, with or without that of sensation, in any part of the body; palsy. See <u>Hemiplegia</u>, and <u>Paraplegia</u>. Also used figuratively.</def> "Utter <i>paralysis</i> of memory." <i>G. Eliot.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Mischievous practices arising out of the <i>paralysis</i> of the powers of ownership.</blockquote> <i>Duke of Argyll (1887).</i></p>

<p><hw>Par`a*lyt"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>paralyticus</i>, Gr. &?;: cf. F. <i>paralytique</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Of or pertaining to paralysis; resembling paralysis.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Affected with paralysis, or palsy.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The cold, shaking, <i>paralytic</i> hand.</blockquote> <i>Prior.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Inclined or tending to paralysis.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Paralytic secretion</b></col> <i>(Physiol.)</i>, <cd>the fluid, generally thin and watery, secreted from a gland after section or paralysis of its nerves, as the pralytic saliva.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Par`a*lyt"ic</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A person affected with paralysis.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par`a*lyt"ic*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Paralytic</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par`a*ly*za"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The act or process of paralyzing, or the state of being paralyzed.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par"a*lyze</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Paralyzed</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Paralyzing</u> (?).] [F. <i>paralyser</i>. See <u>Paralysis</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To affect or strike with paralysis or palsy.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Fig.: To unnerve; to destroy or impair the energy of; to render ineffective; as, the occurrence <i>paralyzed</i> the community; despondency <i>paralyzed</i> his efforts.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par"am</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A white crystalline nitrogenous substance (C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>N<sub>4</sub>); — called also <i>dicyandiamide</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par`a*mag*net"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>para- </i> + <i>magnetic</i>.] <def>Magnetic, as opposed to <i>diamagnetic</i>.</def> — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A paramagnetic substance.</def> <i>Faraday.</i> — <wf>Par`a*mag*net"ic*al*ly</wf> (#), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Par`a*mag"net*ism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Magnetism, as opposed to <i>diamagnetism</i>.</def> <i>Faraday.</i></p>

<p><hw>Par`a*ma*le"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>para- </i> + <i>maleic</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, an acid obtained from malic acid, and now called <i>fumaric acid</i>.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Par`a*ma"lic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>para-</i> + <i>malic</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, an organic acid metameric with malic acid.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par`a*mas"toid</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>para- </i> + <i>mastoid</i>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Situated beside, or near, the mastoid portion of the temporal bone; paroccipital; — applied especially to a process of the skull in some animals.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par`a*mat"ta</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [So named from <i>Paramatta</i>, in Australia.] <def>A light fabric of cotton and worsted, resembling bombazine or merino.</def> <i>Beck (Draper's Dict.)</i></p>

<p><hw>Par"a*ment</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Sp. <i>paramento</i>, from <i>parar</i> to prepare, L. <i>parare</i>.] <def>Ornamental hangings, furniture, etc., as of a state apartment; rich and elegant robes worn by men of rank; — chiefly in the plural.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Lords in <i>paraments</i> on their coursers.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Chamber of paraments</b></col>, <cd>presence chamber of a monarch.</cd></p>

<p><hw>||Pa`ra*men"to</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Sp.] <def>Ornament; decoration.</def> <i>Beau. & Fl.</i></p>

<p><hw>Par"a*mere</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>para-</i> + <i>-mere</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of the symmetrical halves of any one of the radii, or spheromeres, of a radiate animal, as a starfish.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa*ram"e*ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>para-</i> + <i>-meter</i>: cf. F. <i>param&egrave;tre</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <i>(Math.)</i> <def>A term applied to some characteristic magnitude whose value, invariable as long as one and the same function, curve, surface, etc., is considered, serves to distinguish that function, curve, surface, etc., from others of the same kind or family.</def> <i>Brande & C.</i> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>Specifically <i>(Conic Sections)</i>, in the ellipse and hyperbola, a third proportional to any diameter and its conjugate, or in the parabola, to any abscissa and the corresponding ordinate.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The <i>parameter</i> of the principal axis of a conic section is called the <i>latus rectum</i>.</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Crystallog.)</i> <def>The ratio of the three crystallographic axes which determines the position of any plane; also, the fundamental axial ratio for a given species.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Par`a*me*tri"tis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Para-</u>, and <u>Metritis</u>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Inflammation of the cellular tissue in the vicinity of the uterus.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par`a*mi*og"ra*pher</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; proverb + <i>-graph + -er</i>.] <def>A collector or writer of proverbs.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Par`a*mi"tome</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>para- </i> + <i>mitome</i>.] <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>The fluid portion of the protoplasm of a cell.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pa"ra*mo</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Paramos</b></plw> (#). [Sp. <i>p&aelig;ramo</i>.] <def>A high, bleak plateau or district, with stunted trees, and cold, damp atmosphere, as in the Andes, in South America.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par"a*morph</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>para-</i> + Gr. &?; form.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>A kind of pseudomorph, in which there has been a change of physical characters without alteration of chemical composition, as the change of aragonite to calcite.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par`a*mor"phism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Min.)</i> <def>The change of one mineral species to another, so as to involve a change in physical characters without alteration of chemical composition.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par`a*mor"phous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Min.)</i> <def>Relating to paramorphism; exhibiting paramorphism.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par"a*mount</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [OF. <i>par amont</i> above; <i>par</i> through, by (L. <i>per</i>) + <i>amont</i> above. See <u>Amount</u>.] <def>Having the highest rank or jurisdiction; superior to all others; chief; supreme; pre&euml;minent; as, a <i>paramount</i> duty.</def> "A traitor <i>paramount</i>." <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Lady paramount</b></col> <i>(Archery)</i>, <cd>the lady making the best score.</cd> — <col><b>Lord paramount</b></col>, <cd>the king.</cd></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> Superior; principal; pre&euml;minent; chief.</p>

<p><hw>Par"a*mount</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The highest or chief.</def> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Par"a*mount`ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a paramount manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par"a*mour</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>par amour</i>, lit., by or with love. See 2d <u>Par</u>, and <u>Amour</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A lover, of either sex; a wooer or a mistress (formerly in a good sense, now only in a bad one); one who takes the place, without possessing the rights, of a husband or wife; — used of a man or a woman.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The seducer appeared with dauntless front, accompanied by his <i>paramour</i></blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Love; gallantry.</def> [Obs.] "For <i>paramour</i> and jollity." <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Par"a*mour`</hw>, <hw>Par"a*mours`</hw> (?) }, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>By or with love, esp. the love of the sexes; — sometimes written as two words.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>For <i>par amour</i>, I loved her first ere thou.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Par*am"y*lum</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. <grk>para`</grk> beside + &?; starch.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A substance resembling starch, found in the green frothy scum formed on the surface of stagnant water.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par`a*naph"tha*lene</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>para-</i> + <i>naphthalene</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Anthracene; — called also <i>paranaphthaline</i>.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>||Par`a*noi"a</hw> (p&abreve;r`&adot;*noi"&adot;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. <grk>para`noia</grk>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Mental derangement; insanity.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par*an"thra*cene</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>par</i>a- + <i>anthracene</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>An inert isomeric modification of anthracene.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par`a*nu"cle*us</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>para- </i> + <i>nucleus</i>.] <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>Some as <u>Nucleolus</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa*ra" nut`</hw> (p&adot;*r&auml;" n&ubreve;t`). <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The Brazil nut.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par"a*nymph</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>paranymphus</i>, Gr. &?;; <grk>para`</grk> beside, near + &?; a bride: cf. F. <i>paranymphe</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Gr. Antiq.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A friend of the bridegroom who went with him in his chariot to fetch home the bride.</def> <i>Milton.</i> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The bridesmaid who conducted the bride to the bridegroom.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> Hence: <def>An ally; a supporter or abettor.</def> <i>Jer. Taylor.</i></p>

<p><hw>Par`a*nym"phal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Bridal; nuptial.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>At some <i>paranymphal</i> feast.</blockquote> <i>Ford.</i></p>

<p><hw>Par`a*pec"tin</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>para- </i> + <i>pectin</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A gelatinous modification of pectin.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par"a*pegm</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>parapegma</i>, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to fix beside; <grk>para`</grk> beside + &?; to fix: cf. F. <i>parapegme</i>.] <def>An engraved tablet, usually of brass, set up in a public place.</def></p>

<p>&fist; <i>Parapegms</i> were used for the publication of laws, proclamations, etc., and the recording of astronomical phenomena or calendar events.</p>

<p><hw>Par`a*pep"tone</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>para- </i> + <i>peptone</i>.] <i>(Phisiol. Chem.)</i> <def>An albuminous body formed in small quantity by the peptic digestion of proteids. It can be converted into peptone by pancreatic juice, but not by gastric juice.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par"a*pet</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., fr. It. <i>parapetto</i>, fr. <i>parare</i> to ward off, guard (L. <i>parare</i> to prepare, provide) + <i>petto</i> the breast, L. <i>pectus</i>. See <u>Parry</u>, and <u>Pectoral</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>A low wall, especially one serving to protect the edge of a platform, roof, bridge, or the like.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Fort.)</i> <def>A wall, rampart, or elevation of earth, for covering soldiers from an enemy's fire; a breastwork. See <i>Illust.</i> of <u>Casemate</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par`a*pet"al*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>para- </i> + <i>petal</i>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Growing by the side of a petal, as a stamen.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par"a*pet`ed</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having a parapet.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par"aph</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>paraphe</i>, <i>parafe</i>, contr. fr. <i>paragraphe</i>.] <def>A flourish made with the pen at the end of a signature. In the Middle Ages, this formed a sort of rude safeguard against forgery.</def> <i>Brande & C.</i></p>

<p><hw>Par"aph</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Paraphed</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Paraphing</u>.] [Cf. F. <i>parapher</i>, <i>parafer</i>.] <def>To add a paraph to; to sign, esp. with the initials.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Par`a*pher"na</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [L.] <i>(Rom. Law)</i> <def>The property of a woman which, on her marriage, was not made a part of her dower, but remained her own.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par`a*pher"nal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>paraphernal</i>.] <def>Of or pertaining to paraphernalia; as, <i>paraphernal</i> property.</def> <i>Kent.</i></p>

<p><hw>Par`a*pher*na"li*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [LL. <i>paraphernalia bona</i>, fr. L. <i>parapherna</i>, pl., parapherna, Gr. &?;; <grk>para`</grk> beside + &?; a bride's dowry, fr. <grk>fe`rein</grk> to bring. See 1st <u>Bear</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Law)</i> <def>Something reserved to a wife, over and above her dower, being chiefly apparel and ornaments suited to her degree.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Appendages; ornaments; finery; equipments.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Par`a*phi*mo"sis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?;; &?; beyond + &?; to muzzle.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>A condition in which the prepuce, after being retracted behind the glans penis, is constricted there, and can not be brought forward into place again.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par`a*phos*phor"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>para-</i> + <i>phosphoric</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Pyrophosphoric.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>||Par`a*phrag"ma</hw> (-fr&abreve;g"m&adot;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Paraphragmata</b></plw> (#). [NL., fr. Gr. <grk>para`</grk> beside + &?;, &?;, an inclosure.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of the outer divisions of an endosternite of Crustacea.</def> — <wf>Par`a*phrag"mal</wf> (#), <pos><i>a.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Par"a*phrase</hw> (p&abreve;r"&adot;*fr&amacr;z), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>paraphrasis</i>, Gr. <grk>para`frasis</grk>, from <grk>parafra`zein</grk> to say the same thing in other words; <grk>para`</grk> beside + <grk>fra`zein</grk> to speak: cf. F. <i>paraphrase</i>. See <u>Para-</u>, and <u>Phrase</u>.] <def>A restatement of a text, passage, or work, expressing the meaning of the original in another form, generally for the sake of its clearer and fuller exposition; a setting forth the signification of a text in other and ampler terms; a free translation or rendering; — opposed to <i>metaphrase</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>In <i>paraphrase</i>, or translation with latitude, the author's words are not so strictly followed as his sense.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Excellent <i>paraphrases</i> of the Psalms of David.</blockquote> <i>I. Disraeli.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>His sermons a living <i>paraphrase</i> upon his practice.</blockquote> <i>Sowth.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The Targums are also called the Chaldaic or Aramaic <i>Paraphrases</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shipley.</i></p>

<p><hw>Par"a*phrase</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Paraphrased</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Paraphrasing</u> (?).] <def>To express, interpret, or translate with latitude; to give the meaning of a passage in other language.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>We are put to construe and <i>paraphrase</i> our own words.</blockquote> <i>Bp. Stillingfleet.</i></p>

<p><hw>Par"a*phrase</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To make a paraphrase.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par"a*phra`ser</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who paraphrases.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par`a*phra"sian</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A paraphraser.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Par"a*phrast</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>paraphrastes</i>, Gr. &?;: cf. F. <i>paraphraste</i>.] <def>A paraphraser.</def> <i>T. Warton.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Par`a*phras"tic</hw> (?), <hw>Par`a*phras"tic*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr.&?;: cf. F. <i>paraphrastique</i>.] <def>Paraphrasing; of the nature of paraphrase; explaining, or translating in words more clear and ample than those of the author; not literal; free.</def> — <wf>Par`a*phras"tic*al*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>||Pa*raph"y*sis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Paraphyses</b></plw> (#). [NL., fr. Gr. <grk>para`</grk> beside + &?; growth.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A minute jointed filament growing among the archegonia and antheridia of mosses, or with the spore cases, etc., of other flowerless plants.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>||Par`a*ple"gi*a</hw> (?), <hw>Par"a*ple`gy</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL. <i>paraplegia</i>, fr. Gr. &?; hemiplegia, fr. &?; to strike at the side; <grk>para`</grk> beside + &?; to strike: cf. F. <i>parapl&eacute;gie</i>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Palsy of the lower half of the body on both sides, caused usually by disease of the spinal cord.</def> — <wf>Par`a*pleg"ic</wf> (#), <pos><i>a.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>||Par`a*pleu"ra</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Parapleur&aelig;</b></plw> (#). [NL. See <u>Para-</u>, and 2d <u>Pleura</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A chitinous piece between the metasternum and the pleuron of certain insects.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Par`a*po"di*um</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Parapodia</b></plw> (#). [NL., fr. Gr. <grk>para`</grk> beside + &?;, dim. of &?; foot.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of the lateral appendages of an annelid; — called also <i>foot tubercle</i>.</def></p>

<p>&fist; They may serve for locomotion, respiration, and sensation, and often contain spines or set&aelig;. When well developed, a dorsal part, or <i>notopodium</i>, and a ventral part, or <i>neuropodium</i>, are distinguished.</p>

<p><hw>Par`a*poph"y*sis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Parapophyses</b></plw> (#). [NL. See <u>Para-</u>, and <u>Apophysis</u>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>The ventral transverse, or capitular, process of a vertebra. See <u>Vertebra</u>.</def> — <wf>Par*ap`o*phys"ic*al</wf> (#), <pos><i>a.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>||Pa*rap"te*rum</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Paraptera</b></plw> (#). [NL. See <u>Para-</u>, and <u>Pteron</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A special plate situated on the sides of the mesothorax and metathorax of certain insects.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Par`a*quet"</hw> (?), <hw>Par`a*qui"to</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Paroquet</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>See <u>Parrakeet</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par"a*sang</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>parasanga</i>, Gr. &?;, from Old Persian; cf. Per. <i>farsang</i>.] <def>A Persian measure of length, which, according to Herodotus and Xenophon, was thirty stadia, or somewhat more than three and a half miles. The measure varied in different times and places, and, as now used, is estimated at from three and a half to four English miles.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Par`a*sce"ni*um</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Parascenia</b></plw> (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?;; <grk>para`</grk> beside + &?; stage.] <i>(Greek & Rom. Antiq.)</i> <def>One of two apartments adjoining the stage, probably used as robing rooms.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Par`a*sce"ve</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., from Gr. &?;, lit., preparation.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Among the Jews, the evening before the Sabbath.</def> [Obs.] <i>Mark xv. 42 (Douay ver.)</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A preparation.</def> [R.] <i>Donne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Par`a*sche*mat"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; to change from the true form.] <def>Of or pertaining to a change from the right form, as in the formation of a word from another by a change of termination, gender, etc.</def> <i>Max M&uuml;ller.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Par`a*se*le"ne</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Paraselen&aelig;</b></plw> (#). [NL., from Gr. <grk>para`</grk> beside + &?; the moon: cf. F. <i>paras&eacute;l&egrave;ne</i>.] <i>(Meteor.)</i> <def>A mock moon; an image of the moon which sometimes appears at the point of intersection of two lunar halos. Cf. <u>Parhelion</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Par`a*si"ta</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>An artificial group formerly made for parasitic insects, as lice, ticks, mites, etc.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A division of copepod Crustacea, having a sucking mouth, as the lerneans. They are mostly parasites on fishes. Called also <i>Siphonostomata</i>.</def></p>

<p><! p. 1042 !></p>

<p><hw>Par"a*si`tal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Bot. & Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to parasites; parasitic.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par"a*site</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., fr. L. <i>parasitus</i>, Gr. &?;, lit., eating beside, or at the table of, another; <grk>para`</grk> beside + &?; to feed, from &?; wheat, grain, food.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who frequents the tables of the rich, or who lives at another's expense, and earns his welcome by flattery; a hanger-on; a toady; a sycophant.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Thou, with trembling fear,<BR> Or like a fawning <i>parasite</i>, obey'st.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Parasites</i> were called such smell-feasts as would seek to be free guests at rich men's tables.</blockquote> <i>Udall.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A plant obtaining nourishment immediately from other plants to which it attaches itself, and whose juices it absorbs; — sometimes, but erroneously, called <i>epiphyte</i>.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A plant living on or within an animal, and supported at its expense, as many species of fungi of the genus <i>Torrubia</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>An animal which lives during the whole or part of its existence on or in the body of some other animal, feeding upon its food, blood, or tissues, as lice, tapeworms, etc.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>An animal which steals the food of another, as the parasitic jager.</def> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <def>An animal which habitually uses the nest of another, as the cowbird and the European cuckoo.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Par`a*sit"ic</hw> (?), <hw>Par`a*sit"ic*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>parasiticus</i>, Gr. &?;: cf. F. <i>parasitique</i>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Of the nature of a parasite; fawning for food or favors; sycophantic.</def> "<i>Parasitic</i> preachers." <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Bot. & Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to parasites; living on, or deriving nourishment from, some other living animal or plant. See <u>Parasite</u>, 2 & 3.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Parasitic gull</b></col>, <col><b>Parasitic jager</b></col>. <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <cd>See <u>Jager</u>.</cd></p>

<p>— <wf>Par`a*sit"ic*al*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Par`a*sit"ic*al*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Par`a*sit"i*cide</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Parasite</i> + L. <i>caedere</i> to kill.] <def>Anything used to destroy parasites.</def> <i>Quain.</i></p>

<p><hw>Par"a*si`tism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>parasitisme</i>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The state or behavior of a parasite; the act of a parasite.</def> "Court <i>parasitism</i>." <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Bot. & Zo&ouml;l.)</i><def>The state of being parasitic.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par"a*sol`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., fr. Sp. or Pg. <i>parasol</i>, or It. <i>parasole</i>; It. <i>parare</i> to ward off, Sp. & Pg. <i>parar</i> (L. <i>parare</i> to prepare) + It. <i>sole</i> sun, Sp. & Pg. <i>sol</i> (L. <i>sol</i>). See <u>Parry</u>, <u>Solar</u>.] <def>A kind of small umbrella used by women as a protection from the sun.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par"a*sol`</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To shade as with a parasol.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Par`a*sol*ette"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A small parasol.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par`a*sphe"noid</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>para- </i> + <i>sphenoid</i>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Near the sphenoid bone; - - applied especially to a bone situated immediately beneath the sphenoid in the base of the skull in many animals.</def> — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The parasphenoid bone.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa*ras"ti*chy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>para- </i> + Gr. &?; a row.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A secondary spiral in phyllotaxy, as one of the evident spirals in a pine cone.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Par`a*syn*ax"is</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., fr. Gr. &?;, from &?; to assemble illegally or secretly.] <i>(Civil Law)</i> <def>An unlawful meeting.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par`a*syn*thet"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;. See <u>Para-</u>, and <u>Synthetic</u>.] <def>Formed from a compound word.</def> "<i>Parasynthetic</i> derivatives." <i>Dr. Murray.</i></p>

<p><hw>Par`a*tac"tic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Gram.)</i> <def>Of pertaining to, or characterized by, parataxis.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Par`a*tax"is</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a placing beside, fr. &?; to place beside.] <i>(Gram.)</i> <def>The mere ranging of propositions one after another, without indicating their connection or interdependence; — opposed to <i>syntax</i>.</def> <i>Brande & C.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Pa*rath"e*sis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Paratheses</b></plw> (#). [NL., from Gr. &?; a putting beside, from &?; to put beside.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Gram.)</i> <def>The placing of two or more nouns in the same case; apposition.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Rhet.)</i> <def>A parenthetical notice, usually of matter to be afterward expanded.</def> <i>Smart.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Print.)</i> <def>The matter contained within brackets.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Eccl.)</i> <def>A commendatory prayer.</def> <i>Shipley.</i></p>

<p><hw>Par`a*thet"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to parathesis.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pa`ra`ton`nerre"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., fr. <i>parer</i> to parry + <i>tonnerre</i> thunderbolt.] <def>A conductor of lightning; a lightning rod.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par*aun"ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> [<i>Par</i> + <i>aunter</i>.] <def>Peradventure. See <u>Paraventure</u>.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Pa*rauque"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A bird (<i>Nyctidromus albicollis</i>) ranging from Texas to South America. It is allied to the night hawk and goatsucker.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par`a*vail"</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [OF. <i>par aval</i> below; <i>par</i> through (L. <i>per</i>) + <i>aval</i> down; <i>a- </i> (L. <i>ad</i>) + <i>val</i> (L. <i>vallis</i>) a valley. Cf. <u>Paramount</u>.] <i>(Eng. Law)</i> <def>At the bottom; lowest.</def> <i>Cowell.</i></p>

<p>&fist; In feudal law, the tenant <i>paravail</i> is the lowest tenant of the fee, or he who is immediate tenant to one who holds over of another. <i>Wharton.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Par"a*vant`</hw> (?), <hw>Par"a*vant`</hw> (?), } <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> [OF. <i>par avant</i>. See <u>Par</u>, and lst <u>Avaunt</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>In front; publicly.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Beforehand; first.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Par`a*ven"ture</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> [<i>Par</i> + <i>aventure</i>.] <def>Peradventure; perchance.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Par`a*xan"thin</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>Para- </i> + <i>xanthin</i>.] <i>(Physiol. Chem.)</i> <def>A crystalline substance closely related to xanthin, present in small quantity in urine.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par*ax"i*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>para-</i> + <i>axial</i>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>On either side of the axis of the skeleton.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par`a*xy"lene</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A hydrocarbon of the aromatic series obtained as a colorless liquid by the distillation of camphor with zinc chloride. It is one of the three metamers of xylene. Cf. <u>Metamer</u>, and <u>Xylene</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par"boil`</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Parboiled</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Parboiling</u>.] [OE. <i>parboilen</i>, OF. <i>parbouillir</i> to cook well; <i>par</i> through (see <u>Par</u>) + <i>bouillir</i> to boil, L. <i>bullire</i>. The sense has been influenced by E. <i>part</i>. See lst <u>Boil</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To boil or cook thoroughly.</def> [Obs.] <i>B. Jonson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To boil in part; to cook partially by boiling.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par"break`</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i. & t.</i></pos> [<i>Par</i> + <i>break</i>.] <def>To throw out; to vomit.</def> [Obs.] <i>Skelton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Par"break`</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Vomit.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Par"buc`kle</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A kind of purchase for hoisting or lowering a cylindrical burden, as a cask. The middle of a long rope is made fast aloft, and both parts are looped around the object, which rests in the loops, and rolls in them as the ends are hauled up or payed out.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A double sling made of a single rope, for slinging a cask, gun, etc.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par"buc`kle</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Parbuckled</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Parbuckling</u> (?).] <def>To hoist or lower by means of a parbuckle.</def> <i>Totten.</i></p>

<p><hw>Par"c&aelig;</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [L.] <def>The Fates. See <u>Fate</u>, 4.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par*case"</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> [<i>Par</i> + <i>case</i>.] <def>Perchance; by chance.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Par"cel</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>parcelle</i> a small part, fr. (assumed) LL. <i>particella</i>, dim. of L. <i>pars</i>. See <u>Part</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, and cf. <u>Particle</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A portion of anything taken separately; a fragment of a whole; a part.</def> [Archaic] "A <i>parcel</i> of her woe." <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Two <i>parcels</i> of the white of an egg.</blockquote> <i>Arbuthnot.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>parcels</i> of the nation adopted different forms of self-government.</blockquote> <i>J. A. Symonds.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Law)</i> <def>A part; a portion; a piece; as, a certain piece of land is part and <i>parcel</i> of another piece.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>An indiscriminate or indefinite number, measure, or quantity; a collection; a group.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>This youthful <i>parcel</i><BR> Of noble bachelors stand at my disposing.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>A number or quantity of things put up together; a bundle; a package; a packet.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>'Tis like a <i>parcel</i> sent you by the stage.</blockquote> <i>Cowper.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Bill of parcels</b></col>. <cd>See under 6th <u>Bill</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Parcel office</b></col>, <cd>an office where parcels are received for keeping or forwarding and delivery.</cd> — <col><b>Parcel post</b></col>, <cd>that department of the post office concerned with the collection and transmission of parcels.</cd> — <col><b>Part and parcel</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Part</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Par"cel</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Parceled</u> (?) or <u>Parcelled</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Parceling</u> or <u>Parcelling</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To divide and distribute by parts or portions; — often with <i>out</i> or <i>into</i>.</def> "Their woes are <i>parceled</i>, mine are general." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>These ghostly kings would <i>parcel</i> out my power.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The broad woodland <i>parceled</i> into farms.</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To add a parcel or item to; to itemize.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>That mine own servant should<BR> <i>Parcel</i> the sum of my disgraces by<BR> Addition of his envy.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To make up into a parcel; as, to <i>parcel</i> a customer's purchases; the machine <i>parcels</i> yarn, wool, etc.</def></p>

<p><col><b>To parcel a rope</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>to wind strips of tarred canvas tightly arround it.</cd> <i>Totten.</i> — <col><b>To parcel a seam</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>to cover it with a strip of tarred canvas.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Par"cel</hw>, <pos><i>a. & adv.</i></pos> <def>Part or half; in part; partially. <i>Shak.</i> [Sometimes hyphened with the word following.]</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The worthy dame was <i>parcel</i>-blind.</blockquote> <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>One that . . . was <i>parcel</i>-bearded [partially bearded].</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Parcel poet</b></col>, <cd>a half poet; a poor poet.</cd> [Obs.] <i>B. Jonson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Par"cel*ing</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Written also <i>parcelling</i>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of dividing and distributing in portions or parts.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>Long, narrow slips of canvas daubed with tar and wound about a rope like a bandage, before it is served; used, also, in mousing on the stayes, etc.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par"cel-mele`</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> [See <u>Parcel</u>, and <u>Meal</u> a part.] <def>By parcels or parts.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Par"ce*na*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Parcener</u>, <u>partner</u>.] <i>(Law)</i> <def>The holding or occupation of an inheritable estate which descends from the ancestor to two or more persons; coheirship.</def></p>

<p>&fist; It differs in many respects from <i>joint tenancy</i>, which is created by deed or devise. In the United States there is no essential distinction between parcenary and tenancy in common. <i>Wharton. Kent.</i></p>

<p><hw>Par"ce*ner</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Of. <i>par&ccedil;onnier</i>, <i>parsonnier</i>, fr. <i>parzon</i>, <i>par&ccedil;un</i>, <i>parcion</i>, part, portion, fr. L. <i>partitio</i> a division. See <u>Partition</u>, and cf. <u>Partner</u>.] <i>(Law)</i> <def>A coheir, or one of two or more persons to whom an estate of inheritance descends jointly, and by whom it is held as one estate.</def></p>

<p><hw>Parch</hw> (p&auml;rch), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Parched</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Parching</u>.] [OE. <i>perchen</i> to pierce, hence used of a piercing heat or cold, OF. <i>perchier</i>, another form of <i>percier</i>, F. <i>percer</i>. See <u>Pierce</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To burn the surface of; to scorch; to roast over the fire, as dry grain; as, to <i>parch</i> the skin; to <i>parch</i> corn.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Ye shall eat neither bread, nor <i>parched</i> corn.</blockquote> <i>Lev. xxiii. 14.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To dry to extremity; to shrivel with heat; as, the mouth is <i>parched</i> from fever.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The ground below is <i>parched</i>.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Parch</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To become scorched or superficially burnt; to be very dry.</def> "<i>Parch</i> in Afric sun." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Parch"ed*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The state of being parched.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par*che"si</hw> (p&auml;r*ch&emacr;"z&ibreve;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Pachisi</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Parch"ing</hw> (p&auml;rch"&ibreve;ng), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Scorching; burning; drying.</def> "Summer's <i>parching</i> heat." <i>Shak.</i> — <wf>Parch"ing*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Parch"ment</hw> (-m<i>e</i>nt), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>parchemin</i>, <i>perchemin</i>, F. <i>parchemin</i>, LL. <i>pergamenum</i>, L. <i>pergamena</i>, <i>pergamina</i>, fr. L. <i>Pergamenus</i> of or belonging to <i>Pergamus</i> an ancient city of Mysia in Asia Minor, where parchment was first used.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The skin of a lamb, sheep, goat, young calf, or other animal, prepared for writing on. See <u>Vellum</u>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>But here's a <i>parchment</i> with the seal of C&aelig;sar.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The envelope of the coffee grains, inside the pulp.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Parchment paper</b></col>. <cd>See <u>Papyrine</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Par"ci*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>parcitas</i>, fr. <i>parcus</i> sparing.] <def>Sparingless.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Par"close</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. See <u>Perclose</u>.] <i>(Eccl. Arch.)</i> <def>A screen separating a chapel from the body of the church.</def> [Written also <i>paraclose</i> and <i>perclose</i>.] <i>Hook.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pard</hw> (p&auml;rd), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>pardus</i>, Gr. <grk>pa`rdos</grk>; cf. Skr. <i>p&rsdot;d&amacr;ku</i> tiger, panther.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A leopard; a panther.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>And more pinch-spotted make them<BR> Than <i>pard</i> or cat o'mountain.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Par"dale</hw> (p&auml;r"d&asl;l), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>pardalis</i>, Gr. <grk>pa`rdalis</grk>. Cf. <u>Pard</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A leopard.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Par*de"</hw> (?), <hw>Par*die"</hw> (?) }, <pos><i>adv. or interj.</i></pos> [F. <i>pardi</i>, for <i>par Dieu</i> by God.] <def>Certainly; surely; truly; verily; — originally an oath.</def> [Written also <i>pardee</i>, <i>pardieux</i>, <i>perdie</i>, etc.] [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>He was, <i>parde</i>, an old fellow of yours.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Par"dine</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Spotted like a pard.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Pardine lynx</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a species of lynx (<i>Felis pardina</i>) inhabiting Southern Europe. Its color is rufous, spotted with black.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Par"do</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Pg. <i>pardao</i>, fr. Skr. <i>prat&amacr;pa</i> splendor, majesty.] <def>A money of account in Goa, India, equivalent to about 2s. 6d. sterling. or 60 cts.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par"don</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., fr. <i>pardonner</i> to pardon. See <u>Pardon</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of pardoning; forgiveness, as of an offender, or of an offense; release from penalty; remission of punishment; absolution.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Pardon</i>, my lord, for me and for my tidings.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>But infinite in <i>pardon</i> was my judge.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p>Used in expressing courteous denial or contradiction; as, I crave your <i>pardon</i>; or in indicating that one has not understood another; as, I beg <i>pardon</i>.</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>An official warrant of remission of penalty.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Sign me a present <i>pardon</i> for my brother.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>The state of being forgiven.</def> <i>South.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Law)</i> <def>A release, by a sovereign, or officer having jurisdiction, from the penalties of an offense, being distinguished from <i>amenesty</i>, which is a general obliteration and canceling of a particular line of past offenses.</def></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Forgiveness; remission. See <u>Forgiveness</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Par"don</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Pardoned</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Pardoning</u>.] [Either fr. <i>pardon</i>, n., or from F. <i>pardonner</i>, LL. <i>perdonare</i>; L. <i>per</i> through, thoroughly, perfectly + <i>donare</i> to give, to present. See <u>Par- </u>, and <u>Donation</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To absolve from the consequences of a fault or the punishment of crime; to free from penalty; — applied to the offender.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>In this thing the Lord <i>pardon</i> thy servant.</blockquote> <i>2 Kings v. 18.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>I pray you, <i>pardon</i> me; pray heartily, <i>pardom</i> me.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To remit the penalty of; to suffer to pass without punishment; to forgive; — applied to offenses.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I pray thee, <i>pardon</i> my sin.</blockquote> <i>1 S&?;&?;. xv. 25.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Apollo, <i>pardon</i><BR> My great profaneness 'gainst thine oracle &?;</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To refrain from exacting as a penalty.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I <i>pardon</i> thee thy life before thou ask it.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To give leave (of departure) to.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Even now about it! I will <i>pardon</i> you.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Pardon me</b></col>, <cd>forgive me; excuse me; — a phrase used also to express courteous denial or contradiction.</cd></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — To forgive; absolve; excuse; overlook; remit; acquit. See <u>Excuse</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Par"don*a*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>pardonnable</i>.] <def>Admitting of pardon; not requiring the excution of penalty; venial; excusable; — applied to the offense or to the offender; as, a <i>pardonable</i> fault, or culprit.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par"don*a*ble*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality or state of being pardonable; as, the <i>pardonableness</i> of sin.</def> <i>Bp. Hall.</i></p>

<p><hw>Par"don*a*bly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a manner admitting of pardon; excusably.</def> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Par"don*er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who pardons.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A seller of indulgences.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Par"don*ing</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Relating to pardon; having or exercising the right to pardon; willing to pardon; merciful; as, the <i>pardoning</i> power; a <i>pardoning</i> God.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pare</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Pared</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Paring</u>.] [F. <i>parer</i> to pare, as a horse's hoofs, to dress or curry, as, leather, to clear, as anchors or cables, to parry, ward off, fr. L. <i>parare</i> to prepare. Cf. <u>Empire</u>, <u>Parade</u>, <u>Pardon</u>, <u>Parry</u>, <u>Prepare</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To cut off, or shave off, the superficial substance or extremities of; as, to <i>pare</i> an apple; to <i>pare</i> a horse's hoof.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To remove; to separate; to cut or shave, as the skin, ring, or outside part, from anything; — followed by <i>off</i> or <i>away</i>; as; to <i>pare</i> off the ring of fruit; to <i>pare</i> away redundancies.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Fig.: To diminish the bulk of; to reduce; to lessen.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The king began to <i>pare</i> a little the privilege of clergy.</blockquote> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><hw>Par`e*gor"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>paregoricus</i>, Gr. &?;, from &?; addressing, encouraging, soothing; <grk>para`</grk> beside + &?; an assembly: cf. F. <i>par&eacute;gorique</i>. See <u>Allegory</u>.] <def>Mitigating; assuaging or soothing pain; as, <i>paregoric</i> elixir.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par`e*gor"ic</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>A medicine that mitigates pain; an anodyne; specifically, camphorated tincture of opium; — called also <i>paregoric elexir</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa*rel"con</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; to draw aside, to be redundant; <grk>para`</grk> beside + &?; to draw.] <i>(Gram.)</i> <def>The addition of a syllable or particle to the end of a pronoun, verb, or adverb.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par`e*lec`tro*nom"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Physiol.)</i> <def>Of or relating to parelectronomy; as, the <i>parelectronomic</i> part of a muscle.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par*e`lec*tron"o*my</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>para-</i> + <i>electro-</i> + Gr. &?; law.] <i>(Physiol.)</i> <def>A condition of the muscles induced by exposure to severe cold, in which the electrical action of the muscle is reversed.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>||Pa*rel"la</hw> (?), <hw>||Pa`relle</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>parelle</i>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A name for two kinds of dock (<i>Rumex Patientia</i> and <i>R. Hydrolapathum</i>).</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A kind of lichen (<i>Lecanora parella</i>) once used in dyeing and in the preparation of litmus.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pa*rem"bo*le</hw> (&?;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., from Gr. &?; an insertion beside. See <u>Para-</u>, and <u>Embolus</u>.] <i>(Rhet.)</i> <def>A kind of parenthesis.</def></p>

<p><! p. 1043 !></p>

<p><hw>Pare"ment</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Parament</u>.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>||Par`emp*to"sis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., from Gr. &?; a coming in beside; <grk>para`</grk> beside + &?; to fall in.] <def>Same as <u>Parembole</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa*ren"chy*ma</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., from Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to pour in beside; <grk>para`</grk> beside + &?; in + &?; to pour: cf. F. <i>parenchyme</i>.] <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>The soft celluar substance of the tissues of plants and animals, like the pulp of leaves, to soft tissue of glands, and the like.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa*ren"chy*mal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of, pertaining to, or consisting of, parenchyma.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Par`en*chym"a*tous</hw> (?), <hw>Pa*ren"chy*mous</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>parenchymateux</i>.] <def>Of, pertaining to, or connected with, the parenchyma of a tissue or an organ; as, <i>parenchymatous</i> degeneration.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pa*ren"e*sis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>paraenesis</i>, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to advise.] <def>Exhortation.</def> [R.]</p>

<p>{ <hw>Par`e*net"ic</hw> (?), <hw>Par`e*net"io*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;: cf. F. <i>par&eacute;n&eacute;tique</i>.] <def>Hortatory; encouraging; persuasive.</def> [R.] <i>F. Potter.</i></p>

<p><hw>Par"ent</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>parens</i>, <i>- entis</i>; akin to <i>parere</i> to bring forth; cf. Gr. &?; to give, beget: cf. F. <i>parent</i>. Cf. <u>Part</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who begets, or brings forth, offspring; a father or a mother.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Children, obey your <i>parents</i> in the Lord.</blockquote> <i>Eph. vi. 1.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>That which produces; cause; source; author; begetter; as, idleness is the <i>parent</i> of vice.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Regular industry is the <i>parent</i> of sobriety.</blockquote> <i>Channing.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Parent cell</b></col>. <i>(Biol.)</i> <cd>See <i>Mother cell</i>, under <u>Mother</u>, also <u>Cytula</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Parent nucleus</b></col> <i>(Biol.)</i>, <cd>a nucleus which, in cell division, divides, and gives rise to two or more daughter nuclei. See <u>Karyokinesis</u>, and <i>Cell division</i>, under <u>Division</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Par"ent*age</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>parentage</i> relationship.] <def>Descent from parents or ancestors; parents or ancestors considered with respect to their rank or character; extraction; birth; as, a man of noble <i>parentage</i>.</def> "Wilt thou deny thy <i>parentage</i>?" <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Though men esteem thee low of <i>parentage</i>.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pa*ren"tal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>parentalis</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Of or pertaining to a parent or to parents; as, <i>parental</i> authority; <i>parental</i> obligations.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Becoming to, or characteristic of, parents; tender; affectionate; devoted; as, <i>parental</i> care.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The careful course and <i>parental</i> provision of nature.</blockquote> <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pa*ren"tal*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a parental manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par`en*ta"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>parentatio</i>, fr. <i>parentare</i> to offer a solemn sacrifice in honor of deceased parents. See <u>Parent</u>.] <def>Something done or said in honor of the dead; obsequies.</def> [Obs.] <i>Abp. Potter.</i></p>

<p><hw>Par"en`tele`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>parent&egrave;le</i>, L. <i>parentela</i>.] <def>Kinship; parentage.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pa*ren"the*sis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Parentheses</b></plw> (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to put in beside, insert; <grk>para`</grk> beside + &?; in + &?; to put, place. See <u>Para-</u>, <u>En-</u>, 2, and <u>Thesis</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A word, phrase, or sentence, by way of comment or explanation, inserted in, or attached to, a sentence which would be grammatically complete without it. It is usually inclosed within curved lines (see def. 2 below), or dashes.</def> "Seldom mentioned without a derogatory <i>parenthesis</i>." <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Don't suffer every occasional thought to carry you away into a long <i>parenthesis</i>.</blockquote> <i>Watts.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Print.)</i> <def>One of the curved lines () which inclose a parenthetic word or phrase.</def></p>

<p>&fist; <i>Parenthesis</i>, in technical grammar, is that part of a sentence which is inclosed within the recognized sign; but many phrases and sentences which are punctuated by commas are logically parenthetical. In def. 1, the phrase "by way of comment or explanation" is inserted for explanation, and the sentence would be grammatically complete without it. The present tendency is to avoid using the distinctive marks, except when confusion would arise from a less conspicuous separation.</p>

<p><hw>Pa*ren"the*size</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To make a parenthesis of; to include within parenthetical marks.</def> <i>Lowell.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Par`en*thet"ic</hw> (?), <hw>Par`en*thet"ic*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. Gr. &?;.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Of the nature of a parenthesis; pertaining to, or expressed in, or as in, a parenthesis; as, a <i>parenthetical</i> clause; a <i>parenthetic</i> remark.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A <i>parenthetical</i> observation of Moses himself.</blockquote> <i>Hales.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Using or containing parentheses.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par`en*thet"ic*al*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a parenthetical manner; by way of parenthesis; by parentheses.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par"ent*hood</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The state of a parent; the office or character of a parent.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa*ren"ti*cide</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>parenticida</i> a parricide; <i>parens</i> parent + <i>caedere</i> to kill.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of one who kills one's own parent.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>One who kills one's own parent; a parricide.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Par"ent*less</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Deprived of parents.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par*ep`i*did"y*mis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Para-</u>, and <u>Epididymis</u>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>A small body containing convoluted tubules, situated near the epididymis in man and some other animals, and supposed to be a remnant of the anterior part of the Wolffian body.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From <u>Pare</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>] <def>One who, or that which, pares; an instrument for paring.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pa*rer"gon</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L.] <def>See <u>Parergy</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par"er*gy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>parergon</i>, Gr. &?;; <grk>para`</grk> beside + &?; work.] <def>Something unimportant, incidental, or superfluous.</def> [Obs.] <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Par"e*sis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., from Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to let go; &?; from + &?; to send.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Incomplete paralysis, affecting motion but not sensation.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par*eth"moid</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>para-</i> + <i>ethmoid</i>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Near or beside the ethmoid bone or cartilage; — applied especially to a pair of bones in the nasal region of some fishes, and to the ethmoturbinals in some higher animals.</def> — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A parethmoid bone.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa*ret"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to paresis; affected with paresis.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par*fay"</hw> (?), <pos><i>interj.</i></pos> [<i>Par</i> + <i>fay</i>.] <def>By my faith; verily.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Par"fit</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Perfect.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Par"fit*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>Perfectly.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Par*forn"</hw> (?), <hw>Par*fourn"</hw> (?) }, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To perform.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i> <i>Piers Plowman.</i></p>

<p><hw>Par"gas*ite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [So called from <i>Pargas</i>, in Finland.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>A dark green aluminous variety of amphibole, or hornblende.</def></p>

<p><hw>Parge"board`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Bargeboard</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par"get</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Pargeted</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Pargeting</u>.] [OE. <i>pargeten</i>, also <i>spargeten</i>, <i>sparchen</i>; of uncertain origin.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To coat with parget; to plaster, as walls, or the interior of flues; as, to <i>parget</i> the outside of their houses.</def> <i>Sir T. Herbert.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>pargeted</i> ceiling with pendants.</blockquote> <i>R. L. Stevenson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To paint; to cover over.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Par"get</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To lay on plaster.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To paint, as the face.</def> [Obs.] <i>B. Jonson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Par"get</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Gypsum or plaster stone.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Plaster, as for lining the interior of flues, or for stuccowork.</def> <i>Knight.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Paint, especially for the face.</def> [Obs.] <i>Drayton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Par"get*er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A plasterer.</def> <i>Johnson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Par"get*ing</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Written also <i>pargetting</i>.] <def>Plasterwork; esp.: <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> A kind of decorative plasterwork in raised ornamental figures, formerly used for the internal and external decoration of houses. <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> In modern architecture, the plastering of the inside of flues, intended to give a smooth surface and help the draught.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par"get*o*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Something made of, or covered with, parget, or plaster.</def> [Obs.] <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Par*he"lic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to parhelia.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par*hel"ion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Parhelia</b></plw> (#). [L. <i>parelion</i>, Gr. &?;, &?;; <grk>para`</grk> beside + &?; the sun.] <def>A mock sun appearing in the form of a bright light, sometimes near the sun, and tinged with colors like the rainbow, and sometimes opposite to the sun. The latter is usually called an <i>anthelion</i>. Often several mock suns appear at the same time. Cf. <u>Paraselene</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Par*he"li*um</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Parhelion</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par"i-</hw> (?). [L. <i>par</i>, <i>paris</i>, equal.] <def>A combining form signifying <i>equal</i>; as, <i>pari</i>digitate, <i>pari</i>pinnate.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa"ri*ah</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From Tamil <i>paraiyan</i>, pl. <i>paraiyar</i>, one of the low caste, fr. <i>parai</i> a large drum, because they beat the drums at certain festivals.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One of an aboriginal people of Southern India, regarded by the four castes of the Hindoos as of very low grade. They are usually the serfs of the Sudra agriculturalists. See <u>Caste</u>.</def> <i>Balfour (Cyc. of India).</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>An outcast; one despised by society.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Pariah dog</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a mongrel race of half-wild dogs which act as scavengers in Oriental cities.</cd> — <col><b>Pariah kite</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a species of kite (<i>Milvus govinda</i>) which acts as a scavenger in India.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pa*ri"al</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <i>Pair royal</i>, under <u>Pair</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></def></p>

<p><hw>Pa"ri*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>Parius</i>.] <def>Of or pertaining to Paros, an island in the &AElig;gean Sea noted for its excellent statuary marble; as, <i>Parian</i> marble.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Parian chronicle</b></col>, <cd>a most ancient chronicle of the city of Athens, engraved on marble in the Isle of Paros, now among the Arundelian marbles.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pa"ri*an</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A native or inhabitant of Paros.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A ceramic ware, resembling unglazed porcelain biscuit, of which are made statuettes, ornaments, etc.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Par`i*dig`i*ta"ta</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Pari-</u>, and <u>Digitate</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Artiodactyla</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par`i*dig"i*tate</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Having an even number of digits on the hands or the feet.</def> <i>Qwen.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Pa"ri*es</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Parietes</b></plw> (#). [See <u>Parietes</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The triangular middle part of each segment of the shell of a barnacle.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa*ri"e*tal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>parietalis</i>, fr. <i>paries</i>, <i>-ietis</i>, a wall: cf. F. <i>pari&eacute;tal</i>. Cf. <u>Parietary</u>, <u>Pellitory</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Of or pertaining to a wall; hence, pertaining to buildings or the care of them.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Resident within the walls or buildings of a college.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>At Harvard College, the officers resident within the college walls constitute a permanent standing committee, called the <i>Parietal</i> Committee.</blockquote> <i>B. H. Hall (1856).</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Anat.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>Of pertaining to the parietes.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>Of, pertaining to, or in the region of, the parietal bones, which form the upper and middle part of the cranium, between the frontals and occipitals.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Attached to the main wall of the ovary, and not to the axis; — said of a placenta.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa*ri"e*tal</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>One of the parietal bones.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of the special scales, or plates, covering the back of the head in certain reptiles and fishes.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa*ri"e*ta*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Parietal</u>, 2.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa*ri"e*ta*ry</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>parietaria</i>, fr. <i>parietarius</i> parietal. Cf. <u>Pellitory</u>, <u>Parietal</u>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Any one of several species of <i>Parietaria</i>. See 1st <u>Pellitory</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pa*ri"e*tes</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [L. <i>paries</i> a wall.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>The walls of a cavity or an organ; as, the abdominal <i>parietes</i>; the <i>parietes</i> of the cranium.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The sides of an ovary or of a capsule.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa`ri*et"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, an acid found in the lichen <i>Parmelia parietina</i>, and called also <i>chrysophanic</i> <i>acid</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa*ri"e*tine</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>parietinus</i> parietal: cf. <i>parietinae</i> ruined walls.] <def>A piece of a fallen wall; a ruin.</def> [Obs.] <i>Burton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pa*ri"e*to-</hw> (&?;). <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>A combining form used to indicate <i>connection with</i>, or <i>relation to</i>, <i>the parietal bones or the parietal segment of the skull</i>; as, the <i>parieto</i>-mastoid suture.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa*rig"e*nin</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Pari</i>llin + <i>-gen</i> + <i>-in</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A curdy white substance, obtained by the decomposition of parillin.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa*ril"lin</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Shortened fr. <i>sarsaparillin</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A glucoside resembling saponin, found in the root of sarsaparilla, smilax, etc., and extracted as a bitter white crystalline substance; — called also <i>smilacin</i>, <i>sarsaparilla saponin</i>, and <i>sarsaparillin</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par"ing</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From <u>Pare</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of cutting off the surface or extremites of anything.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>That which is pared off.</def> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Pare off the surface of the earth, and with the <i>parings</i> raise your hills.</blockquote> <i>Mortimer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Par`i*pin"nate</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Pari-</i> + <i>pinnate</i>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Pinnate with an equal number of leaflets on each side; having no odd leaflet at the end.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par"is</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From <i>Paris</i>, the son of Priam.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A plant common in Europe (<i>Paris quadrifolia</i>); herb Paris; truelove. It has been used as a narcotic.</def></p>

<p>&fist; It much resembles the American genus <i>Trillium</i>, but has usually four leaves and a tetramerous flower.</p>

<p><hw>Par"is</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The chief city of France.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Paris green</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Green</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></cd> — <col><b>Paris white</b></col> <i>(Chem.)</i>, <cd>purified chalk used as a pigment; whiting; Spanish white.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Par"ish</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>parishe</i>, <i>paresche</i>, <i>parosche</i>, OF. <i>paroisse</i>, <i>parosse</i>, <i>paroiche</i>, F. <i>paroisse</i>, L. <i>parochia</i>, corrupted fr. <i>paroecia</i>, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; dwelling beside or near; <grk>para`</grk> beside + &?; a house, dwelling; akin to L. <i>vicus</i> village. See <u>Vicinity</u>, and cf. <u>Parochial</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Eccl. & Eng. Law)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>That circuit of ground committed to the charge of one parson or vicar, or other minister having cure of souls therein.</def> <i>Cowell.</i> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The same district, constituting a civil jurisdiction, with its own officers and regulations, as respects the poor, taxes, etc.</def></p>

<p>&fist; Populous and extensive parishes are now divided, under various parliamentary acts, into smaller ecclesiastical districts for spiritual purposes. <i>Mozley & W.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>An ecclesiastical society, usually not bounded by territorial limits, but composed of those persons who choose to unite under the charge of a particular priest, clergyman, or minister; also, loosely, the territory in which the members of a congregation live.</def> [U. S.]</p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>In Louisiana, a civil division corresponding to a <i>county</i> in other States.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par"ish</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to a parish; parochial; as, a <i>parish</i> church; <i>parish</i> records; a <i>parish</i> priest; maintained by the parish; as, <i>parish</i> poor.</def> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Parish clerk</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>The clerk or recording officer of a parish</cd>. <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>A layman who leads in the responses and otherwise assists in the service of the Church of England.</cd> — <col><b>Parish court</b></col>, <cd>in Louisiana, a court in each parish.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Par"ish*en</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A parishioner.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pa*rish"ion*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to a parish; parochial.</def> [R.] <i>Bp. Hall.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pa*rish"ion*er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>paroissien</i>, LL. <i>parochianus</i>.] <def>One who belongs to, or is connected with, a parish.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa*ri"sian</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>parisen</i>.] <def>A native or inhabitant of Paris, the capital of France.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa*ri"sian</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to Paris.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pa`ri`si`enne"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F.] <def>A female native or resident of Paris.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par`i*sol"o*gy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; almost equal, evenly balanced + <i>-logy</i>.] <def>The use of equivocal or ambiguous words.</def> [R.]</p>

<p>{ <hw>Par`i*syl*lab"ic</hw> (?), <hw>Par`i*syl*lab"ic*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Pari-</i> + <i>syllabic</i>, <i>-ical</i>: cf. F. <i>parisyllabique</i>.] <def>Having the same number of syllables in all its inflections.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par"i*tor</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Abbrev. fr. <i>apparitor</i>: cf. L. <i>paritor</i> a servant, attendant.] <def>An apparitor.</def> "Summoned by an host of <i>paritors</i>." <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Par"i*to*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Pellitory.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Par"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>paritas</i>, fr. <i>par</i>, <i>paris</i>, equal: cf. F. <i>parit&eacute;</i>. See <u>Pair</u>, <u>Peer</u> an equal.] <def>The quality or condition of being equal or equivalent; A like state or degree; equality; close correspondence; analogy; as, <i>parity</i> of reasoning.</def> "No <i>parity</i> of principle." <i>De Quincey.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Equality of length and <i>parity</i> of numeration.</blockquote> <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Park</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>pearroc</i>, or perh. rather fr. F. <i>parc</i>; both being of the same origin; cf. LL. <i>parcus</i>, <i>parricus</i>, Ir. & Gael. <i>pairc</i>, W. <i>park</i>, <i>parwg</i>. Cf. <u>Paddock</u> an inclosure, <u>Parrock</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Eng. Law)</i> <def>A piece of ground inclosed, and stored with beasts of the chase, which a man may have by prescription, or the king's grant.</def> <i>Mozley & W.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A tract of ground kept in its natural state, about or adjacent to a residence, as for the preservation of game, for walking, riding, or the like.</def> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>While in the <i>park</i> I sing, the listening deer<BR> Attend my passion, and forget to fear.</blockquote> <i>Waller.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A piece of ground, in or near a city or town, inclosed and kept for ornament and recreation; as, Hyde <i>Park</i> in London; Central <i>Park</i> in New York.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Mil.)</i> <def>A space occupied by the animals, wagons, pontoons, and materials of all kinds, as ammunition, ordnance stores, hospital stores, provisions, etc., when brought together; also, the objects themselves; as, a <i>park</i> of wagons; a <i>park</i> of artillery.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>A partially inclosed basin in which oysters are grown.</def> [Written also <i>parc</i>.]</p>

<p><col><b>Park of artillery</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Artillery</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Park phaeton</b></col>, <cd>a small, low carriage, for use in parks.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Park</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Parked</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Parking</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To inclose in a park, or as in a park.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>How are we <i>parked</i>, and bounded in a pale.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Mil.)</i> <def>To bring together in a park, or compact body; as, to <i>park</i> the artillery, the wagons, etc.</def></p>

<p><hw>Park"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The keeper of a park.</def> <i>Sir M. Hale.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Par*ke"ri*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL. So named from W. K. <i>Parker</i>, a British zo&ouml;logist.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A genus of large arenaceous fossil Foraminifera found in the Cretaceous rocks. The species are globular, or nearly so, and are of all sizes up to that of a tennis ball.</def></p>

<p><! p. 1044 !></p>

<p><hw>Parkes"ine</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [So called from Mr. <i>Parkes</i>, the inventor.] <def>A compound, originally made from gun cotton and castor oil, but later from different materials, and used as a substitute for vulcanized India rubber and for ivory; — called also <i>xylotile</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Park"leaves`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A European species of Saint John's-wort; the tutsan. See <u>Tutsan</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par"lance</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF., fr. F. <i>parler</i> to speak. See <u>Parley</u>.] <def>Conversation; discourse; talk; diction; phrase; as, in legal <i>parlance</i>; in common <i>parlance</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A hate of gossip <i>parlance</i> and of sway.</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>||Par*lan"do</hw> (?), <hw>||Par*lan"te</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a. & adv.</i></pos> [It.] <i>(Mus.)</i> <def>Speaking; in a speaking or declamatory manner; to be sung or played in the style of a recitative.</def></p>

<p><hw>Parle</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [F. <i>parler</i>. See <u>Parley</u>.] <def>To talk; to converse; to parley.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Finding himself too weak, began to <i>parle</i>.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Parle</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Conversation; talk; parley.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>They ended <i>parle</i>, and both addressed for fight.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Par"ley</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Parleys</b></plw> (#). [F. <i>parler</i> speech, talk, fr. <i>parler</i> to speak, LL. <i>parabolare</i>, fr. L. <i>parabola</i> a comparison, parable, in LL., a word. See <u>Parable</u>, and cf. <u>Parliament</u>, <u>Parlor</u>.] <def>Mutual discourse or conversation; discussion; hence, an oral conference with an enemy, as with regard to a truce.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>We yield on <i>parley</i>, but are stormed in vain.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><col><b>To beat a parley</b></col> <i>(Mil.)</i>, <cd>to beat a drum, or sound a trumpet, as a signal for holding a conference with the enemy.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Par"ley</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Parleyed</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Parleying</u>.] <def>To speak with another; to confer on some point of mutual concern; to discuss orally; hence, specifically, to confer orally with an enemy; to treat with him by words, as on an exchange of prisoners, an armistice, or terms of peace.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>They are at hand,<BR> To <i>parley</i> or to fight; therefore prepare.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Par"lia*ment</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>parlement</i>, F. <i>parlement</i>, fr. <i>parler</i> to speak; cf. LL. <i>parlamentum</i>, <i>parliamentum</i>. See <u>Parley</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A parleying; a discussion; a conference.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>But first they held their <i>parliament</i>.</blockquote> <i>Rom. of R.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A formal conference on public affairs; a general council; esp., an assembly of representatives of a nation or people having authority to make laws.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>They made request that it might be lawful for them to summon a <i>parliament</i> of Gauls.</blockquote> <i>Golding.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>The assembly of the three estates of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, viz., the lords spiritual, lords temporal, and the representatives of the commons, sitting in the House of Lords and the House of Commons, constituting the legislature, when summoned by the royal authority to consult on the affairs of the nation, and to enact and repeal laws.</def></p>

<p>&fist; Thought the sovereign is a constituting branch of Parliament, the word is generally used to denote the three estates named above.</p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>In France, before the Revolution of 1789, one of the several principal judicial courts.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Parliament heel</b></col>, <cd>the inclination of a ship when made to careen by shifting her cargo or ballast.</cd> — <col><b>Parliament hinge</b></col> <i>(Arch.)</i>, <cd>a hinge with so great a projection from the wall or frame as to allow a door or shutter to swing back flat against the wall.</cd> — <col><b>Long Parliament</b></col>, <col><b>Rump Parliament</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Long</u>, and <u>Rump</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Par`lia*men"tal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Parliamentary.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Par`lia*men*ta"ri*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to Parliament.</def> <i>Wood.</i></p>

<p><hw>Par`lia*men*ta"ri*an</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Eng. Hist.)</i> <def>One who adhered to the Parliament, in opposition to King Charles I.</def> <i>Walpole.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>One versed in the rules and usages of Parliament or similar deliberative assemblies; as, an accomplished <i>parliamentarian</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par`lia*men"ta*ri*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a parliamentary manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par`lia*men"ta*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>parlementaire</i>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Of or pertaining to Parliament; as, <i>parliamentary</i> authority.</def> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Enacted or done by Parliament; as, a <i>parliamentary</i> act.</def> <i>Sir M. Hale.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>According to the rules and usages of Parliament or of deliberative bodies; as, a <i>parliamentary</i> motion.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Parliamentary agent</b></col>, <cd>a person, usually a solicitor, professionally employed by private parties to explain and recommend claims, bills, etc., under consideration of Parliament.</cd> [Eng.] — <col><b>Parliamentary train</b></col>, <cd>one of the trains which, by act of Parliament, railway companies are required to run for the conveyance of third-class passengers at a reduced rate.</cd> [Eng.]</p>

<p><hw>Par"lor</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>parlour</i>, <i>parlur</i>, F. <i>parloir</i>, LL. <i>parlatorium</i>. See <u>Parley</u>.] [Written also <i>parlour</i>.] <def>A room for business or social conversation, for the reception of guests, etc.</def> Specifically: <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The apartment in a monastery or nunnery where the inmates are permitted to meet and converse with each other, or with visitors and friends from without.</def> <i>Piers Plowman.</i> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>In large private houses, a sitting room for the family and for familiar guests, — a room for less formal uses than the drawing-room. Esp., in modern times, the dining room of a house having few apartments, as a London house, where the dining parlor is usually on the ground floor.</def> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <def>Commonly, in the United States, a drawing- room, or the room where visitors are received and entertained.</def></p>

<p>&fist; "In England people who have a drawing-room no longer call it a <i>parlor</i>, as they called it of old and till recently." <i>Fitzed. Hall.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Parlor car</b></col>. <cd>See <i>Palace car</i>, under <u>Car</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Par"lous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [For <i>perlous</i>, a contr. fr. <i>perilous</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Attended with peril; dangerous; as, a <i>parlous</i> cough. </def> [Archaic] "A <i>parlous</i> snuffing." <i>Beau. & Fl.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Venturesome; bold; mischievous; keen.</def> [Obs.] "A <i>parlous</i> boy." <i>Shak.</i> "A <i>parlous</i> wit." <i>Dryden.</i> — <wf>Par"lous*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> [Obs.] — <wf>Par"lous*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Par`me*san"</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [F. <i>parmesan</i>, It. <i>parmigiano</i>.] <def>Of or pertaining to Parma in Italy.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Parmesan cheese</b></col>, <cd>a kind of cheese of a rich flavor, though from skimmed milk, made in Parma, Italy.</cd></p>

<p><hw>||Par*nas"si*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A genus of herbs growing in wet places, and having white flowers; grass of Parnassus.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par*nas"sian</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>Parnassius</i>.] <def>Of or pertaining to Parnassus.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par*nas"sian</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Parnassus</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any one of numerous species of butterflies belonging to the genus <i>Parnassius</i>. They inhabit the mountains, both in the Old World and in America.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par*nas"sus</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., fr. Gr. &?;.] <i>(Anc. Geog. & Gr. Myth.)</i> <def>A mountain in Greece, sacred to Apollo and the Muses, and famous for a temple of Apollo and for the Castalian spring.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Grass of Parnassus</b></col>. <i>(Bot.)</i> <cd>See under <u>Grass</u>, and <u>Parnassia</u>.</cd> — <col><b>To climb Parnassus</b></col>, <cd>to write poetry.</cd> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><hw>Par`oc*cip"i*tal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>para- </i> + <i>occipital</i>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Situated near or beside the occipital condyle or the occipital bone; paramastoid; — applied especially to a process of the skull in some animals.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa*ro"chi*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [LL. <i>parochialis</i>, from L. <i>parochia</i>. See <u>Parish</u>.] <def>Of or pertaining to a parish; restricted to a parish; as, <i>parochial</i> duties.</def> "<i>Parochial</i> pastors." <i>Bp. Atterbury.</i> Hence, limited; narrow. "The <i>parochial</i> mind." <i>W. Black.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pa*ro"chi*al*ism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality or state of being parochial in form or nature; a system of management peculiar to parishes.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa*ro`chi*al"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The state of being parochial.</def> [R.] <i>Sir J. Marriot.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pa*ro"chi*al*ize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To render parochial; to form into parishes.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa*ro"chi*al*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a parochial manner; by the parish, or by parishes.</def> <i>Bp. Stillingfleet.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pa*ro"chi*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See <u>Parochial</u>, <u>Parishioner</u>.] <def>Parochial.</def> [Obs.] "<i>Parochian</i> churches." <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pa*ro"chi*an</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [LL. <i>parochianus</i>.] <def>A parishioner.</def> [Obs.] <i>Ld. Burleigh.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pa*rod"ic</hw> (?), <hw>Pa*rod"ic*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;: cf. F. <i>parodique</i>.] <def>Having the character of parody.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Very paraphrastic, and sometimes <i>parodical</i>.</blockquote> <i>T. Warton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Par"o*dist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>parodiste</i>.] <def>One who writes a parody; one who parodies.</def> <i>Coleridge.</i></p>

<p><hw>Par"o*dy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Parodies</b></plw> (#). [L. <i>parodia</i>, Gr. &?;; <grk>para`</grk> beside + &?; a song: cf. F. <i>parodie</i>. See <u>Para-</u>, and <u>Ode</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A writing in which the language or sentiment of an author is mimicked; especially, a kind of literary pleasantry, in which what is written on one subject is altered, and applied to another by way of burlesque; travesty.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The lively <i>parody</i> which he wrote . . . on Dryden's "Hind and Panther" was received with great applause.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A popular maxim, adage, or proverb.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Par"o*dy</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Parodied</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Parodying</u>.] [Cf. F. <i>parodier</i>.] <def>To write a parody upon; to burlesque.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I have translated, or rather <i>parodied</i>, a poem of Horace.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><hw>Par"o*ket`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>See <u>Paroquet</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa*rol"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Parole</u>, the same word.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A word; an oral utterance.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Law)</i> <def>Oral declaration; word of mouth; also, a writing not under seal.</def> <i>Blackstone.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pa*rol"</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Given or done by word of mouth; oral; also, given by a writing not under seal; as, <i>parol</i> evidence.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Parol arrest</b></col> <i>(Law)</i>, <cd>an arrest in pursuance of a verbal order from a magistrate.</cd> — <col><b>Parol contract</b></col> <i>(Law)</i>, <cd>any contract not of record or under seal, whether oral or written; a simple contract.</cd> <i>Chitty. Story.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pa*role"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>parole</i>. See <u>Parley</u>, and cf. <u>Parol</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A word; an oral utterance.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Word of promise; word of honor; plighted faith; especially <i>(Mil.)</i>, promise, upon one's faith and honor, to fulfill stated conditions, as not to bear arms against one's captors, to return to custody, or the like.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>This man had forfeited his military <i>parole</i>.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Mil.)</i> <def>A watchword given only to officers of guards; — distinguished from <i>countersign</i>, which is given to all guards.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Law)</i> <def>Oral declaration. See lst <u>Parol</u>, 2.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa*role"</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>See 2d <u>Parol</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa*role"</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Paroled</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Paroling</u>.] <i>(Mil.)</i> <def>To set at liberty on parole; as, to <i>parole</i> prisoners.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par`o*mol"o*gy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. fr. &?;, fr. &?; to grant; &?; by, near + &?; to speak together, agree. See <u>Homologous</u>.] <i>(Rhet.)</i> <def>A concession to an adversary in order to strengthen one's own argument.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Par`o*no*ma"si*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to form a word by a slight change; <grk>para`</grk> beside + &?; to name, fr. &?; a name.] <i>(Rhet.)</i> <def>A play upon words; a figure by which the same word is used in different senses, or words similar in sound are set in opposition to each other, so as to give antithetical force to the sentence; punning.</def> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Par`o*no*mas"tic</hw> (?), <hw>Par`o*no*mas"tic*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to paronomasia; consisting in a play upon words.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par`o*nom"a*sy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>paronomasie</i>.] <def>Paronomasia.</def> [R.] <i>B. Jonson.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Par`o*nych"i*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., fr. Gr. &?;; <grk>para`</grk> beside + &?;, &?;, a nail.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>A whitlow, or felon.</def> <i>Quincy.</i></p>

<p><hw>Par"o*nym</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A paronymous word.</def> [Written also <i>paronyme</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Pa*ron"y*mous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;; <grk>para`</grk> beside, near + &?; a name.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Having the same derivation; allied radically; conjugate; — said of certain words, as <i>man</i>, <i>mankind</i>, <i>manhood</i>, etc.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Having a similar sound, but different orthography and different meaning; — said of certain words, as <i>al&?;</i> and <i>awl</i>; <i>hair</i> and <i>hare</i>, etc.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa*ron"y*my</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality of being paronymous; also, the use of paronymous words.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Par`o*&ouml;ph"o*ron</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., from Gr. &?; (see <u>Para-</u>) + &?; an egg + &?; to bear.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>A small mass of tubules near the ovary in some animals, and corresponding with the parepididymis of the male.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par"o*quet`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>perroquet</i>, or Sp. <i>periquito</i>; both prob. orig. meaning, little Peter. See <u>Parrot</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Parrakeet</u>.</def> [Written also <i>paroket</i>, <i>parroquet</i>, and <i>perroquet</i>.]</p>

<p><col><b>Paroquet auk</b></col> or <col><b>auklet</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a small auk (<i>Cyclorrhynchus psittaculus</i>) inhabiting the coast and islands of Alaska. The upper parts are dark slate, under parts white, bill orange red. Called also <i>perroquet auk</i>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>||Pa*ror"chis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Para- </u>, and <u>Orchis</u>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>The part of the epididymis; or the corresponding part of the excretory duct of the testicle, which is derived from the Wolffian body.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa*ros"te*al</hw> (?), <i>(Physiol.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to parostosis; as, <i>parosteal</i> ossification.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Par`os*to"sis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Para-</u>, and <u>Ostosis</u>.] <i>(Physiol.)</i> <def>Ossification which takes place in purely fibrous tracts; the formation of bone outside of the periosteum.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par`os*tot"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pertaining to parostosis.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa*rot"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See <u>Parotid</u>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>On the side of the auditory capsule; near the external ear.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Parotic region</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the space around the ears.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pa*rot"id</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>parotis</i>, <i>-idis</i>, Gr. &?;, &?;; <grk>para`</grk> beside, near + &?;, &?;, the ear: cf. F. <i>parotide</i>. ] <i>(Anat.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>Situated near the ear; — applied especially to the salivary gland near the ear. </def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>Of, pertaining to, or in the region of, the parotid gland.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Parotid gland</b></col> <i>(Anat.)</i>, <cd>one of the salivary glands situated just in front of or below the ear. It is the largest of the salivary glands in man, and its duct opens into the interior of the mouth opposite the second molar of the upper jaw.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pa*rot"id</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>The parotid gland.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par`o*ti"tis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Parotid</u>, and <u>-itis</u>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Inflammation of the parotid glands.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Epidemic</b></col>, or <col><b>Infectious</b></col>, <col><b>parotitis</b></col>, <cd>mumps.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Par"o*toid</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Parot</i>id + <i>-oid</i>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Resembling the parotid gland; — applied especially to cutaneous glandular elevations above the ear in many toads and frogs.</def> — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A parotoid gland.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pa*rou"si*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?;. See <u>Parusia</u>.] <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The nativity of our Lord.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The last day.</def> <i>Shipley.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Par`o*va"ri*um</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Para-</u>, and <u>Ovarium</u>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>A group of tubules, a remnant of the Wolffian body, often found near the ovary or oviduct; the epo&ouml;phoron.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par"ox*ysm</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>paroxysme</i>, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to sharpen, irritate; <grk>para`</grk> beside, beyond + &?; to sharpen, from &?; sharp.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>The fit, attack, or exacerbation, of a disease that occurs at intervals, or has decided remissions or intermissions.</def> <i>Arbuthnot.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Any sudden and violent emotion; spasmodic passion or action; a convulsion; a fit.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The returning <i>paroxysms</i> of diffidence and despair.</blockquote> <i>South.</i></p>

<p><hw>Par`ox*ys"mal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of the nature of a paroxysm; characterized or accompanied by paroxysms; as, a <i>paroxysmal</i> pain; <i>paroxysmal</i> temper.</def> — <wf>Par`ox*ys"mal*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Par*ox"y*tone</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> See <u>Para-</u>, and <u>Oxytone</u>.] <i>(Gr. Gram.)</i> <def>A word having an acute accent on the penultimate syllable.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par*quet"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. See <u>Parquetry</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A body of seats on the floor of a music hall or theater nearest the orchestra; but commonly applied to the whole lower floor of a theater, from the orchestra to the dress circle; the pit.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Same as <u>Parquetry</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par"quet*age</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Parquetry</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par"quet*ed</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Formed in parquetry; inlaid with wood in small and differently colored figures.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>One room <i>parqueted</i> with yew, which I liked well.</blockquote> <i>Evelyn.</i></p>

<p><hw>Par"quet*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>parqueterie</i>, fr. <i>parquet</i> inlaid flooring, fr. <i>parquet</i>, dim. of <i>parc</i> an inclosure. See <u>Park</u>.] <def>A species of joinery or cabinet-work consisting of an inlay of geometric or other patterns, generally of different colors, — used especially for floors.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par*quette"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Parquet</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Parr</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. Gael. & Ir. <i>bradan</i> a salmon.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A young salmon in the stage when it has dark transverse bands; — called also <i>samlet</i>, <i>skegger</i>, and <i>fingerling</i>.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A young leveret.</def></p>

<p><! p. 1045 !></p>

<p>{ <hw>Par"ra*keet`</hw> (?), <hw>Par"a*keet`</hw> }, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Paroquet</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any one of numerous species of small parrots having a graduated tail, which is frequently very long; — called also <i>paroquet</i> and <i>paraquet</i>.</def></p>

<p>&fist; Many of the Asiatic and Australian species belong to the genus <i>Paleornis</i>; others belong to <i>Polytelis</i>, <i>Platycercus</i>, <i>Psephotus</i>, <i>Euphema</i>, and allied genera. The American parrakeets mostly belong to the genus <i>Conurus</i>, as the Carolina parrakeet (<i>C. Carolinensis</i>).</p>

<p>{ <hw>Par"ral</hw> (?), <hw>Par"rel</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>appareil</i>. See <u>Apparel</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>The rope or collar by which a yard or spar is held to the mast in such a way that it may be hoisted or lowered at pleasure.</def> <i>Totten.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A chimney-piece.</def> <i>Halliwell.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Par*ra"qua</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A curassow of the genus <i>Ortalida</i>, allied to the guan.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Par*rhe"si*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?;; <grk>para`</grk> beside, beyond + &?; a speaking.] <i>(Rhet.)</i> <def>Boldness or freedom of speech.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par"ri*ci`dal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>parricidalis</i>, <i>parricidialis</i>. See <u>Parricide</u>.] <def>Of or pertaining to parricide; guilty of parricide.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par"ri*cide</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., fr. L. <i>parricida</i>; <i>pater</i> father + <i>caedere</i> to kill. See <u>Father</u>, <u>Homicide</u>, and cf. <u>Patricide</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Properly, one who murders one's own father; in a wider sense, one who murders one's father or mother or any ancestor.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> [L. <i>parricidium</i>.] <def>The act or crime of murdering one's own father or any ancestor.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par`ri*cid"i*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Parricidal.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Par"rock</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>pearruc</i>, <i>pearroc</i>. See <u>Park</u>.] <def>A croft, or small field; a paddock.</def> [Prov. Eng.]</p>

<p><hw>Par"rot</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Prob. fr. F. <i>Pierrot</i>, dim. of <i>Pierre</i> Peter. F. <i>pierrot</i> is also the name of the sparrow. Cf. <u>Paroquet</u>, <u>Petrel</u>, <u>Petrify</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>In a general sense, any bird of the order <i>Psittaci</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any species of <i>Psittacus</i>, <i>Chrysotis</i>, <i>Pionus</i>, and other genera of the family <i>Psittacid&aelig;</i>, as distinguished from the parrakeets, macaws, and lories. They have a short rounded or even tail, and often a naked space on the cheeks. The gray parrot, or jako (<i>P. erithacus</i>) of Africa (see <u>Jako</u>), and the species of Amazon, or green, parrots (<i>Chrysotis</i>) of America, are examples. Many species, as cage birds, readily learn to imitate sounds, and to repeat words and phrases.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Carolina parrot</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the Carolina parrakeet. See <u>Parrakeet</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Night parrot</b></col>, or <col><b>Owl parrot</b></col>. <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <cd>See <u>Kakapo</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Parrot coal</b></col>, <cd>cannel coal; — so called from the crackling and chattering sound it makes in burning.</cd> [Eng. & Scot.] — <col><b>Parrot green</b></col>. <i>(Chem.)</i> <cd>See <i>Scheele's green</i>, under <u>Green</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></cd> — <col><b>Parrot weed</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>a suffrutescent plant (<i>Bocconia frutescens</i>) of the Poppy family, native of the warmer parts of America. It has very large, sinuate, pinnatifid leaves, and small, panicled, apetalous flowers.</cd> — <col><b>Parrot wrasse</b></col>, <col><b>Parrot fish</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>any fish of the genus <i>Scarus</i>. One species (<i>S. Cretensis</i>), found in the Mediterranean, is esteemed by epicures, and was highly prized by the ancient Greeks and Romans.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Par"rot</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To repeat by rote, as a parrot.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par"rot</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To chatter like a parrot.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par"rot*er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who simply repeats what he has heard.</def> [R.] <i>J. S. Mill.</i></p>

<p><hw>Par"rot*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Servile imitation or repetition.</def> [R.] <i>Coleridge.</i> "The supine <i>parrotry</i>." <i>Fitzed. Hall.</i></p>

<p><hw>Par"rot's-bill`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [So called from the resemblance of its curved superior petal to a parrot's bill.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The glory pea. See under <u>Glory</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par"ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Parried</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Parrying</u>.] [F. <i>par&eacute;</i>, p. p. of <i>parer</i>. See <u>Pare</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To ward off; to stop, or to turn aside; as, to <i>parry</i> a thrust, a blow, or anything that means or threatens harm.</def> <i>Locke.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Vice <i>parries</i> wide<BR> The undreaded volley with a sword of straw.</blockquote> <i>Cowper.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To avoid; to shift or put off; to evade.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The French government has <i>parried</i> the payment of our claims.</blockquote> <i>E. Everett.</i></p>

<p><hw>Par"ry</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To ward off, evade, or turn aside something, as a blow, argument, etc.</def> <i>Locke.</i></p>

<p><hw>Par"ry</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Parries</b></plw> (&?;). <def>A warding off of a thrust or blow, as in sword and bayonet exercises or in boxing; hence, figuratively, a defensive movement in debate or other intellectual encounter.</def></p>

<p><hw>Parse</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Parsed</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Parsing</u>.] [L. <i>pars</i> a part; <i>pars orationis</i> a part of speech. See <u>Part</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <i>(Gram.)</i> <def>To resolve into its elements, as a sentence, pointing out the several parts of speech, and their relation to each other by government or agreement; to analyze and describe grammatically.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Let him construe the letter into English, and <i>parse</i> it over perfectly.</blockquote> <i>Ascham.</i></p>

<p><hw>Par"see</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Hind. & Per. <i>p&amacr;rs&imacr;</i> a Persian, a follower of Zoroaster, a fire worshiper. Cf. <u>Persian</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One of the adherents of the Zoroastrian or ancient Persian religion, descended from Persian refugees settled in India; a fire worshiper; a Gheber.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The Iranian dialect of much of the religious literature of the Parsees.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par"see*ism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The religion and customs of the Parsees.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pars"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who parses.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par`si*mo"ni*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>parcimonieux</i>. See <u>Parsimony</u>.] <def>Exhibiting parsimony; sparing in expenditure of money; frugal to excess; penurious; niggardly; stingy.</def> — <wf>Par`si*mo"ni*ous*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Par`si*mo"ni*ous*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><blockquote>A prodigal king is nearer a tyrant than a <i>parsimonious</i>.</blockquote> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Extraordinary funds for one campaign may spare us the expense of many years; whereas a long, <i>parsimonious</i> war will drain us of more men and money.</blockquote> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Covetous; niggardly; miserly; penurious; close; saving; mean; stingy; frugal. See <u>Avaricious</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Par"si*mo*ny</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>parsimonia</i>, <i>parcimonia</i>; cf. <i>parcere</i> to spare, <i>parsus</i> sparing: cf. F. <i>parcimonie</i>.] <def>Closeness or sparingness in the expenditure of money; — generally in a bad sense; excessive frugality; niggardliness.</def> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Awful <i>parsimony</i> presided generally at the table.</blockquote> <i>Thackeray.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Economy; frugality; illiberality; covetousness; closeness; stinginess. See <u>Economy</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Pars"ley</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>persely</i>, <i>persil</i>, F. <i>persil</i>, L. <i>petroselinum</i> rock parsley, Gr. &?;; &?; stone + &?; parsley. Cf. <u>Celery</u>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>An aromatic umbelliferous herb (<i>Carum Petroselinum</i>), having finely divided leaves which are used in cookery and as a garnish.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>As she went to the garden for <i>parsley</i>, to stuff a rabbit.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Fool's parsley</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Fool</u>.</cd> - - <col><b>Hedge parsley</b></col>, <col><b>Milk parsley</b></col>, <col><b>Stone parsley</b></col>, <cd>names given to various weeds of similar appearance to the parsley.</cd> — <col><b>Parsley fern</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>a small fern with leaves resembling parsley (<i>Cryptogramme crispa</i>).</cd> — <col><b>Parsley piert</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>a small herb (<i>Alchemilla arvensis</i>) formerly used as a remedy for calculus.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pars"nip</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>parsnepe</i>, from a French form, fr. L. <i>pastinaca</i>; cf. <i>pastinare</i> to dig up, <i>pastinum</i> a kind of dibble; cf. OF. <i>pastenade</i>, <i>pastenaque</i>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The aromatic and edible spindle-shaped root of the cultivated form of the <i>Pastinaca sativa</i>, a biennial umbelliferous plant which is very poisonous in its wild state; also, the plant itself.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Cow parsnip</b></col>. <cd>See <u>Cow parsnip</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Meadow parsnip</b></col>, <cd>the European cow parsnip.</cd> - - <col><b>Poison parsnip</b></col>, <cd>the wild stock of the parsnip.</cd> — <col><b>Water parsnip</b></col>, <cd>any plant of the umbelliferous genus <i>Sium</i>, the species of which are poisonous.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Par"son</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>persone</i> person, parson, OF. <i>persone</i>, F. <i>personne</i> person, LL. <i>persona</i> (sc. <i>ecclesiae</i>), fr. L. <i>persona</i> a person. See <u>Person</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Eng. Eccl. Law)</i> <def>A person who represents a parish in its ecclesiastical and corporate capacities; hence, the rector or incumbent of a parochial church, who has full possession of all the rights thereof, with the cure of souls.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Any clergyman having ecclesiastical preferment; one who is in orders, or is licensed to preach; a preacher.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He hears the <i>parson</i> pray and preach.</blockquote> <i>Longfellow.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Parson bird</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a New Zealand bird (<i>Prosthemadera Nov&aelig;seelandi&aelig;</i>) remarkable for its powers of mimicry and its ability to articulate words. Its color is glossy black, with a curious tuft of long, curly, white feathers on each side of the throat. It is often kept as a cage bird.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Par"son*age</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Eng. Eccl. Law)</i> <def>A certain portion of lands, tithes, and offerings, for the maintenance of the parson of a parish.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The glebe and house, or the house only, owned by a parish or ecclesiastical society, and appropriated to the maintenance or use of the incumbent or settled pastor.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Money paid for the support of a parson.</def> [Scot.]</p>

<p><blockquote>What have I been paying stipend and teind, <i>parsonage</i> and vicarage, for?</blockquote> <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><hw>Par"soned</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Furnished with a parson.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Par*son"ic</hw> (?), <hw>Par*son"ic*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to a parson; clerical.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Vainglory glowed in his <i>parsonic</i> heart.</blockquote> <i>Colman.</i></p>

<p>— <wf>Par*son"ic*al*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Par"son*ish</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Appropriate to, or like, a parson; — used in disparagement.</def> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><hw>Part</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>part</i>, L. <i>pars</i>, gen. <i>partis</i>; cf. <i>parere</i> to bring forth, produce. Cf. <u>Parent</u>, <u>Depart</u>, <u>Parcel</u>, <u>Partner</u>, <u>Party</u>, <u>Portion</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One of the portions, equal or unequal, into which anything is divided, or regarded as divided; something less than a whole; a number, quantity, mass, or the like, regarded as going to make up, with others, a larger number, quantity, mass, etc., whether actually separate or not; a piece; a fragment; a fraction; a division; a member; a constituent.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>And kept back <i>part</i> of the price, . . . and brought a certain <i>part</i> and laid it at the apostles'feet.</blockquote> <i>Acts v. 2.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Our ideas of extension and number — do they not contain a secret relation of the <i>parts</i> ?</blockquote> <i>Locke.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>I am a <i>part</i> of all that I have met.</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> Hence, specifically: <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>An equal constituent portion; one of several or many like quantities, numbers, etc., into which anything is divided, or of which it is composed; proportional division or ingredient.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>An homer is the tenth <i>part</i> of an ephah.</blockquote> <i>Ex. xvi. 36.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>A thought which, quartered, hath but one <i>part</i> wisdom,<BR> And ever three <i>parts</i> coward.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A constituent portion of a living or spiritual whole; a member; an organ; an essential element.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>All the <i>parts</i> were formed . . . into one harmonious body.</blockquote> <i>Locke.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The pulse, the glow of every <i>part</i>.</blockquote> <i>Keble.</i></p>

<p><sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <def>A constituent of character or capacity; quality; faculty; talent; — usually in the plural with a collective sense.</def> "Men of considerable <i>parts</i>." <i>Burke.</i> "Great quickness of <i>parts</i>." <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Which maintained so politic a state of evil, that they will not admit any good <i>part</i> to intermingle with them.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sd><i>(d)</i></sd> <def>Quarter; region; district; — usually in the plural.</def> "The uttermost <i>part</i> of the heaven." <i>Neh. i. 9.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>All <i>parts</i> resound with tumults, plaints, and fears.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sd><i>(e)</i></sd> <i>(Math.)</i> <def>Such portion of any quantity, as when taken a certain number of times, will exactly make that quantity; as, 3 is a <i>part</i> of 12; — the opposite of <i>multiple</i>. Also, a line or other element of a geometrical figure.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>That which belongs to one, or which is assumed by one, or which falls to one, in a division or apportionment; share; portion; lot; interest; concern; duty; office.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>We have no <i>part</i> in David.</blockquote> <i>2 Sam. xx. 1.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Accuse not Nature! she hath done her <i>part</i>;<BR> Do thou but thine.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Let me bear<BR> My <i>part</i> of danger with an equal share.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> Hence, specifically: <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>One of the opposing parties or sides in a conflict or a controversy; a faction.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>For he that is not against us is on our <i>part</i>.</blockquote> <i>Mark ix. 40.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Make whole kingdoms take her brother's <i>part</i>.</blockquote> <i>Waller.</i></p>

<p><sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A particular character in a drama or a play; an assumed personification; also, the language, actions, and influence of a character or an actor in a play; or, figuratively, in real life. See <i>To act a part</i>, under <u>Act</u>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>That <i>part</i><BR> Was aptly fitted and naturally performed.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>It was a brute <i>part</i> of him to kill so capital a calf.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Honor and shame from no condition rise;<BR> Act well your <i>part</i>, there all the honor lies.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <i>(Mus.)</i> <def>One of the different melodies of a concerted composition, which heard in union compose its harmony; also, the music for each voice or instrument; as, the treble, tenor, or bass <i>part</i>; the violin <i>part</i>, etc.</def></p>

<p><col><b>For my part</b></col>, <cd>so far as concerns me; for my share.</cd> — <col><b>For the most part</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Most</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos></cd> — <col><b>In good part</b></col>, <cd>as well done; favorably; acceptably; in a friendly manner.</cd> <i>Hooker.</i> — <col><b>In ill part</b></col>, <cd>unfavorably; with displeasure.</cd> — <col><b>In part</b></col>, <cd>in some degree; partly.</cd> — <col><b>Part and parcel</b></col>, <cd>an essential or constituent portion; — a reduplicative phrase. Cf. <i>might and main</i>, <i>kith and kin</i>, etc.</cd> "She was . . . <i>part and parcel</i> of the race and place." <i>Howitt.</i> — <col><b>Part of speech</b></col> <i>(Gram.)</i>, <cd>a sort or class of words of a particular character; thus, the noun is a <i>part of speech</i> denoting the name of a thing; the verb is a <i>part of speech</i> which asserts something of the subject of a sentence.</cd> — <col><b>Part owner</b></col> <i>(Law)</i>, <cd>one of several owners or tenants in common. See <i>Joint tenant</i>, under <u>Joint</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Part singing</b></col>, <cd>singing in which two or more of the harmonic parts are taken.</cd> — <col><b>Part song</b></col>, <cd>a song in two or more (commonly four) distinct vocal parts.</cd> "A <i>part song</i> differs from a madrigal in its exclusion of contrapuntual devices; from a glee, in its being sung by many voices, instead of by one only, to each part." <i>Stainer & Barrett.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Portion; section; division; fraction; fragment; piece; share; constituent. See <u>Portion</u>, and <u>Section</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Part</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Parted</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Parting</u>.] [F. <i>partir</i>, L. <i>partire</i>, <i>partiri</i>, p. p. <i>partitus</i>, fr. <i>pars</i>, gen. <i>partis</i>, a part. See <u>Part</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To divide; to separate into distinct parts; to break into two or more parts or pieces; to sever.</def> "Thou shalt <i>part</i> it in pieces." <i>Lev. ii. 6.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>There, [celestial love] <i>parted</i> into rainbow hues.</blockquote> <i>Keble.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To divide into shares; to divide and distribute; to allot; to apportion; to share.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>To <i>part</i> his throne, and share his heaven with thee.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>They <i>parted</i> my raiment among them.</blockquote> <i>John xix. 24.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To separate or disunite; to cause to go apart; to remove from contact or contiguity; to sunder.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The Lord do so to me, and more also, if aught but death <i>part</i> thee and me.</blockquote> <i>Ruth i. 17.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>While he blessed them, he was <i>parted</i> from them, and carried up into heaven.</blockquote> <i>Luke xxiv. 51.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The narrow seas that <i>part</i><BR> The French and English.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Hence: To hold apart; to stand between; to intervene betwixt, as combatants.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The stumbling night did <i>part</i> our weary powers.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>To separate by a process of extraction, elimination, or secretion; as, to <i>part</i> gold from silver.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The liver minds his own affair, . . .<BR> And <i>parts</i> and strains the vital juices.</blockquote> <i>Prior.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>To leave; to quit.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Since presently your souls must <i>part</i> your bodies.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><col><b>To part a cable</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>to break it.</cd> — <col><b>To part company</b></col>, <cd>to separate, as travelers or companions.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Part</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To be broken or divided into parts or pieces; to break; to become separated; to go asunder; as, rope <i>parts</i>; his hair <i>parts</i> in the middle.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To go away; to depart; to take leave; to quit each other; hence, to die; — often with <i>from</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He wrung Bassanio's hand, and so they <i>parted</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>He owned that he had <i>parted</i> from the duke only a few hours before.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>His precious bag, which he would by no means <i>part</i> from.</blockquote> <i>G. Eliot.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To perform an act of parting; to relinquish a connection of any kind; — followed by <i>with</i> or <i>from</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Celia, for thy sake, I <i>part</i><BR> With all that grew so near my heart.</blockquote> <i>Waller.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Powerful hands . . . will not <i>part</i><BR> Easily from possession won with arms.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>It was strange to him that a father should feel no tenderness at <i>parting</i> with an only son.</blockquote> <i>A. Trollope.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To have a part or share; to partake.</def> [Obs.] "They shall <i>part</i> alike." <i>1 Sam. xxx. 24.</i></p>

<p><hw>Part</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>Partly; in a measure.</def> [R.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Part"a*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Partible</u>.</def> <i>Camden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Part"age</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. See <u>Part</u>, <pos><i>v.</i></pos> & <pos><i>n.</i></pos>]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Division; the act of dividing or sharing.</def> [Obs.] <i>Fuller.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Part; portion; share.</def> [Obs.] <i>Ford.</i></p>

<p><hw>Par*take"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp.</i></pos> <u>Partook</u> (?); <pos><i>p. p.</i></pos> <u>Partaken</u> (&?;); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Partaking</u>.] [<i>Part</i> + <i>take</i>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To take a part, portion, lot, or share, in common with others; to have a share or part; to participate; to share; as, to <i>partake</i> of a feast with others.</def> "Brutes <i>partake</i> in this faculty." <i>Locke.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>When I against myself with thee <i>partake</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To have something of the properties, character, or office; — usually followed by <i>of</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The attorney of the Duchy of Lancaster <i>partakes</i> partly of a judge, and partly of an attorney-general.</blockquote> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><! p. 1046 !></p>

<p><hw>Par*take"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To partake of; to have a part or share in; to share.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Let every one <i>partake</i> the general joy.</blockquote> <i>Driden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To admit to a share; to cause to participate; to give a part to.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spencer.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To distribute; to communicate.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Par*tak"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who partakes; a sharer; a participator.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Partakers</i> of their spiritual things.</blockquote> <i>Rom. xv. 27.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Wish me <i>partaker</i> in my happiness.</blockquote> <i>Shark.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>An accomplice; an associate; a partner.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote><i>Partakers</i> wish them in the blood of the prophets.</blockquote> <i>Matt. xxiii. 30.</i></p>

<p><hw>Par"tan</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. Ir. & Gael. <i>partan</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>An edible British crab.</def> [Prov. Eng.]</p>

<p><hw>Part"ed</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Separated; devided.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Endowed with parts or abilities.</def> [Obs.] <i>B. Jonson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Cleft so that the divisions reach nearly, but not quite, to the midrib, or the base of the blade; — said of a leaf, and used chiefly in composition; as, three- <i>parted</i>, five-<i>parted</i>, etc.</def> <i>Gray.</i></p>

<p><hw>Part"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who, or which, parts or separates.</def> <i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></p>

<p><hw>Par*terre"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., fr. <i>par</i> on, by (L. <i>per</i>)+<i>terre</i> earth, ground, L. <i>terra</i>. See <u>Terrace</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Hort.)</i> <def>An ornamental and diversified arrangement of beds or plots, in which flowers are cultivated, with intervening spaces of gravel or turf for walking on.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The pit of a theater; the parquet.</def> [France]</p>

<p><hw>Par*the"ni*ad</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Parthenic</u>.] <def>A poem in honor of a virgin.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Par*then"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; a maid, virgin.] <def>Of or pertaining to the Spartan Partheni&aelig;, or sons of unmarried women.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par`the*no*gen"e*sis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>parqe`nos</grk> a virgin + E. <i>genesis</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>The production of new individuals from virgin females by means of ova which have the power of developing without the intervention of the male element; the production, without fertilization, of cells capable of germination. It is one of the phenomena of alternate generation. Cf. <u>Heterogamy</u>, and <u>Metagenesis</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The production of seed without fertilization, believed to occur through the nonsexual formation of an embryo extraneous to the embrionic vesicle.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par`the*no*ge*net"ic</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>Of, pertaining to, or produced by, parthenogenesis; as, <i>parthenogenetic</i> forms.</def> — <wf>Par`the*no*ge*net"ic*al*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Par`the*no*gen"i*tive</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>Parthenogenetic.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par`the*nog"e*ny</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Parthenogenesis</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par"the*non</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., fr. Gr. <grk>Parqenw`n</grk>, fr.<grk>parqe`nos</grk> a virgin, i. e., Athene, the Greek goddess called also Pallas.] <def>A celebrated marble temple of Athene, on the Acropolis at Athens. It was of the pure Doric order, and has had an important influence on art.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Par*then"o*pe</hw> (p&auml;r*th&ebreve;n"&osl;*p&emacr;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., the name of a Siren, fr. Gr. <grk>Parqeno`pn</grk>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Gr. Myth.)</i> <def>One of the Sirens, who threw herself into the sea, in despair at not being able to beguile Ulysses by her songs.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>One of the asteroids between Mars and Jupiter, discovered by M. de Gasparis in 1850.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par"thi*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to ancient Parthia, in Asia.</def> — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A native of Parthia.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Parthian arrow</b></col>, <cd>an arrow discharged at an enemy when retreating from him, as was the custom of the ancient Parthians; hence, a parting shot.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Par"tial</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [F., fr. LL. <i>partials</i>, fr. L. <i>pars</i>, gen. <i>partis</i>, a part; cf. (for sense 1) F. <i>partiel</i>. See <u>Part</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Of, pertaining to, or affecting, a part only; not general or universal; not total or entire; as, a <i>partial</i> eclipse of the moon.</def> "<i>Partial</i> dissolutions of the earth." <i>T. Burnet.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Inclined to favor one party in a cause, or one side of a question, more then the other; baised; not indifferent; as, a judge should not be <i>partial</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Ye have been <i>partial</i> in the law.</blockquote> <i>Mal. ii. 9.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Having a predelection for; inclined to favor unreasonably; foolishly fond.</def> "A <i>partial</i> parent." <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Not <i>partial</i> to an ostentatious display.</blockquote> <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Pertaining to a subordinate portion; as, a compound umbel is made up of a several <i>partial</i> umbels; a leaflet is often supported by a <i>partial</i> petiole.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Partial differentials</b></col>, <col><b>Partial differential coefficients</b></col>, <col><b>Partial differentiation</b></col>, <cd>etc. (of a function of two or more variables), the differentials, differential coefficients, differentiation etc., of the function, upon the hypothesis that some of the variables are for the time constant.</cd> — <col><b>Partial fractions</b></col> <i>(Alg.)</i>, <cd>fractions whose sum equals a given fraction.</cd> — <col><b>Partial tones</b></col> <i>(Music)</i>, <cd>the simple tones which in combination form an ordinary tone; the overtones, or harmonics, which, blending with a fundamental tone, cause its special quality of sound, or <i>timbre</i>, or tone color. See, also, <u>Tone</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Par"tial*ism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Partiality; specifically <i>(Theol.)</i>, the doctrine of the Partialists.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par"tial*ist</hw> <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who is partial.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Theol.)</i> <def>One who holds that the atonement was made only for a part of mankind, that is, for the elect.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par`ti*al"i*ty</hw> (?; 277), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>partialit&eacute;</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The quality or state of being partial; inclination to favor one party, or one side of a question, more than the other; undue bias of mind.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A predilection or inclination to one thing rather than to others; special taste or liking; as, a <i>partiality</i> for poetry or painting.</def> <i>Roget.</i></p>

<p><hw>Par"tial*ize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t. & i.</i></pos> <def>To make or be partial.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Par"tial*ly</hw> <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>In part; not totally; as, <i>partially</i> true; the sun <i>partially</i> eclipsed.</def> <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>In a partial manner; with undue bias of mind; with unjust favor or dislike; as, to judge <i>partially</i>.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Part`i*bil"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From <u>Partible</u>.] <def>The quality or state of being partible; divisibility; separability; as, the <i>partibility</i> of an inherttance.</def></p>

<p><hw>Part"i*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>partibilis</i>, fr. <i>partire</i> to part, divide, fr. L. <i>pars</i>: cf. F. <i>partible</i>. See <u>Part</u>.] <def>Admitting of being parted; divisible; separable; susceptible of severance or partition; as, an estate of inheritance may be <i>partible</i>.</def> "Make the molds <i>partible</i>." <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><hw>Par*tic"i*pa*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Capable of being participated or shared.</def> [R.] <i>Norris.</i></p>

<p><hw>Par*tic"i*pant</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>participans</i>, p. pr. of <i>participare</i>: cf. F. <i>participant</i>. See <u>Participate</u>.] <def>Sharing; participating; having a share of part.</def> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><hw>Par*tic"i*pant</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A participator; a partaker.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Participants</i> in their . . . mysterious rites.</blockquote> <i>Bp. Warburton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Par*tic"i*pant*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a participant manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par*tic"i*pate</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>participatus</i>, p. p. of <i>participare</i> to participate; <i>pars</i>, <i>partis</i>, part + <i>capere</i> to take. See <u>Part</u>, and <u>Capacious</u>.] <def>Acting in common; participating.</def> [R.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Par*tic"i*pate</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Participated</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Participating</u>.] <def>To have a share in common with others; to take a part; to partake; — followed by <i>in</i>, formely by <i>of</i>; as, to <i>participate</i> in a debate.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>So would he <i>participate</i>of their wants.</blockquote> <i>Hayward.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Mine may come when men<BR> With angels may <i>participate</i>.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Par*tic"i*pate</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To partake of; to share in; to receive a part of.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Fit to <i>participate</i> all rational delight.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To impart, or give, or share of.</def> [Obs.] <i>Drayton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Par*tic`i*pa"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>participation</i>, L. <i>participatio</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act or state of participating, or sharing in common with others; as, a <i>participation</i> in joy or sorrows.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>These deities are so by <i>participation</i>.</blockquote> <i>Bp. Stillingfleet.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>What an honor, that God should admit us into such a blessed <i>participation</i> of himself!</blockquote> <i>Atterbury.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Distribution; division into shares.</def> [Obs.] <i>Raleigh.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>community; fellowship; association.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Par*tic"i*pa*tive</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>participatif</i>.] <def>Capable of participating.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par*tic"i*pa`tor</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L.] <def>One who participates, or shares with another; a partaker.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par`ti*cip"i*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>participialis</i>: cf. E. <i>participal</i>. See <u>Participle</u>.] <def>Having, or partaking of, the nature and use of a participle; formed from a participle; as, a <i>participial</i> noun.</def> <i>Lowth.</i></p>

<p><hw>Par`ti*cip"i*al</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A participial word.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par`ti*cip"i*al*ize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Participialized</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Participializing</u>.] <def>To form into, or put in the form of, a participle.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Par`ti*cip"i*al*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In the sense or manner of a participle.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par"ti*ci*ple</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>participe</i>, L. <i>participium</i>, fr. <i>particeps</i> sharing, participant; <i>pars</i>, gen. partis, a part + <i>capere</i> to take. See <u>Participate</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Gram.)</i> <def>A part of speech partaking of the nature both verb and adjective; a form of a verb, or verbal adjective, modifying a noun, but taking the adjuncts of the verb from which it is derived. In the sentences: a letter is <i>written</i>; <i>being</i> asleep he did not hear; <i>exhausted</i> by toil he will sleep soundly, — <i>written</i>, <i>being</i>, and <i>exhausted</i>are <i>participles</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>By a <i>participle</i>, [I understand] a verb in an adjectival aspect.</blockquote> <i>Earle.</i></p>

<p>&fist; <i>Present participles</i>, called also <i>imperfect</i>, or <i>incomplete</i>, <i>participles</i>, end in <i>-ing</i>. <i>Past participles</i>, called also <i>perfect</i>, or <i>complete</i>, <i>participles</i>, for the most part end in <i>-ed</i>, <i>-d</i>, <i>-t</i>, <i>-en</i>, or <i>-n</i>. A participle when used merely as an attribute of a noun, without reference to time, is called an <i>adjective</i>, or a <i>participial adjective</i>; as, a <i>written</i> constitution; a <i>rolling</i> stone; the <i>exhausted</i> army. The verbal noun in <i>-ing</i> has the form of the present participle. See <i>Verbal noun</i>, under <u>Verbal</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Anything that partakes of the nature of different things.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>participles</i> or confines between plants and living creatures.</blockquote> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><hw>Par"ti*cle</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>particula</i>, dim of <i>pars</i>, gen <i>partis</i>, a part: cf. F. <i>particule</i>. See <u>Part</u>, and cf. <u>Parcel</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A minute part or portion of matter; a morsel; a little bit; an atom; a jot; as, a <i>particle</i> of sand, of wood, of dust.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The small size of atoms which unite<BR> To make the smallest <i>particle</i> of light.</blockquote> <i>Blackmore.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Any very small portion or part; the smallest portion; as, he has not a <i>particle</i> of patriotism or virtue.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The houses had not given their commissioners authority in the least <i>particle</i> to recede.</blockquote> <i>Clarendon.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(R. C. Ch.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A crumb or little piece of concecrated host.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The smaller hosts distributed in the communion of the laity.</def> <i>Bp. Fitzpatrick.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Gram.)</i> <def>A subordinate word that is never inflected (a preposition, conjunction, interjection); or a word that can not be used except in compositions; as, <i>ward</i> in back<i>ward</i>, <i>ly</i> in love<i>ly</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par"ti*col`ored</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Party-colored</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par*tic"u*lar</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [OE. <i>particuler</i>, F. <i>particulier</i>, L. <i>particularis</i>. See <u>Particle</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Relating to a part or portion of anything; concerning a part separated from the whole or from others of the class; separate; sole; single; individual; specific; as, the <i>particular</i> stars of a constellation.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>[/Make] each <i>particular</i> hair to stand an end,<BR> Like quills upon the fretful porpentine.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Seken in every halk and every herne<BR> <i>Particular</i> sciences for to lerne.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Of or pertaining to a single person, class, or thing; belonging to one only; not general; not common; hence, personal; peculiar; singular.</def> "Thine own <i>particular</i> wrongs." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Wheresoever one plant draweth such a <i>particular</i> juice out of the earth.</blockquote> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Separate or distinct by reason of superiority; distinguished; important; noteworthy; unusual; special; as, he brought no <i>particular</i> news; she was the <i>particular</i> belle of the party.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Concerned with, or attentive to, details; minute; circumstantial; precise; as, a full and <i>particular</i> account of an accident; hence, nice; fastidious; as, a man <i>particular</i> in his dress.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <i>(Law)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>Containing a part only; limited; as, a <i>particular</i> estate, or one precedent to an estate in remainder.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>Holding a particular estate; as, a <i>particular</i> tenant.</def> <i>Blackstone.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <i>(Logic)</i> <def>Forming a part of a genus; relatively limited in extension; affirmed or denied of a part of a subject; as, a <i>particular</i> proposition; — opposed to <i>universal</i>: e. g. (<i>particular</i> affirmative) Some men are wise; (<i>particular</i> negative) Some men are not wise.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Particular average</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Average</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Particular Baptist</b></col>, <cd>one of a branch of the Baptist denomination the members of which hold the doctrine of a particular or individual election and reprobation.</cd> — <col><b>Particular lien</b></col> <i>(Law)</i>, <cd>a lien, or a right to retain a thing, for some charge or claim growing out of, or connected with, that particular thing.</cd> — <col><b>Particular redemption</b></col>, <cd>the doctrine that the purpose, act, and provisions of redemption are restricted to a limited number of the human race. See <u>Calvinism</u>.</cd></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Minute; individual; respective; appropriate; peculiar; especial; exact; specific; precise; critical; circumstantial. See <u>Minute</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Par*tic"u*lar</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A separate or distinct member of a class, or part of a whole; an individual fact, point, circumstance, detail, or item, which may be considered separately; as, the <i>particulars</i> of a story.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Particulars</i> which it is not lawful for me to reveal.</blockquote> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>It is the greatest interest of <i>particulars</i> to advance the good of the community.</blockquote> <i>L'Estrange.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Special or personal peculiarity, trait, or character; individuality; interest, etc.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>For his <i>particular</i> I'll receive him gladly.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>If the <i>particulars</i> of each person be considered.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Temporal blessings, whether such as concern the public . . . or such as concern our <i>particular</i>.</blockquote> <i>Whole Duty of Man.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Law)</i> <def>One of the details or items of grounds of claim; — usually in the <i>pl</i>.; also, a bill of particulars; a minute account; as, a <i>particular</i> of premises.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The reader has a <i>particular</i> of the books wherein this law was written.</blockquote> <i>Ayliffe.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Bill of particulars</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Bill</u>. - - <col><b>In particular</b></col>, specially; peculiarly.</cd> "This, <i>in particular</i>, happens to the lungs." <i>Blackmore.</i> — <col><b>To go into particulars</b></col>, <cd>to relate or describe in detail or minutely.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Par*tic"u*lar*ism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>particularisme</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A minute description; a detailed statement.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Theol.)</i> <def>The doctrine of particular election.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(German Politics)</i> <def>Devotion to the interests of one's own kingdom or province rather than to those of the empire.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par*tic"u*lar*ist</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>particulariste</i>.] <def>One who holds to particularism.</def> — <wf>Par*tic`u*lar*is"tic</wf>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Par*tic`u*lar"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Particularities</b></plw> (#). [Cf. F. <i>particularit&eacute;</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The state or quality of being particular; distinctiveness; circumstantiality; minuteness in detail.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>That which is particular</def>; as: <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>Peculiar quality; individual characteristic; peculiarity.</def> "An old heathen altar with this <i>particularity</i>." <i>Addison.</i> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>Special circumstance; minute detail; particular.</def> "Even descending to <i>particularities</i>." <i>Sir P. Sidney.</i> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <def>Something of special or private concern or interest.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Let the general trumpet blow his blast,<BR> <i>Particularities</i> and petty sounds<BR> To cease!</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Par*tic`u*lar*i*za"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The act of particularizing.</def> <i>Coleridge.</i></p>

<p><hw>Par*tic"u*lar*ize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Particularized</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Particularizing</u> (?).] [Cf. F. <i>particulariser</i>.] <def>To give as a particular, or as the particulars; to mention particularly; to give the particulars of; to enumerate or specify in detail.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He not only boasts of his parentage as an Israelite, but <i>particularizes</i> his descent from Benjamin.</blockquote> <i>Atterbury.</i></p>

<p><hw>Par*tic"u*lar*ize</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To mention or attend to particulars; to give minute details; to be circumstantial; as, to <i>particularize</i> in a narrative.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par*tic"u*lar*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>In a particular manner; expressly; with a specific reference or interest; in particular; distinctly.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>In an especial manner; in a high degree; as, a <i>particularly</i> fortunate man; a <i>particularly</i> bad failure.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The exact propriety of Virgil I <i>particularly</i> regarded as a great part of his character.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Par*tic"u*lar*ment</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A particular; a detail.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Par*tic"u*late</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t. & i.</i></pos> [See <u>Particle</u>.] <def>To particularize.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Par*tic"u*late</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Having the form of a particle.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Referring to, or produced by, particles, such as dust, minute germs, etc.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>The smallpox is a <i>particulate</i> disease.</blockquote> <i>Tyndall.</i></p>

<p><hw>Par"ting</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [From <u>Part</u>, <pos><i>v.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Serving to part; dividing; separating.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Given when departing; as, a <i>parting</i> shot; a <i>parting</i> salute.</def> "Give him that <i>parting</i> kiss." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Departing.</def> "Speed the <i>parting</i> guest." <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Admitting of being parted; partible.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Parting fellow</b></col>, <cd>a partner.</cd> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i> — <col><b>Parting pulley</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Pulley</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Parting sand</b></col> <i>(Founding)</i>, <cd>dry, nonadhesive sand, sprinkled upon the partings of a mold to facilitate the separation.</cd> — <col><b>Parting strip</b></col> <i>(Arch.)</i>, <cd>in a sash window, one of the thin strips of wood let into the pulley stile to keep the sashes apart; also, the thin piece inserted in the window box to separate the weights.</cd> — <col><b>Parting tool</b></col> <i>(Mach.)</i>, <cd>a thin tool, used in turning or planing, for cutting a piece in two.</cd></p>

<p><! p. 1047 !></p>

<p><hw>Par"ting</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of parting or dividing; the state of being parted; division; separation.</def> "The <i>parting</i> of the way." <i>Ezek. xxi. 21.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A separation; a leave-taking.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>And there were sudden <i>partings</i>, such as press<BR> The life from out young hearts.</blockquote> <i>Byron.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A surface or line of separation where a division occurs.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Founding)</i> <def>The surface of the sand of one section of a mold where it meets that of another section.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>The separation and determination of alloys; esp., the separation, as by acids, of gold from silver in the assay button.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <i>(Geol.)</i> <def>A joint or fissure, as in a coal seam.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>The breaking, as of a cable, by violence.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>8.</b></sn> <i>(Min.)</i> <def>Lamellar separation in a crystallized mineral, due to some other cause than cleavage, as to the presence of twinning lamell&aelig;.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par"ti*san</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., fr. It. <i>partigiano</i>. See <u>Party</u>, and cf. <u>Partisan</u> a truncheon.] [Written also <i>partizan</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>An adherent to a party or faction; esp., one who is strongly and passionately devoted to a party or an interest.</def> "The violence of a <i>partisan</i>." <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Both sides had their <i>partisans</i> in the colony.</blockquote> <i>Jefferson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Mil.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The commander of a body of detached light troops engaged in making forays and harassing an enemy.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>Any member of such a corps.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par"ti*san</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Written also <i>partizan</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Adherent to a party or faction; especially, having the character of blind, passionate, or unreasonable adherence to a party; as, blinded by <i>partisan</i> zeal.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Mil.)</i> <def>Serving as a partisan in a detached command; as, a <i>partisan</i> officer or corps.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Partisan ranger</b></col> <i>(Mil.)</i>, <cd>a member of a partisan corps.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Par"ti*san</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>pertuisane</i>, prob. fr. It. <i>partigiana</i>, influenced in French by OF. <i>pertuisier</i> to pierce. It was prob. so named as the weapon of some <i>partisans</i>, or party men. Cf. <u>Partisan</u> one of a corps of light troops.] <def>A kind of halberd or pike; also, a truncheon; a staff.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>And make him with our pikes and <i>partisans</i> a grave.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Par"ti*san*ship</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The state of being a partisan, or adherent to a party; feelings or conduct appropriate to a partisan.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Par*ti"ta</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [It.] <i>(Mus.)</i> <def>A suite; a set of variations.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par"tite</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>partitus</i>, p. p. of <i>partire</i> to part, divide, from <i>pars</i>. See <u>Part</u>, and cf. <u>Party</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Divided nearly to the base; as, a <i>partite</i> leaf is a simple separated down nearly to the base.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par*ti"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>partition</i>, L. <i>partitio</i>. See <u>Part</u>, <pos><i>v.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of parting or dividing; the state of being parted; separation; division; distribution; as, the <i>partition</i> of a kingdom.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>And good from bad find no <i>partition</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>That which divides or separates; that by which different things, or distinct parts of the same thing, are separated; separating boundary; dividing line or space; specifically, an interior wall dividing one part or apartment of a house, an inclosure, or the like, from another; as, a brick <i>partition</i>; lath and plaster <i>partitions</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>No sight could pass<BR> Betwixt the nice <i>partitions</i> of the grass.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A part divided off by walls; an apartment; a compartment.</def> [R.] "Lodged in a small <i>partition</i>." <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Law.)</i> <def>The servance of common or undivided interests, particularly in real estate. It may be effected by consent of parties, or by compulsion of law.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <i>(Mus.)</i> <def>A score.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Partition of numbers</b></col> <i>(Math.)</i>, <cd>the resolution of integers into parts subject to given conditions.</cd> <i>Brande & C.</i></p>

<p><hw>Par*ti"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Partitioned</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Partitioning</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To divide into parts or shares; to divide and distribute; as, to <i>partition</i> an estate among various heirs.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To divide into distinct parts by lines, walls, etc.; as, to <i>partition</i> a house.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Uniform without, though severally <i>partitioned</i> within.</blockquote> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><hw>Par*ti"tion*ment</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The act of partitioning.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par"ti*tive</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>partitif</i>.] <i>(Gram.)</i> <def>Denoting a part; as, a <i>partitive</i> genitive.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par"ti*tive</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Gram.)</i> <def>A word expressing partition, or denoting a part.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par"ti*tive*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a partitive manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Part"let</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Dim. of <i>part</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A covering for the neck, and sometimes for the shoulders and breast; originally worn by both sexes, but laterby women alone; a ruff.</def> [Obs.] <i>Fuller.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A hen; — so called from the ruffing of her neck feathers.</def> "Dame <i>Partlett</i>, the hen." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Part"ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In part; in some measure of degree; not wholly.</def> "I <i>partly</i> believe it." <i>1 Cor. xi. 18.</i></p>

<p><hw>Part"ner</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [For <i>parcener</i>, influenced by <i>part</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who has a part in anything with an other; a partaker; an associate; a sharer. "<i>Partner</i> of his fortune." <i>Shak.</i> Hence: <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> A husband or a wife. <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> Either one of a couple who dance together. <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> One who shares as a member of a partnership in the management, or in the gains and losses, of a business.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>My other self, the <i>partner</i> of my life.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Law)</i> <def>An associate in any business or occupation; a member of a partnership. See <u>Partnership</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>pl.</i> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>A framework of heavy timber surrounding an opening in a deck, to strengthen it for the support of a mast, pump, capstan, or the like.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Dormant</b></col>, or <col><b>Silent</b></col>, <col><b>partner</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Dormant</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos></cd></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Associate; colleague; coadjutor; confederate; partaker; participator; companion; comrade; mate.</p>

<p><hw>Part"ner</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To associate, to join.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Part"ner*ship</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The state or condition of being a partner; as, to be in <i>partnership</i> with another; to have <i>partnership</i> in the fortunes of a family or a state.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A division or sharing among partners; joint possession or interest.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Rome, that ne'er knew three lordly heads before,<BR> First fell by fatal <i>partnership</i> of power.</blockquote> <i>Rowe.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>He does possession keep,<BR> And is too wise to hazard <i>partnership</i>.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>An alliance or association of persons for the prosecution of an undertaking or a business on joint account; a company; a firm; a house; as, to form a <i>partnership</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Law)</i> <def>A contract between two or more competent persons for joining together their money, goods, labor, and skill, or any or all of them, under an understanding that there shall be a communion of profit between them, and for the purpose of carrying on a legal trade, business, or adventure.</def> <i>Kent. Story.</i></p>

<p>&fist; Community of profit is absolutely essential to, though not necessary the test of, a partnership.</p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <i>(Arith.)</i> <def>See <u>Fellowship</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, 6.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Limited partnership</b></col>, <cd>a form of partnership in which the firm consists of one or more general partners, jointly and severally responsible as ordinary partners, and one or more special partners, who are not liable for the debts of the partnership beyond the amount of cash they contribute as capital.</cd> — <col><b>Partnership in commendam</b></col>, <cd>the title given to the limited partnership (F. <i>soci&eacute;t&eacute; en commandit&eacute;</i>) of the French law, introduced into the code of Louisiana.</cd> <i>Burrill.</i> — <col><b>Silent partnership</b></col>, <cd>the relation of partnership sustained by a person who furnishes capital only.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Par*took"</hw> (?), <def><pos><i>imp.</i></pos> of <u>Partake</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par"tridge</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>partriche</i>, <i>pertriche</i>, OF. <i>pertris</i>, <i>perdriz</i>, F. <i>perdrix</i>, L. <i>perdix</i>, <i>-icis</i>, fr. Gr. &?;.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Any one of numerous species of small gallinaceous birds of the genus <i>Perdix</i> and several related genera of the family <i>Perdicid&aelig;</i>, of the Old World. The partridge is noted as a game bird.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Full many a fat <i>partrich</i> had he in mew.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p>&fist; The common European, or gray, partridge (<i>Perdix cinerea</i>) and the red-legged partridge (<i>Caccabis rubra</i>) of Southern Europe and Asia are well-known species.</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Any one of several species of quail-like birds belonging to <i>Colinus</i>, and allied genera.</def> [U.S.]</p>

<p>&fist; Among them are the bobwhite (<i>Colinus Virginianus</i>) of the Eastern States; the plumed, or mountain, partridge (<i>Oreortyx pictus</i>) of California; the Massena partridge (<i>Cyrtonyx Montezum&aelig;</i>); and the California partridge (<i>Callipepla Californica</i>).</p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>The ruffed grouse (<i>Bonasa umbellus</i>).</def> [New Eng.]</p>

<p><col><b>Bamboo partridge</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a spurred partridge of the genus <i>Bambusicola</i>. Several species are found in China and the East Indies.</cd> — <col><b>Night partridge</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the woodcock.</cd> [Local, U.S.] — <col><b>Painted partridge</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a francolin of South Africa (<i>Francolinus pictus</i>).</cd> — <col><b>Partridge berry</b></col>. <i>(Bot.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>The scarlet berry of a trailing american plant (<i>Mitchella repens</i>) of the order <i>Rubiace&aelig;</i>, having roundish evergreen leaves, and white fragrant flowers sometimes tinged with purple, growing in pairs with the ovaries united, and producing the berries which remain over winter; also, the plant itself</cd>. <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>The fruit of the creeping wintergreen (<i>Gaultheria procumbens</i>); also, the plant itself.</cd> — <col><b>Partridge dove</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <cd>Same as <i>Mountain witch</i>, under <u>Mountain</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Partridge pea</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>a yellow-flowered leguminous herb (<i>Cassia Cham&aelig;crista</i>), common in sandy fields in the Eastern United States.</cd> — <col><b>Partridge shell</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a large marine univalve shell (<i>Dolium perdix</i>), having colors variegated like those of the partridge.</cd> — <col><b>Partridge wood</b></col> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>A variegated wood, much esteemed for cabinetwork. It is obtained from tropical America, and one source of it is said to be the leguminous tree <i>Andira inermis</i>.</cd> Called also <i>pheasant wood</i>. <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>A name sometimes given to the dark-colored and striated wood of some kind of palm, which is used for walking sticks and umbrella handles.</cd> — <col><b>Sea partridge</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>an Asiatic sand partridge (<i>Ammoperdix Bonhami</i>); — so called from its note.</cd> — <col><b>Snow partridge</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a large spurred partridge (<i>Lerwa nivicola</i>) which inhabits the high mountains of Asia.</cd> — <col><b>Spruce partridge</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Spruce</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Wood partridge</b></col>, or <col><b>Hill partridge</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>any small Asiatic partridge of the genus <i>Arboricola</i>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Par"ture</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Departure.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Par*tu"ri*ate</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [See <u>Parturient</u>.] <def>To bring forth young.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Par*tu"ri*en*cy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Parturition.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par*tu"ri*ent</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>parturiens</i>, p. pr. of <i>parturire</i> to desire to bring forth, fr. <i>parere</i>, <i>partum</i>, to bring forth. See <u>Parent</u>.] <def>Bringing forth, or about to bring forth, young; fruitful.</def> <i>Jer. Tailor.</i></p>

<p><hw>Par*tu`ri*fa"cient</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>parturire</i> to desire to bring forth + <i>facere</i> to make.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>A medicine tending to cause parturition, or to give relief in childbearing.</def> <i>Dunglison.</i></p>

<p><hw>Par*tu"ri*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Parturient.</def> [Obs.] <i>Drayton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Par`tu*ri"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>parturitio</i>, fr. <i>parturire</i>: cf. F. <i>parturition</i>. See <u>Parturient</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of bringing forth, or being delivered of, young; the act of giving birth; delivery; childbirth.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>That which is brought forth; a birth.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Par*tu"ri*tive</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pertaining to parturition; obstetric.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Par"ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Parties</b></plw> (#). [F. <i>parti</i> and <i>partie</i>, fr. F. <i>partir</i> to part, divide, L. <i>partire</i>, <i>partiri</i>. See <u>Part</u>, <pos><i>v.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A part or portion.</def> [Obs.] "The most <i>party</i> of the time." <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A number of persons united in opinion or action, as distinguished from, or opposed to, the rest of a community or association; esp., one of the parts into which a people is divided on questions of public policy.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Win the noble Brutus to our <i>party</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The peace both <i>parties</i> want is like to last.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A part of a larger body of company; a detachment; especially <i>(Mil.)</i>, a small body of troops dispatched on special service.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>A number of persons invited to a social entertainment; a select company; as, a dinner <i>party</i>; also, the entertainment itself; as, to give a <i>party</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>One concerned or interested in an affair; one who takes part with others; a participator; as, he was a <i>party</i> to the plot; a <i>party</i> to the contract.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>The plaintiff or the defendant in a lawsuit, whether an individual, a firm, or corporation; a litigant.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The cause of both <i>parties</i> shall come before the judges.</blockquote> <i>Ex. xxii. 9.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <def>Hence, any certain person who is regarded as being opposed or antagonistic to another.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>It the jury found that the <i>party</i> slain was of English race, it had been adjudged felony.</blockquote> <i>Sir J. Davies.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>8.</b></sn> <def>Cause; side; interest.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Have you nothing said<BR> Upon this <i>Party</i> 'gainst the Duke of Albany?</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>9.</b></sn> <def>A person; as, he is a queer <i>party</i>.</def> [Now accounted a vulgarism.]</p>

<p> "For several generations, our ancestors largely employed <i>party</i> for <i>person</i>; but this use of the word, when it appeared to be reviving, happened to strike, more particularly, the fancy of the vulgar; and the consequence has been, that the polite have chosen to leave it in their undisputed possession." <i>Fitzed. Hall.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Party jury</b></col> <i>(Law)</i>, <cd>a jury composed of different parties, as one which is half natives and half foreigners.</cd> — <col><b>Party man</b></col>, <cd>a partisan.</cd> <i>Swift.</i> — <col><b>Party spirit</b></col>, <cd>a factious and unreasonable temper, not uncommonly shown by party men.</cd> <i>Whately.</i> — <col><b>Party verdict</b></col>, <cd>a joint verdict.</cd> <i>Shak.</i> — <col><b>Party wall</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <i>(Arch.)</i> <cd>A wall built upon the dividing line between two adjoining properties, usually having half its thickness on each property</cd>. <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <i>(Law)</i> <cd>A wall that separates adjoining houses, as in a block or row.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Par"ty</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [F. <i>parti</i> divided, fr. <i>partir</i> to divide. See <u>Part</u>, <pos><i>v.</i></pos>, and cf. <u>Partite</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Her.)</i> <def>Parted or divided, as in the direction or form of one of the ordinaries; as, an escutcheon <i>party</i> per pale.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Partial; favoring one party.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I will be true judge, and not <i>party</i>.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Charter party</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Charter</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Par"ty</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>Partly.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Par"ty-coat`ed</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having a motley coat, or coat of divers colors.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Par"ty-col`ored</hw>, <hw>Par"ti-col`ored</hw> } (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Colored with different tints; variegated; as, a <i>party-colored</i> flower.</def> "<i>Parti-colored</i> lambs." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Par"ty*ism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Devotion to party.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par`um*bil"ic*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>para- </i> + <i>umbilical</i>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Near the umbilicus; — applied especially to one or more small veins which, in man, connect the portal vein with the epigastric veins in the front wall of the abdomen.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pa*ru"si*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?; presence, fr. &?; to be present; <grk>para`</grk> beside + &?; to be.] <i>(Rhet.)</i> <def>A figure of speech by which the present tense is used instead of the past or the future, as in the animated narration of past, or in the prediction of future, events.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par`va*nim"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>parvus</i> little + <i>animus</i> mind.] <def>The state or quality of having a little or ignoble mind; pettiness; meanness; — opposed to <i>magnanimity</i>.</def> <i>De Quincey.</i></p>

<p><hw>Par"ve*nu`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., prop. p. p. of <i>parvenir</i> to attain to, to succeed, to rise to high station, L. <i>pervenire</i> to come to; <i>per</i> through + <i>venire</i> to come. See <u>Par</u>, prep., and <u>Come</u>.] <def>An upstart; a man newly risen into notice.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Par"vis</hw>, <hw>Par"vise</hw> } (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>parvis</i>, fr. LL. <i>paravisus</i>, fr. L. <i>paradisus</i>. See <u>Paradise</u>.] <def>a court of entrance to, or an inclosed space before, a church; hence, a church porch; — sometimes formerly used as place of meeting, as for lawyers.</def> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Par"vi*tude</hw> (?), <hw>Par"vi*ty</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>parvitas</i>, fr. <i>parvus</i> little: cf. OF. <i>parvit&eacute;</i>.] <def>Littleness.</def> [Obs.] <i>Glanvill. Ray.</i></p>

<p><hw>Par"vo*lin</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Physiol. Chem.)</i> <def>A nonoxygenous ptomaine, formed in the putrefaction of albuminous matters, especially of horseflesh and mackerel.</def></p>

<p><hw>Par"vo*line</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A liquid base, C&?;H&?;N, of the pyridine group, found in coal tar; also, any one of the series of isometric substances of which it is the type.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pas</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. See <u>Pace</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A pace; a step, as in a dance.</def> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Right of going foremost; precedence.</def> <i>Arbuthnot.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pa"san</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The gemsbok.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pasch</hw> (?), <hw>||Pas"cha</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>pascha</i>, L. <i>pascha</i>, Gr. &?;, fr. Heb. <i>pesach</i>, fr. <i>p&amacr;sach</i> to pass over: cf. OF. <i>pasque</i>, F. <i>p&acirc;que</i>. Cf. <u>Paschal</u>, <u>Paas</u>, <u>Paque</u>.] <def>The passover; the feast of Easter.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Pasch egg</b></col>. <cd>See <i>Easter egg</i>, under <u>Easter</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Pasch flower</b></col>. <cd>See <i>Pasque flower</i>, under <u>Pasque</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pas"chal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>paschalis</i>: cf. F. <i>pascal</i>. See <u>Pasch</u>.] <def>Of or pertaining to the passover, or to Easter; as, a <i>paschal</i> lamb; <i>paschal</i> eggs.</def> <i>Longfellow.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Paschal candle</b></col> <i>(R. C. Ch.)</i>, <cd>a large wax candle, blessed and placed on the altar on Holy Saturday, or the day before Easter.</cd> — <col><b>Paschal flower</b></col>. See <i>Pasque flower</i>, under <u>Pasque</u>.</p>

<p><! p. 1048 !></p>

<p><hw>Pa*seng"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The wild or bezoar goat. See <u>Goat</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pash</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [Prob. of imitative origin, or possibly akin to <i>box</i> to fight with the fists.] <def>To strike; to crush; to smash; to dash in pieces.</def> [Obs.] <i>P. Plowman.</i> "I'll <i>pash</i> him o'er the face." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pash</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Scot., the pate. Cf. <u>Pash</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The head; the poll.</def> [R.] "A rough <i>pash</i>." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A crushing blow.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A heavy fall of rain or snow.</def> [Prov. Eng.]</p>

<p><hw>Pa*sha"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Turk. <i>p&amacr;sh&amacr;</i>, <i>b&amacr;sh&amacr;</i>; cf. Per. <i>b&amacr;sh&amacr;</i>, <i>b&amacr;dsh&amacr;h</i>; perh. a corruption of Per. <i>p&amacr;dish&amacr;h</i>. Cf. <u>Bashaw</u>, <u>Padishah</u>, <u>Shah</u>.] <def>An honorary title given to officers of high rank in Turkey, as to governers of provinces, military commanders, etc. The earlier form was <i>bashaw</i>.</def> [Written also <i>pacha</i>.]</p>

<p>&fist; There are three classes of pashas, whose rank is distinguished by the number of the horsetails borne on their standards, being one, two, or three, a <i>pasha</i> of three tails being the highest.</p>

<p><hw>Pa*sha"lic</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Written also <i>pachalic</i>.] [Turk.] <def>The jurisdiction of a pasha.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa*shaw"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Pasha</u>.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pas`i*graph"ic</hw> (?), <hw>Pas`i*graph"ic*al</hw> (?) } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to pasigraphy.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa*sig"ra*phy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; for all (dat. pl. of &?; all) + <i>-graphy</i>.] <def>A system of universal writing, or a manner of writing that may be understood and used by all nations.</def> <i>Good.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pas"i*la`ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; for all (dat. pl. of &?; all) + &?; talking.] <def>A form of speech adapted to be used by all mankind; universal language.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pask</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Pasque</u>.] <def>See <u>Pasch</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pas"py</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>passe-pied</i>.] <def>A kind of minuet, in triple time, of French origin, popular in the reign of Queen Elizabeth and for some time after; — called also <i>passing measure</i>, and <i>passymeasure</i>.</def> <i>Percy Smith.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pasque</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>pasque</i>.] <def>See <u>Pasch</u>.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Pasque flower</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>a name of several plants of the genus <i>Anemone</i>, section <i>Pulsatilla</i>. They are perennial herbs with rather large purplish blossoms, which appear in early spring, or about Easter, whence the common name. Called also <i>campana</i>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pas"quil</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [It. <i>pasquillo</i>.] <def>See <u>Pasquin</u>.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Pas"quil</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [R.] <def>See <u>Pasquin</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pas"quil*ant</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A lampooner; a pasquiler.</def> [R.] <i>Coleridge.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pas"quil*er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A lampooner.</def> [R.] <i>Burton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pas"quin</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [It. <i>pasquino</i> a mutilated statue at Rome, set up against the wall of the place of the Orsini; — so called from a witty cobbler or tailor, near whose shop the statue was dug up. On this statue it was customary to paste satiric papers.] <def>A lampooner; also, a lampoon. See <u>Pasquinade</u>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The Grecian wits, who satire first began,<BR> Were pleasant <i>pasquins</i> on the life of man.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pas"quin</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To lampoon; to satiraze.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>To see himself <i>pasquined</i> and affronted.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pas`quin*ade"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>pasquinade</i>, It. <i>pasquinata</i>.] <def>A lampoon or satirical writing.</def> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pas`quin*ade"</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To lampoon, to satirize.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pass</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Passed</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Passing</u>.] [F. <i>passer</i>, LL. <i>passare</i>, fr. L. <i>passus</i> step, or from <i>pandere</i>, <i>passum</i>, to spread out, lay open. See <u>Pace</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To go; to move; to proceed; to be moved or transferred from one point to another; to make a transit; — usually with a following adverb or adverbal phrase defining the kind or manner of motion; as, to <i>pass</i> on, by, out, in, etc.; to <i>pass</i> swiftly, directly, smoothly, etc.; to <i>pass</i> to the rear, under the yoke, over the bridge, across the field, beyond the border, etc.</def> "But now <i>pass</i> over [i. e., <i>pass</i> on]." <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>On high behests his angels to and fro<BR> <i>Passed</i> frequent.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Sweet sounds rose slowly through their mouths,<BR> And from their bodies <i>passed</i>.</blockquote> <i>Coleridge.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To move or be transferred from one state or condition to another; to change possession, condition, or circumstances; to undergo transition; as, the business has <i>passed</i> into other hands.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Others, dissatisfied with what they have, . . . <i>pass</i> from just to unjust.</blockquote> <i>Sir W. Temple.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To move beyond the range of the senses or of knowledge; to pass away; hence, to disappear; to vanish; to depart; specifically, to depart from life; to die.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Disturb him not, let him <i>pass</i> paceably.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Beauty is a charm, but soon the charm will <i>pass</i>.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>passing</i> of the sweetest soul<BR> That ever looked with human eyes.</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To move or to come into being or under notice; to come and go in consciousness; hence, to take place; to occur; to happen; to come; to occur progressively or in succession; to be present transitorily.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>So death <i>passed</i> upon all men.</blockquote> <i>Rom. v. 12.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Our own consciousness of what <i>passes</i> within our own mind.</blockquote> <i>I. Watts.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>To go by or glide by, as time; to elapse; to be spent; as, their vacation <i>passed</i> pleasantly.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Now the time is far <i>passed</i>.</blockquote> <i>Mark vi. 35</i></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>To go from one person to another; hence, to be given and taken freely; as, clipped coin will not <i>pass</i>; to obtain general acceptance; to be held or regarded; to circulate; to be current; — followed by <i>for</i> before a word denoting value or estimation.</def> "Let him <i>pass</i> for a man." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>False eloquence <i>passeth</i> only where true is not understood.</blockquote> <i>Felton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>This will not <i>pass</i> for a fault in him.</blockquote> <i>Atterbury.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <def>To advance through all the steps or stages necessary to validity or effectiveness; to be carried through a body that has power to sanction or reject; to receive legislative sanction; to be enacted; as, the resolution <i>passed</i>; the bill <i>passed</i> both houses of Congress.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>8.</b></sn> <def>To go through any inspection or test successfully; to be approved or accepted; as, he attempted the examination, but did not expect to <i>pass</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>9.</b></sn> <def>To be suffered to go on; to be tolerated; hence, to continue; to live along.</def> "The play may <i>pass</i>." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>10.</b></sn> <def>To go unheeded or neglected; to proceed without hindrance or opposition; as, we let this act <i>pass</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>11.</b></sn> <def>To go beyond bounds; to surpass; to be in excess.</def> [Obs.] "This <i>passes</i>, Master Ford." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>12.</b></sn> <def>To take heed; to care.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>As for these silken-coated slaves, I <i>pass</i> not.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>13.</b></sn> <def>To go through the intestines.</def> <i>Arbuthnot.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>14.</b></sn> <i>(Law)</i> <def>To be conveyed or transferred by will, deed, or other instrument of conveyance; as, an estate <i>passes</i> by a certain clause in a deed.</def> <i>Mozley & W.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>15.</b></sn> <i>(Fencing)</i> <def>To make a lunge or pass; to thrust.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>16.</b></sn> <i>(Card Playing & other games)</i> <def>To decline to take an optional action when it is one's turn, as to decline to bid, or to bet, or to play a card; in euchre, to decline to make the trump.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>She would not play, yet must not <i>pass</i>.</blockquote> <i>Prior.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>17.</b></sn> <def>In football, hockey, etc., to make a pass; to transfer the ball, etc., to another player of one's own side.</def><BR> [Webster 1913 Suppl.]</p>

<p><col><b>To bring to pass</b></col>, <col><b>To come to pass</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Bring</u>, and <u>Come</u>.</cd> — <col><b>To pass away</b></col>, <cd>to disappear; to die; to vanish.</cd> "The heavens shall <i>pass away</i>." <i>2 Pet. iii. 10.</i> "I thought to <i>pass away</i> before, but yet alive I am." <i>Tennyson.</i> — <col><b>To pass by</b></col>, <cd>to go near and beyond a certain person or place; as, he <i>passed by</i> as we stood there.</cd> — <col><b>To pass into</b></col>, <cd>to change by a gradual transmission; to blend or unite with.</cd> — <col><b>To pass on</b></col>, <cd>to proceed.</cd> — <col><b>To pass on</b></col> or <col><b>upon</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>To happen to; to come upon; to affect</cd>. "So death <i>passed upon</i> all men." <i>Rom. v. 12.</i> "Provided no indirect act <i>pass upon</i> our prayers to define them." <i>Jer. Taylor.</i> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>To determine concerning; to give judgment or sentence upon.</cd> "We may not <i>pass upon</i> his life." <i>Shak.</i> — <col><b>To pass off</b></col>, <cd>to go away; to cease; to disappear; as, an agitation <i>passes off</i>.</cd> — <col><b>To pass over</b></col>, <cd>to go from one side or end to the other; to cross, as a river, road, or bridge.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pass</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> In simple, transitive senses; as: <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>To go by, beyond, over, through, or the like; to proceed from one side to the other of; as, to <i>pass</i> a house, a stream, a boundary, etc.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> Hence: <def>To go from one limit to the other of; to spend; to live through; to have experience of; to undergo; to suffer.</def> "To <i>pass</i> commodiously this life." <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>She loved me for the dangers I had <i>passed</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <def>To go by without noticing; to omit attention to; to take no note of; to disregard.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Please you that I may <i>pass</i> This doing.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>I <i>pass</i> their warlike pomp, their proud array.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sd><i>(d)</i></sd> <def>To transcend; to surpass; to excel; to exceed.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>And strive to <i>pass</i> . . . <BR> Their native music by her skillful art.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Whose tender power<BR> <i>Passes</i> the strength of storms in their most desolate hour.</blockquote> <i>Byron.</i></p>

<p><sd><i>(e)</i></sd> <def>To go successfully through, as an examination, trail, test, etc.; to obtain the formal sanction of, as a legislative body; as, he <i>passed</i> his examination; the bill <i>passed</i> the senate.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> In causative senses: as: <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>To cause to move or go; to send; to transfer from one person, place, or condition to another; to transmit; to deliver; to hand; to make over; as, the waiter <i>passed</i> bisquit and cheese; the torch was <i>passed</i> from hand to hand.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I had only time to <i>pass</i> my eye over the medals.</blockquote> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Waller <i>passed</i> over five thousand horse and foot by Newbridge.</blockquote> <i>Clarendon.</i></p>

<p><sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>To cause to pass the lips; to utter; to pronounce; hence, to promise; to pledge; as, to <i>pass</i> sentence.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p> <blockquote>Father, thy word is <i>passed</i>.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <def>To cause to advance by stages of progress; to carry on with success through an ordeal, examination, or action; specifically, to give legal or official sanction to; to ratify; to enact; to approve as valid and just; as, he <i>passed</i> the bill through the committee; the senate <i>passed</i> the law.</def> <sd><i>(e)</i></sd> <def>To put in circulation; to give currency to; as, to <i>pass</i> counterfeit money.</def> "<i>Pass</i> the happy news." <i>Tennyson.</i> <sd><i>(f)</i></sd> <def>To cause to obtain entrance, admission, or conveyance; as, to <i>pass</i> a person into a theater, or over a railroad.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To emit from the bowels; to evacuate.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>To take a turn with (a line, gasket, etc.), as around a sail in furling, and make secure.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <i>(Fencing)</i> <def>To make, as a thrust, punto, etc.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Passed midshipman</b></col>. <cd>See under Midshipman.</cd> — <col><b>To pass a dividend</b></col>, <cd>to omit the declaration and payment of a dividend at the time when due.</cd> — <col><b>To pass away</b></col>, <cd>to spend; to waste.</cd> "Lest she <i>pass away</i> the flower of her age." <i>Ecclus. xlii. 9.</i> — <col><b>To pass by</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>To disregard; to neglect</cd>. <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>To excuse; to spare; to overlook.</cd> — <col><b>To pass off</b></col>, <cd>to impose fraudulently; to palm off.</cd> "<i>Passed</i> himself <i>off</i> as a bishop." <i>Macaulay.</i> — <col><b>To pass (something) on</b></col> or <col><b>upon (some one)</b></col>, <cd>to put upon as a trick or cheat; to palm off.</cd> "She <i>passed</i> the child <i>on</i> her husband for a boy." <i>Dryden.</i> — <col><b>To pass over</b></col>, <cd>to overlook; not to note or resent; as, to <i>pass over</i> an affront.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pass</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>pas</i> (for sense 1), and <i>passe</i>, fr. <i>passer</i> to pass. See <u>Pass</u>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>An opening, road, or track, available for passing; especially, one through or over some dangerous or otherwise impracticable barrier; a passageway; a defile; a ford; as, a mountain <i>pass</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>"Try not the <i>pass</i>!" the old man said.</blockquote> <i>Longfellow.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Fencing)</i> <def>A thrust or push; an attempt to stab or strike an adversary.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A movement of the hand over or along anything; the manipulation of a mesmerist.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Rolling Metals)</i> <def>A single passage of a bar, rail, sheet, etc., between the rolls.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>State of things; condition; predicament.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Have his daughters brought him to this <i>pass</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Matters have been brought to this <i>pass</i>.</blockquote> <i>South.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>Permission or license to pass, or to go and come; a psssport; a ticket permitting free transit or admission; as, a railroad or theater <i>pass</i>; a military <i>pass</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A ship sailing under the flag and <i>pass</i> of an enemy.</blockquote> <i>Kent.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <def>Fig.: a thrust; a sally of wit.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>8.</b></sn> <def>Estimation; character.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Common speech gives him a worthy <i>pass</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>9.</b></sn> [Cf. <u>Passus</u>.] <def>A part; a division.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Pass boat</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>a punt, or similar boat.</cd> — <col><b>Pass book</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>A book in which a trader enters articles bought on credit, and then passes or sends it to the purchaser</cd>. <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>See <u>Bank book</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Pass box</b></col> <i>(Mil.)</i>, <cd>a wooden or metallic box, used to carry cartridges from the service magazine to the piece.</cd> — <col><b>Pass check</b></col>, <cd>a ticket of admission to a place of entertainment, or of readmission for one who goes away in expectation of returning.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pass"a*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>passable</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Capable of being passed, traveled, navigated, traversed, penetrated, or the like; as, the roads are not <i>passable</i>; the stream is <i>passable</i>in boats.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>His body's a <i>passable</i> carcass if it be not hurt; it is a throughfare for steel.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Capable of being freely circulated or disseminated; acceptable; generally receivable; current.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>With men as with false money — one piece is more or less <i>passable</i> than another.</blockquote> <i>L'Estrange.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Could they have made this slander <i>passable</i>.</blockquote> <i>Collier.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Such as may be allowed to pass without serious objection; tolerable; admissable; moderate; mediocre.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>My version will appear a <i>passable</i> beauty when the original muse is absent.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pass"a*ble*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality of being passable.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pass"a*bly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>Tolerably; moderately.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>||Pas`sa*ca*glia</hw> (?), <hw>||Pas`sa*ca*glio</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Sp. <i>pasacalle</i> a certain tune on the guitar, prop., a tune played in passing through the streets.] <i>(Mus.)</i> <def>An old Italian or Spanish dance tune, in slow three-four measure, with divisions on a ground bass, resembling a chaconne.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pas*sade"</hw> (?), <hw>Pas*sa"do</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>passade</i>; cf. Sp. <i>pasada</i>. See <u>Pass</u>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Fencing)</i> <def>A pass or thrust.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Man.)</i> <def>A turn or course of a horse backward or forward on the same spot of ground.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pas"sage</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>passage</i>. See <u>Pass</u>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of passing; transit from one place to another; movement from point to point; a going by, over, across, or through; as, the <i>passage</i> of a man or a carriage; the <i>passage</i> of a ship or a bird; the <i>passage</i> of light; the <i>passage</i> of fluids through the pores or channels of the body.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>What! are my doors opposed against my <i>passage</i>!</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Transit by means of conveyance; journey, as by water, carriage, car, or the like; travel; right, liberty, or means, of passing; conveyance.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The ship in which he had taken <i>passage</i>.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Price paid for the liberty to pass; fare; as, to pay one's <i>passage</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Removal from life; decease; departure; death.</def> [R.] "Endure thy mortal <i>passage</i>." <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>When he is fit and season'd for his <i>passage</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>Way; road; path; channel or course through or by which one passes; way of exit or entrance; way of access or transit. Hence, a common avenue to various apartments in a building; a hall; a corridor.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>And with his pointed dart<BR> Explores the nearest <i>passage</i> to his heart.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The Persian army had advanced into the . . . <i>passages</i> of Cilicia.</blockquote> <i>South.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>A continuous course, process, or progress; a connected or continuous series; as, the <i>passage</i> of time.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The conduct and <i>passage</i> of affairs.</blockquote> <i>Sir J. Davies.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>passage</i> and whole carriage of this action.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <def>A separate part of a course, process, or series; an occurrence; an incident; an act or deed.</def> "In thy <i>passages</i> of life." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The . . . almost incredible <i>passage</i> of their unbelief.</blockquote> <i>South.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>8.</b></sn> <def>A particular portion constituting a part of something continuous; esp., a portion of a book, speech, or musical composition; a paragraph; a clause.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>How commentators each dark <i>passage</i> shun.</blockquote> <i>Young.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>9.</b></sn> <def>Reception; currency.</def> [Obs.] <i>Sir K. Digby.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>10.</b></sn> <def>A pass or en encounter; as, a <i>passage</i> at arms.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>No <i>passages</i> of love<BR> Betwixt us twain henceforward evermore.</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>11.</b></sn> <def>A movement or an evacuation of the bowels.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>12.</b></sn> <def>In parliamentary proceedings: <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> The course of a proposition (bill, resolution, etc.) through the several stages of consideration and action; as, during its <i>passage</i> through Congress the bill was amended in both Houses. <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> The advancement of a bill or other proposition from one stage to another by an affirmative vote; esp., the final affirmative action of the body upon a proposition; hence, adoption; enactment; as, the <i>passage</i> of the bill to its third reading was delayed.</def> "The <i>passage</i> of the Stamp Act." <i>D. Hosack.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The final question was then put upon its <i>passage</i>.</blockquote> <i>Cushing.</i></p>

<p><col><b>In passage</b></col>, <cd>in passing; cursorily.</cd> "These . . . have been studied but <i>in passage</i>." <i>Bacon.</i> - - <col><b>Middle passage</b></col>, <col><b>Northeast passage</b></col>, <col><b>Northwest passage</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Middle</u>, <u>Northeast</u>, etc.</cd> — <col><b>Of passage</b></col>, <cd>passing from one place, region, or climate, to another; migratory; — said especially of birds.</cd> "Birds <i>of passage</i>." <i>Longfellow.</i> — <col><b>Passage hawk</b></col>, <cd>a hawk taken on its passage or migration.</cd> — <col><b>Passage money</b></col>, <cd>money paid for conveyance of a passenger, — usually for carrying passengers by water.</cd> </p>

<p><! p. 1049 !></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Vestibule; hall; corridor. See <u>Vestibule</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Pas"sa*ger</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Passenger</u>.] <def>A passenger; a bird or boat of passage.</def> [Obs.] <i>Ld. Berners.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pas"sage*way`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A way for passage; a hall. See <u>Passage</u>, 5.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pas"sant</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [F., p. pr. of <i>passer</i>. See <u>Pass</u>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Passing from one to another; in circulation; current.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Many opinions are <i>passant</i>.</blockquote> <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Curs&?;ry, careless.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>On a <i>passant</i> rewiew of what I wrote to the bishop.</blockquote> <i>Sir P. Pett.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Surpassing; excelling.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Her.)</i> <def>Walking; — said of any animal on an escutcheon, which is represented as walking with the dexter paw raised.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>||Pas`s&eacute;"</hw>, <pos><i>masc.</i></pos> <hw>||Pas`s&eacute;"e</hw>, <pos><i>fem.</i></pos> } (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [F.] <def>Past; gone by; hence, past one's prime; worn; faded; as, a <i>pass&eacute;e</i> belle.</def> <i>Ld. Lytton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Passe"garde`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F.] <i>(Anc. Armor)</i> <def>A ridge or projecting edge on a shoulder piece to turn the blow of a lance or other weapon from the joint of the armor.</def></p>

<p><hw>Passe"ment</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F.] <def>Lace, gimp, braid etc., sewed on a garment.</def> <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><hw>Passe*men"terie</hw> (E. p&adot;s*m&ebreve;n"tr&ibreve;; F. p&auml;`s'm&auml;N`t'r&esl;"), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F.] <def>Beaded embroidery for women's dresses.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pas"sen*ger</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. & F. <i>passager</i>. See <u>Passage</u>, and cf. <u>Messenger</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A passer or passer-by; a wayfarer.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A traveler by some established conveyance, as a coach, steamboat, railroad train, etc.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Passenger falcon</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a migratory hawk.</cd> <i>Ainsworth.</i> — <col><b>Passenger pigeon</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the common wild pigeon of North America (<i>Ectopistes migratorius</i>), so called on account of its extensive migrations.</cd></p>

<p><hw>||Passe" par`tout"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., from <i>passer</i> to pass + <i>partout</i> everywhere.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>That by which one can pass anywhere; a safe-conduct.</def> [Obs.] <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A master key; a latchkey.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A light picture frame or mat of cardboard, wood, or the like, usually put between the picture and the glass, and sometimes serving for several pictures.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pass"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who passes; a passenger.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pass`er-by"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who goes by; a passer.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pas"se*res</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr. L. <i>passer</i> a sparrow.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>An order, or suborder, of birds, including more that half of all the known species. It embraces all singing birds (Oscines), together with many other small perching birds.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pas*ser"i*form</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Like or belonging to the Passeres.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pas"ser*ine</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>passerinus</i>, fr. <i>passer</i> a sparrow.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to the Passeres.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The columbine, gallinaceous, and <i>passerine</i> tribes people the fruit trees.</blockquote> <i>Sydney Smith.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pas"ser*ine</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of the Passeres.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pas`si*bil"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>passibilitas</i>: cf. F. <i>passibilit&eacute;</i>.] <def>The quality or state of being passible; aptness to feel or suffer; sensibility.</def> <i>Hakewill.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pas"si*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>passibilis</i>, fr. <i>pati</i>, to suffer: cf. F. <i>passible</i>. See <u>Passion</u>.] <def>Susceptible of feeling or suffering, or of impressions from external agents.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Apolinarius, which held even deity itself <i>passible</i>.</blockquote> <i>Hooker.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pas"si*ble*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Passibility.</def> <i>Brerewood.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Pas"si*flo"ra</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., from L. <i>passio</i> passion (fr. <i>pati</i>, <i>passus</i>, to suffer) + <i>flos</i>, <i>floris</i>, flower.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A genus of plants, including the passion flower. It is the type of the order <i>Passiflore&aelig;</i>, which includes about nineteen genera and two hundred and fifty species.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pas"sim</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> [L.] <def>Here and there; everywhere; as, this word occurs <i>passim</i> in the poem.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pass"ing</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The act of one who, or that which, passes; the act of going by or away.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Passing bell</b></col>, <cd>a tolling of a bell to announce that a soul is passing, or has passed, from its body (formerly done to invoke prayers for the dying); also, a tolling during the passing of a funeral procession to the grave, or during funeral ceremonies.</cd> <i>Sir W. Scott.</i> <i>Longfellow.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pass"ing</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Relating to the act of passing or going; going by, beyond, through, or away; departing.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Exceeding; surpassing, eminent.</def> <i>Chaucer.</i> "Her <i>passing</i> deformity." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Passing note</b></col> <i>(Mus.)</i>, <cd>a character including a passing tone.</cd> — <col><b>Passing tone</b></col> <i>(Mus.)</i>, <cd>a tone introduced between two other tones, on an unaccented portion of a measure, for the sake of smoother melody, but forming no essential part of the harmony.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pass"ing</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>Exceedingly; excessively; surpassingly; as, <i>passing</i> fair; <i>passing</i> strange.</def> "You apprehend <i>passing</i> shrewdly." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pass"ing*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>Exceedingly.</def> <i>Wyclif.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pas"sion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., fr. L. <i>passio</i>, fr. <i>pati</i>, <i>passus</i>, to suffer. See <u>Patient</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A suffering or enduring of imposed or inflicted pain; any suffering or distress (as, a cardiac <i>passion</i>); specifically, the suffering of Christ between the time of the last supper and his death, esp. in the garden upon the cross.</def> "The <i>passions</i> of this time." <i>Wyclif (Rom. viii. 18).</i></p>

<p><blockquote>To whom also he showed himself alive after his <i>passion</i>, by many infallible proofs.</blockquote> <i>Acts i. 3.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The state of being acted upon; subjection to an external agent or influence; a passive condition; — opposed to <i>action</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A body at rest affords us no idea of any active power to move, and, when set is motion, it is rather a <i>passion</i> than an action in it.</blockquote> <i>Locke.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Capacity of being affected by external agents; susceptibility of impressions from external agents.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Moldable and not moldable, scissible and not scissible, and many other <i>passions</i> of matter.</blockquote> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>The state of the mind when it is powerfully acted upon and influenced by something external to itself; the state of any particular faculty which, under such conditions, becomes extremely sensitive or uncontrollably excited; any emotion or sentiment (specifically, love or anger) in a state of abnormal or controlling activity; an extreme or inordinate desire; also, the capacity or susceptibility of being so affected; as, to be in a <i>passion</i>; the <i>passions</i> of love, hate, jealously, wrath, ambition, avarice, fear, etc.; a <i>passion</i> for war, or for drink; an orator should have <i>passion</i> as well as rhetorical skill.</def> "A <i>passion</i> fond even to idolatry." <i>Macaulay.</i> "Her <i>passion</i> is to seek roses." <i>Lady M. W. Montagu.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>We also are men of like <i>passions</i> with you.</blockquote> <i>Acts xiv. 15.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The nature of the human mind can not be sufficiently understood, without considering the affections and <i>passions</i>, or those modifications or actions of the mind consequent upon the apprehension of certain objects or events in which the mind generally conceives good or evil.</blockquote> <i>Hutcheson.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The term <i>passion</i>, and its adverb <i>passionately</i>, often express a very strong predilection for any pursuit, or object of taste — a kind of enthusiastic fondness for anything.</blockquote> <i>Cogan.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The bravery of his grief did put me<BR> Into a towering <i>passion</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The ruling <i>passion</i>, be it what it will,<BR> The ruling <i>passion</i> conquers reason still.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Who walked in every path of human life,<BR> Felt every <i>passion</i>.</blockquote> <i>Akenside.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>When statesmen are ruled by faction and interest, they can have no <i>passion</i> for the glory of their country.</blockquote> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>Disorder of the mind; madness.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>Passion week. See <i>Passion week</i>, below.</def> <i>R. of Gl.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Passion flower</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>any flower or plant of the genus <i>Passiflora</i>; — so named from a fancied resemblance of parts of the flower to the instruments of our Savior's crucifixion.</cd></p>

<p>&fist; The flowers are showy, and the fruit is sometimes highly esteemed (see <u>Granadilla</u>, and <u>Maypop</u>). The roots and leaves are generally more or less noxious, and are used in medicine. The plants are mostly tendril climbers, and are commonest in the warmer parts of America, though a few species are Asiatic or Australian.</p>

<p><col><b>Passion music</b></col> <i>(Mus.)</i>, <cd>originally, music set to the gospel narrative of the passion of our Lord; after the Reformation, a kind of oratorio, with narrative, chorals, airs, and choruses, having for its theme the passion and crucifixion of Christ.</cd> — <col><b>Passion play</b></col>, <cd>a mystery play, in which the scenes connected with the passion of our Savior are represented dramatically.</cd> — <col><b>Passion Sunday</b></col> <i>(Eccl.)</i>, <cd>the fifth Sunday in Lent, or the second before Easter.</cd> — <col><b>Passion Week</b></col>, <cd>the last week but one in Lent, or the second week preceding Easter.</cd> "The name of <i>Passion week</i> is frequently, but improperly, applied to Holy Week." <i>Shipley.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — <u>Passion</u>, <u>Feeling</u>, <u>Emotion</u>. When any <i>feeling</i> or <i>emotion</i> completely masters the mind, we call it a <i>passion</i>; as, a <i>passion</i> for music, dress, etc.; especially is anger (when thus extreme) called <i>passion</i>. The mind, in such cases, is considered as having lost its self- control, and become the passive instrument of the feeling in question.</p>

<p><hw>Pas"sion</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Passioned</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Passioning</u>.] <def>To give a passionate character to.</def> [R.] <i>Keats.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pas"sion</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To suffer pain or sorrow; to experience a passion; to be extremely agitated.</def> [Obs.] "Dumbly she <i>passions</i>, frantically she doteth." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pas"sion*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to passion or the passions; exciting, influenced by, or ministering to, the passions.</def> — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A passionary.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pas"sion*a*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>passionarius</i>: cf. F. <i>passionaire</i>.] <def>A book in which are described the sufferings of saints and martyrs.</def> <i>T. Warton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pas"sion*ate</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [LL. <i>passionatus</i>: cf. F. <i>passionn&eacute;</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Capable or susceptible of passion, or of different passions; easily moved, excited or agitated; specifically, easily moved to anger; irascible; quick-tempered; as, a <i>passionate</i> nature.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Homer's Achilles is haughty and <i>passionate</i>.</blockquote> <i>Prior.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Characterized by passion; expressing passion; ardent in feeling or desire; vehement; warm; as, a <i>passionate</i> friendship.</def> "The <i>passionate</i> Pilgrim." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Suffering; sorrowful.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pas"sion*ate</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To affect with passion; to impassion.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Great pleasure, mixed with pitiful regard,<BR> The godly kind and queen did <i>passionate</i>.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To express feelingly or sorrowfully.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pas"sion*ate*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>In a passionate manner; with strong feeling; ardently.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Sorrow expresses itself . . . loudly and <i>passionately</i>.</blockquote> <i>South.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Angrily; irascibly.</def> <i>Locke.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pas"sion*ate*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The state or quality of being passionate.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pas"sion*ist</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(R. C. Ch.)</i> <def>A member of a religious order founded in Italy in 1737, and introduced into the United States in 1852. The members of the order unite the austerities of the Trappists with the activity and zeal of the Jesuits and Lazarists. Called also <i>Barefooted Clerks of the Most Holy Cross</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pas"sion*less</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Void of passion; without anger or emotion; not easily excited; calm.</def> "Self-contained and <i>passionless</i>." <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pas"sion*tide`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Passion</i> + <i>tide</i> time.] <def>The last fortnight of Lent.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pas"sive</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>passivus</i>: cf. F. <i>passif</i>. See <u>Passion</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Not active, but acted upon; suffering or receiving impressions or influences; as, they were <i>passive</i> spectators, not actors in the scene.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>passive</i> air<BR> Upbore their nimble tread.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The mind is wholly <i>passive</i> in the reception of all its simple ideas.</blockquote> <i>Locke.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Receiving or enduring without either active sympathy or active resistance; without emotion or excitement; patient; not opposing; unresisting; as, <i>passive</i> obedience; <i>passive</i> submission.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The best virtue, <i>passive</i> fortitude.</blockquote> <i>Massinger.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Inactive; inert; not showing strong affinity; as, red phosphorus is comparatively <i>passive</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Designating certain morbid conditions, as hemorrhage or dropsy, characterized by relaxation of the vessels and tissues, with deficient vitality and lack of reaction in the affected tissues.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Passive congestion</b></col> <i>(Med.)</i>, <cd>congestion due to obstruction to the return of the blood from the affected part.</cd> — <col><b>Passive iron</b></col> <i>(Chem.)</i>, <cd>iron which has been subjected to the action of heat, of strong nitric acid, chlorine, etc. It is then not easily acted upon by acids.</cd> — <col><b>Passive movement</b></col> <i>(Med.)</i>, <cd>a movement of a part, in order to exercise it, made without the assistance of the muscles which ordinarily move the part.</cd> — <col><b>Passive obedience</b></col><cd> (as used by writers on government), obedience or submission of the subject or citizen as a duty in all cases to the existing government.</cd> — <col><b>Passive prayer</b></col>, <cd>among mystic divines, a suspension of the activity of the soul or intellectual faculties, the soul remaining quiet, and yielding only to the impulses of grace.</cd> — <col><b>Passive verb</b></col>, or <col><b>Passive voice</b></col> <i>(Gram.)</i>, <cd>a verb, or form of a verb, which expresses the effect of the action of some agent; as, in Latin, <i>doceor</i>, I am taught; in English, she <i>is loved</i>; the picture <i>is admired</i> by all; he <i>is assailed</i> by slander.</cd></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Inactive; inert; quiescent; unresisting; unopposing; suffering; enduring; submissive; patient.</p>

<p><hw>Pas"sive*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>In a passive manner; inertly; unresistingly.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>As a passive verb; in the passive voice.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pas"sive*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality or state of being passive; unresisting submission.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>To be an effect implies <i>passiveness</i>, or the being subject to the power and action of its cause.</blockquote> <i>J. Edwards.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pas*siv"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>passivit&eacute;</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Passiveness; — opposed to <i>activity</i>.</def> <i>Jer. Taylor.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Physics)</i> <def>The tendency of a body to remain in a given state, either of motion or rest, till disturbed by another body; inertia.</def> <i>Cheyne.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>The quality or condition of any substance which has no inclination to chemical activity; inactivity.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pass"-key`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A key for opening more locks than one; a master key.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pass"less</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having no pass; impassable.</def> <i>Cowley.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pass"man</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Passmen</b></plw> (&?;). <def>One who passes for a degree, without honors. See <u>Classman</u>, 2.</def> [Eng. Univ.]</p>

<p><hw>Pass"o`ver</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Pass</i> + <i>over</i>. See Pasch.] <i>(Jewish Antiq.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A feast of the Jews, instituted to commemorate the sparing of the Hebrews in Egypt, when God, smiting the firstborn of the Egyptians, <i>passed over</i> the houses of the Israelites which were marked with the blood of a lamb.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The sacrifice offered at the feast of the passover; the paschal lamb.</def> <i>Ex. xii.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pass`-pa*role"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>passe- parole</i>.] <i>(Mil.)</i> <def>An order passed from front to rear by word of mouth.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pass"port</hw> (&?;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>passeport</i>, orig., a permission to leave a port or to sail into it; <i>passer</i> to pass + <i>port</i> a port, harbor. See <u>Pass</u>, and <u>Port</u> a harbor.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Permission to pass; a document given by the competent officer of a state, permitting the person therein named to pass or travel from place to place, without molestation, by land or by water.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Caution in granting <i>passports</i> to Ireland.</blockquote> <i>Clarendon.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A document carried by neutral merchant vessels in time of war, to certify their nationality and protect them from belligerents; a sea letter.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A license granted in time of war for the removal of persons and effects from a hostile country; a safe- conduct.</def> <i>Burrill.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Figuratively: Anything which secures advancement and general acceptance.</def> <i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>His <i>passport</i> is his innocence and grace.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Pas"sus</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> L. <plw><b>Passus</b></plw>, E. <plw><b>Passuses</b></plw> (&?;). [L., a step, a pace. See <u>Pace</u>.] <def>A division or part; a canto; as, the <i>passus</i> of Piers Plowman. See 2d <u>Fit</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pass"word`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A word to be given before a person is allowed to pass; a watchword; a countersign.</def> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pas"sy*meas`ure</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Corrupted fr. It. <i>passamezzo</i>.] [Obs.] <def>See <u>Paspy</u>.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Past</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [From <u>Pass</u>, <pos><i>v.</i></pos>] <def>Of or pertaining to a former time or state; neither present nor future; gone by; elapsed; ended; spent; as, <i>past</i> troubles; <i>past</i> offences.</def> "<i>Past</i> ages." <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Past master</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Master</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Past</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A former time or state; a state of things gone by.</def> "The <i>past</i>, at least, is secure." <i>D. Webster.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The present is only intelligible in the light of the <i>past</i>, often a very remote <i>past</i> indeed.</blockquote> <i>Trench.</i></p>

<p><hw>Past</hw>, <pos><i>prep.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Beyond, in position, or degree; further than; beyond the reach or influence of.</def> "Who being <i>past</i> feeling." <i>Eph. iv. 19.</i> "Galled <i>past</i> endurance." <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Until we be <i>past</i> thy borders.</blockquote> <i>Num. xxi. 22.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Love, when once <i>past</i> government, is consequently <i>past shame</i>.</blockquote> <i>L'Estrange.</i></p>

<p><! p. 1050 !></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Beyond, in time; after; as, <i>past</i> the hour.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Is it not <i>past</i> two o'clock?</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Above; exceeding; more than.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Not <i>past</i> three quarters of a mile.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Bows not <i>past</i> three quarters of a yard long.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Past</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>By; beyond; as, he ran <i>past</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The alarum of drums swept <i>past</i>.</blockquote> <i>Longfellow.</i></p>

<p><hw>Paste</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>paste</i>, F. <i>p&acirc;te</i>, L. <i>pasta</i>, fr. Gr. &?; barley broth; cf. &?; barley porridge, &?; sprinkled with salt, &?; to sprinkle. Cf. <u>Pasty</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, <u>Patty</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A soft composition, as of flour moistened with water or milk, or of earth moistened to the consistence of dough, as in making potter's ware.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Specifically, in cookery, a dough prepared for the crust of pies and the like; pastry dough.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A kind of cement made of flour and water, starch and water, or the like, — used for uniting paper or other substances, as in bookbinding, etc., — also used in calico printing as a vehicle for mordant or color.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>A highly refractive vitreous composition, variously colored, used in making imitations of precious stones or gems. See <u>Strass</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>A soft confection made of the inspissated juice of fruit, licorice, or the like, with sugar, etc.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <i>(Min.)</i> <def>The mineral substance in which other minerals are imbedded.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Paste eel</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the vinegar eel. See under <u>Vinegar</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Paste</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Pasted</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Pasting</u>.] <def>To unite with paste; to fasten or join by means of paste.</def></p>

<p><hw>Paste"board`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A stiff thick kind of paper board, formed of several single sheets pasted one upon another, or of paper macerated and pressed into molds, etc.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Cookery)</i> <def>A board on which pastry dough is rolled; a molding board.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pas"tel</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F.; cf. It. <i>pastello</i>. Cf. <u>Pastil</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A crayon made of a paste composed of a color ground with gum water.</def> [Sometimes incorrectly written <i>pastil</i>.] "Charming heads in <i>pastel</i>." <i>W. Black.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A plant affording a blue dye; the woad (<i>Isatis tinctoria</i>); also, the dye itself.</def></p>

<p><hw>Past"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who pastes; as, a <i>paster</i> in a government department.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A slip of paper, usually bearing a name, intended to be pasted by the voter, as a substitute, over another name on a printed ballot.</def> [Cant, U.S.]</p>

<p><hw>Pas"tern</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Of. <i>pasturon</i>, F. <i>p&acirc;turon</i>, fr. OF. <i>pasture</i> a tether, for beasts while pasturing; prop., a pasturing. See <u>Pasture</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The part of the foot of the horse, and allied animals, between the fetlock and the coffin joint. See <i>Illust.</i> of <u>Horse</u>.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The upper bone, or phalanx, of the foot is called the <i>great pastern bone</i>; the second, the <i>small pastern bone</i>; and the third, in the hoof, the <i>coffin bone</i>.</p>

<p><col><b>Pastern joint</b></col>, <cd>the joint in the hoof of the horse, and allied animals, between the great and small pastern bones.</cd></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A shackle for horses while pasturing.</def> <i>Knight.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A patten.</def> [Obs.] <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pas*teur"ism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Fr. <i>Pasteur</i>, a French scientist.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A method of treatment, devised by Pasteur, for preventing certain diseases, as hydrophobia, by successive inoculations with an attenuated virus of gradually increasing strength.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Pasteurization.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pas*teur`i*za"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A process devised by Pasteur for preventing or checking fermentation in fluids, such as wines, milk, etc., by exposure to a temperature of 140&deg; F., thus destroying the vitality of the contained germs or ferments.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pas*teur"ize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To subject to pasteurization.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To treat by pasteurism.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pas*tic"ci*o</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [It., fr. <i>pasta</i>. See <u>Paste</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A medley; an olio.</def> [R.] <i>H. Swinburne.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Fine Arts)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A work of art imitating directly the work of another artist, or of more artists than one.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A falsified work of art, as a vase or statue made up of parts of original works, with missing parts supplied.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pas"til</hw> (?), <hw>Pas*tille"</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>pastille</i>, L. <i>pastillus</i>a pastus food. See <u>Pasture</u>, and cf. <u>Pastel</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Pharmacy)</i> <def>A small cone or mass made of paste of gum, benzoin, cinnamon, and other aromatics, — used for fumigating or scenting the air of a room.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>An aromatic or medicated lozenge; a troche.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>See <u>Pastel</u>, a crayon.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pas"time`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Pass</i> + <i>time</i>: cf. F. <i>passetemps</i>.] <def>That which amuses, and serves to make time pass agreeably; sport; amusement; diversion.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pas"time`</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To sport; to amuse one's self.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Pas"tor</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., fr. <i>pascere</i>, <i>pastum</i>, to pasture, to feed. Cf. <u>Pabulum</u>, <u>Pasture</u>, <u>Food</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A shepherd; one who has the care of flocks and herds.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A guardian; a keeper; specifically <i>(Eccl.)</i>, a minister having the charge of a church and parish.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A species of starling (<i>Pastor roseus</i>), native of the plains of Western Asia and Eastern Europe. Its head is crested and glossy greenish black, and its back is rosy. It feeds largely upon locusts.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pas"tor*age</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The office, jurisdiction, or duty, of a pastor; pastorate.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pas"tor*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>pastoralis</i>: cf. F. <i>pastoral</i>. See <u>Pastor</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Of or pertaining to shepherds; hence, relating to rural life and scenes; as, a <i>pastoral</i> life.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Relating to the care of souls, or to the pastor of a church; as, <i>pastoral</i> duties; a <i>pastoral</i> letter.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Pastoral staff</b></col> <i>(Eccl.)</i>, <cd>a staff, usually of the form of a shepherd's crook, borne as an official emblem by a bishop, abbot, abbess, or other prelate privileged to carry it. See <u>Crook</u>, and <u>Crosier</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Pastoral Theology</b></col>, <cd>that part of theology which treats of the duties of pastors.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pas"tor*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A poem describing the life and manners of shepherds; a poem in which the speakers assume the character of shepherds; an idyl; a bucolic.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A <i>pastoral</i> is a poem in which any action or passion is represented by its effects on a country life.</blockquote> <i>Rambler.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Mus.)</i> <def>A cantata relating to rural life; a composition for instruments characterized by simplicity and sweetness; a lyrical composition the subject of which is taken from rural life.</def> <i>Moore (Encyc. of Music).</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Eccl.)</i> <def>A letter of a pastor to his charge; specifically, a letter addressed by a bishop to his diocese; also <i>(Prot. Epis. Ch.)</i>, a letter of the House of Bishops, to be read in each parish.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pas`to*ra"le</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [It.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Mus.)</i> <def>A composition in a soft, rural style, generally in 6-8 or 12-8 time.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A kind of dance; a kind of figure used in a dance.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pas"tor*al*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>In a pastoral or rural manner.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>In the manner of a pastor.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pas"tor*ate</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>pastorat</i>. See <u>Pastor</u>.] <def>The office, state, or jurisdiction of a pastor.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pas"tor*less</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having no pastor.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pas"tor*ling</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>An insignificant pastor.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Pas"tor*ly</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Appropriate to a pastor.</def> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pas"tor*ship</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Pastorate.</def> <i>Bp. Bull.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pas"try</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Pastries</b></plw> (&?;). <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The place where pastry is made.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Articles of food made of paste, or having a crust made of paste, as pies, tarts, etc.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Pastry cook</b></col>, <cd>one whose occupation is to make pastry; as, the <i>pastry cook</i> of a hotel.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pas"tur*a*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Fit for pasture.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pas"tur*age</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>pasturage</i>, F. <i>p&acirc;turage</i>. See <u>Pasture</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Grazing ground; grass land used for pasturing; pasture.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Grass growing for feed; grazing.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>The business of feeding or grazing cattle.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pas"ture</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>pasture</i>, F. <i>p&acirc;ture</i>, L. <i>pastura</i>, fr. <i>pascere</i>, <i>pastum</i>, to pasture, to feed. See <u>Pastor</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Food; nourishment.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Toads and frogs his <i>pasture</i> poisonous.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Specifically: Grass growing for the food of cattle; the food of cattle taken by grazing.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Grass land for cattle, horses, etc.; pasturage.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He maketh me to lie down in green <i>pastures</i>.</blockquote> <i>Ps. xxiii. 2.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>So graze as you find <i>pasture</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pas"ture</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Pastured</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Pasturing</u>.] <def>To feed, esp. to feed on growing grass; to supply grass as food for; as, the farmer <i>pastures</i> fifty oxen; the land will <i>pasture</i> forty cows.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pas"ture</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To feed on growing grass; to graze.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pas"ture*less</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Destitute of pasture.</def> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pas"tur*er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who pastures; one who takes cattle to graze. See <u>Agister</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pas"ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Like paste, as in color, softness, stickness.</def> "A <i>pasty</i> complexion." <i>G. Eliot.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pas"ty</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Pasties</b></plw> (#). [OF. <i>past&eacute;</i>, F. <i>p&acirc;t&eacute;</i>. See <u>Paste</u>, and cf. <u>Patty</u>.] <def>A pie consisting usually of meat wholly surrounded with a crust made of a sheet of paste, and often baked without a dish; a meat pie.</def> "If ye pinch me like a <i>pasty</i>." <i>Shak.</i> "Apple <i>pasties</i>." <i>Dickens.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>A large <i>pasty</i> baked in a pewter platter.</blockquote> <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pat</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Patted</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Patting</u>.] [Cf. G. <i>patschen</i>, Prov. G. <i>patzen</i>, to strike, tap.] <def>To strike gently with the fingers or hand; to stroke lightly; to tap; as, to <i>pat</i> a dog.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Gay <i>pats</i> my shoulder, and you vanish quite.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pat</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A light, quik blow or stroke with the fingers or hand; a tap.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A small mass, as of butter, shaped by pats.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>It looked like a tessellated work of <i>pats</i> of butter.</blockquote> <i>Dickens.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pat</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. <i>pat</i> a light blow, D. <i>te pas</i> convenient, pat, where <i>pas</i> is fr. F. <i>passer</i> to pass.] <def>Exactly suitable; fit; convenient; timely.</def> "<i>Pat</i> allusion." <i>Barrow.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pat</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a pat manner.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I foresaw then 't would come in <i>pat</i> hereafter.</blockquote> <i>Sterne.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Pa*ta"ca</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Sp.] <def>The Spanish dollar; — called also <i>patacoon</i>.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>||Pa`tache"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. & Sp. <i>patache</i>, P. <i>patacho</i>.] <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>A tender to a fleet, formerly used for conveying men, orders, or treasure.</def> [Spain & Portugal]</p>

<p><hw>Pa`ta*coon"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Sp.] <def>See <u>Pataca</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pa*ta"gi*um</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Patagia</b></plw> (#). [L., an edge or border.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>In bats, an expansion of the integument uniting the fore limb with the body and extending between the elongated fingers to form the wing; in birds, the similar fold of integument uniting the fore limb with the body.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of a pair of small vesicular organs situated at the bases of the anterior wings of lepidopterous insects. See <i>Illust.</i> of <u>Butterfly</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pat`a*go"ni*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to Patagonia.</def> — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A native of Patagonia.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pat"a*mar</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From the native name.] <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>A vessel resembling a grab, used in the coasting trade of Bombay and Ceylon.</def> [Written also <i>pattemar</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Pa*tas"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A West African long-tailed monkey (<i>Cercopithecus ruber</i>); the red monkey.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pat`a*vin"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>patavinitas</i>, fr. <i>Patavium</i>: cf. F. <i>patavinit&eacute;</i>] <def>The use of local or provincial words, as in the peculiar style or diction of Livy, the Roman historian; — so called from Patavium, now Padua, the place of Livy's nativity.</def></p>

<p><hw>Patch</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>pacche</i>; of uncertain origin, perh. for <i>placche</i>; cf. Prov. E. <i>platch</i> patch, LG. <i>plakk</i>, <i>plakke</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A piece of cloth, or other suitable material, sewed or otherwise fixed upon a garment to repair or strengthen it, esp. upon an old garment to cover a hole.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Patches</i> set upon a little breach.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> Hence: <def>A small piece of anything used to repair a breach; as, a <i>patch</i> on a kettle, a roof, etc.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A small piece of black silk stuck on the face, or neck, to hide a defect, or to heighten beauty.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Your black <i>patches</i> you wear variously.</blockquote> <i>Beau. & Fl.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Gun.)</i> <def>A piece of greased cloth or leather used as wrapping for a rifle ball, to make it fit the bore.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>Fig.: Anything regarded as a patch; a small piece of ground; a tract; a plot; as, scattered <i>patches</i> of trees or growing corn.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Employed about this <i>patch</i> of ground.</blockquote> <i>Bunyan.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <i>(Mil.)</i> <def>A block on the muzzle of a gun, to do away with the effect of dispart, in sighting.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <def>A paltry fellow; a rogue; a ninny; a fool.</def> [Obs. or Colloq.] "Thou scurvy <i>patch</i>." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Patch ice</b></col>, <cd>ice in overlapping pieces in the sea.</cd> — <col><b>Soft patch</b></col>, <cd>a patch for covering a crack in a metallic vessel, as a steam boiler, consisting of soft material, as putty, covered and held in place by a plate bolted or riveted fast.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Patch</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Patched</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Patching</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To mend by sewing on a piece or pieces of cloth, leather, or the like; as, to <i>patch</i> a coat.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To mend with pieces; to repair with pieces festened on; to repair clumsily; as, to <i>patch</i> the roof of a house.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To adorn, as the face, with a patch or patches.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Ladies who <i>patched</i> both sides of their faces.</blockquote> <i>Spectator.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To make of pieces or patches; to repair as with patches; to arrange in a hasty or clumsy manner; — generally with <i>up</i>; as, to <i>patch</i> up a truce.</def> "If you'll <i>patch</i> a quarrel." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Patch"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who patches or botches.</def> <i>Foxe.</i></p>

<p><hw>Patch"er*y</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Botchery; covering of defects; bungling; hypocrisy.</def> [R.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Patch"ing*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>Knavishy; deceitfully.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p>{ <hw>Pa*tchou"li</hw>, <hw>Pa*tchou"ly</hw> } (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [CF. F. <i>patchouli</i>; prob. of East Indian origin.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A mintlike plant (<i>Pogostemon Patchouli</i>) of the East Indies, yielding an essential oil from which a highly valued perfume is made.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The perfume made from this plant.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Patchouly camphor</b></col> <i>(Chem.)</i>, <cd>a substance homologous with and resembling borneol, found in patchouly oil.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Patch"work`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Work composed of pieces sewed together, esp. pieces of various colors and figures; hence, anything put together of incongruous or ill-adapted parts; something irregularly clumsily composed; a thing putched up.</def> <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><hw>Patch"y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Full of, or covered with, patches; abounding in patches.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pa`t&eacute;"</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Her.)</i> <def>See <u>Patt&eacute;</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pa`t&eacute;"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>p&acirc;t&eacute;</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A pie. See <u>Patty</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Fort.)</i> <def>A kind of platform with a parapet, usually of an oval form, and generally erected in marshy grounds to cover a gate of a fortified place.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Pate</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. LG. & Prov. G. <i>pattkopf</i>, <i>patzkopf</i>, scabby head; <i>patt</i>, <i>patz</i>, scab + <i>kopf</i> head.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The head of a person; the top, or crown, of the head.</def> [Now generally used in contempt or ridicule.]</p>

<p><blockquote>His mischief shall return upon his own head, and his violent dealing shall come down upon his own <i>pate</i>.</blockquote> <i>Ps. vii. 16.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Fat paunches have lean <i>pate</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The skin of a calf's head.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pat"ed</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having a pate; — used only in composition; as, long-<i>pated</i>; shallow- <i>pated</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa*tee"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Pattee</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pat`e*fac"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>patefactio</i>, fr. <i>patefacere</i> to open; <i>patere</i> to lie open + <i>facere</i> to make.] <def>The act of opening, disclosing, or manifesting; open declaration.</def> <i>Jer. Taylor.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Pat"e*la</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Hind. <i>patel&amacr;</i>.] <def>A large flat-bottomed trading boat peculiar to the river Ganges; — called also <i>puteli</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pa*tel"la</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Patell&aelig;</b></plw> (#). [L., a small pan, the kneepan, dim. of <i>patina</i>, <i>patena</i>, a pan, dish.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A small dish, pan, or vase.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>The kneepan; the cap of the knee.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A genus of marine gastropods, including many species of limpets. The shell has the form of a flattened cone. The common European limpet (<i>Patella vulgata</i>) is largely used for food.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A kind of apothecium in lichens, which is orbicular, flat, and sessile, and has a special rim not a part of the thallus.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa*tel"lar</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to the patella, or kneepan.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa*tel"li*form</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Patella</i> + <i>form</i>: cf. F. <i>pattelliforme</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Having the form of a patella.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Resembling a limpet of the genus Patella.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pa*tel"lu*la</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Patellul&aelig;</b></plw> (#). [NL., dim. of L. <i>patella</i>. See <u>Patella</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A cuplike sucker on the feet of certain insects.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pat"en</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [LL. <i>patina</i>, <i>patena</i>, fr. L. <i>patina</i>, <i>patena</i>, a pan; cf. L. <i>patere</i> to be open, E. <i>patent</i>, and Gr. &?; a kind of flat dish: cf. F. <i>pat&egrave;ne</i>. Cf. <u>Patina</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A plate.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Eccl.)</i> <def>The place on which the consecrated bread is placed in the Eucharist, or on which the host is placed during the Mass. It is usually small, and formed as to fit the chalice, or cup, as a cover.</def></p>

<p>[Written also <i>patin</i>, <i>patine</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>||Pat"e*na</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [LL.] <i>(Eccl.)</i> <def>A paten.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pa*te"na</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. Pg. <i>patena</i> a paten.] <def>A grassy expanse in the hill region of Ceylon.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa"ten*cy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Patent</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The condition of being open, enlarged, or spread.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The state of being patent or evident.</def></p>

<p><! p. 1051 !></p>

<p><hw>Pat"ent</hw> (p&abreve;t"<i>e</i>nt or p&amacr;t"<i>e</i>nt), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>patens</i>, <i>-entis</i>, p. pr. of <i>patere</i> to be open: cf. F. <i>patent</i>. Cf. <u>Fathom</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> (<i>Oftener pronounced</i> p&amacr;t"<i>e</i>nt <i>in this sense</i>) <def>Open; expanded; evident; apparent; unconcealed; manifest; public; conspicuous.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He had received instructions, both <i>patent</i> and secret.</blockquote> <i>Motley.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Open to public perusal; — said of a document conferring some right or privilege; as, letters <i>patent</i>. See <i>Letters patent</i>, under 3d <u>Letter</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Appropriated or protected by letters patent; secured by official authority to the exclusive possession, control, and disposal of some person or party; patented; as, a <i>patent</i> right; <i>patent</i> medicines.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Madder . . . in King Charles the First's time, was made a <i>patent</i> commodity.</blockquote> <i>Mortimer.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Spreading; forming a nearly right angle with the steam or branch; as, a <i>patent</i> leaf.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Patent leather</b></col>, <cd>a varnished or lacquered leather, used for boots and shoes, and in carriage and harness work.</cd> — <col><b>Patent office</b></col>, <cd>a government bureau for the examination of inventions and the granting of patents.</cd> — <col><b>Patent right</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>The exclusive right to an invention, and the control of its manufacture</cd>. <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <i>(Law)</i> <cd>The right, granted by the sovereign, of exclusive control of some business of manufacture, or of the sale of certain articles, or of certain offices or prerogatives.</cd> — <col><b>Patent rolls</b></col>, <cd>the registers, or records, of patents.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pat"ent</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>patente</i>. See <u>Patent</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A letter patent, or letters patent; an official document, issued by a sovereign power, conferring a right or privilege on some person or party.</def> Specifically: <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A writing securing to an invention.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A document making a grant and conveyance of public lands.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Four other gentlemen of quality remained mentioned in that <i>patent</i>.</blockquote> <i>Fuller.</i></p>

<p>&fist; In the United States, by the act of 1870, patents for inventions are issued for seventeen years, without the privilege of renewal except by act of Congress.</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The right or privilege conferred by such a document; hence, figuratively, a right, privilege, or license of the nature of a patent.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>If you are so fond over her iniquity, give her <i>patent</i> to offend.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pat"ent</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Patented</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Patenting</u>.] <def>To grant by patent; to make the subject of a patent; to secure or protect by patent; as, to <i>patent</i> an invention; to <i>patent</i> public lands.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pat"ent*a*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Suitable to be patented; capable of being patented.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pat`ent*ee"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One to whom a grant is made, or a privilege secured, by patent.</def> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pat"ent-ham"mered</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Stone Cutting)</i> <def>Having a surface dressed by cutting with a hammer the head of which consists of broad thin chisels clamped together.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pat"ent*ly</hw> (?; see <u>Patent</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>Openly; evidently.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pat"e*ra</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Pater&aelig;</b></plw>(&?;). [ L., fr. <i>patere</i> to lie open.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A saucerlike vessel of earthenware or metal, used by the Greeks and Romans in libations and sacrificies.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>A circular ornament, resembling a dish, often worked in relief on friezes, and the like.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pat`e*re"ro</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Pederero</u>.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>||Pa`ter*fa*mil`i*as</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Pateresfamilias</b></plw> (#). [L., fr. <i>pater</i> father + <i>familias</i>, gen. of <i>familia</i> family.] <i>(Rom. Law)</i> <def>The head of a family; in a large sense, the proprietor of an estate; one who is his own master.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa*ter"nal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>paternus</i>, fr. <i>pater</i> a father: cf. F. <i>paternel</i>. See <u>Father</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Of or pertaining to a father; fatherly; showing the disposition of a father; guiding or instructing as a father; as, <i>paternal</i> care.</def> "Under <i>paternal</i> rule." <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Received or derived from a father; hereditary; as, a <i>paternal</i> estate.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Their small <i>paternal</i> field of corn.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Paternal government</b></col> <i>(Polit. Science)</i>, <cd>the assumption by the governing power of a quasi-fatherly relation to the people, involving strict and intimate supervision of their business and social concerns, upon the theory that they are incapable of managing their own afffairs.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pa*ter"nal*ism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Polit. Science)</i> <def>The theory or practice of paternal government. See <i>Paternal government</i>, under <u>Paternal</u>.</def> <i>London Times.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pa*ter"nal*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a paternal manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa*ter"ni*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>paternitas</i>: cf. F. <i>paternit&eacute;</i>. See <u>Paternal</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The relation of a father to his child; fathership; fatherhood; family headship; as, the divine <i>paternity</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The world, while it had scarcity of people, underwent no other dominion than <i>paternity</i> and eldership.</blockquote> <i>Sir W. Raleigh.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Derivation or descent from a father; male parentage; as, the <i>paternity</i> of a child.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Origin; authorship.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>paternity</i> of these novels was . . . disputed.</blockquote> <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pa"ter*nos`ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., Our Father.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The Lord's prayer, so called from the first two words of the Latin version.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>A beadlike ornament in moldings.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Angling)</i> <def>A line with a row of hooks and bead&?;shaped sinkers.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Paternoster pump</b></col>, <col><b>Paternoster wheel</b></col>, <cd>a chain pump; a noria.</cd> — <col><b>Paternoster while</b></col>, <cd>the space of time required for repeating a paternoster.</cd> <i>Udall.</i></p>

<p><hw>Path</hw> (p&adot;th), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Paths</b></plw> (p&adot;&thlig;z). [As. <i>p&aelig;&eth;</i>, <i>pa&eth;</i>; akin to D. <i>pad</i>, G. <i>pfad</i>, of uncertain origin; cf. Gr. <grk>pa`tos</grk>, Skr. <i>patha</i>, <i>path</i>. &radic;21.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A trodden way; a footway.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The dewy <i>paths</i> of meadows we will tread.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A way, course, or track, in which anything moves or has moved; route; passage; an established way; as, the <i>path</i> of a meteor, of a caravan, of a storm, of a pestilence. Also used figuratively, of a course of life or action.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>All the <i>paths</i> of the Lord are mercy and truth.</blockquote> <i>Ps. xxv. 10.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>paths</i> of glory lead but to the grave.</blockquote> <i>Gray.</i></p>

<p><hw>Path</hw> (p&adot;&thlig;), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Pathed</u> (p&adot;&thlig;d); <pos><i>pr.p. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Pathing</u>.] <def>To make a path in, or on (something), or for (some one).</def> [R.] "<i>Pathing</i> young Henry's unadvised ways." <i>Drayton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Path</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To walk or go.</def> [R.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Path`e*mat"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; a suffering, &?;, to suffer.] <def>Of, pertaining to, or designating, emotion or suffering.</def> [R.] <i>Chalmers.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pa*thet"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>patheticus</i>, Gr. &?;, fr. &?;, &?;, to suffer: cf. F. <i>path&eacute;tique</i>. See <u>Pathos</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Expressing or showing anger; passionate.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Affecting or moving the tender emotions, esp. pity or grief; full of pathos; as, a <i>pathetic</i> song or story.</def> "<i>Pathetic</i> action." <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>No theory of the passions can teach a man to be <i>pathetic</i>.</blockquote> <i>E. Porter.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Pathetic muscle</b></col> <i>(Anat.)</i>, <cd>the superior oblique muscle of the eye.</cd> — <col><b>Pathetic nerve</b></col> <i>(Anat.)</i>, <cd>the fourth cranial, or trochlear, nerve, which supplies the superior oblique, or pathetic, muscle of the eye.</cd> — <col><b>The pathetic</b></col>, <cd>a style or manner adapted to arouse the tender emotions.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pa*thet"ic*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pathetic.</def> [R.] — <wf>Pa*thet"ic*al*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Pa*thet"ic*al*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Path"e*tism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>path&eacute;tisme</i>.] <def>See <u>Mesmerism</u>.</def> <i>L. Sunderland.</i></p>

<p><hw>Path"find`er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who discovers a way or path; one who explores untraversed regions.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The cow is the true <i>pathfinder</i> and pathmaker.</blockquote> <i>J. Burroughs.</i></p>

<p><hw>Path"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>pathicus</i>, Gr. &?;, passive, fr. &?;, &?;, to suffer] <def>A male who submits to the crime against nature; a catamite.</def> [R.] <i>B. Jonson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Path"ic</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;.] <def>Passive; suffering.</def></p>

<p><hw>Path"less</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having no beaten path or way; untrodden; impenetrable; as, <i>pathless</i> woods.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Trough the heavens' wide, <i>pathless</i> way.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Path"mak`er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who, or that which, makes a way or path.</def></p>

<p><hw>Path"o*gene</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Pathogenic</u>.] <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>One of a class of virulent micro&ouml;rganisms or bacteria found in the tissues and fluids in infectious diseases, and supposed to be the cause of the disease; a pathogenic organism; a pathogenic bacterium; — opposed to <i>zymogene</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Path`o*gen"e*sis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Pathogeny.</def></p>

<p><hw>Path`o*ge*net"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Pathogenic.</def></p>

<p><hw>Path`o*gen"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; disease + the root of &?; birth.] <i>(Med. & Biol.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to pathogeny; producting disease; as, a <i>pathogenic</i> organism; a <i>pathogenic</i> bacterium.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa*thog"e*ny</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Med.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The generation, and method of development, of disease; as, the <i>pathogeny</i> of yellow fever is unsettled.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>That branch of pathology which treats of the generation and development of disease.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa*thog`no*mon"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; skilled in judging of diseases; &?; a disease + &?; skilled: cf. F. <i>pathognomonique</i>. See <u>Gnomic</u>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Specially or decisively characteristic of a disease; indicating with certainty a disease; as, a <i>pathognomonic</i> symptom.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The true <i>pathognomonic</i> sign of love jealousy.</blockquote> <i>Arbuthnot.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pa*thog"no*my</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; passion + &?; a judgment, fr. &?;, &?;, to know.] <def>Expression of the passions; the science of the signs by which human passions are indicated.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Path`o*log"ic</hw> (?), <hw>Path`o*log"ic*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;: cf. F. <i>pathologique</i>.] <def>Of or pertaining to pathology.</def> — <wf>Path`o*log"ic*al*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> </p>

<p><hw>Pa*thol"o*gist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>pathologiste</i>.] <def>One skilled in pathology; an investigator in pathology; as, the <i>pathologist</i> of a hospital, whose duty it is to determine the causes of the diseases.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa*thol"o*gy</hw> (-j&ybreve;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Pathologies</b></plw> (-j&ibreve;z). [Gr. <grk>pa`qos</grk> a suffering, disease + <i>-logy</i>: cf. F. <i>pathologie</i>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>The science which treats of diseases, their nature, causes, progress, symptoms, etc.</def></p>

<p>&fist; <i>Pathology</i> is <i>general</i> or <i>special</i>, according as it treats of disease or morbid processes in general, or of particular diseases; it is also subdivided into <i>internal</i> and <i>external</i>, or <i>medical</i> and <i>surgical</i> pathology. Its departments are <i>nosology</i>, <i>&aelig;tiology</i>, <i>morbid anatomy</i>, <i>symptomatology</i>, and <i>therapeutics</i>, which treat respectively of the classification, causation, organic changes, symptoms, and cure of diseases.</p>

<p><col><b>Celluar pathology</b></col>, <cd>a theory that gives prominence to the vital action of cells in the healthy and diseased function of the body.</cd> <i>Virchow.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Path`o*p&oelig;"la</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>-ias</b></plw> (#). [NL., from Gr. &?;; &?; passion + &?; to make.] <i>(Rhet.)</i> <def>A speech, or figure of speech, designed to move the passion.</def> <i>Smart.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pa"thos</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., from Gr. <grk>pa`qos</grk> a suffering, passion, fr. &?;, &?;, to suffer; cf. &?; toil, L. <i>pati</i> to suffer, E. <i>patient</i>.] <def>That quality or property of anything which touches the feelings or excites emotions and passions, esp., that which awakens tender emotions, such as pity, sorrow, and the like; contagious warmth of feeling, action, or expression; pathetic quality; as, the <i>pathos</i> of a picture, of a poem, or of a cry.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The combination of incident, and the <i>pathos</i> of catastrophe.</blockquote> <i>T. Warton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Path"way</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A footpath; a beaten track; any path or course. Also used figuratively.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>In the way of righteousness is life; and in the <i>pathway</i> thereof is no death.</blockquote> <i>Prov. xii. 28.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>We tread the <i>pathway</i> arm in arm.</blockquote> <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pat"i*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>patibilis</i>, fr. <i>pati</i> to suffer.] <def>Sufferable; tolerable; endurable.</def> [Obs.] <i>Bailey.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pa*tib"u*la*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>patibulum</i> a gallows: cf. F. <i>patibulaire</i>.] <def>Of or pertaining to the gallows, or to execution.</def> [R.] <i>Carlyle.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pa*tib"u*la`ted</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Hanged on a gallows.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Pa"tience</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>patience</i>, fr. L. <i>patientia</i>. See <u>Patient</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The state or quality of being patient; the power of suffering with fortitude; uncomplaining endurance of evils or wrongs, as toil, pain, poverty, insult, oppression, calamity, etc.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Strenthened with all might, . . . unto all <i>patience</i> and long-suffering.</blockquote> <i>Col. i. 11.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>I must have <i>patience</i> to endure the load.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Who hath learned lowliness<BR> From his Lord's cradle, <i>patience</i> from his cross.</blockquote> <i>Keble.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The act or power of calmly or contentedly waiting for something due or hoped for; forbearance.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Have <i>patience</i> with me, and I will pay thee all.</blockquote> <i>Matt. xviii. 29.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Constancy in labor or application; perseverance.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He learned with <i>patience</i>, and with meekness taught.</blockquote> <i>Harte.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Sufferance; permission.</def> [Obs.] <i>Hooker.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>They stay upon your <i>patience</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A kind of dock (<i>Rumex Patientia</i>), less common in America than in Europe; monk's rhubarb.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <i>(Card Playing)</i> <def>Solitaire.</def></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — <u>Patience</u>, <u>Resignation</u>. <i>Patience</i> implies the quietness or self-possession of one's own spirit under sufferings, provocations, etc.; <i>resignation</i> implies submission to the will of another. The Stoic may have <i>patience</i>; the Christian should have both <i>patience</i> and <i>resignation</i>.</p>

<p><hw>Pa"tient</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [F., fr. L. <i>patiens</i>, <i>-entis</i>, p. pr. of <i>pati</i> to suffer. Cf. <u>Pathos</u>, <u>Passion</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Having the quality of enduring; physically able to suffer or bear.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Patient</i> of severest toil and hardship.</blockquote> <i>Bp. Fell.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Undergoing pains, trails, or the like, without murmuring or fretfulness; bearing up with equanimity against trouble; long-suffering.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Constant in pursuit or exertion; persevering; calmly diligent; as, <i>patient</i> endeavor.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Whatever I have done is due to <i>patient</i> thought.</blockquote> <i>Sir I. Newton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Expectant with calmness, or without discontent; not hasty; not overeager; composed.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Not <i>patient</i> to expect the turns of fate.</blockquote> <i>Prior.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>Forbearing; long-suffering.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Be <i>patient</i> toward all men.</blockquote> <i>1 Thess. v. 14.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pa"tient</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>ONe who, or that which, is passively affected; a passive recipient.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Malice is a passion so impetuous and precipitate that often involves the agent and the <i>patient</i>.</blockquote> <i>Gov. of Tongue.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A person under medical or surgical treatment; — correlative to <i>physician</i> or <i>nurse</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Like a physician, . . . seeing his <i>patient</i> in a pestilent fever.</blockquote> <i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></p>

<p><col><b>In patient</b></col>, <cd>a patient who receives lodging and food, as treatment, in a hospital or an infirmary.</cd> — <col><b>Out patient</b></col>, <cd>one who receives advice and medicine, or treatment, from an infirmary.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pa"tient</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To compose, to calm.</def> [Obs.] "<i>Patient</i> yourself, madam." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pa"tient*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a patient manner.</def> <i>Cowper.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pat"in</hw> (?), <hw>Pat"ine</hw> }, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A plate. See <u>Paten</u>.</def> "Inlaid with <i>patines</i> of bright gold." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pat"ina</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [It., fr. L. <i>patina</i> a dish, a pan, a kind of cake. Cf. <u>Paten</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A dish or plate of metal or earthenware; a patella.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Fine Arts)</i> <def>The color or incrustation which age gives to works of art; especially, the green rust which covers ancient bronzes, coins, and medals.</def> <i>Fairholt.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Pa"ti*o</hw> (p&auml;"t&esl;*&osl;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Sp., a court] <i>(Metal)</i> <def>A paved yard or floor where ores are cleaned and sorted, or where ore, salt, mercury, etc., are trampled by horses, to effect intermixture and amalgamation.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The <i>patio process</i> is used to reduce silver ores by amalgamation.</p>

<p><hw>Pat"ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>Fitly; seasonably.</def> <i>Barrow.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pat"ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Fitness or appropriateness; striking suitableness; convenience.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The description with equal <i>patness</i> may suit both.</blockquote> <i>Barrow.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pa`tois"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F.] <def>A dialect peculiar to the illiterate classes; a provincial form of speech.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The jargon and <i>patois</i> of several provinces.</blockquote> <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pa*tonce"</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>patte d'once</i> paw of an ounce.] <i>(Her.)</i> <def>Having the arms growing broader and floriated toward the end; — said of a cross. See <i>Illust.</i> 9 of <u>Cross</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa"tri*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>patria</i> fatherland, country, fr. <i>pater</i> father.] <i>(Lat. Gram.)</i> <def>Derived from the name of a country, and designating an inhabitant of the country; gentile; — said of a noun.</def> — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A patrial noun. Thus <i>Romanus</i>, a Roman, and <i>Troas</i>, a woman of Troy, are <i>patrial</i> nouns, or <i>patrials</i>.</def> <i>Andrews.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pa"tri*arch</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>patriarche</i>, L. <i>patriarcha</i>, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; lineage, especially on the father's side, race; &?; father + &?; a leader, chief, fr. &?; to lead, rule. See <u>Father</u>, <u>Archaic</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The father and ruler of a family; one who governs his family or descendants by paternal right; — usually applied to heads of families in ancient history, especially in Biblical and Jewish history to those who lived before the time of Moses.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(R. C. Ch. & Gr. Ch.)</i> <def>A dignitary superior to the order of archbishops; as, the <i>patriarch</i> of Constantinople, of Alexandria, or of Antioch.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A venerable old man; an elder. Also used figuratively.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>patriarch</i> hoary, the sage of his kith and the hamlet.</blockquote> <i>Longfellow.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The monarch oak, the <i>partiarch</i> of trees.</blockquote> <i>Dryde.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pa`tri*ar"chal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>patriarcal</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Of or pertaining to a patriarch or to patriarchs; possessed by, or subject to, patriarchs; as, <i>patriarchal</i> authority or jurisdiction; a <i>patriarchal</i> see; a <i>patriarchal</i> church.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Characteristic of a patriarch; venerable.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>About whose <i>patriarchal</i> knee<BR> Late the little children clung.</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Ethnol.)</i> <def>Having an organization of society and government in which the head of the family exercises authority over all its generations.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Patriarchal cross</b></col> <i>(Her.)</i>, <cd>a cross, the shaft of which is intersected by two transverse beams, the upper one being the smaller. See <i>Illust.</i> (2) of <u>Cross</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Patriarchal dispensation</b></col>, <cd>the divine dispensation under which the patriarchs lived before the law given by Moses.</cd></p>

<p><! p. 1052 !></p>

<p><hw>Pa`tri*ar"chate</hw> (p>amac/`tr&ibreve;*&auml;r"k&asl;t), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>patriarcat</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The office, dignity, or jurisdiction of a patriarch.</def> <i>Jer. Taylor.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The residence of an ecclesiastic patriarch.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Ethnol.)</i> <def>A patriarchal form of government or society. See <u>Patriarchal</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>, 3.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa"tri*arch*dom</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The office or jurisdiction of a patriarch; patriarchate.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Pa`tri*ar"chic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>patriarchicus</i>, Gr. &?;.] <def>Patriarchal.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa"tri*arch*ism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Government by a patriarch, or the head of a family.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa"tri*arch*ship</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A patriarchate.</def> <i>Ayliffe.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pa"tri*arch`y</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The jurisdiction of a patriarch; patriarchship.</def> <i>Brerewood.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Government by a patriarch; patriarchism.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa*tri"cian</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>patricius</i>, fr. <i>patres</i> fathers or senators, pl. of <i>pater</i>: cf. F. <i>patricien</i>. See <u>Paternal</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Rom. Antiq.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to the Roman <i>patres</i> (fathers) or senators, or patricians.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Of, pertaining to, or appropriate to, a person of high birth; noble; not plebeian.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Born in the <i>patrician</i> file of society.</blockquote> <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>His horse's hoofs wet with <i>patrician</i> blood.</blockquote> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pa*tri"cian</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>patricius</i>: cf. F. <i>patricien</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Rom. Antiq.)</i> <def>Originally, a member of any of the families constituting the <i>populus Romanus</i>, or body of Roman citizens, before the development of the plebeian order; later, one who, by right of birth or by special privilege conferred, belonged to the nobility.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A person of high birth; a nobleman.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>One familiar with the works of the Christian Fathers; one versed in patristic lore.</def> [R.] <i>Colridge.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pa*tri"cian*ism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The rank or character of patricians.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa*tri"ci*ate</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The patrician class; the aristocracy; also, the office of patriarch.</def> <i>Milman.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pat*ri"ci`dal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to patricide; parricidal.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pat*ri"cide</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>pater</i> father + <i>caedere</i> to kill. Cf. <u>Parricide</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The murderer of his father.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The crime of one who murders his father. Same as <u>Parricide</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pat`ri*mo"ni*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>patrimonialis</i>: cf. F. <i>patrimonial</i>.] <def>Of or pertaining to a patrimony; inherited from ancestors; as, a <i>patrimonial</i> estate.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pat`ri*mo"ni*al*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>By inheritance.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pat"ri*mo*ny</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Patrimonies</b></plw> (#). [L. <i>patrimonium</i>, fr. <i>pater</i> father: cf. F. <i>patrimoine</i>. See <u>Paternal</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A right or estate inherited from one's father; or, in a larger sense, from any ancestor.</def> "'Reave the orphan of his <i>patrimony</i>." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Formerly, a church estate or endowment.</def> <i>Shipley.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pa"tri*ot</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>patriote</i>; cf. Sp. <i>patriota</i>, It. <i>patriotto</i>; all fr. Gr. &?; a fellow-countryman, fr. &?; established by forefathers, fr. &?; father. See <u>Father</u>.] <def>One who loves his country, and zealously supports its authority and interests.</def> <i>Bp. Hall.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Such tears as <i>patriots</i> shaed for dying laws.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pa"tri*ot</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Becoming to a patriot; patriotic.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa`tri*ot"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>patriotique</i>, Gr. &?; belonging to a fellow-countryman.] <def>Inspired by patriotism; actuated by love of one's country; zealously and unselfishly devoted to the service of one's country; as, a <i>patriotic</i> statesman, vigilance.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa`tri*ot"ic*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Patriotic; that pertains to a patriot.</def> — <wf>Pa`tri*ot"ic*al*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Pa"tri*ot*ism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>patriotisme</i>.] <def>Love of country; devotion to the welfare of one's country; the virtues and actions of a patriot; the passion which inspires one to serve one's country.</def> <i>Berkley.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pa`tri*pas"sian</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [LL. <i>Patripassiani</i>, pl.; L. <i>pater</i> father + <i>pati</i>, <i>passus</i>, to suffer: cf. F. <i>patripassiens</i>.] <i>(Eccl. Hist.)</i> <def>One of a body of believers in the early church who denied the independent pre&euml;xistent personality of Christ, and who, accordingly, held that the Father suffered in the Son; a monarchian.</def> — <wf>Pa`tri*pas"sian*ism</wf> (#), <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Pa"trist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One versed in patristics.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pa*tris"tic</hw> (?), <hw>Pa*tris"tic*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [F. <i>patristique</i>. See <u>Paternal</u>.] <def>Of or pertaining to the Fathers of the Christian church.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The voluminous editor of Jerome anf of tons of <i>patristic</i> theology.</blockquote> <i>I. Taylor.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pa*tris"tics</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>That departnent of historical theology which treats of the lives and doctrines of the Fathers of the church.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa"tri*zate</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [L. <i>patrissare</i>, <i>patrizare</i>;cf. Gr. &?;.] <def>To imitate one's father.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Pa*troc"i*nate</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [L. <i>patrocinatus</i>, p. p. of <i>patrocinari</i> to patronize, fr. <i>patronus</i> patron.] <def>To support; to patronize.</def> [Obs.] <i>Urquhart.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pa*troc`i*na"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The act of patrocinating or patronizing.</def> [Obs.] "<i>Patrocinations</i> of treason." <i>Bp. Hall.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pa*troc"i*ny</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>patrocinium</i>.] [Obs.] <def>See <u>Patrocination</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa*trol"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Patrolled</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Patrolling</u>.] [F. <i>patrouiller</i>, O. & Prov. F. <i>patrouiller</i> to paddle, paw about, patrol, fr. <i>patte</i> a paw; cf. D. <i>poot</i> paw, G. <i>pfote</i>, and E. <i>pat</i>, v.] <def>To go the rounds along a chain of sentinels; to traverse a police district or beat.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa*trol"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v.</i></pos><def>t To go the rounds of, as a sentry, guard, or policeman; as, to <i>patrol</i> a frontier; to <i>patrol</i> a beat.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa*trol"</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>patrouille</i>, OF. <i>patouille</i>. See <u>Patrol</u>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Mil.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A going of the rounds along the chain of sentinels and between the posts, by a guard, usually consisting of three or four men, to insure greater security from attacks on the outposts.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A movement, by a small body of troops beyond the line of outposts, to explore the country and gain intelligence of the enemy's whereabouts.</def> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <def>The guard or men who go the rounds for observation; a detachment whose duty it is to patrol.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Any perambulation of a particular line or district to guard it; also, the men thus guarding; as, a customs <i>patrol</i>; a fire <i>patrol</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>In France there is an army of <i>patrols</i> to secure her fiscal regulations.</blockquote> <i>A. Hamilton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pa*trole"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. & v.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Patrol</u>, <pos><i>n. & v.</i></pos></def></p>

<p><hw>Pa*trol"man</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Patrolmen</b></plw> (&?;). <def>One who patrols; a watchman; especially, a policeman who patrols a particular precinct of a town or city.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa"tron</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., fr. L. <i>patronus</i>, fr. <i>pater</i> a father. See <u>Paternal</u>, and cf. <u>Patroon</u>, <u>Padrone</u>, <u>Pattern</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who protects, supports, or countenances; a defender.</def> "<i>Patron</i> of my life and liberty." <i>Shak.</i> "The <i>patron</i> of true holiness." <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Rom. Antiq.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A master who had freed his slave, but still retained some paternal rights over him.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A man of distinction under whose protection another person placed himself.</def> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <def>An advocate or pleader.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Let him who works the client wrong<BR> Beware the <i>patron</i>'s ire.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>One who encourages or helps a person, a cause, or a work; a furtherer; a promoter; as, a <i>patron</i> of art.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Eccl. Law)</i> <def>One who has gift and disposition of a benefice.</def> [Eng.]</p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>A guardian saint. — called also <i>patron saint</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>See <u>Padrone</u>, 2.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Patrons of Husbandry</b></col>, <cd>the grangers. See <u>Granger</u>, 2.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pa"tron</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To be a patron of; to patronize; to favor.</def> [Obs.] <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pa"tron</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Doing the duty of a patron; giving aid or protection; tutelary.</def> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Patron saint</b></col> <i>(R. C. Ch.)</i>, <cd>a saint regarded as the peculiar protector of a country, community, church, profession, etc., or of an individual.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pa"tron*age</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>patronage</i>. Cf. LL. <i>patronaticum</i>, and L. <i>patronatus</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Special countenance or support; favor, encouragement, or aid, afforded to a person or a work; as, the <i>patronage</i> of letters; <i>patronage</i> given to an author.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Business custom.</def> [Commercial Cant]</p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Guardianship, as of a saint; tutelary care.</def> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>The right of nomination to political office; also, the offices, contracts, honors, etc., which a public officer may bestow by favor.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <i>(Eng. Law)</i> <def>The right of presentation to church or ecclesiastical benefice; advowson.</def> <i>Blackstone.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pa"tron*age</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To act as a patron of; to maintain; to defend.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pa"tron*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>patronalis</i>; cf. F. <i>patronal</i>.] <def>Patron; protecting; favoring.</def> [R.] <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pa"tron*ate</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>patronatus</i>.] <def>The right or duty of a patron; patronage.</def> [R.] <i>Westm. Rev.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pa"tron*ess</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>patronnesse</i>.] <def>A female patron or helper.</def> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Night, best <i>patroness</i> of grief.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pa`tron*i*za"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The act of patronizing; patronage; support.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Pa"tron*ize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Patronized</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Patronizing</u> (?).] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To act as patron toward; to support; to countenance; to favor; to aid.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The idea has been <i>patronized</i> by two States only.</blockquote> <i>A. Hamilton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To trade with customarily; to frequent as a customer.</def> [Commercial Cant]</p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To assume the air of a patron, or of a superior and protector, toward; — used in an unfavorable sense; as, to <i>patronize</i> one's equals.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa"tron*i`zer</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who patronizes.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa"tron*i`zing</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Showing condescending favor; assuming the manner of airs of a superior toward another.</def> — <wf>Pat"ron*i`zing*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <pos><i>Thackeray.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Pa"tron*less</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Destitute of a patron.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa`tro*nom`a*yol"o*gy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;, &?;, a father + E. <i>onomatology</i>.] <def>That branch of knowledge which deals with personal names and their origin; the study of patronymics.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa`tro*nym"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>patronymicus</i>, Gr. &?;; &?; father + &?; name: cf. F. <i>patronymique</i>.] <def>Derived from ancestors; as, a <i>patronymic</i> denomination.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa`tro*nym"ic</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;.] <def>A modification of the father's name borne by the son; a name derived from that of a parent or ancestor; as, <i>Pelides</i>, the son of Peleus; <i>Johnson</i>, the son of John; <i>Macdonald</i>, the son of Donald; <i>Paulowitz</i>, the son of Paul; also, the surname of a family; the family name.</def> <i>M. A. Lower.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pa`tro*nym"ic*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Patronymic</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa*troon"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [D. <i>patroon</i> a patron, a protector. See <u>Patron</u>.] <def>One of the proprietors of certain tracts of land with manorial privileges and right of entail, under the old Dutch governments of New York and New Jersey.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa*troon"ship</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The office of a patroon.</def> <i>Irving.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>||Pat`t&eacute;"</hw> (?), <hw>Pat*tee"</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [F. <i>patt&eacute;</i>, fem. <i>patt&eacute;e</i>, fr. <i>patte</i> paw, foot. Cf. <u>Patten</u>.] <i>(Her.)</i> <def>Narrow at the inner, and very broad at the other, end, or having its arms of that shape; — said of a cross. See <i>Illust.</i> (8) of <u>Cross</u>.</def> [Written also <i>pat&eacute;</i>, <i>patee</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Pat"te*mar</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Patamar</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pat"ten</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>patin</i> a high- heeled shoe, fr. <i>patte</i> paw, foot. Cf. <u>Panton</u>, <u>Patt&eacute;</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A clog or sole of wood, usually supported by an iron ring, worn to raise the feet from the wet or the mud.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>patten</i> now supports each frugal dame.</blockquote> <i>Gay.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A stilt.</def> [Prov. Eng.] <i>Halliwell.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pat"ten*ed</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Wearing pattens.</def> "Some <i>pattened</i> girl." <i>Jane Austen.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pat"ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Pattered</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Pattering</u>.] [Freq. of <i>pat</i> to strike gently.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To strike with a quick succession of slight, sharp sounds; as, <i>pattering</i> rain or hail; <i>pattering</i> feet.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The stealing shower is scarce to <i>patter</i> heard.</blockquote> <i>Thomson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To mutter; to mumble; as, to <i>patter</i> with the lips.</def> <i>Tyndale.</i> [In this sense, and in the following, perh. from <i>pater</i>noster.]</p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To talk glibly; to chatter; to harangue.</def> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><blockquote>I've gone out and <i>pattered</i> to get money.</blockquote> <i>Mayhew.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pat"ter</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To spatter; to sprinkle.</def> [R.] "And <i>patter</i> the water about the boat." <i>J. R. Drake.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> [See <u>Patter</u>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos>, 2.] <def>To mutter; as prayers.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>[The hooded clouds] <i>patter</i> their doleful prayers.</blockquote> <i>Longfellow.</i></p>

<p><col><b>To patter flash</b></col>, <cd>to talk in thieves' cant.</cd> [Slang]</p>

<p><hw>Pat"ter</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A quick succession of slight sounds; as, the <i>patter</i> of rain; the <i>patter</i> of little feet.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Glib and rapid speech; a voluble harangue.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>The cant of a class; patois; as, thieves's <i>patter</i>; gypsies' <i>patter</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pat"ter*er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who patters, or talks glibly; specifically, a street peddler.</def> [Cant, Eng.]</p>

<p><hw>Pat"tern</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>patron</i>, F. <i>patron</i>, a patron, also, a pattern. See <u>Patron</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Anything proposed for imitation; an archetype; an exemplar; that which is to be, or is worthy to be, copied or imitated; as, a <i>pattern</i> of a machine.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I will be the <i>pattern</i> of all patience.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A part showing the figure or quality of the whole; a specimen; a sample; an example; an instance.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He compares the <i>pattern</i> with the whole piece.</blockquote> <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Stuff sufficient for a garment; as, a dress <i>pattern</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Figure or style of decoration; design; as, wall paper of a beautiful <i>pattern</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>Something made after a model; a copy.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>patterns</i> of things in the heavens.</blockquote> <i>Heb. ix. 23.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>Anything cut or formed to serve as a guide to cutting or forming objects; as, a dressmaker's <i>pattern</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <i>(Founding)</i> <def>A full-sized model around which a mold of sand is made, to receive the melted metal. It is usually made of wood and in several parts, so as to be removed from the mold without injuring it.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Pattern box</b></col>, <col><b>chain</b></col>, or <col><b>cylinder</b></col> <i>(Figure Weaving)</i>, <cd>devices, in a loom, for presenting several shuttles to the picker in the proper succession for forming the figure.</cd> — <col><b>Pattern card</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>A set of samples on a card</cd>. <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <i>(Weaving)</i> <cd>One of the perforated cards in a Jacquard apparatus.</cd> — <col><b>Pattern reader</b></col>, <cd>one who arranges textile patterns.</cd> — <col><b>Pattern wheel</b></col> <i>(Horology)</i>, <cd>a count- wheel.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pat"tern</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Patterned</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Patterning</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To make or design (anything) by, from, or after, something that serves as a pattern; to copy; to model; to imitate.</def> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>[A temple] <i>patterned</i> from that which Adam reared in Paradise.</blockquote> <i>Sir T. Herbert.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To serve as an example for; also, to parallel.</def></p>

<p><col><b>To pattern after</b></col>, <cd>to imitate; to follow.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pat"ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Patties</b></plw> (#). [F. <i>p&acirc;t&eacute;</i>. See <u>Pasty</u>.] <def>A little pie.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pat"ty*pan`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A pan for baking patties.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A patty.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Pat"u*lous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>patulus</i>, fr. <i>patere</i> to be open, extend.] <def>Open; expanded; slightly spreading; having the parts loose or dispersed; as, a <i>patulous</i> calyx; a <i>patulous</i> cluster of flowers.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The eyes are large and <i>patulous</i>.</blockquote> <i>Sir J. Hill.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Pau</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Pah</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pau*cil"o*quent</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Uttering few words; brief in speech.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Pau*cil"o*quy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>pauciloquium</i>; <i>paucus</i> little + <i>loqui</i> to speak.] <def>Brevity in speech.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Pau`ci*spi"ral</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>paucus</i> few + E. <i>spiral</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Having few spirals, or whorls; as, a <i>paucispiral</i> operculum or shell.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pau"ci*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>paucitas</i>, fr. <i>paucus</i> few, little: cf. F. <i>paucit&eacute;</i> See <u>Few</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Fewness; smallness of number; scarcity.</def> <i>Hooker.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Revelation denies it by the stern reserve, the <i>paucity</i>, and the incompleteness, of its communications.</blockquote> <i>I. Taylor.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Smallnes of quantity; exiguity; insufficiency; as, <i>paucity</i> of blood.</def> <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pau"gie</hw>, <hw>Pau"gy</hw> } (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Paugies</b></plw> (#). [Corrupted from Amer. Indian <i>mishcuppauog</i>. See <u>Scup</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The scup. See <u>Porgy</u>, and <u>Scup</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pau*hau"gen</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [North Amer. Indian.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The menhaden; — called also <i>poghaden</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Paul</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Pawl</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Paul</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>An Italian silver coin. See <u>Paolo</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Paul"dron</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Powldron</u>.] <i>(Mil. Antiq.)</i> <def>A piece of armor covering the shoulder at the junction of the body piece and arm piece.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pau"li*an</hw> (?), <hw>Pau"li*an*ist</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Eccl. Hist.)</i> <def>A follower of <i>Paul</i> of Samosata, a bishop of Antioch in the third century, who was deposed for denying the divinity of Christ.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pau"li*cian</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Etymol. uncertain.] <i>(Eccl. Hist.)</i> <def>One of a sect of Christian dualists originating in Armenia in the seventh century. They rejected the Old Testament and the part of the New.</def></p>

<p><! p. 1053 !></p>

<p><hw>Pau"lin</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>See <u>Tarpaulin</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pau"line</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>Paulinus</i>, fr. <i>Paulus</i> Paul.] <def>Of or pertaining to the apostle Paul, or his writings; resembling, or conforming to, the writings of Paul; as, the <i>Pauline</i> epistles; <i>Pauline</i> doctrine.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>My religion had always been <i>Pauline</i>.</blockquote> <i>J. H. Newman.</i></p>

<p><hw>Paul"ist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(R. C. Ch.)</i> <def>A member of The Institute of the Missionary Priests of St. Paul the Apostle, founded in 1858 by the Rev. I. T. Hecker of New York. The majority of the members were formerly Protestants.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pau*low"ni*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL. So named from the Russian princess Anna <i>Pavlovna</i>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A genus of trees of the order <i>Scrophulariace&aelig;</i>, consisting of one species, <i>Paulownia imperialis</i>.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The tree is native to Japan, and has immense heart-shaped leaves, and large purplish flowers in panicles. The capsules contain many little winged seeds, which are beautiful microscopic objects. The tree is hardy in America as far north as Connecticut.</p>

<p><hw>Paum</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t. & i.</i></pos> [See <u>Palm</u> to cheat.] <def>To palm off by fraud; to cheat at cards.</def> [Obs.] <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><hw>Paunce</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Pansy</u>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The pansy.</def> "The pretty <i>paunce</i>." <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Paunch</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>panch</i>, <i>pance</i>, F. <i>panse</i>, L. <i>pantex</i>, <i>panticis</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>The belly and its contents; the abdomen; also, the first stomach, or rumen, of ruminants. See <u>Rumen</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>A paunch mat; — called also <i>panch</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>The thickened rim of a bell, struck by the clapper.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Paunch mat</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>a thick mat made of strands of rope, used to prevent the yard or rigging from chafing.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Paunch</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Paunched</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Paunching</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To pierce or rip the belly of; to eviscerate; to disembowel.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To stuff with food.</def> [Obs.] <i>Udall.</i></p>

<p><hw>Paunch"y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pot-bellied.</def> [R.] <i>Dickens.</i></p>

<p><hw>Paune</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A kind of bread. See <u>Pone</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pau"per</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. See <u>Poor</u>.] <def>A poor person; especially, one development on private or public charity. Also used adjectively; as, <i>pouper</i> immigrants, <i>pouper</i> labor.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pau"per*ism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>paup&eacute;risme</i>.] <def>The state of being a pauper; the state of indigent persons requiring support from the community.</def> <i>Whatly.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Poverty; indigence; penury; want; need; destitution. See <u>Poverty</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Pau`per*i*za"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The act or process of reducing to pauperism.</def> <i>C. Kingsley.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pau"per*ize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Pauperized</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Pauperizing</u> (?).] <def>To reduce to pauperism; as, to <i>pauperize</i> the peasantry.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pau*rop"o*da</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., from Gr. &?; small + <i>-poda</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>An order of small myriapods having only nine pairs of legs and destitute of trache&aelig;.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pause</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., fr. L. <i>pausa</i>. See <u>Pose</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A temporary stop or rest; an intermission of action; interruption; suspension; cessation.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Temporary inaction or waiting; hesitation; suspence; doubt.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I stand in <i>pause</i> where I shall first begin.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>In speaking or reading aloud, a brief arrest or suspension of voice, to indicate the limits and relations of sentences and their parts.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>In writing and printing, a mark indicating the place and nature of an arrest of voice in reading; a punctuation point; as, teach the pupil to mind the <i>pauses</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>A break or paragraph in writing.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He writes with warmth, which usually neglects method, and those partitions and <i>pauses</i> which men educated in schools observe.</blockquote> <i>Locke.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <i>(Mus.)</i> <def>A hold. See 4th <u>Hold</u>, 7.</def></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Stop; cessation; suspension.</p>

<p><hw>Pause</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Paused</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Pausing</u>.] [Cf. F. <i>pauser</i>, L. <i>pausare</i>. See <u>Pause</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, <u>Pose</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To make a short stop; to cease for a time; to intermit speaking or acting; to stop; to wait; to rest.</def> "Tarry, <i>pause</i> a day or two." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Pausing</i> while, thus to herself she mused.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To be intermitted; to cease; as, the music <i>pauses</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To hesitate; to hold back; to delay.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Why doth the Jew <i>pause</i>? Take thy forfeiture.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i> </p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To stop in order to consider; hence, to consider; to reflect.</def> [R.] "Take time to <i>pause</i>." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><col><b>To pause upon</b></col>, <cd>to deliberate concerning.</cd> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — To intermit; stop; stay; wait; delay; tarry; hesitate; demur.</p>

<p><hw>Pause</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To cause to stop or rest; — used reflexively.</def> [R.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Paus"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who pauses.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Paus"ing*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>With pauses; haltingly.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Paux"i</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From the native name: cf. Sp. <i>pauji</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A curassow (<i>Ourax pauxi</i>), which, in South America, is often domesticated.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pav"age</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>pavage</i>.] <def>See <u>Pavage</u>.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Pav"an</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>pavane</i>; cf. It. & Sp. <i>pavana</i>, and Sp. <i>pavon</i>, <i>pavo</i>, a peacock, L. <i>pavo</i>.] <def>A stately and formal Spanish dance for which full state costume is worn; — so called from the resemblance of its movements to those of the peacock.</def> [Written also <i>pavane</i>, <i>paven</i>, <i>pavian</i>, and <i>pavin</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>||Pa`v&eacute;"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., from <i>paver</i> to pave. See <u>Pave</u>.] <def>The pavement.</def></p>

<p><col><b>||Nymphe du pav&eacute;</b></col> (&?;), <cd>a prostitute who solicits in the street.</cd> [A low euphemism.]</p>

<p><hw>Pave</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Paved</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Paving</u>.] [F. <i>paver</i> to pave, LL. <i>pavare</i>, from L. <i>pavire</i> to beat, ram, or tread down; cf. Gr. &?; to beat, strike.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To lay or cover with stone, brick, or other material, so as to make a firm, level, or convenient surface for horses, carriages, or persons on foot, to travel on; to floor with brick, stone, or other solid material; as, to <i>pave</i> a street; to <i>pave</i> a court.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>With silver <i>paved</i>, and all divine with gold.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>To <i>pave</i> thy realm, and smooth the broken ways.</blockquote> <i>Gay.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Fig.: To make smooth, easy, and safe; to prepare, as a path or way; as, to <i>pave</i> the way to promotion; to <i>pave</i> the way for an enterprise.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>It might open and <i>pave</i> a prepared way to his own title.</blockquote> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pave"ment</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., fr. LL. <i>pavamentum</i>, L. <i>pavimentum</i>. See <u>Pave</u>.] <def>That with which anythingis paved; a floor or covering of solid material, laid so as to make a hard and convenient surface for travel; a paved road or sidewalk; a decorative interior floor of tiles or colored bricks.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The riches of heaven's <i>pavement</i>, trodden gold.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Pavement teeth</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>flattened teeth which in certain fishes, as the skates and cestracionts, are arranged side by side, like tiles in a pavement.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pave"ment</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To furnish with a pavement; to pave.</def> [Obs.] "How richly <i>pavemented</i>!" <i>Bp. Hall.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pav"en</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Pavan</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pav"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who paves; one who lays a pavement.</def> [Written also <i>pavier</i> and <i>pavior</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Pav`e*sade"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. See <u>Pavise</u>.] <def>A canvas screen, formerly sometimes extended along the side of a vessel in a naval engagement, to conceal from the enemy the operations on board.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pa*vese"</hw> (?), <hw>Pa*vesse"</hw> (?) }, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Pavise.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Pa"vi*age</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Law)</i> <def>A contribution or a tax for paving streets or highways.</def> <i>Bouvier.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pav"i*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See Pavan.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pav"id</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. pavidus, from pavere to be afraid.] <def>Timid; fearful.</def> [R.] <i>Thackeray.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pa*vid"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Timidity.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Pav"ier</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A paver.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa"vi*in</hw> (p&amacr;"v&ibreve;*&ibreve;n), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A glucoside found in species of the genus <i>Pavia</i> of the Horse-chestnut family.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa*vil"ion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>pavillon</i>, fr. L. <i>pavilio</i> a butterfly, also, a tent, because spread out like a butterfly's wings.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A temporary movable habitation; a large tent; a marquee; esp., a tent raised on posts.</def> "[The] Greeks do pitch their brave <i>pavilions</i>." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>A single body or mass of building, contained within simple walls and a single roof, whether insulated, as in the park or garden of a larger edifice, or united with other parts, and forming an angle or central feature of a large pile.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Mil.)</i> <def>A flag, colors, ensign, or banner.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Her.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Tent</u> <i>(Her.)</i></def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>That part of a brilliant which lies between the girdle and collet. See <i>Illust.</i> of <u>Brilliant</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>The auricle of the ear; also, the fimbriated extremity of the Fallopian tube.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <def>A covering; a canopy; figuratively, the sky.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>pavilion</i> of heaven is bare.</blockquote> <i>Shelley.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pa*vil"ion</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Pavilioned</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Pavilioning</u>.] <def>To furnish or cover with, or shelter in, a tent or tents.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The field <i>pavilioned</i> with his guardians bright.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pav"in</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Pavan</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pav"ing</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act or process of laying a pavement, or covering some place with a pavement.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A pavement.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pav"ior</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who paves; a paver.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A rammer for driving paving stones.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A brick or slab used for paving.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa*vise</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>pavaix</i>, F. <i>pavois</i>; cf. It. <i>pavese</i>, LL. <i>pavense</i>; perh. named from <i>Pavia</i> in Italy.] <i>(Mil. Antiq.)</i> <def>A large shield covering the whole body, carried by a pavisor, who sometimes screened also an archer with it.</def> [Written also <i>pavais</i>, <i>pavese</i>, and <i>pavesse</i>.] <i>Fairholt.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pa*vis"or</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Mil. Antiq.)</i> <def>A soldier who carried a pavise.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pa"vo</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., a peacock. See <u>Peacock</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A genus of birds, including the peacocks.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Astron.)</i> <def>The Peacock, a constellation of the southern hemisphere.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa"von</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A small triangular flag, esp. one attached to a knight's lance; a pennon.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pa*vone"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. It. <i>pavone</i>, Sp. <i>pavon</i>, fr. L. <i>pavo</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A peacock.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pa*vo"ni*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to a peacock.</def> [R.] <i>Southey.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pav"o*nine</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>pavoninus</i>, fr. <i>pavo</i> a peacock. See <u>Peacock</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Like, or pertaining to, the genus Pavo.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Characteristic of a peacock; resembling the tail of a peacock, as in colors; iridescent.</def> <i>P. Cleaveland.</i></p>

<p><hw>Paw</hw> (p&add;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>pawe</i>, <i>poue</i>, OF. <i>poe</i>: cf. <i>patte</i>, LG. <i>pote</i>, D. <i>poot</i>, G. <i>pfote</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The foot of a quadruped having claws, as the lion, dog, cat, etc.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The hand.</def> [Jocose] <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Paw clam</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the tridacna; - - so called because shaped like an animal's <i>paw</i>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Paw</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To draw the forefoot along the ground; to beat or scrape with the forefoot.</def> <i>Job xxxix. 21.</i></p>

<p><hw>Paw</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Pawed</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Pawing</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To pass the paw over; to stroke or handle with the paws; hence, to handle fondly or rudely.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To scrape or beat with the forefoot.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>His hot courser <i>pawed</i> the Hungarian plane.</blockquote> <i>Tickell.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pawk</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A small lobster.</def> <i>Travis.</i></p>

<p><hw>Paw"ky</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. AS. <i>p&aelig;cean</i> to deceive.] <def>Arch; cunning; sly.</def> [Scot.] <i>Jamieson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pawl</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [W. <i>pawl</i> a pole, a stake. Cf. <u>Pole</u> a stake.] <i>(Mach.)</i> <def>A pivoted tongue, or sliding bolt, on one part of a machine, adapted to fall into notches, or interdental spaces, on another part, as a ratchet wheel, in such a manner as to permit motion in one direction and prevent it in the reverse, as in a windlass; a catch, click, or detent. See <i>Illust.</i> of <u>Ratchet Wheel</u>.</def> [Written also <i>paul</i>, or <i>pall</i>.]</p>

<p><col><b>Pawl bitt</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>a heavy timber, set abaft the windlass, to receive the strain of the pawls.</cd> — <col><b>Pawl rim</b></col> or <col><b>ring</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>a stationary metallic ring surrounding the base of a capstan, having notches for the pawls to catch in.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pawl</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To stop with a pawl; to drop the pawls off.</def></p>

<p><col><b>To pawl the capstan</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Capstan</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pawn</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Pan</u>, the masticatory.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pawn</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>paune</i>, <i>poun</i>, OF. <i>peon</i>, <i>poon</i>, F. <i>pion</i>, LL. <i>pedo</i> a foot soldier, fr. L. <i>pes</i>, <i>pedis</i>, foot. See <u>Foot</u>, and cf. <u>Pioneer</u>, <u>Peon</u>.] <i>(Chess)</i> <def>A man or piece of the lowest rank.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pawn</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>pan</i> pledge, assurance, skirt, piece, F. <i>pan</i> skirt, lappet, piece, from L. <i>pannus</i>. See <u>Pane</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Anything delivered or deposited as security, as for the payment of money borrowed, or of a debt; a pledge. See <u>Pledge</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, 1.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>As for mortgaging or pawning, . . . men will not take <i>pawns</i> without use [<i>i. e.</i>, interest].</blockquote> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>State of being pledged; a pledge for the fulfillment of a promise.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Redeem from broking <i>pawn</i> the blemish'd crown.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>As the morning dew is a <i>pawn</i> of the evening fatness.</blockquote> <i>Donne.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A stake hazarded in a wager.</def> [Poetic]</p>

<p><blockquote>My life I never held but as a <i>pawn</i><BR> To wage against thy enemies.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><col><b>In pawn</b></col>, <col><b>At pawn</b></col>, <cd>in the state of being pledged.</cd> "Sweet wife, my honor is <i>at pawn</i>." <i>Shak.</i> — <col><b>Pawn ticket</b></col>, <cd>a receipt given by the pawnbroker for an article pledged.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pawn</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Pawned</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Pawning</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To give or deposit in pledge, or as security for the payment of money borrowed; to put in pawn; to pledge; as, to <i>pawn</i> one's watch.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>And <i>pawned</i> the last remaining piece of plate.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To pledge for the fulfillment of a promise; to stake; to risk; to wager; to hazard.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Pawning</i> his honor to obtain his lust.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pawna*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Capable of being pawned.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pawn"bro`ker</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who makes a business of lending money on the security of personal property pledged or deposited in his keeping.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pawn"bro`king</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The business of a pawnbroker.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pawn*ee"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Law)</i> <def>One or two whom a pledge is delivered as security; one who takes anything in pawn.</def></p>

<p><hw>Paw`nees"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos>; sing. <singw><b>Pawnee</b></singw> (&?;). <i>(Ethnol.)</i> <def>A tribe of Indians (called also <i>Loups</i>) who formerly occupied the region of the Platte river, but now live mostly in the Indian Territory. The term is often used in a wider sense to include also the related tribes of Rickarees and Wichitas. Called also <i>Pani</i>.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pawn"er</hw> (?), <hw>Pawn*or"</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Law)</i> <def>One who pawns or pledges anything as security for the payment of borrowed money or of a debt.</def></p>

<p><hw>Paw`paw"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>See <u>Papaw</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pax</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>pax</i> peace. See <u>Peace</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Eccl.)</i> <def>The kiss of peace; also, the embrace in the sanctuary now substituted for it at High Mass in Roman Catholic churches.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(R. C. Ch.)</i> <def>A tablet or board, on which is a representation of Christ, of the Virgin Mary, or of some saint and which, in the Mass, was kissed by the priest and then by the people, in medi&aelig;val times; an osculatory. It is still used in communities, confraternities, etc.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Kiss the <i>pax</i>, and be quiet like your neighbors.</blockquote> <i>Chapman.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pax"il*lose`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>paxillus</i> a small stake.] <i>(Geol.)</i> <def>Resembling a little stake.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pax*il"lus</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Paxilli</b></plw> (#). [L., a peg.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of a peculiar kind of spines covering the surface of certain starfishes. They are pillarlike, with a flattened summit which is covered with minute spinules or granules. See <i>Illustration</i> in Appendix.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pax"wax`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [For <i>faxvax</i>, fr. AS. <i>fea&?;</i> hair (akin to OHG. <i>fahs</i>) + <i>weaxan</i> to grow. See <u>Wax</u> to grow, and cf. <u>Faxed</u>, <u>Pectinate</u>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>The strong ligament of the back of the neck in quadrupeds. It connects the back of the skull with dorsal spines of the cervical vertebr&aelig;, and helps to support the head. Called also <i>paxywaxy</i> and <i>packwax</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pax"y*wax`y</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>See <u>Paxwax</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pay</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [OF. <i>peier</i>, fr. L. <i>picare</i> to pitch, <i>i&?;</i> pitch: cf. OF. <i>peiz</i> pitch, F. <i>poix</i>. See <u>Pitch</u> a black substance.] <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>To cover, as bottom of a vessel, a seam, a spar, etc., with tar or pitch, or waterproof composition of tallow, resin, etc.; to smear.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pay</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Paid</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Paying</u>.] [OE. <i>paien</i>, F. <i>payer</i>, fr. L. <i>pacare</i> to pacify, appease, fr. <i>pax</i>, <i>pacis</i>, peace. See <u>Peace</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To satisfy, or content; specifically, to satisfy (another person) for service rendered, property delivered, etc.; to discharge one's obligation to; to make due return to; to compensate; to remunerate; to recompense; to requite; as, to <i>pay</i> workmen or servants.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>May no penny ale them <i>pay</i> [<i>i. e.</i>, satisfy].</blockquote> <i>P. Plowman.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>[She] <i>pays</i> me with disdain.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Hence, figuratively: To compensate justly; to requite according to merit; to reward; to punish; to retort or retaliate upon.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>For which, or pay me quickly, or I'll <i>pay</i> you.</blockquote> <i>B. Jonson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To discharge, as a debt, demand, or obligation, by giving or doing what is due or required; to deliver the amount or value of to the person to whom it is owing; to discharge a debt by delivering (money owed).</def> "<i>Pay</i> me that thou owest." <i>Matt. xviii. 28.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Have patience with me, and I will <i>pay</i> thee all.</blockquote> <i>Matt. xviii. 26.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>If they <i>pay</i> this tax, they starve.</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To discharge or fulfill, as a duy; to perform or render duty, as that which has been promised.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>This day have I <i>paid</i> my vows.</blockquote> <i>Prov. vii. 14.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>To give or offer, without an implied obligation; as, to <i>pay</i> attention; to <i>pay</i> a visit.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Not <i>paying</i> me a welcome.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><col><b>To pay off</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>To make compensation to and discharge; as, <i>to pay off</i> the crew of a ship</cd>. <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>To allow (a thread, cord, etc.) to run off; to unwind.</cd> — <col><b>To pay one's duty</b></col>, <cd>to render homage, as to a sovereign or other superior.</cd> — <col><b>To pay out</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>to pass out; hence, to slacken; to allow to run out; as, <i>to pay out</i> more cable. See under <u>Cable</u>.</cd> — <col><b>To pay the piper</b></col>, <cd>to bear the cost, expense, or trouble.</cd> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><! p. 1054 !></p>

<p><hw>Pay</hw> (p&amacr;), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To give a recompense; to make payment, requital, or satisfaction; to discharge a debt.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The wicked borroweth, and <i>payeth</i> not again.</blockquote> <i>Ps. xxxvii. 21.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Hence, to make or secure suitable return for expense or trouble; to be remunerative or profitable; to be worth the effort or pains required; as, it will <i>pay</i> to ride; it will <i>pay</i> to wait; politeness always <i>pays</i>.</def></p>

<p><col><b>To pay for</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>To make amends for; to atone for; as, men often <i>pay for</i> their mistakes with loss of property or reputation, sometimes with life</cd>. <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>To give an equivalent for; to bear the expense of; to be mulcted on account of.</cd></p>

<p><blockquote>'T was I <i>paid for</i> your sleeps; I watched your wakings.</blockquote> <i>Beau. & Fl.</i></p>

<p>— <col><b>To pay off</b></col>. [Etymol. uncertain.] <i>(Naut.)</i> <cd>To fall to leeward, as the head of a vessel under sail.</cd> — <col><b>To pay on</b></col>. [Etymol. uncertain.] <cd>To beat with vigor; to redouble blows.</cd> [Colloq.] — <col><b>To pay round</b></col> [Etymol. uncertain.] <i>(Naut.)</i> <cd>To turn the ship's head.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pay</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Satisfaction; content.</def> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>An equivalent or return for money due, goods purchased, or services performed; salary or wages for work or service; compensation; recompense; payment; hire; as, the <i>pay</i> of a clerk; the <i>pay</i> of a soldier.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Where only merit constant <i>pay</i> receives.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>There is neither <i>pay</i> nor plunder to be got.</blockquote> <i>L'Estrange.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Full pay</b></col>, <cd>the whole amount of wages or salary; maximum pay; especially, the highest pay or allowance to civil or military officers of a certain rank, without deductions.</cd> — <col><b>Half pay</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Half</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Pay day</b></col>, <cd>the day of settlement of accounts.</cd> — <col><b>Pay dirt</b></col> <i>(Mining)</i>, <cd>earth which yields a profit to the miner.</cd> [Western U.S.] — <col><b>Pay office</b></col>, <cd>a place where payment is made.</cd> — <col><b>Pay roll</b></col>, <cd>a roll or list of persons entitled to payment, with the amounts due.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pay"a*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>payable</i>. Cf. <u>Pacable</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>That may, can, or should be paid; suitable to be paid; justly due.</def> <i>Drayton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Thanks are a tribute <i>payable</i> by the poorest.</blockquote> <i>South.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Law)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>That may be discharged or settled by delivery of value.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>Matured; now due.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pay*ee"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The person to whom money is to be, or has been, paid; the person named in a bill or note, to whom, or to whose order, the amount is promised or directed to be paid. See <i>Bill of exchange</i>, under <u>Bill</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pay"en</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. & a.</i></pos> <def>Pagan.</def> [F.] [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pay"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who pays; specifically, the person by whom a bill or note has been, or should be, paid.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pay"mas`ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who pays; one who compensates, rewards, or requites; specifically, an officer or agent of a government, a corporation, or an employer, whose duty it is to pay salaries, wages, etc., and keep account of the same.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pay"ment</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>payment</i>, <i>paiement</i>. See <u>Pay</u> to requite.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of paying, or giving compensation; the discharge of a debt or an obligation.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>No man envieth the <i>payment</i> of a debt.</blockquote> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>That which is paid; the thing given in discharge of a debt, or an obligation, or in fulfillment of a promise; reward; recompense; requital; return.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Punishment; chastisement.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Payn</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. & F. <i>pain</i>, fr. L. <i>panis</i> bread.] <def>Bread. Having</def> <i>Piers Plowman.</i></p>

<p><hw>Payn`de*main"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>pain</i> bread + <i>demaine</i> manorial, lordly, own, private. See <u>Payn</u>, and <u>Demesne</u>. Said to be so called from the figure of our Lord impressed upon it.] <def>The finest and whitest bread made in the Middle Ages; — called also <i>paynemain</i>, <i>payman</i>.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Pay"nim</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. & a.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Painim</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Payn"ize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [From Mr. <i>Payne</i>, the inventor.] <def>To treat or preserve, as wood, by a process resembling kyanizing.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pay*or"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Law)</i> <def>See <u>Payer</u>.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Payse</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To poise.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pay"tine</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>An alkaloid obtained from a white bark resembling that of the cinchona, first brought from <i>Payta</i>, in Peru.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pea</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>peis</i>. See <u>Poise</u>.] <def>The sliding weight on a steelyard.</def> [Written also <i>pee</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Pea</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>See <u>Peak</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, 3.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pea</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Peas</b></plw> (#) or <plw><b>Pease</b></plw> (#). [OE. <i>pese</i>, fr. AS. <i>pisa</i>, or OF. <i>peis</i>, F. <i>pois</i>; both fr. L. <i>pisum</i>; cf. Gr. &?;, &?;. The final <i>s</i> was misunderstood in English as a plural ending. Cf. <u>Pease</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A plant, and its fruit, of the genus <i>Pisum</i>, of many varieties, much cultivated for food. It has a papilionaceous flower, and the pericarp is a legume, popularly called a <i>pod</i>.</def></p>

<p>&fist; When a definite number, more than one, is spoken of, the plural form <i>peas</i> is used; as, the pod contained nine <i>peas</i>; but, in a collective sense, the form <i>pease</i> is preferred; as, a bushel of <i>pease</i>; they had <i>pease</i> at dinner. This distinction is not always preserved, the form <i>peas</i> being used in both senses.</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A name given, especially in the Southern States, to the seed of several leguminous plants (species of <i>Dolichos</i>, <i>Cicer</i>, <i>Abrus</i>, etc.) esp. those having a scar (<i>hilum</i>) of a different color from the rest of the seed.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The name <i>pea</i> is given to many leguminous plants more or less closely related to the common pea. See the Phrases, below.</p>

<p><col><b>Beach pea</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>a seashore plant, <i>Lathyrus maritimus</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Black-eyed pea</b></col>, <cd>a West Indian name for <i>Dolichos sph&aelig;rospermus</i> and its seed.</cd> — <col><b>Butterfly pea</b></col>, <cd>the American plant <i>Clitoria Mariana</i>, having showy blossoms.</cd> — <col><b>Chick pea</b></col>. <cd>See <u>Chick-pea</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Egyptian pea</b></col>. <cd>Same as <u>Chick-pea</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Everlasting pea</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Everlasting</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Glory pea</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Glory</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></cd> — <col><b>Hoary pea</b></col>, <cd>any plant of the genus <i>Tephrosia</i>; goat's rue.</cd> — <col><b>Issue pea</b></col>, <col><b>Orris pea</b></col>. <i>(Med.)</i> <cd>See under <u>Issue</u>, and <u>Orris</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Milk pea</b></col>. <i>(Bot.)</i> <cd>See under <u>Milk</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Pea berry</b></col>, <cd>a kind of a coffee bean or grain which grows single, and is round or pea-shaped; often used adjectively; as, <i>pea-berry</i> coffee.</cd> — <col><b>Pea bug</b></col>. <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <cd>Same as <u>Pea weevil</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Pea coal</b></col>, <cd>a size of coal smaller than nut coal.</cd> — <col><b>Pea crab</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>any small crab of the genus <i>Pinnotheres</i>, living as a commensal in bivalves; esp., the European species (<i>P. pisum</i>) which lives in the common mussel and the cockle.</cd> — <col><b>Pea dove</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the American ground dove.</cd> — <col><b>Pea-flower tribe</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>a suborder (<i>Papilionace&aelig;</i>) of leguminous plants having blossoms essentially like that of the pea.</cd> <i>G. Bentham.</i> — <col><b>Pea maggot</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the larva of a European moth (<i>Tortrix pisi</i>), which is very destructive to peas.</cd> — <col><b>Pea ore</b></col> <i>(Min.)</i>, <cd>argillaceous oxide of iron, occurring in round grains of a size of a pea; pisolitic ore.</cd> — <col><b>Pea starch</b></col>, <cd>the starch or flour of the common pea, which is sometimes used in adulterating wheat flour, pepper, etc.</cd> — <col><b>Pea tree</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>the name of several leguminous shrubs of the genus <i>Caragana</i>, natives of Siberia and China.</cd> — <col><b>Pea vine</b></col>. <i>(Bot.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>Any plant which bears peas</cd>. <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>A kind of vetch or tare, common in the United States (<i>Lathyrus Americana</i>, and other similar species).</cd> — <col><b>Pea weevil</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a small weevil (<i>Bruchus pisi</i>) which destroys peas by eating out the interior.</cd> — <col><b>Pigeon pea</b></col>. <i>(Bot.)</i> <cd>See <u>Pigeon pea</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Sweet pea</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>the annual plant <i>Lathyrus odoratus</i>; also, its many-colored, sweet-scented blossoms.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pea"bird`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The wryneck; — so called from its note.</def> [Prov. Eng.]</p>

<p><hw>Pea"bod*y bird`</hw> (?). <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>An American sparrow (<i>Zonotrichia albicollis</i>) having a conspicuous white throat. The name is imitative of its note. Called also <i>White- throated sparrow</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Peace</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>pees</i>, <i>pais</i>, OF. pais, paiz, pes, F. <i>paix</i>, L. <i>pax</i>, <i>pacis</i>, akin to <i>pacere</i>, <i>paciscere</i>, <i>pacisci</i>, to make an agreement, and prob. also <i>pangere</i> to fasten. Cf. <u>Appease</u>, <u>Fair</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>, <u>Fay</u>, <pos><i>v.</i></pos>, <u>Fang</u>, <u>Pacify</u>, <u>Pact</u>, <u>Pay</u> to requite.] <def>A state of quiet or tranquillity; freedom from disturbance or agitation; calm; repose</def>; specifically: <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>Exemption from, or cessation of, war with public enemies.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>Public quiet, order, and contentment in obedience to law.</def> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <def>Exemption from, or subjection of, agitating passions; tranquillity of mind or conscience.</def> <sd><i>(d)</i></sd> <def>Reconciliation; agreement after variance; harmony; concord.</def> "The eternal love and <i>pees</i>." <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p>&fist; <i>Peace</i> is sometimes used as an exclamation in commanding silence, quiet, or order. "<i>Peace</i>! foolish woman." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><col><b>At peace</b></col>, <cd>in a state of peace.</cd> — <col><b>Breach of the peace</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Breach</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Justice of the peace</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Justice</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Peace of God</b></col>. <i>(Law)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>A term used in wills, indictments, etc., as denoting a state of peace and good conduct.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <i>(Theol.)</i> <cd>The peace of heart which is the gift of God.</cd> — <col><b>Peace offering</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <i>(Jewish Antiq.)</i> <cd>A voluntary offering to God in token of devout homage and of a sense of friendly communion with Him</cd>. <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>A gift or service offered as satisfaction to an offended person.</cd> — <col><b>Peace officer</b></col>, <cd>a civil officer whose duty it is to preserve the public peace, to prevent riots, etc., as a sheriff or constable.</cd> — <col><b>To hold one's peace</b></col>, <cd>to be silent; to refrain from speaking.</cd> — <col><b>To make one's peace with</b></col>, <cd>to reconcile one with, to plead one's cause with, or to become reconciled with, another.</cd> "I will <i>make your peace</i> with him." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Peace</hw>, <pos><i>v. t. & i.</i></pos> <def>To make or become quiet; to be silent; to stop.</def> [R.] "<i>Peace</i> your tattlings." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>When the thunder would not <i>peace</i> at my bidding.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Peace"a*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [OE. <i>peisible</i>, F. <i>paisible</i>.] <def>Begin in or at peace; tranquil; quiet; free from, or not disposed to, war, disorder, or excitement; not quarrelsome.</def> — <wf>Peace"a*ble*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> — <wf>Peace"a*bly</wf>, adv.</p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Peaceful; pacific; tranquil; quiet; mild; undisturbed; serene; still. — <u>Peaceable</u>, <u>Peaceful</u>. <i>Peaceable</i> describes the state of an individual, nation, etc., in reference to external hostility, attack, etc.; <i>peaceful</i>, in respect to internal disturbance. The former denotes "in the spirit of peace;" latter; "in the possession or enjoyment of peace." A <i>peaceable</i> adjustment of difficulties; a <i>peaceful</i> life, scene.</p>

<p><hw>Peace"break`er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who disturbs the public peace.</def> — <wf>Peace"break`ing</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Peace"ful</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Possessing or enjoying peace; not disturbed by war, tumult, agitation, anxiety, or commotion; quiet; tranquil; as, a <i>peaceful</i> time; a <i>peaceful</i> country; a <i>peaceful</i> end.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Not disposed or tending to war, tumult or agitation; pacific; mild; calm; peaceable; as, <i>peaceful</i> words.</def></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — See <u>Peaceable</u>.</p>

<p>—<wf>Peace"ful*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos>. — <wf>Peace"ful*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Peace"less</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Without peace; disturbed.</def> <i>Sandys.</i></p>

<p><hw>Peace"mak`er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who makes peace by reconciling parties that are at variance.</def> <i>Matt. v. 9.</i></p>

<p>—<wf>Peace"mak`ing</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Peach</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [See <u>Appeach</u>, <u>Impeach</u>.] <def>To accuse of crime; to inform against.</def> [Obs.] <i>Foxe.</i></p>

<p><hw>Peach</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To turn informer; to betray one's accomplice.</def> [Obs. or Colloq.]</p>

<p><blockquote>If I be ta'en, I'll <i>peach</i> for this.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Peach</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>peche</i>, <i>peshe</i>, OF. <i>pesche</i>, F. <i>p&ecirc;che</i>, fr. LL. <i>persia</i>, L. <i>Persicum</i> (sc. <i>malum</i>) a Persian apple, a peach. Cf. <u>Persian</u>, and <u>Parsee</u>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A well-known high-flavored juicy fruit, containing one or two seeds in a hard almond-like endocarp or stone; also, the tree which bears it (<i>Prunus, or Amygdalus Persica</i>). In the wild stock the fruit is hard and inedible.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Guinea</b></col>, or <col><b>Sierra Leone</b></col>, <col><b>peach</b></col>, <cd>the large edible berry of the <i>Sarcocephalus esculentus</i>, a rubiaceous climbing shrub of west tropical Africa.</cd> — <col><b>Palm peach</b></col>, <cd>the fruit of a Venezuelan palm tree (<i>Bactris speciosa</i>).</cd> — <col><b>Peach color</b></col>, <cd>the pale red color of the peach blossom.</cd> — <col><b>Peach-tree borer</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the larva of a clearwing moth (<i>&AElig;geria, or Sannina, exitiosa</i>) of the family <i>&AElig;geriid&aelig;</i>, which is very destructive to peach trees by boring in the wood, usually near the ground; also, the moth itself. See <i>Illust.</i> under <u>Borer</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Peach"-col`ored</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of the color of a peach blossom.</def> "<i>Peach-colored</i> satin." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Peach"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who peaches.</def> [Low] <i>Foxe.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pea"chick`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The chicken of the peacock.</def></p>

<p><hw>Peach"y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Resembling a peach or peaches.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pea"cock`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>pecok</i>. <i>Pea-</i> in this word is from AS. <i>pe&aacute;</i>, <i>p&amacr;wa</i>, peacock, fr. L. <i>pavo</i>, prob. of Oriental origin; cf. Gr. &?;, &?;, Per. <i>t&amacr;us</i>, <i>t&amacr;wus</i>, Ar. <i>t&amacr;wu&?;s</i>. See <u>Cock</u> the bird.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The male of any pheasant of the genus <i>Pavo</i>, of which at least two species are known, native of Southern Asia and the East Indies.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The upper tail coverts, which are long and capable of erection, are each marked with a black spot bordered by concentric bands of brilliant blue, green, and golden colors. The common domesticated species is <i>Pavo cristatus</i>. The Javan peacock (<i>P. muticus</i>) is more brilliantly colored than the common species.</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>In common usage, the species in general or collectively; a peafowl.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Peacock butterfly</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a handsome European butterfly (<i>Hamadryas Io</i>) having ocelli like those of peacock.</cd> — <col><b>Peacock fish</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the European blue-striped wrasse (<i>Labrus variegatus</i>); — so called on account of its brilliant colors. Called also <i>cook wrasse</i> and <i>cook</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Peacock pheasant</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>any one of several species of handsome Asiatic pheasants of the genus <i>Polyplectron</i>. They resemble the peacock in color.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pea"fowl`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Peacock</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The peacock or peahen; any species of Pavo.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pe"age</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Paage</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pea"grit`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Min.)</i> <def>A coarse pisolitic limestone. See <u>Pisolite</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pea"hen`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Peacock</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The hen or female peafowl.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pea"-jack`et</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Prob. fr. D. <i>pij</i>, <i>pije</i>, a coat of a coarse woolen stuff.] <def>A thick loose woolen jacket, or coat, much worn by sailors in cold weather.</def></p>

<p><hw>Peak</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>pek</i>, AS. <i>peac</i>, perh of Celtic origin; cf. Ir. <i>peac</i> a sharp- pointed thing. Cf. <u>Pike</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A point; the sharp end or top of anything that terminates in a point; as, the <i>peak</i>, or front, of a cap.</def> "Run your beard into a <i>peak</i>." <i>Beau. & Fl.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The top, or one of the tops, of a hill, mountain, or range, ending in a point; often, the whole hill or mountain, esp. when isolated; as, the <i>Peak</i> of Teneriffe.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Silent upon a <i>peak</i> in Darien.</blockquote> <i>Keats.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Naut.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The upper aftermost corner of a fore-and-aft sail; — used in many combinations; as, <i>peak</i>-halyards, <i>peak</i>-brails, etc.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The narrow part of a vessel's bow, or the hold within it.</def> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <def>The extremity of an anchor fluke; the bill.</def> [In the last sense written also <i>pea</i> and <i>pee</i>.]</p>

<p><col><b>Fore peak</b></col>. <i>(Naut.)</i> <cd>See under <u>Fore</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Peak</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Peaked</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Peaking</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To rise or extend into a peak or point; to form, or appear as, a peak.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>There <i>peaketh</i> up a mighty high mount.</blockquote> <i>Holand.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To acquire sharpness of figure or features; hence, to look thin or sicky.</def> "Dwindle, <i>peak</i>, and pine." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> [Cf. <u>Peek</u>.] <def>To pry; to peep slyly.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Peak arch</b></col> <i>(Arch.)</i>, <cd>a pointed or Gothic arch.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Peak</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>To raise to a position perpendicular, or more nearly so; as, to <i>peak</i> oars, to hold them upright; to <i>peak</i> a gaff or yard, to set it nearer the perpendicular.</def></p>

<p><hw>Peaked</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Pointed; ending in a point; as, a <i>peaked</i> roof.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Oftener &?;)</i> <def>Sickly; not robust.</def> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><! p. 1055 !></p>

<p><hw>Peak"ing</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Mean; sneaking.</def> [Vulgar]</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Pining; sickly; peakish.</def> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><hw>Peak"ish</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Of or relating to a peak; or to peaks; belonging to a mountainous region.</def> "Her <i>peakish</i> spring." <i>Drayton.</i> "His <i>peakish</i> dialect." <i>Bp. Hall.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Having peaks; peaked.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Having features thin or sharp, as from sickness; hence, sickly.</def> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><hw>Peak"y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Having a peak or peaks.</def> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Sickly; peaked.</def> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><hw>Peal</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Etymol. uncertain.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A small salmon; a grilse; a sewin.</def> [Prov. Eng.]</p>

<p><hw>Peal</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To appeal.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spencer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Peal</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [An abbrev. of F. <i>appel</i> a call, appeal, ruffle of a drum, fr. <i>appeller</i> to call, L. <i>appellare</i>. See <u>Appeal</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A loud sound, or a succession of loud sounds, as of bells, thunder, cannon, shouts, of a multitude, etc.</def> "A fair <i>peal</i> of artillery." <i>Hayward.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Whether those <i>peals</i> of praise be his or no.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>And a deep thunder, <i>peal</i> on <i>peal</i>, afar.</blockquote> <i>Byron.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A set of bells tuned to each other according to the diatonic scale; also, the changes rung on a set of bells.</def></p>

<p><col><b>To ring a peal</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Ring</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Peal</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Pealed</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Pealing</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To utter or give out loud sounds.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>There let the <i>pealing</i> organ blow.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To resound; to echo.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>And the whole air <i>pealed</i><BR> <i>With the cheers of our men</i>.</blockquote> <i>Longfellow.</i></p>

<p><hw>Peal</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To utter or give forth loudly; to cause to give out loud sounds; to noise abroad.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The warrior's name,<BR> Though <i>pealed</i> and chimed on all the tongues of fame.</blockquote> <i>J. Barlow.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To assail with noise or loud sounds.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Nor was his ear less <i>pealed</i>.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To pour out.</def> [Prov. Eng.] <i>Halliwell.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pean</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>pene</i>, F. <i>panne</i>.] <i>(Her.)</i> <def>One of the furs, the ground being <i>sable</i>, and the spots or tufts <i>or</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pe"an</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A song of praise and triumph. See <u>P&aelig;an</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pe"an*ism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to chant the p&aelig;an.] <def>The song or shout of praise, of battle, or of triumph.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Pea"nut</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The fruit of a trailing leguminous plant (<i>Arachis hypog&aelig;a</i>); also, the plant itself, which is widely cultivated for its fruit.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The fruit is a hard pod, usually containing two or three seeds, sometimes but one, which ripen beneath the soil. Called also <i>earthnut</i>, <i>groundnut</i>, and <i>goober</i>.</p>

<p><hw>Pear</hw> (p&acirc;r), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>pere</i>, AS. <i>peru</i>, L. <i>pirum</i>: cf. F. <i>poire</i>. Cf. <u>Perry</u>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The fleshy pome, or fruit, of a rosaceous tree (<i>Pyrus communis</i>), cultivated in many varieties in temperate climates; also, the tree which bears this fruit. See <i>Pear family</i>, below.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Pear blight</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <i>(Bot.)</i> <cd>A name of two distinct diseases of pear trees, both causing a destruction of the branches, viz., that caused by a minute insect (<i>Xyleborus pyri</i>), and that caused by the freezing of the sap in winter.</cd> <i>A. J. Downing.</i> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <cd>A very small beetle (<i>Xyleborus pyri</i>) whose larv&aelig; bore in the twigs of pear trees and cause them to wither.</cd> — <col><b>Pear family</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>a suborder of rosaceous plants (<i>Pome&aelig;</i>), characterized by the calyx tube becoming fleshy in fruit, and, combined with the ovaries, forming a pome. It includes the apple, pear, quince, service berry, and hawthorn.</cd> — <col><b>Pear gauge</b></col> <i>(Physics)</i>, <cd>a kind of gauge for measuring the exhaustion of an air-pump receiver; — so called because consisting in part of a pear-shaped glass vessel.</cd> — <col><b>Pear shell</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>any marine gastropod shell of the genus <i>Pyrula</i>, native of tropical seas; — so called from the shape.</cd> — <col><b>Pear slug</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the larva of a sawfly which is very injurious to the foliage of the pear tree.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pearch</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Obs.] <def>See <u>Perch</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pearl</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A fringe or border.</def> [Obs.] — <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To fringe; to border.</def> [Obs.] See <u>Purl</u>.</p>

<p><col><b>Pearl stitch</b></col>. <cd>See <i>Purl stitch</i>, under <u>Purl</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pearl</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>perle</i>, F. <i>perle</i>, LL. <i>perla</i>, <i>perula</i>, probably fr. (assumed) L. <i>pirulo</i>, dim. of L. <i>pirum</i> a pear. See <u>Pear</u>, and cf. <u>Purl</u> to mantle.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A shelly concretion, usually rounded, and having a brilliant luster, with varying tints, found in the mantle, or between the mantle and shell, of certain bivalve mollusks, especially in the pearl oysters and river mussels, and sometimes in certain univalves. It is usually due to a secretion of shelly substance around some irritating foreign particle. Its substance is the same as nacre, or mother-of- pearl. Pearls which are round, or nearly round, and of fine luster, are highly esteemed as jewels, and compare in value with the precious stones.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Hence, figuratively, something resembling a pearl; something very precious.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I see thee compassed with thy kingdom's <i>pearl</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>And those <i>pearls</i> of dew she wears.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Nacre, or mother-of-pearl.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A fish allied to the turbot; the brill.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A light-colored tern.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of the circle of tubercles which form the bur on a deer's antler.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <def>A whitish speck or film on the eye.</def> [Obs.] <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>8.</b></sn> <def>A capsule of gelatin or similar substance containing some liquid for medicinal application, as ether.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>9.</b></sn> <i>(Print.)</i> <def>A size of type, between agate and diamond.</def></p>

<p>&fist; <pearltype>This line is printed in the type called <i>pearl</i>.</pearltype></p>

<p><col><b>Ground pearl</b></col>. <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <cd>See under <u>Ground</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Pearl barley</b></col>, <cd>kernels of barley, ground so as to form small, round grains.</cd> — <col><b>Pearl diver</b></col>, <cd>one who dives for pearl oysters.</cd> — <col><b>Pearl edge</b></col>, <cd>an edge of small loops on the side of some kinds of ribbon; also, a narrow kind of thread edging to be sewed on lace.</cd> — <col><b>Pearl eye</b></col>, <cd>cataract.</cd> [R.] — <col><b>Pearl gray</b></col>, <cd>a very pale and delicate blue-gray color.</cd> — <col><b>Pearl millet</b></col>, <cd>Egyptian millet (<i>Penicillaria spicata</i>).</cd> — <col><b>Pearl moss</b></col>. <cd>See <u>Carrageen</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Pearl moth</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>any moth of the genus <i>Margaritia</i>; — so called on account of its pearly color.</cd> — <col><b>Pearl oyster</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>any one of several species of large tropical marine bivalve mollusks of the genus <i>Meleagrina</i>, or <i>Margaritifera</i>, found in the East Indies (especially at Ceylon), in the Persian Gulf, on the coast of Australia, and on the Pacific coast of America. Called also <i>pearl shell</i>, and <i>pearl mussel</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Pearl powder</b></col>. <cd>See <i>Pearl white</i>, below.</cd> — <col><b>Pearl sago</b></col>, <cd>sago in the form of small pearly grains.</cd> — <col><b>Pearl sinter</b></col> <i>(Min.)</i>, <cd>fiorite.</cd> — <col><b>Pearl spar</b></col> <i>(Min.)</i>, <cd>a crystallized variety of dolomite, having a pearly luster.</cd> — <col><b>Pearl white</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>Basic bismuth nitrate, or bismuth subchloride; — used chiefly as a cosmetic</cd>. <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>A variety of white lead blued with indigo or Berlin blue.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pearl</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to pearl or pearls; made of pearls, or of mother-of-pearl.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pearl</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To set or adorn with pearls, or with mother-of-pearl. Used also figuratively.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To cause to resemble pearls; to make into small round grains; as, to <i>pearl</i> barley.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pearl</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To resemble pearl or pearls.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To give or hunt for pearls; as, to go <i>pearling</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pearl*a"ceous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Resembling pearl or mother-of-pearl; pearly in quality or appearance.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pearl"ash`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A white amorphous or granular substance which consists principally of potassium carbonate, and has a strong alkaline reaction. It is obtained by lixiviating wood ashes, and evaporating the lye, and has been an important source of potassium compounds. It is used in making soap, glass, etc.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pearl"-eyed`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having a pearly speck in the eye; afflicted with the cataract.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pearl"fish`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any fish whose scales yield a pearl-like pigment used in manufacturing artificial pearls, as the bleak, and whitebait.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pearl"ins</hw> (?), <hw>Pearl"ings</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [Prob. a corruption of <i>purflings</i>. See <u>Purfle</u>.] <def>A kind of lace of silk or thread.</def> [Scot.] <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pearl"ite</hw> (?), <hw>Pearl"stone`</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Min.)</i> <def>A glassy volcanic rock of a grayish color and pearly luster, often having a spherulitic concretionary structure due to the curved cracks produced by contraction in cooling. See <i>Illust.</i> under <u>Perlitic</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pearl"wort`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A name given to several species of <i>Sagina</i>, low and inconspicuous herbs of the Chickweed family.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pearl"y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Containing pearls; abounding with, or yielding, pearls; as, <i>pearly</i> shells.</def> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Resembling pearl or pearls; clear; pure; transparent; iridescent; as, the <i>pearly</i> dew or flood.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pear"main</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The name of several kinds of apples; as, the blue <i>pearmain</i>, winter <i>pearmain</i>, and red <i>pearmain</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pear"-shaped`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of the form of a pear.</def></p>

<p><hw>Peart</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [A variant of <i>pert</i>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <def>Active; lively; brisk; smart; — often applied to convalescents; as, she is quite <i>peart</i> to-day.</def> [O. Eng. & Colloq. U. S.]</p>

<p><blockquote>There was a tricksy girl, I wot, albeit clad in
gray,<BR>
As <i>peart</i> as bird, as straight as bolt, as fresh as flowers in
May.</blockquote> <i>Warner (1592).</i></p>

<p><hw>Peas"ant</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>pa&iuml;sant</i> (the <i>i</i> being perh. due to confusion with the p. pr. of verbs), <i>pa&iuml;san</i>, F. <i>paysan</i>, fr. OF. & F. <i>pays</i> country, fr. L. <i>pagus</i> the country. See <u>Pagan</u>.] <def>A countryman; a rustic; especially, one of the lowest class of tillers of the soil in European countries.</def></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Countryman; rustic; swain; hind.</p>

<p><hw>Peas"ant</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Rustic, rural.</def> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Peas"ant*like`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Rude; clownish; illiterate.</def></p>

<p><hw>Peas"ant*ly</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Peasantlike.</def> [Obs.] <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Peas"ant*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Peasants, collectively; the body of rustics.</def> "A bold <i>peasantry</i>." <i>Goldsmith.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Rusticity; coarseness.</def> [Obs.] <i>p. Butler.</i></p>

<p><hw>Peas"cod`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The legume or pericarp, or the pod, of the pea.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pease</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; obs.<i>pl</i>. <plw><b>Peases</b></plw> (#), <plw><b>Peasen</b></plw> (#). [See <u>Pea</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A pea.</def> [Obs.] "A <i>peose</i>." "Bread . . . of beans and of <i>peses</i>." <i>Piers Plowman.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A plural form of <u>Pea</u>. See the Note under <u>Pea</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pea"stone`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Min.)</i> <def>Pisolite.</def></p>

<p><hw>Peas"weep`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [So called from its note.] [Prov. Eng.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The pewit, or lapwing.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The greenfinch.</def></p>

<p><hw>Peat</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. <u>Pet</u> a fondling.] <def>A small person; a pet; — sometimes used contemptuously.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Peat</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Prob. for <i>beat</i>, prop., material used to make the fire burn <i>better</i>, fr. AS. <i>b&?;tan</i> to better, mend (a fire), <i>b&?;t</i> advantage. See <u>Better</u>, <u>Boot</u> advantage.] <def>A substance of vegetable origin, consisting of roots and fibers, moss, etc., in various stages of decomposition, and found, as a kind of turf or bog, usually in low situations, where it is always more or less saturated with water. It is often dried and used for fuel.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Peat bog</b></col>, <cd>a bog containing peat; also, peat as it occurs in such places; peat moss.</cd> — <col><b>Peat moss</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>The plants which, when decomposed, become peat</cd>. <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>A fen producing peat</cd>. <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <i>(Bot.)</i> <cd>Moss of the genus <i>Sphagnum</i>, which often grows abundantly in boggy or peaty places.</cd> — <col><b>Peat reek</b></col>, <cd>the reek or smoke of peat; hence, also, the peculiar flavor given to whisky by being distilled with peat as fuel.</cd> [Scot.]</p>

<p><hw>Peat"y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Composed of peat; abounding in peat; resembling peat.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pe"ba</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. Pg. <i>peba</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>An armadillo (<i>Tatusia novemcincta</i>) which is found from Texas to Paraguay; — called also <i>tatouhou</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Peb"ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>papolst&amacr;n</i>; cf. L. <i>papula</i> pimple, mote. See <u>Stone</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A small roundish stone or bowlder; especially, a stone worn and rounded by the action of water; a pebblestone.</def> "The <i>pebbles</i> on the hungry beach." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>As children gathering <i>pebbles</i> on the shore.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Transparent and colorless rock crystal; as, Brazilian <i>pebble</i>; — so called by opticians.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Pebble powder</b></col>, <cd>slow-burning gunpowder, in large cubical grains.</cd> — <col><b>Scotch pebble</b></col>, <cd>varieties of quartz, as agate, chalcedony, etc., obtained from cavities in amygdaloid.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Peb"ble</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Pebbled</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Pebbling</u>.] <def>To grain (leather) so as to produce a surface covered with small rounded prominences.</def></p>

<p><hw>Peb"bled</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Abounding in pebbles.</def> <i>Thomson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Peb"ble*stone`</hw> (?). <def>A pebble; also, pebbles collectively.</def> "Chains of <i>pebblestone</i>." <i>Marlowe.</i></p>

<p><hw>Peb"bly</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Full of pebbles; pebbled.</def> "A hard, <i>pebbly</i> bottom." <i>Johnson.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Pe`brine"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F.] <def>An epidemic disease of the silkworm, characterized by the presence of minute vibratory corpuscles in the blood.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pe*can"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>pacane</i> the nut.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A species of hickory (<i>Carya oliv&aelig;formis</i>), growing in North America, chiefly in the Mississippi valley and in Texas, where it is one of the largest of forest trees; also, its fruit, a smooth, oblong nut, an inch or an inch and a half long, with a thin shell and well-flavored meat.</def> [Written also <i>pacane</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Pec"a*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>See <u>Peccary</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pec`ca*bil"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The state or quality of being peccable; lability to sin.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The common <i>peccability</i> of mankind.</blockquote> <i>Dr. H. More.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pec"ca*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>peccable</i>. See <u>Peccant</u>.] <def>Liable to sin; subject to transgress the divine law.</def> "A frail and <i>peccable</i> mortal." <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pec`ca*dil"lo</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Peccadillos</b></plw> (#). [Sp. <i>pecadillo</i>, dim. of <i>pecado</i> a sin, fr. L. <i>peccatum</i>. See <u>Peccant</u>.] <def>A slight trespass or offense; a petty crime or fault.</def> <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pec"can*cy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>peccantia</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The quality or state of being peccant.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A sin; an offense.</def> <i>W. Montagu.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pec"cant</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>peccans</i>, <i>-antis</i>, p. pr. of <i>peccare</i> to sin: cf. F. <i>peccant</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Sinning; guilty of transgression; criminal; as, <i>peccant</i> angels.</def> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Morbid; corrupt; as, <i>peccant</i> humors.</def> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Wrong; defective; faulty.</def> [R.] <i>Ayliffe.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pec"cant</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>An offender.</def> [Obs.] <i>Whitlock.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pec"cant*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a peccant manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pec"ca*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Peccaries</b></plw> (#). [From the native South American name: cf. F. <i>p&eacute;cari</i>, Sp. <i>pecar</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A pachyderm of the genus <i>Dicotyles</i>.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The collared peccary, or tajacu (<i>Dicotyles torquatus</i>), is about the size and shape of a small hog, and has a white ring aroung the neck. It ranges from Arkansas to Brazil. A larger species (<i>D. labiatus</i>), with white cheeks, is found in South America.</p>

<p><hw>||Pec*ca"vi</hw> (?). [L.] <def>I have sinned; — used colloquially to express confession or acknowledgment of an offense.</def> <i>Aubrey.</i> </p>

<p><hw>Pec"co</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Pekoe</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Peck</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Perh. akin to <i>pack</i>; or, orig., an indefinite quantity, and fr. <i>peck</i>, v. (below): cf. also F. <i>picotin</i> a peak.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The fourth part of a bushel; a dry measure of eight quarts; as, a <i>peck</i> of wheat.</def> "A <i>peck</i> of provender." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A great deal; a large or excessive quantity.</def> "A <i>peck</i> of uncertainties and doubts." <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Peck</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Pecked</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Pecking</u>.] [See <u>Pick</u>, <pos><i>v.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To strike with the beak; to thrust the beak into; as, a bird <i>pecks</i> a tree.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Hence: To strike, pick, thrust against, or dig into, with a pointed instrument; especially, to strike, pick, etc., with repeated quick movements.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To seize and pick up with the beak, or as with the beak; to bite; to eat; — often with <i>up</i>.</def> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>This fellow <i>pecks</i> up wit as pigeons peas.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To make, by striking with the beak or a pointed instrument; as, to <i>peck</i> a hole in a tree.</def></p>

<p><hw>Peck</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To make strokes with the beak, or with a pointed instrument.</def> <i>Carew.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To pick up food with the beak; hence, to eat.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>[The hen] went <i>pecking</i> by his side.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><col><b>To peck at</b></col>, <cd>to attack with petty and repeated blows; to carp at; to nag; to tease.</cd></p>

<p><! p. 1056 !></p>

<p><hw>Peck</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A quick, sharp stroke, as with the beak of a bird or a pointed instrument.</def></p>

<p><hw>Peck"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who, or that which, pecks; specif., a bird that pecks holes in trees; a woodpecker.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>An instrument for pecking; a pick.</def> <i>Garth.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Flower pecker</b></col>. <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <cd>See under <u>Flower</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Peck"ish</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Inclined to eat; hungry.</def> [Colloq.] "When shall I feel <i>peckish</i> again?" <i>Beaconsfield.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pec"kled</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Speckled; spotted.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>||Pe*cop"te*ris</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?; to comb + &?; a kind of fern.] <i>(Paleon.)</i> <def>An extensive genus of fossil ferns; — so named from the regular comblike arrangement of the leaflets.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pec"o*ra</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr. L. <i>pecus</i>. See <u>Pecuniary</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>An extensive division of ruminants, including the antelopes, deer, and cattle.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pec"tate</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A salt of pectic acid.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pec"ten</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>pecten</i>, <i>- inis</i>, a comb, a kind of shellfish. See <u>Pectinate</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Anat.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A vascular pigmented membrane projecting into the vitreous humor within the globe of the eye in birds, and in many reptiles and fishes; — also called <i>marsupium</i>.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The pubic bone.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any species of bivalve mollusks of the genus <i>Pecten</i>, and numerous allied genera (family <i>Pectinid&aelig;</i>); a scallop. See <u>Scallop</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The comb of a scorpion. See <u>Comb</u>, 4 <sd><i>(b)</i></sd>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pec"tic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; curdled.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to pectin; specifically, designating an acid obtained from ordinary vegetable jelly (pectin) as an amorphous substance, tough and horny when dry, but gelatinous when moist.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pec"tin</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; curdled, congealed, from &?; to make fast or stiff: cf. F. <i>pectine</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>One of a series of carbohydrates, commonly called <i>vegetable jelly</i>, found very widely distributed in the vegetable kingdom, especially in ripe fleshy fruits, as apples, cranberries, etc. It is extracted as variously colored, translucent substances, which are soluble in hot water but become viscous on cooling.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pec"ti*nal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>pecten</i> comb. See <u>Pectinate</u>.] <def>Of or pertaining to a comb; resembling a comb.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pec"ti*nal</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A fish whose bone&?; resemble comb teeth.</def> <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pec"ti*na`te</hw> (?), <hw>Pec"ti*na`ted</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>pectinatus</i>, p. pr. of <i>pectinare</i> to comb, from <i>pecten</i>, <i>-inis</i>, a comb; cf. Gr. &?; to comb, AS. <i>feax</i> hair, OHG. <i>fahs</i>, E. <i>paxwax</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Resembling the teeth of a comb.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Nat. Hist.)</i> <def>Having very narrow, close divisions, in arrangement and regularity resembling those of a comb; comblike; as, a <i>pectinate</i> leaf; <i>pectinated</i> muscles. See <i>Illust.</i> <sd><i>(e)</i></sd> of <u>Antenn&aelig;</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Interlaced, like two combs.</def> [R.] "Our fingers <i>pectinated</i>, or shut together." <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Pectinate claw</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a claw having a serrate edge, found in some birds, and supposed to be used in cleaning the feathers.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pec"ti*nate*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a pectinate manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pec`ti*na"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The state of being pectinated; that which is pectinated.</def> <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The act of combing; the combing of the head.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Nat. Hist.)</i> <def>Comblike toothing.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pec*tin"e*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See <u>Pecten</u>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>Of or pertaining to the pecten.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>Relating to, or connected with, the pubic bone.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pec*tin"i*branch</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of the Pectinibranchiata. Also used adjectively.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pec`ti*ni*bran`chi*a"ta</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Pecten</u>, and <u>Branchia</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A division of Gastropoda, including those that have a comblike gill upon the neck.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pec`ti*ni*bran"chi*ate</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>pecten</i>, <i>-inis</i>, a comb + E. <i>branchiate</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Having pectinated gills.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pec*tin"i*form</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Comblike in form.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pec*tize"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; solid.] <def>To congeal; to change into a gelatinous mass.</def> [R.] <i>H. Spencer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pec"to*lite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>pecten</i> a comb + <i>-lite</i>.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>A whitish mineral occurring in radiated or fibrous crystalline masses. It is a hydrous silicate of lime and soda.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pec"to*ral</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>pectoralis</i>, fr. <i>pectus</i>, <i>-oris</i> the breast; cf. F. <i>pectoral</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Of or pertaining to the breast, or chest; as, the <i>pectoral</i> muscles.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Relating to, or good for, diseases of the chest or lungs; as, a <i>pectoral</i> remedy.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Having the breast conspicuously colored; as, the <i>pectoral</i> sandpiper.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Pectoral arch</b></col>, or <col><b>Pectoral girdle</b></col> <i>(Anat.)</i>, <cd>the two or more bony or cartilaginous pieces of the vertebrate skeleton to which the fore limbs are articulated; the shoulder girdle. In man it consists of two bones, the scapula and clavicle, on each side.</cd> — <col><b>Pectorial cross</b></col> <i>(Eccl.)</i>, <cd>a cross worn on the breast by bishops and abbots, and sometimes also by canons.</cd> - - <col><b>Pectorial</b></col> fins, or <col><b>Pectorials</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>fins situated on the sides, behind the gills. See <i>Illust.</i> under <u>Fin</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Pectorial rail</b></col>. <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <cd>See <i>Land rail</i> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> under <u>Land</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Pectorial sandpiper</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the jacksnipe <sd><i>(b)</i></sd>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pec"to*ral</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>pectorale</i> a breastplate, neut. of <i>pectorials</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A covering or protecting for the breast.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Eccl.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A breastplate, esp. that worn by the Jewish high person.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A clasp or a cross worn on the breast.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A medicine for diseases of the chest organs, especially the lungs.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pec"to*ral*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>As connected with the breast.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pec`to*ri*lo"qui*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>pectoriloque</i>.] <def>Pertaining to, or of the nature of, pectoriloquy.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pec`to*ril"o*quism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Pectoriloquy.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pec`to*ril"o*quous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pectoriloquial.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pec`to*ril"o*quy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>pectus</i>, <i>-oris</i>, the breast + <i>loqui</i> to speak: cf. F. <i>pectoriloquie</i>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>The distinct articulation of the sounds of a patient's voice, heard on applying the ear to the chest in auscultation. It usually indicates some morbid change in the lungs or pleural cavity.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pec"tose`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Pect</i>ic + cellul<i>ose</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>An amorphous carbohydrate found in the vegetable kingdom, esp. in unripe fruits. It is associated with cellulose, and is converted into substances of the pectin group.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pec*to"sic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i><def>Of, pertaining to, resembling, or derived from, pectose; specifically, designating an acid supposed to constitute largely ordinary pectin or vegetable jelly.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pec*tos"tra*ca</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?; fixed + &?; shell of a testacean.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A degenerate order of Crustacea, including the Rhizocephala and Cirripedia.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pec"tous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Of, pertaining to, or consisting of, pectose.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pec"tus</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Pectora</b></plw> (#). [L., the breast.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The breast of a bird.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pec"ul</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Picul</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pec"u*late</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Peculated</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Peculating</u>.] [L. <i>peculatus</i>, p. p. of <i>peculari</i> to peculate, akin to <i>peculium</i> private property. See <u>Peculiar</u>.] <def>To appropriate to one's own use the property of the public; to steal public moneys intrusted to one's care; to embezzle.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>An oppressive, . . . rapacious, and <i>peculating</i> despotism.</blockquote> <i>Burke.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pec`u*la"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The act or practice of peculating, or of defrauding the public by appropriating to one's own use the money or goods intrusted to one's care for management or disbursement; embezzlement.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Every British subject . . . active in the discovery of <i>peculations</i> has been ruined.</blockquote> <i>Burke.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pec"u*la`tor</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L.] <def>One who peculates.</def> "<i>Peculators</i> of the public gold." <i>Cowper.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pe*cul"iar</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>peculiaris</i>, fr. <i>peculium</i> private property, akin to <i>pecunia</i> money: cf. OF. <i>peculier</i>. See <u>Pecuniary</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One's own; belonging solely or especially to an individual; not possessed by others; of private, personal, or characteristic possession and use; not owned in common or in participation.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>And purify unto himself a <i>peculiar</i> people.</blockquote> <i>Titus ii. 14.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Hymns . . . that Christianity hath <i>peculiar</i> unto itself.</blockquote> <i>Hooker.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Particular; individual; special; appropriate.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>While each <i>peculiar</i> power forgoes his wonted seat.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>My fate is Juno's most <i>peculiar</i> care.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Unusual; singular; rare; strange; as, the sky had a <i>peculiar</i>appearance.</def></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — <u>Peculiar</u>, <u>Special</u>, <u>Especial</u>. <i>Peculiar</i> is from the Roman <i>peculium</i>, which was a thing emphatically and distinctively one's own, and hence was dear. The former sense always belongs to <i>peculiar</i> (as, a <i>peculiar</i> style, <i>peculiar</i> manners, etc.), and usually so much of the latter as to involve feelings of interest; as, <i>peculiar</i> care, watchfulness, satisfaction, etc. Nothing of this kind belongs to <i>special</i> and <i>especial</i>. They mark simply the relation of <i>species</i> to <i>genus</i>, and denote that there is something in this case more than ordinary; as, a <i>special</i> act of Congress; <i>especial</i> pains, etc.</p>

<p><blockquote>Beauty, which, either walking or asleep,<BR> Shot forth <i>peculiar</i> graces.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>For naught so vile that on the earth doth live,<BR> But to the earth some <i>special</i> good doth give.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pe*cul"iar</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>That which is peculiar; a sole or exclusive property; a prerogative; a characteristic.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Revenge is . . . the <i>peculiar</i> of Heaven.</blockquote> <i>South.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Eng. Canon Law)</i> <def>A particular parish or church which is exempt from the jurisdiction of the ordinary.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Court of Peculiars</b></col> <i>(Eng. Law)</i>, <cd>a branch of the Court of Arches having cognizance of the affairs of peculiars.</cd> <i>Blackstone.</i> — <col><b>Dean of peculiars</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Dean</u>, 1.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pe*cul`iar"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Peculiarities</b></plw> (&?;). <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The quality or state of being peculiar; individuality; singularity.</def> <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>That which is peculiar; a special and distinctive characteristic or habit; particularity.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The smallest <i>peculiarity</i> of temper on manner.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Exclusive possession or right.</def> [Obs.] <i>Bp. Hall.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pe*cul"iar*ize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Pecularized</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Pecularizing</u> (?).] <def>To make peculiar; to set appart or assign, as an exclusive possession.</def> [R.] <i>Dr. John Smith.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pe*cul"iar*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a peculiar manner; particulary; in a rare and striking degree; unusually.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pe*cul"iar*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality or state of being peculiar; peculiarity.</def> <i>Mede.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Pe*cu"li*um</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. See <u>Peculiar</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Rom. Law)</i> <def>The saving of a son or a slave with the father's or master's consent; a little property or stock of one's own; any exclusive personal or separate property.</def> <i>Burrill.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A special fund for private and personal uses.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A slight <i>peculium</i> only subtracted to supply his snuff box and tobacco pouch.</blockquote> <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pe*cu"ni*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pecuniary.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pe*cun"ia*ri*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a pecuniary manner; as regards money.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pe*cun"ia*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>pecuniarius</i>, fr. <i>pecunia</i> money, orig., property in cattle, fr. <i>pecus</i> cattle: cf. F. <i>p&eacute;cuniaire</i>. See <u>Fee</u>, and cf. <u>Peculiar</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Relating to money; monetary; as, a <i>pecuniary</i> penalty; a <i>pecuniary</i> reward.</def> <i>Burke.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pe*cu"ni*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>pecuniosus</i>, fr. <i>pecunia</i>: cf. F. <i>p&eacute;cunieux</i>.] <def>Abounding in money; wealthy; rich.</def> [Obs.] <i>Sherwood.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ped</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. See <u>Peddler</u>.] <def>A basket; a hammer; a pannier.</def> [Obs.] <i>Halliwell.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ped"age</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [LL. <i>pedagium</i>, for <i>pedaticum</i>. See <u>Paage</u>.] <def>A toll or tax paid by passengers, entitling them to safe-conduct and protection.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spelman.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ped"a*gog</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Pedagogue.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ped`a*gog"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From <u>Pedagogic</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>; cf. G. <i>pedagogik</i>.] <def>See <u>Pedagogics</u>.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Ped`a*gog"ic</hw> (?), <hw>Ped`a*gog"ic*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;: cf. F. <i>p&eacute;dagogique</i>. See <u>Pedagogue</u>.] <def>Of or pertaining to a pedagogue; suited to, or characteristic of, a pedagogue.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ped`a*gog"ics</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The science or art of teaching; the principles and rules of teaching; pedagogy.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ped"a*gog*ism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>p&eacute;dagogisme</i>.] <def>The system, occupation, character, or manner of pedagogues.</def> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Avocation of pedantry and <i>pedagogism</i>.</blockquote> <i>De Foe.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ped"a*gogue</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>p&eacute;dagogue</i>, L. <i>paedagogus</i>, Gr. &?;; <grk>pai^s</grk>, <grk>paido`s</grk>, a boy + &?; to lead, guide; cf. &?; leading. See <u>Page</u> a servant, <u>Agent</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Gr. Antiq.)</i> <def>A slave who led his master's children to school, and had the charge of them generally.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A teacher of children; one whose occupation is to teach the young; a schoolmaster.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>One who by teaching has become formal, positive, or pedantic in his ways; one who has the manner of a schoolmaster; a pedant.</def> <i>Goldsmith.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ped"a*gogue</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [Cf. L. <i>paedagogare</i> to instruct.] <def>To play the pedagogue toward.</def> [Obs.] <i>Prior.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ped"a*go`gy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;: cf. F. <i>p&eacute;dagogie</i>.] <def>Pedagogics; pedagogism.</def> <i>South.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pe"dal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>pedalis</i>, fr. <i>pes</i>, <i>pedis</i>, foot. See <u>Foot</u>, and cf. <u>Pew</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Of or pertaining to the foot, or to feet, literally or figuratively; specifically <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, pertaining to the foot of a mollusk; as, the <i>pedal</i> ganglion.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> (&?;) <def>Of or pertaining to a pedal; having pedals.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Pedal curve</b></col> or <col><b>surface</b></col> <i>(Geom.)</i>, <cd>the curve or surface which is the locus of the feet of perpendiculars let fall from a fixed point upon the straight lines tangent to a given curve, or upon the planes tangent to a given surface.</cd> — <col><b>Pedal note</b></col> <i>(Mus.)</i>, <cd>the note which is held or sustained through an organ point. See <i>Organ point</i>, under <u>Organ</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Pedal organ</b></col> <i>(Mus.)</i>, <cd>an organ which has pedals or a range of keys moved by the feet; that portion of a full organ which is played with the feet.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pe"dal</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>p&eacute;dale</i>, It. <i>pedale</i>. See <u>Pedal</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Mech.)</i> <def>A lever or key acted on by the foot, as in the pianoforte to raise the dampers, or in the organ to open and close certain pipes; a treadle, as in a lathe or a bicycle.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Geom.)</i> <def>A pedal curve or surface.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pe*da"li*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Relating to the foot, or to a metrical foot; pedal.</def> [R.] <i>Maunder.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pe*dal"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The act of measuring by paces.</def> [R.] <i>Ash.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pe*da"ne*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>pedaneus</i> of the size of a foot.] <def>Going on foot; pedestrian.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Ped"ant</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>p&eacute;dant</i>, It. <i>pedante</i>, fr. Gr. &?; to instruct, from <grk>pai^s</grk> boy. See <u>Pedagogue</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A schoolmaster; a pedagogue.</def> [Obs.] <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>A <i>pedant</i> that keeps a school i'th' church.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>One who puts on an air of learning; one who makes a vain display of learning; a pretender to superior knowledge.</def> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>A scholar, yet surely no <i>pedant</i>, was he.</blockquote> <i>Goldsmith.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pe*dan"tic</hw> (?), <hw>Pe*dan"tic*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to a pedant; characteristic of, or resembling, a pedant; ostentatious of learning; as, a <i>pedantic</i> writer; a <i>pedantic</i> description; a <i>pedantical</i> affectation.</def> "Figures <i>pedantical</i>." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pe*dan"tic*al*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a pedantic manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pe*dan"tic*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>Pedantically.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Ped"ant*ism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The office, disposition, or act of a pedant; pedantry.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Ped"ant*ize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>p&eacute;dantiser</i>.] <def>To play the pedant; to use pedantic expressions.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Ped`an*toc"ra*cy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Pedant</i> + demo<i>cracy</i>.] <def>The sway of pedants.</def> [R.] <i>J. S. Mill.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ped"ant*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>p&eacute;danterie</i>.] <def>The act, character, or manners of a pedant; vain ostentation of learning.</def> "This <i>pedantry</i> of quotation." <i>Cowley.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>'T is a practice that savors much of <i>pedantry</i>.</blockquote> <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ped"ant*y</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>An assembly or clique of pedants.</def> [Obs.] <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pe*da"ri*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>pedarius</i>, fr. <i>pedarius</i> belonging to the foot, fr. <i>pes</i>, <i>pedis</i>, foot.] <i>(Rom. Antiq.)</i> <def>One of a class eligible to the office of senator, but not yet chosen, who could sit and speak in the senate, but could not vote; — so called because he might indicate his opinion by walking over to the side of the party he favored when a vote was taken.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ped"a*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Pedaries</b></plw> (#). [L. <i>pedarius</i> of the foot.] <def>A sandal.</def> [Obs.] <i>Latimer.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Pe*da"ta</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Pedate</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>An order of holothurians, including those that have ambulacral suckers, or feet, and an internal gill.</def></p>

<p><! p. 1057 !></p>

<p><hw>Ped"ate</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>pedatus</i>, p. p. of <i>pedare</i> to furnish with feet, fr. <i>pes</i>, <i>pedis</i>, a foot.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Palmate, with the lateral lobes cleft into two or more segments; — said of a leaf.</def> — <wf>Ped"ate*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Pe*dat"i*fid</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Pedate</i> + root of L. <i>findere</i> to split.] [Colloq.] <def>Cleft in a pedate manner, but having the lobes distinctly connected at the base; — said of a leaf.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ped"dle</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [From <u>Peddler</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To travel about with wares for sale; to go from place to place, or from house to house, for the purpose of retailing goods; as, to <i>peddle</i> without a license.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To do a small business; to be busy about trifles; to piddle.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ped"dle</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Peddled</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Peddling</u> (?).] <def>To sell from place to place; to retail by carrying around from customer to customer; to hawk; hence, to retail in very small quantities; as, to <i>peddle</i> vegetables or tinware.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ped"dler</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>pedlere</i>, <i>pedlare</i>, also <i>peddare</i>, <i>peoddare</i>, fr. OE. <i>ped</i> a basket, of unknown origin.] <def>One who peddles; a traveling trader; one who travels about, retailing small wares; a hawker.</def> [Written also <i>pedlar</i> and <i>pedler</i>.] "Some vagabond huckster or <i>peddler</i>." <i>Hakluyt.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ped"dler*y</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Written also <i>pedlary</i> and <i>pedlery</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The trade, or the goods, of a peddler; hawking; small retail business, like that of a peddler.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Trifling; trickery.</def> [Obs.] "Look . . . into these their deceitful <i>peddleries</i>." <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ped"dling</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Hawking; acting as a peddler.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Petty; insignificant.</def> "The miserable remains of a <i>peddling</i> commerce." <i>Burke.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ped"er*ast</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>paiderasth`s</grk>; <grk>pai^s</grk>, <grk>paido`s</grk>, a boy + <grk>'era^n</grk> to love: cf. F. <i>p&eacute;d&eacute;raste</i>.] <def>One guilty of pederasty; a sodomite.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ped`er*as"tic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>paiderastiko`s</grk>.] <def>Of or pertaining to pederasty.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ped"er*as`ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>paiderasti`a</grk>: cf. F. <i>p&eacute;d&eacute;rastie</i>.] <def>The crime against nature; sodomy.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ped`e*re"ro</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Sp. <i>pedrero</i>, fr. OSp. <i>pedra</i>, Sp. <i>piedra</i>, a stone, L. <i>petra</i>, fr. Gr. &?;. So named because it was at first charged with stones.] <i>(Mil.)</i> <def>A term formerly applied to a short piece of chambered ordnance.</def> [Written also <i>paterero</i> and <i>peterero</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>||Pe*de"sis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., from Gr. &?; a leaping.] <def>Same as <i>Brownian movement</i>, under <u>Brownian</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ped"es*tal</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Sp. <i>pedestal</i>; cf. F. <i>pi&eacute;destal</i>, It. <i>piedestallo</i>; fr. L. <i>es</i>, <i>pedis</i>, foot + OHG. <i>stal</i> standing place, station, place, akin to E. <i>stall</i>. See <u>Foot</u>, and <u>Stall</u>, and <u>Footstall</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>The base or foot of a column, statue, vase, lamp, or the like; the part on which an upright work stands. It consists of three parts, the base, the die or dado, and the cornice or surbase molding. See <i>Illust.</i> of <u>Column</u>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Build him a <i>pedestal</i>, and say, "Stand there!"</blockquote> <i>Cowper.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <i>(Railroad Cars)</i> <def>A casting secured to the frame of a truck and forming a jaw for holding a journal box.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <i>(Mach.)</i> <def>A pillow block; a low housing.</def> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <i>(Bridge Building)</i> <def>An iron socket, or support, for the foot of a brace at the end of a truss where it rests on a pier.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Pedestal coil</b></col> <i>(steam Heating)</i>, <cd>a group of connected straight pipes arranged side by side and one above another, — used in a radiator.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Ped"es*taled</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Placed on, or supported by, a pedestal; figuratively, exalted.</def> <i>Hawthorne.</i></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Pedestaled</i> haply in a palace court.</blockquote> <i>Keats.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pe*des"tri*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>pedester</i>, <i>-esteris</i>, fr. <i>pes</i>, <i>pedis</i>, a foot: cf. F. <i>p&eacute;destere</i>. See <u>Pedal</u>.] <def>Of or pertaining to the feet; employing the foot or feet.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pe*des"tri*al*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a pedestrial manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pe*des"tri*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Going on foot; performed on foot; as, a <i>pedestrian</i> journey.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pe*des"tri*an</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A walker; one who journeys on foot; a foot traveler; specif., a professional walker or runner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pe*des"tri*an*ism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The act, art, or practice of a pedestrian; walking or running; traveling or racing on foot.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pe*des"tri*an*ize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Pedestrianized</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Pedestrianizing</u>.] <def>To practice walking; to travel on foot.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pe*des"tri*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Going on foot; not winged.</def> [Obs.] "<i>Pedestrious</i> animals." <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ped`e*ten"tous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>pes</i>, <i>pedis</i>, foot + <i>tendere</i> to stretch out: cf. L. <i>tentim</i> by degrees.] <def>Proceeding step by step; advancing cautiously.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>That <i>pedetentous</i> pace and <i>pedetentous</i> mind in which it behooves the wise and virtuous improver to walk.</blockquote> <i>Sydney Smith.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Ped"i-</hw> (?), <hw>Ped"o-</hw> (?) }. [See <u>Foot</u>.] <def>Combining forms from L. <i>pes</i>, <i>pedis</i>, foot, as <i>pedi</i>palp, <i>pedi</i>reme, <i>pedo</i>meter.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pe"di*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pertaining to the foot, or to any organ called a foot; pedal.</def> <i>Dana.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ped"i*cel</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>p&eacute;dicelle</i>. See <u>Pedicle</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A stalk which supports one flower or fruit, whether solitary or one of many ultimate divisions of a common peduncle. See <u>Peduncle</u>, and <i>Illust.</i> of <u>Flower</u>.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A slender support of any special organ, as that of a capsule in mosses, an air vesicle in alg&aelig;, or a sporangium in ferns.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A slender stem by which certain of the lower animals or their eggs are attached. See <i>Illust.</i> of <u>Aphis lion</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Anat.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The ventral part of each side of the neural arch connecting with the centrum of a vertebra.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>An outgrowth of the frontal bones, which supports the antlers or horns in deer and allied animals.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ped"i*celed</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pedicellate.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Ped`i*cel*la"ri*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Pedicellari&aelig;</b></plw> (#). [NL. See <u>Pedicel</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A peculiar forcepslike organ which occurs in large numbers upon starfishes and echini. Those of starfishes have two movable jaws, or blades, and are usually nearly, or quite, sessile; those of echini usually have three jaws and a pedicel. See <i>Illustration</i> in Appendix.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ped"i*cel`late</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having a pedicel; supported by a pedicel.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Ped`i*cel*li"na</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Pedicel</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A genus of Bryozoa, of the order Entoprocta, having a bell-shaped body supported on a slender pedicel. See <i>Illust.</i> under <u>Entoprocta</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ped"i*cle</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>pediculus</i> a little foot, dim. of <i>pes</i> foot: cf. F. <i>p&eacute;dicule</i>. See <u>edal</u>, and cf. <u>Pedicel</u>.] <def>Same as <u>Pedicel</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pe*dic"u*lar</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>pedicularis</i>, fr. <i>pediculus</i> a louse: cf. F. <i>p&eacute;diculaire</i>.] <def>Of or pertaining to lice; having the lousy distemper (phthiriasis); lousy.</def> <i>Southey.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pe*dic"u*late</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to the Pediculati.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pe*dic`u*la"ti</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Pedicle</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>An order of fishes including the anglers. See <i>Illust.</i> of <u>Angler</u> and <u>Batfish</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pe*dic`u*la"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Phthiriasis.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ped"i*cule</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Pedicle</u>.] <def>A pedicel.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pe*dic`u*li"na</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Pediculus</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A division of parasitic hemipterous insects, including the true lice. See <i>Illust.</i> in Appendix.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pe*dic"u*lous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>pediculosus</i>.] <def>Pedicular.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pe*dic"u*lus</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Pediculi</b></plw> (#). [L., a louse.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A genus of wingless parasitic Hemiptera, including the common lice of man. See <u>Louse</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ped"i*form</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Pedi-</i> + <i>- form</i>.] <def>Shaped like a foot.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pe*dig"er*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Pedi-</i> + <i>-gerous</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Bearing or having feet or legs.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ped"i*gree</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Of unknown origin; possibly fr. F. <i>par degr&eacute;s</i> by degrees, — for a pedigree is properly a genealogical table which records the relationship of families <i>by degrees</i>; or, perh., fr. F. <i>pied de grue</i> crane's foot, from the shape of the heraldic genealogical trees.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A line of ancestors; descent; lineage; genealogy; a register or record of a line of ancestors.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Alterations of surnames . . . have obscured the truth of our <i>pedigrees</i>.</blockquote> <i>Camden.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>His vanity labored to contrive us a <i>pedigree</i>.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>I am no herald to inquire of men's <i>pedigrees</i>.</blockquote> <i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The Jews preserved the <i>pedigrees</i> of their tribes.</blockquote> <i>Atterbury.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Stock Breeding)</i> <def>A record of the lineage or strain of an animal, as of a horse.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ped"i*lu`vy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Pedi-</i> + L. <i>luere</i> to wash: cf. It. & Sp. <i>pediluvio</i>, F. <i>p&eacute;diluve</i>.] <def>The bathing of the feet, a bath for the feet.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>||Pe*dim"a*na</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr. L. <i>pes</i>, <i>pedis</i>, foot + <i>manus</i> hand.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A division of marsupials, including the opossums.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ped"i*mane</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>p&eacute;dimane</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A pedimanous marsupial; an opossum.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pe*dim"a*nous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See <u>Pedimana</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Having feet resembling hands, or with the first toe opposable, as the opossums and monkeys.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ped"i*ment</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>pes</i>, <i>pedis</i>, a foot. See <u>Foot</u>.] <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>Originally, in classical architecture, the triangular space forming the gable of a simple roof; hence, a similar form used as a decoration over porticoes, doors, windows, etc.; also, a rounded or broken frontal having a similar position and use. See <u>Temple</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ped`i*men"tal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to a pediment.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ped"i*palp</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>p&eacute;dipalpe</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of the Pedipalpi.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Ped`i*pal"pi</hw> (?), <pos><i>n pl.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Pedipalpus</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A division of Arachnida, including the whip scorpions (<i>Thelyphonus</i>) and allied forms. Sometimes used in a wider sense to include also the true scorpions.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ped`i*pal"pous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Pertaining to, or resembling, the pedipalps.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ped`i*pal"pus</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Pedipalpi</b></plw> (#). [NL. See <u>Pes</u>, and <u>Palpus</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of the second pair of mouth organs of arachnids. In some they are leglike, but in others, as the scorpion, they terminate in a claw.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ped"i*reme</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Pedi-</i> + L. <i>remus</i> oar.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A crustacean, some of whose feet serve as oars.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Ped"lar</hw>, <hw>Ped"ler</hw> } (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Peddler</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pe`do*bap"tism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;, &?;, a child + E. <i>baptism</i>.] <def>The baptism of infants or of small children.</def> [Written also <i>p&aelig;dobaptism</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Pe`do*bap"tist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who advocates or practices infant baptism.</def> [Written also <i>p&aelig;dobaptist</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Ped"o*man`cy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Pedi-</i> + <i>-mancy</i>.] <def>Divination by examining the soles of the feet.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pe*dom"e*ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Pedi-</i>, <i>pedo-</i> + <i>-meter</i>: cf. F. <i>p&eacute;dom&egrave;tre</i>.] <i>(Mech.)</i> <def>An instrument for including the number of steps in walking, and so ascertaining the distance passed over. It is usually in the form of a watch; an oscillating weight by the motion of the body causes the index to advance a certain distance at each step.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Ped`o*met"ric</hw> (?), <hw>Ped`o*met"ric*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pertaining to, or measured by, a pedometer.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ped`o*mo"tive</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Pedi-</i>, <i>pedo-</i> + <i>-motive</i>.] <def>Moved or worked by the action of the foot or feet on a pedal or treadle.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pe*dot"ro*phy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;, fr. &?;, &?;, a child + &?; to nourish: cf. F. <i>p&eacute;dotrophie</i>.] <def>The art of nourishing children properly.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pe`dre*gal"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Sp., a stony place, fr. <i>piedra</i> stone.] <def>A lava field.</def> [Mexico & Western U.S.]</p>

<p><hw>Pe*dun"cle</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Formed fr. (assumed) L. <i>pedunculus</i>, dim. of <i>pes</i>, <i>pedis</i>, a foot: cf. F. <i>p&eacute;doncule</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The stem or stalk that supports the flower or fruit of a plant, or a cluster of flowers or fruits.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The ultimate divisions or branches of a peduncle are called <i>pedicels</i>. In the case of a solitary flower, the stalk would be called a <i>peduncle</i> if the flower is large, and a <i>pedicel</i> if it is small or delicate.</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A sort of stem by which certain shells and barnacles are attached to other objects. See <i>Illust.</i> of <u>Barnacle</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>A band of nervous or fibrous matter connecting different parts of the brain; as, the <i>peduncles</i> of the cerebellum; the <i>peduncles</i> of the pineal gland.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pe*dun"cled</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having a peduncle; supported on a peduncle; pedunculate.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pe*dun"cu*lar</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>p&eacute;donculaire</i>.] <def>Of or pertaining to a peduncle; growing from a peduncle; as, a <i>peduncular</i> tendril.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pe*dun`cu*la"ta</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Peduncle</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A division of Cirripedia, including the stalked or goose barnacles.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pe*dun"cu*late</hw> (?), <hw>Pe*dun"cu*la`ted</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>Having a peduncle; growing on a peduncle; as, a <i>pedunculate</i> flower; a <i>pedunculate</i> eye, as in a lobster.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pee</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See 1st <u>Pea</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pee</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>Bill of an anchor. See <u>Peak</u>, 3 <sd><i>(c)</i></sd>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Peece</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. & v.</i></pos> [Obs.] <def>See <u>Piece</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pee"chi</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The dauw.</def></p>

<p><hw>Peek</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [OE. <i>piken</i>: cf. F. <i>piquer</i> to pierce, prick, E. <i>pique</i>. Cf. <u>Peak</u>.] <def>To look slyly, or with the eyes half closed, or through a crevice; to peep.</def> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><hw>Peek"a*boo</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A child's game; bopeep.</def></p>

<p><hw>Peel</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>pel</i>. Cf. <u>Pile</u> a heap.] <def>A small tower, fort, or castle; a keep.</def> [Scot.]</p>

<p><hw>Peel</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>pelle</i>, L. <i>pala</i>.] <def>A spadelike implement, variously used, as for removing loaves of bread from a baker's oven; also, a T-shaped implement used by printers and bookbinders for hanging wet sheets of paper on lines or poles to dry. Also, the blade of an oar.</def></p>

<p><hw>Peel</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [Confused with <i>peel</i> to strip, but fr. F. <i>piller</i> to pillage. See <u>Pill</u> to rob, <u>Pillage</u>.] <def>To plunder; to pillage; to rob.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>But govern ill the nations under yoke,<BR> <i>Peeling</i> their provinces.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Peel</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Peeled</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Peeling</u>.] [F. <i>peler</i> to pull out the hair, to strip, to peel, fr. L. <i>pilare</i> to deprive of hair, fr. <i>pilus</i> a hair; or perh. partly fr. F. <i>peler</i> to peel off the skin, perh. fr. L. <i>pellis</i> skin (cf. <u>Fell</u> skin). Cf. <u>Peruke</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To strip off the skin, bark, or rind of; to strip by drawing or tearing off the skin, bark, husks, etc.; to flay; to decorticate; as, to <i>peel</i> an orange.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The skillful shepherd <i>peeled</i> me certain wands.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To strip or tear off; to remove by stripping, as the skin of an animal, the bark of a tree, etc.</def></p>

<p><hw>Peel</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To lose the skin, bark, or rind; to come off, as the skin, bark, or rind does; — often used with an adverb; as, the bark <i>peels</i> easily or readily.</def></p>

<p><hw>Peel</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The skin or rind; as, the <i>peel</i> of an orange.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pee"le</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A graceful and swift South African antelope (<i>Pelea capreola</i>). The hair is woolly, and ash-gray on the back and sides. The horns are black, long, slender, straight, nearly smooth, and very sharp. Called also <i>rheeboc</i>, and <i>rehboc</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Peel"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who peels or strips.</def></p>

<p><hw>Peel"er</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Peel</u> to plunder.] <def>A pillager.</def></p>

<p><hw>Peel"er</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A nickname for a policeman; — so called from Sir Robert <i>Peel</i>.</def> [British Slang] See <u>Bobby</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Peel"house`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See 1st <u>Peel</u>.</def> <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><hw>Peen</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. G. <i>pinne</i> pane of a hammer.] <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A round-edged, or hemispherical, end to the head of a hammer or sledge, used to stretch or bend metal by indentation.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The sharp-edged end of the head of a mason's hammer.</def> [Spelt also <i>pane</i>, <i>pein</i>, and <i>piend</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Peen</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To draw, bend, or straighten, as metal, by blows with the peen of a hammer or sledge.</def></p>

<p><hw>Peenge</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To complain.</def> [Scot.]</p>

<p><hw>Peep</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Peeped</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Peeping</u>.] [Of imitative origin; cf. OE. <i>pipen</i>, F. <i>piper</i>, <i>p&eacute;pier</i>, L. <i>pipire</i>, <i>pipare</i>, <i>pipiare</i>, D. & G. <i>piepen</i>. Senses 2 and 3 perhaps come from a transfer of sense from the sound which chickens make upon the first breaking of the shell to the act accompanying it; or perhaps from the influence of <i>peek</i>, or <i>peak</i>. Cf. <u>Pipe</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To cry, as a chicken hatching or newly hatched; to chirp; to cheep.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>There was none that moved the wing, or opened the mouth, or <i>peeped</i>.</blockquote> <i>Is. x. 14.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To begin to appear; to look forth from concealment; to make the first appearance.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>When flowers first <i>peeped</i>, and trees did blossoms bear.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><! p. 1058 !></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To look cautiously or slyly; to peer, as through a crevice; to pry.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>eep</i> through the blanket of the dark.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>From her cabined loophole <i>peep</i>.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Peep sight</b></col>, <cd>an adjustable piece, pierced with a small hole to peep through in aiming, attached to a rifle or other firearm near the breech.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Peep</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The cry of a young chicken; a chirp.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>First outlook or appearance.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Oft have we seen him at the <i>peep</i> of dawn.</blockquote> <i>Gray.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A sly look; a look as through a crevice, or from a place of concealment.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>To take t' other <i>peep</i> at the stars.</blockquote> <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>Any small sandpiper, as the least sandpiper (<i>Trigna minutilla</i>).</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The European meadow pipit (<i>Anthus pratensis</i>).</def></p>

<p><col><b>Peep show</b></col>, <cd>a small show, or object exhibited, which is viewed through an orifice or a magnifying glass.</cd> — <col><b>Peep-o'-day boys</b></col>, <cd>the Irish insurgents of 1784; — so called from their visiting the house of the loyal Irish at day break in search of arms.</cd> [Cant]</p>

<p><hw>Peep"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A chicken just breaking the shell; a young bird.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>One who peeps; a prying person; a spy.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Who's there? <i>peepers</i>, . . . eavesdroppers?</blockquote> <i>J. Webster.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>The eye; as, to close the <i>peepers</i>.</def> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><hw>Peep"hole`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A hole, or crevice, through which one may peep without being discovered.</def></p>

<p><hw>Peep"ing hole`</hw>. <def>See <u>Peephole</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pee"pul tree`</hw> (?). [Hind. <i>p&imacr;pal</i>, Skr. <i>pippala</i>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A sacred tree (<i>Ficus religiosa</i>) of the Buddhists, a kind of fig tree which attains great size and venerable age. See <u>Bo tree</u>.</def> [Written also <i>pippul tree</i>, and <i>pipal tree</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Peer</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Peered</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Peering</u>.] [OF. <i>parir</i>, <i>pareir</i> equiv. to F. <i>para&icirc;tre</i> to appear, L. <i>parere</i>. Cf. <u>Appear</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To come in sight; to appear.</def> [Poetic]</p>

<p><blockquote>So honor <i>peereth</i> in the meanest habit.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>See how his gorget <i>peers</i> above his gown!</blockquote> <i>B. Jonson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> [Perh. a different word; cf. OE. <i>piren</i>, LG. <i>piren</i>. Cf. <u>Pry</u> to peep.] <def>To look narrowly or curiously or intently; to peep; as, the <i>peering</i> day.</def> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Peering</i> in maps for ports, and piers, and roads.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>As if through a dungeon grate he <i>peered</i>.</blockquote> <i>Coleridge.</i></p>

<p><hw>Peer</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>per</i>, OF. <i>per</i>, F. <i>pair</i>, fr. L. <i>par</i> equal. Cf. <u>Apparel</u>, <u>Pair</u>, <u>Par</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, <u>Umpire</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One of the same rank, quality, endowments, character, etc.; an equal; a match; a mate.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>In song he never had his <i>peer</i>.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Shall they consort only with their <i>peers</i>?</blockquote> <i>I. Taylor.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A comrade; a companion; a fellow; an associate.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He all his <i>peers</i> in beauty did surpass.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A nobleman; a member of one of the five degrees of the British nobility, namely, duke, marquis, earl, viscount, baron; as, a <i>peer</i> of the realm.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A noble <i>peer</i> of mickle trust and power.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><col><b>House of Peers</b></col>, <col><b>The Peers</b></col>, <cd>the British House of Lords. See <u>Parliament</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Spiritual peers</b></col>, <cd>the bishops and archibishops, or lords spiritual, who sit in the House of Lords.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Peer</hw> <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To make equal in rank.</def> [R.] <i>Heylin.</i></p>

<p><hw>Peer</hw> <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To be, or to assume to be, equal.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Peer"age</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Peer</u> an equal, and cf. <u>Parage</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The rank or dignity of a peer.</def> <i>Blackstone.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The body of peers; the nobility, collectively.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>When Charlemain with all his <i>peerage</i> fell.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Peer"dom</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Peerage; also, a lordship.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Peer"ess</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The wife of a peer; a woman ennobled in her own right, or by right of marriage.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Peer"ie</hw>, <hw>Peer"y</hw> } (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos>
[See 1st <u>Peer</u>, 2.] <def>Inquisitive; suspicious; sharp.</def>
[Prov. Eng. & Scot.] "Two <i>peery</i> gray eyes." <i>Sir W.
Scott.</i></p>

<p><hw>Peer"less</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having no peer or equal; matchless; superlative.</def> "Her <i>peerless</i> feature." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Unvailed her <i>peerless</i> light.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p>—<wf>Peer"less*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Peer"less*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Peert</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Peart</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Peer"weet</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Pewit</u> (<sd><i>a</i></sd> & <sd><i>b</i></sd>).</def></p>

<p><hw>Pee"vish</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [OE. <i>pevische</i>; of uncertain origin, perh. from a word imitative of the noise made by fretful children + <i>-ish</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Habitually fretful; easily vexed or fretted; hard to please; apt to complain; querulous; petulant.</def> "Her <i>peevish</i> babe." <i>Wordsworth.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>She is <i>peevish</i>, sullen, froward.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Expressing fretfulness and discontent, or unjustifiable dissatisfaction; as, a <i>peevish</i> answer.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Silly; childish; trifling.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>To send such <i>peevish</i> tokens to a king.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Querulous; petulant; cross; ill-tempered; testy; captious; discontented. See <u>Fretful</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Pee"vish*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a peevish manner.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pee"vish*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality of being peevish; disposition to murmur; sourness of temper.</def></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — See <u>Petulance</u>.</p>

<p>{ <hw>Pee"vit</hw> (?), <hw>Pee"wit</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>See <u>Pewit</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Peg</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>pegge</i>; cf. Sw. <i>pigg</i>, Dan. <i>pig</i> a point, prickle, and E. <i>peak</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A small, pointed piece of wood, used in fastening boards together, in attaching the soles of boots or shoes, etc.; as, a shoe <i>peg</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A wooden pin, or nail, on which to hang things, as coats, etc. Hence, colloquially and figuratively: A support; a reason; a pretext; as, a <i>peg</i> to hang a claim upon.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>One of the pins of a musical instrument, on which the strings are strained.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>One of the pins used for marking points on a cribbage board.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>A step; a degree; esp. in the slang phrase "To take one down <i>peg</i>."</def></p>

<p><blockquote>To screw papal authority to the highest <i>peg</i>.</blockquote> <i>Barrow.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>And took your grandess down a <i>peg</i>.</blockquote> <i>Hudibras.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Peg ladder</b></col>, <cd>a ladder with but one standard, into which cross pieces are inserted.</cd> — <col><b>Peg tankard</b></col>, <cd>an ancient tankard marked with pegs, so as divide the liquor into equal portions.</cd> "Drink down to your <i>peg</i>." <i>Longfellow.</i> — <col><b>Peg tooth</b></col>. <cd>See <i>Fleam tooth</i> under <u>Fleam</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Peg top</b></col>, <cd>a boy's top which is spun by throwing it.</cd> — <col><b>Screw peg</b></col>, <cd>a small screw without a head, for fastening soles.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Peg</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Pegged</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Pegging</u> (?).] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To put pegs into; to fasten the parts of with pegs; as, to <i>peg</i> shoes; to confine with pegs; to restrict or limit closely.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I will rend an oak<BR> And <i>peg</i> thee in his knotty entrails.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Cribbage)</i> <def>To score with a peg, as points in the game; as, she <i>pegged</i> twelwe points.</def> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><hw>Peg</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To work diligently, as one who pegs shoes; — usually with <i>on</i>, <i>at</i>, or <i>away</i>; as, to <i>peg</i> away at a task.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pe`ga*dor"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Sp., a sticker.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A species of remora (<i>Echeneis naucrates</i>). See <u>Remora</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pe*ga"se*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to Pegasus, or, figuratively, to poetry.</def></p>

<p><hw>Peg"a*soid</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Pegasus</i> + <i>-oid</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Like or pertaining to Pegasus.</def></p>

<p><hw>Peg"a*sus</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., fr. Gr. &?;.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Gr. Myth.)</i> <def>A winged horse fabled to have sprung from the body of Medusa when she was slain. He is noted for causing, with a blow of his hoof, Hippocrene, the inspiring fountain of the Muses, to spring from Mount Helicon. On this account he is, in modern times, associated with the Muses, and with ideas of poetic inspiration.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Each spurs his jaded <i>Pegasus</i> apace.</blockquote> <i>Byron.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Astron.)</i> <def>A northen constellation near the vernal equinoctial point. Its three brightest stars, with the brightest star of Andromeda, form the <i>square of Pegasus</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A genus of small fishes, having large pectoral fins, and the body covered with hard, bony plates. Several species are known from the East Indies and China.</def></p>

<p><hw>Peg"ger</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who fastens with pegs.</def></p>

<p><hw>Peg"ging</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The act or process of fastening with pegs.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pegm</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>pegma</i> a movable stage, Gr. &?;, orig., a framework.] <def>A sort of moving machine employed in the old pageants.</def> [Obs.] <i>B. Jonson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Peg"ma*tite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From Gr. &?; something fastened together, in allusion to the quartz and feldspar in graphic granite: cf. F. <i>pegmatite</i>. See <u>Pegm</u>.] <i>(Min.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>Graphic granite. See under <u>Granite</u>.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>More generally, a coarse granite occurring as vein material in other rocks.</def></p>

<p><hw>Peg`ma*tit"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Min.)</i> <def>Of, pertaining to, or resembling, pegmatite; as, the <i>pegmatic</i> structure of certain rocks resembling graphic granite.</def></p>

<p><hw>Peg"ma*toid</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Pegmat</i>ite + <i>-oid</i>.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>Resembling pegmatite; pegmatic.</def></p>

<p><hw>Peg"o*man`cy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>phgh`</grk> fountain + <i>-mancy</i>.] <def>Divination by fountains.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Peg"roots`</hw> (p&ebreve;g"r&oomac;ts`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Setterwort</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Peh"le*vi`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Parsee <i>Pahlavi</i>.] <def>An ancient Persian dialect in which words were partly represented by their Semitic equivalents. It was in use from the 3d century (and perhaps earlier) to the middle of the 7th century, and later in religious writings.</def> [Written also <i>Pahlavi</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Pein</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Peen</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pei*ram"e*ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; a trail + <i>-meter</i>.] <def>A dynamometer for measuring the force required to draw wheel carriages on roads of different constructions.</def> <i>G. Francis.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pei*ras"tic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to try, fr. &?; a trail.] <def>Fitted for trail or test; experimental; tentative; treating of attempts.</def></p>

<p><hw>Peise</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Poise</u>.] <def>A weight; a poise.</def> [Obs.] "To weigh pence with a <i>peise</i>." <i>Piers Plowman.</i></p>

<p><hw>Peise</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To poise or weight.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Lest leaden slumber <i>peise</i> me down.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pei"trel</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Anc. Armor)</i> <def>See <u>Peytrel</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pe*jor"a*tive</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [F. <i>p&eacute;joratif</i>, fr. L. <i>pejor</i>, used as compar. of <i>malus</i> evil.] <def>Implying or imputing evil; depreciatory; disparaging; unfavorable.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pek"an</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>pekan</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>See <u>Fisher</u>, 2.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pek"oe</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Chin. <i>pih-hoau</i>: cf. F. <i>peko&euml;</i>] <def>A kind of black tea.</def> [Written also <i>pecco</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Pe"la</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>See <i>Wax insect</i>, under <u>Wax</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pel"age</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>pelage</i>, fr. L. <i>pilus</i> hair.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The covering, or coat, of a mammal, whether of wool, fur, or hair.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pe*la"gi*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>pelagius</i>, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; the sea: cf. F. <i>p&eacute;lagien</i>.] <def>Of or pertaining to the sea; marine; pelagic; as, <i>pelagian</i> shells.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pe*la"gi*an</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>Pelagianus</i>: cf. F. <i>p&eacute;lagien</i>.] <i>(Eccl. Hist.)</i> <def>A follower of <i>Pelagius</i>, a British monk, born in the later part of the 4th century, who denied the doctrines of hereditary sin, of the connection between sin and death, and of conversion through grace.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pe*la"gi*an</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>p&eacute;lagien</i>.] <def>Of or pertaining to Pelagius, or to his doctrines.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pe*la"gi*an*ism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>p&eacute;lagianisme</i>.] <def>The doctrines of Pelagius.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pe*lag"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>pelagicus</i>.] <def>Of or pertaining to the ocean; — applied especially to animals that live at the surface of the ocean, away from the coast.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pel`ar*gon"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, an organic acid (called also <i>nonoic acid</i>) found in the leaves of the geranium (<i>Pelargonium</i>) and allied plants.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pel`ar*go"ni*um</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a stork.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A large genus of plants of the order <i>Geraniace&aelig;</i>, differing from Geranium in having a spurred calyx and an irregular corolla.</def></p>

<p>&fist; About one hundred and seventy species are known, nearly all of them natives of South Africa, and many having very beautiful blossoms. See the Note under <u>Geranium</u>.</p>

<p>{ <hw>Pe*las"gi*an</hw> (?), <hw>Pe*las"gic</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>Pelasgus</i>, Gr. &?; a Pelasgian.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Of or pertaining to the Pelasgians, an ancient people of Greece, of roving habits.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Wandering.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pel"e*can</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>See <u>Pelican</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pel`e*can`i*for"mes</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Pelican</u>, and <u>-form</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Those birds that are related to the pelican; the Totipalmi.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pel"e*coid</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; a hatchet + <i>-oid</i>.] <i>(Geom.)</i> <def>A figure, somewhat hatched-shaped, bounded by a semicircle and two inverted quadrants, and equal in area to the square <i>ABCD</i> inclosed by the chords of the four quadrants.</def> [Written also <i>pelicoid</i>.] <i>Math. Dict.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Pel`e*cyp"o*da</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a hatchet + <i>-poda</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Lamellibranchia</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pel"e*grine</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Peregrine</u>.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Pel"er*ine</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>p&egrave;lerine</i> a tippet, fr. <i>p&egrave;lerin</i> a pilgrim, fr. L. <i>peregrinus</i> foreign, alien. See <u>Pilgrim</u>.] <def>A woman's cape; especially, a fur cape that is longer in front than behind.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pelf</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>pelfir</i> booty, OF. <i>pelfre</i>, akin to <i>pelfrer</i> to plunder, and perh. to E. <i>pillage</i>. Cf. <u>Pilfer</u>.] <def>Money; riches; lucre; gain; — generally conveying the idea of something ill-gotten or worthless. It has no plural.</def> "Mucky <i>pelf</i>." <i>Spenser.</i> "Paltry <i>pelf</i>." <i>Burke.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Can their <i>pelf</i> prosper, not got by valor or industry?</blockquote> <i>Fuller.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pelf"ish</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to pelf.</def> <i>Stanyhurst.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pel"fray</hw> (?), <hw>Pel"fry</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Pelf; also, figuratively, rubbish; trash.</def> [Obs.] <i>Cranmer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pel"i*can</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>p&eacute;lican</i>, L. <i>pelicanus</i>, <i>pelecanus</i>, Gr. &?;, &?;, &?;, the woodpecker, and also a water bird of the pelican kind, fr. &?; to hew with an ax, akin to Skr. <i>para&ccedil;u</i>.] [Written also <i>pelecan</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any large webfooted bird of the genus <i>Pelecanus</i>, of which about a dozen species are known. They have an enormous bill, to the lower edge of which is attached a pouch in which captured fishes are temporarily stored.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The American white pelican (<i>Pelecanus erythrorhynchos</i>) and the brown species (<i>P. fuscus</i>) are abundant on the Florida coast in winter, but breed about the lakes in the Rocky Mountains and British America.</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Old Chem.)</i> <def>A retort or still having a curved tube or tubes leading back from the head to the body for continuous condensation and redistillation.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The principle is still employed in certain modern forms of distilling apparatus.</p>

<p><col><b>Frigate pelican</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the frigate bird. See under <u>Frigate</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Pelican fish</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>deep-sea fish (<i>Eurypharynx pelecanoides</i>) of the order <i>Lyomeri</i>, remarkable for the enormous development of the jaws, which support a large gular pouch.</cd> — <col><b>Pelican flower</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>the very large and curiously shaped blossom of a climbing plant (<i>Aristolochia grandiflora</i>) of the West Indies; also, the plant itself.</cd> — <col><b>Pelican ibis</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a large Asiatic wood ibis (<i>Tantalus leucocephalus</i>). The head and throat are destitute of feathers; the plumage is white, with the quills and the tail greenish black.</cd> — <col><b>Pelican in her piety</b></col> (in heraldry and symbolical art), <cd>a representation of a pelican in the act of wounding her breast in order to nourish her young with her blood; — a practice fabulously attributed to the bird, on account of which it was adopted as a symbol of the Redeemer, and of charity.</cd> — <col><b>Pelican's foot</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a marine gastropod shell of the genus <i>Aporrhais</i>, esp. <i>Aporrhais pes-pelicani</i> of Europe.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pel"ick</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The American coot (<i>Fulica</i>).</def></p>

<p><hw>Pel"i*coid</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Pelecoid</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pel`i*co*sau"ri*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a wooden bowl (but taken to mean, pelvis) + &?; a lizard.] <i>(Paleon.)</i> <def>A suborder of Theromorpha, including terrestrial reptiles from the Permian formation.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pe"li*om</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Pelioma</u>.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>A variety of iolite, of a smoky blue color; pelioma.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pe`li*o"ma</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; livid.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>A livid ecchymosis.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Min.)</i> <def>See <u>Peliom</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pe*lisse"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., fr. L. <i>pelliceus</i>, <i>pellicius</i>, made of skins, fr. <i>pellis</i> a skin. Cf. <u>Pelt</u> skin, <u>Pilch</u>, and see 2d <u>Pell</u>.] <def>An outer garment for men or women, originally of fur, or lined with fur; a lady's outer garment, made of silk or other fabric.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pell</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [Cf. <u>Pelt</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>] <def>To pelt; to knock about.</def> [Obs.] <i>Holland.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pell</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>pel</i>, F. <i>peau</i>, L. <i>pellis</i> a skin. See <u>Fell</u> a skin.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A skin or hide; a pelt.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A roll of parchment; a parchment record.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Clerk of the pells</b></col>, <cd>formerly, an officer of the exchequer who entered accounts on certain parchment rolls, called <i>pell rolls</i>.</cd> [Eng.]</p>

<p><hw>Pel"lack</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. Gael. <u>Peileag</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A porpoise.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pell"age</hw> (p&ebreve;l"&asl;j), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See 2d <u>Pell</u>.] <def>A customs duty on skins of leather.</def></p>

<p><! p. 1059 !></p>

<p><hw>Pel"la*gra</hw> (p&ebreve;l"l&adot;*gr&adot;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>An erythematous affection of the skin, with severe constitutional and nervous symptoms, endemic in Northern Italy.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pel"la*grin</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who is afficted with pellagra.</def> <i>Chambers's Encyc.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pel"let</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>pelote</i>, LL. <i>pelota</i>, <i>pilota</i>, fr. L. <i>pila</i> a ball. Cf. <u>Platoon</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A little ball; as, a <i>pellet</i> of wax &?; paper.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A bullet; a ball for firearms.</def> [Obs.] <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>As swift as a <i>pellet</i> out of a gun.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Pellet molding</b></col> <i>(Arch.)</i>, <cd>a narrow band ornamented with smalt, flat disks.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pel"let</hw>, <pos><i>v.&?;.</i></pos> <def>To form into small balls.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pel"let*ed</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Made of, or like, pellets; furnished with pellets.</def> [R.] "This <i>pelleted</i> storm." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Pel`li*bran`chi*a"ta</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr. <i>pellis</i> garment + <i>branchia</i> a gill.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A division of Nudibranchiata, in which the mantle itself serves as a gill.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pel"li*cle</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>pellicu&?;a</i>, dim. of <i>pellis</i> skin: cf. F. <i>pellicule</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A thin skin or film.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A thin film formed on the surface of an evaporating solution.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pel*lic"u*lar</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to a pellicle.</def> <i>Henslow.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pel*li"le</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The redshank; — so called from its note.</def> [Prov. Eng.]</p>

<p><hw>Pel"li*to*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>paritorie</i>, OF. <i>paritoire</i>, F. <i>pari&eacute;taire</i>; (cf. It. & Sp. <i>parietaria</i>), L. <i>parietaria</i> the parietary, or pellitory, the wall plant, fr. <i>parietarus</i> belonging to the walls, fr. <i>paries</i>, <i>parietis</i> a wall. Cf. <u>Parietary</u>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The common name of the several species of the genus <i>Parietaria</i>, low, harmless weeds of the Nettle family; — also called <i>wall pellitory</i>, and <i>lichwort</i>.</def></p>

<p>&fist; <i>Parietaria officinalis</i> is common on old walls in Europe; <i>P. pennsylvanica</i> is found in the United States; and six or seven more species are found near the Mediterranean, or in the Orient.</p>

<p><hw>Pel"li*to*ry</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Sp. <i>pelitre</i>, fr. L. <i>pyrethrum</i>. See <u>Bertram</u>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A composite plant (<i>Anacyclus Pyrethrum</i>) of the Mediterranean region, having finely divided leaves and whitish flowers. The root is the officinal pellitory, and is used as an irritant and sialogogue. Called also <i>bertram</i>, and <i>pellitory of Spain</i>.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The feverfew (<i>Chrysanthemum Parthenium</i>); — so called because it resembles the above.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pell`-mell"</hw> (&?;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Pall- mall</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pell`mell"</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> [F. <i>p&ecirc;le- m&ecirc;le</i>, prob. fr. <i>pelle</i> a shovel + <i>m&ecirc;ler</i> to mix, as when different kinds of grain are heaped up and mixed with a shovel. See <u>Pell</u> shovel, <u>Medley</u>.] <def>In utter confusion; with confused violence.</def> "Men, horses, chariots, crowded <i>pellmell</i>." <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pel*lu"cid</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>pellucidus</i>; <i>per</i> (see <u>Per-</u>) + <i>lucidus</i> clear, bright: cf. F. <i>pellucide</i>.] <def>Transparent; clear; limpid; translucent; not opaque.</def> "<i>Pellucid</i> crystal." <i>Dr. H. More.</i> "<i>Pellucid</i> streams." <i>Wordsworth.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pel`lu*cid"i*ty</hw> (?), <hw>Pel*lu"cid*ness</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>pellucid</i>itas.] <def>The quality or state of being pellucid; transparency; translucency; clearness; as, the pellucidity of the air.</def> <i>Locke.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pel*lu"cid*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a pellucid manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pel"ma</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Pelmata</b></plw> (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?;.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The under surface of the foot.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pe*lo"pi*um</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. L. <i>Pelops</i>, brother of Niobe, Gr. &?;.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A supposed new metal found in columbite, afterwards shown to be identical with columbium, or niobium.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pel`o*pon*ne"sian</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>Peloponnesius</i>, fr. <i>Peloponnesus</i>, Gr. &?;, lit., the Island of Pelops; &?;, &?;, Pelops + &?; an island.] <def>Of or pertaining to the Peloponnesus, or southern peninsula of Greece.</def> — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A native or an inhabitant of the Peloponnesus.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pe*lo"ri*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., from Gr. &?; monstrous.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Abnormal regularity; the state of certain flowers, which, being naturally irregular, have become regular through a symmetrical repetition of the special irregularity.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pe*lo"ric</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Abnormally regular or symmetrical.</def> <i>Darwin.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pel"o*tage</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F.] <def>Packs or bales of Spanish wool.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pelt</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. G. <i>pelz</i> a pelt, fur, fr. OF. <i>pelice</i>, F. <i>pelisse</i> (see <u>Pelisse</u>); or perh. shortened fr. <i>peltry</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The skin of a beast with the hair on; a raw or undressed hide; a skin preserved with the hairy or woolly covering on it. See 4th <u>Fell</u>.</def> <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Raw <i>pelts</i> clapped about them for their clothes.</blockquote> <i>Fuller.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The human skin.</def> [Jocose] <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Falconry)</i> <def>The body of any quarry killed by the hawk.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Pelt rot</b></col>, <cd>a disease affecting the hair or wool of a beast.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pelt</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Pelted</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Pelting</u>.] [OE. <i>pelten</i>, <i>pulten</i>, <i>pilten</i>, to thrust, throw, strike; cf. L. <i>pultare</i>, equiv. to <i>pulsare</i> (v. freq. fr. <i>pellere</i> to drive), and E. <i>pulse</i> a beating.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To strike with something thrown or driven; to assail with pellets or missiles, as, to <i>pelt</i> with stones; <i>pelted</i> with hail.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The children billows seem to <i>pelt</i> the clouds.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To throw; to use as a missile.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>My Phillis me with <i>pelted</i> apples plies.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pelt</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To throw missiles.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To throw out words.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Another smothered seems to <i>pelt</i>and swear.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pelt</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A blow or stroke from something thrown.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pel"ta</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Pelt&aelig;</b></plw>. [L., a shield, fr. Gr. &?;.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Antiq.)</i> <def>A small shield, especially one of an approximately elliptic form, or crescent-shaped.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A flat apothecium having no rim.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pel"tate</hw> (?), <hw>Pel"ta*ted</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>pelt&eacute;</i>. See <u>Pelta</u>.] <def>Shield-shaped; scutiform; <i>(Bot.)</i> having the stem or support attached to the lower surface, instead of at the base or margin; — said of a leaf or other organ.</def> — <wf>Pel"tate*ly</wf> (#), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Pelt"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who pelts.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pel"ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A pinchpenny; a mean, sordid person; a miser; a skinflint.</def> [Obs.] "Let such <i>pelters</i> prate." <i>Gascoigne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pel"ti*form</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Pelta</i> + <i>- form</i>.] <def>Shieldlike, with the outline nearly circular; peltate.</def> <i>Henslow.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pel"ting</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Mean; paltry.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pelt"ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>pelleterie</i> peltry, furriery, fr. <i>pelletier</i> a furrier, fr. OF. <i>pel</i> skin, F. <i>peau</i>, L. <i>pelis</i>. See <u>Pelt</u> a skin, <u>Pell</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, <u>Fell</u> a skin.] <def>Pelts or skins, collectively; skins with the fur on them; furs.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pelt"ry*ware`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Peltry.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>||Pe*lu"do</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Sp. <i>peludo</i> hairy.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The South American hairy armadillo (<i>Dasypus villosus</i>).</def></p>

<p><hw>Pe*lu"si*ac</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>Pelusiacus</i>.] <def>Of or pertaining to Pelusium, an ancient city of Egypt; as, the <i>Pelusiac</i> (or former eastern) outlet of the Nile.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pel"vic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of, pertaining to, or in the region of, the pelvis; as, <i>pelvic</i> cellulitis.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Pelvic arch</b></col>, or <col><b>Pelvic girdle</b></col> <i>(Anat.)</i>, <cd>the two or more bony or cartilaginous pieces of the vertebrate skeleton to which the hind limbs are articulated. When fully ossified, the arch usually consists of three principal bones on each side, the ilium, ischium, and pubis, which are often closely united in the adult, forming the innominate bone. See <i>Innominate bone</i>, under <u>Innominate</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pel*vim"e*ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Pelvis</i> + <i>-meter</i>.: cf. F. <i>pelvim&egrave;tre</i>.] <def>An instrument for measuring the dimensions of the pelvis.</def> <i>Coxe.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pel"vis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., a basin, laver; cf. Gr. &?;, &?;, bowl.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>The pelvic arch, or the pelvic arch together with the sacrum. See <i>Pelvic arch</i>, under <u>Pelvic</u>, and <u>Sacrum</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The calyx of a crinoid.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Pelvis of the kidney</b></col> <i>(Anat.)</i>, <cd>the basinlike cavity into which the ureter expands as it joins the kidney.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pem"mi*can</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Written also <i>pemican</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Among the North American Indians, meat cut in thin slices, divested of fat, and dried in the sun.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Then on <i>pemican</i> they feasted.</blockquote> <i>Longfellow.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Meat, without the fat, cut in thin slices, dried in the sun, pounded, then mixed with melted fat and sometimes dried fruit, and compressed into cakes or in bags. It contains much nutriment in small compass, and is of great use in long voyages of exploration.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pem*phi"gus</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Nl., fr. Gr. &?;, &?;, a bubble.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>A somewhat rare skin disease, characterized by the development of blebs upon different part of the body.</def> <i>Quain.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pen</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>penne</i>, OF. <i>penne</i>, <i>pene</i>, F. <i>penne</i>, fr. L. <i>penna</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A feather.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A wing.</def> [Obs.] <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>An instrument used for writing with ink, formerly made of a reed, or of the quill of a goose or other bird, but now also of other materials, as of steel, gold, etc. Also, originally, a stylus or other instrument for scratching or graving.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Graven with an iron <i>pen</i> and lead in the rock.</blockquote> <i>Job xix. 24.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Fig.: A writer, or his style; as, he has a sharp <i>pen</i>.</def> "Those learned <i>pens</i>." <i>Fuller.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The internal shell of a squid.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> [Etymol. uncertain.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A female swan.</def> [Prov. Eng.]</p>

<p><col><b>Bow pen</b></col>. <cd>See <u>Bow-pen</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Dotting pen</b></col>, <cd>a pen for drawing dotted lines.</cd> — <col><b>Drawing</b></col>, or <col><b>Ruling</b></col>, <col><b>pen</b></col>, <cd>a pen for ruling lines having a pair of blades between which the ink is contained.</cd> — <col><b>Fountain pen</b></col>, <col><b>Geometric pen</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Fountain</u>, and <u>Geometric</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Music pen</b></col>, <cd>a pen having five points for drawing the five lines of the staff.</cd> — <col><b>Pen and ink</b></col>, or <col><b>pen- and-ink</b></col>, <cd>executed or done with a pen and ink; as, a <i>pen and ink</i> sketch.</cd> — <col><b>Pen feather</b></col>. <cd>A pin feather.</cd> [Obs.] — <col><b>Pen name</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Name</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Sea pen</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a pennatula.</cd> [Usually written <i>sea- pen</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Pen</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Penned</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Penning</u> (?).] <def>To write; to compose and commit to paper; to indite; to compose; as, to <i>pen</i> a sonnet.</def> "A prayer elaborately <i>penned</i>." <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pen</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Penned</u> (?) or <u>Pent</u> (&?;); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Penning</u>.] [OE. <i>pennen</i>, AS. <i>pennan</i> in <i>on-pennan</i> to unfasten, prob. from the same source as <i>pin</i>, and orig. meaning, to fasten with a peg.See <u>Pin</u>, <pos><i>n. & v.</i></pos>] <def>To shut up, as in a pen or cage; to confine in a small inclosure or narrow space; to coop up, or shut in; to inclose.</def> "Away with her, and <i>pen</i> her up." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Watching where shepherds <i>pen</i> their flocks at eve.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pen</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From <u>Pen</u> to shut in.] <def>A small inclosure; as, a <i>pen</i> for sheep or for pigs.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>My father stole two geese out of a <i>pen</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pe"nal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>poenalis</i>, fr. <i>poena</i> punishment: cf. F. <i>p&eacute;nal</i>. See <u>Pain</u>.] <def>Of or pertaining to punishment, to penalties, or to crimes and offenses; pertaining to criminal jurisprudence</def>: as: <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>Enacting or threatening punishment; as, a <i>penal</i> statue; the <i>penal</i> code.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>Incurring punishment; subject to a penalty; as, a <i>penal</i>act of offense.</def> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <def>Inflicted as punishment; used as a means of punishment; as, a <i>penal</i> colony or settlement.</def> "Adamantine chains and <i>penal</i> fire." <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Penal code</b></col> <i>(Law)</i>, <cd>a code of laws concerning crimes and offenses and their punishment.</cd> — <col><b>Penal laws</b></col>, <col><b>Penal statutes</b></col> <i>(Law)</i>, <cd>laws prohibited certain acts, and imposing penalties for committing them.</cd> — <col><b>Penal servitude</b></col>, <cd>imprisonment with hard labor, in a prison, in lieu of transportation.</cd> [Great Brit.] — <col><b>Penal suit</b></col>, <col><b>Penal action</b></col> <i>(Law)</i>, <cd>a suit for penalties.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pe*nal"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. LL. <i>poenalitas</i>. See <u>Penalty</u>.] <def>The quality or state of being penal; lability to punishment.</def> <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pe"nal*ize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To make penal.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Sport.)</i> <def>To put a penalty on. See <u>Penalty</u>, 3.</def> [Eng.]</p>

<p><hw>Pe"nal*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a penal manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pe"nal*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Penalties</b></plw> (#). [F. <i>p&eacute;nalit&eacute;</i>. See <u>Penal</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Penal retribution; punishment for crime or offense; the suffering in person or property which is annexed by law or judicial decision to the commission of a crime, offense, or trespass.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Death is the <i>penalty</i> imposed.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The suffering, or the sum to be forfeited, to which a person subjects himself by covenant or agreement, in case of nonfulfillment of stipulations; forfeiture; fine.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>penalty</i> and forfeit of my bond.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A handicap.</def> [Sporting Cant]</p>

<p>&fist; The term <i>penalty</i> is in law mostly applied to a pecuniary punishment.</p>

<p><col><b>Bill of pains and penalties</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Bill</u>.</cd> — <col><b>On</b></col>, or <col><b>Under</b></col>, <col><b>penalty of</b></col>, <cd>on pain of; with exposure to the penalty of, in case of transgression.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pen"ance</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>penance</i>, <i>peneance</i>, L. <i>paenitentia</i> repentance. See <u>Penitence</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Repentance.</def> [Obs.] <i>Wyclif (Luke xv. 7).</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Pain; sorrow; suffering.</def> [Obs.] "Joy or <i>penance</i> he feeleth none." <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Eccl.)</i> <def>A means of repairing a sin committed, and obtaining pardon for it, consisting partly in the performance of expiatory rites, partly in voluntary submission to a punishment corresponding to the transgression. Penance is the fourth of seven sacraments in the Roman Catholic Church.</def> <i>Schaff- Herzog Encyc.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>And bitter <i>penance</i>, with an iron whip.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Quoth he, "The man hath <i>penance</i> done,<BR> And <i>penance</i> more will do."</blockquote> <i>Coleridge.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pen"ance</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Penanced</u> (?).] <def>To impose penance; to punish.</def> "Some <i>penanced</i> lady elf." <i>Keats.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pen"ance*less</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Free from penance.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Pe*nang" nut`</hw> (?). [From the native name.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The betel nut.</def> <i>Balfour (Cyc. of India).</i></p>

<p><hw>Pen*an"nu*lar</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>pene</i>, <i>paene</i>, almost + E. <i>annular</i>.] <def>Nearly annular; having nearly the form of a ring.</def> "<i>Penannular</i> relics." <i>D. Wilson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pe"na*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Penal.</def> [Obs.] <i>Gauden.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Pe*na"tes</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [L.] <i>(Rom. Antiq.)</i> <def>The household gods of the ancient Romans. They presided over the home and the family hearth. See <u>Lar</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pen"aunt</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>penant</i>, <i>peneant</i>. See <u>Penitent</u>.] <def>A penitent.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pence</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, <def><pos><i>pl.</i></pos> of <u>Penny</u>. See <u>Penny</u>.</def> </p>

<p><hw>Pen"cel</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Pennoncel</u>.] <def>A small, narrow flag or streamer borne at the top of a lance; — called also <i>pennoncel</i>.</def> [Obs.] <i>Piers Plowman.</i> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Pen`chant"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., fr. <i>pencher</i> to bend, fr. (assumed) LL. <i>pendicare</i>, L. <i>pendere</i>. See <u>Pendant</u>.] <def>Inclination; decided taste; bias; as, a <i>penchant</i> for art.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pen"chute`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Penstock</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pen"cil</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>pincel</i>, F. <i>pinceau</i>, L. <i>penicillum</i>, <i>penicillus</i>, equiv. to <i>peniculus</i>, dim. of <i>penis</i> a tail. Cf. <u>Penicil</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A small, fine brush of hair or bristles used by painters for laying on colors.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>With subtile <i>pencil</i> depainted was this storie.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A slender cylinder or strip of black lead, colored chalk, slate etc., or such a cylinder or strip inserted in a small wooden rod intended to be pointed, or in a case, which forms a handle, — used for drawing or writing. See <u>Graphite</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Hence, figuratively, an artist's ability or peculiar manner; also, in general, the act or occupation of the artist, descriptive writer, etc.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Opt.)</i> <def>An aggregate or collection of rays of light, especially when diverging from, or converging to, a point.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <i>(Geom.)</i> <def>A number of lines that intersect in one point, the point of intersection being called the <i>pencil point</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>A small medicated bougie.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Pencil case</b></col>, <cd>a holder for pencil lead.</cd> - - <col><b>Pencil flower</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>an American perennial leguminous herb (<i>Stylosanthes elatior</i>).</cd> — <col><b>Pencil lead</b></col>, <cd>a slender rod of black lead, or the like, adapted for insertion in a holder.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pen"cil</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Penciled</u> (?) or <u>Pencilled</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Penciling</u> or <u>Pencilling</u>.] <def>To write or mark with a pencil; to paint or to draw.</def> <i>Cowper.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Where nature <i>pencils</i> butterflies on flowers.</blockquote> <i>Harte.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pen"ciled</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Written also <i>pencilled</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Painted, drawn, sketched, or marked with a pencil.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Radiated; having pencils of rays.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Nat. Hist.)</i> <def>Marked with parallel or radiating lines.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pen"cil*ing</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Written also <i>pencilling</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The work of the pencil or bruch; as, delicate <i>penciling</i> in a picture.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Brickwork)</i> <def>Lines of white or black paint drawn along a mortar joint in a brick wall.</def> <i>Knight.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pen"cil*late</hw> (?), <hw>Pen"cil*la`ted</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Shaped like a pencil; penicillate.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pen"craft</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Penmanship; skill in writing; chirography.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The art of composing or writing; authorship.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I would not give a groat for that person's knowledge in <i>pencraft</i>.</blockquote> <i>Sterne.</i></p>

<p><! p. 1060 !></p>

<p><hw>Pend</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Oil cake; penock.</def> [India]</p>

<p><hw>Pend</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Pended</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Pending</u>.] [L. <i>pendere</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To hang; to depend.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote><i>Pending</i> upon certain powerful motions.</blockquote> <i>I. Taylor.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To be undecided, or in process of adjustment.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pend</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [Cf. <i>pen</i> to shut in, or AS. <i>pyndan</i>, E. <i>pound</i> an inclosure.] <def>To pen; to confine.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote><i>ended</i> within the limits . . . of Greece.</blockquote> <i>Udall.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pend"ant</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., orig. p. pr. of <i>pendre</i> to hang, L. <i>pendere</i>. Cf. <u>Pendent</u>, <u>Pansy</u>, <u>Pensive</u>, <u>Poise</u>, <u>Ponder</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Something which hangs or depends; something suspended; a hanging appendage, especially one of an ornamental character; as to a chandelier or an eardrop; also, an appendix or addition, as to a book.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Some hang upon the <i>pendants</i> of her ear.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Many . . . have been pleased with this work and its <i>pendant</i>, the Tales and Popular Fictions.</blockquote> <i>Keightley.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>A hanging ornament on roofs, ceilings, etc., much used in the later styles of Gothic architecture, where it is of stone, and an important part of the construction. There are imitations in plaster and wood, which are mere decorative features.</def> "[A bridge] with . . . <i>pendants</i> graven fair." <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Fine Arts)</i> <def>One of a pair; a counterpart; as, one vase is the <i>pendant</i> to the other vase.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>A pendulum.</def> [Obs.] <i>Sir K. Digby.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>The stem and ring of a watch, by which it is suspended.</def> [U.S.] <i>Knight.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Pendant post</b></col> <i>(Arch.)</i>, <cd>a part of the framing of an open timber roof; a post set close against the wall, and resting upon a corbel or other solid support, and supporting the ends of a collar beam or any part of the roof.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pend"ence</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Pendent</u>.] <def>Slope; inclination.</def> [Obs.] <i>Sir H. Wotton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pend"en*cy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The quality or state of being pendent or suspended.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The quality or state of being undecided, or in continuance; suspense; as, the <i>pendency</i> of a suit.</def> <i>Ayliffe.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pend"ent</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>pendens</i>, <i>-entis</i>, p. pr. of <i>pendere</i> to hang, to be suspended. Cf. <u>Pendant</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Supported from above; suspended; depending; pendulous; hanging; as, a <i>pendent</i> leaf.</def> "The <i>pendent</i> world." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Often their tresses, when shaken, with <i>pendent</i> icicles tinkle.</blockquote> <i>Longfellow.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Jutting over; projecting; overhanging.</def> "A vapor sometime like a . . . <i>pendent</i> rock." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pen*den"tive</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>pendentif</i>, fr. L. <i>pendere</i> to hang.] <i>(Arch.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The portion of a vault by means of which the square space in the middle of a building is brought to an octagon or circle to receive a cupola.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The part of a groined vault which is supported by, and springs from, one pier or corbel.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pend"ent*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a pendent manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pen"dice</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. <u>Pentice</u>.] <def>A sloping roof; a lean-to; a penthouse.</def> [Obs.] <i>Fairfax.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pen"di*cle</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. <u>Appendicle</u>.] <def>An appendage; something dependent on another; an appurtenance; a pendant.</def> <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pen*di*cler</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>An inferior tenant; one who rents a pendicle or croft.</def> [Scot.] <i>Jamieson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pend"ing</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>pendere</i> to hang, to be suspended. Cf. <u>Pendent</u>.] <def>Not yet decided; in continuance; in suspense; as, a <i>pending</i> suit.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pend"ing</hw>, <pos><i>prep.</i></pos> <def>During; as, <i>pending</i> the trail.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pen"drag*on</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A chief leader or a king; a head; a dictator; — a title assumed by the ancient British chiefs when called to lead other chiefs.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The dread <i>Pendragon</i>, Britain's king of kings.</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pen"du*lar</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pendulous.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pen"du*late</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To swing as a pendulum.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Pen"dule</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F.] <def>A pendulum.</def> [R.] <i>Evelyn.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Pen"du`line</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. See <u>Pendulum</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A European titmouse (<i>Parus, or &AElig;githalus, pendulinus</i>). It is noted for its elegant pendulous purselike nest, made of the down of willow trees and lined with feathers.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pen`du*los"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Pendulous</u>.] <def>The state or quality of being pendulous.</def> <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pen"du*lous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>pendulus</i>, fr. <i>pendere</i> to hang. Cf. <u>Pendant</u>, and cf. <u>Pendulum</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Depending; pendent loosely; hanging; swinging.</def> <i>Shak.</i> "The <i>pendulous</i> round earth." <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Wavering; unstable; doubtful.</def> [R.] "A <i>pendulous</i> state of mind." <i>Atterbury.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Inclined or hanging downwards, as a flower on a recurved stalk, or an ovule which hangs from the upper part of the ovary.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pen"du*lous*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a pendulous manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pen"du*lous*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality or state of being pendulous; the state of hanging loosely; pendulosity.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pen"du*lum</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Pendulums</b></plw> (#). [NL., fr. L. <i>pendulus</i> hanging, swinging. See <u>Pendulous</u>.] <def>A body so suspended from a fixed point as to swing freely to and fro by the alternate action of gravity and momentum. It is used to regulate the movements of clockwork and other machinery.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The time of oscillation of a pendulum is independent of the arc of vibration, provided this arc be small.</p>

<p><col><b>Ballistic pendulum</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Ballistic</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Compensation pendulum</b></col>, <cd>a clock pendulum in which the effect of changes of temperature of the length of the rod is so counteracted, usually by the opposite expansion of differene metals, that the distance of the center of oscillation from the center of suspension remains invariable; as, the <i>mercurial compensation pendulum</i>, in which the expansion of the rod is compensated by the opposite expansion of mercury in a jar constituting the bob; the <i>gridiron pendulum</i>, in which compensation is effected by the opposite expansion of sets of rodsof different metals.</cd> — <col><b>Compound pendulum</b></col>, <cd>an ordinary pendulum; — so called, as being made up of different parts, and contrasted with <i>simple pendulum</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Conical</b></col> or <col><b>Revolving</b></col>, <col><b>pendulum</b></col>, <cd>a weight connected by a rod with a fixed point; and revolving in a horizontal cyrcle about the vertical from that point.</cd> — <col><b>Pendulum bob</b></col>, <cd>the weight at the lower end of a pendulum.</cd> — <col><b>Pendulum level</b></col>, <cd>a plumb level. See under <u>Level</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Pendulum wheel</b></col>, <cd>the balance of a watch.</cd> — <col><b>Simple</b></col> or <col><b>Theoretical</b></col>, <col><b>pendulum</b></col>, <cd>an imaginary pendulum having no dimensions except length, and no weight except at the center of oscillation; in other words, a material point suspended by an ideal line.</cd></p>

<p><hw>||Pe*nel"o*pe</hw> (p&esl;*n&ebreve;l"&osl;*p&emacr;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From. L. <i>Penelope</i>, the wife of Ulysses, the hero of the Odyssey, Gr. <grk>Phnelo`ph</grk>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A genus of curassows, including the guans.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pen`e*tra*bil"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>p&eacute;n&eacute;trabilit&eacute;</i>.] <def>The quality of being penetrable; susceptibility of being penetrated, entered, or pierced.</def> <i>Cheyne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pen"e*tra*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>penetrabilus</i>: cf. F. <i>p&eacute;n&eacute;trable</i>.] <def>Capable of being penetrated, entered, or pierced. Used also figuratively.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>And pierce his only <i>penetrable</i> part.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>I am not made of stones,<BR> But <i>penetrable</i> to your kind entreats.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p>— <wf>Pen"e*tra*ble*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> — <wf>Pen"e*tra*bly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Pen"e*trail</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Penetralia.</def> [Obs.] <i>Harvey.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Pen`e*tra"li*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [L., fr. <i>penetralis</i> penetrating, internal. See <u>Penetrate</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The recesses, or innermost parts, of any thing or place, especially of a temple or palace.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Hidden things or secrets; privacy; sanctuary; as, the sacred <i>penetralia</i> of the home.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pen"e*trance</hw> (?), <hw>Pen"e*tran*cy</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality or state of being penetrant; power of entering or piercing; penetrating power of quality; as, the <i>penetrancy</i> of subtile effluvia.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pen"e*trant</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>penetrans</i>, p. pr. of <i>penetrare</i>: cf. F. <i>p&eacute;n&eacute;trant</i>.] <def>Having power to enter or pierce; penetrating; sharp; subtile; as, <i>penetrant</i> cold.</def> "<i>Penetrant</i> and powerful arguments." <i>Boyle.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pen"e*trate</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Penetrated</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Penetrating</u>.] [L. <i>penetratus</i>, p. p. of <i>penetrare</i> to penetrate; akin to <i>penitus</i> inward, inwardly, and perh. to <i>pens</i> with, in the power of, <i>penus</i> store of food, innermost part of a temple.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To enter into; to make way into the interior of; to effect an entrance into; to pierce; as, light <i>penetrates</i> darkness.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To affect profoundly through the senses or feelings; to touch with feeling; to make sensible; to move deeply; as, to <i>penetrate</i> one's heart with pity.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The translator of Homer should <i>penetrate</i> himself with a sense of the plainness and directness of Homer's style.</blockquote> <i>M. Arnold.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To pierce into by the mind; to arrive at the inner contents or meaning of, as of a mysterious or difficult subject; to comprehend; to understand.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Things which here were too subtile for us to <i>penetrate</i>.</blockquote> <i>Ray.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pen"e*trate</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To pass; to make way; to pierce. Also used figuratively.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Preparing to <i>penetrate</i> to the north and west.</blockquote> <i>J. R. Green.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Born where Heaven's influence scarce can <i>penetrate</i>.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The sweet of life that <i>penetrates</i> so near.</blockquote> <i>Daniel.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pen"e*tra`ting</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Having the power of entering, piercing, or pervading; sharp; subtile; penetrative; as, a <i>penetrating</i> odor.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Acute; discerning; sagacious; quick to discover; as, a <i>penetrating</i> mind.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pen"e*tra`ting*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a penetrating manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pen"e*tra`tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>penetratio</i>: cf. F. <i>p&eacute;n&eacute;tration</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act or process of penetrating, piercing, or entering; also, the act of mentally penetrating into, or comprehending, anything difficult.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>And to each in ward part,<BR> With gentle <i>penetration</i>, though unseen,<BR> Shoots invisible virtue even to the deep.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>A <i>penetration</i> into the difficulties of algebra.</blockquote> <i>Watts.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Acuteness; insight; sharp discoverment; sagacity; as, a person of singular <i>penetration</i>.</def> <i>Walpole.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Discernment; sagacity; acuteness; sharpness; discrimination. See <u>Discernment</u>, and <u>Sagacity</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Pen"e*tra*tive</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>p&eacute;n&eacute;tratif</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Tending to penetrate; of a penetrating quality; piercing; as, the <i>penetrative</i> sun.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>His look became keen and <i>penetrative</i>.</blockquote> <i>Hawthorne.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Having the power to affect or impress the mind or heart; impressive; as, <i>penetrative</i> shame.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Acute; discerning; sagacious; as, <i>penetrative</i> wisdom.</def> "The <i>penetrative</i> eye." <i>Wordsworth.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Led on by skill of <i>penetrative</i> soul.</blockquote> <i>Grainger.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pen"e*tra*tive*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality of being penetrative.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pen"fish`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A squid.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pen"fold`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Pinfold</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pen"go*lin</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i><def>The pangolin.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pen"guin</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Perh. orig. the name of another bird, and fr. W. <i>pen</i> head + <i>gwyn</i> white; or perh. from a native South American name.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any bird of the order Impennes, or Ptilopteri. They are covered with short, thick feathers, almost scalelike on the wings, which are without true quills. They are unable to fly, but use their wings to aid in diving, in which they are very expert. See <i>King penguin</i>, under <u>Jackass</u>.</def></p>

<p>&fist; Penguins are found in the south temperate and antarctic regions. The king penguins (<i>Aptenodytes Patachonica</i>, and <i>A. longirostris</i>) are the largest; the jackass penguins (<i>Spheniscus</i>) and the rock hoppers (<i>Catarractes</i>) congregate in large numbers at their breeding grounds.</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The egg-shaped fleshy fruit of a West Indian plant (<i>Bromelia Pinguin</i>) of the Pineapple family; also, the plant itself, which has rigid, pointed, and spiny- toothed leaves, and is used for hedges.</def> [Written also <i>pinguin</i>.]</p>

<p><col><b>Arctic penguin</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the great auk. See <u>Auk</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pen"guin*er*y</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A breeding place, or rookery, of penguins.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pen"hold`er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A handle for a pen.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pen"house`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A penthouse.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Pen*i"ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [OF. <i>penible</i>. Cf. <u>Painable</u>.] <def>Painstaking; assidous.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pen"i*cil</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>penicillum</i>, <i>penicillus</i>, a painter's brush, a roil of lint, a tent for wounds.] <i>(mented.)</i> <def>A tent or pledget for wounds or ulcers.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pen`i*cil"late</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>p&eacute;nicill&eacute;</i>. See <u>Penicil</u>.] <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>Having the form of a pencil; furnished with a pencil of fine hairs; ending in a tuft of hairs like a camel's-hair brush, as the stigmas of some grasses.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pen`i*cil"li*form</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Penicillate.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pen*in"su*la</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>peninsula</i> or <i>paeninsula</i>; <i>paene</i> almost + <i>insula</i> an island. See <u>Isle</u>.] <def>A portion of land nearly surrounded by water, and connected with a larger body by a neck, or isthmus.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pen*in"su*lar</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>p&eacute;ninsulaire</i>.] <def>Of or pertaining to a peninsula; as, a <i>peninsular</i> form; <i>peninsular</i> people; the <i>peninsular</i> war.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pen*in"su*late</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Peninsulated</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Peninsulating</u>.] <def>To form into a peninsula.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>South River . . . <i>peninsulates</i> Castle Hill farm.</blockquote> <i>W. Bentley.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pe"nis</hw> (p&emacr;"n&ibreve;s), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>The male member, or organ of generation.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pen"i*tence</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>p&eacute;nitence</i>, L. <i>paenitentia</i>. See <u>Penitent</u>, and cf. <u>Penance</u>.] <def>The quality or condition of being penitent; the disposition of a penitent; sorrow for sins or faults; repentance; contrition.</def> "<i>Penitence</i> of his old guilt." <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Death is deferred, and <i>penitenance</i> has room<BR> To mitigate, if not reverse, the doom.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Repentance; contrition; compunction.</p>

<p><hw>Pen"i*ten*cer</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>p&eacute;nitencier</i>.] <def>A priest who heard confession and enjoined penance in extraordinary cases.</def> [Written also <i>penitenser</i>.] [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pen"i*ten*cy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Penitence.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Pen"i*tent</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [F. <i>p&eacute;nitent</i>, L. <i>paenitens</i>, <i>-entis</i>, <i>poenitens</i>, p. pr. of <i>paenitere</i>, <i>poenitere</i>, to cause to repent, to repent; prob. akin to <i>poena</i> punishment. See <u>Pain</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Feeling pain or sorrow on account of sins or offenses; repentant; contrite; sincerely affected by a sense of guilt, and resolved on amendment of life.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Be <i>penitent</i>, and for thy fault contrite.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The pound he tamed, the <i>penitent</i> he cheered.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Doing penance.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pen"i*tent</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who repents of sin; one sorrowful on account of his transgressions.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>One under church censure, but admitted to penance; one undergoing penance.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>One under the direction of a confessor.</def></p>

<p>&fist; <i>Penitents</i> is an appellation given to certain fraternities in Roman Catholic countries, distinguished by their habit, and employed in charitable acts.</p>

<p><hw>Pen`i*ten"tial</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>p&eacute;nitentiel</i>.] <def>Of or pertaining to penitence, or to penance; expressing penitence; of the nature of penance; as, the <i>penitential</i> book; <i>penitential</i> tears.</def> "<i>Penitential</i> stripes." <i>Cowper.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Guilt that all the <i>penitential</i> fires of hereafter can not cleanse.</blockquote> <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pen`i*ten"tial</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(R. C. Ch.)</i> <def>A book formerly used by priests hearing confessions, containing rules for the imposition of penances; — called also <i>penitential book</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pen`i*ten"tial*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a penitential manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pen`i*ten"tia*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>p&eacute;nitentiaire</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Relating to penance, or to the rules and measures of penance.</def> "A <i>penitentiary</i> tax." <i>Abp. Bramhall.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Expressive of penitence; as, a <i>penitentiary</i> letter.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Used for punishment, discipline, and reformation.</def> "<i>Penitentiary</i> houses." <i>Blackstone.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pen`i*ten"tia*ry</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Penitentiaries</b></plw> (#). [Cf. F. <i>p&eacute;nitencier</i>. See <u>Penitent</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who prescribes the rules and measures of penance.</def> [Obs.] <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>One who does penance.</def> [Obs.] <i>Hammond.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A small building in a monastery where penitents confessed.</def> <i>Shpiley.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>That part of a church to which penitents were admitted.</def> <i>Shipley.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <i>(R. C. Ch.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>An office of the papal court which examines cases of conscience, confession, absolution from vows, etc., and delivers decisions, dispensations, etc. Its chief is a cardinal, called the <i>Grand Penitentiary</i>, appointed by the pope.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>An officer in some dioceses since <u>A. D.</u> 1215, vested with power from the bishop to absolve in cases reserved to him.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>A house of correction, in which offenders are confined for punishment, discipline, and reformation, and in which they are generally compelled to labor.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pen`i*ten"tia*ry*ship</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The office or condition of a penitentiary of the papal court.</def> [R.] <i>Wood.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pen"i*tent*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a penitent manner.</def></p>

<p><! p. 1061 !></p>

<p><hw>Penk</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A minnow. See <u>Pink</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, 4.</def> [Prov. Eng.] <i>Walton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pen"knife`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Penknives</b></plw> (#). [<i>Pen</i> + <i>knife</i>.] <def>A small pocketknife; formerly, a knife used for making and mending quill pens.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pen"man</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Penmen</b></plw> (&?;). <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who uses the pen; a writer; esp., one skilled in the use of the pen; a calligrapher; a writing master.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>An author; a composer.</def> <i>South.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pen"man*ship</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The use of the pen in writing; the art of writing; style or manner of writing; chirography; as, good or bad <i>penmanship</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pen"na</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Penn&aelig;</b></plw> (#). [L.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A perfect, or normal, feather.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pen"na"ceous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Like or pertaining to a normal feather.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pen"nach</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>pennache</i>. See <u>Panache</u>.] <def>A bunch of feathers; a plume.</def> [Obs.] <i>Holland.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pen"nached</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. OF. <i>pennach&eacute;</i>. See <u>Panache</u>.] <def>Variegated; striped.</def> [Obs.] <i>Evelyn.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pen"nage</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>penna</i> feather.] <def>Feathery covering; plumage.</def> [Obs.] <i>Holland.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pen"nant</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>penon</i>, <i>penoun</i>, <i>pynoun</i>, OF. <i>penon</i>, F. <i>pennon</i>, fr. L. <i>penna</i> feather. See <u>Pen</u> a feather, and cf. <u>Pennon</u>, <u>Pinion</u>.] <i>(Naut.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A small flag; a pennon. The <i>narrow, or long, pennant</i> (called also <i>whip</i> or <i>coach whip</i>) is a long, narrow piece of bunting, carried at the masthead of a government vessel in commission. The <i>board pennant</i> is an oblong, nearly square flag, carried at the masthead of a commodore's vessel.</def> "With flags and <i>pennants</i> trimmed." <i>Drayton.</i> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A rope or strap to which a purchase is hooked.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pen"nate</hw> (?), <hw>Pen"na*ted</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>pennatus</i> feathered, winged, from <i>penna</i> feather, wing.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Winged; plume- shaped.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Pinnate</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pen*nat"u*la</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> L. <plw><b>Pennatul&aelig;</b></plw> (#), E. <plw><b>Pennatulas</b></plw> (#). [NL., fr. L. <i>penna</i> a feather.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any one of numerous species of <i>Pennatula</i>, <i>Pteroides</i>, and allied genera of Alcyonaria, having a featherlike form; a sea-pen. The zooids are situated along one edge of the side branches.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pen*nat`u*la"ce*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Pennatula</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A division of alcyonoid corals, including the seapens and related kinds. They are able to move about by means of the hollow muscular peduncle, which also serves to support them upright in the mud. See <u>Pennatula</u>, and <i>Illust.</i> under <u>Alcyonaria</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Penned</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Winged; having plumes.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Written with a pen; composed.</def> "Their <i>penned</i> speech." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pen"ner</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who pens; a writer.</def> <i>Sir T. North.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A case for holding pens.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Pen"ni*form</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>penna</i> feather + <i>-form</i>: cf. F. <i>penniforme</i>.] <def>Having the form of a feather or plume.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pen*nig"er*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>penniger</i>; <i>penna</i> feather + <i>gerere</i> to bear.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Bearing feathers or quills.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pen"ni*less</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [From <u>Penny</u>.] <def>Destitute of money; impecunious; poor.</def> — <wf>Pen"ni*less*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Pen"ni*nerved`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>penna</i> feather + E. <i>nerve</i>.] <def>Pinnately veined or nerved.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pen*nip"o*tent</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>pennipotens</i>; <i>penna</i> wing + <i>potens</i> strong.] <def>Strong of wing; strong on the wing.</def> [Poetic] <i>Davies (Holy Roode).</i></p>

<p><hw>Pen"non</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. <u>Pinion</u>.] <def>A wing; a pinion.</def> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pen"non</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Pennant</u>.] <def>A pennant; a flag or streamer.</def> <i>Longfellow.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pen"non*cel`</hw>, <hw>Pen"non*celle`</hw> (?) }, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>penoncel</i>. See <u>Pennant</u>.] <def>See <u>Pencel</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pen"ny</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Perh. a corruption of <i>pun</i>, for <i>pound</i>.] <def>Denoting pound weight for one thousand; — used in combination, with respect to nails; as, ten<i>penny</i> nails, nails of which one thousand weight ten pounds.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pen*ny</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Pennies</b></plw> (#) or <plw><b>Pence</b></plw> (&?;). <i>Pennies</i> denotes the number of coins; <i>pence</i> the amount of pennies in value. [OE. <i>peni</i>, AS. <i>penig</i>, <i>pening</i>, <i>pending</i>; akin to D. <i>penning</i>, OHG. <i>pfenning</i>, <i>pfenting</i>, G. <i>pfennig</i>, Icel. <i>penningr</i>; of uncertain origin.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>An English coin, formerly of copper, now of bronze, the twelfth part of an English shilling in account value, and equal to four farthings, or about two cents; — usually indicated by the abbreviation d. (the initial of <i>denarius</i>).</def></p>

<p>&fist; "The chief Anglo-Saxon coin, and for a long period the only one, corresponded to the <i>denarius</i> of the Continent . . . [and was] called <i>penny</i>, denarius, or denier." <i>R. S. Poole.</i> The ancient silver <i>penny</i> was worth about three pence sterling (see <u>Pennyweight</u>). The old Scotch <i>penny</i> was only one twelfth the value of the English coin. In the United States the word <i>penny</i> is popularly used for <i>cent</i>.</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Any small sum or coin; a groat; a stiver.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Money, in general; as, to turn an honest <i>penny</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>What <i>penny</i> hath Rome borne,<BR> What men provided, what munition sent?</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Script.)</i> <def>See <u>Denarius</u>.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Penny cress</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>an annual herb of the Mustard family, having round, flat pods like silver pennies (<i>Thlaspi arvense</i>).</cd> <i>Dr. Prior.</i> — <col><b>Penny dog</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a kind of shark found on the South coast of Britain: the tope.</cd> — <col><b>Penny father</b></col>, <cd>a penurious person; a niggard.</cd> [Obs.] <i>Robinson (More's Utopia).</i> — <col><b>Penny grass</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>pennyroyal.</cd> [R.] — <col><b>Penny post</b></col>, <cd>a post carrying a letter for a penny; also, a mail carrier.</cd> — <col><b>Penny wise</b></col>, <cd>wise or prudent only in small matters; saving small sums while losing larger; — used chiefly in the phrase, <i>penny wise</i> and pound foolish.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pen"ny</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Worth or costing one penny.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pen"ny-a-lin"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who furnishes matter to public journals at so much a line; a poor writer for hire; a hack writer.</def> <i>Thackeray.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pen`ny*roy"al</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [A corruption of OE. <i>puliall royal</i>. OE. <i>puliall</i> is ultimately derived fr. L. <i>puleium</i>, or <i>pulegium</i> regium (so called as being good against fleas), fr. <i>pulex</i> a flea; and <i>royal</i> is a translation of L. <i>regium</i>, in <i>puleium regium</i>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>An aromatic herb (<i>Mentha Pulegium</i>) of Europe; also, a North American plant (<i>Hedeoma pulegioides</i>) resembling it in flavor.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Bastard pennyroyal</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i> <cd>See <i>Blue curls</i>, under <u>Blue</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pen"ny*weight`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A troy weight containing twenty-four grains, or the twentieth part of an ounce; as, a <i>pennyweight</i> of gold or of arsenic. It was anciently the weight of a silver penny, whence the name.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pen"ny*wort`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A European trailing herb (<i>Linaria Cymbalaria</i>) with roundish, reniform leaves. It is often cultivated in hanging baskets.</def></p>

<p><col><b>March</b></col>, or <col><b>Water</b></col>, <col><b>pennywort</b></col>. <i>(Bot.)</i> <cd>See under <u>March</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pen"ny*worth`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A penny's worth; as much as may be bought for a penny.</def> "A dear <i>pennyworth</i>." <i>Evelyn.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Hence: The full value of one's penny expended; due return for money laid out; a good bargain; a bargain.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The priests sold the better <i>pennyworths</i>.</blockquote> <i>Locke.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A small quantity; a trifle.</def> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pen"ock</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Pend</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pen`o*log"ic*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to penology.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pe*nol"o*gist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One versed in, or a student of, penology.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pe*nol"o*gy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;, or L. <i>poena</i>, punishment + <i>-logy</i>.] <def>The science or art of punishment.</def> [Written also <i>p&oelig;nology</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Pen"rack`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A rack for pens not in use.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pens</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, <def><pos><i>pl.</i></pos> of <u>Penny</u>.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pen"sa*tive</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pensive.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shelton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pen"sel</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A pencel.</def> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pen"si*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Held aloft.</def> [Obs.] <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pen"sile</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>pensilis</i>, fr. <i>pendere</i> to hang: cf. OE. <i>pensil</i>. See <u>Pendant</u>.] <def>Hanging; suspended; pendent; pendulous.</def> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The long, <i>pensile</i> branches of the birches.</blockquote> <i>W. Howitt.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pen"sile*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>State or quality of being pensile; pendulousness.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pen"sion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., fr. L. <i>pensio</i> a paying, payment, fr. <i>pendere</i>, <i>pensum</i>, to weight, to pay; akin to <i>pend&?;re</i> to hang. See <u>Pendant</u>, and cf. <u>Spend</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A payment; a tribute; something paid or given.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>The stomach's <i>pension</i>, and the time's expense.</blockquote> <i>Sylvester.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A stated allowance to a person in consideration of past services; payment made to one retired from service, on account of age, disability, or other cause; especially, a regular stipend paid by a government to retired public officers, disabled soldiers, the families of soldiers killed in service, or to meritorious authors, or the like.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>To all that kept the city <i>pensions</i> and wages.</blockquote> <i>1 Esd. iv. 56.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A certain sum of money paid to a clergyman in lieu of tithes.</def> [Eng.] <i>Mozley & W.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> [F., pronounced &?;.] <def>A boarding house or boarding school in France, Belgium, Switzerland, etc.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pen"sion</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Pensioned</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Pensioning</u>.] <def>To grant a pension to; to pay a regular stipend to; in consideration of service already performed; — sometimes followed by <i>off</i>; as, to <i>pension</i> off a servant.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>One knighted Blackmore, and one <i>pensioned</i> Quarles.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pen"sion*a*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Maintained by a pension; receiving a pension; as, <i>pensionary</i> spies.</def> <i>Donne.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Consisting of a pension; as, a <i>pensionary</i> provision for maintenance.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pen"sion*a*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Pensionaries</b></plw> (#). [Cf. F. <i>pensionnaire</i>. Cf. <u>Pensioner</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who receives a pension; a pensioner.</def> <i>E. Hall.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>One of the chief magistrates of towns in Holland.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Grand pensionary</b></col>, <cd>the title of the prime minister, or or president of the Council, of Holland when a republic.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pen"sion*er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One in receipt of a pension; hence, figuratively, a dependent.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The fickle <i>pensioners</i> of Morpheus' train.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Old <i>pensioners</i> . . . of Chelsea Hospital.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>One of an honorable band of gentlemen who attend the sovereign of England on state occasions, and receive an annual pension, or allowance, of &pound;150 and two horses.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> [Cf. F. <i>pensionnaire</i> one who pays for his board. Cf. <u>Pensionary</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <def>In the university of Cambridge, England, one who pays for his living in commons; — corresponding to <i>commoner</i> at Oxford.</def> <i>Ld. Lytton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pen"sive</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [F. <i>pensif</i>, fr. <i>penser</i> to think, fr. L. <i>pensare</i> to weigh, ponder, consider, v. intens. fr. <i>pendere</i> to weigh. See <u>Pension</u>, <u>Poise</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Thoughtful, sober, or sad; employed in serious reflection; given to, or favorable to, earnest or melancholy musing.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>pensive</i> secrecy of desert cell.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Anxious cares the <i>pensive</i> nymph oppressed.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Expressing or suggesting thoughtfulness with sadness; as, <i>pensive</i> numbers.</def> <i>Prior.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pen"sived</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Made pensive.</def> [R.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pen"sive*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a pensive manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pen"sive*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The state of being pensive; serious thoughtfulness; seriousness.</def> <i>Hooker.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pen"stock</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Etymol. uncertain; perh. fr. <i>pen</i> an inclosure + <i>stock</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A close conduit or pipe for conducting water, as, to a water wheel, or for emptying a pond, or for domestic uses.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The barrel of a wooden pump.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pent</hw> (?), <pos><i>p. p. or a.</i></pos> [From <u>Pen</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>] <def>Penned or shut up; confined; — often with <i>up</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Here in the body <i>pent</i>.</blockquote> <i>J. Montgomery.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>No <i>pent-up</i> Utica contracts your powers.</blockquote> <i>J. M. Sewall.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pen"ta-</hw> (?). [Gr. &?;, a later combining form of &?; five. See <u>Five</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A combining form denoting <i>five</i>; as, <i>penta</i>capsular; <i>penta</i>gon.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Denoting the degree of <i>five</i>, either as regards quality, property, or composition; as, <i>penta</i>sulphide; <i>pent</i>oxide, etc. Also used adjectively.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pen`ta*ba"sic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Penta-</i> + <i>basic</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Capable of uniting with five molecules of a monacid base; having five acid hydrogen atoms capable of substitution by a basic radical; — said of certain acids.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pen`ta*cap"su*lar</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Penta-</i> + <i>capsular</i>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Having five capsules.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pen`ta*che"ni*um</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Penta-</u>, and <u>Achenium</u>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A dry fruit composed of five carpels, which are covered by an epigynous calyx and separate at maturity.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pen`ta*chlo"ride</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Penta-</i> + <i>chloride</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A chloride having five atoms of chlorine in each molecule.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pen"ta*chord</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>pentachordus</i> five-stringed, Gr. &?;; &?; five + &?; string.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>An ancient instrument of music with five strings.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>An order or system of five sounds.</def> <i>Busby.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pen*tac"id</hw> (&?;), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Pent</i>a- + <i>acid</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Capable of neutralizing, or combining with, five molecules of a monobasic acid; having five hydrogen atoms capable of substitution by acid residues; — said of certain complex bases.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pen"ta*cle</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; five.] <def>A figure composed of two equilateral triangles intersecting so as to form a six-pointed star, — used in early ornamental art, and also with superstitious import by the astrologers and mystics of the Middle Ages.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pen`ta*coc"cous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See <u>Penta- </u>, <u>Coccus</u>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Composed of five united carpels with one seed in each, as certain fruits.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pen"ta*con`ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Gr. Antiq.)</i> <def>See <u>Penteconter</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pen*tac"ri*nin</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Physiol. Chem.)</i> <def>A red and purple pigment found in certain crinoids of the genus Pentacrinus.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pen*tac"ri*nite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Penta-</i> + Gr. &?; a lily.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any species of Pentacrinus.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pen*tac"ri*noid</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Pentacrinus</i> + <i>-oid</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>An immature comatula when it is still attached by a stem, and thus resembles a Pentacrinus.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pen*tac"ri*nus</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Penta-</u>, and <u>Crinum</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A genus of large, stalked crinoids, of which several species occur in deep water among the West Indies and elsewhere.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pen*ta"cron</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> L. <plw><b>Pentacra</b></plw> (#), E. <plw><b>Pentacrons</b></plw> (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; five + &?; a summit.] <i>(Geom.)</i> <def>A solid having five summits or angular points.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pen`ta*cros"tic</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Penta-</i> + <i>acrostic</i>.] <def>A set of verses so disposed that the name forming the subject of the acrostic occurs five times — the whole set of verses being divided into five different parts from top to bottom.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pen"tad</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;, &?;, a body of five, fr. &?; five.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Any element, atom, or radical, having a valence of five, or which can be combined with, substituted for, or compared with, five atoms of hydrogen or other monad; as, nitrogen is a <i>pentad</i> in the ammonium compounds.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pen"tad</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Having the valence of a pentad.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pen`ta*dac"tyl</hw>, <hw>Pen`ta*dac"tyle</hw> } (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; with five fingers or toes. See <u>Penta- </u>, and <u>Dactyl</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Having five digits to the hand or foot.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Having five appendages resembling fingers or toes.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pen`ta*dac"tyl*oid</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Pentadactyl</i> + <i>-oid</i>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Having the form of, or a structure modified from, a pentadactyl limb.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pen`ta*dec"ane</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Penta-</i> + Gr. &?; ten.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A hydrocarbon of the paraffin series, (C<sub>15</sub>H<sub>32</sub>) found in petroleum, tar oil, etc., and obtained as a colorless liquid; — so called from the <i>fifteen</i> carbon atoms in the molecule.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pen`ta*dec`a*to"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Penta- </i> + <i>decatoic</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Of, pertaining to, or derived from, pentadecane, or designating an acid related to it.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pen`ta*decyl"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Penta-</i> + <i>decylic</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Quindecylic</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pen`ta*del"phous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Penta-</i> + Gr. &?; brother.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Having the stamens arranged in five clusters, those of each cluster having their filaments more or less united, as the flowers of the linden.</def></p>

<p><! p. 1062 !></p>

<p><hw>Pen"ta*fid</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Penta-</i> + root of L. <i>findere</i> to split.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Divided or cleft into five parts.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pen"ta*glot</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Penta-</i> + <i>-glot</i>, as in <i>polyglot</i>.] <def>A work in five different tongues.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pen"ta*gon</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;; &?; (see <u>Penta-</u>) + <grk>gwni`a</grk> angle: cf. L. <i>pentagonium</i>, F. <i>pentagone</i>.] <i>(Geom.)</i> <def>A plane figure having five angles, and, consequently, five sides; any figure having five angles.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Regular pentagon</b></col>, <cd>a pentagon in which the angles are all equal, and the sides all equal.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pen*tag"o*nal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>pentagonal</i>, <i>pentagone</i>, L. <i>pentagonus</i>, <i>pentagonius</i>, Gr. &?;.] <def>Having five corners or angles.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Pentagonal dodecahedron</b></col>. <cd>See <u>Dodecahedron</u>, and <u>Pyritohedron</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pen*tag"o*nal*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In the form of a pentagon; with five angles.</def> <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pen*tag"o*nous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pentagonal.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pen"ta*gram</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;, neut. of &?; having five lines. See <u>Penta-</u>, and <u>-gram</u>.] <def>A pentacle or a pentalpha.</def> "Like a wizard <i>pentagram</i>." <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pen`ta*graph"ic</hw> (?), <hw>Pen`ta*graph"ic*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Corrupted fr. <i>pantographic</i>, <i>- ical</i>.] <def>Pantographic. See <u>Pantograph</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pen`ta*gyn"i*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?; (see <u>Penta-</u>) + &?; female.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A Linn&aelig;an order of plants, having five styles or pistils.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pen`ta*gyn"i*an</hw> (?), <hw>Pen*tag"y*nous</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to plants of the order Pentagyna; having five styles.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pen`ta*he"dral</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having five sides; as, a <i>pentahedral</i> figure.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pen`ta*hed"ric*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pentahedral.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Pen`ta*he"dron</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Penta-</i> + Gr. <grk>"e`dra</grk> seat, base.] <def>A solid figure having five sides.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pen`ta*he"drous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pentahedral.</def> <i>Woodward.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pen"tail`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A peculiar insectivore (<i>Ptilocercus Lowii</i>) of Borneo; — so called from its very long, quill-shaped tail, which is scaly at the base and plumose at the tip.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pen*tal"pha</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?;: cf. F. <i>pentalpha</i>. See <u>Penta-</u>, and <u>Alpha</u>.] <def>A five-pointed star, resembling five alphas joined at their bases; — used as a symbol.</def> </p>

<p><hw>||Pen*tam"e*ra</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Pentamerous</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>An extensive division of Coleoptera, including those that normally have five-jointed tarsi. It embraces about half of all the known species of the Coleoptera.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pen*tam"er*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of the Pentamera.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pen*tam"er*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Penta-</i> + Gr. &?; part.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>Divided into, or consisting of, five parts; also, arranged in sets, with five parts in each set, as a flower with five sepals, five petals, five, or twice five, stamens, and five pistils.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Belonging to the Pentamera.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pen*tam"e*rus</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Pentamerous</u>.] <i>(Paleon.)</i> <def>A genus of extinct Paleozoic brachiopods, often very abundant in the Upper Silurian.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Pentamerus limestone</b></col> <i>(Geol.)</i>, <cd>a Silurian limestone composed largely of the shells of Pentamerus.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pen*tam"e*ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., fr. Gr. &?;; &?; (see <u>Penta-</u>) + &?; measure.] <i>(Gr. & L.Pros.)</i> <def>A verse of five feet.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The dactylic pentameter consists of two parts separated by a di&aelig;resis. Each part consists of two dactyls and a long syllable. The spondee may take the place of the dactyl in the first part, but not in the second. The <i>elegiac distich</i> consists of the hexameter followed by the pentameter. <i>Harkness.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pen*tam"e*ter</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having five metrical feet.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pen`ta*meth"yl*ene</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Penta- </i> + <i>methylene</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A hypothetical hydrocarbon, C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>10</sub>, metameric with the amylenes, and the nucleus of a large number of derivatives; — so named because regarded as composed of five methylene residues. Cf. <u>Trimethylene</u>, and <u>Tetramethylene</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pen*tan"dri*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?; (see <u>Penta-</u>) + &?;, &?;, man, male.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A Linn&aelig;an class of plants having five separate stamens.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pen*tan"dri*an</hw> (?), <hw>Pen*tan"drous</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to the class Pentadria; having five stamens.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pen"tane</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Penta-</u>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Any one of the three metameric hydrocarbons, C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>12</sub>, of the methane or paraffin series. They are colorless, volatile liquids, two of which occur in petroleum. So called because of the <i>five</i> carbon atoms in the molecule.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pen"tan`gle</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Pent</i>a- + <i>angle</i>.] <def>A pentagon.</def> [R.] <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pen*tan"gu*lar</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Pent</i>a- + <i>angular</i>.] <def>Having five corners or angles.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Pen`ta*pet"al*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Penta-</i> + <i>petal</i>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Having five petals, or flower leaves.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pen*taph"yl*lous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Penta-</i> + Gr. &?; leaf.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Having five leaves or leaflets.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pen*tap"o*dy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Penta-</i> + Gr. &?;, &?;, foot.] <i>(Pros.)</i> <def>A measure or series consisting of five feet.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pen"tap*tote</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. (<i>pl</i>.) <i>pentaptota</i>. Gr. &?; with five cases; &?; (see <u>Penta-</u>) + &?; falling.] <i>(Gram.)</i> <def>A noun having five cases.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pen"tap*tych</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Penta-</i> + Gr. &?;, &?;, a fold.] <i>(Fine Arts)</i> <def>A picture, or combination of pictures, consisting of a centerpiece and double folding doors or wings, as for an altarpiece.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pen"tar*chy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;: cf. F. <i>pentarchie</i>. See <u>Penta-</u>, and <u>-archy</u>.] <def>A government in the hands of five persons; five joint rulers.</def> <i>P. Fletcher.</i> "The <i>pentarchy</i> of the senses." <i>A. Brewer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pen"ta*spast</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>pentaspaston</i>, Gr. &?; (see <u>Penta-</u>) + &?; to pull: cf. F. <i>pentaspaste</i>.] <def>A purchase with five pulleys.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Pen`ta*sper"mous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Penta-</i> + Gr. &?; seed.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Containing five seeds.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pen"ta*stich</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; of five verses; &?; (see <u>Penta-</u>) + &?; line, verse.] <def>A composition consisting of five verses.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pen*tas"ti*chous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Penta-</i> + Gr. &?; a row.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Having, or arranged in, five vertical ranks, as the leaves of an apple tree or a cherry tree.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pen`ta*stom"i*da</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr. &?; (see <u>Penta-</u>) + &?; a mouth.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Linguatulina</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pen"ta*style</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Penta-</i> + Gr. &?; a pillar.] <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>Having five columns in front; - - said of a temple or portico in classical architecture.</def> — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A portico having five columns.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pen"ta*teuch</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>pentateuchus</i>, Gr. &?;; &?; (see <u>Penta-</u>) + &?; a tool, implement, a book, akin to &?; to prepare, make ready, and perh. to E. <i>text</i>. See <u>Five</u>, and <u>Text</u>.] <def>The first five books of the Old Testament, collectively; — called also the <i>Law of Moses</i>, <i>Book of the Law of Moses</i>, etc.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pen`ta*teu"chal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to the Pentateuch.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pen`ta*thi*on"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Penta-</i> + <i>thionic</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, an acid of sulphur obtained by leading hydrogen sulphide into a solution of sulphur dioxide; — so called because it contains <i>five</i> atoms of sulphur.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pen*tath"lon</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?;; &?; five + &?; a contest.] <i>(Gr. Antiq.)</i> <def>A fivefold athletic performance peculiar to the great national games of the Greeks, including leaping, foot racing, wrestling, throwing the discus, and throwing the spear.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pen`ta*tom"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Penta-</i> + <i>atomic</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>Having five atoms in the molecule.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>Having five hydrogen atoms capable of substitution.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pen*tav"a*lent</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Penta-</i> + L. <i>valens</i>, p. pr. See <u>Valence</u>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Having a valence of five; — said of certain atoms and radicals.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pen"te*con`ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; (sc. &?;), fr. &?; fifty.] <i>(Gr. Antiq.)</i> <def>A Grecian vessel with fifty oars.</def> [Written also <i>pentaconter</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Pen"te*cost</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>pentecoste</i>, Gr. &?; (sc. &?;) the fiftieth day, Pentecost, fr. &?; fiftieth, fr. &?; fifty, fr. &?; five. See <u>Five</u>, and cf. <u>Pingster</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A solemn festival of the Jews; — so called because celebrated on the fiftieth day (seven weeks) after the second day of the Passover (which fell on the sixteenth of the Jewish month Nisan); — hence called, also, the <i>Feast of Weeks</i>. At this festival an offering of the first fruits of the harvest was made. By the Jews it was generally regarded as commemorative of the gift of the law on the fiftieth day after the departure from Egypt.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A festival of the Roman Catholic and other churches in commemoration of the descent of the Holy Spirit on the apostles; which occurred on the day of Pentecost; — called also <i>Whitsunday</i>.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pen`te*cos"tal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to Pentecost or to Whitsuntide.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pen`te*cos"tals</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> <def>Offerings formerly made to the parish priest, or to the mother church, at Pentecost.</def> <i>Shipley.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pen`te*cos"ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; fifty.] <i>(Gr. Antiq.)</i> <def>An officer in the Spartan army commanding fifty men.</def> <i>Mitford.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pen`te*cos"ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Pentecosties</b></plw> (#). [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; the fiftieth, &?; fifty.] <i>(Gr. Antiq.)</i> <def>A troop of fifty soldiers in the Spartan army; — called also <i>pentecostys</i>.</def> <i>Jowett (Thucyd. ).</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pen*tel"ic</hw> (?), <hw>Pen*tel"i*can</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to Mount Pentelicus, near Athens, famous for its fine white marble quarries; obtained from Mount Pentelicus; as, the <i>Pentelic</i> marble of which the Parthenon is built.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pen"tene</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Penta-</u>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Amylene</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pent"house`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [A corruption of <i>pentice</i>.] <def>A shed or roof sloping from the main wall or building, as over a door or window; a lean-to. Also figuratively.</def> "The <i>penthouse</i> of his eyes." <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pent"house`</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Leaning; overhanging.</def> "<i>Penthouse</i> lid." <i>Shak.</i> "My <i>penthouse</i> eyebrows." <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pen"tice</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>appentis</i> a penthouse. See <u>Append</u>.] <def>A penthouse.</def> [Obs.] <i>Sir H. Wotton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pen"tile`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Pantile</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pen"tine</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Penta-</u>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>An unsaturated hydrocarbon, C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>8</sub>, of the acetylene series. Same as <u>Valerylene</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pen*to"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See <u>Penta-</u>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Pertaining to, or desingating, an acid (called also <i>valeric acid</i>) derived from pentane.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pen"tone</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Penta-</u>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Valylene</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pen*tox"ide</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Penta-</i> + <i>oxide</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>An oxide containing five atoms of oxygen in each molecule; as, phosphorus <i>pentoxide</i>, P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pen"tre*mite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any species of Pentremites.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pen`tre*mi"tes</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., from Gr. &?; five + L. <i>remus</i> an oar.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A genus of crinoids belonging to the Blastoidea. They have five petal-like ambulacra.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pent"roof`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>pente</i> slope + E. <i>roof</i>, or from <i>pent</i>house <i>roof</i>.] <def>See <u>Lean-to</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pen"trough`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A penstock.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pen"tyl</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Pent</i>a + <i>- yl</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>The hypothetical radical, C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>11</sub>, of pentane and certain of its derivatives. Same as <u>Amyl</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pen*tyl"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pertaining to, derived from, or containing, pentyl; as, <i>pentylic</i> alcohol</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pe"nu*chle</hw> (?), <hw>Pin"o*cle</hw> (?) }, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A game at cards, played with forty-eight cards, being all the cards above the eight spots in two packs.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pe"nult</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Abbreviated fr. <i>penultima</i>.] <i>(Gram. & Pros.)</i> <def>The last syllable but one of a word; the syllable preceding the final one.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pe*nul"ti*ma</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. (sc. <i>syllaba</i>), fr. <i>penultimus</i>, <i>paenultimus</i>, the last but one; <i>paene</i> almost + <i>ultimus</i> the last.] <def>Same as <u>Penult</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pe*nul"ti*mate</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Last but one; as, the <i>penultimate</i> syllable, the last syllable but one of a word.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pe*nul"ti*mate</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The penult.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pe*num"bra</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. L. <i>paene</i> almost + <i>umbra</i> shade.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>An incomplete or partial shadow.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Astron.)</i> <def>The shadow cast, in an eclipse, where the light is partly, but not wholly, cut off by the intervening body; the space of partial illumination between the umbra, or perfect shadow, on all sides, and the full light.</def> <i>Sir I. Newton.</i></p>

<p>&fist; The faint shade surrounding the dark central portion of a solar spot is also called the <i>penumbra</i>, and sometimes <i>umbra</i>.</p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Paint.)</i> <def>The part of a picture where the shade imperceptibly blends with the light.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pe*num"brala</hw>. <def>Of or pertaining to a penumbra; resembling a penumbra; partially illuminated.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pe*nu"ri*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [From <u>Penury</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Excessively sparing in the use of money; sordid; stingy; miserly.</def> "A <i>penurious</i> niggard of his wealth." <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Not bountiful or liberal; scanty.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Here creeps along a poor, <i>penurious</i> stream.</blockquote> <i>C. Pitt.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Destitute of money; suffering extreme want.</def> [Obs.] "My <i>penurious</i> band." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Avaricious; covetous; parsimonious; miserly; niggardly; stingy. See <u>Avaricious</u>.</p>

<p>—<wf>Pe*nu"ri*ous*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Pe*nu"ri*ous*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Pen"u*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>penuria</i>; cf. Gr. &?; hunger, &?; poverty, need, &?; one who works for his daily bread, a poor man, &?; to work for one's daily bread, to be poor: cf. F. <i>p&eacute;nurie</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Absence of resources; want; privation; indigence; extreme poverty; destitution.</def> "A <i>penury</i> of military forces." <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>They were exposed to hardship and <i>penury</i>.</blockquote> <i>Sprat.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>It arises in neither from <i>penury</i> of thought.</blockquote> <i>Landor.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Penuriousness; miserliness.</def> [Obs.] <i>Jer. Taylor.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pen"wip`er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A cloth, or other material, for wiping off or cleaning ink from a pen.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pen"wom`an</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Penwomen</b></plw> (&?;). <def>A female writer; an authoress.</def> <i>Johnson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pe"on</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Poon</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pe"on</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Sp. <i>peon</i>, or Pg. <i>pe&?;o</i>, one who travels on foot, a foot soldier, a pawn in chess. See <u>Pawn</u> in chess.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A foot soldier; a policeman; also, an office attendant; a messenger.</def> [India]</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A day laborer; a servant; especially, in some of the Spanish American countries, debtor held by his creditor in a form of qualified servitude, to work out a debt.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Chess)</i> <def>See 2d <u>Pawn</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pe"on*age</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The condition of a peon.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pe"on*ism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Peonage</u>.</def> <i>D. Webster.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pe"o*ny</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Peonies</b></plw> (#). [OE. <i>pione</i>, <i>pioine</i>, <i>pioni</i>, OF. <i>pione</i>, F. <i>pivoine</i>, L. <i>paeonia</i>, Gr. &?;, fr. &?;, &?;, the god of healing. Cf. <u>P&aelig;an</u>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A plant, and its flower, of the ranunculaceous genus <i>P&aelig;onia</i>. Of the four or five species, one is a shrub; the rest are perennial herbs with showy flowers, often double in cultivation.</def> [Written also <i>p&aelig;ony</i>, and <i>piony</i>.]</p>

<p><! p. 1063 !></p>

<p><hw>Peo"ple</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>peple</i>, <i>people</i>, OF. <i>pueple</i>, F. <i>peuple</i>, fr. L. <i>populus</i>. Cf. <u>Populage</u>, <u>Public</u>, <u>Pueblo</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The body of persons who compose a community, tribe, nation, or race; an aggregate of individuals forming a whole; a community; a nation.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Unto him shall the gathering of the <i>people</i> be.</blockquote> <i>Gen. xlix. 10.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The ants are a <i>people</i> not strong.</blockquote> <i>Prov. xxx. 25.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Before many <i>peoples</i>, and nations, and tongues.</blockquote> <i>Rev. x. 11.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Earth's monarchs are her <i>peoples</i>.</blockquote> <i>Whitter.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>A government of all the <i>people</i>, by all the <i>people</i>, for all the <i>people</i>.</blockquote> <i>T. Parker.</i></p>

<p>&fist; <i>People</i>is a collective noun, generally construed with a plural verb, and only occasionally used in the plural form (<i>peoples</i>), in the sense of nations or races.</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Persons, generally; an indefinite number of men and women; folks; population, or part of population; as, country <i>people</i>; — sometimes used as an indefinite subject or verb, like <i>on</i> in French, and <i>man</i> in German; as, <i>people</i> in adversity.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>People</i> were tempted to lend by great premiums.</blockquote> <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><blockquote><i>People</i> have lived twenty-four days upon nothing but water.</blockquote> <i>Arbuthnot.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>The mass of comunity as distinguished from a special class; the commonalty; the populace; the vulgar; the common crowd; as, nobles and <i>people</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>And strive to gain his pardon from the <i>people</i>.</blockquote> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> With a possessive pronoun: <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>One's ancestors or family; kindred; relations; as, my <i>people</i> were English.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>One's subjects; fellow citizens; companions; followers.</def> "You slew great number of his <i>people</i>." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — <u>People</u>, <u>Nation</u>. When speaking of a state, we use <i>people</i> for the mass of the community, as distinguished from their rulers, and <i>nation</i> for the entire political body, including the rulers. In another sense of the term, <i>nation</i> describes those who are descended from the same stock; and in this sense the Germans regard themselves as one <i>nation</i>, though politically subject to different forms of government.</p>

<p><hw>Peo"ple</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Peopled</u> <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Peopling</u> (&?;).] [Cf. OF. <i>popler</i>, <i>puepler</i>, F. <i>puepler</i>. Cf. <u>Populate</u>.] <def>To stock with people or inhabitants; to fill as with people; to populate.</def> "<i>Peopled</i> heaven with angels." <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>As the gay motes that <i>people</i> the sunbeams.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Peo"pled</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Stocked with, or as with, people; inhabited.</def> "The <i>peopled</i> air." <i>Gray.</i></p>

<p><hw>Peo"ple*less</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Destitute of people.</def> <i>Poe.</i></p>

<p><hw>Peo"pler</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A settler; an inhabitant.</def> "<i>Peoplers</i> of the peaceful glen." <i>J. S. Blackie.</i></p>

<p><hw>Peo"plish</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Vulgar.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pe*o"ri*as</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos>; sing. <singw><b>Peoria</b></singw> (&?;). <i>(Ethnol.)</i> <def>An Algonquin tribe of Indians who formerly inhabited a part of Illinois.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pe*pas"tic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a. & n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; to ripen, suppurate: cf. F. <i>p&eacute;pastique</i>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Maturative</u>.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pep"e*rine</hw> (?), <hw>||Pep`e*ri"no</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [It. <i>peperino</i>, L. <i>piper</i> pepper. So called on account of its color.] <i>(Geol.)</i> <def>A volcanic rock, formed by the cementing together of sand, scoria, cinders, etc.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pep"lis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., a kind of plant, Gr. &?;.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A genus of plants including water purslane.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pep"lus</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., fr. Gr. &?;.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>An upper garment worn by Grecian and Roman women.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A kind of kerchief formerly worn by Englishwomen.</def> [Obs.] <i>Fairholt.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Pe"po</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., a kind of melon, from Gr. &?;.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Any fleshy fruit with a firm rind, as a pumpkin, melon, or gourd. See <u>Gourd</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pep"per</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>peper</i>, AS. <i>pipor</i>, L. <i>piper</i>, fr. Gr. &?;, &?;, akin to Skr. <i>pippala</i>, <i>pippali</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A well-known, pungently aromatic condiment, the dried berry, either whole or powdered, of the <i>Piper nigrum</i>.</def></p>

<p>&fist; <i>Common</i>, or <i>black</i>, <i>pepper</i> is made from the whole berry, dried just before maturity; <i>white pepper</i> is made from the ripe berry after the outer skin has been removed by maceration and friction. It has less of the peculiar properties of the plant than the black pepper. Pepper is used in medicine as a carminative stimulant.</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The plant which yields pepper, an East Indian woody climber (<i>Piper nigrum</i>), with ovate leaves and apetalous flowers in spikes opposite the leaves. The berries are red when ripe. Also, by extension, any one of the several hundred species of the genus <i>Piper</i>, widely dispersed throughout the tropical and subtropical regions of the earth.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Any plant of the genus Capsicum, and its fruit; red pepper; as, the bell <i>pepper</i>.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The term <i>pepper</i> has been extended to various other fruits and plants, more or less closely resembling the true pepper, esp. to the common varieties of <i>Capsicum</i>. See <u>Capsicum</u>, and the Phrases, below.</p>

<p><col><b>African pepper</b></col>, <cd>the Guinea pepper. See under <u>Guinea</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Cayenne pepper</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Cayenne</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Chinese pepper</b></col>, <cd>the spicy berries of the <i>Xanthoxylum piperitum</i>, a species of prickly ash found in China and Japan.</cd> — <col><b>Guinea pepper</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Guinea</u>, and <u>Capsicum</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Jamaica pepper</b></col>. <cd>See <u>Allspice</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Long pepper</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>The spike of berries of <i>Piper longum</i>, an East Indian shrub</cd>. <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>The root of <i>Piper, or Macropiper, methysticum</i>. See <u>Kava</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Malaguetta</b></col>, or <col><b>Meleguetta</b></col>, <col><b>pepper</b></col>, <cd>the aromatic seeds of the <i>Amomum Melegueta</i>, an African plant of the Ginger family. They are sometimes used to flavor beer, etc., under the name of <i>grains of Paradise</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Red pepper</b></col>. <cd>See <u>Capsicum</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Sweet pepper bush</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>an American shrub (<i>Clethra alnifolia</i>), with racemes of fragrant white flowers; — called also <i>white alder</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Pepper box</b></col> or <col><b>caster</b></col>, <cd>a small box or bottle, with a perforated lid, used for sprinkling ground pepper on food, etc.</cd> — <col><b>Pepper corn</b></col>. <cd>See in the Vocabulary.</cd> — <col><b>Pepper elder</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>a West Indian name of several plants of the Pepper family, species of <i>Piper</i> and <i>Peperomia</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Pepper moth</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a European moth (<i>Biston betularia</i>) having white wings covered with small black specks.</cd> — <col><b>Pepper pot</b></col>, <cd>a mucilaginous soup or stew of vegetables and cassareep, much esteemed in the West Indies.</cd> — <col><b>Pepper root</b></col>. <i>(Bot.)</i>. <cd>See <u>Coralwort</u>.</cd> — <col><b>pepper sauce</b></col>, <cd>a condiment for the table, made of small red peppers steeped in vinegar.</cd> — <col><b>Pepper tree</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>an aromatic tree (<i>Drimys axillaris</i>) of the Magnolia family, common in New Zealand. See <i>Peruvian mastic tree</i>, under <u>Mastic</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pep"per</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Peppered</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Peppering</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To sprinkle or season with pepper.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Figuratively: To shower shot or other missiles, or blows, upon; to pelt; to fill with shot, or cover with bruises or wounds.</def> "I have <i>peppered</i> two of them." "I am <i>peppered</i>, I warrant, for this world." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pep"per</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To fire numerous shots (at).</def></p>

<p><hw>Pep"per*brand`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>See 1st <u>Bunt</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pep"per*corn`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A dried berry of the black pepper (<i>Piper nigrum</i>).</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Anything insignificant; a particle.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pep"per dulse`</hw> (?). <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A variety of edible seaweed (<i>Laurencia pinnatifida</i>) distinguished for its pungency.</def> [Scot.] <i>Lindley.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pep"per*er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A grocer; — formerly so called because he sold pepper.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Pep"per*grass`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>Any herb of the cruciferous genus <i>Lepidium</i>, especially the garden peppergrass, or garden cress, <i>Lepidium sativum</i>; — called also <i>pepperwort</i>. All the species have a pungent flavor.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The common pillwort of Europe (<i>Pilularia globulifera</i>). See <u>Pillwort</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pep"per*idge</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. NL. <i>berberis</i>, E. <i>barberry</i>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A North American tree (<i>Nyssa multiflora</i>) with very tough wood, handsome oval polished leaves, and very acid berries, — the sour gum, or common tupelo. See <u>Tupelo</u>.</def> [Written also <i>piperidge</i> and <i>pipperidge</i>.]</p>

<p><col><b>Pepperidge bush</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>the barberry.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pep"per*ing</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Hot; pungent; peppery.</def> <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pep"per*mint</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Pepper</i> + <i>mint</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>An aromatic and pungent plant of the genus <i>Mentha</i> (<i>M. piperita</i>), much used in medicine and confectionery.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A volatile oil (oil of peppermint) distilled from the fresh herb; also, a well-known essence or spirit (essence of peppermint) obtained from it.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A lozenge of sugar flavored with peppermint.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Peppermint</b></col><cd> camphor. <i>(Chem.)</i> Same as <u>Menthol</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Peppermint tree</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>a name given to several Australian species of gum tree (<i>Eucalyptus amygdalina</i>, <i>E. piperita</i>, <i>E. odorata</i>, etc.) which have hard and durable wood, and yield an essential oil.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pep"per*wort`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>See <u>Peppergrass</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pep"per*y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Of or pertaining to pepper; having the qualities of pepper; hot; pungent.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Fig.: Hot-tempered; passionate; choleric.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pep"sin</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; a cooking, digesting, digestion, fr. &?;, &?;, to cook, digest: cf. F. <i>pepsine</i>. Cf. <u>Dyspepsia</u>.] <i>(Physiol. Chem.)</i> <def>An unorganized proteolytic ferment or enzyme contained in the secretory glands of the stomach. In the gastric juice it is united with dilute hydrochloric acid (0.2 per cent, approximately) and the two together constitute the active portion of the digestive fluid. It is the active agent in the gastric juice of all animals.</def></p>

<p>&fist; As prepared from the glandular layer of pigs' or calves' stomachs it constitutes an important article of pharmacy.</p>

<p><hw>Pep`sin*hy`dro*chlo"ric</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Physiol. Chem.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Peptohydrochloric</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pep*sin"o*gen</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Pepsin</i> + <i>-gen</i>.] <i>(Physiol. Chem.)</i> <def>The antecedent of the ferment pepsin. A substance contained in the form of granules in the peptic cells of the gastric glands. It is readily convertible into pepsin. Also called <i>propepsin</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pep"tic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>pepticus</i>, Gr. &?;. See <u>Pepsin</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Relating to digestion; promoting digestion; digestive; as, <i>peptic</i> sauces.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Able to digest.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Tolerably nutritive for a mind as yet so <i>peptic</i>.</blockquote> <i>Carlyle.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Physiol. Chem.)</i> <def>Pertaining to pepsin; resembling pepsin in its power of digesting or dissolving albuminous matter; containing or yielding pepsin, or a body of like properties; as, the <i>peptic</i> glands.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pep"tic</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>An agent that promotes digestion.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>pl.</i> <def>The digestive organs.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Is there some magic in the place,<BR> Or do my <i>peptics</i> differ?</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pep"tics</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The science of digestion.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pep"to*gen</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Pepto</i>ne + <i>-gen</i>.] <i>(Physiol.)</i> <def>A substance convertible into peptone.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pep`to*gen"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Peptogenous</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pep*tog"e*nous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Physiol. Chem.)</i> <def>Capable of yielding, or being converted into, peptone.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pep`to*hy`dro*chlo"ric</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See <u>Peptone</u>, and <u>Hydrochloric</u>.] <i>(Physiol. Chem.)</i> <def>Designating a hypothetical acid (called <i>peptohydrochloric acid</i>, <i>pepsinhydrochloric acid</i>, and <i>chloropeptic</i> acid) which is supposed to be formed when pepsin and dilute (0.1-0.4 per cent) hydrochloric acid are mixed together.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pep"tone</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; cooked.] <i>(Physiol. Chem.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The soluble and diffusible substance or substances into which albuminous portions of the food are transformed by the action of the gastric and pancreatic juices. Peptones are also formed from albuminous matter by the action of boiling water and boiling dilute acids.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>Collectively, in a broader sense, all the products resulting from the solution of albuminous matter in either gastric or pancreatic juice. In this case, however, intermediate products (albumose bodies), such as <i>antialbumose</i>, <i>hemialbumose</i>, etc., are mixed with the true peptones. Also termed <i>albuminose</i>.</def> </p>

<p>&fist; Pure peptones are of three kinds, <i>amphopeptone</i>, <i>antipeptone</i>, and <i>hemipeptone</i>, and, unlike the albumose bodies, are not precipitated by saturating their solutions with ammonium sulphate.</p>

<p><hw>Pep"to*nize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <i>(Physiol.)</i> <def>To convert into peptone; to digest or dissolve by means of a proteolytic ferment; as, <i>peptonized</i> food.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pep"to*noid</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Peptone</i> + <i>-oid</i>.] <i>(Physiol. Chem.)</i> <def>A substance related to peptone.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pep`to*nu"ri*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Peptone</u>, and <u>Urine</u>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>The presence of peptone, or a peptonelike body, in the urine.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pep`to*tox"ine</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Pepto</i>ne + <i>tox</i>ic + <i>-ine</i>.] <i>(Physiol. Chem.)</i> <def>A toxic alkaloid found occasionally associated with the peptones formed from fibrin by pepsinhydrochloric acid.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pe"quots</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos>; sing. <singw><b>Pequot</b></singw> (&?;). <i>(Ethnol.)</i> <def>A tribe of Indians who formerly inhabited Eastern Connecticut.</def> [Written also <i>Pequods</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Per-</hw> (?). [See <u>Per</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A prefix used to signify <i>through</i>, <i>throughout</i>, <i>by</i>, <i>for</i>, or as an <i>intensive</i> as <i>per</i>haps, by hap or chance; <i>per</i>ennial, that lasts throughout the year; <i>per</i>force, through or by force; <i>per</i>foliate, <i>per</i>forate; <i>per</i>spicuous, evident throughout or very evident; <i>per</i>plex, literally, to entangle very much.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Originally, denoting that the element to the name of which it is prefixed in the respective compounds exercised its <i>highest valence</i>; now, only that the element has a <i>higher valence</i> than in other similar compounds; thus, barium <i>per</i>oxide is the highest oxide of barium; while nitrogen and manganese <i>per</i>oxides, so-called, are not the highest oxides of those elements.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per</hw> (?), <pos><i>prep.</i></pos> [L. Cf. <u>Far</u>, <u>For-</u>, <u>Pardon</u>, and cf. <u>Par</u>, <i>prep</i>.] <def>Through; by means of; through the agency of; by; for; for each; as, <i>per</i> annum; <i>per</i> capita, by heads, or according to individuals; <i>per</i> curiam, by the court; <i>per</i> se, by itself, of itself. <i>Per</i> is also sometimes used with English words.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Per annum</b></col>, <cd>by the year; in each successive year; annually.</cd> — <col><b>Per cent</b></col>, <col><b>Per centum</b></col>, <cd>by the hundred; in the hundred; — used esp. of proportions of ingredients, rate or amount of interest, and the like; commonly used in the shortened form <i>per cent</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Per diem</b></col>, <cd>by the day.</cd> [For other phrases from the Latin, see Quotations, Phrases, etc., from Foreign Languages, in the Supplement.]</p>

<p><hw>Per*act"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [L. <i>peractus</i>, p. p. of <i>peragere</i>.] <def>To go through with; to perform.</def> [Obs.] <i>Sylvester.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per`a*cute"</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>peracutus</i>. See <u>Per-</u>, and <u>Acute</u>.] <def>Very sharp; very violent; as, a <i>peracute</i> fever.</def> [R.] <i>Harvey.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per`ad*ven"ture</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv. & conj.</i></pos> [OE. <i>per aventure</i>, F. <i>par aventure</i>. See <u>Per</u>, and <u>Adventure</u>.] <def>By chance; perhaps; it may be; if; supposing.</def> "If <i>peradventure</i> he speak against me." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Peradventure</i> there be fifty righteous within the city.</blockquote> <i>Gen. xviii. 24.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per`ad*ven"ture</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Chance; hap; hence, doubt; question; as, proved beyond <i>peradventure</i>.</def> <i>South.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pe*r&aelig;"o*pod</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; on the opposite side + <i>-pod</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of the thoracic legs of a crustacean. See <i>Illust.</i> of <u>Crustacea</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per"a*grate</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [L. <i>peragratus</i>, p. p. of <i>peragrate</i>.] <def>To travel over or through.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Per`agra"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>peragratio</i>: cf. F. <i>peragration</i>.] <def>The act or state of passing through any space; as, the <i>peragration</i> of the moon in her monthly revolution.</def> [Obs.] <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per*am"bu*late</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Perambulated</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Perambulating</u>.] [L. <i>perambulatus</i>, p. p. of <i>perambulare</i> to perambulate; <i>per</i> through + <i>ambulare</i> to walk. See <u>Per-</u>, and <u>Amble</u>.] <def>To walk through or over; especially, to travel over for the purpose of surveying or examining; to inspect by traversing; specifically, to inspect officially the boundaries of, as of a town or parish, by walking over the whole line.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per*am"bu*late</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To walk about; to ramble; to stroll; as, he <i>perambulated</i> in the park.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per*am`bu*la"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of perambulating; traversing.</def> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>An annual survey of boundaries, as of town, a parish, a forest, etc.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A district within which one is authorized to make a tour of inspection.</def> "The . . . bounds of his own <i>perambulation</i>." [Obs.] <i>Holyday.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per*am"bu*la`tor</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who perambulates.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A surveyor's instrument for measuring distances. It consists of a wheel arranged to roll along over the ground, with an apparatus of clockwork, and a dial plate upon which the distance traveled is shown by an index. See <u>Odometer</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A low carriage for a child, propelled by pushing.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Per`a*me"les</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a pouch + L. <i>meles</i> a badger.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any marsupial of the genus <i>Perameles</i>, which includes numerous species found in Australia. They somewhat resemble rabbits in size and form. See <i>Illust.</i> under <u>Bandicoot</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per"bend</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Perpender</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per"break`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Obs.] <def>See <u>Parbreak</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per*bro"mate</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i><def>A salt of perbromic acid.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per*bro"mic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>per-</i> + <i>bromic</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, the highest oxygen acid, HBrO<sub>4</sub>, of bromine.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per*bro"mide</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A bromide having a higher proportion of bromine than any other bromide of the same substance or series.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Per"ca</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., a perch.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A genus of fishes, including the fresh-water perch.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Per`cale"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F.] <def>A fine cotton fabric, having a linen finish, and often printed on one side, - - used for women's and children's wear.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Per`ca`line"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F.] <def>A fine kind of French cotton goods, usually of one color.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per*car"bide</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>per-</i> + <i>carbide</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i><def>A compound containing a relatively large amount of carbon.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Per*car"bu*ret</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>per- </i> + <i>carburet</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A percarbide.</def> [Obsoles.]</p>

<p><hw>Per*car"bu*ret`ed</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Combined with a relatively large amount of carbon.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per*case"</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> [OE. <i>per cas</i>. See <u>Parcase</u>.] <def>Perhaps; perchance.</def> [Obs.] <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><hw>Perce</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To pierce.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per*ceiv"a*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Capable of being perceived; perceptible.</def> — <wf>Per*ceiv"a*bly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Per*ceiv"ance</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Power of perceiving.</def> [Obs.] "The senses and common <i>perceivance</i>." <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per*ceive"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Perceived</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Perceiving</u>.] [OF. <i>percevoir</i>, <i>perceveir</i>, L. <i>percipere</i>, <i>perceptum</i>; <i>per</i> (see <u>Per-</u>) + <i>capere</i> to take, receive. See <u>Capacious</u>, and cf. <u>Perception</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To obtain knowledge of through the senses; to receive impressions from by means of the bodily organs; to take cognizance of the existence, character, or identity of, by means of the senses; to see, hear, or feel; as, to <i>perceive</i> a distant ship; to <i>perceive</i> a discord.</def> <i>Reid.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To take intellectual cognizance of; to apprehend by the mind; to be convinced of by direct intuition; to note; to remark; to discern; to see; to understand.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Jesus <i>perceived</i> their wickedness.</blockquote> <i>Matt. xxii. 18.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>You may, fair lady,<BR> <i>Perceive</i> I speak sincerely.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Till we ourselves see it with our own eyes, and <i>perceive</i> it by our own understandings, we are still in the dark.</blockquote> <i>Locke.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To be affected of influented by.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>The upper regions of the air <i>perceive</i> the collection of the matter of tempests before the air here below.</blockquote> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — To discern; distinguish; observe; see; feel; know; understand. — To <u>Perceive</u>, <u>Discern</u>. To <i>perceive</i> a thing is to apprehend it as presented to the senses or the intellect; to <i>discern</i> is to mark differences, or to see a thing as distinguished from others around it. We may <i>perceive</i> two persons afar off without being able to <i>discern</i> whether they are men or women. Hence, <i>discern</i> is often used of an act of the senses or the mind involving close, discriminating, analytical attention. We <i>perceive</i> that which is clear or obvious; we <i>discern</i> that which requires much attention to get an idea of it. "We <i>perceive</i> light, darkness, colors, or the truth or falsehood of anything. We <i>discern</i> characters, motives, the tendency and consequences of actions, etc." <i>Crabb.</i></p>

<p><! p. 1064 !></p>

<p><hw>Per*ceiv"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who perceives (in any of the senses of the verb).</def> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Perce"ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Parsley.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per*cent"age</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Per cent</i> + <i>-age</i>, as in average. See <u>Per</u>, and <u>Cent</u>.] <i>(Com.)</i> <def>A certain rate per cent; the allowance, duty, rate of interest, discount, or commission, on a hundred.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per"cept</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From L. <i>percipere</i>, <i>perceptum</i>.] <def>That which is perceived.</def> <i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The modern discussion between <i>percept</i> and concept, the one sensuous, the other intellectual.</blockquote> <i>Max M&uuml;ller.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per*cep`ti*bil"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>perceptibilit&eacute;</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The quality or state of being perceptible; as, the <i>perceptibility</i> of light or color.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Perception.</def> [R.] <i>Dr. H. More.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per*cep"ti*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>perceptibilis</i>: cf. F. <i>perceptible</i>. See <u>Perceive</u>.] <def>Capable of being perceived; cognizable; discernible; perceivable.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>With a <i>perceptible</i> blast of the air.</blockquote> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p>— <wf>Per*cep"ti*ble*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> — <wf>Per*cep"ti*bly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Per*cep"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>perceptio</i>: cf. F. <i>perception</i>. See <u>Perceive</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of perceiving; cognizance by the senses or intellect; apperhension by the bodily organs, or by the mind, of what is presented to them; discernment; apperhension; cognition.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Metaph.)</i> <def>The faculty of perceiving; the faculty, or peculiar part, of man's constitution by which he has knowledge through the medium or instrumentality of the bodily organs; the act of apperhending material objects or qualities through the senses; — distinguished from <i>conception</i>.</def> <i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Matter hath no life nor <i>perception</i>, and is not conscious of its own existence.</blockquote> <i>Bentley.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>The quality, state, or capability, of being affected by something external; sensation; sensibility.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>This experiment discovereth <i>perception</i> in plants.</blockquote> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>An idea; a notion.</def> [Obs.] <i>Sir M. Hale.</i></p>

<p>&fist; "The word <i>perception</i> is, in the language of philosophers previous to Reid, used in a very extensive signification. By Descartes, Malebranche, Locke, Leibnitz, and others, it is employed in a sense almost as unexclusive as <i>consciousness</i>, in its widest signification. By Reid this word was limited to our faculty acquisitive of knowledge, and to that branch of this faculty whereby, through the senses, we obtain a knowledge of the external world. But his limitation did not stop here. In the act of external perception he distinguished two elements, to which he gave the names of <i>perception</i> and <i>sensation</i>. He ought perhaps to have called these <i>perception proper</i> and <i>sensation proper</i>, when employed in his special meaning." <i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per*cep"tive</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>perceptif</i>.] <def>Of or pertaining to the act or power of perceiving; having the faculty or power of perceiving; used in perception.</def> "His <i>perceptive</i> and reflective faculties." <i>Motley.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per`cep*tiv"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality or state of being perceptive; power of perception.</def> <i>Locke.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Per*ces"o*ces</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr. L. <i>perca</i> a perch + <i>esox</i>, <i>-ocis</i>, a pike.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>An order of fishes including the gray mullets (<i>Mugil</i>), the barracudas, the silversides, and other related fishes. So called from their relation both to perches and to pikes.</def></p>

<p><hw>Perch</hw> (p&etilde;rch), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Written also <i>pearch</i>.] [OE. <i>perche</i>, F. <i>perche</i>, L. <i>perca</i>, fr. Gr. <grk>pe`rkh</grk>; cf. <grk>perkno`s</grk> dark-colored, Skr. <i>p&rsdot;&ccedil;ni</i> spotted, speckled, and E. <i>freckle</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Any fresh-water fish of the genus Perca and of several other allied genera of the family <i>Percid&aelig;</i>, as the common American or yellow perch (<i>Perca flavescens, or Americana</i>), and the European perch (<i>P. fluviatilis</i>).</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Any one of numerous species of spiny-finned fishes belonging to the <i>Percid&aelig;</i>, <i>Serranid&aelig;</i>, and related families, and resembling, more or less, the true perches.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Black perch</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>The black bass</cd>. <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>The flasher</cd>. <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <cd>The sea bass.</cd> — <col><b>Blue perch</b></col>, <cd>the cunner.</cd> — <col><b>Gray perch</b></col>, <cd>the fresh-water drum.</cd> — <col><b>Red perch</b></col>, <cd>the rosefish.</cd> — <col><b>Red-bellied perch</b></col>, <cd>the long- eared pondfish.</cd> — <col><b>Perch pest</b></col>, <cd>a small crustacean, parasitic in the mouth of the perch.</cd> — <col><b>Silver perch</b></col>, <cd>the yellowtail.</cd> — <col><b>Stone</b></col>, or <col><b>Striped</b></col>, <col><b>perch</b></col>, <cd>the pope.</cd> — <col><b>White perch</b></col>, <cd>the <i>Roccus, or Morone, Americanus</i>, a small silvery serranoid market fish of the Atlantic coast.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Perch</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>perche</i>, L. <i>pertica</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A pole; a long staff; a rod; esp., a pole or other support for fowls to roost on or to rest on; a roost; figuratively, any elevated resting place or seat.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>As chauntecleer among his wives all<BR> Sat on his <i>perche</i>, that was in his hall.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Not making his high place the lawless <i>perch</i><BR> Of winged ambitions.</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A measure of length containing five and a half yards; a rod, or pole.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>In land or square measure: A square rod; the 160th part of an acre.</def> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <def>In solid measure: A mass 16&frac12; feet long, 1 foot in height, and 1&frac12; feet in breadth, or 24&frac34; cubic feet (in local use, from 22 to 25 cubic feet); — used in measuring stonework.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A pole connecting the fore gear and hind gear of a spring carriage; a reach.</def></p>

<p><hw>Perch</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Perched</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Perching</u>.] [F. <i>percher</i>. See <u>Perch</u> a pole.] <def>To alight or settle, as a bird; to sit or roost.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Wrens make prey where eagles dare not <i>perch</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Perch</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To place or to set on, or as on, a perch.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To occupy as a perch.</def> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per*chance"</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> [F. <i>par</i> by (L. <i>per</i>) + <i>chance</i>. See <u>Par</u>, and <u>Chance</u>.] <def>By chance; perhaps; peradventure.</def></p>

<p><hw>Perch"ant</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F.] <def>A bird tied by the foot, to serve as decoy to other birds by its fluttering.</def></p>

<p><hw>Perch"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From <u>Perch</u>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who, or that which, perches.</def> <i>J. Burroughs.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>One of the Insessores.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> [From <u>Perch</u> a pole.] <def>A Paris candle anciently used in England; also, a large wax candle formerly set upon the altar.</def> [Obs.] <i>Bailey.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per"che*ron</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F.] <def>One of a breed of draught horses originating in <i>Perche</i>, an old district of France; — called also <i>Percheron-Norman</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per*chlo"rate</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A salt of perchloric acid.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per*chlo"ric</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>per-</i> + <i>chloric</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, the highest oxygen acid (HClO<sub>4</sub>), of chlorine; — called also <i>hyperchloric</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per*chlo"ride</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A chloride having a higher proportion of chlorine than any other chloride of the same substance or series.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per*chro"mic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>per-</i> + <i>chromic</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, a certain one of the highly oxidized compounds of chromium, which has a deep blue color, and is produced by the action of hydrogen peroxide.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per"ci*form</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [NL., & L. <i>perca</i> a perch + <i>-form</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Pertaining to the Perciformes.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Per`ci*for"mes</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>An extensive tribe or suborder of fishes, including the true perches (<i>Percid&aelig;</i>); the pondfishes (<i>Centrarchid&aelig;</i>); the sci&aelig;noids (<i>Sci&aelig;nid&aelig;</i>); the sparoids (<i>Sparid&aelig;</i>); the serranoids (<i>Serranid&aelig;</i>), and some other related families.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Per*cip"i*ence</hw> (?), <hw>Per*cip"i*en*cy</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The faculty, act or power of perceiving; perception.</def> <i>Mrs. Browning.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per*cip"i*ent</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>percipiens</i>, <i>-entis</i>, p. pr. of <i>percipere</i>. See <u>Perceive</u>.] <def>Having the faculty of perception; perceiving; as, a <i>percipient</i> being.</def> <i>Bentley.</i> — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who, or that which, is percipient.</def> <i>Glanvill.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per*close"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>parclose</i> an inclosed place; L. <i>per</i> through + <i>claudere</i>, <i>clausum</i>, to shut.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Eccl. Arch.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Parclose</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Conclusion; end.</def> [Obs.] <i>Sir W. Raleigh.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per"coid</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>perca</i> a perch + <i>-oid</i>: cf. F. <i>perco&iuml;de</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Belonging to, or resembling, the perches, or family <i>Percid&aelig;</i>.</def> — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Any fish of the genus <i>Perca</i>, or allied genera of the family <i>Percid&aelig;</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Per*coi"de*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Perciformes</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per"co*late</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Percolated</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Percolating</u>.] [L. <i>percolatus</i>, p. p. of <i>percolare</i> to percolate; <i>per</i> through + <i>colare</i> to strain.] <def>To cause to pass through fine interstices, as a liquor; to filter; to strain.</def> <i>Sir M. Hale.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per"co*late</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To pass through fine interstices; to filter; as, water <i>percolates</i> through porous stone.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per`co*la"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>percolatio</i>.] <def>The act or process of percolating, or filtering; filtration; straining. Specifically <i>(Pharm.)</i>, the process of exhausting the virtues of a powdered drug by letting a liquid filter slowly through it.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per"co*la`tor</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who, or that which, filters.</def> "[Tissues] act as <i>percolators</i>." <i>Henfrey.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Per`co*mor"phi</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr. L. <i>perca</i> perch + Gr. &?; form.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A division of fishes including the perches and related kinds.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per"cu*laced</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Prob. corrupt. fr. <i>portcullised</i>.] <i>(Her.)</i> <def>Latticed. See <u>Lattice</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, 2.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per*cur"rent</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>percurrens</i>, p. pr. of <i>percurrere</i> to run through; <i>per</i> through + <i>currere</i> to run.] <def>Running through the entire length.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per*cur"so*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>percursor</i> one who runs through, fr. <i>percurrere</i>. See <u>Percurrent</u>.] <def>Running over slightly or in haste; cursory.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Per*cuss"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Percussed</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Percussing</u>.] [L. <i>percussus</i>, p. p. of <i>percutere</i>; <i>per + quatere</i> to shake, strike. See <u>Quash</u>.] <def>To strike smartly; to strike upon or against; as, to <i>percuss</i> the chest in medical examination.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Flame <i>percussed</i> by air giveth a noise.</blockquote> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per*cuss"</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>To strike or tap in an examination by percussion. See <u>Percussion</u>, 3.</def> <i>Quain.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per*cus"sion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>percussio</i>: cf. F. <i>percussion</i>. See <u>Percuss</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of percussing, or striking one body against another; forcible collision, esp. such as gives a sound or report.</def> <i>Sir I. Newton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Hence: The effect of violent collision; vibratory shock; impression of sound on the ear.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The thunderlike <i>percussion</i> of thy sounds.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>The act of tapping or striking the surface of the body in order to learn the condition of the parts beneath by the sound emitted or the sensation imparted to the fingers. Percussion is said to be <i>immediate</i> if the blow is directly upon the body; if some interventing substance, as a pleximeter, is, used, it is called <i>mediate</i>.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Center of percussion</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Center</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Percussion bullet</b></col>, <cd>a bullet containing a substance which is exploded by percussion; an explosive bullet.</cd> — <col><b>Percussion cap</b></col>, <cd>a small copper cap or cup, containing fulminating powder, and used with a percussion lock to explode gunpowder.</cd> — <col><b>Percussion fuze</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Fuze</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Percussion lock</b></col>, <cd>the lock of a gun that is fired by percussion upon fulminating powder.</cd> — <col><b>Percussion match</b></col>, <cd>a match which ignites by percussion.</cd> — <col><b>Percussion powder</b></col>, <cd>powder so composed as to ignite by slight percussion; fulminating powder.</cd> — <col><b>Percussion sieve</b></col>, <col><b>Percussion table</b></col>, <cd>a machine for sorting ores by agitation in running water.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Per*cuss"ive</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Striking against; percutient; as, <i>percussive</i> force.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per*cu"tient</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>percutiens</i>, p. pr. of <i>percutere</i>. See <u>Percuss</u>.] <def>Striking; having the power of striking.</def> — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>That which strikes, or has power to strike.</def> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per"di*cine</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See <u>Perdix</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to the family <i>Perdicid&aelig;</i>, or partridges.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per*die"</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Parde</u>.</def> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per"di*foil</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>perdere</i> to lose + <i>folium</i> leaf.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A deciduous plant; - - opposed to <i>evergreen</i>.</def> <i>J. Barton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per*di"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., fr. L. <i>perditio</i>, fr. <i>perdere</i>, <i>perditum</i>, to ruin, to lose; <i>per</i> (cf. Skr. <i>par&amacr;</i> away) + <i>-dere</i> (only in comp.) to put; akin to Gr. &?;, E. <i>do</i>. See <u>Do</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Entire loss; utter destruction; ruin; esp., the utter loss of the soul, or of final happiness in a future state; future misery or eternal death.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The mere <i>perdition</i> of the Turkish fleet.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>If we reject the truth, we seal our own <i>perdition</i>.</blockquote> <i>J. M. Mason.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Loss of diminution.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per*di"tion*a*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Capable of being ruined; worthy of perdition.</def> [R.] <i>Pollok.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Per"dix</hw> (p&etilde;r"d&ibreve;ks), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., a partridge, Gr. <grk>pe`rdix</grk>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A genus of birds including the common European partridge. Formerly the word was used in a much wider sense to include many allied genera.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per*du"</hw> (p&etilde;r*d&umacr;" <i>or</i> p&etilde;r"d&usl;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Perdu</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One placed on watch, or in ambush.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A soldier sent on a forlorn hope.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Per*du"</hw>, <hw>Per*due"</hw> } (p&etilde;r*d&umacr;" <i>or</i> p&etilde;r"d&usl;), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [F. <i>perdu</i>, f. <i>perdue</i>, lost, p. p. of <i>perdre</i> to lose, L. <i>perdere</i>. See <u>Perdition</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Lost to view; in concealment or ambush; close.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He should lie <i>perdue</i> who is to walk the round.</blockquote> <i>Fuller.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Accustomed to, or employed in, desperate enterprises; hence, reckless; hopeless.</def> "A <i>perdue</i> captain." <i>Beau. & Fl.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per`du*el"lion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>perduellio</i>; <i>per</i> + <i>duellum</i>, <i>bellum</i>, war.] <i>(Civil Law)</i> <def>Treason.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per"du*lous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See <u>Perdu</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <def>Lost; thrown away.</def> [Obs.] <i>Abp. Bramhall.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per*dur`a*bil"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Durability; lastingness.</def> [Archaic] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per*dur"a*ble</hw> (p&etilde;r*d&umacr;r"&adot;*b'l; 277), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>perdurable</i>, OE. <i>pardurable</i>. See <u>Perdure</u>.] <def>Very durable; lasting; continuing long.</def> [Archaic] <i>Chaucer.</i> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p>— <wf>Per*dur"a*bly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> [Archaic]</p>

<p>{ <hw>Per*dur"ance</hw> (p&etilde;r*d&umacr;r"<i>a</i>ns), <hw>Per`du*ra"tion</hw> (p&etilde;r`d&usl;*r&amacr;"sh&ubreve;n), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Long continuance.</def> [Archaic]</p>

<p><hw>Per*dure"</hw> (p&etilde;r*d&umacr;r"), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [L. <i>perdurare</i>; <i>per</i> through + <i>durare</i> to last.] <def>To last or endure for a long time; to be perdurable or lasting.</def> [Archaic]</p>

<p><blockquote>The mind <i>perdures</i> while its energizing may construct a thousand lines.</blockquote> <i>Hickok.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per*dy"</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>Truly. See <u>Parde</u>.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Ah, dame! <i>perdy</i> ye have not done me right.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pere</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A peer.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per*e"gal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [OF. <i>par</i> very (L. <i>per</i>) + <i>egal</i> equal, L. <i>aequalis</i>.] <def>Fully equal.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i> "<i>Peregal</i> to the best." <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per"e*gri*nate</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [L. <i>peregrinatus</i>, p. p. of <i>peregrinari</i> to travel. See <u>Pilgrim</u>.] <def>To travel from place to place, or from one country to another; hence, to sojourn in foreign countries.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per"e*gri*nate</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>peregrinatus</i>, p. p.] <def>Having traveled; foreign.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per`e*gri*na"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>peregrinatio</i>: cf. F. <i>p&eacute;r&eacute;grination</i>.] <def>A traveling from one country to another; a wandering; sojourn in foreign countries.</def> "His <i>peregrination</i> abroad." <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per"e*gri*na`tor</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L.] <def>One who peregrinates; one who travels about.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per"e*grine</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>peregrinus</i>. See <u>Pilgrim</u>.] <def>Foreign; not native; extrinsic or from without; exotic.</def> [Spelt also <i>pelegrine</i>.] "<i>Peregrine</i> and preternatural heat." <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Peregrine falcon</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a courageous and swift falcon (<i>Falco peregrinus</i>), remarkable for its wide distribution over all the continents. The adult plumage is dark bluish ash on the back, nearly black on the head and cheeks, white beneath, barred with black below the throat. Called also <i>peregrine hawk</i>, <i>duck hawk</i>, <i>game hawk</i>, and <i>great-footed hawk</i>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Per"e*grine</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The peregrine falcon.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per`e*grin"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>peregrinitas</i>: cf. F. <i>p&eacute;r&eacute;grinit&eacute;</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Foreignness; strangeness.</def> [Obs.] "Somewhat of a <i>peregrinity</i> in their dialect." <i>Johnson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Travel; wandering.</def> [R.] <i>Carlyle.</i></p>

<p><! p. 1065 !></p>

<p><hw>Per"el</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Apparel.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per*empt"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [L. <i>peremptus</i>, p. p. of <i>perimere</i> to take away entirely, to destroy; <i>per</i> (see <u>Per-</u>) + OL. <i>emere</i> to take. See <u>Redeem</u>.] <i>(Law)</i> <def>To destroy; to defeat.</def> [R.] <i>Ayliffe.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per*emp"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>peremptio</i>: cf. F. <i>p&eacute;remption</i>.] <i>(Law)</i> <def>A quashing; a defeating.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Per"emp*to*ri*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a peremptory manner; absolutely; positively.</def> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per"emp*to*ri*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality of being peremptory; positiveness.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per"emp*to*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>peremptorius</i> destructive, deadly, decisive, final: cf. F. <i>p&eacute;remptorie</i>. See <u>Perempt</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Precluding debate or expostulation; not admitting of question or appeal; positive; absolute; decisive; conclusive; final.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Think of heaven with hearty purposes and <i>peremptory</i> designs to get thither.</blockquote> <i>Jer. Taylor.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Positive in opinion or judgment; decided; dictatorial; dogmatical.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Be not too positive and <i>peremptory</i>.</blockquote> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Briefly, then, for we are <i>peremptory</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Firmly determined; unawed.</def> [Poetic] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Peremptory challenge</b></col> <i>(Law)</i> <cd>See under <u>Challenge</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Peremptory mandamus</b></col>, <cd>a final and absolute mandamus.</cd> — <col><b>Peremptory plea</b></col>, <cd>a plea by a defendant tending to impeach the plaintiff's right of action; a plea in bar.</cd></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Decisive; positive; absolute; authoritative; express; arbitrary; dogmatical.</p>

<p><hw>Per*en"ni*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>perennis</i> that lasts the whole year through; <i>per</i> through + <i>annus</i> year. See <u>Per-</u>, and <u>Annual</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>ing or continuing through the year; as, <i>perennial</i> fountains.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Continuing without cessation or intermission; perpetual; unceasing; never failing.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>perennial</i> existence of bodies corporate.</blockquote> <i>Burke.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Continuing more than two years; as, a <i>perennial</i> steam, or root, or plant.</def></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Perpetual; unceasing; never failing; enduring; continual; permanent; uninterrupted.</p>

<p><hw>Per*en"ni*al</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A perennial plant; a plant which lives or continues more than two years, whether it retains its leaves in winter or not.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per*en"ni*al*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a perennial manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Per*en`ni*bran`chi*a"ta</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Perennial</u>, and <u>Branchia</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Those Batrachia which retain their gills through life, as the menobranchus.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per*en`ni*bran"chi*ate</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See <u>Perennial</u>, and <u>Branchiate</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Having branch&aelig;, or gills, through life; — said especially of certain Amphibia, like the menobranchus. Opposed to <i>caducibranchiate</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Belonging to the Perennibranchiata.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per*en"ni*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>perennitas</i>.] <def>The quality of being perennial.</def> [R.] <i>Derham.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per`er*ra"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>pererrare</i>, <i>pererratum</i>, to wander through.] <def>A wandering, or rambling, through various places.</def> [R.] <i>Howell.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per"fect</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [OE. <i>parfit</i>, OF. <i>parfit</i>, <i>parfet</i>, <i>parfait</i>, F. <i>parfait</i>, L. <i>perfectus</i>, p. p. of <i>perficere</i> to carry to the end, to perform, finish, perfect; <i>per</i> (see <u>Per-</u>) + <i>facere</i> to make, do. See <u>Fact</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Brought to consummation or completeness; completed; not defective nor redundant; having all the properties or qualities requisite to its nature and kind; without flaw, fault, or blemish; without error; mature; whole; pure; sound; right; correct.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>My strength is made <i>perfect</i> in weakness.</blockquote> <i>2 Cor. xii. 9.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Three glorious suns, each one a <i>perfect</i> sun.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>I fear I am not in my <i>perfect</i> mind.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>O most entire <i>perfect</i> sacrifice!</blockquote> <i>Keble.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>God made thee <i>perfect</i>, not immutable.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Well informed; certain; sure.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I am <i>perfect</i> that the Pannonains are now in arms.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Hermaphrodite; having both stamens and pistils; — said of flower.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Perfect cadence</b></col> <i>(Mus.)</i>, <cd>a complete and satisfactory close in harmony, as upon the tonic preceded by the dominant.</cd> — <col><b>Perfect chord</b></col> <i>(Mus.)</i>, <cd>a concord or union of sounds which is perfectly coalescent and agreeable to the ear, as the unison, octave, fifth, and fourth; a perfect consonance; a common chord in its original position of keynote, third, fifth, and octave.</cd> — <col><b>Perfect number</b></col> <i>(Arith.)</i>, <cd>a number equal to the sum of all its divisors; as, 28, whose aliquot parts, or divisors, are 14, 7, 4, 2, 1. See <i>Abundant number</i>, under <u>Abundant</u>.</cd> <i>Brande & C.</i> — <col><b>Perfect tense</b></col> <i>(Gram.)</i>, <cd>a tense which expresses an act or state completed.</cd></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Finished; consummate; complete; entire; faultless; blameless; unblemished.</p>

<p><hw>Per"fect</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The perfect tense, or a form in that tense.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per"fect</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Perfected</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Perfecting</u>.] [L. <i>perfectus</i>, p. p. of <i>perficere</i>. See <u>Perfect</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <def>To make perfect; to finish or complete, so as to leave nothing wanting; to give to anything all that is requisite to its nature and kind.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>God dwelleth in us, and his love is <i>perfect</i> in us.</blockquote> <i>1 John iv. 12.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Inquire into the nature and properties of the things, . . . and thereby <i>perfect</i> our ideas of their distinct species.</blockquote> <i>Locke.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Perfecting press</b></col> <i>(Print.)</i>, <cd>a press in which the printing on both sides of the paper is completed in one passage through the machine.</cd></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — To finish; accomplish; complete; consummate.</p>

<p><hw>Per"fect*er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who, or that which, makes perfect.</def> "The . . . <i>perfecter</i> of our faith." <i>Barrow.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per*fect`i*bil"i*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A perfectionist.</def> [R.] <i>Ed. Rev.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per`fec*tib"i*list</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A perfectionist. See also <u>Illuminati</u>, 2.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Per*fect`i*bil"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>perfectibilit&eacute;</i>.] <def>The quality or state of being perfectible.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per*fect"i*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>perfectible</i>.] <def>Capable of becoming, or being made, perfect.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per*fec"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>perfection</i>, L. <i>perfectio</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The quality or state of being perfect or complete, so that nothing requisite is wanting; entire development; consummate culture, skill, or moral excellence; the highest attainable state or degree of excellence; maturity; as, <i>perfection</i> in an art, in a science, or in a system; <i>perfection</i> in form or degree; fruits in <i>perfection</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A quality, endowment, or acquirement completely excellent; an ideal faultlessness; especially, the divine attribute of complete excellence.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>What tongue can her <i>perfections</i> tell?</blockquote> <i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></p>

<p><col><b>To perfection</b></col>, <cd>in the highest degree of excellence; perfectly; as, to imitate a model <i>to perfection</i>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Per*fec"tion</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To perfect.</def> [Obs.] <i>Foote.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per*fec"tion*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to perfection; characterized by perfection.</def> [R.] <i>Bp. Pearson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per*fec"tion*ate</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To perfect.</def> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per*fec"tion*ism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The doctrine of the Perfectionists.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per*fec"tion*ist</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One pretending to perfection; esp., one pretending to moral perfection; one who believes that persons may and do attain to moral perfection and sinlessness in this life.</def> <i>South.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per*fec"tion*ment</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>perfectionnement</i>.] <def>The act of bringing to perfection, or the state of having attained to perfection.</def> [R.] <i>I. Taylor.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per*fect"ive</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Tending or conducing to make perfect, or to bring to perfection; — usually followed by <i>of</i>.</def> "A <i>perfective</i> alteration." <i>Fuller.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Actions <i>perfective</i> of their natures.</blockquote> <i>Ray.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per*fec"tive*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a perfective manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per"fect*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a perfect manner or degree; in or to perfection; completely; wholly; throughly; faultlessly.</def> "<i>Perfectly</i> divine." <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>As many as touched were made <i>perfectly</i> whole.</blockquote> <i>Matt. xiv. 36.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per"fect*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality or state of being perfect; perfection.</def> "Charity, which is the bond of <i>perfectness</i>." <i>Col. iii. 14.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per*fer"vid</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>per-</i> + <i>fervid</i>.] <def>Very fervid; too fervid; glowing; ardent.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per*fi"cient</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>perficiens</i>, p. pr. of <i>perficere</i> to perform. See <u>Perfect</u>.] <def>Making or doing throughly; efficient; effectual.</def> [R.] <i>Blackstone.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per*fi"cient</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who performs or perfects a work; especially, one who endows a charity.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Per*fid"i*ous</hw> (p&etilde;r*f&ibreve;d"&ibreve;*&ubreve;s; 277), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>perfidious</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Guilty of perfidy; violating good faith or vows; false to trust or confidence reposed; teacherous; faithless; as, a <i>perfidious</i> friend.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Involving, or characterized by, perfidy.</def> "Involved in this <i>perfidious</i> fraud." <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per*fid"i*ous*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a perfidious manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per*fid"i*ous*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality of being perfidious; perfidy.</def> <i>Clarendon.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per"fi*dy</hw> (p&etilde;r"f&ibreve;*d&ybreve;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Perfidies</b></plw> (- d&ibreve;z). [L. <i>perfidia</i>, fr. L. <i>perfidus</i> faithless; <i>per</i> (cf. Skr. <i>par&amacr;</i> away) + <i>fides</i> faith: cf. F. <i>perfidie</i>. See <u>Faith</u>.] <def>The act of violating faith or allegiance; violation of a promise or vow, or of trust reposed; faithlessness; treachery.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The ambition and <i>perfidy</i> of tyrants.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>His <i>perfidy</i> to this sacred engagement.</blockquote> <i>DeQuincey.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per"fit</hw> (p&etilde;r"f&ibreve;t), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Perfect.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per*fix"</hw> (p&etilde;r"f&ibreve;ks), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>per-</i> + <i>fix</i>.] <def>To fix surely; to appoint.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Per"fla*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>perflabilis</i>. See <u>Perflate</u>.] <def>Capable of being blown through.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Per*flate"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [L. <i>perflatus</i>, p. p. of <i>perflare</i> to blow through.] <def>To blow through.</def> [Obs.] <i>Harvey.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per*fla"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>perflatio</i>.] <def>The act of perflating.</def> [Obs.] <i>Woodward.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per*fo"li*ate</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>per-</i> + L. <i>folium</i> leaf.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Having the basal part produced around the stem; — said of leaves which the stem apparently passes directory through.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Surrounded by a circle of hairs, or projections of any kind.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per`fo*ra"ta</hw> (p&etilde;r`f&osl;*r&amacr;"t&adot;), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Perforate</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A division of corals including those that have a porous texture, as Porites and Madrepora; — opposed to <i>Aporosa</i>.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A division of Foraminifera, including those having perforated shells.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per"fo*rate</hw> (p&etilde;r"f&osl;*r&amacr;t), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Perforated</u> (- r&amacr;`t&ebreve;d); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Perforating</u>.] [L. <i>perforatus</i>, p. p. of <i>perforare</i> to perforate; <i>per</i> through + <i>forare</i> to bore. See <u>Bore</u>, <pos><i>v.</i></pos>] <def>To bore through; to pierce through with a pointed instrument; to make a hole or holes through by boring or piercing; to pierce or penetrate the surface of.</def> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Per"fo*rate</hw> (p&etilde;r"f&osl;*r&asl;t), <hw>Per"fo*ra`ted</hw> (p&etilde;r"f&osl;*r&amacr;"t&ebreve;d), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pierced with a hole or holes, or with pores; having transparent dots resembling holes.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per`fo*ra"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>perforation</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of perforating, or of boring or piercing through.</def> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A hole made by boring or piercing; an aperture.</def> "Slender <i>perforations</i>." <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per"fo*ra*tive</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>perforatif</i>.] <def>Having power to perforate or pierce.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per"fo*ra`tor</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>perforateur</i>.] <def>One who, or that which, perforates; esp., a cephalotome.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per*force"</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> [F. <i>par</i> (L. <i>per</i>) + <i>force</i>.] <def>By force; of necessary; at any rate.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per*force"</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To force; to compel.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Per*form"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Performed</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Performing</u>.] [OE. <i>performen</i>, <i>parfourmen</i>, <i>parfournen</i>, OF. <i>parfornir</i>, <i>parfournir</i>, to finish, complete; OF. & F. <i>par</i> (see <u>Par</u>) + <i>fournir</i> to finish, complete. The word has been influenced by <i>form</i>; cf. L. <i>performare</i> to form thoroughly. See <u>Furnish</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To carry through; to bring to completion; to achieve; to accomplish; to execute; to do.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I will cry unto God most high, unto God that <i>performeth</i> all things for me.</blockquote> <i>Ps. lvii. 2.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Great force to <i>perform</i> what they did attempt.</blockquote> <i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To discharge; to fulfill; to act up to; as, to <i>perform</i> a duty; to <i>perform</i> a promise or a vow.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>To <i>perform</i> your father's will.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To represent; to act; to play; as in drama.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Perform</i> a part thou hast not done before.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — To accomplish; do; act; transact; achieve; execute; discharge; fulfill; effect; complete; consummate. See <u>Accomplish</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Per*form"</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To do, execute, or accomplish something; to acquit one's self in any business; esp., to represent sometimes by action; to act a part; to play on a musical instrument; as, the players <i>perform</i> poorly; the musician <i>performs</i> on the organ.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per*form"a*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Admitting of being performed, done, or executed; practicable.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per*form"ance</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The act of performing; the carrying into execution or action; execution; achievement; accomplishment; representation by action; as, the <i>performance</i> of an undertaking of a duty.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Promises are not binding where the <i>performance</i> is impossible.</blockquote> <i>Paley.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>That which is performed or accomplished; a thing done or carried through; an achievement; a deed; an act; a feat; esp., an action of an elaborate or public character.</def> "Her walking and other actual <i>performances</i>." <i>Shak.</i> "His musical <i>performances</i>." <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Completion; consummation; execution; accomplishment; achievement; production; work; act; action; deed; exploit; feat.</p>

<p><hw>Per*form"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who performs, accomplishes, or fulfills; as, a good promiser, but a bad <i>performer</i>; especially, one who shows skill and training in any art; as, a <i>performer</i> of the drama; a <i>performer</i> on the harp.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per"fri*cate</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [L. <i>perfricatus</i>, p. p. of <i>perfricare</i>.] <def>To rub over.</def> <i>Bailey.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per*fu"ma*to*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Emitting perfume; perfuming.</def> [R.] <i>Sir E. Leigh.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per*fume"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Perfumed</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Perfuming</u>.] [F. <i>parfumer</i> (cf. Sp. <i>perfumar</i>); <i>par</i> (see <u>Par</u>) + <i>fumer</i> to smoke, L. <i>fumare</i>, fr. <i>fumus</i> smoke. See <u>Fume</u>.] <def>To fill or impregnate with a perfume; to scent.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>And Carmel's flowery top <i>perfumes</i> the skies.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per"fume</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>parfum</i>; cf. Sp. <i>perfume</i>. See <u>Perfume</u>, <pos><i>v.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The scent, odor, or odoriferous particles emitted from a sweet-smelling substance; a pleasant odor; fragrance; aroma.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>No rich <i>perfumes</i> refresh the fruitful <i>field</i>.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A substance that emits an agreeable odor.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>And thou shalt make it a <i>perfume</i>.</blockquote> <i>Ex. xxx. 35.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per*fum"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who, oe that which, perfumes.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>One whose trade is to make or sell perfumes.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per*fum"er*y</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Perfumes, in general.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> [Cf. F. <i>parfumerie</i>.] <def>The art of preparing perfumes.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per*func"to*ri*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a perfunctory manner; formally; carelessly.</def> <i>Boyle.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per*func"to*ri*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality or state of being perfunctory.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per*func"to*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>perfunctorius</i>, fr. <i>perfunctus</i> dispatched, p. p. of <i>perfungi</i> to discharge, dispatch; <i>per</i> (see <u>Per</u>) + <i>fungi</i> to perform. See <u>Function</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Done merely to get rid of a duty; performed mechanically and as a thing of rote; done in a careless and superficial manner; characterized by indifference; as, <i>perfunctory</i> admonitions.</def> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Hence: Mechanical; indifferent; listless; careless.</def> "<i>Perfunctory</i> in his devotions." <i>Sharp.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per*func"tu*rate</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To perform in a perfunctory manner; to do negligently.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Per*fuse"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Perfused</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Perfusing</u>.] [L. <i>perfusus</i>, p. p. of <i>perfundere</i> to pour over; <i>per + fundere</i> to pour.] <def>To suffuse; to fill full or to excess.</def> <i>Harvey.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per*fu"sion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>perfusio</i>.] <def>The act of perfusing.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per*fu"sive</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of a nature to flow over, or to spread through.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Per`ga*me"no*us</hw> (?), <hw>Per`ga*men*ta"ceous</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>pergamena</i> parchment. See <u>Parchment</u>.] <def>Like parchment.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per*haps"</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> [<i>Per</i> + <i>hap</i> chance.] <def>By chance; peradventure; perchance; it may be.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>And pray God, if <i>perhaps</i> the thought of thine heart may be forgiven thee.</blockquote> <i>Acts viii. 22.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per"i-</hw> (?). [Gr. &?;, prep.] <def>A prefix used to signify <i>around</i>, <i>by</i>, <i>near</i>, <i>over</i>, <i>beyond</i>, or to give an <i>intensive</i> sense; as, <i>peri</i>meter, the measure around; <i>peri</i>gee, point near the earth; <i>peri</i>ergy, work beyond what is needed; <i>peri</i>spherical, quite spherical.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pe"ri</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Peris</b></plw> (#). [Per. <i>per&imacr;</i> a female genus, a fairy.] <i>(Persian Myth.)</i> <def>An imaginary being, male or female, like an elf or fairy, represented as a descendant of fallen angels, excluded from paradise till penance is accomplished.</def> <i>Moore.</i></p>

<p><! p. 1066 !></p>

<p><hw>Per`i*a"gua</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Pirogue</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per"i*anth</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>peri-</i> + Gr. &?; flower: cf. F. <i>p&eacute;rianthe</i>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The leaves of a flower generally, especially when the calyx and corolla are not readily distinguished.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A saclike involucre which incloses the young fruit in most hepatic mosses. See <i>Illust.</i> of <u>Hepatica</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Per`i*an"thi*um</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The perianth.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per"i*apt</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; hung about, &?; to hang about; &?; about + &?; to tie: cf. F. <i>p&eacute;riapte</i>.] <def>A charm worn as a protection against disease or mischief; an amulet.</def> <i>Coleridge.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Now help, ye charming spells and <i>periapts</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per`i*as"tral</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Among or around the stars.</def> "Comets in <i>periastral</i> passage." <i>R. A. Proctor.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per`i*as"tron</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?; about + &?; a star.] <i>(Astron.)</i> <def>That point, in the real or apparent orbit of one star revolving around another, at which the former is nearest to the latter.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per"i*au"ger</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Pirogue</u>.</def> <i>W. Irving.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per"i*blast</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; to grow around. See <u>Peri-</u>, and <u>-blast</u>.] <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>The protoplasmic matter which surrounds the entoblast, or cell nucleus, and undergoes segmentation.</def> — <wf>Per`i*blas"tic</wf>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Per"i*blem</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>peri-</i> + root of Gr. &?; to sprout.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Nascent cortex, or immature cellular bark.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pe*rib"o*los</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Nl., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?;, adj., going round, fr. &?; to throw round; cf. L. <i>peribolus</i>.] <def>In ancient architecture, an inclosed court, esp., one surrounding a temple.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per`i*bran"chi*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Surrounding the branchi&aelig;; as, a <i>peribranchial</i> cavity.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per`i*bran"chi*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Around the bronchi or bronchial tubes; as, the <i>peribronchial</i> lymphatics.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Per`i*cam"bi*um</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Peri-</u>, and <u>Cambium</u>.] <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>A layer of thin-walled young cells in a growing stem, in which layer certain new vessels originate.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Per`i*car"di*ac</hw> (?), <hw>Per`i*car"di*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to pericardium; situated around the heart.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Pericardial fluid</b></col> <i>(Physiol.)</i>, <cd>a serous fluid of a pale yellow color contained in the pericardium.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Per`i*car"di*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pericardiac.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per`i*car"dic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pericardiac.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Per`i*car*di"tus</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Pericardium</u>, and <u>-itis</u>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Inflammation of the pericardium.</def> <i>Dunglison.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per`i*car"di*um</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; about or near the heart; &?; about + &?; heart.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>The double baglike fold of serous membrane which incloses the heart.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The inner layer is closely adherent to the outer surface of the heart, and is called the <i>cardiac pericardium</i>. The outer layer loosely incloses the heart and the adherent inner layer, and is called the <i>parietal pericardium</i>. At the base of the heart the two layers are continuous, and form a narrow closed cavity filled with fluid, in which the pulsations of the heart cause little friction.</p>

<p><hw>Per"i*carp</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;; &?; around + &?; fruit: cf. F. <i>p&eacute;ricarpe</i>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The ripened ovary; the walls of the fruit. See <i>Illusts</i>. of <u>Capsule</u>, <u>Drupe</u>, and <u>Legume</u>.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Per`i*car"pi*al</hw> (?), <hw>Per`i*car"pic</hw> (?) }, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to a pericarp.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per`i*cel"lu*lar</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Surrounding a cell; as, the <i>pericellular</i> lymph spaces surrounding ganglion cells.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per"i*ch&aelig;th</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Perich&aelig;tium</u>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The leafy involucre surrounding the fruit stalk of mosses; perich&aelig;tium; perichete.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per`i*ch&aelig;"ti*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to the perich&aelig;th.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Per`i*ch&aelig;"ti*um</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Perich&aelig;tia</b></plw> (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; about + &?; flowing hair, foliage.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Perich&aelig;th</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per`i*ch&aelig;"tous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See <u>Perich&aelig;tium</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Surrounded by set&aelig;; — said of certain earthworms (genus <i>Perich&aelig;tus</i>).</def></p>

<p><hw>Per"i*chete</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Perich&aelig;th</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per`i*chon"dri*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to the perichondrium; situated around cartilage.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Per`i*chon*dri"tis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Perichondrium</u>, and <u>-itis</u>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Inflammation of the perichondrium.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Per`i*chon"dri*um</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?; around + &?; cartilage.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>The membrane of fibrous connective tissue which closely invests cartilage, except where covering articular surfaces.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per`i*chor"dal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Around the notochord; as, a <i>perichordal</i> column. See <u>Epichordal</u>.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Per"i*clase</hw> (?), <hw>Per`i*cla"site</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>peri-</i> + Gr. &?; to break.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>A grayish or dark green mineral, consisting essentially of magnesia (magnesium oxide), occurring in granular forms or in isometric crystals.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Per`i*clin"i*um</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Periclinia</b></plw> (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; around + &?; a bed.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The involucre which surrounds the common receptacle in composite flowers.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pe*ric"li*tate</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [L. <i>periclitatus</i>, p. p. of <i>periclitari</i>, fr. <i>periculum</i>.] <def>To endanger.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote><i>Periclitating</i>, pardi! the whole family.</blockquote> <i>Sterne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pe*ric`li*ta"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>periclitatio</i>: cf. F. <i>p&eacute;riclitation</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Trial; experiment.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The state of being in peril.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>||Pe*ric"o*pe</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., section of a book, Gr. &?;; &?; around + &?; to cut.] <def>A selection or extract from a book; especially <i>(Theol.)</i>, a selection from the Bible, appointed to be read in the churches or used as a text for a sermon.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per`i*cra"ni*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to the pericranium.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per`i*cra"ni*um</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>The periosteum which covers the cranium externally; the region around the cranium.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pe*ric"u*lous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>periculosus</i>. See <u>Perilous</u>.] <def>Dangerous; full of peril.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>||Pe*ric"u*lum</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Pericula</b></plw> (#). [L.] <i>(Rom. & O.Eng. Law)</i> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Danger; risk.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>In a narrower, judicial sense: Accident or <i>casus</i>, as distinguished from <i>dolus</i> and <i>culpa</i>, and hence relieving one from the duty of performing an obligation.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per"i*derm</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The outer layer of bark.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The hard outer covering of hydroids and other marine animals; the perisarc.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Per`i*di*as"to*le</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Physiol.)</i> <def>The almost inappreciable time which elapses between the systole and the diastole of the heart.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pe*rid"i*um</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Peridia</b></plw> (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; about + &?;, a dim. ending.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The envelope or coat of certain fungi, such as the puffballs and earthstars.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per"i*dot</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>p&eacute;ridot</i>.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>Chrysolite.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per"i*do*tite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>p&eacute;ridotite</i>.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>An eruptive rock characterized by the presence of chrysolite (peridot). It also usually contains pyroxene, enstatite, chromite, etc. It is often altered to serpentine.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The chief diamond deposits in South Africa occur in a more or less altered peridotite.</p>

<p><hw>Per"i*drome</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; running around, fr. &?; to run round; &?; round + &?; to run: cf. F. <i>p&eacute;ridrome</i>.] <i>(Arch&aelig;ol.)</i> <def>The space between the columns and the wall of the cella, in a Greek or a Roman temple.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per`i*e"cians</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Peri&oelig;cians</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Per`i*en"te*ron</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Peri-</u>, and <u>Enteron</u>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>The primitive perivisceral cavity.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per"i*er`gy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; overcareful; &?; about, beyond + &?; work.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Excessive care or diligence.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Rhet.)</i> <def>A bombastic or labored style.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Per`i*gan`gli*on"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Surrounding a ganglion; as, the <i>periganglionic</i> glands of the frog.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per`i*gas"tric</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Surrounding the stomach; — applied to the body cavity of Bryozoa and various other Invertebrata.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per`i*ge"an</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pertaining to the perigee.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Perigean tides</b></col>, <cd>those spring tides which occur soon after the moon passes her perigee.</cd></p>

<p>{ <hw>Per"i*gee</hw> (?), <hw>Per`i*ge"um</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL. <i>perigeum</i>, fr. Gr. &?; about, near + &?; the earth: cf. F. <i>p&eacute;rig&eacute;e</i>.] <i>(Astron.)</i> <def>That point in the orbit of the moon which is nearest to the earth; — opposed to <i>apogee</i>. It is sometimes, but rarely, used of the nearest points of other orbits, as of a comet, a planet, etc. Called also <i>epigee</i>, <i>epigeum</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per`i*gen"e*sis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>A theory which explains inheritance by the transmission of the type of growth force possessed by one generation to another.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per`i*gen"e*tic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to perigenesis.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per"i*gone</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>peri-</i> + Gr. &?; productive organs.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>Any organ inclosing the essential organs of a flower; a perianth.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>In mosses, the involucral bracts of a male flower.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A sac which surrounds the generative bodies in the gonophore of a hydroid.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Per`i*go"ni*um</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Perigonia</b></plw> (#). [NL.] <def>Same as <u>Perigone</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per"i*gord pie`</hw> (?). [From <i>P&eacute;rigord</i>, a former province of France.] <def>A pie made of truffles, much esteemed by epicures.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per"i*graph</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; outline; &?; round, about + &?; to write.] <def>A careless or inaccurate delineation of anything.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>||Per`i*gyn"i*um</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Perigynia</b></plw> (#). [NL. See <u>Perigynous</u>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Some unusual appendage about the pistil, as the bottle-shaped body in the sedges, and the bristles or scales in some other genera of the Sedge family, or <i>Cyperace&aelig;</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pe*rig"y*nous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>peri- </i> + Gr. &?; woman.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Having the ovary free, but the petals and stamens borne on the calyx; — said of flower such as that of the cherry or peach.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Per`i*hel"ion</hw> (?), <hw>Per`i*he"li*um</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Perihelia</b></plw> (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; about, near + &?; the sun.] <i>(Astron.)</i> <def>That point of the orbit of a planet or comet which is nearest to the sun; — opposed to <i>aphelion</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per"il</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>p&eacute;ril</i>, fr. L. <i>periculum</i>, <i>periclum</i>, akin to <i>peritus</i> experienced, skilled, and E. <i>fare</i>. See <u>Fare</u>, and cf. <u>Experience</u>.] <def>Danger; risk; hazard; jeopardy; exposure of person or property to injury, loss, or destruction.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>In <i>perils</i> of waters, in <i>perils</i> of robbers.</blockquote> <i>2 Cor. xi. 26.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Adventure hard<BR> With <i>peril</i> great achieved.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><col><b>At</b></col>, or <col><b>On</b></col>, <col><b>one's peril</b></col>, <cd>with risk or danger to one; at the hazard of.</cd> "<i>On thy</i> soul's <i>peril</i>." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Hazard; risk; jeopardy. See <u>Danger</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Per"il</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Periled</u> (?) or <u>Perilled</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Periling</u> or <u>Perilling</u>.] <def>To expose to danger; to hazard; to risk; as, to <i>peril</i> one's life.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per"il</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To be in danger.</def> [Obs.] <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Pe*ril"la</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Etymol. uncertain.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A genus of labiate herbs, of which one species (<i>Perilla ocimoides</i>, or <i>P. Nankinensis</i>) is often cultivated for its purple or variegated foliage.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per"il*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [OF. <i>perillous</i>, <i>perilleus</i>, F. <i>p&eacute;rilleux</i>, L. <i>periculosus</i>. See <u>Peril</u>.] [Written also <i>perillous</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Full of, attended with, or involving, peril; dangerous; hazardous; as, a <i>perilous</i> undertaking.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Infamous hills, and sandy, <i>perilous</i> wilds.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Daring; reckless; dangerous.</def> [Obs.] <i>Latimer.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>For I am <i>perilous</i> with knife in hand.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p>— <wf>Per"il*ous*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Per"il*ous*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Per"i*lymph</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>The fluid which surrounds the membranous labyrinth of the internal ear, and separates it from the walls of the chambers in which the labyrinth lies.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per`i*lym*phan"gi*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Around, or at the side of, a lymphatic vessel.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per`i*lym*phat"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Anat.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>Pertaining to, or containing, perilymph.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>Perilymphangial.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per*im"e*ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;; &?; around + &?; measure: cf. F. <i>p&eacute;rim&egrave;tre</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Geom.)</i> <def>The outer boundary of a body or figure, or the sum of all the sides.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>An instrument for determining the extent and shape of the field of vision.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Per`i*met"ric</hw> (?), <hw>Per`i*met"ric*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to the perimeter, or to perimetry; as, a <i>perimetric</i> chart of the eye.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per*im"e*try</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The art of using the perimeter; measurement of the field of vision.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per"i*morph</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>peri-</i> + Gr. &?; form.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>A crystal of one species inclosing one of another species. See <u>Endomorph</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per`i*my"sial</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Anat.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>Surrounding a muscle or muscles.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>Of or pertaining to the perimysium.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Per`i*my"si*um</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?; about + &?; muscle.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>The connective tissue sheath which surrounds a muscle, and sends partitions inwards between the bundles of muscular fibers.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Per`i*n&aelig;"um</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Perineum</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per`i*ne"al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to the perineum.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per`i*ne"o*plas`ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Perineum</i> + <i>-plasty</i>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>The act or process of restoring an injured perineum.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per`i*ne*or"rha*phy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Perineum</i> + Gr. &?; to sew.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>The operation of sewing up a ruptured perineum.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Per`i*ne*phri"tis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Peri-</u>, and <u>Nephritis</u>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Inflammation of the cellular tissue around the kidney.</def> — <wf>Per`i*ne*phrit"ic</wf>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>||Per`i*ne"um</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, &?;.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>The region which is included within the outlet of the pelvis, and is traversed by the urinogenital canal and the rectum.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per`i*neu"ri*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Surrounding nerves or nerve fibers; of or pertaining to the perineurium.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Per`i*neu"ri*um</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?; about + &?; a nerve.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>The connective tissue sheath which surrounds a bundle of nerve fibers. See <u>Epineurium</u>, and <u>Neurilemma</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per`i*nu"cle*ar</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to a nucleus; situated around a nucleus; as, the <i>perinuclear</i> protoplasm.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pe"ri*od</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>periodus</i>, Gr. &?; a going round, a way round, a circumference, a period of time; &?; round, about + &?; a way: cf. F. <i>p&eacute;riode</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A portion of time as limited and determined by some recurring phenomenon, as by the completion of a revolution of one of the heavenly bodies; a division of time, as a series of years, months, or days, in which something is completed, and ready to recommence and go on in the same order; as, the <i>period</i> of the sun, or the earth, or a comet.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> Hence: <def>A stated and recurring interval of time; more generally, an interval of time specified or left indefinite; a certain series of years, months, days, or the like; a time; a cycle; an age; an epoch; as, the <i>period</i> of the Roman republic.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>How by art to make plants more lasting than their ordinary <i>period</i>.</blockquote> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Geol.)</i> <def>One of the great divisions of geological time; as, the Tertiary <i>period</i>; the Glacial <i>period</i>. See the <i>Chart</i> of <u>Geology</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>The termination or completion of a revolution, cycle, series of events, single event, or act; hence, a limit; a bound; an end; a conclusion.</def> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>So spake the archangel Michael; then paused,<BR> As at the world's great <i>period</i>.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Evils which shall never end till eternity hath a <i>period</i>.</blockquote> <i>Jer. Taylor.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>This is the <i>period</i> of my ambition.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <i>(Rhet.)</i> <def>A complete sentence, from one full stop to another; esp., a well-proportioned, harmonious sentence.</def> "Devolved his rounded <i>periods</i>." <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Periods</i> are beautiful when they are not too long.</blockquote> <i>B. Johnson.</i></p>

<p>&fist; The <i>period</i>, according to Heyse, is a compound sentence consisting of a protasis and apodosis; according to Becker, it is the appropriate form for the co&ouml;rdinate propositions related by antithesis or causality. <i>Gibbs.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <i>(Print.)</i> <def>The punctuation point [.] that marks the end of a complete sentence, or of an abbreviated word.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <i>(Math.)</i> <def>One of several similar sets of figures or terms usually marked by points or commas placed at regular intervals, as in numeration, in the extraction of roots, and in circulating decimals.</def></p>

<p><! p. 1067 !></p>

<p><sn><b>8.</b></sn> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>The time of the exacerbation and remission of a disease, or of the paroxysm and intermission.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>9.</b></sn> <i>(Mus.)</i> <def>A complete musical sentence.</def></p>

<p><col><b>The period</b></col>, <cd>the present or current time, as distinguished from all other times.</cd></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Time; date; epoch; era; age; duration; limit; bound; end; conclusion; determination.</p>

<p><hw>Pe"ri*od</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To put an end to.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pe"ri*od</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To come to a period; to conclude. [Obs.] "You may <i>period</i> upon this, that," etc.</def> <i>Felthman.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per*i"o*date</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A salt of periodic acid.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per`i*od"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>per-</i> + <i>iodic</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Pertaining to, derived from, or designating, the highest oxygen acid (HIO&?;) of iodine.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pe`ri*od"ic</hw> (?), <hw>Pe`ri*od"ic*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>periodicus</i>, Gr. &?;: cf. F. <i>p&eacute;riodique</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Of or pertaining to a period or periods, or to division by periods.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>periodical</i>times of all the satellites.</blockquote> <i>Sir J. Herschel.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Performed in a period, or regular revolution; proceeding in a series of successive circuits; as, the <i>periodical</i> motion of the planets round the sun.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Happening, by revolution, at a stated time; returning regularly, after a certain period of time; acting, happening, or appearing, at fixed intervals; recurring; as, <i>periodical</i> epidemics.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>periodic</i> return of a plant's flowering.</blockquote> <i>Henslow.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>To influence opinion through the <i>periodical</i> press.</blockquote> <i>Courthope.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Rhet.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to a period; constituting a complete sentence.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Periodic comet</b></col> <i>(Astron.)</i>, <cd>a comet that moves about the sun in an elliptic orbit; a comet that has been seen at two of its approaches to the sun.</cd> — <col><b>Periodic function</b></col> <i>(Math.)</i>, <cd>a function whose values recur at fixed intervals as the variable uniformly increases. The trigonomertic functions, as sin <i>x</i>, tan <i>x</i>, etc., are periodic functions. Exponential functions are also periodic, having an imaginary period, and the elliptic functions have not only a real but an imaginary period, and are hence called <i>doubly periodic</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Periodic law</b></col> <i>(Chem.)</i>, <cd>the generalization that the properties of the chemical elements are periodic functions of their atomic wieghts. "In other words, if the elements are grouped in the order of their atomic weights, it will be found that nearly the same properties recur periodically throughout the entire series." The following tabular arrangement of the atomic weights shows the regular recurrence of groups (under I., II., III., IV., etc.), each consisting of members of the same natural family. The gaps in the table indicate the probable existence of unknown elements.</cd></p>

<p> <table> TABLE OF THE PERIODIC LAW OF THE CHEMICAL ELEMENTS (The vertical columns contain the periodic groups) <vertical>Series</vertical>1{ 2{ 3{ 4{ 5{ 6{ 7{ 8{ 9{ 10{ 11{ 12{ <pre>——————————————————————————————— |<row>I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII.</row> |<row> RH4 RH3 RH3 RH </row> |<row>R2O RO R3O3 RO2 R2O5 RO3 R2O7 RO4 </row> ———————————————————————————————</pre> <row>H</row> <row>1</row></p>

<p><row>Li</row> <row>7</row></p>

<p><row>Na</row> <row>23</row></p>

<p><row>K</row> <row>39</row></p>

<p><row>(Cu)</row> <row>63</row></p>

<p><row>Rb</row> <row>85.2</row></p>

<p><row>(Ag)</row> <row>(108)</row></p>

<p><row>Cs</row> <row>133</row></p>

<p><row>(-)</row> <row></row></p>

<p><row>(-)</row> <row></row></p>

<p><row>(Au)</row> <row>(197)</row></p>

<p><row>(-)</row> <row></row></p>

<p>————————————————————————————————- </table></p>

<p>&fist; A similar relation had been enunciated in a crude way by Newlands; but the law in its effective form was developed and elaborated by Mendelejeff, whence it is sometimes called <i>Mendelejeff's law</i>. Important extensions of it were also made by L. Meyer. By this means Mendelejeff predicted with remarkable accuracy the hypothetical elements ekaboron, ekaluminium, and ekasilicon, afterwards discovered and named respectively scandium, gallium, and germanium.</p>

<p>— <col><b>Periodic star</b></col> <i>(Astron.)</i>, <cd>a variable star whose changes of brightness recur at fixed periods.</cd> — <col><b>Periodic time of a heavenly body</b></col> <i>(Astron.)</i>, <cd>the time of a complete revolution of the body about the sun, or of a satellite about its primary.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pe`ri*od"ic*al</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A magazine or other publication which appears at stated or regular intervals.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pe`ri*od"ic*al*ist</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who publishes, or writes for, a periodical.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pe`ri*od"ic*al*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a periodical manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pe`ri*od"ic*al*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Periodicity.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pe`ri*o*dic"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Periodicities</b></plw> (#). [Cf. F. <i>p&eacute;riodicit&eacute;</i>.] <def>The quality or state of being periodical, or regularly recurrent; as, the <i>periodicity</i> in the vital phenomena of plants.</def> <i>Henfrey.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per*i"o*dide</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>per-</i> + <i>iodide</i>.] <def>An iodide containing a higher proportion of iodine than any other iodide of the same substance or series.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per`i*o*don"tal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>peri- </i> + Gr. &?;, &?;, tooth.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Surrounding the teeth.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pe`ri*od"o*scope</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Period</i> + <i>-scope</i>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>A table or other means for calculating the periodical functions of women.</def> <i>Dunglison.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>||Per`i*&oelig;"ci</hw>, <hw>Per`i*&oelig;"cians</hw>, } <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL. <i>perioeci</i>, fr. Gr. &?;; &?; around + &?; house, dwelling.] <def>Those who live on the same parallel of latitude but on opposite meridians, so that it is noon in one place when it is midnight in the other. Compare <u>Ant&oelig;ci</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per"i*o*ple</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>p&eacute;riople</i>, from Gr. &?; about + &?; the hoof of a horse.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>The external smooth horny layer of the hoof of the horse and allied animals.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per`i*op"lic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to the periople; connected with the periople.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per`i*os"te*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Situated around bone; of or pertaining to the periosteum.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Per`i*os"te*um</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?; round the bones; &?; around + &?; a bone: cf. L. <i>periosteon</i>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>The membrane of fibrous connective tissue which closely invests all bones except at the articular surfaces.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Per`i*os*ti"tis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Periosteum</u>, and <u>-itis</u>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Inflammation of the periosteum.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Per`i*os"tra*cum</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Periostraca</b></plw> (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; around + &?; shell of a testacean.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A chitinous membrane covering the exterior of many shells; — called also <i>epidermis</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per`i*o"tic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>peri-</i> + Gr. &?;, &?;, the ear.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Surrounding, or pertaining to the region surrounding, the internal ear; as, the <i>periotic</i> capsule.</def> — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A periotic bone.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per`i*pa*te"cian</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A peripatetic.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Per`i*pa*tet"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>peripateticus</i>, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to walk about; &?; about + &?; to walk: cf. F. <i>p&eacute;ripat&eacute;tique</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Walking about; itinerant.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Of or pertaining to the philosophy taught by Aristotle (who gave his instructions while walking in the Lyceum at Athens), or to his followers.</def> "The true <i>peripatetic</i> school." <i>Howell.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per`i*pa*tet"ic</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who walks about; a pedestrian; an itinerant.</def> <i>Tatler.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A disciple of Aristotle; an Aristotelian.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per`i*pa*tet"ic*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Peripatetic.</def> [R.] <i>Hales.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per`i*pa*tet"i*cism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>p&eacute;ripat&eacute;tisme</i>.] <def>The doctrines or philosophical system of the peripatetics. See <u>Peripatetic</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, 2.</def> <i>Lond. Sat. Rev.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Pe*rip"a*tus</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a walking about.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A genus of lowly organized arthropods, found in South Africa, Australia, and tropical America. It constitutes the order Malacopoda.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per`i*pet"al*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Surrounding, or situated about, the petals.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pe*riph"er*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Of or pertaining to a periphery; constituting a periphery; peripheric.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>External; away from the center; as, the <i>peripheral</i> portion of the nervous system.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Per`i*pher"ic</hw> (?), <hw>Per`i*pher"ic*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>p&eacute;riph&eacute;rique</i>. See <u>Periphery</u>.] <def>See <u>Peripheral</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pe*riph"er*y</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Peripheries</b></plw> (#). [L. <i>peripheria</i>, Gr. &?;; &?; around + &?; to bear, carry: cf. F. <i>p&eacute;riph&eacute;rie</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The outside or superficial portions of a body; the surface.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Geom.)</i> <def>The circumference of a circle, ellipse, or other figure.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per"i*phrase</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>periphrasis</i>, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to think about, to be expressed periphrastically; &?; + &?; to speak: cf. F. <i>p&eacute;riphrase</i>. See <u>Phrase</u>.] <i>(Rhet.)</i> <def>The use of more words than are necessary to express the idea; a roundabout, or indirect, way of speaking; circumlocution.</def> "To describe by enigmatic <i>periphrases</i>." <i>De Quincey.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per"i*phrase</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Periphrased</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Periphrasing</u>.] [Cf. F. <i>p&eacute;riphraser</i>.] <def>To express by periphrase or circumlocution.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per"i*phrase</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To use circumlocution.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pe*riph"ra*sis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Periphrases</b></plw> (#). [L.] <def>See <u>Periphrase</u>.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Per`i*phras"tic</hw> (?), <hw>Per`i*phras"tic*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;: cf. F. <i>p&eacute;riphrastique</i>.] <def>Expressing, or expressed, in more words than are necessary; characterized by periphrase; circumlocutory.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Periphrastic conjugation</b></col> <i>(Gram.)</i>, <cd>a conjugation formed by the use of the simple verb with one or more auxiliaries.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Per`i*phras"tic*al*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>With circumlocution.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per"i*plast</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>peri-</i> + Gr. &?; to mold, form.] <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Periblast</u>.</def> — <wf>Per`i*plas"tic</wf> (#), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>Huxley.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>||Per`ip*neu*mo"ni*a</hw> (?), <hw>Per`ip*neu"mo*ny</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>peripneumonia</i>, Gr. &?;: cf. F. <i>p&eacute;ripneumonie</i>. See <u>Peri-</u>, <u>Pneumonia</u>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Pneumonia.</def> (Obsoles.) </p>

<p><hw>Per`ip*neu*mon"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>peripneumonicus</i>, Gr. &?;: cf. F. <i>p&eacute;ripneumonique</i>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to peripneumonia.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per"i*proct</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>peri-</i> + Gr. &?; the anus.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The region surrounding the anus, particularly of echinoderms.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Per`i*proc*ti"tis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Peri-</u>, and <u>Proctitus</u>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Inflammation of the tissues about the rectum.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pe*rip"ter*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr., fr. &?; + &?; feather, wing, row of columns.] <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>Having columns on all sides; — said of an edifice. See <u>Apteral</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pe*rip"ter*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>Peripteral.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Feathered all around.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per"i*sarc</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>peri-</i> + Gr. &?;, &?;, flesh.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The outer, hardened integument which covers most hydroids.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pe*ris"cian</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;; &?; around + &?; shadow: cf. F. <i>p&eacute;riscien</i>.] <def>Having the shadow moving all around.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pe*ris"cians</hw> (?), <hw>||Pe*ris"ci*i</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Periscian</u>.] <def>Those who live within a polar circle, whose shadows, during some summer days, will move entirely round, falling toward every point of the compass.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per"i*scope</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>peri-</i> + <i>-scope</i>.] <def>A general or comprehensive view.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Per`i*scop"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>p&eacute;riscopique</i>.] <def>Viewing all around, or on all sides.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Periscopic spectacles</b></col> <i>(Opt.)</i>, <cd>spectacles having concavo-convex or convexo-concave lenses with a considerable curvature corresponding to that of the eye, to increase the distinctness of objects viewed obliquely.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Per"ish</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Perished</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Perishing</u>.] [OE. <i>perissen</i>, <i>perisshen</i>, F. <i>p&eacute;rir</i>, p. pr. <i>p&eacute;rissant</i>, L. <i>perire</i> to go or run through, come to nothing, perish; <i>per</i> through + <i>ire</i> to go. Cf. <u>Issue</u>, and see <u>-ish</u>.] <def>To be destroyed; to pass away; to become nothing; to be lost; to die; hence, to wither; to waste away.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I <i>perish</i> with hunger!</blockquote> <i>Luke xv. 17.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Grow up and <i>perish</i>, as the summer fly.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The thoughts of a soul that <i>perish</i> in thinking.</blockquote> <i>Locke.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per"ish</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To cause perish.</def> [Obs.] <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per`ish*a*bil"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Perishableness.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per"ish*a*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [F. <i>p&eacute;rissable</i>.] <def>Liable to perish; subject to decay, destruction, or death; as, <i>perishable</i> goods; our <i>perishable</i> bodies.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per"ish*a*ble*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality or state of being perishable; liability to decay or destruction.</def> <i>Locke.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per"ish*a*bly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a perishable degree or manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per"ish*ment</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. OF. <i>perissement</i>.] <def>The act of perishing.</def> [R.] <i>Udall.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Per`i*so"ma</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Perisomata</b></plw> (#). [NL.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Perisome</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per"i*some</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>peri-</i> + <i>-some</i> body.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The entire covering of an invertebrate animal, as echinoderm or c&oelig;lenterate; the integument.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per"i*sperm</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>p&eacute;risperme</i>. See <u>Peri-</u>, and <u>Sperm</u>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The albumen of a seed, especially that portion which is formed outside of the embryo sac.</def> — <wf>Per`i*sper"mic</wf> (#), <pos><i>a.</i></pos></p>

<p>{ <hw>Per`i*spher"ic</hw> (?), <hw>Per`i*spher"ic*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Exactly spherical; globular.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Per`i*spom"e*non</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Perispomena</b></plw> (#). [NL., from Gr. &?;, pr. pass. p. of &?; to draw around, to circumflex; &?; around + &?; to draw.] <i>(Gr. Gram.)</i> <def>A word which has the circumflex accent on the last syllable.</def> <i>Goodwin.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per"i*spore</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The outer covering of a spore.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per"is*sad</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; odd, from &?; over.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Odd; not even; — said of elementary substances and of radicals whose valence is not divisible by two without a remainder. Contrasted with <i>artiad</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per"isse</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To perish.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per`is*so*dac"tyl</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of the Perissodactyla.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Per`is*so*dac"ty*la</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., from Gr. &?; odd (fr. &?; over) + &?; finger.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A division of ungulate mammals, including those that have an odd number of toes, as the horse, tapir, and rhinoceros; — opposed to <i>Artiodactyla</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per`is*so*log"ic*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>p&eacute;rissologique</i>.] <def>Redundant or excessive in words.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Per`is*sol"o*gy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>perissologia</i>, Gr. &?;; &?; odd, superfluous + &?; discourse.] <def>Superfluity of words.</def> [R.] <i>G. Campbell.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Per`i*stal"sis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Peristaltic</u>.] <i>(Physiol.)</i> <def>Peristaltic contraction or action.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per`i*stal"tic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; clasping and compressing, fr. &?; to surround, wrap up; &?; round + &?; to place, arrange: cf. F. <i>p&eacute;ristaltique</i>.] <i>(Physiol.)</i> <def>Applied to the peculiar wormlike wave motion of the intestines and other similar structures, produced by the successive contraction of the muscular fibers of their walls, forcing their contents onwards; as, <i>peristaltic</i> movement.</def> — <wf>Per`i*stal"tic*al*ly</wf> (#), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>||Per`is*te"ri*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Peristerion</u>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A genus of orchidaceous plants. See <u>Dove plant</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Per`is*te"ri*on</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a dovecote, a kind of verbena, fr. &?; a dove, pigeon; cf. L. <i>peristereon</i>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The herb vervain (<i>Verbena officinalis</i>).</def></p>

<p><hw>Pe*ris"ter*ite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; a pigeon.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>A variety of albite, whitish and slightly iridescent like a pigeon's neck.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pe*ris`ter*o*mor"phous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; a pigeon + <i>-morphous</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Like or pertaining to the pigeons or Columb&aelig;.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pe*ris`ter*op"o*dous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; a pigeon + &?;, &?;, foot.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Having pigeonlike feet; — said of those gallinaceous birds that rest on all four toes, as the curassows and megapods.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pe*ris"to*le</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL.: cf. F. <i>p&eacute;ristole</i>. See <u>Peristaltic</u>.] <i>(Physiol.)</i> <def>Peristaltic action, especially of the intestines.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pe*ris"to*ma</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Peristomata</b></plw> (#). [NL.] <def>Same as <u>Peristome</u>.</def></p>

<p><! p. 1068 !></p>

<p><hw>Per"i*stome</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>peri-</i> + Gr. &?;, &?;, mouth.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The fringe of teeth around the orifice of the capsule of mosses. It consists of 4, 8, 16, 32, or 64 teeth, and may be either single or double.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The lip, or edge of the aperture, of a spiral shell.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The membrane surrounding the mouth of an invertebrate animal.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per`i*sto"mi*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to a peristome.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Per`i*sto"mi*um</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL.] <def>Same as <u>Peristome</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per`i*streph"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; to turn round.] <def>Turning around; rotatory; revolving; as, a <i>peristrephic</i> painting (of a panorama).</def></p>

<p><hw>Per"i*style</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>peristylum</i>, Gr. &?;, &?;; &?; about + &?; a column: cf. F. <i>p&eacute;ristyle</i>.] <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>A range of columns with their entablature, etc.; specifically, a complete system of columns, whether on all sides of a court, or surrounding a building, such as the cella of a temple. Used in the former sense, it gives name to the larger and inner court of a Roman dwelling, the <i>peristyle</i>. See <u>Colonnade</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per`i*sys"to*le</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>peri- </i> + <i>systole</i>: cf. F. <i>p&eacute;risystole</i>.] <i>(Physiol.)</i> <def>The interval between the diastole and systole of the heart. It is perceptible only in the dying.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pe*rite"</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>peritus</i>.] <def>Skilled.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>||Per`i*the"ci*um</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?; around + &?; box.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>An organ in certain fungi and lichens, surrounding and enveloping the masses of fructification.</def> <i>Henslow.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pe*rit"o*mous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; cut off all around. See <u>Peri-</u>, and <u>Tome</u>.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>Cleaving in more directions than one, parallel to the axis.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per`i*to*n&aelig;"um</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Peritoneum</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per`i*to*ne"al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>p&eacute;riton&eacute;al</i>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to the peritoneum.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per`i*to*ne"um</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>peritoneum</i>, <i>peritonaeum</i>, Gr. &?;, &?;, fr. &?; to stretch all around or over; &?; around + &?; to stretch.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>The smooth serous membrane which lines the cavity of the abdomen, or the whole body cavity when there is no diaphragm, and, turning back, surrounds the viscera, forming a closed, or nearly closed, sac.</def> [Written also <i>periton&aelig;um</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>||Per`i*to*ni"tis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Peritoneum</u>, and <u>-itis</u>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Inflammation of the peritoneum.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per`i*tra"che*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Surrounding the trache&aelig;.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per"i*treme</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>peri-</i> + Gr. &?; a hole.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>That part of the integument of an insect which surrounds the spiracles.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The edge of the aperture of a univalve shell.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pe*rit"ri*cha</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?; about + &?;, &?;, hair.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A division of ciliated Infusoria having a circle of cilia around the oral disk and sometimes another around the body. It includes the vorticellas. See <u>Vorticella</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Per`i*tro"chi*um</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?;; &?; around + &?; a wheel.] <i>(Mech.)</i> <def>The wheel which, together with the axle, forms the <i>axis in peritrochio</i>, which see under <u>Axis</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per*it"ro*pal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to turn around; &?; around + &?; to turn: cf. F. <i>p&eacute;ritrope</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Rotatory; circuitous.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Having the axis of the seed perpendicular to the axis of the pericarp to which it is attached.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per*it"ro*pous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Peritropal.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Per`i*typh*li"tis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Peri-</u>, and <u>Typhlitis</u>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Inflammation of the connective tissue about the c&aelig;cum.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per`i*u"ter*ine</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Surrounding the uterus.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per`i*vas"cu*lar</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Around the blood vessels; as, <i>perivascular</i> lymphatics.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per`i*ver"te*bral</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Surrounding the vertebr&aelig;.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per`i*vis"cer*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Around the viscera; as, the <i>perivisceral</i> cavity.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per`i*vi*tel"line</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>peri-</i> + <i>vitelline</i>.] <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>Situated around the vitellus, or between the vitellus and zona pellucida of an ovum.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per"i*wig</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>perrwige</i>, <i>perwicke</i>, corrupt. fr. F. <i>perruque</i>; cf. OD. <i>peruyk</i>, from French. See <u>Peruke</u>, and cf. <u>Wig</u>.] <def>A headdress of false hair, usually covering the whole head, and representing the natural hair; a wig.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per"i*wig</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Perwigged</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Perwigging</u> (?).] <def>To dress with a periwig, or with false hair.</def> <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per"i*win`kle</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From AS. <i>pinewincla</i> a shellfish, in which <i>pine-</i> is fr. L. <i>pina</i>, <i>pinna</i>, a kind of mussel, akin to Gr. &?;. Cf. <u>Winkle</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any small marine gastropod shell of the genus Littorina. The common European species (<i>Littorina littorea</i>), in Europe extensively used as food, has recently become naturalized abundantly on the American coast. See <u>Littorina</u>.</def></p>

<p>&fist; In America the name is often applied to several large univalves, as <i>Fulgur carica</i>, and <i>F. canaliculata</i>.</p>

<p><hw>Per"i*win`kle</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>pervenke</i>, AS. <i>pervince</i>, fr. L. <i>pervinca</i>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A trailing herb of the genus <i>Vinca</i>.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The common perwinkle (<i>Vinca minor</i>) has opposite evergreen leaves and solitary blue or white flowers in their axils. In America it is often miscalled <i>myrtle</i>. See under <u>Myrtle</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Per"jen*et</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. <u>Pear</u>, and <u>Jenneting</u>.] <def>A kind of pear.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per"jure</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Perjured</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Perjuring</u>.] [F. <i>parjurer</i>, L. <i>perjurare</i>, <i>perjerare</i>; <i>per</i> through, over + <i>jurare</i> to swear. See <u>Jury</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To cause to violate an oath or a vow; to cause to make oath knowingly to what is untrue; to make guilty of perjury; to forswear; to corrupt; — often used reflexively; as, he <i>perjured</i> himself.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Want will <i>perjure</i><BR> The ne'er-touched vestal.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To make a false oath to; to deceive by oaths and protestations.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>And with a virgin innocence did pray<BR> For me, that <i>perjured</i> her.</blockquote> <i>J. Fletcher.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — To <u>Perjure</u>, <u>Forswear</u>. These words have been used interchangeably; but there is a tendency to restrict <i>perjure</i> to that species of forswearing which constitutes the crime of perjury at law, namely, the willful violation of an oath administered by a magistrate or according to law.</p>

<p><hw>Per"jure</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>perjurus</i>: cf. OF. <i>parjur</i>, F. <i>parjure</i>.] <def>A perjured person.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per"jured</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Guilty of perjury; having sworn falsely; forsworn.</def> <i>Shak.</i> "<i>Perjured</i> persons." <i>1 Tim. i. 10.</i> "Their <i>perjured</i> oath." <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per"jur*er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who is guilty of perjury; one who perjures or forswears, in any sense.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Per*ju"ri*ous</hw> (?), <hw>Per"ju*rous</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>perjuriosus</i>, <i>perjurus</i>.] <def>Guilty of perjury; containing perjury.</def> [Obs.] <i>Quarles. B. Johnson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per"ju*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Perjuries</b></plw> (#). [L. <i>perjurium</i>. See <u>Perjure</u>, <pos><i>v.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>False swearing.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Law)</i> <def>At common law, a willfully false statement in a fact material to the issue, made by a witness under oath in a competent judicial proceeding. By statute the penalties of perjury are imposed on the making of willfully false affirmations.</def></p>

<p>&fist; If a man swear falsely in nonjudicial affidavits, it is made perjury by statute in some jurisdictions in the United States.</p>

<p><hw>Perk</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Perked</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Perking</u>.] [Cf. W. <i>percu</i> to trim, to make smart.] <def>To make trim or smart; to straighten up; to erect; to make a jaunty or saucy display of; as, to <i>perk</i> the ears; to <i>perk</i> up one's head.</def> <i>Cowper. Sherburne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Perk</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To exalt one's self; to bear one's self loftily.</def> "To <i>perk</i> over them." <i>Barrow.</i></p>

<p><col><b>To perk it</b></col>, <cd>to carry one's self proudly or saucily.</cd> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><hw>Perk</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Smart; trim; spruce; jaunty; vain.</def> "<i>Perk</i> as a peacock." <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Perk</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To peer; to look inquisitively.</def> <i>Dickens.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per"kin</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A kind of weak perry.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per"kin*ism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>A remedial treatment, by drawing the pointed extremities of two rods, each of a different metal, over the affected part; tractoration, — first employed by Dr. Elisha <i>Perkins</i> of Norwich, Conn. See <u>Metallotherapy</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Perk"y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Perk; pert; jaunty; trim.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>There amid <i>perky</i> larches and pines.</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per*la"ceous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See <u>Pearl</u>.] <def>Pearly; resembling pearl.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per"lid</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any insect of the genus <i>Perla</i>, or family <i>Perlid&aelig;</i>. See <i>Stone fly</i>, under <u>Stone</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per"lite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Min.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Pearlite</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per*lit"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Min.)</i> <def>Relating to or resembling perlite, or pearlstone; as, the <i>perlitic</i> structure of certain rocks. See <u>Pearlite</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per"lous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Perilous.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per`lus*tra"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>perlustrare</i> to wander all through, to survey. See 3d <u>Luster</u>.] <def>The act of viewing all over.</def> [Archaic] <i>Howell.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per"ma*na*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Permanent; durable.</def> [Obs.] <i>Lydgate.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Per"ma*nence</hw> (?), <hw>Per"ma*nen*cy</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>permanence</i>.] <def>The quality or state of being permanent; continuance in the same state or place; duration; fixedness; as, the <i>permanence</i> of institutions; the <i>permanence</i> of nature.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per"ma*nent</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>permanens</i>, <i>-entis</i>, p. pr. of <i>permanere</i> to stay or remain to the end, to last; <i>per + manere</i> to remain: cf. F. <i>permanent</i>. See <u>Per-</u>, and <u>Mansion</u>.] <def>Continuing in the same state, or without any change that destroys form or character; remaining unaltered or unremoved; abiding; durable; fixed; stable; lasting; as, a <i>permanent</i> impression.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Eternity stands <i>permanent</i> and fixed.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Permanent gases</b></col> <i>(Chem. & Physics)</i>, <cd>hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon monoxide; — also called <i>incondensible or incoercible gases</i>, before their liquefaction in 1877.</cd> — <col><b>Permanent way</b></col>, <cd>the roadbed and superstructure of a finished railway; — so called in distinction from the contractor's <i>temporary way</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Permanent white</b></col> <i>(Chem.)</i>, <cd>barium sulphate (<i>heavy spar</i>), used as a white pigment or paint, in distinction from <i>white lead</i>, which tarnishes and darkens from the formation of the sulphide.</cd></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Lasting; durable; constant. See <u>Lasting</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Per"ma*nent*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a permanent manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per*man"ga*nate</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A salt of permanganic acid.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Potassium permanganate</b></col>. <i>(Chem.)</i> <cd>See <i>Potassium permanganate</i>, under <u>Potassium</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Per`man*gan"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, one of the higher acids of manganese, HMnO<sub>4</sub>, which forms salts called <i>permanganates</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per*man"sion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>permansio</i>. See <u>Permanent</u>.] <def>Continuance.</def> [Obs.] <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per`me*a*bil"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>perm&eacute;abilit&eacute;</i>.] <def>The quality or state of being permeable.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Magnetic permeability</b></col> <i>(Physics)</i>, <cd>the specific capacity of a body for magnetic induction, or its conducting power for lines of magnetic force.</cd> <i>Sir W. Thomson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per"me*a*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>permeabilis</i>: cf. F. <i>perm&eacute;able</i>. See <u>Permeate</u>.] <def>Capable of being permeated, or passed through; yielding passage; passable; penetrable; — used especially of substances which allow the passage of fluids; as, wood is <i>permeable</i> to oil; glass is <i>permeable</i> to light.</def> <i>I. Taylor.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per"me*a*bly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a permeable manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per"me*ant</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>permeans</i>, p. pr.] <def>Passing through; permeating.</def> [R.] <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per"me*ate</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Permeated</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Permeating</u>.] [L. <i>permeatus</i>, p. p. of <i>permeare</i> to permeate; <i>per + meare</i> to go, pass.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To pass through the pores or interstices of; to penetrate and pass through without causing rupture or displacement; — applied especially to fluids which pass through substances of loose texture; as, water <i>permeates</i> sand.</def> <i>Woodward.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To enter and spread through; to pervade.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>God was conceived to be diffused throughout the whole world, to <i>permeate</i> and pervade all things.</blockquote> <i>Cudworth.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per`me*a"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The act of permeating, passing through, or spreading throughout, the pores or interstices of any substance.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Here is not a mere involution only, but a spiritual <i>permeation</i> and inexistence.</blockquote> <i>Bp. Hall.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per"mi*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [From the ancient kingdom of <i>Permia</i>, where the Permian formation exists.] <i>(Geol.)</i> <def>Belonging or relating to the period, and also to the formation, next following the Carboniferous, and regarded as closing the Carboniferous age and Paleozoic era.</def> — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The Permian period. See <i>Chart</i> of <u>Geology</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per"mi*ans</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos>; sing. <singw><b>Permian</b></singw> (&?;). <i>(Ethnol.)</i> <def>A tribe belonging to the Finnic race, and inhabiting a portion of Russia.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per*mis"ci*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>permiscere</i> to mingle; <i>per + miscere</i> to mix.] <def>Capable of being mixed.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per*miss"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Permit</u>.] <def>A permitted choice; a rhetorical figure in which a thing is committed to the decision of one's opponent.</def> [Obs.] <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per*mis`si*bil"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality of being permissible; permissibleness; allowableness.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per*mis"si*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>That may be permitted; allowable; admissible.</def> — <wf>Per*mis"si*ble*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> — <wf>Per*mis"si*bly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Per*mis"sion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>permissio</i>: cf. F. <i>permission</i>. See <u>Permit</u>.] <def>The act of permitting or allowing; formal consent; authorization; leave; license or liberty granted.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>High <i>permission</i> of all-ruling Heaven.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>You have given me your <i>permission</i> for this address.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Leave; liberty; license. — <u>Leave</u>, <u>Permission</u>. <i>Leave</i> implies that the recipient may decide whether to use the license granted or not. <i>Permission</i> is the absence on the part of another of anything preventive, and in general, at least by implication, signifies approval.</p>

<p><hw>Per*mis"sive</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Permitting; granting leave or liberty.</def> "By his <i>permissive</i> will." <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Permitted; tolerated; suffered.</def> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per*mis"sive*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a permissive manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per*mis"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>permistio</i>, <i>permixtio</i>, fr. <i>permiscere</i>, <i>permistum</i>, and <i>permixtum</i>. See <u>Permiscible</u>.] <def>The act of mixing; the state of being mingled; mixture.</def> [Written also <i>permixtion</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Per*mit"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Permitted</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Permitting</u>.] [L. <i>permittere</i>, <i>permissum</i>, to let through, to allow, permit; <i>per + mittere</i> to let go, send. See <u>Per-</u>, and <u>Mission</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To consent to; to allow or suffer to be done; to tolerate; to put up with.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>What things God doth neither command nor forbid . . . he <i>permitteth</i> with approbation either to be done or left undone.</blockquote> <i>Hooker.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To grant (one) express license or liberty to do an act; to authorize; to give leave; — followed by an infinitive.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Thou art <i>permitted</i> to speak for thyself.</blockquote> <i>Acis xxvi. 1.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To give over; to resign; to leave; to commit.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Let us not aggravate our sorrows,<BR> But to the gods <i>permit</i> the event of things.</blockquote> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — To allow; let; grant; admit; suffer; tolerate; endure; consent to. — To <u>Allow</u>, <u>Permit</u>, <u>Suffer</u>, <u>Tolerate</u>. To <i>allow</i> is more positive, denoting (at least originally and etymologically) a decided assent, either directly or by implication. To <i>permit</i> is more negative, and imports only acquiescence or an abstinence from prevention. The distinction, however, is often disregarded by good writers. To <i>suffer</i> has a stronger passive or negative sense than to <i>permit</i>, sometimes implying against the will, sometimes mere indifference. To <i>tolerate</i> is to endure what is contrary to will or desire. To <i>suffer</i> and to <i>tolerate</i> are sometimes used without discrimination.</p>

<p><hw>Per*mit"</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To grant permission; to allow.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per"mit</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Warrant; license; leave; permission; specifically, a written license or permission given to a person or persons having authority; as, a <i>permit</i> to land goods subject to duty.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per*mit"tance</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The act of permitting; allowance; permission; leave.</def> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per`mit*tee"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One to whom a permission or permit is given.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per*mit"ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who permits.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A <i>permitter</i>, or not a hinderer, of sin.</blockquote> <i>J. Edwards.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per*mix"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To mix; to mingle.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Per*mix"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Permission</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per*mut"a*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>permutable</i>.] <def>Capable of being permuted; exchangeable.</def> — <wf>Per*mut"a*ble*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> — <wf>Per*mut"a*bly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Per`mu*ta"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>permutatio</i>: cf. F. <i>permutation</i>. See <u>Permute</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of permuting; exchange of the thing for another; mutual transference; interchange.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The violent convulsions and <i>permutations</i> that have been made in property.</blockquote> <i>Burke.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Math.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The arrangement of any determinate number of things, as units, objects, letters, etc., in all possible orders, one after the other; — called also <i>alternation</i>. Cf. <u>Combination</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, 4.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>Any one of such possible arrangements.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Law)</i> <def>Barter; exchange.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Permutation lock</b></col>, <cd>a lock in which the parts can be transposed or shifted, so as to require different arrangements of the tumblers on different occasions of unlocking.</cd></p>

<p><! p. 1069 !></p>

<p><hw>Per*mute"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [L. <i>permutare</i>, <i>permutatum</i>; <i>per + mutare</i> to change: cf. F. <i>permuter</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To interchange; to transfer reciprocally.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To exchange; to barter; to traffic.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Bought, trucked, <i>permuted</i>, or given.</blockquote> <i>Hakluyt.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per*mut"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who permutes.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pern</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [See <u>Pernancy</u>.] <def>To take profit of; to make profitable.</def> [Obs.] <i>Sylvester.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pern</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The honey buzzard.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per"nan*cy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>prenance</i>, fr. <i>prendre</i>, <i>prenre</i>, <i>penre</i>, to take, L. <i>prendere</i>, <i>prehendere</i>.] <i>(Law)</i> <def>A taking or reception, as the receiving of rents or tithes in kind, the receiving of profits.</def> <i>Blackstone.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per"nel</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Pimpernel</u>.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Per*ni"cion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See 2d <u>Pernicious</u>.] <def>Destruction; perdition.</def> [Obs.] <i>hudibras.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per*ni"cious</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>pernix</i>, <i>-icis</i>.] <def>Quick; swift (to burn).</def> [R.] <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per*ni"cious</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>perniciosus</i>, from <i>pernicies</i> destruction, from <i>pernecare</i> to kill or slay outright; <i>per + necare</i> to kill, slay: cf. F. <i>pernicieux</i>. Cf. <u>Nuisance</u>, <u>Necromancy</u>.] <def>Having the quality of injuring or killing; destructive; very mischievous; baleful; malicious; wicked.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Let this <i>pernicious</i> hour<BR> Stand aye accursed in the calendar.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Pernicious</i> to his health.</blockquote> <i>Prescott.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Destructive; ruinous; deadly; noxious; injurious; baneful; deleterious; hurtful; mischievous.</p>

<p>— <wf>Per*ni"cious*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos>, — <wf>Per*ni"cious*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Per*nic"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>pernicitas</i>. See 1st <u>Pernicious</u>.] <def>Swiftness; celerity.</def> [R.] <i>Ray.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Per"ni*o</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>A chilblain.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per`noc*ta"li*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who watches or keeps awake all night.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per`noc*ta"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>pernoctatio</i>, fr. <i>pernoctare</i> to stay all night; <i>per + nox</i>, <i>noctis</i>, night.] <def>The act or state of passing the whole night; a remaining all night.</def> "<i>Pernoctation</i> in prayer." <i>Jer. Taylor.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per"nor</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Pern</u>, <pos><i>v.</i></pos>] <i>(Law)</i> <def>One who receives the profits, as of an estate.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per"not fur"nace</hw> (?). [So called from Charles <i>Pernot</i>, its inventor.] <def>A reverberatory furnace with a circular revolving hearth, — used in making steel.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per"ny*i moth"</hw> (?). <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A silk- producing moth (<i>Attacus Pernyi</i>) which feeds upon the oak. It has been introduced into Europe and America from China.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per*of"skite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From von <i>Perovski</i>, of St.Petersburg.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>A titanate of lime occurring in octahedral or cubic crystals.</def> [Written also <i>Perovskite</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Pe*rogue</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Pirogue</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per"o*nate</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>peronatus</i> rough&?;booted, fr. <i>pero</i>, <i>-onis</i>, a kind of rough boot.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A term applied to the stipes or stalks of certain fungi which are covered with a woolly substance which at length becomes powdery.</def> <i>Henslow.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per`o*ne"al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; the fibula.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to the fibula; in the region of the fibula.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per"o*rate</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [See <u>Peroration</u>.] <def>To make a peroration; to harangue.</def> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><hw>Per`o*ra"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>peroratio</i>, fr. <i>perorate</i>, <i>peroratum</i>, to speak from beginning to end; <i>per + orate</i> to speak. See <u>Per-</u>, and <u>Oration</u>.] <i>(Rhet.)</i> <def>The concluding part of an oration; especially, a final summing up and enforcement of an argument.</def> <i>Burke.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per*ox`i*da"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Act, process, or result of peroxidizing; oxidation to a peroxide.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per*ox"ide</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>An oxide containing more oxygen than some other oxide of the same element. Formerly peroxides were regarded as the highest oxides. Cf. <u>Per-</u>, 2.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per*ox"i*dize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Peroxidized</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Peroxidizing</u>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>To oxidize to the utmost degree, so as to form a peroxide.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per*pend"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [L. <i>perpendere</i>, <i>perpensum</i>; <i>per + pendere</i> to weight.] <def>To weight carefully in the mind.</def> [R.] "<i>Perpend</i> my words." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per*pend"</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To attend; to be attentive.</def> [R.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per*pend"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>parpaing</i>, pierre <i>parpaigne</i>; of uncertain origin.] <i>(Masonry)</i> <def>A large stone reaching through a wall so as to appear on both sides of it, and acting as a binder; — called also <i>perbend</i>, <i>perpend stone</i>, and <i>perpent stone</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per*pen"di*cle</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>perpendiculum</i>; <i>per + pendere</i> to hang: cf. F. <i>perpendicule</i>.] <def>Something hanging straight down; a plumb line.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Per`pen*dic"u*lar</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>perpendicularis</i>, <i>perpendicularius</i>: cf. F. <i>perpendiculaire</i>. See <u>Perpendicle</u>, <u>Pension</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Exactly upright or vertical; pointing to the zenith; at right angles to the plane of the horizon; extending in a right line from any point toward the center of the earth.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Geom.)</i> <def>At right angles to a given line or surface; as, the line <i>ad</i> is <i>perpendicular</i> to the line <i>bc</i>.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Perpendicular style</b></col> <i>(Arch.)</i>, <cd>a name given to the latest variety of English Gothic architecture, which prevailed from the close of the 14th century to the early part of the 16th; — probably so called from the vertical style of its window mullions.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Per`pen*dic"u*lar</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A line at right angles to the plane of the horizon; a vertical line or direction.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Geom.)</i> <def>A line or plane falling at right angles on another line or surface, or making equal angles with it on each side.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per`pen*dic`u*lar"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>perpendicularit&eacute;</i>.] <def>The quality or state of being perpendicular.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per`pen*dic"u*lar*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a perpendicular manner; vertically.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per"pend stone`</hw> (?). <def>See <u>Perpender</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per*pen"sion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Perpend</u>.] <def>Careful consideration; pondering.</def> [Obs.] <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per*pen"si*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Perpension.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Per"pent stone`</hw> (?). <def>See <u>Perpender</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per*pes"sion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>perpessio</i>, fr. <i>perpeti</i>, <i>perpessus</i>, to bear steadfastly; <i>per + pati</i> to bear.] <def>Suffering; endurance.</def> [Obs.] <i>Bp. Pearson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per"pe*tra"ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Capable of being perpetrated.</def> <i>R. North.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per"pe*trate</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Perpetrated</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Perpetrating</u>.] [L. <i>perpetratus</i>, p. p. of <i>perpetrare</i> to effect, perpetrare; <i>per + patrare</i> to perform.] <def>To do or perform; to carry through; to execute, commonly in a bad sense; to commit (as a crime, an offense); to be guilty of; as, to <i>perpetrate</i> a foul deed.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>What the worst <i>perpetrate</i>, or best endure.</blockquote> <i>Young.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per`pe*tra"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>perpetratio</i>: cf. F. <i>perp&eacute;tration</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of perpetrating; a doing; — commonly used of doing something wrong, as a crime.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The thing perpetrated; an evil action.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per"pe*tra`tor</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L.] <def>One who perpetrates; esp., one who commits an offense or crime.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per*pet"u*a*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Capable of being perpetuated or continued.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Varieties are <i>perpetuable</i>, like species.</blockquote> <i>Gray.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per*pet"u*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [OE. <i>perpetuel</i>, F. <i>perp&eacute;tuel</i>, fr. L. <i>perpetualis</i>, fr. <i>perpetuus</i> continuing throughout, continuous, fr. <i>perpes</i>, <i>-etis</i>, lasting throughout.] <def>Neverceasing; continuing forever or for an unlimited time; unfailing; everlasting; continuous.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Unto the kingdom of <i>perpetual</i> night.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Perpetual</i> feast of nectared sweets.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Circle of perpetual apparition</b></col>, or <col><b>occultation</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Circle</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Perpetual calendar</b></col>, <cd>a calendar so devised that it may be adjusted for any month or year.</cd> — <col><b>Perpetual curacy</b></col> <i>(Ch. of Eng.)</i>, <cd>a curacy in which all the tithes are appropriated, and no vicarage is endowed.</cd> <i>Blackstone.</i> — <col><b>Perpetual motion</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Motion</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Perpetual screw</b></col>. <cd>See <i>Endless screw</i>, under <u>Screw</u>.</cd></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Continual; unceasing; endless; everlasting; incessant; constant; eternal. See <u>Constant</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Per*pet"u*al*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a perpetual manner; constantly; continually.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The Bible and Common Prayer Book in the vulgar tongue, being <i>perpetually</i> read in churches, have proved a kind of standard for language.</blockquote> <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per*pet"u*al*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The state or condition of being perpetual.</def> [Obs.] <i>Testament of Love.</i></p>

<p> <hw>Per*pet"u*ance</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Perpetuity.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Per*pet"u*ate</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Perpetuated</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Perpetuating</u>.] [L. <i>perpetuatus</i>, p. p. of <i>perpetuare</i> to perpetuate. See <u>Perpetual</u>.] <def>To make perpetual; to cause to endure, or to be continued, indefinitely; to preserve from extinction or oblivion; to eternize.</def> <i>Addison. Burke.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per*pet"u*ate</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>perpetuatus</i>, p. p.] <def>Made perpetual; perpetuated.</def> [R.] <i>Southey.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per*pet`u*a"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>perp&eacute;tuation</i>.] <def>The act of making perpetual, or of preserving from extinction through an endless existence, or for an indefinite period of time; continuance.</def> <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per`pe*tu"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>perpetuitas</i>: cf. F. <i>perp&eacute;tuit&eacute;</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The quality or state of being perpetual; as, the <i>perpetuity</i> of laws.</def> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>A path to <i>perpetuity</i> of fame.</blockquote> <i>Byron.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>perpetuity</i> of single emotion is insanity.</blockquote> <i>I. Taylor.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Something that is perpetual.</def> <i>South.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Endless time.</def> "And yet we should, for <i>perpetuity</i>, go hence in debt." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Annuities)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The number of years in which the simple interest of any sum becomes equal to the principal.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The number of years' purchase to be given for an annuity to continue forever.</def> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <def>A perpetual annuity.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <i>(Law)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>Duration without limitations as to time.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The quality or condition of an estate by which it becomes inalienable, either perpetually or for a very long period; also, the estate itself so modified or perpetuated.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per*plex"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Perplexed</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Perplexing</u>.] [L. <i>perplexari</i>. See <u>Perplex</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To involve; to entangle; to make intricate or complicated, and difficult to be unraveled or understood; as, to <i>perplex</i> one with doubts.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>No artful wildness to <i>perplex</i> the scene.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>What was thought obscure, <i>perplexed</i>, and too hard for our weak parts, will lie open to the understanding in a fair view.</blockquote> <i>Locke.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To embarrass; to puzzle; to distract; to bewilder; to confuse; to trouble with ambiguity, suspense, or anxiety.</def> "<i>Perplexd</i> beyond self-explication." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>We are <i>perplexed</i>, but not in despair.</blockquote> <i>2 Cor. iv. 8.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>We can distinguish no general truths, or at least shall be apt to <i>perplex</i> the mind.</blockquote> <i>Locke.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To plague; to vex; to tormen.</def> <i>Glanvill.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — To entangle; involve; complicate; embarrass; puzzle; bewilder; confuse; distract. See <u>Embarrass</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Per*plex"</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>perplexus</i> entangled, intricate; <i>per + plectere</i>, <i>plexum</i>, to plait, braid: cf. F. <i>perplexe</i>. See <u>Per-</u>, and <u>Plait</u>.] <def>Intricate; difficult.</def> [Obs.] <i>Glanvill.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per*plexed"</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Entangled, involved, or confused; hence, embarrassd; puzzled; doubtful; anxious.</def> — <wf>Per*plex"ed*ly</wf> (#), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Per*plex"ed*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Per*plex"ing</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Embarrassing; puzzling; troublesome.</def> "<i>Perplexing</i> thoughts." <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per*plex"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Perplexities</b></plw> (#). [L. <i>perplexitas</i>: cf. F. <i>perplexit&eacute;</i>.] <def>The quality or state of being perplexed or puzzled; complication; intricacy; entanglement; distraction of mind through doubt or difficulty; embarrassment; bewilderment; doubt.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>By their own <i>perplexities</i> involved,<BR> They ravel more.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per*plex"ive*ness</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality of being perplexing; tendency to perplex.</def> [Obs.] <i>Dr. H. More.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per*plex"ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>Perplexedly.</def> [Obs.] <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per`po*ta"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>perpotatio</i>, fr. <i>perpotate</i>. See <u>Per-</u>, and <u>Potation</u>.] <def>The act of drinking excessively; a drinking bout.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Per"qui*site</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>perquisitum</i>, fr. <i>perquisitus</i>, p. p. of <i>perquirere</i> to ask for diligently; <i>per + quaerere</i> to seek. See <u>Per-</u>, and <u>Quest</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Something gained from a place or employment over and above the ordinary salary or fixed wages for services rendered; especially, a fee allowed by law to an officer for a specific service.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The pillage of a place taken by storm was regarded as the <i>perquisite</i> of the soldiers.</blockquote> <i>Prescott.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The best <i>perquisites</i> of a place are the advantages it gaves a man of doing good.</blockquote> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>pl.</i> <i>(Law)</i> <def>Things gotten by a man's own industry, or purchased with his own money, as opposed to things which come to him by descent.</def> <i>Mozley & W.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per"qui*sit*ed</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Supplied with perquisites.</def> [Obs.] "<i>Perquisited</i> varlets frequent stand." <i>Savage.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per`qui*si"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>perquisition</i>.] <def>A thorough inquiry of search.</def> [R.] <i>Berkeley.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per*ra"di*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Situated around the radii, or radial tubes, of a radiate.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per"rie</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>pierreries</i>, pl., fr. <i>pierre</i> stone, L. <i>petra</i>.] <def>Precious stones; jewels.</def> [Obs.] [Written also <i>perre</i>, <i>perrye</i>, etc.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per"ri*er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>perriere</i>, <i>perrier</i>, F. <i>perrier</i>. Cf. <u>Pederero</u>.] <i>(Mil.)</i> <def>A short mortar used formerly for throwing stone shot.</def> <i>Hakluyt.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per`ro*quet"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>See <u>Paroquet</u>, <u>Parakeet</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Per`ruque"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F.] <def>See <u>Peruke</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per*ru"qui*er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F.] <def>A marker of perukes or wigs.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per"ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>per&eacute;</i>, F. <i>poir&eacute;</i>, fr. <i>poire</i> a pear, L. <i>pirum</i>. See <u>Pear</u> the fruit.] <def>A fermented liquor made from pears; pear cider.</def> <i>Mortimer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per"ry</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A suddent squall. See <u>Pirry</u>.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Pers</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [F. <i>pers</i>.] <def>Light blue; grayish blue; — a term applied to different shades at different periods.</def> — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A cloth of sky-blue color.</def> [Obs.] "A long surcoat of <i>pers</i>." <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per"salt`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A term formerly given to the salts supposed to be formed respectively by neutralizing acids with certain peroxides.</def> [Obsoles.]</p>

<p><hw>Per"sant</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [F. <i>per&ccedil;ant</i>, p. pr. of <i>percer</i> to pierce.] <def>Piercing.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per`scru*ta"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>perscrutatio</i>, fr. <i>perscrutari</i> to search through.] <def>A thorough searching; a minute inquiry or scrutiny.</def> <i>Carlyle</i></p>

<p><hw>Per"se*cot</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Persicot</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per"se*cute</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Persecuted</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Persecuting</u>.] [F. <i>pers&eacute;cueter</i>, L. <i>persequi</i>, <i>persecutus</i>, to pursue, prosecute; <i>per + sequi</i> to follow, pursue. See <u>Per-</u>, and <u>Second</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To pursue in a manner to injure, grieve, or afflict; to beset with cruelty or malignity; to harass; especially, to afflict, harass, punish, or put to death, for adherence to a particular religious creed or mode of worship.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Do good to them that hate you, and pray for them which despitefully use you, and <i>persecute</i> you.</blockquote> <i>Matt. v. 44.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To harass with importunity; to pursue with persistent solicitations; to annoy.</def> <i>Johnson.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — To oppress; harass; distress; worry; annoy.</p>

<p><hw>Per`se*cu"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>pers&eacute;cution</i>, L. <i>persecutio</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act or practice of persecuting; especially, the infliction of loss, pain, or death for adherence to a particular creed or mode of worship.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Persecution</i> produces no sincere conviction.</blockquote> <i>Paley.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The state or condition of being persecuted.</def> <i>Locke.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A carrying on; prosecution.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Per"se*cu`tor</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L.: cf. F. <i>pers&eacute;cuteur</i>.] <def>One who persecutes, or harasses.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per"se*cu`trix</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L.] <def>A woman who persecutes.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per"se*id</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Astron.)</i> <def>One of a group of shooting stars which appear yearly about the 10th of August, and cross the heavens in paths apparently radiating from the constellation <i>Perseus</i>. They are beleived to be fragments once connected with a comet visible in 1862.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per"se*us</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., from Gr. &?;.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Class. Myth.)</i> <def>A Grecian legendary hero, son of Jupiter and Dana&euml;, who slew the Gorgon Medusa.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Astron.)</i> <def>A consellation of the northern hemisphere, near Taurus and Cassiopea. It contains a star cluster visible to the naked eye as a nebula.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per*sev"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To persevere.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Per`se*ver"ance</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>pers&eacute;v&eacute;rance</i>, L. <i>perseverantia</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of persevering; persistence in anything undertaken; continued pursuit or prosecution of any business, or enterprise begun.</def> "The king-becoming graces . . . <i>perseverance</i>, mercy, lowliness." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Whose constant <i>perseverance</i> overcame<BR> Whate'er his cruel malice could invent.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Discrimination.</def> [Obs.] <i>Sir J. Harrington.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Theol.)</i> <def>Continuance in a state of grace until it is succeeded by a state of glory; sometimes called <i>final perseverance</i>, and <i>the perseverance of the saints</i>. See <u>Calvinism</u>.</def></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Persistence; steadfastness; constancy; steadiness; pertinacity.</p>

<p><! p. 1070 !></p>

<p><hw>Per`se*ver"ant</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>perseverans</i>, <i>-antis</i>, p. pr.: cf. F. <i>pers&eacute;v&eacute;rant</i>.] <def>Persevering.</def> [R.] "<i>Perseverant</i> faith." <i>Whitby.</i> — <wf>Per`se*ver"ant*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Per`se*vere"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Persevered</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Persevering</u>.] [F. <i>pers&eacute;v&eacute;rer</i>, L. <i>perseverare</i>, fr. <i>perseverus</i> very strict; <i>per + severus</i> strict, severe. See <u>Per-</u>, and <u>Severe</u>.] <def>To persist in any business or enterprise undertaken; to pursue steadily any project or course begun; to maintain a purpose in spite of counter influences, opposition, or discouragement; not to give or abandon what is undertaken.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Thrice happy, if they know<BR> Their happiness, and <i>persevere</i> upright.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — To <u>Persevere</u>, <u>Continue</u>, <u>Persist</u>. The idea of not laying aside is common to these words. <i>Continue</i> is the generic term, denoting simply to do as one has done hitherto. To <i>persevere</i> is to <i>continue</i> in a given course in spite of discouragements, etc., from a desire to obtain our end. To <i>persist</i> is to <i>continue</i> from a determination of will not to give up. <i>Persist</i> is frequently used in a bad sense, implying obstinacy in pursuing an unworthy aim.</p>

<p><hw>Per`se*ver"ing</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Characterized by perseverance; persistent.</def> — <wf>Per`se*ver"ing*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Per"sian</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [From <i>Persia</i>: cf. It. <i>Persiano</i>. Cf. <u>Parsee</u>, <u>Peach</u>, <u>Persic</u>.] <def>Of or pertaining to Persia, to the Persians, or to their language.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Persian berry</b></col>, <cd>the fruit of <i>Rhamnus infectorius</i>, a kind of buckthorn, used for dyeing yellow, and imported chiefly from Trebizond.</cd> — <col><b>Persian cat</b></col>. <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <cd>Same as <i>Angora cat</i>, under <u>Angora</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Persian columns</b></col> <i>(Arch.)</i>, <cd>columns of which the shaft represents a Persian slave; — called also <i>Persians</i>. See <u>Atlantes</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Persian drill</b></col> <i>(Mech.)</i>, <cd>a drill which is turned by pushing a nut back and forth along a spirally grooved drill holder.</cd> — <col><b>Persian fire</b></col> <i>(Med.)</i>, <cd>malignant pustule.</cd> — <col><b>Persian powder</b></col>. <cd>See <i>Insect powder</i>, under <u>Insect</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Persian red</b></col>. <cd>See <i>Indian red</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd>, under <u>Indian</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Persian wheel</b></col>, <cd>a noria; a tympanum. See <u>Noria</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Per"sian</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A native or inhabitant of Persia.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The language spoken in Persia.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A thin silk fabric, used formerly for linings.</def> <i>Beck.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>pl.</i> <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>See <i>Persian columns</i>, under <u>Persian</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos></def></p>

<p><hw>Per"sic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>Persicus</i>. Cf. <u>Persian</u>.] <def>Of or relating to Persia.</def> — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The Persian language.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Per`si*ca"ri*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., from LL. <i>persicarius</i> a peach tree. See <u>Peach</u>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>See <u>Lady's thumb</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per"si*cot</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. See <u>Peach</u>.] <def>A cordial made of the kernels of apricots, nectarines, etc., with refined spirit.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Per`si`flage"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., fr. <i>persifler</i> to quiz, fr. L. <i>per + siffler</i> to whistle, hiss, L. <i>sibilare</i>, <i>sifilare</i>.] <def>Frivolous or bantering talk; a frivolous manner of treating any subject, whether serious or otherwise; light raillery.</def> <i>Hannah More.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Per`si`fleur</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F.] <def>One who indulges in persiflage; a banterer; a quiz.</def> <i>Carlyle.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per*sim"mon</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Virginia Indian.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>An American tree (<i>Diospyros Virginiana</i>) and its fruit, found from New York southward. The fruit is like a plum in appearance, but is very harsh and astringent until it has been exposed to frost, when it becomes palatable and nutritious.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Japanese persimmon</b></col>, <cd><i>Diospyros Kaki</i> and its red or yellow edible fruit, which outwardly resembles a tomato, but contains a few large seeds.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Per"sis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Etymol. uncertain.] <def>A kind of coloring matter obtained from lichens.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per"sism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A Persian idiom.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per*sist"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Persisted</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Persisting</u>.] [L. <i>persistere</i>; <i>per + sistere</i> to stand or be fixed, fr. <i>stare</i> to stand: cf. F. <i>persister</i>. See <u>Per-</u>, and <u>Stand</u>.] <def>To stand firm; to be fixed and unmoved; to stay; to continue steadfastly; especially, to continue fixed in a course of conduct against opposing motives; to persevere; - - sometimes conveying an unfavorable notion, as of doggedness or obstinacy.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>If they <i>persist</i> in pointing their batteries against particular persons, no laws of war forbid the making reprisals.</blockquote> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Some positive, <i>persisting</i> fops we know,<BR> Who, if once wrong, will needs be always so.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>That face <i>persists</i>.<BR> It floats up; it turns over in my mind.</blockquote> <i>Mrs. Browning.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — See <u>Persevere</u>, and <u>Insist</u>.</p>

<p>{ <hw>Per*sist"ence</hw> (?), <hw>Per*sist"en*cy</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Persistent</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The quality or state of being persistent; staying or continuing quality; hence, in an unfavorable sense, doggedness; obstinacy.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The continuance of an effect after the cause which first gave rise to it is removed</def>; as: <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <i>(Physics)</i> <def>The <i>persistence</i> of motion.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <i>(Physiol.)</i> <def>Visual <i>persistence</i>, or <i>persistence</i> of the visual impression; auditory <i>persistence</i>, etc.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per*sist"ent</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>persistens</i>, <i>-entis</i>, p. pr. of <i>persistere</i>. See <u>Persist</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Inclined to persist; having staying qualities; tenacious of position or purpose.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>Remaining beyond the period when parts of the same kind sometimes fall off or are absorbed; permanent; as, <i>persistent</i> teeth or gills; a <i>persistent</i> calyx; — opposed to <i>deciduous</i>, and <i>caducous</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per*sist"ent*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a persistent manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per*sist"ing</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Inclined to persist; tenacious of purpose; persistent.</def> — <wf>Per*sist"ing*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Per*sist"ive</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Persistent</u>.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per*solve"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [L. <i>persolvere</i>.] <def>To pay wholly, or fully.</def> [Obs.] <i>E. Hall.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per"son</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>persone</i>, <i>persoun</i>, <i>person</i>, <i>parson</i>, OF. <i>persone</i>, F. <i>personne</i>, L. <i>persona</i> a mask (used by actors), a personage, part, a person, fr. <i>personare</i> to sound through; <i>per + sonare</i> to sound. See <u>Per-</u>, and cf. <u>Parson</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A character or part, as in a play; a specific kind or manifestation of individual character, whether in real life, or in literary or dramatic representation; an assumed character.</def> [Archaic]</p>

<p><blockquote>His first appearance upon the stage in his new <i>person</i> of a sycophant or juggler.</blockquote> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>No man can long put on a <i>person</i> and act a part.</blockquote> <i>Jer. Taylor.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>To bear rule, which was thy part<BR> And <i>person</i>, hadst thou known thyself aright.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>How different is the same man from himself, as he sustains the <i>person</i> of a magistrate and that of a friend!</blockquote> <i>South.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The bodily form of a human being; body; outward appearance; as, of comely <i>person</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A fair <i>persone</i>, and strong, and young of age.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>If it assume my noble father's <i>person</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Love, sweetness, goodness, in her <i>person</i> shined.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A living, self-conscious being, as distinct from an animal or a thing; a moral agent; a human being; a man, woman, or child.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Consider what <i>person</i> stands for; which, I think, is a thinking, intelligent being, that has reason and reflection.</blockquote> <i>Locke.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>A human being spoken of indefinitely; one; a man; as, any <i>person</i> present.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>A parson; the parish priest.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <i>(Theol.)</i> <def>Among Trinitarians, one of the three subdivisions of the Godhead (the Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost); an hypostasis.</def> "Three <i>persons</i> and one God." <i>Bk. of Com. Prayer.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <i>(Gram.)</i> <def>One of three relations or conditions (that of speaking, that of being spoken to, and that of being spoken of) pertaining to a noun or a pronoun, and thence also to the verb of which it may be the subject.</def></p>

<p>&fist; A noun or pronoun, when representing the speaker, is said to be in the first <i>person</i>; when representing what is spoken to, in the second <i>person</i>; when representing what is spoken of, in the third <i>person</i>.</p>

<p><sn><b>8.</b></sn> <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>A shoot or bud of a plant; a polyp or zooid of the compound Hydrozoa Anthozoa, etc.; also, an individual, in the narrowest sense, among the higher animals.</def> <i>Haeckel.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>True corms, composed of united person&aelig; . . . usually arise by gemmation, . . . yet in sponges and corals occasionally by fusion of several originally distinct <i>persons</i>.</blockquote> <i>Encyc. Brit.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Artificial</b></col>, or <col><b>Fictitious</b></col>, <col><b>person</b></col> <i>(Law)</i>, <cd>a corporation or body politic.</cd> <i>blackstone.</i> — <col><b>Natural person</b></col> <i>(Law)</i>, <cd>a man, woman, or child, in distinction from a corporation.</cd> — <col><b>In person</b></col>, <cd>by one's self; with bodily presence; not by representative.</cd> "The king himself <i>in person</i> is set forth." <i>Shak.</i> — <col><b>In the person of</b></col>, <cd>in the place of; acting for.</cd> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per"son</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To represent as a person; to personify; to impersonate.</def> [Obs.] <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Per*so"na</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Person&aelig;</b></plw> (#). [L.] <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Person</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, 8.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per"son*a*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Having a well-formed body, or person; graceful; comely; of good appearance; presentable; as, a <i>personable</i> man or woman.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Wise, warlike, <i>personable</i>, courteous, and kind.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The king, . . . so visited with sickness, was not <i>personable</i>.</blockquote> <i>E. Hall.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Law)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>Enabled to maintain pleas in court.</def> <i>Cowell.</i> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>Having capacity to take anything granted.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per"son*age</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>personnage</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Form, appearance, or belongings of a person; the external appearance, stature, figure, air, and the like, of a person.</def> "In <i>personage</i> stately." <i>Hayward.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The damsel well did view his <i>personage</i>.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Character assumed or represented.</def> "The actors and <i>personages</i> of this fable." <i>Broome.</i> "Disguised in a false <i>personage</i>." <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A notable or distinguished person; a conspicious or peculiar character; as, an illustrious <i>personage</i>; a comely <i>personage</i> of stature tall.</def> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per"son*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>personalis</i>: cf. F. <i>personnel</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Pertaining to human beings as distinct from things.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Every man so termed by way of <i>personal</i> difference.</blockquote> <i>Hooker.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Of or pertaining to a particular person; relating to, or affecting, an individual, or each of many individuals; peculiar or proper to private concerns; not public or general; as, <i>personal</i> comfort; <i>personal</i> desire.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The words are conditional, — If thou doest well, — and so <i>personal</i> to Cain.</blockquote> <i>Locke.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Pertaining to the external or bodily appearance; corporeal; as, <i>personal</i> charms.</def> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Done in person; without the intervention of another.</def> "<i>Personal</i> communication." <i>Fabyan.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The immediate and <i>personal</i> speaking of God.</blockquote> <i>White.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>Relating to an individual, his character, conduct, motives, or private affairs, in an invidious and offensive manner; as, <i>personal</i> reflections or remarks.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <i>(Gram.)</i> <def>Denoting person; as, a <i>personal</i> pronoun.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Personal action</b></col> <i>(Law)</i>, <cd>a suit or action by which a man claims a debt or personal duty, or damages in lieu of it; or wherein he claims satisfaction in damages for an injury to his person or property, or the specific recovery of goods or chattels; — opposed to <i>real action</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Personal equation</b></col>. <i>(Astron.)</i> <cd>See under <u>Equation</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Personal estate</b></col> or <col><b>property</b></col> <i>(Law)</i>, <cd>movables; chattels; — opposed to <i>real estate</i> or <i>property</i>. It usually consists of things temporary and movable, including all subjects of property not of a freehold nature.</cd> — <col><b>Personal identity</b></col> <i>(Metaph.)</i>, <cd>the persistent and continuous unity of the individual person, which is attested by consciousness.</cd> — <col><b>Personal pronoun</b></col> <i>(Gram.)</i>, <cd>one of the pronouns <i>I</i>, <i>thou</i>, <i>he</i>, <i>she</i>, <i>it</i>, and their plurals.</cd> — <col><b>Personal representatives</b></col> <i>(Law)</i>, <cd>the executors or administrators of a person deceased.</cd> — <col><b>Personal rights</b></col>, <cd>rights appertaining to the person; as, the rights of a <i>personal</i> security, <i>personal</i> liberty, and private property.</cd> — <col><b>Personal tithes</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Tithe</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Personal verb</b></col> <i>(Gram.)</i>, <cd>a verb which is modified or inflected to correspond with the three persons.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Per"son*al</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Law)</i> <def>A movable; a chattel.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per"son*al*ism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality or state of being personal; personality.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Per`son*al"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Personalities</b></plw> (#). [Cf. F. <i>personnalit&eacute;</i>. Cf. <u>Personality</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>That which constitutes distinction of person; individuality.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Personality</i> is individuality existing in itself, but with a nature as a ground.</blockquote> <i>Coleridge.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Something said or written which refers to the person, conduct, etc., of some individual, especially something of a disparaging or offensive nature; personal remarks; as, indulgence in <i>personalities</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Sharp <i>personalities</i> were exchanged.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Law)</i> <def>That quality of a law which concerns the condition, state, and capacity of persons.</def> <i>Burrill.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per"son*al*ize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Personalized</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Personalizing</u> (?).] <def>To make personal.</def> "They <i>personalize</i> death." <i>H. Spencer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per"son*al*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>In a personal manner; by bodily presence; in person; not by representative or substitute; as, to deliver a letter <i>personally</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He, being cited, <i>personally</i> came not.</blockquote> <i>Grafton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>With respect to an individual; as regards the person; individually; particularly.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>She bore a mortal hatred to the house of Lancaster, and <i>personally</i> to the king.</blockquote> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>With respect to one's individuality; as regards one's self; as, <i>personally</i> I have no feeling in the matter.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per"son*al*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The state of being a person; personality.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Law)</i> <def>Personal property, as distinguished from realty or real property.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per"son*ate</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Personated</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Personating</u> (?).] [L. <i>personare</i> to cry out, LL., to extol. See <u>Person</u>.] <def>To celebrate loudly; to extol; to praise.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>In fable, hymn, or song so <i>personating</i><BR> Their gods ridiculous.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per"son*ate</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [L. <i>personatus</i> masked, assumed, fictitious, fr. <i>persona</i> a mask. See <u>Person</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To assume the character of; to represent by a fictitious appearance; to act the part of; hence, to counterfeit; to feign; as, he tried to <i>personate</i> his brother; a <i>personated</i> devotion.</def> <i>Hammond.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To set forth in an unreal character; to disguise; to mask.</def> [R.] "A <i>personated</i> mate." <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To personify; to typify; to describe.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per"son*ate</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To play or assume a character.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per"son*ate</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>personatus</i> masked.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Having the throat of a bilabiate corolla nearly closed by a projection of the base of the lower lip; masked, as in the flower of the snapdragon.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per`son*a"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The act of personating, or conterfeiting the person or character of another.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per"son*a`tor</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who personates.</def> "The <i>personators</i> of these actions." <i>B. Jonson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per`son*e"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Personality.</def> [R.] <i>Coleridge.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per*son`i*fi*ca"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>personnification</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of personifying; impersonation; embodiment.</def> <i>C. Knight.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Rhet.)</i> <def>A figure of speech in which an inanimate object or abstract idea is represented as animated, or endowed with personality; prosopop&?;ia; as, the floods clap their hands.</def> "Confusion heards his voice." <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per*son"i*fi`er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who personifies.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per*son"i*fy</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Personified</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Personifying</u> (?).] [<i>Person</i> + <i>-fy</i>: cf. F. <i>personnifier</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To regard, treat, or represent as a person; to represent as a rational being.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The poets take the liberty of <i>personifying</i> inanimate things.</blockquote> <i>Chesterfield.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To be the embodiment or personification of; to impersonate; as, he <i>personifies</i> the law.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per"son*ize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To personify.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Milton has <i>personized</i> them.</blockquote> <i>J. Richardson.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Per`son`nel"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. See <u>Personal</u>.] <def>The body of persons employed in some public service, as the army, navy, etc.; — distinguished from <i>mat&eacute;riel</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per*spec"tive</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>perspicere</i>, <i>perspectum</i>, to look through; <i>per + spicere</i>, <i>specere</i>, to look: cf. F. <i>perspectif</i>; or from E. <i>perspective</i>, n. See <u>Spy</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Of or pertaining to the science of vision; optical.</def> [Obs.] <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Pertaining to the art, or in accordance with the laws, of perspective.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Perspective plane</b></col>, <cd>the plane or surface on which the objects are delineated, or the picture drawn; the plane of projection; — distinguished from the <i>ground plane</i>, which is that on which the objects are represented as standing. When this plane is oblique to the principal face of the object, the perspective is called <i>oblique perspective</i>; when parallel to that face, <i>parallel perspective</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Perspective shell</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>any shell of the genus <i>Solarium</i> and allied genera. See <u>Solarium</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Per*spec"tive</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>perspective</i>, fr. <i>perspectif</i>: cf. It. <i>perspettiva</i>. See <u>Perspective</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A glass through which objects are viewed.</def> [Obs.] "Not a <i>perspective</i>, but a mirror." <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>That which is seen through an opening; a view; a vista.</def> "The <i>perspective</i> of life." <i>Goldsmith.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>The effect of distance upon the appearance of objects, by means of which the eye recognized them as being at a more or less measurable distance. Hence, <i>a&euml;rial perspective</i>, the assumed greater vagueness or uncertainty of outline in distant objects.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A&euml;rial <i>perspective</i> is the expression of space by any means whatsoever, sharpness of edge, vividness of color, etc.</blockquote> <i>Ruskin.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>The art and the science of so delineating objects that they shall seem to grow smaller as they recede from the eye; — called also <i>linear perspective</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>A drawing in linear perspective.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Isometrical perspective</b></col>, <cd>an inaccurate term for a mechanical way of representing objects in the direction of the diagonal of a cube.</cd> — <col><b>Perspective glass</b></col>, <cd>a telescope which shows objects in the right position.</cd></p>

<p><! p. 1071 !></p>

<p><hw>Per*spec"tive*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Optically; as through a glass.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>You see them <i>perspectively</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>According to the rules of perspective.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per*spec"to*graph</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>perspectus</i> (p. p. of <i>perspicere</i> to look through) + <i>- graph</i>.] <def>An instrument for obtaining, and transferring to a picture, the points and outlines of objects, so as to represent them in their proper geometrical relations as viewed from some one point.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per`spec*tog"ra*phy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The science or art of delineating objects according to the laws of perspective; the theory of perspective.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per"spi*ca*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>perspicabilis</i>, fr. <i>perspicere</i>.] <def>Discernible.</def> [Obs.] <i>Herbert.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per`spi*ca"cious</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>perspicax</i>, <i>-acis</i>, fr. <i>perspicere</i> to look through: cf. F. <i>perspicace</i>. See <u>Perspective</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Having the power of seeing clearly; quick-sighted; sharp of sight.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Fig.: Of acute discernment; keen.</def></p>

<p>— <wf>Per`spi*ca"cious*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Per`spi*ca"cious*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Per`spi*cac"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>perspicacitas</i>: cf. F. <i>perspicacit&eacute;</i>. See <u>Perspicacious</u>.] <def>The state of being perspicacious; acuteness of sight or of intelligence; acute discernment.</def> <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per"spi*ca*cy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Perspicacity.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Per*spi"cience</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>perspicientia</i>, fr. <i>perspiciens</i>, p. p. of <i>perspicere</i>. See <u>Perspective</u>.] <def>The act of looking sharply.</def> [Obs.] <i>Bailey.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per"spi*cil</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [LL. <i>perspicilla</i>, fr. L. <i>perspicere</i> to look through.] <def>An optical glass; a telescope.</def> [Obs.] <i>Crashaw.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per`spi*cu"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>perspicuitas</i>: cf. F. <i>perspicuit&eacute;</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The quality or state of being transparent or translucent.</def> [Obs.] <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The quality of being perspicuous to the understanding; clearness of expression or thought.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Sagacity; perspicacity.</def></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Clearness; perspicuousness; plainness; distinctness; lucidity; transparency. See <u>Clearness</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Per*spic"u*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>perspicuus</i>, from <i>perspicere</i> to look through. See <u>Perspective</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Capable of being through; transparent; translucent; not opaque.</def> [Obs.] <i>Peacham.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Clear to the understanding; capable of being clearly understood; clear in thought or in expression; not obscure or ambiguous; as, a <i>perspicuous</i> writer; <i>perspicuous</i> statements.</def> "The purpose is <i>perspicuous</i>." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p>— <wf>Per*spic"u*ous*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Per*spic"u*ous*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Per*spir`a*bil"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality or state of being perspirable.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per*spir"a*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>perspirable</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Capable of being perspired.</def> <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Emitting perspiration; perspiring.</def> [R.] <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per`spi*ra"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>perspiration</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act or process of perspiring.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>That which is excreted through the skin; sweat.</def></p>

<p>&fist; A man of average weight throws off through the skin during 24 hours about 18 ounces of water, 300 grains of solid matter, and 400 grains of carbonic acid gas. Ordinarily, this constant exhalation is not apparent, and the excretion is then termed <i>insensible perspiration</i>.</p>

<p><hw>Per*spir"a*tive</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Performing the act of perspiration; perspiratory.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per*spir"a*to*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of, pertaining to, or producing, perspiration; as, the <i>perspiratory</i> ducts.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per*spire"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Perspired</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Perspiring</u>.] [L. <i>perspirare</i> to breathe through; <i>per + spirare</i>. See <u>Per-</u>, and <u>Spirit</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Physiol.)</i> <def>To excrete matter through the skin; esp., to excrete fluids through the pores of the skin; to sweat.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To be evacuated or excreted, or to exude, through the pores of the skin; as, a fluid <i>perspires</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per*spire"</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To emit or evacuate through the pores of the skin; to sweat; to excrete through pores.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Firs . . . <i>perspire</i> a fine balsam of turpentine.</blockquote> <i>Smollett.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per*strep"er*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>perstrepere</i> to make a great noise.] <def>Noisy; obstreperous.</def> [Obs.] <i>Ford.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per*stringe"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [L. <i>perstringere</i>; <i>per + stringere</i> to bind up, to touch upon.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To touch; to graze; to glance on.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To criticise; to touch upon.</def> [R.] <i>Evelyn.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per*suad"a*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>That may be persuaded.</def> — <wf>Per*suad"a*ble*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> — <wf>Per*suad"a*bly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Per*suade"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Persuaded</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Persuading</u>.] [L. <i>persuadere</i>, <i>persuasum</i>; <i>per + suadere</i> to advise, persuade: cf. F. <i>persuader</i>. See <u>Per- </u>, and <u>Suasion</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To influence or gain over by argument, advice, entreaty, expostulation, etc.; to draw or incline to a determination by presenting sufficient motives.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Almost thou <i>persuadest</i> me to be a Christian.</blockquote> <i>Acts xxvi. 28.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>We will <i>persuade</i> him, be it possible.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To try to influence.</def> [Obsolescent]</p>

<p><blockquote>Hearken not unto Hezekiah, when he <i>persuadeth</i> you.</blockquote> <i>2 Kings xviii. 32.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To convince by argument, or by reasons offered or suggested from reflection, etc.; to cause to believe.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Beloved, we are <i>persuaded</i> better things of you.</blockquote> <i>Heb. vi. 9.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To inculcate by argument or expostulation; to advise; to recommend.</def> <i>Jer. Taylor.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — To convince; induce; prevail on; win over; allure; entice. See <u>Convince</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Per*suade"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To use persuasion; to plead; to prevail by persuasion.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per*suade"</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Persuasion.</def> [Obs.] <i>Beau. & Fl.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per*suad"ed</hw>, <pos><i>p. p. & a.</i></pos> <def>Prevailed upon; influenced by argument or entreaty; convinced.</def> — <wf>Per*suad"ed*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Per*suad"ed*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Per*suad"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who, or that which, persuades or influences.</def> "Powerful <i>persuaders</i>." <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per*sua`si*bil"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Capability of being persuaded.</def> <i>Hawthorne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per*sua"si*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. L. <i>persuasibilis</i> persuasive, F. <i>persuasible</i> persuasible.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Capable of being persuaded; persuadable.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Persuasive.</def> [Obs.] <i>Bale.</i></p>

<p>— <wf>Per*sua"si*ble*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> — <wf>Per*sua"si*bly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Per*sua"sion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>persuasio</i>; Cf. F. <i>persuasion</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of persuading; the act of influencing the mind by arguments or reasons offered, or by anything that moves the mind or passions, or inclines the will to a determination.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>For thou hast all the arts of fine <i>persuasion</i>.</blockquote> <i>Otway.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The state of being persuaded or convinced; settled opinion or conviction, which has been induced.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>If the general <i>persuasion</i> of all men does so account it.</blockquote> <i>Hooker.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>My firm <i>persuasion</i> is, at least sometimes,<BR> That Heaven will weigh man's virtues and his crimes<BR> With nice attention.</blockquote> <i>Cowper.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A creed or belief; a sect or party adhering to a certain creed or system of opinions; as, of the same <i>persuasion</i>; all <i>persuasions</i> are agreed.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Of whatever state or <i>persuasion</i>, religious or political.</blockquote> <i>Jefferson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>The power or quality of persuading; persuasiveness.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Is 't possible that my deserts to you<BR> Can lack <i>persuasion</i>?</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>That which persuades; a persuasive.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — See <u>Conviction</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Per*sua"sive</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>persuasif</i>.] <def>Tending to persuade; having the power of persuading; as, <i>persuasive</i> eloquence.</def> "<i>Persuasive</i> words." <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per*sua"sive</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>That which persuades; an inducement; an incitement; an exhortation.</def> — <wf>Per*sua"sive*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Per*sua"sive*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Per*sua"so*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Persuasive.</def> <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per*sul"phate</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A sulphate of the peroxide of any base.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Per*sul"phide</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A sulphide containing more sulphur than some other compound of the same elements; as, iron pyrites is a <i>persulphide</i>; — formerly called <i>persulphuret</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per*sul`pho*cy"a*nate</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A salt of persulphocyanic acid.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Per*sul`pho*cy*an"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, a yellow crystalline substance (called also <i>perthiocyanic acid</i>), analogous to sulphocyanic acid, but containing more sulphur.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per*sul`pho*cy*an"o*gen</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>An orange-yellow substance, produced by the action of chlorine or boiling dilute nitric acid and sulphocyanate of potassium; — called also <i>pseudosulphocyanogen</i>, <i>perthiocyanogen</i>, and formerly <i>sulphocyanogen</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per*sul"phu*ret</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A persulphide.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Pert</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [An aphetic form of OE. & OF. <i>apert</i> open, known, true, free, or impudent. See <u>Apert</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Open; evident; apert.</def> [Obs.] <i>Piers Plowman.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Lively; brisk; sprightly; smart.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Indecorously free, or presuming; saucy; bold; impertinent.</def> "A very <i>pert</i> manner." <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The squirrel, flippant, <i>pert</i>, and full of play.</blockquote> <i>Cowper.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pert</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To behave with pertness.</def> [Obs.] <i>Gauden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per*tain"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Pertained</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Pertaining</u>.] [OE. <i>partenen</i>, OF. <i>partenir</i>, fr. L. <i>pertinere</i> to stretch out, reach, pertain; <i>per + tenere</i> to hold, keep. See <u>Per-</u>, and <u>Tenable</u>, and cf. <u>Appertain</u>, <u>Pertinent</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To belong; to have connection with, or dependence on, something, as an appurtenance, attribute, etc.; to appertain; as, saltness <i>pertains</i> to the ocean; flowers <i>pertain</i> to plant life.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Men hate those who affect that honor by ambition which <i>pertaineth</i> not to them.</blockquote> <i>Hayward.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To have relation or reference to something.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>These words <i>pertain</i> unto us at this time as they <i>pertained</i> to them at their time.</blockquote> <i>Latimer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per*ter`e*bra"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>perterebratus</i>, p. p. of <i>perterebrare</i> to bore through.] <def>The act of boring through.</def> [Obs.] <i>Ainsworth.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per*thi`o*cy*an"o*gen</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Persulphocyanogen</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Perth"ite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [So called from <i>Perth</i>, in canada.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>A kind of feldspar consisting of a laminated intertexture of albite and orthoclase, usually of different colors.</def> — <wf>Per*thit"ic</wf> (#), <pos><i>a.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Per`ti*na"cious</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos>[L. <i>pertinax</i>, <i>-acis</i>; <i>per + tenax</i> tenacious. See <u>Per-</u>, and <u>Tenacious</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Holding or adhering to any opinion, purpose, or design, with obstinacy; perversely persistent; obstinate; as, <i>pertinacious</i> plotters; a <i>pertinacious</i> beggar.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Resolute; persevering; constant; steady.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Diligence is a steady, constant, and <i>pertinacious</i> study.</blockquote> <i>South.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Obstinate; stubborn; inflexible; unyielding; resolute; determined; firm; constant; steady.</p>

<p>— <wf>Per`ti*na"cious*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Per`ti*na"cious*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Per`ti*nac"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>pertinacit&eacute;</i>.] <def>The quality or state of being pertinacious; obstinacy; perseverance; persistency.</def> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — See <u>Obstinacy</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Per"ti*na*cy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>pertinere</i> to pertain. See <u>Pertinence</u>.] <def>The quality or state of being pertinent; pertinence.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Per"ti*na*cy</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>pertinacia</i>, fr. <i>pertinax</i>. See <u>Pertinacious</u>.] <def>Pertinacity.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per"ti*nate</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pertinacious.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Per"ti*nate*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>Pertinaciously.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p>{ <hw>Per"ti*nence</hw> (?), <hw>Per"ti*nen*cy</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>pertinence</i>. See <u>Pertinent</u>.] <def>The quality or state of being pertinent; justness of relation to the subject or matter in hand; fitness; appositeness; relevancy; suitableness.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The fitness and <i>pertinency</i> of the apostle's discourse.</blockquote> <i>Bentley.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per"ti*nent</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>pertinens</i>, <i>-entis</i>, p. pr. of <i>pertinere</i>: cf. F. <i>pertinent</i>. See <u>Pertain</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Belonging or related to the subject or matter in hand; fit or appropriate in any way; adapted to the end proposed; apposite; material; relevant; as, <i>pertinent</i> illustrations or arguments; <i>pertinent</i> evidence.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Regarding; concerning; belonging; pertaining.</def> [R.] "<i>Pertinent</i> unto faith." <i>Hooker.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Apposite; relevant; suitable; appropriate; fit.</p>

<p> — <wf>Per"ti*nent*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Per"ti*nent*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Pert"ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a pert manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pert"ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality or state of being pert.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per*tran"sient</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>pertransiens</i>, p. pr. of <i>pertransire</i>.] <def>Passing through or over.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Per*turb"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [L. <i>perturbare</i>, <i>perturbatum</i>; <i>per + turbare</i> to disturb, fr. <i>turba</i> a disorder: cf. OF. <i>perturber</i>. See <u>Per-</u>, and <u>Turbid</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To disturb; to agitate; to vex; to trouble; to disquiet.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Ye that . . . <i>perturb</i> so my feast with crying.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To disorder; to confuse.</def> [R.] <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per*turb`a*bil"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality or state of being perturbable.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per*turb"a*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Liable to be perturbed or agitated; liable to be disturbed or disquieted.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per*turb"ance</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Disturbance; perturbation.</def> [R.] "<i>Perturbance</i> of the mind." <i>Sharp.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per"tur*bate</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [From L. <i>perturbatus</i>, p. p.] <def>To perturb.</def> [Obs.] <i>Dr. H. More.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per"tur*bate</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Perturbed; agitated.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Per`tur*ba"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>perturbatio</i>: cf. F. <i>perturbation</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of perturbing, or the state of being perturbed; esp., agitation of mind.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Astron.)</i> <def>A disturbance in the regular elliptic or other motion of a heavenly body, produced by some force additional to that which causes its regular motion; as, the <i>perturbations</i> of the planets are caused by their attraction on each other.</def> <i>Newcomb.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per`tur*ba"tion*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to perturbation, esp. to the perturbations of the planets.</def> "The <i>perturbational</i> theory." <i>Sir J. Herschel.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per"tur*ba*tive</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Tending to cause perturbation; disturbing.</def> <i>Sir J. Herschel.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per"tur*ba`tor</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A perturber.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Per*turbed"</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Agitated; disturbed; troubled.</def> <i>Shak.</i> — <wf>Per*turb"ed*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Per*turb"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who, or that which, perturbs, or cause perturbation.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per*tus"ate</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See <u>Pertuse</u>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Pierced at the apex.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Per*tuse"</hw> (?), <hw>Per*tused"</hw> (?) }, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>pertusus</i>, p. p. of <i>pertundere</i> to beat or thrust through, to bore through; <i>per + tundere</i> to beat: cf. F. <i>pertus</i>. Cf. <u>Pierce</u>.] <def>Punched; pierced with, or having, holes.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per*tu"sion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>pertusio</i>.] <def>The act of punching or piercing with a pointed instrument; as, <i>pertusion</i> of a vein.</def> [R.] <i>Arbuthnot.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A punched hole; a perforation.</def> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Per*tus"sis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. L. <i>per</i> through, very + <i>tussis</i> cough.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>The whooping cough.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per"uke</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>perruque</i>, It. <i>perrucca</i>, <i>parrucca</i>, fr. L. <i>pilus</i> hair. Cf. <u>Periwig</u>, <u>Wig</u>, <u>Peel</u> to strip off, <u>Plush</u>, <u>Pile</u> a hair.] <def>A wig; a periwig.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per"uke</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To dress with a peruke.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>||Per"u*la</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Perul&aelig;</b></plw> (#). [L., dim. of <i>pera</i> wallet, Gr. &?;: cf. F. <i>p&eacute;rule</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>One of the scales of a leaf bud.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A pouchlike portion of the perianth in certain orchides.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per"ule</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Perula</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pe*rus"al</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From <u>Peruse</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of carefully viewing or examining.</def> [R.] <i>Tatler.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The act of reading, especially of reading through or with care.</def> <i>Woodward.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pe*ruse"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Perused</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Perusing</u>.] [Pref. <i>per-</i> + <i>use</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To observe; to examine with care.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Myself I then <i>perused</i>, and limb by limb<BR> Surveyed.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To read through; to read carefully.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pe*rus"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who peruses.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pe*ru"vi*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>p&eacute;ruvien</i>, Sp. <i>peruviano</i>.] <def>Of or pertaining to Peru, in South America.</def> — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A native or an inhabitant of Peru.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Peruvian balsam</b></col>. <cd>See <i>Balsam of Peru</i>, under <u>Balsam</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Peruvian bark</b></col>, <cd>the bitter bark of trees of various species of Cinchona. It acts as a powerful tonic, and is a remedy for malarial diseases. This property is due to several alkaloids, as quinine, cinchonine, etc., and their compounds; — called also <i>Jesuit's bark</i>, and <i>cinchona</i>. See <u>Cinchona</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Per*vade"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Pervaded</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Pervading</u>.] [L. <i>pervadere</i>, <i>pervasum</i>; <i>per + vadere</i> to go, to walk. See <u>Per-</u>, and <u>Wade</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To pass or flow through, as an aperture, pore, or interstice; to permeate.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>That labyrinth is easily <i>pervaded</i>.</blockquote> <i>Blackstone.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To pass or spread through the whole extent of; to be diffused throughout.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A spirit of cabal, intrigue, and proselytism <i>pervaded</i> all their thoughts, words, and actions.</blockquote> <i>Burke.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per*va"sion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>pervasio</i>. See <u>Pervade</u>.] <def>The act of pervading, passing, or spreading through the whole extent of a thing.</def> <i>Boyle.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per*va"sive</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Tending to pervade, or having power to spread throughout; of a pervading quality.</def> "Civilization <i>pervasive</i> and general." <i>M. Arnold.</i></p>

<p><! p. 1072 !></p>

<p><hw>Per*verse"</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>perversus</i> turned the wrong way, not right, p. p. of <i>pervertere</i>to turn around, to overturn: cf. F. <i>pervers</i>. See <u>Pervert</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Turned aside; hence, specifically, turned away from the right; willfully erring; wicked; perverted.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The only righteous in a word <i>perverse</i>.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Obstinate in the wrong; stubborn; intractable; hence, wayward; vexing; contrary.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>To so <i>perverse</i> a sex all grace is vain.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Froward; untoward; wayward; stubborn; ungovernable; intractable; cross; petulant; vexatious. — <u>Perverse</u>, <u>Froward</u>. One who is <i>froward</i> is capricious, and reluctant to obey. One who is <i>perverse</i> has a settled obstinacy of will, and likes or dislikes by the rule of contradiction to the will of others.</p>

<p><hw>Per*versed"</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Turned aside.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Per*vers"ed*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>Perversely.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Per*verse"ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a perverse manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per*verse"ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality or state of being perverse.</def> "Virtue hath some <i>perverseness</i>." <i>Donne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per*ver"sion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>perversio</i>: cf. F. <i>perversion</i>. See <u>Pervert</u>.] <def>The act of perverting, or the state of being perverted; a turning from truth or right; a diverting from the true intent or object; a change to something worse; a turning or applying to a wrong end or use.</def> "Violations and <i>perversions</i> of the laws." <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per*ver"si*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>perversitas</i>: cf. F. <i>perversit&eacute;</i>.] <def>The quality or state of being perverse; perverseness.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per*ver"sive</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos><def>Tending to pervert.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per*vert"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Perverted</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Perverting</u>.] [F. <i>pervertir</i>, L. <i>pervertere</i>, <i>perversum</i>; <i>per + vertere</i> to turn. See <u>Per-</u>, and <u>Verse</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To turnanother way; to divert.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Let's follow him, and <i>pervert</i> the present wrath.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To turn from truth, rectitude, or propriety; to divert from a right use, end, or way; to lead astray; to corrupt; also, to misapply; to misinterpret designedly; as, to <i>pervert</i> one's words.</def> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>He, in the serpent, had <i>perverted</i> Eve.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per*vert"</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To become perverted; to take the wrong course.</def> [R.] <i>Testament of Love.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per"vert</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who has been perverted; one who has turned to error, especially in religion; — opposed to <i>convert</i>. See the Synonym of <u>Convert</u>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>That notorious <i>pervert</i>, Henry of Navarre.</blockquote> <i>Thackeray.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per*vert"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who perverts (a person or thing).</def> "His own parents his <i>perverters</i>." <i>South.</i> "A <i>perverter</i> of his law." <i>Bp. Stillingfleet.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per*vert"i*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Capable of being perverted.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per*ves"ti*gate</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [L. <i>pervestigatus</i>, p. p. of <i>pervestigare</i>.] <def>To investigate thoroughly.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Per*ves`ti*ga"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>pervestigatio</i>.] <def>Thorough investigation.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chillingworth.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per"vi*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See <u>Pervious</u>.] <def>Pervious.</def> [Obs.] — <wf>Per"vi*al*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> [Obs.] <i>Chapman.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per`vi*ca"cious</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>pervicax</i>, <i>-acis</i>.] <def>Obstinate; willful; refractory.</def> [Obs.] — <wf>Per`vi*ca"cious*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Per`vi*ca"cious*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Per`vi*cac"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Obstinacy; pervicaciousness.</def> [Obs.] <i>Bentley.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per"vi*ca*cy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>pervicacia</i>.] <def>Pervicacity.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Per*vig`i*la"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>pervigilatio</i>, fr. <i>pervigilare</i>.] <def>Careful watching.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Per"vi*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>pervis</i>; <i>per + via</i> a way. See <u>Per-</u>, and <u>Voyage</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Admitting passage; capable of being penetrated by another body or substance; permeable; as, a <i>pervious</i> soil.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>[Doors] . . . <i>pervious</i> to winds, and open every way.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Capable of being penetrated, or seen through, by physical or mental vision.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>God, whose secrets are <i>pervious</i> to no eye.</blockquote> <i>Jer. Taylor.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Capable of penetrating or pervading.</def> [Obs.] <i>Prior.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Open; — used synonymously with <i>perforate</i>, as applied to the nostrils or birds.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per"vi*ous*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality or state of being pervious; as, the <i>perviousness</i> of glass.</def> <i>Boyle.</i></p>

<p><hw>Per"vis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Parvis</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Per"y</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A pear tree. See <u>Pirie</u>.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>||Pes</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Pedes</b></plw> . [L., the foot.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>The distal segment of the hind limb of vertebrates, including the tarsus and foot.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pe*sade"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F.] <i>(Man.)</i> <def>The motion of a horse when, raising his fore quarters, he keeps his hind feet on the ground without advancing; rearing.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pes"age</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., fr. <i>peser</i> to weigh.] <def>A fee, or toll, paid for the weighing of merchandise.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pes"ane</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Anc. Armor.)</i> <def>See <u>Pusane</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pes"ant*ed</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [F. <i>pesant</i> heavy.] <def>Made heavy or dull; debased.</def> [Obs.] "<i>Pesanted</i> to each lewd thought's control." <i>Marston.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pe*schit"o</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Peshito</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pese</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Pea</u>.] <def>A pea.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Pe*se"ta</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Sp.] <def>A Spanish silver coin, and money of account, equal to about nineteen cents, and divided into 100 centesimos.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pe*shit"o</hw> (?), <hw>Pe*shit"to</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Syriac <i>pesh&icirc;t&acirc;</i> simple.] <def>The earliest Syriac version of the Old Testament, translated from Hebrew; also, the incomplete Syriac version of the New Testament.</def> [Written also <i>peschito</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Pes"ky</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Etymol. uncertain.] <def>Pestering; vexatious; troublesome. Used also as an intensive.</def> [Colloq. & Low, U.S.] <i>Judd.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Pe"so</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Sp.] <def>A Spanish dollar; also, an Argentine, Chilian, Colombian, etc., coin, equal to from 75 cents to a dollar; also, a pound weight.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pes"sa*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Pessaries</b></plw> (#). [L. <i>pessarium</i>, <i>pessum</i>, <i>pessus</i>, Gr. &?;: cf. F. <i>pessaire</i>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>An instrument or device to be introduced into and worn in the vagina, to support the uterus, or remedy a malposition.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A medicinal substance in the form of a bolus or mass, designed for introduction into the vagina; a vaginal suppository.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pes"si*mism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>pessimus</i> worst, superl. of <i>pejor</i> worse: cf. F. <i>pessimisme</i>. Cf. <u>Impair</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Metaph.)</i> <def>The opinion or doctrine that everything in nature is ordered for or tends to the worst, or that the world is wholly evil; — opposed to <i>optimism</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A disposition to take the least hopeful view of things.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pes"si*mist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>pessimus</i> worst: cf. F. <i>pessimiste</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Metaph.)</i> <def>One who advocates the doctrine of pessimism; — opposed to <i>optimist</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>One who looks on the dark side of things.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pes"si*mist</hw> (?), <hw>Pes`si*mis"tic</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Metaph.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to pessimism; characterized by pessimism; gloomy; foreboding.</def> "Giving utterance to <i>pessimistic</i> doubt." <i>Encyc. Brit.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pes`si*mis"tic*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pessimistic.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pes"si*mize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To hold or advocate the doctrine of pessimism.</def> <i>London Sat. Rev.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Pes"su*lus</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Pessuli</b></plw> (#). [L., a bolt.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>A delicate bar of cartilage connecting the dorsal and ventral extremities of the first pair of bronchial cartilages in the syrinx of birds.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pest</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>pestis</i>: cf. F. <i>peste</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A fatal epidemic disease; a pestilence; specif., the plague.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>England's sufferings by that scourge, the <i>pest</i>.</blockquote> <i>Cowper.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Anything which resembles a pest; one who, or that which, is troublesome, noxious, mischievous, or destructive; a nuisance.</def> "A <i>pest</i> and public enemy." <i>South.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pes`ta*loz"zi*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Belonging to, or characteristic of, a system of elementary education which combined manual training with other instruction, advocated and practiced by Jean Henri <i>Pestalozzi</i> (1746-1827), a Swiss teacher.</def> — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>An advocate or follower of the system of Pestalozzi.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pes`ta*loz"zi*an*ism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The system of education introduced by Pestalozzi.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pes"ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Pestered</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Pestering</u>.] [Abbrev. fr. <i>impester</i>, fr. OF. <i>empaistrier</i>, <i>empestrer</i>, to entangle the feet or legs, to embarrass, F. <i>emp</i>&ecirc;<i>trer</i>; pref. <i>em-</i>, <i>en- </i> (L. <i>in</i> in) + LL. <i>pastorium</i>, <i>pastoria</i>, a fetter by which horses are prevented from wandering in the pastures, fr. L. <i>pastorius</i> belonging to a herdsman or shepherd, <i>pastor</i> a herdsman. See <u>In</u>, and <u>Pasture</u>, <u>Pastor</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To trouble; to disturb; to annoy; to harass with petty vexations.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>We are <i>pestered</i> with mice and rats.</blockquote> <i>Dr. H. More.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>A multitude of scribblers daily <i>pester</i> the world.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To crowd together in an annoying way; to overcrowd; to infest.</def> [Obs.] <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>All rivers and pools . . . <i>pestered</i> full with fishes.</blockquote> <i>Holland.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pes"ter*er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who pesters or harasses.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pes"ter*ment</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The act of pestering, or the state of being pestered; vexation; worry.</def> "The trouble and <i>pesterment</i> of children." <i>B. Franklin.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pes"ter*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos><def>Inclined to pester. Also, vexatious; encumbering; burdensome.</def> [Obs.] <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pest"ful</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pestiferous.</def> "After long and <i>pestful</i> calms." <i>Coleridge.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pest`house"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A house or hospital for persons who are infected with any pestilential disease.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pes"ti*duct</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>pestis</i> pest + <i>ductus</i> a leading, fr. <i>ducere</i> to lead.] <def>That which conveys contagion or infection.</def> [Obs.] <i>Donne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pes*tif"er*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>pestiferus</i>, <i>pestifer</i>; <i>pestis</i> pest + <i>ferre</i> to bear: cf. F. <i>pestif&egrave;re</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Pest-bearing; pestilential; noxious to health; malignant; infectious; contagious; as, <i>pestiferous</i> bodies.</def> "Poor, <i>pestiferous</i> creatures begging alms." <i>Evelyn.</i> "Unwholesome and <i>pestiferous</i> occupations." <i>Burke.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Noxious to peace, to morals, or to society; vicious; hurtful; destructive; as, a <i>pestiferous</i> demagogue.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Pestiferous</i> reports of men very nobly held.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pes*tif"er*ous*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a pestiferuos manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pes"ti*lence</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>pestilence</i>, L. <i>pestilentia</i>. See <u>Pestilent</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Specifically, the disease known as the plague; hence, any contagious or infectious epidemic disease that is virulent and devastating.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>pestilence</i> That walketh in darkness.</blockquote> <i>Ps. xci. 6.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Fig.: That which is pestilent, noxious, or pernicious to the moral character of great numbers.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I'll pour this <i>pestilence</i> into his ear.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Pestilence weed</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>the butterbur coltsfoot (<i>Petasites vulgaris</i>), so called because formerly considered a remedy for the plague.</cd> <i>Dr. Prior.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pes"ti*lent</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>pestilens</i>, <i>-entis</i>, fr. <i>pestis</i> pest: cf. F. <i>pestilent</i>.] <def>Pestilential; noxious; pernicious; mischievous.</def> "Corrupt and <i>pestilent</i>." <i>Milton.</i> "What a <i>pestilent</i> knave is this same!" <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pes`ti*len"tial</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>pestilentiel</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Having the nature or qualities of a pestilence.</def> "Sends the <i>pestilential</i> vapors." <i>Longfellow.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Hence: Mischievous; noxious; pernicious; morally destructive.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>So <i>pestilential</i>, so infectious a thing is sin.</blockquote> <i>Jer. Taylor.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pes`ti*len"tial*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>Pestilently.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pes`ti*len"tious</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pestilential.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Pes"ti*lent*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a pestilent manner; mischievously; destructively.</def> "Above all measure <i>pestilently</i> noisome." <i>Dr. H. More.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pes"ti*lent*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality of being pestilent.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pes`til*la"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [LL. <i>pestillum</i>, L. <i>pistillum</i>. See <u>Pestle</u>.] <def>The act of pounding and bruising with a pestle in a mortar.</def> <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pes"tle</hw> (p&ebreve;s"'l; 277), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>pestel</i>, OF. <i>pestel</i>, LL. <i>pestellum</i>, L. <i>pistillum</i>, <i>pistillus</i>, a pounder, pestle, fr. <i>pisere</i>, <i>pinsere</i>, to pound, crush, akin to Gr. &?;, Skr. <i>pish</i>. Cf. <u>Pistil</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>An implement for pounding and breaking or braying substances in a mortar.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A constable's or bailiff's staff; — so called from its shape.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chapman.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>The leg and leg bone of an animal, especially of a pig; as, a <i>pestle</i> of pork.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pes"tle</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t. & i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Pestled</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Pestling</u> (?).] <def>To pound, pulverize, bray, or mix with a pestle, or as with a pestle; to use a pestle.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pet</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Formerly <i>peat</i>, perhaps from Ir. <i>peat</i>, akin to Gael. <i>peata</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A cade lamb; a lamb brought up by hand.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Any person or animal especially cherished and indulged; a fondling; a darling; often, a favorite child.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The love of cronies, <i>pets</i>, and favorites.</blockquote> <i>Tatler.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> [Prob. fr. <u>Pet</u> a fondling, hence, the behavior or humor of a spoiled child.] <def>A slight fit of peevishness or fretfulness.</def> "In a <i>pet</i> she started up." <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pet</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Petted; indulged; admired; cherished; as, a <i>pet</i> child; a <i>pet</i> lamb; a <i>pet</i> theory.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Some young lady's <i>pet</i> curate.</blockquote> <i>F. Harrison.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Pet cock</b></col>. [Perh. for <i>petty cock</i>.] <i>(Mach.)</i> <cd>A little faucet in a water pipe or pump, to let air out, or at the end of a steam cylinder, to drain it.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pet</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Petted</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Petting</u>.] <def>To treat as a pet; to fondle; to indulge; as, she was <i>petted</i> and spoiled.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pet</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To be a pet.</def> <i>Feltham.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pet"al</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; a leaf, a leaf or plate of metal, fr. &?; outspread, broad, flat: cf. F. <i>p&eacute;tale</i>. See <u>Fathom</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>One of the leaves of the corolla, or the colored leaves of a flower. See <u>Corolla</u>, and <i>Illust.</i> of <u>Flower</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of the expanded ambulacra which form a rosette on the black of certain Echini.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pet"aled</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Having petals; as, a <i>petaled</i> flower; — opposed to <i>apetalous</i>, and much used in compounds; as, one-<i>petaled</i>, three-<i>petaled</i>, etc.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pet`al*if"er*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Petal</i> + <i>-ferous</i>.] <def>Bearing petals.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pe*tal"i*form</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Having the form of a petal; petaloid; petal-shaped.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pet"al*ine</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>p&eacute;talin</i>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Pertaining to a petal; attached to, or resembling, a petal.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pet"al*ism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; a leaf: cf. F. <i>p&eacute;talisme</i>.] <i>(Gr. Antiq.)</i> <def>A form of sentence among the ancient Syracusans by which they banished for five years a citizen suspected of having dangerous influence or ambition. It was similar to the <i>ostracism</i> in Athens; but olive leaves were used instead of shells for ballots.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pet"al*ite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>p&eacute;talite</i>.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>A rare mineral, occurring crystallized and in cleavable masses, usually white, or nearly so, in color. It is a silicate of aluminia and lithia.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pe*tal"o*dy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Petal</i> + Gr. &?; form.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The metamorphosis of various floral organs, usually stamens, into petals.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pet"al*oid</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Petal</i> + <i>- oid</i>: cf. F. <i>p&eacute;talo&iuml;de</i>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Petaline.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pet`al*oid"e*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Having the whole or part of the perianth petaline.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Petaloideous division</b></col>, <cd>that division of endogenous plants in which the perianth is wholly or partly petaline, embracing the <i>Liliace&aelig;</i>, <i>Orchidace&aelig;</i>, <i>Amaryllide&aelig;</i>, etc.</cd></p>

<p><hw>||Pet`a*los"ti*cha</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., from Gr. &?; a leaf + &?; a row.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>An order of Echini, including the irregular sea urchins, as the spatangoids. See <u>Spatangoid</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pet"al*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having petals; petaled; — opposed to <i>apetalous</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pet"a*lum</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Petala</b></plw> (#). [NL.] <def>A petal.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pe*tar"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Petard</u>.</def> [Obs.] "Hoist with his own <i>petar</i>." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pe*tard"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>p&eacute;tard</i>, fr. <i>p&eacute;ter</i> to break wind, to crack, to explode, L. <i>pedere</i>, <i>peditum</i>.] <i>(Mil.)</i> <def>A case containing powder to be exploded, esp. a conical or cylindrical case of metal filled with powder and attached to a plank, to be exploded against and break down gates, barricades, drawbridges, etc. It has been superseded.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pet`ar*deer"</hw>, <hw>Pet`ar*dier"</hw> } (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>p&eacute;tardier</i>.] <i>(Mil.)</i> <def>One who managed a petard.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pet"a*sus</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., from Gr. &?;.] <i>(Gr. & Rom. Antiq.)</i> <def>The winged cap of Mercury; also, a broad-brimmed, low-crowned hat worn by Greeks and Romans.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pe*tau"rist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>petaurista</i> a ropedancer, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to dance on a rope, fr. &?; a pole, a stage for ropedancers: cf. F. <i>p&eacute;tauriste</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any flying marsupial of the genera <i>Petaurus</i>, <i>Phalangista</i>, <i>Acrobata</i>, and allied genera. See <i>Flying mouse</i>, under <u>Flying</u>, and <u>Phalangister</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pe*tech"i*&aelig;</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos>; sing. <singw><b>Petechia</b></singw> (&?;). [NL., fr. LL. <i>peteccia</i>; cf. F. <i>p&eacute;t&eacute;chie</i>, It. <i>petecchia</i>, Sp. <i>petequia</i>, Gr. &?; a label, plaster.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Small crimson, purple, or livid spots, like flea-bites, due to extravasation of blood, which appear on the skin in malignant fevers, etc.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pe*tech"i*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>p&eacute;t&eacute;chial</i>, LL. <i>petecchialis</i>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Characterized by, or pertaining to, petechi&aelig;; spotted.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Petechial fever</b></col>, <cd>a malignant fever, accompanied with livid spots on the skin.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pe"ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A common baptismal name for a man. The name of one of the apostles,</def></p>

<p><col><b>Peter boat</b></col>, <cd>a fishing boat, sharp at both ends, originally of the Baltic Sea, but now common in certain English rivers.</cd> — <col><b>Peter Funk</b></col>, <cd>the auctioneer in a mock auction.</cd> [Cant, U.S.] — <col><b>Peter pence</b></col>, or <col><b>Peter's pence</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>An annual tax or tribute, formerly paid by the English people to the pope, being a penny for every house, payable on Lammas or St.Peter's day; — called also <i>Rome scot</i>, and <i>hearth money</i>.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>In modern times, a voluntary contribution made by Roman Catholics to the private purse of the pope.</cd> — <col><b>Peter's fish</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a haddock; — so called because the black spots, one on each side, behind the gills, are traditionally said to have been caused by the fingers of St. Peter, when he caught the fish to pay the tribute. The name is applied, also, to other fishes having similar spots.</cd></p>

<p><! p. 1073 !></p>

<p><hw>Pet"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Petered</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Petering</u>.] [Etymol. uncertain.] <def>To become exhausted; to run out; to fail; — used generally with <i>out</i>; as, that mine has <i>petered</i> out.</def> [Slang, U.S.]</p>

<p><hw>Pet"er*el</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>See <u>Petrel</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pet`e*re"ro</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Mil.)</i> <def>See <u>Pederero</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pe"ter*man</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Petermen</b></plw> (&?;). <def>A fisherman; — so called after the apostle Peter.</def> [An obs. local term in Eng.] <i>Chapman.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pe"ter*sham</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Named after Lord <i>Petersham</i>.] <def>A rough, knotted woolen cloth, used chiefly for men's overcoats; also, a coat of that material.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pe"ter*wort`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>See <i>Saint Peter's-wort</i>, under <u>Saint</u>.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pet"i*o*lar</hw> (?), <hw>Pet"i*o*la*ry</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>p&eacute;tiolarie</i>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to petiole, or proceeding from it; as, a <i>petiolar</i> tendril; growing or supported upon a petiole; as, a <i>petiolar</i> gland; a <i>petiolar</i> bud.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pet"i*o*late</hw> (?), <hw>Pet"i*o*la`ted</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Bot. & Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Having a stalk or petiole; as, a <i>petioleate</i> leaf; the <i>petiolated</i> abdomen of certain Hymenoptera.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pet"i*ole</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>p&eacute;tiole</i>, fr. L. <i>petiolus</i> a little foot, a fruit stalk; cf. <i>pes</i>, <i>pedis</i>, a foot.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A leafstalk; the footstalk of a leaf, connecting the blade with the stem. See <i>Illust.</i> of <u>Leaf</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A stalk or peduncle.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pet"i*oled</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Petiolate.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pet`i*ol"u*late</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Supported by its own petiolule.</def> <i>Gray.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pet"i*o*lule</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>p&eacute;tiolule</i>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A small petiole, or the petiole of a leaflet.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pet"it</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [F. See <u>Petty</u>.] <def>Small; little; insignificant; mean; — Same as <u>Petty</u>.</def> [Obs., except in legal language.]</p>

<p><blockquote>By what small, <i>petit</i> hints does the mind catch hold of and recover a vanishing notion.</blockquote> <i>South.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Petit constable</b></col>, <cd>an inferior civil officer, subordinate to the high constable.</cd> — <col><b>Petit jury</b></col>, <cd>a jury of twelve men, impaneled to try causes at the bar of a court; — so called in distinction from the <i>grand jury</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Petit larceny</b></col>, <cd>the stealing of goods of, or under, a certain specified small value; — opposed to <i>grand larceny</i>. The distinction is abolished in England.</cd> — <col><b>Petit ma&icirc;tre</b></col> (&?;). [F., lit., little master.] <cd>A fop; a coxcomb; a ladies' man.</cd> <i>Goldsmith.</i> — <col><b>Petit serjeanty</b></col> <i>(Eng. Law)</i>, <cd>the tenure of lands of the crown, by the service of rendering annually some implement of war, as a bow, an arrow, a sword, a flag, etc.</cd> — <col><b>Petit treason</b></col>, <cd>formerly, in England, the crime of killing a person to whom the offender owed duty or subjection, as one's husband, master, mistress, etc. The crime is now not distinguished from murder.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pe*ti"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>p&eacute;tition</i>, L. <i>petitio</i>, fr. <i>petere</i>, <i>petitum</i>, to beg, ask, seek; perh. akin to E. <i>feather</i>, or <i>find</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A prayer; a supplication; an imploration; an entreaty; especially, a request of a solemn or formal kind; a prayer to the Supreme Being, or to a person of superior power, rank, or authority; also, a single clause in such a prayer.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A house of prayer and <i>petition</i> for thy people.</blockquote> <i>1 Macc. vii. 37.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>This last <i>petition</i> heard of all her prayer.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A formal written request addressed to an official person, or to an organized body, having power to grant it; specifically <i>(Law)</i>, a supplication to government, in either of its branches, for the granting of a particular grace or right; — in distinction from a <i>memorial</i>, which calls certain facts to mind; also, the written document.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Petition of right</b></col> <i>(Law)</i>, <cd>a petition to obtain possession or restitution of property, either real or personal, from the Crown, which suggests such a title as controverts the title of the Crown, grounded on facts disclosed in the petition itself.</cd> <i>Mozley & W.</i> — <col><b>The Petition of Right</b></col> <i>(Eng. Hist.)</i>, <cd>the parliamentary declaration of the rights of the people, assented to by Charles I.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pe*ti"tion</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Petitioned</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Petitioning</u>.] <def>To make a prayer or request to; to ask from; to solicit; to entreat; especially, to make a formal written supplication, or application to, as to any branch of the government; as, to <i>petition</i> the court; to <i>petition</i> the governor.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>You have . . . <i>petitioned</i> all the gods for my prosperity.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pe*ti"tion</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To make a petition or solicitation.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pe*ti"tion*a*ri*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>By way of begging the question; by an assumption.</def> [R.] <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pe*ti"tion*a*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Supplicatory; making a petition.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Pardon Rome, and any <i>petitionary</i> countrymen.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Containing a petition; of the nature of a petition; as, a <i>petitionary</i> epistle.</def> <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pe*ti`tion*ee"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A person cited to answer, or defend against, a petition.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pe*ti"tion*er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who presents a petition.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pe*ti"tion*ing</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The act of presenting apetition; a supplication.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pet"i*tor</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., fr. <i>petere</i> to seek.] <def>One who seeks or asks; a seeker; an applicant.</def> [R.] <i>Fuller.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pet"i*to*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>petitorius</i>, fr. <i>petere</i>, <i>petitum</i>, to beg, ask: cf. F. <i>p&eacute;titore</i>.] <def>Petitioning; soliciting; supplicating.</def> <i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Petitory suit</b></col> or <col><b>action</b></col> <i>(Admiralty Law)</i>, <cd>a suit in which the mere title to property is litigated and sought to be enforced, as distinguished from a <i>possessory</i> suit; also <i>(Scots Law)</i>, a suit wherein the plaintiff claims something as due him by the defendant.</cd> <i>Burrill.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pe*tong"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Metal.)</i> <def>See <u>Packfong</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pe*tral"o*gy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Petrology</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pet"ra*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>petra</i> stone. Cf. Sp. <i>petraria</i>, and E. <u>Pederero</u>.] <def>An ancient war engine for hurling stones.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pe"tre</hw> (p&emacr;"t&etilde;r), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Saltpeter</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pe*tre"an</hw> (p&esl;*tr&emacr;"<i>a</i>n), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>petraeus</i>, Gr. <grk>petrai^os</grk>, fr. <grk>pe`tra</grk> a rock.] <def>Of or pertaining to rock.</def> <i>G. S. Faber.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pe"trel</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>p&eacute;trel</i>; a dim. of the name <i>Peter</i>, L. <i>Petrus</i>, Gr. &?; a stone (<i>John i. 42</i>); — probably so called in allusion to St. <i>Peter's</i> walking on the sea. See <u>Petrify</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any one of numerous species of longwinged sea birds belonging to the family <i>Procellarid&aelig;</i>. The small petrels, or Mother Carey's chickens, belong to <i>Oceanites</i>, <i>Oceanodroma</i>, <i>Procellaria</i>, and several allied genera.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Diving petrel</b></col>, <cd>any bird of the genus <i>Pelecanoides</i>. They chiefly inhabit the southern hemisphere.</cd> — <col><b>Fulmar petrel</b></col>, <col><b>Giant petrel</b></col>. <cd>See <u>Fulmar</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Pintado petrel</b></col>, <cd>the Cape pigeon. See under <u>Cape</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Pintado petrel</b></col>, <cd>any one of several small petrels, especially <i>Procellaria pelagica</i>, or Mother Carey's chicken, common on both sides of the Atlantic.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pe*tres"cence</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The process of changing into stone; petrification.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pe*tres"cent</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>petra</i> rock, stone, Gr. &?;.] <def>Petrifying; converting into stone; as, <i>petrescent</i> water.</def> <i>Boyle.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pet`ri*fac"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Petrify</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The process of petrifying, or changing into stone; conversion of any organic matter (animal or vegetable) into stone, or a substance of stony hardness.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The state or condition of being petrified.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>That which is petrified; popularly, a body incrusted with stony matter; an incrustation.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Fig.: Hardness; callousness; obduracy.</def> "<i>Petrifaction</i> of the soul." <i>Cudworth.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pet`ri*fac"tive</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Having the quality of converting organic matter into stone; petrifying.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Pertaining to, or characterized by, petrifaction.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The . . . <i>petrifactive</i> mutations of hard bodies.</blockquote> <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pe*trif"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>p&eacute;trifique</i>.] <def>Petrifying; petrifactive.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Death with his mace <i>petrific</i>, cold and dry.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pet"ri*fi*cate</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To petrify.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Our hearts <i>petrificated</i> were.</blockquote> <i>J. Hall (1646).</i></p>

<p><hw>Pet`ri*fi*ca"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>p&eacute;trification</i>. See <u>Petrify</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>See <u>Petrifaction</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Fig.: Obduracy; callousness.</def> <i>Hallywell.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pet"ri*fy</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Petrified</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Petrifying</u> (?).] [L. <i>petra</i> rock, Gr. &?; (akin to &?; a stone) + <i>-fy</i>: cf. F. <i>p&eacute;trifier</i>. Cf. <u>Parrot</u>, <u>Petrel</u>, <u>Pier</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To convert, as any animal or vegetable matter, into stone or stony substance.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A river that <i>petrifies</i> any sort of wood or leaves.</blockquote> <i>Kirwan.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To make callous or obdurate; to stupefy; to paralyze; to transform; as by petrifaction; as, to <i>petrify</i> the heart. <i>Young</i>.</def> "<i>Petrifying</i> accuracy." <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>And <i>petrify</i> a genius to a dunce.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The poor, <i>petrified</i> journeyman, quite unconscious of what he was doing.</blockquote> <i>De Quincey.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>A hideous fatalism, which ought, logically, to <i>petrify</i> your volition.</blockquote> <i>G. Eliot.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pet"ri*fy</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To become stone, or of a stony hardness, as organic matter by calcareous deposits.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Fig.: To become stony, callous, or obdurate.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Like Niobe we marble grow,<BR> And <i>petrify</i> with grief.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pe"trine</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to St.Peter; as, the <i>Petrine</i> Epistles.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pet"ro-</hw> (?). <def>A combining form from Gr. &?; a <i>rock</i>, &?; a <i>stone</i>; as, <i>petro</i>logy, <i>petro</i>glyphic.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pe*trog"a*le</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a rock + &?; a weasel.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any Australian kangaroo of the genus <i>Petrogale</i>, as the rock wallaby (<i>P. penicillata</i>).</def></p>

<p><hw>Pet`ro*glyph"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to petroglyphy.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pe*trog"ly*phy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Petro</i> + Gr. &?; to carve.] <def>The art or operation of carving figures or inscriptions on rock or stone.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pet`ro*graph"ic</hw> (?), <hw>Pet`ro*graph"ic*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pertaining to petrography.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pe*trog"ra*phy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Petro</i> + <i>-graphy</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The art of writing on stone.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The scientific description of rocks; that department of science which investigates the constitution of rocks; petrology.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pet`ro*hy"oid</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Petro</i> + <i>hyoid</i>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Pertaining to petrous, oe periotic, portion of the skull and the hyoid arch; as, the <i>petrohyoid</i> muscles of the frog.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pe*trol"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Petroleum.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Pet`ro*la"tum</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem. & Pharm.)</i> <def>A semisolid unctuous substance, neutral, and without taste or odor, derived from petroleum by distilling off the lighter portions and purifying the residue. It is a yellowish, fatlike mass, transparent in thin layers, and somewhat fluorescent. It is used as a bland protective dressing, and as a substitute for fatty materials in ointments.</def> <i>U. S. Pharm.</i></p>

<p>&fist; <i>Petrolatum</i> is the official name for the purified product. <i>Cosmoline</i> and <i>vaseline</i> are commercial names for substances essentially the same, but differing slightly in appearance and consistency or fusibility.</p>

<p><hw>Pe*tro"le*um</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. L. <i>petra</i> a rock + <i>oleum</i> oil: cf. F. <i>p&eacute;trole</i>. Cf. <u>Petrify</u>, and <u>Oil</u>.] <def>Rock oil, mineral oil, or natural oil, a dark brown or greenish inflammable liquid, which, at certain points, exists in the upper strata of the earth, from whence it is pumped, or forced by pressure of the gas attending it. It consists of a complex mixture of various hydrocarbons, largely of the methane series, but may vary much in appearance, composition, and properties. It is refined by distillation, and the products include kerosene, benzine, gasoline, paraffin, etc.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Petroleum spirit</b></col>, <cd>a volatile liquid obtained in the distillation of crude petroleum at a temperature of 170&deg; Fahr., or below. The term is rather loosely applied to a considerable range of products, including benzine and ligroin. The terms <i>petroleum ether</i>, and <i>naphtha</i>, are sometimes applied to the still more volatile products, including rhigolene, gasoline, cymogene, etc.</cd></p>

<p>{ <hw>||P&eacute;`tro`leur"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. m.</i></pos> <hw>||P&eacute;`tro`leuse"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. f.</i></pos> }[F.] <def>One who makes use of petroleum for incendiary purposes.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pet"ro*line</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A paraffin obtained from petroleum from Rangoon in India, and practically identical with ordinary paraffin.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pet`ro*log"ic</hw> (?), <hw>Pet`ro*log"ic*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to petrology.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pet`ro*log"ic*al*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>According to petrology.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pe*trol"o*gist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who is versed in petrology.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pe*trol"o*gy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Petro</i> + <i>-logy</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The department of science which is concerned with the mineralogical and chemical composition of rocks, and with their classification: lithology.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A treatise on petrology.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pet`ro*mas"toid</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Petro</i> + <i>mastoid</i>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to the petrous and mastoid parts of the temporal bone, periotic.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pet`ro*my"zont</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Petro</i> + Gr. &?; to suck in.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A lamprey.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pet`ro*nel</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>petrinal</i>, fr. <i>peitrine</i>, <i>petrine</i>, the breast, F. <i>poitrine</i>; so called because it was placed against the breast in order to fire. See <u>Poitrel</u>.] <def>A sort of hand cannon, or portable firearm, used in France in the 15th century.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pe*tro"sal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See <u>Petrous</u>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>Hard; stony; petrous; as, the <i>petrosal</i> bone; <i>petrosal</i> part of the temporal bone.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>Of, pertaining to, or in the region of, the petrous, or petrosal, bone, or the corresponding part of the temporal bone.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Petrosal bone</b></col> <i>(Anat.)</i>, <cd>a bone corresponding to the petrous portion of the temporal bone of man; or one forming more or less of the periotic capsule.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pe*tro"sal</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Anat.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A petrosal bone.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The auditory capsule.</def> <i>Owen.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pet`ro*si"lex</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Petro</i> + <i>silex</i>.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>Felsite.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pet`ro*si*li"cious</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Containing, or consisting of, petrosilex.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pet`ro*ste"a*rine</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Petro</i> + <i>stearine</i>.] <def>A solid unctuous material, of which candles are made.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pe"trous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>petrosus</i>, fr. <i>petra</i> a stone.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Like stone; hard; stony; rocky; as, the <i>petrous</i> part of the temporal bone.</def> <i>Hooper.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Petrosal</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pet"ti*chaps</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>See <u>Pettychaps</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pet"ti*coat</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> [<i>Petty</i> + <i>coat</i>.] <def>A loose under-garment worn by women, and covering the body below the waist.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Petticoat government</b></col>, <cd>government by women, whether in politics or domestic affairs.</cd> [Colloq.] — <col><b>Petticoat pipe</b></col> <i>(Locomotives)</i>, <cd>a short, flaring pipe surrounding the blast nozzle in the smoke box, to equalize the draft.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pet"ti*fog</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Pettifogged</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Pettifogging</u> (?).] [<i>Petty</i> + <i>fog</i> to pettifog.] <def>To do a petty business as a lawyer; also, to do law business in a petty or tricky way.</def> "He takes no money, but <i>pettifogs</i> gratis." <i>S. Butler.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pet"ti*fog</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To advocate like a pettifogger; to argue trickily; as, to <i>pettifog</i> a claim.</def> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><hw>Pet"ti*fog`ger</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A lawyer who deals in petty cases; an attorney whose methods are mean and tricky; an inferior lawyer.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A <i>pettifogger</i> was lord chancellor.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pet"ti*fog`ger*y</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> - <plw><b>ies</b></plw> (&?;). <def>The practice or arts of a pettifogger; disreputable tricks; quibbles.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Quirks of law, and <i>pettifoggeries</i>.</blockquote> <i>Barrow.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pet"ti*fog`ging</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Paltry; quibbling; mean.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pet"ti*fog`ging</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Pettifoggery.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pet`ti*fog"u*lize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To act as a pettifogger; to use contemptible tricks.</def> <i>De Quincey.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pet"ti*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a petty manner; frivolously.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pet"ti*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality or state of being petty or paltry; littleness; meanness.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pet"tish</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [From <u>Pet</u>.] <def>Fretful; peevish; moody; capricious; inclined to ill temper.</def> "A <i>pettish</i> kind of humor." <i>Sterne.</i> — <wf>Pet"tish*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Pet"tish*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Pet"ti*toes</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [<i>Petty</i> + <i>toes</i>.] <def>The toes or feet of a pig, — often used as food; sometimes, in contempt, the human feet.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Pet"to</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [It., fr. L. <i>pectus</i>.] <def>The breast.</def></p>

<p><col><b>In petto</b></col>, <cd>in the breast; hence, in secrecy; in reserve.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pet"ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<pos><i>Compar.</i></pos> <u>Pettier</u> (?); <pos><i>superl.</i></pos> <u>Pettiest</u>.] [OE. <i>petit</i>, F. <i>petit</i>; probably of Celtic origin, and akin to E. <i>piece</i>. Cf. <u>Petit</u>.] <def>Little; trifling; inconsiderable; also, inferior; subordinate; as, a <i>petty</i> fault; a <i>petty</i> prince.</def> <i>Denham.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Like a <i>petty</i> god<BR> I walked about, admired of all.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Petty averages</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Average</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Petty cash</b></col>, <cd>money expended or received in small items or amounts.</cd> — <col><b>Petty officer</b></col>, <cd>a subofficer in the navy, as a gunner, etc., corresponding to a noncommissionned officer in the army.</cd></p>

<p>&fist; For <i>petty constable</i>, <i>petty jury</i>, <i>petty larceny</i>, <i>petty treason</i>, See <u>Petit</u>.</p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Little; diminutive; inconsiderable; inferior; trifling; trivial; unimportant; frivolous.</p>

<p><! p. 1074 !></p>

<p><hw>Pet"ty*chaps</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any one of several species of small European singing birds of the subfamily <i>Sylviin&aelig;</i>, as the willow warbler, the chiff- chaff, and the golden warbler (<i>Sylvia hortensis</i>).</def></p>

<p><hw>Pet"ty*whin</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Petty</i> + <i>whin</i>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The needle furze. See under <u>Needle</u>.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pet"u*lance</hw> (?), <hw>Pet"u*lan*cy</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>petulania</i>: cf. F. <i>p&eacute;tulance</i>. See <u>Petulant</u>.] <def>The quality or state of being petulant; temporary peevishness; pettishness; capricious ill humor.</def> "The <i>petulancy</i> of our words." <i>B. Jonson.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Like pride in some, and like <i>petulance</i> in others.</blockquote> <i>Clarendon.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The lowering eye, the <i>petulance</i>, the frown.</blockquote> <i>Cowper.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — <u>Petulance</u>, <u>Peevishness</u>. — <i>Peevishness</i> implies the permanence of a sour, fretful temper; <i>petulance</i> implies temporary or capricious irritation.</p>

<p><hw>Pet"u*lant</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>petulans</i>, <i>-antis</i>, prop., making slight attacks upon, from a lost dim. of <i>petere</i> to fall upon, to attack: cf. F. <i>p&eacute;tulant</i>. See <u>Petition</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Forward; pert; insolent; wanton.</def> [Obs.] <i>Burton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Capriciously fretful; characterized by ill- natured freakishness; irritable.</def> "<i>Petulant</i> moods." <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Irritable; ill-humored; peevish; cross; fretful; querulous.</p>

<p><hw>Pet"u*lant*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a petulant manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pe*tul"ci*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Petulcous</u>.] <def>Wantonness; friskiness.</def> [Obs.] <i>Bp. Hall.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pe*tul"cous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>petulcus</i>. Cf. <u>Petulant</u>.] <def>Wanton; frisky; lustful.</def> [Obs.] <i>J. V. Cane.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pe*tu"ni*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Braz. <i>petun</i> tobacco.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A genus of solanaceous herbs with funnelform or salver-shaped corollas. Two species are common in cultivation, <i>Petunia violacera</i>, with reddish purple flowers, and <i>P. nyctaginiflora</i>, with white flowers. There are also many hybrid forms with variegated corollas.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pe*tunse"</hw>, <hw>Pe*tuntse"</hw>, <hw>Pe*tuntze"</hw> } (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From Chinese.] <def>Powdered fledspar, kaolin, or quartz, used in the manufacture of porcelain.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pet"worth mar"ble</hw> (?). <def>A kind of shell marble occurring in the Wealden clay at Petworth, in Sussex, England; — called also <i>Sussex marble</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Petz"ite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From <i>Petz</i>, who analyzed it.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>A telluride of silver and gold, related to hessite.</def></p>

<p><hw>Peu*ced"a*nin</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A tasteless white crystalline substance, extracted from the roots of the sulphurwort (<i>Peucedanum</i>), masterwort (<i>Imperatoria</i>), and other related plants; — called also <i>imperatorin</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Peu"cil</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; pine tree.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A liquid resembling camphene, obtained by treating turpentine hydrochloride with lime.</def> [Written also <i>peucyl</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Pew</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>pewe</i>, OF. <i>puie</i> parapet, balustrade, balcony, fr. L. <i>podium</i> an elevated place, a jutty, balcony, a parapet or balcony in the circus, where the emperor and other distinguished persons sat, Gr. &?;, dim. of &?;, &?;, foot; — hence the Latin sense of a raised place (orig. as a rest or support for the foot). See <u>Foot</u>, and cf. <u>Podium</u>, <u>Poy</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One of the compartments in a church which are separated by low partitions, and have long seats upon which several persons may sit; — sometimes called <i>slip</i>. Pews were originally made square, but are now usually long and narrow.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Any structure shaped like a church pew, as a stall, formerly used by money lenders, etc.; a box in theater; a pen; a sheepfold.</def> [Obs.] <i>Pepys. Milton.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Pew opener</b></col>, <cd>an usher in a church.</cd> [Eng.] <i>Dickens.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pew</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To furnish with pews.</def> [R.] <i>Ash.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pe"wee</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [So called from its note.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A common American tyrant flycatcher (<i>Sayornis ph&oelig;be</i>, or <i>S. fuscus</i>). Called also <i>pewit</i>, and <i>ph&oelig;be</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The woodcock.</def> [Local, U.S.]</p>

<p><col><b>Wood pewee</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a bird (<i>Contopus virens</i>) similar to the pewee (See <u>Pewee</u>, 1), but of smaller size.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pe"wet</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Pewit</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pew"fel`low</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who occupies the same pew with another.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>An intimate associate; a companion.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pe"wit</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Prob. of imitative origin; cf. OD. <i>piewit</i>, D. <i>kievit</i>, G. <i>kibitz</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The lapwing.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The European black-headed, or laughing, gull (<i>Xema ridibundus</i>). See under <u>Laughing</u>.</def> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <def>The pewee.</def> [Written also <i>peevit</i>, <i>peewit</i>, <i>pewet</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Pew"ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>pewtyr</i>, OF. <i>peutre</i>, <i>peautre</i>, <i>piautre</i>: cf. D. <i>peauter</i>, <i>piauter</i>, It. <i>peltro</i>, Sp. & Pg. <i>peltre</i>, LL. <i>peutreum</i>, <i>pestrum</i>. Cf. <u>Spelter</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A hard, tough, but easily fusible, alloy, originally consisting of tin with a little lead, but afterwards modified by the addition of copper, antimony, or bismuth.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Utensils or vessels made of pewter, as dishes, porringers, drinking vessels, tankards, pots.</def></p>

<p>&fist; <i>Pewter</i> was formerly much used for domestic utensils. Inferior sorts contain a large proportion of lead.</p>

<p><hw>Pew"ter*er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One whose occupation is to make utensils of pewter; a pewtersmith.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pew"ter*y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Belonging to, or resembling, pewter; as, a <i>pewtery</i> taste.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pex"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>pexitas</i>, fr. <i>pexus</i> woolly, nappy, p. p. of <i>pectere</i> to comb.] <def>Nap of cloth.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Pey"er's glands`</hw> (?). [So called from J. K. <i>Peyer</i>, who described them in 1677.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Patches of lymphoid nodules, in the walls of the small intestiness; agminated glands; — called also <i>Peyer's patches</i>. In typhoid fever they become the seat of ulcers which are regarded as the characteristic organic lesion of that disease.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pey"trel</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>peitral</i>. See <u>Poitrel</u>.] <i>(Anc. Armor)</i> <def>The breastplate of a horse's armor or harness. [Spelt also <i>peitrel</i>.] See <u>Poitrel</u>.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Pe*zi"za</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., corrupt. from L. <i>pezica</i> a sessile mushroom, fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?;, &?;, a foot.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A genus of fungi embracing a great number of species, some of which are remarkable for their regular cuplike form and deep colors.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pez"i*zoid</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Peziza</i> + <i>- oid</i>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Resembling a fungus of the genus Peziza; having a cuplike form.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pfen"nig</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Pfennigs</b></plw> (#), G. <plw><b>Pfennige</b></plw> (#). [G. See <u>Penny</u>.] <def>A small copper coin of Germany. It is the hundredth part of a mark, or about a quarter of a cent in United States currency.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pha*cel"lus</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Phacelli</b></plw> (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a bundle of fagots.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of the filaments on the inner surface of the gastric cavity of certain jellyfishes.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phac"o*chere</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; a lentil seed, a wart + &?; a pig.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The wart hog.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pha"coid</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; a lentil + <i>-oid</i>.] <def>Resembling a lentil; lenticular.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phac"o*lite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; lentil + <i>-lite</i>.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>A colorless variety of chabazite; the original was from Leipa, in Bohemia.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pha"cops</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a lentil + &?;, &?;, the eye.] <i>(Paleon.)</i> <def>A genus of trilobites found in the Silurian and Devonian formations. <i>Phacops bufo</i> is one of the most common species.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ph&aelig;*a"cian</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to the Ph&aelig;acians, a fabulous seafaring people fond of the feast, the lyre, and the dance, mentioned by Homer.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ph&aelig;"no*gam</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Any plant of the class Ph&aelig;nogamia.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Ph&aelig;`no*ga"mi*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr. &?; to show + &?; marriage.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The class of flowering plants including all which have true flowers with distinct floral organs; phanerogamia.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Ph&aelig;`no*ga"mi*an</hw> (?), <hw>Ph&aelig;`no*gam"ic</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Ph&aelig;nogamous</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ph&aelig;*nog"a*mous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Having true flowers with with distinct floral organs; flowering.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ph&aelig;*nom"e*non</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L.] <def>See <u>Phenomenon</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ph&aelig;"o*spore</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; dusky + E. <i>spore</i>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A brownish zo&ouml;spore, characteristic of an order (<i>Ph&aelig;ospore&aelig;</i>) of dark green or olive-colored alg&aelig;.</def> — <wf>Ph&aelig;`o*spor"ic</wf> (#), <pos><i>a.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Pha"&euml;*thon</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., Pha&euml;thon (in sense 1), fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?;, &?;, to shine. See <u>Phantom</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Class. Myth.)</i> <def>The son of Helios (Ph&oelig;bus), that is, the son of light, or of the sun. He is fabled to have obtained permission to drive the chariot of the sun, in doing which his want of skill would have set the world on fire, had he not been struck with a thunderbolt by Jupiter, and hurled headlong into the river Po.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A genus of oceanic birds including the tropic birds.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pha"&euml;*ton</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>pha&eacute;ton</i> a kind of carriage, fr. <i>Pha&eacute;thon</i> Pha&euml;thon, the son of Helios. See <u>Pha&euml;thon</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A four-wheeled carriage (with or without a top), open, or having no side pieces, in front of the seat. It is drawn by one or two horses.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>See <u>Pha&euml;thon</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A handsome American butterfly (<i>Euphydryas, or Melit&aelig;a, Pha&euml;ton</i>). The upper side of the wings is black, with orange-red spots and marginal crescents, and several rows of cream-colored spots; — called also <i>Baltimore</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phag`e*de"na</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>phagedaena</i>, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to eat.] <i>(Med.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A canine appetite; bulimia.</def> [Obs.] <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>Spreading, obstinate ulceration.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Phag`e*den"ic</hw> (?), <hw>Phag`e*den"ic*AL</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>phagedaenicus</i>, Gr. &?;: cf. F. <i>phag&eacute;d&eacute;nique</i>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Of, like, or pertaining to, phagedena; used in the treatment of phagedena; as, a <i>phagedenic</i> ulcer or medicine.</def> — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A phagedenic medicine.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phag`e*de"nous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Phagedenic.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phag"o*cyte</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; to eat + &?; a hollow vessel.] <i>(Physiol.)</i> <def>A leucocyte which plays a part in retrogressive processes by taking up (eating), in the form of fine granules, the parts to be removed.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pha*i`no*pep"la</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?; shining + &?; robe.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A small crested passerine bird (<i>Pha&iuml;nopepla nitens</i>), native of Mexico and the Southern United States. The adult male is of a uniform glossy blue-black; the female is brownish. Called also <i>black flycatcher</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phak"o*scope</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; a lentil, or lenticular body + <i>-scope</i>.] <i>(Physiol.)</i> <def>An instrument for studying the mechanism of accommodation.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pha*l&aelig;"na</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, &?;, a kind od moth.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A linn&aelig;an genus which included the moths in general.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pha*l&aelig;"nid</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;, &?;, a kind od moth.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any moth of the family <i>Phal&aelig;nid&aelig;</i>, of which the cankerworms are examples; a geometrid.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pha*lan"ge*al</hw> (?), <hw>Pha*lan"gal</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to the phalanges. See <u>Phalanx</u>, 2.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pha*lan"ger</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>phalanger</i>. See <u>Phalanx</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any marsupial belonging to <i>Phalangista</i>, <i>Cuscus</i>, <i>Petaurus</i>, and other genera of the family <i>Phalangistid&aelig;</i>. They are arboreal, and the species of <i>Petaurus</i> are furnished with lateral parachutes. See <i>Flying phalanger</i>, under <u>Flying</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pha*lan"ges</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, <def><i>pl.</i> of <u>Phalanx</u>.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pha*lan"gi*al</hw> (?), <hw>Pha*lan"gi*an</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Phalangeal.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pha*lan"gid</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Phalangides</b></plw> (&?;). <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of the Phalangoidea.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pha*lan"gi*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>phalangium</i> a kind of venomous spider, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; a spider. Cf. <u>Phalanx</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to Phalangoidea.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pha*lan"gist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any arboreal marsupial of the genus <i>Phalangista</i>. The vulpine phalangist (<i>P. vulpina</i>) is the largest species, the full grown male being about two and a half feet long. It has a large bushy tail.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Phal`an*gis"ter</hw> (?), <hw>Phal`an*gis"tine</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Phalangist</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phal"an*gite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;: cf. F. <i>phalangite</i>.] <def>A soldier belonging to a phalanx.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>||Phal`an*goi"de*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., from <i>Phalangium</i> the daddy longlegs (see <u>Phalangious</u>) + Gr. &?; form.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A division of Arachnoidea, including the daddy longlegs or harvestman (<i>Phalangium</i>) and many similar kinds. They have long, slender, many-jointed legs; usually a rounded, segmented abdomen; and chelate jaws. They breathe by trache&aelig;. Called also <i>Phalangides</i>, <i>Phalangidea</i>, <i>Phalangiida</i>, and <i>Opilionea</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pha`lan`st&eacute;re"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F.] <def>A phalanstery.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phal`an*ste"ri*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [F. <i>phalanst&eacute;rien</i>, a. & n.] <def>Of or pertaining to phalansterianism.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phal`an*ste"ri*an</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who favors the system of phalansteries proposed by Fourier.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pha*lan"ster*ism</hw> (?), <hw>Phal`an*ste"ri*an*ism</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A system of phalansteries proposed by Fourier; Fourierism.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phal"an*ster*y</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>-ies</b></plw> (#). [F. <i>phalanst&egrave;re</i>, fr. Gr. &?; a phalanx + &?; firm, solid.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>An association or community organized on the plan of Fourier. See <u>Fourierism</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The dwelling house of a Fourierite community.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pha"lanx</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Phalanxes</b></plw> (#), L. <plw><b>Phalanges</b></plw> (#). [L., from Gr. &?;.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Gr. Antiq.)</i> <def>A body of heavy-armed infantry formed in ranks and files close and deep. There were several different arrangements, the phalanx varying in depth from four to twenty-five or more ranks of men.</def> "In cubic <i>phalanx</i> firm advanced." <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The Grecian <i>phalanx</i>, moveless as a tower.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Any body of troops or men formed in close array, or any combination of people distinguished for firmness and solidity of a union.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>At present they formed a united <i>phalanx</i>.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The sheep recumbent, and the sheep that grazed,<BR> All huddling into <i>phalanx</i>, stood and gazed.</blockquote> <i>Cowper.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A Fourierite community; a phalanstery.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>One of the digital bones of the hand or foot, beyond the metacarpus or metatarsus; an internode.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> [<i>pl</i>. <u>Phalanges</u>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A group or bundle of stamens, as in polyadelphous flowers.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phal"a*rope</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; having a patch of white + &?;, &?;, a foot: cf. F. <i>phalarope</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any species of <i>Phalaropus</i> and allied genera of small wading birds (<i>Grall&aelig;</i>), having lobate toes. They are often seen far from land, swimming in large flocks. Called also <i>sea goose</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phal"lic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;.] <def>Of or pertaining to the phallus, or to phallism.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phal"li*cism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Phallism</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phal"lism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The worship of the generative principle in nature, symbolized by the phallus.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phal"lus</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Phalli</b></plw> (&?;). [L., a phallus (in sense 1), Gr. &?;.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The emblem of the generative power in nature, carried in procession in the Bacchic orgies, or worshiped in various ways.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>The penis or clitoris, or the embryonic or primitive organ from which either may be derived.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A genus of fungi which have a fetid and disgusting odor; the stinkhorn.</def></p>

<p><! p. 1075 !></p>

<p><hw>Phane</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Fane</u>.</def> [Obs.] <i>Joye.</i></p>

<p><hw>Phan"er*ite</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; visible, from &?; to bring to light.] <def>Evident; visible.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Phanerite series</b></col> <i>(Geol.)</i>, <cd>the uppermost part of the earth's crust, consisting of deposits produced by causes in obvious operation.</cd></p>

<p><hw>||Phan`er*o*car"p&aelig;</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., from Gr. &?; evident + &?; fruit (but taken to mean, ovary).] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Acraspeda</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phan`er*o*co*don"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; evident + &?; a bell.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Having an umbrella- shaped or bell-shaped body, with a wide, open cavity beneath; — said of certain jellyfishes.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phan`er*o*crys"tal*line</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; visible + E. <i>crystalline</i>.] <i>(Geol.)</i> <def>Distinctly crystalline; — used of rocks. Opposed to <i>cryptocrystalline</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Phan`er*o*dac"ty*la</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?; evident + &?; finger.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Saurur&aelig;</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Phan`er*o*ga"mi*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?; visible (fr. &?; to bring to light) + &?; marriage.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>That one of the two primary divisions of the vegetable kingdom which contains the phanerogamic, or flowering, plants.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phan`er*o*ga"mi*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Phanerogamous.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Phan`er*o*gam"ic</hw> (?), <hw>Phan`er*og"a*mous</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having visible flowers containing distinct stamens and pistils; — said of plants.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phan`er*o*glos"sal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; evident + &?; tongue.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i><def>Having a conspicious tongue; — said of certain reptiles and insects.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phan"ta*scope</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; image + <i>-scope</i>.] <def>An optical instrument or toy, resembling the phenakistoscope, and illustrating the same principle; — called also <i>phantasmascope</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phan"tasm</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>phantasma</i>. See <u>Phantom</u>, and cf. <u>Fantasm</u>.] [Spelt also <i>fantasm</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>An image formed by the mind, and supposed to be real or material; a shadowy or airy appearance; sometimes, an optical illusion; a phantom; a dream.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>They be but <i>phantasms</i> or apparitions.</blockquote> <i>Sir W. Raleigh.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A mental image or representation of a real object; a fancy; a notion.</def> <i>Cudworth.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Figures or little features, of which the description had produced in you no <i>phantasm</i> or expectation.</blockquote> <i>Jer. Taylor.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Phan"tas"ma</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L.] <def>A phantasm.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phan*tas`ma*go"ri*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., from Gr. &?; a phantasm + &?; an assembly, fr. &?; to gather: cf. F. <i>phantasmagorie</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>An optical effect produced by a magic lantern. The figures are painted in transparent colors, and all the rest of the glass is opaque black. The screen is between the spectators and the instrument, and the figures are often made to appear as in motion, or to merge into one another.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The apparatus by which such an effect is produced.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Fig.: A medley of figures; illusive images.</def> "This mental <i>phantasmagoria</i>." <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><hw>Phan*tas`ma*go"ri*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of, relating to, or resembling phantasmagoria; phantasmagoric.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phan*tas`ma*gor"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to phantasmagoria; phantasmagorial.</def> <i>Hawthorne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Phan*tas"ma*go*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Phantasmagoria</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phan*tas"mal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pertaining to, of the nature of, or resembling, a phantasm; spectral; illusive.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phan*tas"ma*scope</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Phantascope</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phan`tas*mat"ic*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>phantasmaticus</i>.] <def>Phantasmal.</def> <i>Dr. H. More.</i></p>

<p><hw>Phan*tas`ma*tog"ra*phy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;, &?;, phantasm + <i>-graphy</i>.] <def>A description of celestial phenomena, as rainbows, etc.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Phan*tas"tic</hw> (?), <hw>Phan*tas"tic*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Fantastic</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phan"ta*sy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Fantasy</u>, and <u>Fancy</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phan"tom</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>fantome</i>, <i>fantosme</i>, <i>fantesme</i>, OF. <i>fant&ocirc;me</i>, fr. L. <i>phantasma</i>, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to show. See <u>Fancy</u>, and cf. <u>Pha&euml;ton</u>, <u>Phantasm</u>, <u>Phase</u>.] <def>That which has only an apparent existence; an apparition; a specter; a phantasm; a sprite; an airy spirit; an ideal image.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Strange <i>phantoms</i> rising as the mists arise.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>She was a <i>phantom</i> of delight.</blockquote> <i>Wordsworth.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Phantom ship</b></col>. <cd>See <i>Flying Dutchman</i>, under <u>Flying</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Phantom tumor</b></col> <i>(Med.)</i>, <cd>a swelling, especially of the abdomen, due to muscular spasm, accumulation of flatus, etc., simulating an actual tumor in appearance, but disappearing upon the administration of an an&aelig;sthetic.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Phan`tom*at"ic</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Phantasmal.</def> [R.] <i>Coleridge.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pha"raoh</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Heb. <i>par&omacr;h</i>; of Egyptian origin: cf. L. <i>pharao</i>, Gr. &?;. Cf. <u>Faro</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A title by which the sovereigns of ancient Egypt were designated.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>See <u>Faro</u>.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Pharaoh's chicken</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the gier-eagle, or Egyptian vulture; — so called because often sculpured on Egyptian monuments. It is nearly white in color.</cd> — <col><b>Pharaoh's rat</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the common ichneumon.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pha"ra*on</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Pharaoh</u>, 2.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phar`a*on"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>pharaonique</i>.] <def>Of or pertaining to the Pharaohs, or kings of ancient Egypt.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phare</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Pharos</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A beacon tower; a lighthouse.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Hence, a harbor.</def> <i>Howell.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Phar`i*sa"ic</hw> (f&abreve;r`&ibreve;*s&amacr;"&ibreve;k), <hw>Phar`i*sa"ic*al</hw> (-&ibreve;*k<i>a</i>l), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>Pharisaicus</i>, Gr. <grk>Farisai:ko`s</grk>: cf. F. <i>pharisa&iuml;que</i>. See <u>Pharisee</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Of or pertaining to the Pharisees; resembling the Pharisees.</def> "The <i>Pharisaic</i> sect among the Jews." <i>Cudworth.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> Hence: <def>Addicted to external forms and ceremonies; making a show of religion without the spirit of it; ceremonial; formal; hypocritical; self-righteous.</def> "Excess of outward and <i>pharisaical</i> holiness." <i>Bacon.</i> "<i>Pharisaical</i> ostentation." <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p>— <wf>Phar`i*sa"ic*al*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Phar`i*sa"ic*al*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Phar`i*sa"ism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>pharisaisme</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The notions, doctrines, and conduct of the Pharisees, as a sect.</def> <i>Sharp.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Rigid observance of external forms of religion, without genuine piety; hypocrisy in religion; a censorious, self-righteous spirit in matters of morals or manners.</def> "A piece of <i>pharisaism</i>." <i>Hammond.</i></p>

<p><hw>Phar`i*se"an</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>Pharisaeus</i>, Gr. <grk>Farisai^os</grk>.] <def>Following the practice of Pharisees; Pharisaic.</def> [Obs.] "<i>Pharisean</i> disciples." <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Phar"i*see</hw> (f&abreve;r"&ibreve;*s&emacr;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>Pharisaeus</i>, Gr. <grk>Farisai^os</grk>, from Heb. <i>p&amacr;rash</i> to separate.] <def>One of a sect or party among the Jews, noted for a strict and formal observance of rites and ceremonies and of the traditions of the elders, and whose pretensions to superior sanctity led them to separate themselves from the other Jews.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phar"i*see*ism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Pharisaism</u>.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Phar`ma*ceu"tic</hw> (f&auml;r`m&adot;*s&umacr;"t&ibreve;k), <hw>Phar`ma*ceu"tic*al</hw> (-t&ibreve;*k<i>a</i>l), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>pharmaceuticus</i>, Gr. <grk>farmakeytiko`s</grk>, fr. <grk>farmakey`ein</grk>: cf. F. <i>pharmaceutique</i>. See <u>Pharmacy</u>.] <def>Of or pertaining to the knowledge or art of pharmacy, or to the art of preparing medicines according to the rules or formulas of pharmacy; as, <i>pharmaceutical</i> preparations.</def> — <wf>Phar`ma*ceu"tic*al*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><col><b>Pharmaceutical chemistry</b></col>, <cd>that department of chemistry which ascertains or regulates the composition of medicinal substances.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Phar`ma*ceu"tics</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The science of preparing medicines.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phar`ma*ceu"tist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One skilled in pharmacy; a druggist. See the Note under <u>Apothecary</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phar"ma*cist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One skilled in pharmacy; a pharmaceutist; a druggist.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phar`ma*co*dy*nam"ics</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>fa`rmakon</grk> medicine + E. <i>dynamics</i>.] <def>That branch of pharmacology which considers the mode of action, and the effects, of medicines.</def> <i>Dunglison.</i></p>

<p><hw>Phar`ma*cog*no"sis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>fa`rmakon</grk> a drug + <grk>gnw^sis</grk> a knowing.] <def>That branch of pharmacology which treats of unprepared medicines or simples; — called also <i>pharmacography</i>, and <i>pharmacomathy</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phar`ma*cog"no*sy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Pharmacognosis.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phar`ma*cog"ra*phy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>fa`rmakon</grk> a drug + <i>-graphy</i>.] <def>See <u>Pharmacognosis</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phar*mac"o*lite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>fa`rmakon</grk> drug, poisonous drug + <i>-lite</i>: cf. F. <i>pharmacolithe</i>.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>A hydrous arsenate of lime, usually occurring in silky fibers of a white or grayish color.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phar`ma*col"o*gist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>pharmacologiste</i>.] <def>One skilled in pharmacology.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phar`ma*col"o*gy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>fa`rmakon</grk> drug + <i>-logy</i>: cf. F. <i>pharmacologie</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Knowledge of drugs or medicines; the art of preparing medicines.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A treatise on the art of preparing medicines.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phar`ma*com"a*thy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>fa`rmakon</grk> a drug + <grk>manqa`nein</grk> to learn.] <def>See <u>Pharmacognosis</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phar"ma*con</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. <grk>fa`rmakon</grk>.] <def>A medicine or drug; also, a poison.</def> <i>Dunglison.</i></p>

<p><hw>Phar`ma*co*p&oelig;"ia</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., from Gr. <grk>farmakopoii:`a</grk> the preparation of medicines; <grk>fa`rmakon</grk> medicine + <grk>poiei^n</grk> to make.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A book or treatise describing the drugs, preparations, etc., used in medicine; especially, one that is issued by official authority and considered as an authoritative standard.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A chemical laboratory.</def> [Obs.] <i>Dunglison.</i></p>

<p><hw>Phar`ma*cop"o*list</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>pharmacopola</i>, Gr. <grk>farmakopw`lhs</grk>; <grk>fa`rmakon</grk> medicine + <grk>pwlei^n</grk> to sell.] <def>One who sells medicines; an apothecary.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phar`ma*co*sid"er*ite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; drug, poison + E. <i>siderite</i>.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>A hydrous arsenate of iron occurring in green or yellowish green cubic crystals; cube ore.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phar"ma*cy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>fermacie</i>, OF. <i>farmacie</i>, <i>pharmacie</i>, F. <i>pharmacie</i>, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to administer or use medicines, fr. &?; medicine.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The art or practice of preparing and preserving drugs, and of compounding and dispensing medicines according to prescriptions of physicians; the occupation of an apothecary or a pharmaceutical chemist.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A place where medicines are compounded; a drug store; an apothecary's shop.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pha"ro</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A pharos; a lighthouse.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>See <u>Faro</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pha*rol"o*gy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; a lighthouse + <i>-logy</i>.] <def>The art or science which treats of lighthouses and signal lights.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pha"ros</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; an island in the Bay of Alexandria, where king Ptolemy Philadelphus built a famous lighthouse.] <def>A lighthouse or beacon for the guidance of seamen.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He . . . built a <i>pharos</i>, or lighthouse.</blockquote> <i>Arbuthnot.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pha*ryn"gal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pharyngeal.</def> <i>H. Sweet.</i></p>

<p><hw>Phar`yn*ge"al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See <u>Pharynx</u>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to the pharynx; in the region of the pharynx.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phar`yn*ge"al</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>A pharyngeal bone or cartilage; especially, one of the <i>lower pharyngeals</i>, which belong to the rudimentary fifth branchial arch in many fishes, or one of the <i>upper pharyngeals</i>, or pharyngobranchials, which are the dorsal elements in the complete branchial arches.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Phar`yn*gi"tis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Pharynx</u>, and <u>-itis</u>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Inflammation of the pharynx.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pha*ryn`go*bran"chi*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Pharynx</i> + <i>branchial</i>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to the pharynx and the branchi&aelig;; — applied especially to the dorsal elements in the branchial arches of fishes. See <u>Pharyngeal</u>.</def> — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A pharyngobranchial, or upper pharyngeal, bone or cartilage.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pha*ryn`go*bran"chi*i</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Pharynx</u>, and <u>Branchia</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Leptocardia</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Phar`yn*gog"na*thi</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Pharynx</u>, and <u>Gnathic</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A division of fishes in which the lower pharyngeal bones are united. It includes the scaroid, labroid, and embioticoid fishes.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pha*ryn`go*lar`yn*ge"al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Pharynx</i> + <i>laryngeal</i>.] <def>Of or pertaining both to pharynx and the larynx.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pha*ryn`gop*neus"ta</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?; the pharynx + &?; to breathe.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A group of invertebrates including the Tunicata and Enteropneusta.</def> — <wf>Pha*ryn`gop*neus"tal</wf> (#), <pos><i>a.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Pha*ryn"go*tome</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Surg.)</i> <def>An instrument for incising or scarifying the tonsils, etc.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phar`yn*got"o*my</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Pharynx</i> + <i>Gr</i>. <i>&?; to cut</i>: cf. F. <i>pharyngotomie</i>.] <i>(Surg.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The operation of making an incision into the pharynx, to remove a tumor or anything that obstructs the passage.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>Scarification or incision of the tonsils.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phar"ynx</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>pharynges</b></plw> (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, &?;: cf. F. <i>pharynx</i>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>The part of the alimentary canal between the cavity of the mouth and the esophagus. It has one or two external openings through the nose in the higher vertebrates, and lateral branchial openings in fishes and some amphibias.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phas"co*lome</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; pouch + &?; mouse.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A marsupial of the genus <i>Phascolomys</i>; a wombat.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phase</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Phases</b></plw> (#). [NL. <i>phasis</i>, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to make to appear: cf. F. <i>phase</i>. See <u>Phenomenon</u>, <u>Phantom</u>, and <u>Emphasis</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>That which is exhibited to the eye; the appearance which anything manifests, especially any one among different and varying appearances of the same object.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Any appearance or aspect of an object of mental apprehension or view; as, the problem has many <i>phases</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Astron.)</i> <def>A particular appearance or state in a regularly recurring cycle of changes with respect to quantity of illumination or form of enlightened disk; as, the <i>phases</i> of the moon or planets. See <i>Illust.</i> under <u>Moon</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Physics)</i> <def>Any one point or portion in a recurring series of changes, as in the changes of motion of one of the particles constituting a wave or vibration; one portion of a series of such changes, in distinction from a contrasted portion, as the portion on one side of a position of equilibrium, in contrast with that on the opposite side.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pha"sel</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>phaselus</i>, <i>phaseolus</i>, Gr. &?;, &?;: cf. F. <i>phas&eacute;ole</i>, <i>fas&eacute;ole</i>. Cf. <u>Fesels</u>.] <def>The French bean, or kidney bean.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phase"less</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Without a phase, or visible form.</def> [R.] "A <i>phaseless</i> and increasing gloom." <i>Poe.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Pha*se"o*lus</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A genus of leguminous plants, including the Lima bean, the kidney bean, the scarlet runner, etc. See <u>Bean</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pha`se*o*man"nite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [So called because found in the unripe fruit of the bean (<i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i>).] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Inosite</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pha"sis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Phases</b></plw> (#). [NL.] <def>See <u>Phase</u>.</def> <i>Creech.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Phasm</hw> (?), <hw>Phas"ma</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>phasma</i>, Gr. &?;. See <u>Phase</u>.] <def>An apparition; a phantom; an appearance.</def> [R.] <i>Hammond. Sir T. Herbert.</i></p>

<p><hw>Phas"mid</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Phasm</u>. Probably so called from its mimicking, or appearing like, inanimate objects.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any orthopterous insect of the family <i>Phasmid&aelig;</i>, as a leaf insect or a stick insect.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phas"sa*chate</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; the wood pigeon + &?; the agate.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>The lead-colored agate; — so called in reference to its color.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phat"a*gin</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. Gr. &?;; perhaps from native name.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The long-tailed pangolin (<i>Manis tetradactyla</i>); — called also <i>ipi</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pheas"ant</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>fesant</i>, <i>fesaunt</i>, OF. <i>faisant</i>, <i>faisan</i>, F. <i>faisan</i>, L. <i>phasianus</i>, Gr. &?; (sc. &?;) the Phasian bird, pheasant, fr. &?; a river in Colchis or Pontus.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any one of numerous species of large gallinaceous birds of the genus <i>Phasianus</i>, and many other genera of the family <i>Phasianid&aelig;</i>, found chiefly in Asia.</def></p>

<p> &fist; The <col><b>common, or English,</b></col> <col><b>pheasant</b></col> (<i>Phasianus Colchicus</i>) is now found over most of temperate Europe, but was introduced from Asia. The <col><b>ring-necked pheasant</b></col> (<i>P. torquatus</i>) and the <col><b>green pheasant</b></col> (<i>P. versicolor</i>) have been introduced into Oregon. The <col><b>golden pheasant</b></col> (<i>Thaumalea picta</i>) is one of the most beautiful species. The <col><b>silver pheasant</b></col> (<i>Euplocamus nychthemerus</i>) of China, and several related species from Southern Asia, are very beautiful.</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The ruffed grouse.</def> [Southern U.S.]</p>

<p>&fist; Various other birds are locally called <i>pheasants</i>, as the lyre bird, the leipoa, etc.</p>

<p><col><b>Fireback pheasant</b></col>. <cd>See <u>Fireback</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Gold</b></col>, or <col><b>Golden</b></col>, <col><b>pheasant</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a Chinese pheasant (<i>Thaumalea picta</i>), having rich, varied colors. The crest is amber-colored, the rump is golden yellow, and the under parts are scarlet.</cd> — <col><b>Mountain pheasant</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the ruffed grouse.</cd> [Local, U.S.] — <col><b>Pheasant coucal</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a large Australian cuckoo (<i>Centropus phasianus</i>). The general color is black, with chestnut wings and brown tail. Called also <i>pheasant cuckoo</i>. The name is also applied to other allied species.</cd> — <col><b>Pheasant duck</b></col>. <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>The pintail</cd>. <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>The hooded merganser.</cd> — <col><b>Pheasant parrot</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a large and beautiful Australian parrakeet (<i>Platycercus Adelaidensis</i>). The male has the back black, the feathers margined with yellowish blue and scarlet, the quills deep blue, the wing coverts and cheeks light blue, the crown, sides of the neck, breast, and middle of the belly scarlet.</cd> — <col><b>Pheasant's eye</b></col>. <i>(Bot.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>A red-flowered herb (<i>Adonis autumnalis</i>) of the Crowfoot family; — called also <i>pheasant's-eye Adonis</i>.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>The garden pink (<i>Dianthus plumarius</i>); - - called also <i>Pheasant's-eye pink</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Pheasant shell</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>any marine univalve shell of the genus <i>Phasianella</i>, of which numerous species are found in tropical seas. The shell is smooth and usually richly colored, the colors often forming blotches like those of a pheasant.</cd> — <col><b>Pheasant wood</b></col>. <i>(Bot.)</i> <cd>Same as <i>Partridge wood</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd>, under <u>Partridge</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Sea pheasant</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the pintail.</cd> — <col><b>Water pheasant</b></col>. <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>The sheldrake</cd>. <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>The hooded merganser.</cd></p>

<p><! p. 1076 !></p>

<p><hw>Pheas"ant*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>faisanderie</i>.] <def>A place for keeping and rearing pheasants.</def> <i>Gwilt.</i></p>

<p><hw>Phe"be</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>See <u>Ph&oelig;be</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pheer</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See 1st <u>Fere</u>.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pheese</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To comb; also, to beat; to worry.</def> [Obs. or Local] See <u>Feaze</u>, <pos><i>v.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Pheese</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Fretful excitement.</def> [Obs. or Local] See <u>Feaze</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Phel"lo*derm</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; cork + <i>-derm</i>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A layer of green parenchimatous cells formed on the inner side of the phellogen.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phel"lo*gen</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; cork + <i>- gen</i>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The tissue of young cells which produces cork cells.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phel`lo*plas"tics</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; cork + &?; to mold.] <def>Art of modeling in cork.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phen"a*cite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;, &?;, impostor, deceiver.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>A glassy colorless mineral occurring in rhombohedral crystals, sometimes used as a gem. It is a silicate of glucina, and receives its name from its deceptive similarity to quartz.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phen`a*kis"to*scope</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; a deceiver + <i>-scope</i>.] <def>A revolving disk on which figures drawn in different relative attitudes are seen successively, so as to produce the appearance of an object in actual motion, as an animal leaping, etc., in consequence of the persistence of the successive visual impressions of the retina. It is often arranged so that the figures may be projected upon a screen.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phe*nan"threne</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Phen</i>yl + <i>antr</i>ac<i>ene</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A complex hydrocarbon, C<sub>14</sub>H<sub>10</sub>, found in coal tar, and obtained as a white crystalline substance with a bluish fluorescence.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phe*nan"thri*dine</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Phenanthr</i>ene + pyr<i>idine</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A nitrogenous hydrocarbon base, C<sub>13</sub>H<sub>9</sub>N, analogous to phenanthrene and quinoline.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phe*nan"thro*line</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Phenanthr</i>ene + quin<i>oline</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Either of two metameric nitrogenous hydrocarbon bases, C<sub>12</sub>H<sub>8</sub>N<sub>2</sub>, analogous to phenanthridine, but more highly nitrogenized.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phene</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Benzene.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Phe"ne*tol</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Phen</i>yl + <i>et</i>hyl + L. <i>ol</i>eum oil.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>The ethyl ether of phenol, obtained as an aromatic liquid, C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>.O.C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phe"nic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Of, pertaining to, derived from, or resembling, phenyl or phenol.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Phenic acid</b></col> <i>(Chem.)</i>, <cd>a phenol.</cd> [Obsoles.]</p>

<p><hw>Phe*ni"cian</hw> (?), <pos><i>a. & n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Ph&oelig;nician</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phen"i*cine</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>foi^nix</grk> purple red: cf. F. <i>ph&eacute;nicine</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A purple powder precipitated when a sulphuric solution of indigo is diluted with water.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A coloring matter produced by the action of a mixture of strong nitric and sulphuric acids on phenylic alcohol.</def> <i>Watts.</i></p>

<p><hw>Phe*ni"cious</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>phoeniceus</i>, Gr. <grk>foini`keos</grk>, from &?; purple red.] <def>Of a red color with a slight mixture of gray.</def> <i>Dana.</i></p>

<p><hw>Phen`i*cop"ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>phoenicopterus</i>, Gr. <grk>foiniko`pteros</grk>, i. e., red- feathered; <grk>foi^nix</grk>, <grk>foi`nikos</grk>, purple red + <grk>ptero`n</grk> feather: cf. F. <i>ph&eacute;nicopt&egrave;re</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A flamingo.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phe"nix</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Phenixes</b></plw> (#). [L. <i>phoenix</i>, Gr. <grk>foi^nix</grk>.] [Written also <i>ph&oelig;nix</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Gr. Myth.)</i> <def>A bird fabled to exist single, to be consumed by fire by its own act, and to rise again from its ashes. Hence, an emblem of immortality.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Astron.)</i> <def>A southern constellation.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A marvelous person or thing.</def> [R.] <i>Latimer.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Phen`o*ga"mi*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Ph&aelig;nogamia</u>.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Phen`o*ga"mi*an</hw> (?), <hw>Phen`o*gam"ic</hw> (?), <hw>Phe*nog"a*mous</hw> (?) }, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Ph&aelig;nogamian</u>, <u>Ph&aelig;nogamic</u>, etc.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phe"nol</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; to show + <i>- ol</i>: cf. F. <i>ph&eacute;nol</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A white or pinkish crystalline substance, C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>OH, produced by the destructive distillation of many organic bodies, as wood, coal, etc., and obtained from the heavy oil from coal tar.</def></p>

<p>&fist; It has a peculiar odor, somewhat resembling creosote, which is a complex mixture of phenol derivatives. It is of the type of alcohols, and is called also <i>phenyl alcohol</i>, but has acid properties, and hence is popularly called <i>carbolic acid</i>, and was formerly called <i>phenic acid</i>. It is a powerful caustic poison, and in dilute solution has been used as an antiseptic.</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Any one of the series of hydroxyl derivatives of which phenol proper is the type.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Glacial phenol</b></col> <i>(Chem.)</i>, <cd>pure crystallized phenol or carbolic acid.</cd> — <col><b>Phenol acid</b></col> <i>(Chem.)</i>, <cd>any one of a series of compounds which are at once derivatives of both phenol and some member of the fatty acid series; thus, salicylic acid is a <i>phenol acid</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Phenol alcohol</b></col> <i>(Chem.)</i>, <cd>any one of series of derivatives of phenol and carbinol which have the properties of both combined; thus, saligenin is a <i>phenol alcohol</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Phenol aldehyde</b></col> <i>(Chem.)</i>, <cd>any one of a series of compounds having both phenol and aldehyde properties.</cd> - - <col><b>Phenol phthalein</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Phthalein</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Phe"no*late</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Phenol</i> + <i>-ate</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A compound of phenol analogous to a salt.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phe*nom"e*nal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>ph&eacute;nom&eacute;nal</i>.] <def>Relating to, or of the nature of, a phenomenon; hence, extraordinary; wonderful; as, a <i>phenomenal</i> memory.</def> — <wf>Phe*nom"e*nal*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Phe*nom"e*nal*ism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Metaph.)</i> <def>That theory which limits positive or scientific knowledge to phenomena only, whether material or spiritual.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phe*nom"e*nist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who believes in the theory of phenomenalism.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phe*nom`e*nol"o*gy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Phenomenon</i> + <i>-logy</i>: cf. F. <i>ph&eacute;nom&eacute;nologie</i>.] <def>A description, history, or explanation of phenomena.</def> "The <i>phenomenology</i> of the mind." <i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Phe*nom"e*non</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Phenomena</b></plw> (#). [L. <i>phaenomenon</i>, Gr. <grk>faino`menon</grk>, fr. <grk>fai`nesqai</grk> to appear, <grk>fai`nein</grk> to show. See <u>Phantom</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>An appearance; anything visible; whatever, in matter or spirit, is apparent to, or is apprehended by, observation; as, the <i>phenomena</i> of heat, light, or electricity; <i>phenomena</i> of imagination or memory.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>In the <i>phenomena</i> of the material world, and in many of the <i>phenomena</i> of mind.</blockquote> <i>Stewart.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>That which strikes one as strange, unusual, or unaccountable; an extraordinary or very remarkable person, thing, or occurrence; as, a musical <i>phenomenon</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phe"nose`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Phen</i>yl + dextr<i>ose</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A sweet amorphous deliquescent substance obtained indirectly from benzene, and isometric with, and resembling, dextrose.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phe"nyl</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; to bring to light + <i>-yl</i>: cf. F. <i>ph&eacute;nyle</i>. So called because it is a by-product of illuminating gas.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A hydrocarbon radical (C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>) regarded as the essential residue of benzene, and the basis of an immense number of aromatic derivatives.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Phenyl hydrate</b></col> <i>(Chem.)</i>, <cd>phenol or carbolic acid.</cd> — <col><b>Phenyl hydrazine</b></col> <i>(Chem.)</i>, <cd>a nitrogenous base (C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>.N<sub>2</sub>H<sub>3</sub>) produced artificially as a colorless oil which unites with acids, ketones, etc., to form well-crystallized compounds.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Phe`nyl*am"ine</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Phenyl</i> + <i>amine</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Any one of certain class of organic bases regarded as formed from ammonia by the substitution of phenyl for hydrogen.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phe"nyl*ene</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A hypothetic radical (C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>) occurring in certain derivatives of benzene; as, <i>phenylene</i> diamine.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phe*nyl"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Pertaining to, derived from, or containing, phenyl.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Phenylic alcohol</b></col> <i>(Chem.)</i>, <cd>phenol.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Phe"on</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Prob. from Old French.] <i>(Her.)</i> <def>A bearing representing the head of a dart or javelin, with long barbs which are engrailed on the inner edge.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phi"al</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>fiole</i>, L. <i>phiala</i> a broad, flat, shallow cup or bowl, Gr. &?;. cf. <u>Vial</u>.] <def>A glass vessel or bottle, especially a small bottle for medicines; a vial.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phi"al</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Phialed</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Phialing</u>.] <def>To put or keep in, or as in, a phial.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Its <i>phial'd</i> wrath may fate exhaust.</blockquote> <i>Shenstone.</i></p>

<p><hw>Phil"a*beg</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Filibeg</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phil`a*del"phi*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>filadelfia</grk> brotherly love, from <grk>fila`delfos</grk> brotherly; <grk>fi`los</grk> loved, loving, friendly + <grk>'adelfo`s</grk> brother.] <def>Of or pertaining to Ptolemy Philadelphus, or to one of the cities named Philadelphia, esp. the modern city in Pennsylvania.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phil`a*del"phi*an</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A native or an inhabitant of Philadelphia.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Eccl. Hist.)</i> <def>One of a society of mystics of the seventeenth century, — called also the <i>Family of Love</i>.</def> <i>Tatler.</i></p>

<p><hw>Phil`a*le"thist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Philo-</i> + Gr. &?; truth.] <def>A lover of the truth.</def> [Obs.] <i>Brathwait.</i></p>

<p><hw>Phi*lan"der</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; fond of men; &?; loving + &?; man.] <def>To make love to women; to play the male flirt.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>You can't go <i>philandering</i> after her again.</blockquote> <i>G. Eliot.</i></p>

<p><hw>Phi*lan"der</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A lover.</def> [R.] <i>Congreve.</i></p>

<p><hw>Phi*lan"der</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A South American opossum (<i>Didelphys philander</i>).</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>An Australian bandicoot (<i>Perameles lagotis</i>).</def></p>

<p><hw>Phi*lan"der*er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who hangs about women; a male flirt.</def> [R.] <i>C. Kingsley.</i></p>

<p><hw>Phil"an*thrope</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F.] <def>A philanthropist.</def> [Obs.] <i>R. North.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Phil`an*throp"ic</hw> (?), <hw>Phil`an*throp"ic*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>philanthropique</i>.] <def>Of or pertaining to philanthropy; characterized by philanthropy; loving or helping mankind; as, a <i>philanthropic</i> enterprise.</def> — <wf>Phil`an*throp"ic*al*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Phil`an*throp"i*nism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A system of education on so-called natural principles, attempted in Germany in the last century by Basedow, of Dessau.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phil`an*throp"i*nist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>An advocate of, or believer in, philanthropinism.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phi*lan"thro*pist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;; &?; loving + &?; man: cf. F. <i>philanthrope</i>.] <def>One who practices philanthropy; one who loves mankind, and seeks to promote the good of others.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phi*lan`thro*pis"tic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pertaining to, or characteristic of, a philanthropist.</def> [R.] <i>Carlyle.</i></p>

<p><hw>Phi*lan"thro*py</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>philanthropia</i>, Gr. &?;: cf. F. <i>philanthropie</i>.] <def>Love to mankind; benevolence toward the whole human family; universal good will; desire and readiness to do good to all men; — opposed to <i>misanthropy</i>.</def> <i>Jer. Taylor.</i></p>

<p><hw>Phil`a*tel"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to philately.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phi*lat"e*list</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One versed in philately; one who collects postage stamps.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phi*lat"e*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Philo-</i> + Gr. &?; exemption from tax; cf. <i>frank</i> to send free.] <def>The collection of postage stamps of various issues.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phil"a*to*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>filatiere</i>, <i>philatiere</i>. See <u>Phylactery</u>.] <i>(Eccl.)</i> <def>A kind of transparent reliquary with an ornamental top.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phil"au*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;; &?; loving + &?; self.] <def>Self-love; selfishness.</def> [Obs.] <i>Beaumont.</i></p>

<p><hw>Phil`har*mon"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Philo-</i> + Gr. &?; harmony: cf. F. <i>philharmonique</i>.] <def>Loving harmony or music.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phil*hel"lene</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A friend of Greece, or of the Greeks; a philhellenist.</def> <i>Emerson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Phil`hel*len"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to philhellenism.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phil*hel"len*ism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Love of Greece.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phil*hel"len*ist</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Philo-</i> + Gr. &?; a Greek: cf. F. <i>philhell&egrave;ne</i>.] <def>A friend of Greece; one who supports the cause of the Greeks; particularly, one who supported them in their struggle for independence against the Turks; a philhellene.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phil"i*beg</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Filibeg</u>.</def> [Scot.]</p>

<p><hw>Phil"ip</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [So called from their notes.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The European hedge sparrow.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The house sparrow. Called also <i>phip</i>.</def> [Prov. Eng.]</p>

<p><hw>Phi*lip"pi*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to Philippi, a city of ancient Macedonia.</def> — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A native or an inhabitant of Philippi.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phi*lip"pic</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>Philippicus</i> belonging to Philip, Philippic, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; Philip, &?; fond of horses: cf. F. <i>philippique</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Any one of the series of famous orations of Demosthenes, the Grecian orator, denouncing Philip, king of Macedon.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Hence: Any discourse or declamation abounding in acrimonious invective.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phi*lip"pi*um</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL. So named from <i>Philippe</i> Plantamour, of Geneva, Switzerland.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A rare and doubtful metallic element said to have been discovered in the mineral samarskite.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phil"ip*pize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Philippized</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Philippizing</u>.] [Gr. &?; to be on Philip's side.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To support or advocate the cause of Philip of Macedon.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> [See <u>Philippic</u>.] <def>To write or speak in the style of a philippic.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phi*lis"ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [G.] <def>A Philistine; — a cant name given to townsmen by students in German universities.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phi*lis"tine</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>Philistinus</i>, Heb. <i>Phlishth&imacr;</i>, pl. <i>Phlishth&imacr;m</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A native or an inhabitant of ancient Philistia, a coast region of southern Palestine.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A bailiff.</def> [Cant, Eng.] [Obs.] <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A person deficient in liberal culture and refinement; one without appreciation of the nobler aspirations and sentiments of humanity; one whose scope is limited to selfish and material interests.</def> [Recent] <i>M. Arnold.</i></p>

<p><hw>Phi*lis"tine</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Of or pertaining to the Philistines.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Uncultured; commonplace.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phi*lis"tin*ism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The condition, character, aims, and habits of the class called Philistines. See <u>Philistine</u>, 3.</def> [Recent] <i>Carlyle.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>On the side of beauty and taste, vulgarity; on the side of morals and feeling, coarseness; on the side of mind and spirit, unintelligence, — this is <i>Philistinism</i>.</blockquote> <i>M. Arnold.</i></p>

<p><hw>Phil"lips*ite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [So named after John <i>Phillips</i>, an English mineralogist.] <i>(Min.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A hydrous silicate of aluminia, lime, and soda, a zeolitic mineral commonly occurring in complex twin crystals, often cruciform in shape; — called also <i>christianite</i>.</def> </p>

<p><hw>Phil*lyg"e*nin</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Philly</i>rin + <i>-gen</i> + <i>-in</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A pearly crystalline substance obtained by the decomposition of phillyrin.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Phil*lyr"e*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, &?;.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A genus of evergreen plants growing along the shores of the Mediterranean, and breading a fruit resembling that of the olive.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phil"ly*rin</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A glucoside extracted from Phillyrea as a bitter white crystalline substance. It is sometimes used as a febrifuge.</def></p>

<p><hw>Philo-</hw>. <def>A combining form from Gr. <grk>fi`los</grk> <i>loving</i>, <i>fond of</i>, <i>attached to</i>; as, <i>philo</i>sophy, <i>philo</i>technic.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phi*log"y*nist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Philogyny</u>.] <def>A lover or friend of women; one who esteems woman as the higher type of humanity; — opposed to <i>misogynist</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phi*log"y*ny</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;; &?; loving + &?; woman.] <def>Fondness for women; uxoriousness; — opposed to <i>misogyny</i>.</def> [R.] <i>Byron.</i></p>

<p><hw>Phil`o*hel*le"ni*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A philhellenist.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phi*lol"o*ger</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. L. <i>philologus</i> a man of letters, Gr. &?;, originally, fond of talking; hence, fond of learning and literature; &?; loving + &?; speech, discourse.] <def>A philologist.</def> <i>Burton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Phil`o*lo"gi*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A philologist.</def> [R.]</p>

<p>{ <hw>Phil`o*log"ic*al</hw> (?), <hw>Phil`o*log"ic</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>philologique</i>.] <def>Of or pertaining to philology.</def> — <wf>Phil`o*log"ic*al*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Phi*lol"o*gist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One versed in philology.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phi*lol"o*gize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To study, or make critical comments on, language.</def> <i>Evelyn.</i></p>

<p><hw>Phil"o*logue</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>philologue</i>.] <def>A philologist.</def> [R.] <i>Carlyle.</i></p>

<p><hw>Phi*lol"o*gy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>philologia</i> love of learning, interpretation, philology, Gr. &?;: cf. F. <i>philologie</i>. See <u>Philologer</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Criticism; grammatical learning.</def> [R.] <i>Johnson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The study of language, especially in a philosophical manner and as a science; the investigation of the laws of human speech, the relation of different tongues to one another, and historical development of languages; linguistic science.</def></p>

<p>&fist; <i>Philology</i> comprehends a knowledge of the etymology, or origin and combination of words; grammar, the construction of sentences, or use of words in language; criticism, the interpretation of authors, the affinities of different languages, and whatever relates to the history or present state of languages. It sometimes includes rhetoric, poetry, history, and antiquities.</p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A treatise on the science of language.</def></p>

<p><! p. 1077 !></p>

<p><hw>Phil"o*math</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;; <grk>fi`los</grk> loving, a friend + <grk>ma`qh</grk> learning, fr. &?;, &?;, to learn.] <def>A lover of learning; a scholar.</def> <i>Chesterfield.</i></p>

<p><hw>Phil`o*math`e*mat"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A philomath.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phil`o*math"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>philomathique</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Of or pertaining to philomathy.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Having love of learning or letters.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phi*lom"a*thy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;, &?;.] <def>The love of learning or letters.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phil"o*mel</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Philomela</u>, the nightingale.</def> [Poetic] <i>Milton. Cowper.</i></p>

<p><hw>Phil`o*me"la</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>philomela</i>, Gr. &?;, according to the legend, from &?; Philomela (daughter of Pandion, king of Athens), who was changed into a nightingale.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The nightingale; philomel.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A genus of birds including the nightingales.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phil"o*mene</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The nightingale.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Phil"o*mot</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See <u>Filemot</u>.] <def>Of the color of a dead leaf.</def> [Obs.] <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><hw>Phil`o*mu"sic*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Philo-</i> + <i>musical</i>.] <def>Loving music. [R.]Busby.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phil`o*pe"na</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Probably a corruption fr. G. <i>vielliebchen</i>, LG. <i>vielliebken</i>, or D. <i>veelliebken</i>, a philopena, literally, much loved; but influenced by Gr. &?; a friend, and L. <i>poena</i> penalty, from an idea that the gift was a penalty of friendship or love.] <def>A present or gift which is made as a forfeit in a social game that is played in various ways; also, the game itself.</def> [Written also <i>fillipeen</i> and <i>phillippine</i>.]</p>

<p>&fist; One of the ways may be stated as follows: A person finding a nut with two kernels eats one, and gives the other to a person of the opposite sex, and then whichever says <i>philopena</i> first at the next meeting wins the present. The name is also applied to the kernels eaten.</p>

<p>{ <hw>Phil`o*po*lem"ic</hw> (?), <hw>Phil`o*po*lem"ic*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; fond of war, warlike; &?; loving + &?; war.] <def>Fond of polemics or controversy.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Phil`o*pro*gen"i*tive</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having the love of offspring; fond of children.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phil`o*pro*gen"i*tive*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Philo-</i> + L. <i>progenies</i> offspring.] <i>(Phren.)</i> <def>The love of offspring; fondness for children.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phi*los"o*phas`ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., a bad philosopher, fr. <i>philosophus</i>: cf. OF. <i>philosophastre</i>.] <def>A pretender to philosophy.</def> [Obs.] <i>Dr. H. More.</i></p>

<p><hw>Phi*los"o*phate</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [L. <i>philosophatus</i>, p. p. of <i>philosophari</i> to philosophize.] <def>To play the philosopher; to moralize.</def> [Obs.] <i>Barrow.</i></p>

<p><hw>Phi*los`o*pha"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Philosophical speculation and discussion.</def> [Obs.] <i>Sir W. Petty.</i></p>

<p><hw>Phil"o*sophe</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., a philosopher.] <def>A philosophaster; a philosopher.</def> [R.] <i>Carlyle.</i></p>

<p><hw>Phi*los"o*pheme</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;, from &?; to love knowledge.] <def>A philosophical proposition, doctrine, or principle of reasoning.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>This, the most venerable, and perhaps the most ancient, of Grecian myths, is a <i>philosopheme</i>.</blockquote> <i>Coleridge.</i></p>

<p><hw>Phi*los"o*pher</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>philosophre</i>, F. <i>philosophe</i>, L. <i>philosophus</i>, Gr. &?;; &?; loving + &?; wise. Cf. <u>Philosophy</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who philosophizes; one versed in, or devoted to, philosophy.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Then certain <i>philosophers</i> of the Epicureans, and of the Stoics, encountered him.</blockquote> <i>Acts xvii. 18.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>One who reduces the principles of philosophy to practice in the conduct of life; one who lives according to the rules of practical wisdom; one who meets or regards all vicissitudes with calmness.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>An alchemist.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Philosopher's stone</b></col>, <cd>an imaginary stone which the alchemists formerly sought as instrument of converting the baser metals into gold.</cd></p>

<p>{ <hw>Phil`o*soph"ic</hw> (?), <hw>Phil`o*soph"ic*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>philosophicus</i>: cf. F. <i>philosophique</i>.] <def>Of or pertaining to philosophy; versed in, or imbued with, the principles of philosophy; hence, characterizing a philosopher; rational; wise; temperate; calm; cool.</def> — <wf>Phil`o*soph"ic*al*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Phi*los"o*phism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>philosophisme</i>.] <def>Spurious philosophy; the love or practice of sophistry.</def> <i>Carlyle.</i></p>

<p><hw>Phi*los"o*phist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>philosophiste</i>.] <def>A pretender in philosophy.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Phi*los`o*phis"tic</hw> (?), <hw>Phi*los`o*phis"tic*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to the love or practice of sophistry.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Phi*los"o*phize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Philosophized</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Philosophizing</u> (?).] <def>To reason like a philosopher; to search into the reason and nature of things; to investigate phenomena, and assign rational causes for their existence.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Man <i>philosophizes</i> as he lives. He may <i>philosophize</i> well or ill, but <i>philosophize</i> he must.</blockquote> <i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Phi*los"o*phi`zer</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who philosophizes.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phi*los"o*phy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Philosophies</b></plw> (#). [OE. <i>philosophie</i>, F. <i>philosophie</i>, L. <i>philosophia</i>, from Gr. &?;. See <u>Philosopher</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Literally, the love of, including the search after, wisdom; in actual usage, the knowledge of phenomena as explained by, and resolved into, causes and reasons, powers and laws.</def></p>

<p>&fist; When applied to any particular department of knowledge, <i>philosophy</i> denotes the general laws or principles under which all the subordinate phenomena or facts relating to that subject are comprehended. Thus <i>philosophy</i>, when applied to God and the divine government, is called <i>theology</i>; when applied to material objects, it is called <i>physics</i>; when it treats of man, it is called <i>anthropology</i> and <i>psychology</i>, with which are connected <i>logic</i> and <i>ethics</i>; when it treats of the necessary conceptions and relations by which <i>philosophy</i> is possible, it is called <i>metaphysics</i>.</p>

<p>&fist; "<i>Philosophy</i> has been defined: tionscience of things divine and human, and the causes in which they are contained; — the science of effects by their causes; — the science of sufficient reasons; — the science of things possible, inasmuch as they are possible; — the science of things evidently deduced from first principles; — the science of truths sensible and abstract; — the application of reason to its legitimate objects; — the science of the relations of all knowledge to the necessary ends of human reason; — the science of the original form of the ego, or mental self; — the science of science; — the science of the absolute; — the scienceof the absolute indifference of the ideal and real." <i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A particular philosophical system or theory; the hypothesis by which particular phenomena are explained.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>[Books] of Aristotle and his <i>philosophie</i>.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>We shall in vain interpret their words by the notions of our <i>philosophy</i> and the doctrines in our school.</blockquote> <i>Locke.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Practical wisdom; calmness of temper and judgment; equanimity; fortitude; stoicism; as, to meet misfortune with <i>philosophy</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Then had he spent all his <i>philosophy</i>.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Reasoning; argumentation.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Of good and evil much they argued then, . . . <BR> Vain wisdom all, and false <i>philosophy</i>.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>The course of sciences read in the schools.</def> <i>Johnson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>A treatise on philosophy.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Philosophy of the Academy</b></col>, <cd>that of Plato, who taught his disciples in a grove in Athens called the Academy.</cd> — <col><b>Philosophy of the Garden</b></col>, <cd>that of Epicurus, who taught in a garden in Athens.</cd> — <col><b>Philosophy of the Lyceum</b></col>, <cd>that of Aristotle, the founder of the Peripatetic school, who delivered his lectures in the Lyceum at Athens.</cd> — <col><b>Philosophy of the Porch</b></col>, <cd>that of Zeno and the Stoics; — so called because Zeno of Citium and his successors taught in the porch of the Poicile, a great hall in Athens.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Phil`o*stor"gy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;; &?; loving + &?; affection.] <def>Natural affection, as of parents for their children.</def> [R.]</p>

<p>{ <hw>Phil`o*tech"nic</hw> (?), <hw>Phil`o*tech"nic*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Philo-</i> + Gr. &?; an art: cf. F. <i>philotechnique</i>.] <def>Fond of the arts.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Phil"ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>philtre</i>, L. <i>philtrum</i>, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to love, &?; dear, loving.] <def>A potion or charm intended to excite the passion of love.</def> [Written also <i>philtre</i>.] <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><hw>Phil"ter</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Philtered</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Philtering</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To impregnate or mix with a love potion; as, to <i>philter</i> a draught.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To charm to love; to excite to love or sexual desire by a potion.</def> <i>Gov. of Tongue.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Phi*mo"sis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a muzzling, fr. &?; muzzle.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>A condition of the penis in which the prepuce can not be drawn back so as to uncover the glans penis.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phi"ton*ess</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Pythoness; witch.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Phiz</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Phizes</b></plw> (#). [Contr. fr. <i>physiognomy</i>.] <def>The face or visage.</def> [Colloq.] <i>Cowper.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Phle*bi"tis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, &?;, a vein + <i>-itis</i>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Inflammation of a vein.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phleb"o*gram</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;, &?; + <i>-gram</i>.] <i>(Physiol.)</i> <def>A tracing (with the sphygmograph) of the movements of a vein, or of the venous pulse.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Phleb"o*lite</hw> (?), <hw>Phleb"o*lith</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;, &?;, a vein + <i>-lite</i>, <i>- lith</i>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>A small calcareous concretion formed in a vein; a vein stone.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phle*bol"o*gy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;, &?;, a vein + <i>-logy</i>.] <def>A branch of anatomy which treats of the veins.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phle*bot"o*mist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>phl&eacute;botomiste</i>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>One who practiced phlebotomy.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phle*bot"o*mize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Phlebotomized</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Phlebotomizing</u> (?).] [Cf. F. <i>phl&eacute;botomiser</i>.] <def>To let blood from by opening a vein; to bleed.</def> [R.] <i>Howell.</i></p>

<p><hw>Phle*bot"o*my</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>phlebotomia</i>, Gr. &?;; &?;, &?;, a vein + &?; to cut: cf. F. <i>phl&eacute;botomie</i>. Cf. <u>Fleam</u>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>The act or practice of opening a vein for letting blood, in the treatment of disease; venesection; bloodletting.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phlegm</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>phlegme</i>, <i>flegme</i>, L. <i>phlegma</i>, fr. Gr. &?; a flame, inflammation, phlegm, a morbid, clammy humor in the body, fr. &?; to burn. Cf. <u>Phlox</u>, <u>Flagrant</u>, <u>Flame</u>, <u>Bleak</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>, and <u>Fluminate</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One of the four humors of which the ancients supposed the blood to be composed. See <u>Humor</u>.</def> <i>Arbuthnot.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Physiol.)</i> <def>Viscid mucus secreted in abnormal quantity in the respiratory and digestive passages.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Old Chem.)</i> <def>A watery distilled liquor, in distinction from a spirituous liquor.</def> <i>Crabb.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Sluggishness of temperament; dullness; want of interest; indifference; coldness.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>They judge with fury, but they write with <i>phlegm</i>.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><hw>Phleg"ma*gogue</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; carrying of phlegm; &?; phlegm + &?; to lead.] <i>(Old Med.)</i> <def>A medicine supposed to expel phlegm.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Phleg*ma"si*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., from Gr. &?;. See <u>Phlegm</u>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>An inflammation; more particularly, an inflammation of the internal organs.</def></p>

<p><col><b>||Phlegmasia dolens</b></col> (d&omacr;"l&ebreve;nz) [NL.], <cd>milk leg.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Phleg*mat"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>phlegmaticus</i>, Gr. &?;: cf. F. <i>phlegmatique</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Watery.</def> [Obs.] "Aqueous and <i>phlegmatic</i>." <i>Sir I. Newton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Abounding in phlegm; as, <i>phlegmatic</i> humors; a <i>phlegmatic</i> constitution.</def> <i>Harvey.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Generating or causing phlegm.</def> "Cold and <i>phlegmatic</i> habitations." <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Not easily excited to action or passion; cold; dull; sluggish; heavy; as, a <i>phlegmatic</i> person.</def> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Phlegmatic temperament</b></col> <i>(Old Physiol.)</i>, <cd>lymphatic temperament. See under <u>Lymphatic</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Phleg*mat"ic*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Phlegmatic.</def> <i>Ash.</i></p>

<p><hw>Phleg*mat"ic*al*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a phlegmatic manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phleg*mat"ic*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Phlegmatically.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Phleg"mon</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>phlegmone</i>, <i>phlegmon</i>, inflammation beneath the skin, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to burn: cf. F. <i>phlegmon</i>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Purulent inflammation of the cellular or areolar tissue.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phleg"mon*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>phlegmoneux</i>.] <def>Having the nature or properties of phlegmon; as, <i>phlegmonous</i> pneumonia.</def> <i>Harvey.</i></p>

<p><hw>Phleme</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Surg. & Far.)</i> <def>See <u>Fleam</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Phle"um</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a kind of marsh plant.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A genus of grasses, including the timothy (<i>Phleum pratense</i>), which is highly valued for hay; cat's-tail grass.</def> <i>Gray.</i></p>

<p><hw>Phlo"&euml;m</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; bark.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>That portion of fibrovascular bundles which corresponds to the inner bark; the liber tissue; — distinguished from <i>xylem</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phlo*gis"tian</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A believer in the existence of phlogiston.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phlo*gis"tic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Old Chem.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to phlogiston, or to belief in its existence.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Inflammatory; belonging to inflammations and fevers.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phlo*gis"tic*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Old Chem.)</i> <def>Phlogistic.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phlo*gis"ti*cate</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Phlogisticated</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Phlogisticating</u>.] <i>(Old Chem.)</i> <def>To combine phlogiston with; — usually in the form and sense of the <pos><i>p. p.</i></pos> or the <pos><i>adj.</i></pos>; as, highly <i>phlogisticated</i> substances.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phlo*gis`ti*ca"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Old Chem.)</i> <def>The act or process of combining with phlogiston.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phlo*gis"ton</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?; burnt, set on fire, fr. &?; to set on fire, to burn, fr. &?;, &?;, a flame, blaze. See <u>Phlox</u>.] <i>(Old Chem.)</i> <def>The hypothetical principle of fire, or inflammability, regarded by Stahl as a chemical element.</def></p>

<p>&fist; This was supposed to be united with combustible (<i>phlogisticated</i>) bodies and to be separated from incombustible (<i>dephlogisticated</i>) bodies, the phenomena of flame and burning being the escape of phlogiston. Soot and sulphur were regarded as nearly pure phlogiston. The essential principle of this theory was, that combustion was a decomposition rather than the union and combination which it has since been shown to be. </p>

<p><hw>Phlo*gog"e*nous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;, &?; fire + <i>-genous</i>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Causing inflammation.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phlog"o*pite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; firelike.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>A kind of mica having generally a peculiar bronze- red or copperlike color and a pearly luster. It is a silicate of aluminia, with magnesia, potash, and some fluorine. It is characteristic of crystalline limestone or dolomite and serpentine. See <u>Mica</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Phlo*go"sis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?; burning heat.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Inflammation of external parts of the body; erysipelatous inflammation.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phlo*got"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to phlogisis.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phlo*ram"ine</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Phlor</i>lucin + <i>amine</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A basic amido derivative of phloroglucin, having an astringent taste.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phlo*ret"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, or designating, an organic acid obtained by the decomposition of phloretin.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phlor"e*tin</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From Phlorizin.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A bitter white crystalline substance obtained by the decomposition of phlorizin, and formerly used to some extent as a substitute for quinine.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phlor"i*zin</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;, &?;, bark + &?; root.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A bitter white crystalline glucoside extracted from the root bark of the apple, pear, cherry, plum, etc.</def> [Formerly also written <i>phloridzin</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Phlor`o*glu"cin</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Phlor</i>etin + Gr. &?; sweet.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A sweet white crystalline substance, metameric with pyrogallol, and obtained by the decomposition of phloretin, and from certain gums, as catechu, kino, etc. It belongs to the class of phenols. [Called also <i>phloroglucinol</i>.]</def></p>

<p><hw>Phlo"rol</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Phlor</i>etic + <i>-ol</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A liquid metameric with xylenol, belonging to the class of phenols, and obtained by distilling certain salts of phloretic acid.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phlo"rone</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Phlor</i>ol + quin<i>one</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A yellow crystalline substance having a peculiar unpleasant odor, resembling the quinones, and obtained from beechwood tar and coal tar, as also by the oxidation of xylidine; — called also <i>xyloquinone</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phlox</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., a kind of flower, fr. Gr. &?; flame, fr. &?; to burn.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A genus of American herbs, having showy red, white, or purple flowers.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Phlox worm</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the larva of an American moth (<i>Heliothis phloxiphaga</i>). It is destructive to phloxes.</cd> — <col><b>Phlox subulata</b></col>, <cd>the moss pink. See under <u>Moss</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Phlyc*ten"u*lar</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; a blister or pustule.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Characterized by the presence of small pustules, or whitish elevations resembling pustules; as, <i>phlyctenular</i> ophthalmia.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pho"ca</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., a seal, fr. Gr. &?;.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A genus of seals. It includes the common harbor seal and allied species. See <u>Seal</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pho*ca"cean</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any species of Phoca; a seal.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pho"cal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Pertaining to seals.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pho*cen"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; a porpoise.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to dolphin oil or porpoise oil; - - said of an acid (called also <i>delphinic</i> acid) subsequently found to be identical with valeric acid.</def> <i>Watts.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pho*ce"nin</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>phoc&eacute;nine</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>See <u>Delphin</u>.</def></p>

<p><! p. 1078 !></p>

<p><hw>Pho"cine</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>phoca</i> a seal.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to the seal tribe; phocal.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pho"co*dont</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of the Phocodontia.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pho`co*don"ti*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a seal + &?;, &?;, a tooth.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A group of extinct carnivorous whales. Their teeth had compressed and serrated crowns. It includes Squalodon and allied genera.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ph&oelig;"be</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The pewee, or pewit.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ph&oelig;"bus</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; pure, bright.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Class. Myth.)</i> <def>Apollo; the sun god.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The sun.</def> "<i>Ph&oelig;bus</i> 'gins arise." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ph&oelig;*ni"cian</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to Ph&oelig;nica.</def> — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A native or inhabitant of Ph&oelig;nica.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ph&oelig;*ni"cious</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Phenicious</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Ph&oelig;`ni*cop"te*rus</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Phenicopter</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A genus of birds which includes the flamingoes.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Ph&oelig;"nix</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., a fabulous bird. See <u>Phenix</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Same as <u>Phenix</u>.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A genus of palms including the date tree.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pho"lad</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any species of Pholas.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pho*la"de*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Pholad.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pho"las</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Pholades</b></plw> (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, &?;, a kind of mollusk.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any one of numerous species of marine bivalve mollusks of the genus <i>Pholas</i>, or family <i>Pholadid&aelig;</i>. They bore holes for themselves in clay, peat, and soft rocks.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pho"nal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos>[Gr. &?; the voice.] <def>Of or relating to the voice; as, <i>phonal</i> structure.</def> <i>Max M&uuml;ller.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pho`nas*cet"ics</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; to practice the voice; &?; voice + &?; to practice.] <def>Treatment for restoring or improving the voice.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pho*na"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; the voice.] <def>The act or process by which articulate sounds are uttered; the utterance of articulate sounds; articulate speech.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pho*nau"to*graph</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Phono-</i> + Gr. &?; self + <i>-graph</i>.] <i>(Physics)</i> <def>An instrument by means of which a sound can be made to produce a visible trace or record of itself. It consists essentially of a resonant vessel, usually of paraboloidal form, closed at one end by a flexible membrane. A stylus attached to some point of the membrane records the movements of the latter, as it vibrates, upon a moving cylinder or plate.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pho*nei"do*scope</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Phono-</i> + Gr. &?; form + <i>-scope</i>.] <i>(Physics)</i> <def>An instrument for studying the motions of sounding bodies by optical means. It consists of a tube across the end of which is stretched a film of soap solution thin enough to give colored bands, the form and position of which are affected by sonorous vibrations.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pho*net"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; a sound, tone; akin to Gr. &?; to speak: cf. F. <i>phon&eacute;tique</i>. See <u>Ban</u> a proclamation.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Of or pertaining to the voice, or its use.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Representing sounds; as, <i>phonetic</i> characters; — opposed to <i>ideographic</i>; as, a <i>phonetic</i> notation.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Phonetic spelling</b></col>, <cd>spelling in phonetic characters, each representing one sound only; — contrasted with <i>Romanic spelling</i>, or that by the use of the Roman alphabet.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pho*net"ic*al*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a phonetic manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pho`ne*ti"cian</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One versed in phonetics; a phonetist.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pho*net"ics</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The doctrine or science of sounds; especially those of the human voice; phonology.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The art of representing vocal sounds by signs and written characters.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pho"ne*tism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The science which treats of vocal sounds.</def> <i>J. Peile.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pho"ne*tist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One versed in phonetics; a phonologist.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>One who advocates a phonetic spelling.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pho`ne*ti*za"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The act, art, or process of representing sounds by phonetic signs.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pho"ne*tize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To represent by phonetic signs.</def> <i>Lowell.</i></p>

<p><hw>Phon"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; sound: cf. F. <i>phonique</i>.] <def>Of or pertaining to sound; of the nature of sound; acoustic.</def> <i>Tyndall.</i></p>

<p><hw>Phon"ics</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Phonetics</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pho"no-</hw> (?). <def>A combining form from Gr. &?; <i>sound</i>, <i>tone</i>; as, <i>phono</i>graph, <i>phono</i>logy.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phono</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A South American butterfly (<i>Ithonia phono</i>) having nearly transparent wings.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pho`no*camp"tic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Phono-</i> + Gr. &?; to bend: cf. F. <i>phonocamptique</i>.] <def>Reflecting sound.</def> [R.] "<i>Phonocamptic</i> objects." <i>Derham.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pho"no*gram</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Phono-</i> + <i>-gram</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A letter, character, or mark used to represent a particular sound.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Phonograms</i> are of three kinds: (1) Verbal signs, which stand for entire words; (2) Syllabic signs, which stand for the articulations of which words are composed; (3) Alphabetic signs, or letters, which represent the elementary sounds into which the syllable can be resolved.</blockquote> <i>I. Taylor (The Alphabet).</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A record of sounds made by a phonograph.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pho"no*graph</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Phono-</i> + <i>-graph</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A character or symbol used to represent a sound, esp. one used in phonography.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Physics)</i> <def>An instrument for the mechanical registration and reproduction of audible sounds, as articulate speech, etc. It consists of a rotating cylinder or disk covered with some material easily indented, as tinfoil, wax, paraffin, etc., above which is a thin plate carrying a stylus. As the plate vibrates under the influence of a sound, the stylus makes minute indentations or undulations in the soft material, and these, when the cylinder or disk is again turned, set the plate in vibration, and reproduce the sound.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pho*nog"ra*pher</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One versed or skilled in phonography.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>One who uses, or is skilled in the use of, the phonograph. See <u>Phonograph</u>, 2.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pho`no*graph"ic</hw> (?), <hw>Pho`no*graph"ic*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>phonographique</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Of or pertaining to phonography; based upon phonography.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Of or pertaining to phonograph; done by the phonograph.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pho`no*graph"ic*al*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a phonographic manner; by means of phonograph.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pho*nog"ra*phist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Phonographer.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pho*nog"ra*phy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Phono-</i> + <i>-graphy</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A description of the laws of the human voice, or sounds uttered by the organs of speech.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A representation of sounds by distinctive characters; commonly, a system of shorthand writing invented by Isaac Pitman, or a modification of his system, much used by reporters.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The consonants are represented by straight lines and curves; the vowels by dots and short dashes; but by skilled phonographers, in rapid work, most vowel marks are omitted, and brief symbols for common words and combinations of words are extensively employed. The following line is an example of phonography, in which all the sounds are indicated: —</p>

<p><blockquote>They also serve who only stand and wait.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i>

<sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>The art of constructing, or using, the phonograph.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pho"no*lite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Phono-</i> + <i>-lite</i>: cf. F. <i>phonolithe</i>.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>A compact, feldspathic, igneous rock containing nephelite, ha&uuml;ynite, etc. Thin slabs give a ringing sound when struck; — called also <i>clinkstone</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pho*nol"o*ger</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A phonologist.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pho`no*log"ic</hw> (?), <hw>Pho`no*log"ic*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to phonology.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pho*nol"o*gist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One versed in phonology.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pho*nol"o*gy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Phono-</i> + <i>-logy</i>.] <def>The science or doctrine of the elementary sounds uttered by the human voice in speech, including the various distinctions, modifications, and combinations of tones; phonetics. Also, a treatise on sounds.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pho*nom"e*ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Phono-</i> + <i>-meter</i>.] <i>(Physics)</i> <def>An instrument for measuring sounds, as to their intensity, or the frequency of the vibrations.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pho`no*mo"tor</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Phono-</i> + <i>-motor</i>.] <i>(Physics)</i> <def>An instrument in which motion is produced by the vibrations of a sounding body.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pho*nor"ga*non</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Phono-</u>, and <u>Organon</u>.] <def>A speaking machine.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pho"no*scope</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Phono-</i> + <i>-scope</i>.] <i>(Physics)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>An instrument for observing or exhibiting the motions or properties of sounding bodies; especially, an apparatus invented by K&ouml;nig for testing the quality of musical strings.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>An instrument for producing luminous figures by the vibrations of sounding bodies.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pho"no*type</hw> (-t&imacr;p), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Phono- </i> + <i>-type</i>.] <def>A type or character used in phonotypy.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pho`no*typ"ic</hw> (?), <hw>Pho`no*typ"ic*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to phonotypy; as, a <i>phonotypic</i> alphabet.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pho*not"y*pist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One versed in phonotypy.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pho*not"y*py</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A method of phonetic printing of the English language, as devised by Mr. Pitman, in which nearly all the ordinary letters and many new forms are employed in order to indicate each elementary sound by a separate character.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Phor"minx</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?;.] <def>A kind of lyre used by the Greeks.</def> <i>Mrs. Browning.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Phor"mi*um</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL. fr. Gr. &?; a plaited mat, a kind of plant.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A genus of liliaceous plants, consisting of one species (<i>Phormium tenax</i>). See <u>Flax-plant</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phor"one</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cam<i>phor</i> + acet<i>one</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A yellow crystalline substance, having a geraniumlike odor, regarded as a complex derivative of acetone, and obtained from certain camphor compounds.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pho*ro"nis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. L. <i>Phoronis</i>, a surname of Io, Gr. &?;.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A remarkable genus of marine worms having tentacles around the mouth. It is usually classed with the gephyreans. Its larva (<i>Actinotrocha</i>) undergoes a peculiar metamorphosis.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Phor`o*no"mi*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL.] <def>See <u>Phoronomics</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phor`o*nom"ics</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; a carrying, motion + &?; a law.] <def>The science of motion; kinematics.</def> [R.] <i>Weisbach.</i></p>

<p><hw>Phos"gene</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; light + the root of &?; to be born: cf. F. <i>phosg&egrave;ne</i>.] <i>(Old Chem.)</i> <def>Producing, or produced by, the action of light; — formerly used specifically to designate a gas now called <i>carbonyl chloride</i>. See <u>Carbonyl</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phos"gen*ite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Min.)</i> <def>A rare mineral occurring in tetragonal crystals of a white, yellow, or grayish color and adamantine luster. It is a chlorocarbonate of lead.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phos"pham</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Phosph</i>orus + <i>am</i>monia.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>An inert amorphous white powder, PN<sub>2</sub>H, obtained by passing ammonia over heated phosphorus.</def> [Spelt also <i>phosphame</i>.] — <wf>Phos"pham"ic</wf> (#), <pos><i>a.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Phos"phate</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A salt of phosphoric acid.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phos*phat"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Pertaining to, or containing, phosphorus, phosphoric acid, or phosphates; as, <i>phosphatic</i> nodules.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Phosphatic diathesis</b></col> <i>(Med.)</i>, <cd>a habit of body which leads to the undue excretion of phosphates with the urine.</cd></p>

<p><hw>||Phos`pha*tu"ri*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Phosphate</u>, and <u>Urine</u>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>The excessive discharge of phosphates in the urine.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phos"phene</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; light + &?; to show.] <i>(Physiol.)</i> <def>A luminous impression produced through excitation of the retina by some cause other than the impingement upon it of rays of light, as by pressure upon the eyeball when the lids are closed. Cf. <u>After-image</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phos"phide</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A binary compound of phosphorus.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phos"phine</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A colorless gas, PH<sub>3</sub>, analogous to ammonia, and having a disagreeable odor resembling that of garlic. Called also <i>hydrogen phosphide</i>, and formerly, <i>phosphureted hydrogen</i>.</def></p>

<p>&fist; It is the most important compound of phosphorus and hydrogen, and is produced by the action of caustic potash on phosphorus. It is spontaneously inflammable, owing to impurities, and in burning produces peculiar vortical rings of smoke.</p>

<p><hw>Phos*phin"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, certain acids analogous to the phosphonic acids, but containing two hydrocarbon radicals, and derived from the secondary phosphines by oxidation.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phos"phite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A salt of phosphorous acid.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phos*phon"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Phosph</i>oric + sulph<i>onic</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, certain derivatives of phosphorous acid containing a hydrocarbon radical, and analogous to the sulphonic acid.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phos*pho"ni*um</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Phosph</i>orus + amm<i>onium</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>The hypothetical radical PH<sub>4</sub>, analogous to ammonium, and regarded as the nucleus of certain derivatives of phosphine.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phos"phor</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. G. <i>phosphor</i>. See <u>Phosphorus</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Phosphorus.</def> [Obs.] <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The planet Venus, when appearing as the morning star; Lucifer.</def> [Poetic] <i>Pope. Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Phos"phor*ate</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Phosphorated</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Phosphorating</u>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>To impregnate, or combine, with phosphorus or its compounds; as, <i>phosphorated</i> oil.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phos"phor-bronze`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Phosphor</i> + <i>bronze</i>.] <i>(Metal.)</i> <def>A variety of bronze possessing great hardness, elasticity, and toughness, obtained by melting copper with tin phosphide. It contains one or two per cent of phosphorus and from five to fifteen per cent of tin.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phos*pho"re*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Phosphorescent.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Phos`phor*esce"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Phosphoresced</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Phosphorescing</u> (?).] <def>To shine as phosphorus; to be phosphorescent; to emit a phosphoric light.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phos`phor*es"cence</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>phosphorescence</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The quality or state of being phosphorescent; or the act of phosphorescing.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A phosphoric light.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phos`phor*es"cent</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>phosphorescent</i>.] <def>Shining with a phosphoric light; luminous without sensible heat.</def> — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A phosphorescent substance.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phos*phor"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>phosphorique</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to phosphorus; resembling, or containing, from us; specifically, designating those compounds in which phosphorus has a higher valence as contrasted with the <i>phosphorous</i> compounds.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Phosphorescent.</def> "A <i>phosphoric</i> sea." <i>Byron.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Glacial phosphoric acid</b></col>. <i>(Chem.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>Metaphosphoric acid in the form of glassy semitransparent masses or sticks</cd>. <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>Pure normal phosphoric acid.</cd> — <col><b>Phosphoric acid</b></col> <i>(Chem.)</i>, <cd>a white crystalline substance, H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>, which is the most highly oxidized acid of phosphorus, and forms an important and extensive series of compounds, viz., the phosphates.</cd> — <col><b>Soluble phosphoric acid</b></col>, <col><b>Insoluble phosphoric acid</b></col> <i>(Agric. Chem.)</i>, <cd>phosphoric acid combined in acid salts, or in neutral or basic salts, which are respectively soluble and insoluble in water or in plant juices.</cd> — <col><b>Reverted phosphoric acid</b></col> <i>(Agric. Chem.)</i>, <cd>phosphoric acid changed from acid (soluble) salts back to neutral or basic (insoluble) salts.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Phos*phor"ic*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Old Chem.)</i> <def>Phosphoric.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phos"phor*ite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Min.)</i> <def>A massive variety of apatite.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phos`phor*it"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Min.)</i> <def>Pertaining to phosphorite; resembling, or of the nature of, phosphorite.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phos"phor*ize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To phosphorate.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phos"phor*ized</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Containing, or impregnated with, phosphorus.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phos`phor*o*gen"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Phosphorus</i> + <i>-gen</i> + <i>-ic</i>.] <def>Generating phosphorescence; as, <i>phosphorogenic</i> rays.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phos*phor"o*scope</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Phosphorus</i> + <i>-scope</i>.] <i>(Physics)</i> <def>An apparatus for observing the phosphorescence produced in different bodies by the action of light, and for measuring its duration.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phos"phor*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>phosphoreux</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to phosphorus; resembling or containing phosphorus; specifically, designating those compounds in which phosphorus has a lower valence as contrasted with <i>phosphoric</i> compounds; as, <i>phosphorous</i> acid, H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>3</sub>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phos"phor*us</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Phosphori</b></plw> (#). [L., the morning star, Gr. &?;, lit., light bringer; &?; light + &?; to bring.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The morning star; Phosphor.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A poisonous nonmetallic element of the nitrogen group, obtained as a white, or yellowish, translucent waxy substance, having a characteristic disagreeable smell. It is very active chemically, must be preserved under water, and unites with oxygen even at ordinary temperatures, giving a faint glow, — whence its name. It always occurs compined, usually in phosphates, as in the mineral apatite, in bones, etc. It is used in the composition on the tips of friction matches, and for many other purposes. The molecule contains four atoms. Symbol P. Atomic weight 31.0.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Hence, any substance which shines in the dark like phosphorus, as certain phosphorescent bodies.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Bologna phosphorus</b></col> <i>(Chem.)</i>, <cd>sulphide of barium, which shines in the dark after exposure to light; — so called because this property was discovered by a resident of <i>Bologna</i>. The term is sometimes applied to other compounds having similar properties.</cd> — <col><b>Metallic phosphorus</b></col> <i>(Chem.)</i>, <cd>an allotropic modification of phosphorus, obtained as a gray metallic crystalline substance, having very inert chemical properties. It is obtained by heating ordinary phosphorus in a closed vessel at a high temperature.</cd> — <col><b>Phosphorus disease</b></col> <i>(Med.)</i>, <cd>a disease common among workers in phosphorus, giving rise to necrosis of the jawbone, and other symptoms.</cd> — <col><b>Red, or Amorphous</b></col>, <col><b>phosphorus</b></col> <i>(Chem.)</i>, <cd>an allotropic modification of phosphorus, obtained as a dark red powder by heating ordinary phosphorus in closed vessels. It is not poisonous, is not phosphorescent, and is only moderately active chemically. It is valuable as a chemical reagent, and is used in the composition of the friction surface on which safety matches are ignited.</cd> — <col><b>Solar phosphori</b></col> <i>(Chem.)</i>, <cd>phosphorescent substances which shine in the dark after exposure to the sunlight or other intense light.</cd></p>

<p><! p. 1079 !></p>

<p><hw>Phos"phor*yl</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Phosphor</i>us + <i>-yl</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>The radical PO, regarded as the typical nucleus of certain compounds.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phos"phu*ret</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A phosphide.</def> [Obsoles.]</p>

<p><hw>Phos"phu*ret`ed</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Impregnated, or combined, with phosphorus.</def> [Obsoles.] [Written also <i>phosphuretted</i>.]</p>

<p><col><b>Phosphureted hydrogen</b></col>. <i>(Chem.)</i> <cd>See <u>Phosphine</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pho"tic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>fw^s</grk>, <grk>fwto`s</grk>, light.] <i>(Physiol.)</i> <def>Relating to the production of light by the lower animals.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pho"tics</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Physics)</i> <def>The science of light; — a general term sometimes employed when <i>optics</i> is restricted to light as a producing vision.</def> <i>Knight.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pho"to</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Photos</b></plw> (&?;). <def>A contraction of <u>Photograph</u>.</def> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><hw>Pho"to-</hw> (?). <def>A combining form from Gr. <grk>fw^s</grk>, <grk>fwto`s</grk>, <i>light</i>; as, <i>photo</i>graphy, <i>photo</i>type, <i>photo</i>meter.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pho`to*bi*ot"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Photo-</i> + <i>biotic</i>.] <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>Requiring light to live; incapable of living without light; as, <i>photobiotic</i> plant cells.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pho`to*chem"ic*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Photo-</i> + <i>chemical</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to chemical action of light, or produced by it; as, the <i>photochemical</i> changes of the visual purple of the retina.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pho`to*chem"is*try</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Photo- </i> + <i>chemistry</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>The branch of chemistry which relates to the effect of light in producing chemical changes, as in photography.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pho`to*chro"mic</hw> (?), <hw>Pho`to*chro*mat"ic</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to photochromy; produced by photochromy.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pho*toch"ro*my</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Photo-</i> + Gr. &?; color.] <def>The art or process of reproducing colors by photography.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pho"to*drome</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Photo-</i> + Gr. &?; to run.] <i>(Physics)</i> <def>An apparatus consisting of a large wheel with spokes, which when turning very rapidly is illuminated by momentary flashes of light passing through slits in a rotating disk. By properly timing the succession of flashes the wheel is made to appear to be motionless, or to rotate more or less slowly in either direction.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pho`to-e*lec"tric</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Photo-</i> + <i>electric</i>.] <def>Acting by the operation of both light and electricity; — said of apparatus for producing pictures by electric light.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pho`to-e*lec"tro*type</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Print.)</i> <def>An electrotype plate formed in a mold made by photographing on prepared gelatine, etc.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pho`to-en*grav"ing</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Photo- </i> + <i>engraving</i>.] <def>The process of obtaining an etched or engraved plate from the photographic image, to be used in printing; also, a picture produced by such a process.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pho`to-ep"i*nas`ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Photo-</u>, and <u>Epinastic</u>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A disproportionately rapid growth of the upper surface of dorsiventral organs, such as leaves, through the stimulus of exposure to light.</def> <i>Encyc. Brit.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pho`to*gal`va*nog"ra*phy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Photo-</i> + <i>galvanography</i>.] <def>The art or process of making photo-electrotypes.</def> <i>Sir D. Brewster.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pho"to*gen</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Photo-</i> + <i>- gen</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A light hydrocarbon oil resembling kerosene. It is obtained by distilling coal, paraffin, etc., and is used as a lubricant, illuminant, etc.</def> [Written also <i>photogene</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Pho"to*gene</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Photogen</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A photograph.</def> [Obsoles.]</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A more or less continued impression or image on the retina.</def> <i>H. Spencer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pho`to*gen"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to photogeny; producing or generating light.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pho*tog"e*ny</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Photogen</u>.] <def>See <u>Photography</u>.</def> [Obsoles.]</p>

<p><hw>Pho`to*glyph"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Photo-</i> + Gr. &?; to engrave.] <def>Pertaining to the art of engraving by the action of light.</def> [Written also <i>photoglyptic</i>.]</p>

<p><col><b>Photoglyphic engraving</b></col>, <cd>a process of etching on copper, steel, or zinc, by means of the action of light and certain chemicals, so that from the plate impressions may be taken.</cd> <i>Sir D. Brewster.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pho*tog"ly*phy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Photoglyphic engraving. See under <u>Photoglyphic</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pho`to*glyp"tic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Photoglyphic</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pho"to*gram</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Photo-</i> + <i>-gram</i>.] <def>A photograph.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Pho"to*graph</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Photo-</i> + <i>-graph</i>.] <def>A picture or likeness obtained by photography.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pho"to*graph</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Photographed</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Photographing</u> (?).] <def>To take a picture or likeness of by means of photography; as, to <i>photograph</i> a view; to <i>photograph</i> a group.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He makes his pen drawing on white paper, and they are afterwards <i>photographed</i> on wood.</blockquote> <i>Hamerton.</i></p>

<p>Also used figuratively.</p>

<p><blockquote>He is <i>photographed</i> on my mind.</blockquote> <i>Lady D. Hardy.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pho"to*graph</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To practice photography; to take photographs.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pho*tog"ra*pher</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who practices, or is skilled in, photography.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pho`to*graph"ic</hw> (?), <hw>Pho`to*graph"ic*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>photographique</i>.] <def>Of or pertaining to photography; obtained by photography; used ib photography; as a <i>photographic</i> picture; a <i>photographic</i> camera.</def> — <wf>Pho`to*graph"ic*al*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><col><b>Photographic printing</b></col>, <cd>the process of obtaining pictures, as on chemically prepared paper, from photographic negatives, by exposure to light.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pho*tog"ra*phist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A photographer.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pho*tog"ra*phom"e*ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Photograph</i> + <i>-meter</i>.] <i>(Photog.)</i> <def>An instrument for determining the sensibility of the plates employed in photographic processes to luminous rays.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pho*tog"ra*phy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Photo-</i> + <i>-graphy</i>: cf. F. <i>photographie</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The science which relates to the action of light on sensitive bodies in the production of pictures, the fixation of images, and the like.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The art or process of producing pictures by this action of light.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The well-focused optical image is thrown on a surface of metal, glass, paper, or other suitable substance, coated with collodion or gelatin, and sensitized with the chlorides, bromides, or iodides of silver, or other salts sensitive to light. The exposed plate is then treated with reducing agents, as pyrogallic acid, ferrous sulphate, etc., to develop the latent image. The image is then fixed by washing off the excess of unchanged sensitive salt with sodium hyposulphite (<i>thiosulphate</i>) or other suitable reagents.</p>

<p><hw>Pho`to*grav"ure</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F.] <def>A photoengraving; also, the process by which such a picture is produced.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pho`to*he"li*o*graph</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Photo- </i> + <i>heliograph</i>.] <i>(Physics)</i> <def>A modified kind of telescope adapted to taking photographs of the sun.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pho`to*lith"o*graph</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Photo- </i> + <i>lithograph</i>.] <def>A lithographic picture or copy from a stone prepared by the aid of photography.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pho`to*lith"o*graph</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To produce (a picture, a copy) by the process of photolithography.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pho`to*li*thog"ra*pher</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who practices, or one who employs, photolithography.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pho`to*lith`o*graph"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to photolithography; produced by photolithography.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pho`to*li*thog"ra*phy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The art or process of producing photolithographs.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pho`to*log"ic</hw> (?), <hw>Pho`to*log"ic*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pertaining to photology, or the doctrine of light.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pho*tol"o*gist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who studies or expounds the laws of light.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pho*tol"o*gy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Photo-</i> + <i>-logy</i>: cf. F. <i>photologie</i>.] <def>The doctrine or science of light, explaining its nature and phenomena; optics.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pho`to*mag*net"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to photomagnetism.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pho`to*mag"net*ism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The branch of science which treats of the relation of magnetism to light.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pho`to*me*chan"ic*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, any photographic process in which a printing surface is obtained without the intervention of hand engraving.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pho*tom"e*ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Photo-</i> + <i>-meter</i>: cf. F. <i>photom&egrave;tre</i>.] <i>(Physics)</i> <def>An instrument for measuring the intensity of light, or, more especially, for comparing the relative intensities of different lights, or their relative illuminating power.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pho`to*met"ric</hw> (?), <hw>Pho`to*met"ric*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>photom&eacute;trique</i>.] <def>Of or pertaining to photometry, or to a photometer.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pho*tom`e*tri"cian</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One engaged in the scientific measurement of light.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pho*tom"e*try</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>photom&eacute;trie</i>.] <def>That branch of science which treats of the measurement of the intensity of light.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pho`to*mi"cro*graph</hw> (f&omacr;`t&osl;*m&imacr;"kr&osl;*gr&adot;f), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Photo-</i> + <i>micro</i> + <i>-graph</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>An enlarged or macroscopic photograph of a microscopic object. See <u>Microphotograph</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A microscopically small photograph of an object.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pho`to*mi*crog"ra*phy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The art of producing photomicrographs.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pho`to*pho"bi*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. <grk>fw^s</grk>, <grk>fwto`s</grk>, light + &?; fear.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>A dread or intolerance of light.</def> <i>Sir T. Watson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pho"to*phone</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Photo-</i> + Gr. &?; sound.] <i>(Physics)</i> <def>An apparatus for the production of sound by the action of rays of light.</def> <i>A. G. Bell.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pho`to*phon"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to photophone.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pho*toph"o*ny</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The art or practice of using the photophone.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pho*top"si*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. <grk>fw^s</grk>, <grk>fwto`s</grk>, light + &?; sight.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>An affection of the eye, in which the patient perceives luminous rays, flashes, coruscations, etc. See <u>phosphene</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pho*top"sy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Photopsia</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pho`to*re*lief"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A printing surface in relief, obtained by photographic means and subsequent manipulations.</def> <i>Knight.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pho"to*scope</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Photo-</i> + <i>-scope</i>.] <i>(Physics)</i> <def>Anything employed for the observation of light or luminous effects.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pho`to*scop"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to the photoscope or its uses.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pho`to*sculp"ture</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Photo-</i> + <i>sculpture</i>.] <def>A process in which, by means of a number of photographs simultaneously taken from different points of view on the same level, rough models of the figure or bust of a person or animal may be made with great expedition.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pho"to*sphere</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Photo-</i> + <i>sphere</i>.] <def>A sphere of light; esp., the luminous envelope of the sun.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pho`to*spher"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to the photosphere.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pho*tot"o*nus</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Photo- </u>, and <u>Tone</u>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A motile condition in plants resulting from exposure to light.</def> — <wf>Pho`to*ton"ic</wf> (#), <pos><i>a.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Pho`to*trop"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Photo-</i> + Gr. &?; to turn.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Heliotropic</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pho"to*type</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Photo-</i> + <i>-type</i>.] <def>A plate or block with a printing surface (usually in relief) obtained from a photograph; also, any one of the many methods of processes by which such a printing surface is obtained.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pho`to*typ"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to a phototype or phototypy.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pho`to*ty*pog"ra*phy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Photo- </i> + <i>typography</i>.] <def>Same as <u>Phototypy</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pho*tot"y*py</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The art or process of producing phototypes.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pho`to*xy*log"ra*phy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Photo- </i> + <i>xylography</i>.] <def>The process of producing a representation of an object on wood, by photography, for the use of the wood engraver.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pho`to*zin"co*graph</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A print made by photozincography.</def> — <wf>Pho`to*zin`co*graph"ic</wf>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Pho`to*zin*cog"ra*phy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Photo- </i> + <i>zincography</i>.] <def>A process, analogous to photolithography, for reproducing photographed impressions transferred to zinc plate.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phrag"mo*cone</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;, &?;, a fence, an inclosure + &?; a cone.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The thin chambered shell attached to the anterior end of a belemnite.</def> [Written also <i>phragmacone</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Phrag`mo*si"phon</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The siphon of a phragmocone.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phras"al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of the nature of a phrase; consisting of a phrase; as, a <i>phrasal</i> adverb.</def> <i>Earlc.</i></p>

<p><hw>Phrase</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., fr. L. <i>phrasis</i> diction, phraseology, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to speak.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A brief expression, sometimes a single word, but usually two or more words forming an expression by themselves, or being a portion of a sentence; as, an adverbial <i>phrase</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>"Convey" the wise it call. "Steal!" foh! a fico for the <i>phrase</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A short, pithy expression; especially, one which is often employed; a peculiar or idiomatic turn of speech; as, <i>to err is human</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A mode or form of speech; the manner or style in which any one expreses himself; diction; expression.</def> "<i>Phrases</i> of the hearth." <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Thou speak'st<BR> In better <i>phrase</i> and matter than thou didst.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Mus.)</i> <def>A short clause or portion of a period.</def></p>

<p>&fist; A composition consists first of sentences, or <i>periods</i>; these are subdivided into <i>sections</i>, and these into <i>phrases</i>.</p>

<p><col><b>Phrase book</b></col>, <cd>a book of idiomatic phrases.</cd> <i>J. S. Blackie.</i></p>

<p><hw>Phrase</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Phrased</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Phrasing</u>.] [Cf. F. <i>phraser</i>.] <def>To express in words, or in peculiar words; to call; to style.</def> "These suns — for so they <i>phrase</i> 'em." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Phrase</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To use proper or fine phrases.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Mus.)</i> <def>To group notes into phrases; as, he <i>phrases</i> well. See <u>Phrase</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, 4.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phrase"less</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Indescribable.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Phra"se*o*gram</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; a phrase + <i>-gram</i>.] <i>(Phonography)</i> <def>A symbol for a phrase.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Phra`se*o*log"ic</hw> (?), <hw>Phra`se*o*log"ic*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to phraseology; consisting of a peculiar form of words.</def> "This verbal or <i>phraseological</i> answer." <i>Bp. Pearson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Phra`se*ol"o*gist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A collector or coiner of phrases.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phra`se*ol"o*gy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;, &?;, phrase + <i>-logy</i>: cf. F. <i>phras&eacute;ologie</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Manner of expression; peculiarity of diction; style.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Most completely national in his . . . <i>phraseology</i>.</blockquote> <i>I. Taylor.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A collection of phrases; a phrase book.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Diction; style. See <u>Diction</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Phras"ing</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Method of expression; association of words.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Mus.)</i> <def>The act or method of grouping the notes so as to form distinct musical phrases.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phra"try</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Phratries</b></plw> (#). [Gr. &?;, &?;.] <i>(Gr. Antiq.)</i> <def>A subdivision of a phyle, or tribe, in Athens.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phre*at"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [F. <i>phr&eacute;atique</i>, from Gr. &?;, &?;, a well.] <i>(Geol.)</i> <def>Subterranean; — applied to sources supplying wells.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Phre*net"ic</hw> (?), <hw>Phre*net"ic*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>phreneticus</i>, Gr. &?;, &?;: cf. F. <i>phr&eacute;n&eacute;tique</i>. See <u>Frantic</u>, and cf. <u>Frenetic</u>.] <def>Relating to phrenitis; suffering from frenzy; delirious; mad; frantic; frenetic.</def> — <wf>Phre*net"ic*al*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Phre*net"ic</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who is phrenetic.</def> <i>Harvey.</i></p>

<p><! p. 1080 !></p>

<p><hw>Phren"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos>[Gr. &?;, &?;, the midriff, or diaphragm, the heart, the mind: cf. F. <i>phr&eacute;nique</i>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to the diaphragm; diaphragmatic; as, the <i>phrenic</i> nerve.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phren"ics</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>That branch of science which relates to the mind; mental philosophy.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Phre"nism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Phrenic</u>.] <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>See <i>Vital force</i>, under <u>Vital</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Phre*ni"tis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?;, &?;.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Inflammation of the brain, or of the meninges of the brain, attended with acute fever and delirium; — called also <i>cephalitis</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>See <u>Frenzy</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phre"no*graph</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;, &?;, the migriff + <i>-graph</i>.] <i>(Physiol.)</i> <def>An instrument for registering the movements of the diaphragm, or midriff, in respiration.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phre*nol"o*ger</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A phrenologist.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phren`o*log"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>phr&eacute;nologique</i>.] <def>Phrenological.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phren`o*log"ic*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to phrenology.</def> — <wf>Phren`o*log"ic*al*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Phre*nol"o*gist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>phr&eacute;nologiste</i>.] <def>One versed in phrenology; a craniologist.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phre*nol"o*gy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;, &?;, the mind + <i>-logy</i>: cf. F. <i>phr&eacute;nologie</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The science of the special functions of the several parts of the brain, or of the supposed connection between the various faculties of the mind and particular organs in the brain.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>In popular usage, the physiological hypothesis of Gall, that the mental faculties, and traits of character, are shown on the surface of the head or skull; craniology.</def> </p>

<p>&fist; Gall marked out on his model of the head the places of twenty-six organs, as round inclosures with vacant interspaces. Spurzheim and Combe divided the whole scalp into oblong and conterminous patches. <i>Encyc. Brit.</i></p>

<p><hw>Phre`no*mag"net*ism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;, &?;, the mind + E. <i>magnetism</i>.] <def>The power of exciting the organs of the brain by magnetic or mesmeric influence.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phre"no*sin</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Phrenic</u>.] <i>(Physiol. Chem.)</i> <def>A nitrogenous body, related to cerebrin, supposed to exist in the brain.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phren"sied</hw> (?), <pos><i>p. p. & a.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Frenzied</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phren"sy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Violent and irrational excitement; delirium. See <u>Frenzy</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phren"sy</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To render frantic.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phren"tic</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. & a.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Phrenetic</u>.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Phry*ga"ne*id</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any insect belonging to the Phryganeides.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Phryg`a*ne"i*des</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr. <i>Phryganea</i>, the typical genus, fr. Gr. &?; a dry stick.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A tribe of neuropterous insects which includes the caddice flies; — called also <i>Trichoptera</i>. See <u>Trichoptera</u>.</def> [Written also <i>Phryganides</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Phryg"i*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>Phrygius</i>, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; Phrygia, a country of Asia Minor.] <def>Of or pertaining to Phrygia, or to its inhabitants.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Phrygian mode</b></col> <i>(Mus.)</i>, <cd>one of the ancient Greek modes, very bold and vehement in style; — so called because fabled to have been invented by the <i>Phrygian</i> Marsyas.</cd> <i>Moore (Encyc. of Music).</i> — <col><b>Phrygian stone</b></col>, <cd>a light, spongy stone, resembling a pumice, — used by the ancients in dyeing, and said to be drying and astringent.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Phryg"i*an</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A native or inhabitant of Phrygia.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Eccl. Hist.)</i> <def>A Montanist.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phthal"ate</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A salt of phthalic acid.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phthal"e*in</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Phthalic</u>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>One of a series of artificial organic dyes made as condensation products of the phenols with phthalic acid, and well represented by phenol phthale&iuml;n. Their alkaline solutions are fluorescent.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Phenol phthalein</b></col>, <cd>a white or yellowish white crystalline substance made from phthalic acid and phenol. Its solution in alkalies is brilliant red, but is decolorized by acids, and as this reaction is exceedingly delicate it is used as an indicator.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Phthal"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Na<i>phthal</i>ene + <i>-ic</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, a dibasic acid obtained by the oxidation of naphthalene and allied substances.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Phthalic acid</b></col> <i>(Chem.)</i>, <cd>a white crystalline substance, C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>.(CO<sub>2</sub>H)<sub>2</sub>, analogous to benzoic acid, and employed in the brilliant dyestuffs called the phthaleins.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Phthal"ide</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Phthal</i>yl + anhydr<i>ide</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A lactone obtained by reduction of phthalyl chloride, as a white crystalline substance; hence, by extension, any one of the series of which phthalide proper is the type.</def> [Written also <i>phthalid</i>.] </p>

<p><hw>Phthal"i*mide</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Phthal</i>ic + <i>imide</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>An imido derivative of phthalic acid, obtained as a white crystalline substance, C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>.(CO)<sub>2</sub>NH, which has itself (like succinimide) acid properties, and forms a series of salts. Cf. <i>Imido acid</i>, under <u>Imido</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phthal"in</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A colorless crystalline substance obtained by reduction from phthale&iuml;n, into which it is easily converted by oxidation; hence, any one of the series of which phthalin proper is the type.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phthal"yl</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Phthal</i>ic + <i>-yl</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>The hypothetical radical of phthalic acid.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Phthi*ri"a*sis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; louse.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>A disease (<i>morbus pediculous</i>) consisting in the excessive multiplication of lice on the human body.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phthis"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Phthisis</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phthis"ic*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>phthisicus</i>, Gr. &?;: cf. F. <i>phthisique</i>. See <u>Phthisis</u>.] <def>Of or pertaining to phthisis; affected with phthisis; wasting; consumptive.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phthis"ick*y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having phthisis, or some symptom of it, as difficulty in breathing.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phthis`i*ol"o*gy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Phthisis</i> + <i>-logy</i>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>A treatise on phthisis.</def> <i>Dunglison.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>||Phthis`ip*neu*mo"ni*a</hw> (?), <hw>Phthis`ip*neu"mo*ny</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Phthisis</u>, <u>Pneumonia</u>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Pulmonary consumption.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phthi"sis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to pass or waste away: cf. F. <i>phthisie</i>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>A wasting or consumption of the tissues. The term was formerly applied to many wasting diseases, but is now usually restricted to pulmonary phthisis, or consumption. See <u>Consumption</u>.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Fibroid phthisis</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Fibroid</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Phthon"gal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; voice.] <def>Formed into, or characterized by, voice; vocalized; — said of all the vowels and the semivowels, also of the vocal or sonant consonants <i>g</i>, <i>d</i>, <i>b</i>, <i>l</i>, <i>r</i>, <i>v</i>, <i>z</i>, etc.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phthon"gal</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A vocalized element or letter.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phthon*gom"e*ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; voice + <i>-meter</i>.] <def>An instrument for measuring vocal sounds.</def> <i>Whewell.</i></p>

<p><hw>Phthor</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>phthore</i>, Gr. &?; to destroy.] <i>(Old Chem.)</i> <def>Fluorine.</def> [Written also <i>phthor</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Phy"cite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; seaweed.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>See <u>Erythrite</u>, 1.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phy"co*chrome</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; seaweed + &?; color.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A bluish green coloring matter of certain alg&aelig;.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Phy`co*cy"a*nin</hw> (?), <hw>Phy`co*cy"a*nine</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; seaweed + E. <i>cyanin</i>.] <def>A blue coloring matter found in certain alg&aelig;.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Phy`co*e*ryth"rin</hw> (?), <hw>Phy`co*e*ryth"rine</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; seaweed + E. <i>erythrin</i>, <i>- ine</i>.] <def>A red coloring matter found in alg&aelig; of the subclass <i>Floride&aelig;</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phy*cog"ra*phy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; seaweed + <i>-graphy</i>.] <def>A description of seaweeds.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phy*col"o*gy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; seaweed + <i>-logy</i>.] <def>The science of alg&aelig;, or seaweeds; algology.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Phy`co*ma"ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?; seaweed + L. <i>mater</i> mother.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A gelatin in which the alg&aelig; spores have been supposed to vegetate.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phy`co*ph&aelig;"ine</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; seaweed + (&?;) dusky.] <def>A brown coloring matter found in certain alg&aelig;.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Phy`co*xan"thin</hw> (?), <hw>Phy`co*xan"thine</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; seaweed + &?; yellow.] <def>A yellowish coloring matter found in certain alg&aelig;.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phy*lac"ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A phylactery.</def> <i>Sandys.</i></p>

<p><hw>Phy*lac"tered</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Wearing a phylactery.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Phyl`ac*ter"ic</hw> (?), <hw>Phyl`ac*ter"ic*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to phylacteries.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phy*lac"ter*y</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Phylacteries</b></plw> (#). [OE. <i>filateri</i>, OF. <i>filatire</i>, <i>filatiere</i>, F. <i>phylact&egrave;re</i>, L. <i>phylacterium</i>, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; a watcher, guard, &?; to watch, guard. Cf. <u>Philatory</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Any charm or amulet worn as a preservative from danger or disease.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A small square box, made either of parchment or of black calfskin, containing slips of parchment or vellum on which are written the scriptural passages Exodus xiii. 2-10, and 11-17, Deut. vi. 4-9, 13-22. They are worn by Jews on the head and left arm, on week-day mornings, during the time of prayer.</def> <i>Schaff-Herzog Encyc.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Among the primitive Christians, a case in which the relics of the dead were inclosed.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phy*lac"to*carp</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; to guard + &?; fruit.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A branch of a plumularian hydroid specially modified in structure for the protection of the gonothec&aelig;.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>||Phy*lac`to*l&aelig;"ma</hw> (?), <hw>||Phy*lac`to*l&aelig;"ma*ta</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?; to guard + &?; the gullet.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>An order of fresh-water Bryozoa in which the tentacles are arranged on a horseshoe-shaped lophophore, and the mouth is covered by an epistome. Called also <i>Lophopoda</i>, and <i>hippocrepians</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phy*lac`to*l&aelig;"ma*tous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to the Phylactol&aelig;ma.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>||Phy*lac`to*le"ma</hw> (?), <hw>||Phy*lac`to*le"ma*ta</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Phylactol&aelig;ma</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phy"larch</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>phylarchus</i>, Gr. &?;. See <u>Phyle</u>, and <u>-arch</u>.] <i>(Gr. Antiq.)</i> <def>The chief of a phyle, or tribe.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phy"larch*y</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;.] <def>The office of a phylarch; government of a class or tribe.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Phy"le</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Phyl&aelig;</b></plw> (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a body of men united by ties of blood or habitation.] <def>A local division of the people in ancient Athens; a clan; a tribe.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phyl"lite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Phylo-</u>.] <i>(Min.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A mineral related to ottrelite.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>Clay slate; argillaceous schist.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phyl"lo-</hw> (?). <def>A combining form from Gr. &?; <i>a leaf</i>; as, <i>phyllo</i>pod, <i>phyllo</i>taxy.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Phyl`lo*bran"chi*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Phyllobranci&aelig;</b></plw> (#). [NL. See <u>Phyllo-</u>, and <u>Branchia</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A crustacean gill composed of lamell&aelig;.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Phyl`lo*cla"di*um</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Phyllocladia</b></plw> (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a leaf + &?; a sprout.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A flattened stem or branch which more or less resembles a leaf, and performs the function of a leaf as regards respiration and assimilation.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phyl`lo*cy"a*nin</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Phyllo-</i> + <i>cyanin</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A blue coloring matter extracted from chlorophyll.</def> [Written also <i>phyllocyanine</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Phyl"lo*cyst</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Phyllo-</i> + <i>cyst</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The cavity of a hydrophyllium.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phyl"lode</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Phyllodium</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phyl`lo*din"eous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Having phyllodia; relating to phyllodia.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Phyl*lo"di*um</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Phyllodia</b></plw> (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; leaflike; &?; leaf + &?; form.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A petiole dilated into the form of a blade, and usually with vertical edges, as in the Australian acacias.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phyl"lo*dy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Phyllodium</u>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A retrograde metamorphosis of the floral organs to the condition of leaves.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phyl"loid</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Phyllo-</i> + <i>- oid</i>.] <def>Resembling a leaf.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phyl`lo*ma"ni*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Phyllo-</i> + <i>mania</i>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>An abnormal or excessive production of leaves.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phyl"lome</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; foliage, fr. &?; a leaf.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A foliar part of a plant; any organ homologous with a leaf, or produced by metamorphosis of a leaf.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Phyl`lo*mor*pho"sis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Phyllo-</u>, <u>Morphosis</u>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The succession and variation of leaves during different seasons.</def> <i>R. Brown.</i></p>

<p><hw>Phyl*loph"a*gan</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Phyllo-</i> + Gr. &?; to eat.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>One of a group of marsupials including the phalangists.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>One of a tribe of beetles which feed upon the leaves of plants, as the chafers.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phyl*loph"a*gous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Substituting on leaves; leaf- eating.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phyl*loph"o*rous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Phyllo-</i> + Gr. &?; to bear.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Leaf-bearing; producing leaves.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phyl"lo*pod</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of the Phyllopoda. [Also used adjectively.]</def></p>

<p><hw>||Phyl*lop"o*da</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a leaf + <i>-poda</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>An order of Entomostraca including a large number of species, most of which live in fresh water. They have flattened or leaflike legs, often very numerous, which they use in swimming. Called also <i>Branchiopoda</i>.</def></p>

<p>&fist; In some, the body is covered with a bivalve shell (<i>Holostraca</i>); in others, as Apus, by a shield-shaped carapace (<i>Monostraca</i>); in others, like Artemia, there is no carapace, and the body is regularly segmented. Sometimes the group is made to include also the Cladocera.</p>

<p><hw>Phyl*lop"o*dous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to the Phyllopoda.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phyl"lo*rhine</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Phyllo-</i> + Gr. &?;, &?;, the nose.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to <i>Phyllorhina</i> and other related genera of bats that have a leaflike membrane around the nostrils.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Phyl`lo*so"ma</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Phyllo-</u>, and <u>-some</u> body.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The larva of the spiny lobsters (<i>Palinurus</i> and allied genera). Its body is remarkably thin, flat, and transparent; the legs are very long. Called also <i>glass-crab</i>, and <i>glass- shrimp</i>.</def></p>

<p><! p. 1081 !></p>

<p><hw>Phyl"lo*stome</hw> (f&ibreve;l"l&osl;*st&omacr;m), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Phyllo-</i> + Gr. <grk>sto`ma</grk> mouth.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any bat of the genus <i>Phyllostoma</i>, or allied genera, having large membranes around the mouth and nose; a nose-leaf bat.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phyl*los"to*mid</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A phyllostome.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phyl`lo*tac"tic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to phyllotaxy.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Phyl"lo*tax`y</hw> (?), <hw>Phyl"lo*tax`is</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Phyllo-</i> + Gr. <grk>ta`xis</grk> order.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The order or arrangement of leaves on the stem; the science of the relative position of leaves.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phyl"lous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Homologous with a leaf; as, the sepals, petals, stamens, and pistils are <i>phyllous</i> organs.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phyl`lo*xan"thin</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Phyllo-</i> + Gr. &?; yellow.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A yellow coloring matter extracted from chlorophyll.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phyl`lox*e"ra</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?; leaf + &?; dry.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A small hemipterous insect (<i>Phylloxera vastatrix</i>) allied to the aphids. It attacks the roots and leaves of the grapevine, doing great damage, especially in Europe.</def></p>

<p>&fist; It exists in several forms, some of which are winged, other wingless. One form produces galls on the leaves and twigs, another affects the roots, causing galls or swellings, and often killing the vine.</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The diseased condition of a vine caused by the insect just described.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Phy`lo*gen"e*sis</hw> (?), <hw>Phy*log"e*ny</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; tribe + E. <i>genesis</i>, or root of Gr. &?; to be born.] <def>The history of genealogical development; the race history of an animal or vegetable type; the historic exolution of the <i>phylon</i> or tribe, in distinction from <i>ontogeny</i>, or the development of the individual organism, and from <i>biogenesis</i>, or life development generally.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phy*lo*ge*net"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Relating to phylogenesis, or the race history of a type of organism.</def> — <wf>Phy*lo*ge*net"ic*al*ly</wf> (#), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>||Phy"lon</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Phyla</b></plw> (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; race, tribe.] <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>A tribe.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Phy"lum</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Phyla</b></plw> (#). [NL. See <u>Phylon</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of the larger divisions of the animal kingdom; a branch; a grand division.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Phy"ma</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Phymata</b></plw> (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to produce.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>A tubercle on any external part of the body.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Phy"sa</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a bellows.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A genus of fresh-water Pulmonifera, having reversed spiral shells. See <i>Pond snail</i>, under <u>Pond</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Phy*sa"li*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a bladder, fr. &?; a bellows.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A genus of large oceanic Siphonophora which includes the Portuguese man-of- war.</def></p>

<p>&fist; It has a large air sac, or float, with a sail-like crest on its upper side. Numerous zooids of different kinds are attached to the under side of the float. Some of the zooids have very long tentacles; some have a mouth and digest food; others produce gonophores. The American species (<i>Physalia arethusa</i>) is brilliantly colored, the float being pink or purple, and bright blue; the zooids blue. It is noted for its virulent stinging powers, as well as for its beautiful colors, graceful motions, and its ability to sail to windward.</p>

<p><hw>||Phy*sa"li*&aelig;</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>An order of Siphonophora which includes Physalia.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Phys`e*ma"ri*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., from Gr. &?; a blowing.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A group of simple marine organisms, usually classed as the lowest of the sponges. They have inflated hollow bodies.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phy*se"ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to blow: cf. F. <i>phys&eacute;t&egrave;re</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The genus that includes the sperm whale.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A filtering machine operated by air pressure.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phys`i*an"thro*py</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>fy`sis</grk> nature + &?; man.] <def>The philosophy of human life, or the doctrine of the constitution and diseases of man, and their remedies.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phys"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>phisike</i>, <i>fisike</i>, OF. <i>phisique</i>, F. <i>physique</i> knowledge of nature, physics, L. <i>physica</i>, <i>physice</i>, fr. Gr. &?;, fr. <grk>fysiko`s</grk> natural, from <grk>fy`sis</grk> nature, fr. &?; to produce, grow, akin to E. <i>be</i>. See <u>Be</u>, and cf. <u>Physics</u>, <u>Physique</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The art of healing diseases; the science of medicine; the theory or practice of medicine.</def> "A doctor of <i>physik</i>." <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A specific internal application for the cure or relief of sickness; a remedy for disease; a medicine.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Specifically, a medicine that purges; a cathartic.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>A physician.</def> [R.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Physic nut</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>a small tropical American euphorbiaceous tree (<i>Jatropha Curcas</i>), and its seeds, which are well flavored, but contain a drastic oil which renders them dangerous if eaten in large quantities.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Phys"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Physiced</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Physicking</u> (?).] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To treat with physic or medicine; to administer medicine to, esp. a cathartic; to operate on as a cathartic; to purge.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To work on as a remedy; to heal; to cure.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The labor we delight in <i>physics</i> pain.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>A mind diseased no remedy can <i>physic</i>.</blockquote> <i>Byron.</i></p>

<p><hw>Phys"ic*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Of or pertaining to nature (as including all created existences); in accordance with the laws of nature; also, of or relating to natural or material things, or to the bodily structure, as opposed to things mental, moral, spiritual, or imaginary; material; natural; as, armies and navies are the <i>physical</i> force of a nation; the body is the <i>physical</i> part of man.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Labor, in the <i>physical</i> world, is . . . employed in putting objects in motion.</blockquote> <i>J. S. Mill.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>A society sunk in ignorance, and ruled by mere <i>physical</i> force.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Of or pertaining to physics, or natural philosophy; treating of, or relating to, the causes and connections of natural phenomena; as, <i>physical</i> science; <i>physical</i> laws.</def> "<i>Physical</i> philosophy." <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Perceptible through a bodily or material organization; cognizable by the senses; external; as, the <i>physical</i>, opposed to <i>chemical</i>, characters of a mineral.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Of or pertaining to physic, or the art of medicine; medicinal; curative; healing; also, cathartic; purgative.</def> [Obs.] "<i>Physical</i> herbs." <i>Sir T. North.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Is Brutus sick? and is it <i>physical</i><BR> To walk unbraced, and suck up the humors<BR> Of the dank morning?</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Physical astronomy</b></col>, <cd>that part of astronomy which treats of the causes of the celestial motions; specifically, that which treats of the motions resulting from universal gravitation.</cd> — <col><b>Physical education</b></col>, <cd>training of the bodily organs and powers with a view to the promotion of health and vigor.</cd> — <col><b>Physical examination</b></col> <i>(Med.)</i>, <cd>an examination of the bodily condition of a person.</cd> — <col><b>Physical geography</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Geography</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Physical point</b></col>, <cd>an indefinitely small portion of matter; a point conceived as being without extension, yet having physical properties, as weight, inertia, momentum, etc.; a material point.</cd> — <col><b>Physical signs</b></col> <i>(Med.)</i>, <cd>the objective signs of the bodily state afforded by a physical examination.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Phys"ic*al*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a physical manner; according to the laws of nature or physics; by physical force; not morally.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I am not now treating <i>physically</i> of light or colors.</blockquote> <i>Locke.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>According to the rules of medicine.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>He that lives <i>physically</i> must live miserably.</blockquote> <i>Cheyne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Phy*si"cian</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>fisician</i>, <i>fisicien</i>, OF. <i>physucien</i>, a physician, in F., a natural philosopher, an experimentalist in physics. See <u>Physic</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A person skilled in physic, or the art of healing; one duty authorized to prescribe remedies for, and treat, diseases; a doctor of medicine.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Hence, figuratively, one who ministers to moral diseases; as, a <i>physician</i> of the soul.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phy*si"cianed</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Licensed as a physician.</def> [Obs.] "A <i>physicianed</i> apothecary." <i>Walpole.</i></p>

<p><hw>Phys"i*cism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The tendency of the mind toward, or its preoccupation with, physical phenomena; materialism in philosophy and religion.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Anthropomorphism grows into theology, while <i>physicism</i> (if I may so call it) develops into science.</blockquote> <i>Huxley.</i></p>

<p><hw>Phys"i*cist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One versed in physics.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>A believer in the theory that the fundamental phenomena of life are to be explained upon purely chemical and physical principles; — opposed to <i>vitalist</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phys"ick*ing</hw> (?), <def><pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> fr. <u>Physic</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos></def></p>

<p><hw>Phys"i*co-</hw> (?). [Fr. Gr. &?; natural, physical.] <def>A combining form, denoting <i>relation to</i>, or <i>dependence upon</i>, <i>natural causes</i>, or <i>the science of physics</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phys`i*co*chem"ic*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Physico-</i> + <i>chemical</i>.] <def>Involving the principles of both physics and chemistry; dependent on, or produced by, the joint action of physical and chemical agencies.</def> <i>Huxley.</i></p>

<p><hw>Phys`i*co*log"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Physico- </i> + <i>logic</i>.] <def>Logic illustrated by physics.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phys`i*co*log"ic*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to physicologic.</def> <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><hw>Phys`i*col"o*gy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Physico-</i> + <i>-logy</i>.] <def>Physics.</def> [R.] — <wf>Phys`i*col"o*gist</wf> (#), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Phys`i*co-math`e*mat"ics</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Physico-</i> + <i>mathematics</i>.] <def>Mixed mathematics.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phys`i*co-phi*los"o*phy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Physico-</i> + <i>philosophy</i>.] <def>The philosophy of nature.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phys`i*co-the*ol"o*gy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Physico-</i> + <i>theology</i>.] <def>Theology or divinity illustrated or enforced by physics or natural philosophy.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phys"ics</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Physic</u>.] <def>The science of nature, or of natural objects; that branch of science which treats of the laws and properties of matter, and the forces acting upon it; especially, that department of natural science which treats of the causes (as gravitation, heat, light, magnetism, electricity, etc.) that modify the general properties of bodies; natural philosophy.</def></p>

<p>&fist; <i>Chemistry</i>, though a branch of <i>general physics</i>, is commonly treated as a science by itself, and the application of physical principles which it involves constitute a branch called <i>chemical physics</i>, which treats more especially of those physical properties of matter which are used by chemists in defining and distinguishing substances.</p>

<p><hw>Phys"i*o*crat</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>fy`sis</grk> nature + &?; to rule.] <def>One of the followers of Quesnay of France, who, in the 18th century, founded a system of political economy based upon the supremacy of natural order.</def> <i>F. A. Walker.</i> — <wf>Phys`i*o*crat"ic</wf> (#), <pos><i>a.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Phys`i*og"e*ny</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>fy`sis</grk> nature + root of &?; to be born.] <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>The germ history of the functions, or the history of the development of vital activities, in the individual, being one of the branches of ontogeny. See <u>Morphogeny</u>.</def> <i>Haeckel.</i></p>

<p><hw>Phys`i*og"no*mer</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Physiognomist.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Phys`i*og*nom"ic</hw> (?), <hw>Phys`i*og*nom"ic*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;: cf. F. <i>physiognomonique</i>.] <def>Of or pertaining to physiognomy; according with the principles of physiognomy.</def> — <wf>Phys`i*og*nom"ic*al*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Phys`i*og*nom"ist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Physiognomy</u>, 1.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phys`i*og"no*mist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>physiognomiste</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One skilled in physiognomy.</def> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>One who tells fortunes by physiognomy.</def> <i>Holland.</i></p>

<p><hw>Phys`i*og"no*mize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To observe and study the physiognomy of.</def> [R.] <i>Southey.</i></p>

<p><hw>Phys`i*og`no*mmon"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Physiognomic.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phys`i*og"no*my</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Physiognomies</b></plw> (#). [OE. <i>fisonomie</i>, <i>phisonomie</i>, <i>fisnamie</i>, OF. <i>phisonomie</i>, F. <i>physiognomie</i>, <i>physiognomonie</i>, from Gr. &?;; <grk>fy`sis</grk> nature + &?; one who knows or examines, a judge, fr. &?;, &?;, to know. See <u>Physic</u>, and <u>Know</u>, and cf. <u>Phiz</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The art and science of discovering the predominant temper, and other characteristic qualities of the mind, by the outward appearance, especially by the features of the face.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The face or countenance, with respect to the temper of the mind; particular configuration, cast, or expression of countenance, as denoting character.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>The art telling fortunes by inspection of the features.</def> [Obs.] <i>Bale.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>The general appearance or aspect of a thing, without reference to its scientific characteristics; as, the <i>physiognomy</i> of a plant, or of a meteor.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phys`i*og"o*ny</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>fy`sis</grk> nature + <grk>go`nos</grk> birth.] <def>The birth of nature.</def> [R.] <i>Coleridge.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Phys`i*o*graph"ic</hw> (?), <hw>Phys`i*o*graph"ic*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>physiographique</i>.] <def>Of or pertaining to physiography.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phys`i*og"ra*phy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>fy`sis</grk> nature + <i>-graphy</i>: cf. F. <i>physiographie</i>.] <def>The science which treats of the earth's exterior physical features, climate, life, etc., and of the physical movements or changes on the earth's surface, as the currents of the atmosphere and ocean, the secular variations in heat, moisture, magnetism, etc.; physical geography.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phys`i*ol"a*try</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>fy`sis</grk> nature + &?; service.] <def>The worship of the powers or agencies of nature; materialism in religion; nature worship.</def> "The <i>physiolatry</i> of the Vedas." <i>M. Williams.</i></p>

<p><hw>Phys`i*ol"o*ger</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A physiologist.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phys`i*o*log"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>physiologicus</i>, Gr. &?;: cf. F. <i>physiologique</i>.] <def>Physiological.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phys`i*o*log"ic*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to physiology; relating to the science of the functions of living organism; as, <i>physiological</i> botany or chemistry.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phys`i*o*log"ic*al*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a physiological manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phys`i*ol"o*gist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>physiologiste</i>.] <def>One who is versed in the science of physiology; a student of the properties and functions of animal and vegetable organs and tissues.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phys`i*ol"o*gize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To speculate in physiology; to make physiological investigations.</def> <i>Cudworth.</i></p>

<p><hw>Phys`i*ol"o*gy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Physiologies</b></plw> (#). [L. <i>physiologia</i>, Gr. &?;; <grk>fy`sis</grk> nature + &?; discourse: cf. F. <i>physiologie</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The science which treats of the phenomena of living organisms; the study of the processes incidental to, and characteristic of, life.</def></p>

<p>&fist; It is divided into <i>animal</i> and <i>vegetable physiology</i>, dealing with animal and vegetable life respectively. When applied especially to a study of the functions of the organs and tissues in man, it is called <i>human physiology</i>.</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A treatise on physiology.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Mental physiology</b></col>, <cd>the science of the functions and phenomena of the mind, as distinguished from a philosophical explanation of the same.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Phys`i*oph"y*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>fy`sis</grk> nature + &?; a clan.] <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>The tribal history of the functions, or the history of the paleontological development of vital activities, — being a branch of <i>phylogeny</i>. See <u>Morphophyly</u>.</def> <i>Haeckel.</i></p>

<p><hw>Phy*sique"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. See <u>Physic</u>.] <def>The natural constitution, or physical structure, of a person.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>With his white hair and splendid <i>physique</i>.</blockquote> <i>Mrs. Stowe.</i></p>

<p><hw>Phys"no*my</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Physiogmony.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Phys"o*clist</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of the Physoclisti.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Phys`o*clis"ti</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a bellows + &?; to close.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>An order of teleost in which the air bladder has no opening.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phys"o*grade</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; a bellows + L. <i>gradi</i> to walk, go.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any siphonophore which has an air sac for a float, as the Physalia.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Phy*soph"o*r&aelig;</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a bellows + &?; to bear.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>An order of Siphonophora, furnished with an air sac, or float, and a series of nectocalyces. See <i>Illust.</i> under <u>Nectocalyx</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phy"so*pod</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of the Physopoda; a thrips.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Phy*sop"o*da</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a bellows + <i>-poda</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Thysanoptera</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phy`so*stig"mine</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>An alkaloid found in the Calabar bean (the seed of <i>Physostigma venenosum</i>), and extracted as a white, tasteless, substance, amorphous or crystalline; — formerly called <i>eserine</i>, with which it was regarded as identical.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Phy*sos"to*mi</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a bellows + &?; mouth.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>An order of fishes in which the air bladder is provided with a duct, and the ventral fins, when present, are abdominal. It includes the salmons, herrings, carps, catfishes, and others.</def></p>

<p><! p. 1082 !></p>

<p><hw>Phy*sos"to*mous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>Having a duct to the air bladder.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>Pertaining to the Physostomi.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Phy*tel"e*phas</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a plant + &?; the elephant; also, ivory.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A genus of South American palm trees, the seeds of which furnish the substance called <i>vegetable ivory</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phy*tiv"o*rous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Phyto-</i> + L. <i>vorare</i> to eat greedily.] <def>Feeding on plants or herbage; phytophagous; as, <i>phytivorous</i> animals.</def> <i>Ray.</i></p>

<p><hw>Phy"to-</hw> (?). [See <u>Physic</u>.] <def>A combining form from Gr. <grk>fyto`n</grk> <i>a plant</i>; as, <i>phyto</i>chemistry, <i>phyto</i>graphy.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phy`to*chem"ic*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Relating to phytochemistry.</def> <i>R. Hunt.</i></p>

<p><hw>Phy"to*chem"is*try</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Phyto- </i> + <i>chemistry</i>.] <def>Chemistry in its relation to vegetable bodies; vegetable chemistry.</def> <i>R. Hunt.</i></p>

<p><hw>Phy*toch"i*my</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>phytochimie</i>; Gr. &?; a plant + F. <i>chimie</i> chemistry.] <def>Phytochemistry.</def> [Obsoles.]</p>

<p>{ <hw>Phy`to*gen"e*sis</hw> (?), <hw>Phy*tog"e*ny</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Phyto-</i> + <i>genesis</i>, or root of Gr. &?; to be born.] <def>The doctrine of the generation of plants.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phy`to*ge"o*graph"ic*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to phytogeography.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phy`to*ge*og"ra*phy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Phyto- </i> + <i>geography</i>.] <def>The geographical distribution of plants.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phy`to*glyph"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Relating to phytoglyphy.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phy*tog"ly*phy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Phyto-</i> + Gr. &?; to engrave.] <def>See <i>Nature printing</i>, under <u>Nature</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phy`to*graph"ic*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>phytographique</i>.] <def>Of or pertaining to phytography.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phy*tog"ra*phy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Phyto-</i> + <i>-graphy</i>: cf. F. <i>phytographie</i>.] <def>The science of describing plants in a systematic manner; also, a description of plants.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phy"toid</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Phyto-</i> + <i>- oid</i>.] <def>Resembling a plant; plantlike.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Phy`to*lac"ca</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?; plant + It. <i>lacca</i> lac.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A genus of herbaceous plants, some of them having berries which abound in intensely red juice; poke, or pokeweed.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phy"to*lite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Phyto-</i> + <i>-lite</i>: cf. F. <i>phytolithe</i>.] <def>An old name for a fossil plant.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phy`to*li*thol"o*gist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One versed in phytolithology; a paleobotanist.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phy`to*li*thol"o*gy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Phyto- </i> + <i>lithology</i>.] <def>The branch of science which treats of fossil plants; — usually called <i>paleobotany</i>, sometimes <i>paleophytology</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phy`to*log"ic*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>phytologique</i>.] <def>Of or pertaining to phytology; botanical.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phy*tol"o*gist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One skilled in phytology; a writer on plants; a botanist.</def> <i>Evelyn.</i></p>

<p><hw>Phy*tol"o*gy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Phyto-</i> + <i>-logy</i>: cf. F. <i>phytologie</i>.] <def>The science of plants; a description of the kinds and properties of plants; botany.</def> <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Phy"to*mer</hw> (?), <hw>Phy*tom"e*ron</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL. <i>phytomeron</i>, fr. Gr. &?; plant + &?; share.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>An organic element of a flowering plant; a phyton.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Phy"ton</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Phytons</b></plw> (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; plant.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>One of the parts which by their repetition make up a flowering plant, each being a single joint of a stem with its leaf or leaves; a phytomer.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phy*ton"o*my</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Phyto-</i> + Gr. &?; law: cf. F. <i>phytonomie</i>.] <def>The science of the origin and growth of plants.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phy`to*pa*thol"o*gist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One skilled in diseases of plants.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phy`to*pa*thol"o*gy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Phyto- </i> + <i>pathology</i>.] <def>The science of diseases to which plants are liable.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Phy*toph"a*ga</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a plant + &?; to eat.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A division of Hymenoptera; the sawflies.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phy`to*phag"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Phytophagous.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phy*toph"a*gous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Phyto-</i> + Gr. &?; to eat.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Feeding on plants; herbivorous; as, a <i>phytophagous</i> animal.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phy*toph"a*gy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The eating of plants.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phy`to*phys`i*ol"o*gy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Phyto- </i> + <i>physiology</i>.] <def>Vegetable physiology.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phy*tot"o*mist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One versed in phytotomy.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phy*tot"o*my</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Phyto-</i> + Gr. &?; to cut.] <def>The dissection of plants; vegetable anatomy.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Phy`to*zo*a"ri*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Phytozo&ouml;n</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Infusoria</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Phy`to*zo"&ouml;n</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Phytozoa</b></plw> (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; + &?; an animal.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A plantlike animal. The term is sometimes applied to zo&ouml;phytes.</def></p>

<p><hw>Phyz</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Phiz</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pi</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Pica</u>, <u>Pie</u> magpie, service-book.] <i>(Print.)</i> <def>A mass of type confusedly mixed or unsorted.</def> [Written also <i>pie</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Pi</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Pied</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Pieing</u> (?).] <i>(Print.)</i> <def>To put into a mixed and disordered condition, as type; to mix and disarrange the type of; as, to <i>pi</i> a form.</def> [Written also <i>pie</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Pi*a&ccedil;"a*ba</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Piassava</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pi"a*cle</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>piaculum</i> a propitiatory sacrifice, that which requires expiation, a wicked action, fr. <i>piare</i> to appease, to expiate, <i>pius</i> pious.] <def>A heinous offense which requires expiation.</def> [R.] <i>Howell.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pi*ac"u*lar</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>piacularis</i>: cf. F. <i>piaculaire</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Expiatory; atoning.</def> <i>Sir G. C. Lewis.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Requiring expiation; criminal; atrociously bad.</def> "<i>Piacular</i> pollution." <i>De Quincey.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pi*ac`u*lar"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality or state of being piacular; criminality; wickedness.</def> <i>De Quincey.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pi*ac"u*lous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Piacular</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pi"al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Pertaining to the pia mater.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pi"a ma"ter</hw> (?). [NL., fr. L. <i>pia</i> (fem. of <i>pius</i> tender, kind) + <i>mater</i> mother.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>The delicate and highly vascular membrane immediately investing the brain and spinal cord.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pian</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Pg. <i>pian</i>, <i>epian</i>, or. Sp. <i>pian</i>; from the native name in South America: cf. F. <i>pian</i>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>The yaws. See <u>Yaws</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pi"a*net`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. <u>Pie</u> magpie.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The magpie.</def> [Written also <i>pianate</i>, and <i>pyenate</i>.] <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The lesser woodpecker.</def> [Obs.] <i>Bailey.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pi*a*nette"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Dim. of <i>piano</i>.] <i>(Mus.)</i> <def>A small piano; a pianino.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pi`a*ni"no</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [It., dim. of <i>piano</i>, adj. See <u>Piano</u>.] <i>(Mus.)</i> <def>A pianette, or small piano.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pi`a*nis"si*mo</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos>[It., superl. of <i>piano</i>.] <i>(Mus.)</i> <def>Very soft; — a direction to execute a passage as softly as possible. (Abbrev. <i>pp</i>.)</def></p>

<p><hw>Pi*an"ist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>pianiste</i>, It. <i>pianista</i>.] <def>A performer, esp. a skilled performer, on the piano.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pi*a"no</hw> (?), <pos><i>a. & adv.</i></pos> [It., even, smooth, soft, fr. L. <i>planus</i> even, level.] <i>(Mus.)</i> <def>Soft; — a direction to the performer to execute a certain passage softly, and with diminished volume of tone. (Abbrev. p.)</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pi*an"o</hw> (?), <hw>Pi*an"o*for`te</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [It. <i>piano</i> soft (fr. L. <i>planus</i> even, smooth; see <u>Plain</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>) + It. <i>forte</i> strong, fr. L. <i>fortis</i> (see <u>Fort</u>).] <i>(Mus.)</i> <def>A well-known musical instrument somewhat resembling the harpsichord, and consisting of a series of wires of graduated length, thickness, and tension, struck by hammers moved by keys.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Dumb piano</b></col>. <cd>See <u>Digitorium</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Grand piano</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Grand</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Square piano</b></col>, <cd>one with a horizontal frame and an oblong case.</cd> — <col><b>Upright piano</b></col>, <cd>one with an upright frame and vertical wires.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pi*an"o*graph</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Piano</i> + <i>-graph</i>.] <i>(Mus.)</i> <def>A form of melodiograph applied to a piano.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pi"a*pec</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. <u>Pie</u> a magpie.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A West African pie (<i>Ptilostomus Senegalensis</i>).</def></p>

<p><hw>Pi"a*rist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>pius</i> pious.] <i>(R. C. Ch.)</i> <def>One of a religious order who are the regular clerks of the <i>Scuole Pie</i> (religious schools), an institute of secondary education, founded at Rome in the last years of the 16th century.</def> <i>Addis & Arnold.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pi*as"sa*va</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Pg. <i>piasaba</i>.] <def>A fibrous product of two Brazilian palm trees (<i>Attalea funifera</i> and <i>Leopoldinia Piassaba</i>), — used in making brooms, and for other purposes. Called also <i>pia&ccedil;aba</i> and <i>piasaba</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pi*as"ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>piastre</i>, It. <i>piastra</i> a thin plate of metal, a dollar, LL. <i>piastra</i>, fr. L. <i>emplastrum</i>. See <u>Plaster</u>.] <def>A silver coin of Spain and various other countries. See <u>Peso</u>. The Spanish piaster (commonly called <i>peso</i>, or <i>peso duro</i>) is of about the value of the American dollar. The Italian piaster, or scudo, was worth from 80 to 100 cents. The Turkish and Egyptian piasters are now worth about four and a half cents.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pi*as"tre</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Piaster</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pi*a"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>piatio</i>. See <u>Piacle</u>.] <def>The act of making atonement; expiation.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>||Pi*at"ti</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [It., prop., plates.] <i>(Mus.)</i> <def>Cymbals.</def> [Written also <i>pyatti</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Pi*az"za</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Piazzas</b></plw> (#). [It., place, square, market place, L. <i>platea</i> street, courtyard. See <u>Place</u>.] <def>An open square in a European town, especially an Italian town; hence <i>(Arch.)</i>, an arcaded and roofed gallery; a portico. In the United States the word is popularly applied to a veranda.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>We walk by the obelisk, and meditate in <i>piazzas</i>.</blockquote> <i>Jer. Taylor.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pib"corn`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [W. <i>pib</i> pipe + <i>corn</i> horn.] <i>(Mus.)</i> <def>A wind instrument or pipe, with a horn at each end, — used in Wales.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pi"broch</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gael. <i>piobaireachd</i> pipe music, fr. <i>piobair</i> a piper, fr. <i>pioba</i> pipe, bagpipe, from English. See <u>Pipe</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <def>A Highland air, suited to the particular passion which the musician would either excite or assuage; generally applied to those airs that are played on the bagpipe before the Highlanders when they go out to battle.</def> <i>Jamieson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pic</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>pic</i>.] <def>A Turkish cloth measure, varying from 18 to 28 inches.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pi"ca</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>pica</i> a pie, magpie; in sense 3 prob. named from some resemblance to the colors of the magpie. Cf. <u>Pie</u> magpie.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The genus that includes the magpies.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>A vitiated appetite that craves what is unfit for food, as chalk, ashes, coal, etc.; chthonophagia.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(R. C. Ch.)</i> <def>A service-book. See <u>Pie</u>.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Print.)</i> <def>A size of type next larger than small pica, and smaller than English.</def></p>

<p>&fist; <picatype>This line is printed in <i>pica</i></picatype></p>

<p>&fist; <i>Pica</i> is twice the size of nonpareil, and is used as a standard of measurement in casting leads, cutting rules, etc., and also as a standard by which to designate several larger kinds of type, as <i>double pica</i>, <i>two-line pica</i>, <i>four-line pica</i>, and the like.</p>

<p><col><b>Small pica</b></col> <i>(Print.)</i>, <cd>a size of type next larger than long primer, and smaller than pica.</cd></p>

<p>&fist; <smpicatype>This line is printed in <i>small pica</i></smpicatype></p>

<p><hw>||Pic`a*dor"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Sp.] <def>A horseman armed with a lance, who in a bullfight receives the first attack of the bull, and excites him by picking him without attempting to kill him.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pic"a*mar`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>pix</i>, <i>picis</i>, pitch + <i>amarus</i> bitter.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>An oily liquid hydrocarbon extracted from the creosote of beechwood tar. It consists essentially of certain derivatives of pyrogallol.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pic"a*pare</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The finfoot.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pic"ard</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Eccl. Hist.)</i> <def>One of a sect of Adamites in the fifteenth century; — so called from one <i>Picard</i> of Flanders. See <u>Adamite</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pic`a*resque"</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [F., fr. Sp. <i>picaro</i> rogue.] <def>Applied to that class of literature in which the principal personage is the Spanish <i>picaro</i>, meaning a rascal, a knave, a rogue, an adventurer.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pi*ca"ri*&aelig;</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr. L. <i>picus</i> a woodpecker.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>An extensive division of birds which includes the woodpeckers, toucans, trogons, hornbills, kingfishers, motmots, rollers, and goatsuckers. By some writers it is made to include also the cuckoos, swifts, and humming birds.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pi*ca"ri*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to Picari&aelig;.</def> — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One of the Picari&aelig;.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pic`a*roon"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Sp. <i>picaron</i>, aug. of <i>picaro</i> roguish, n., a rogue.] <def>One who plunders; especially, a plunderer of wrecks; a pirate; a corsair; a marauder; a sharper.</def> <i>Sir W. Temple.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pic`a*yune"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From the language of the Caribs.] <def>A small coin of the value of six and a quarter cents. See <u>Fippenny bit</u>.</def> [Local, U.S.]</p>

<p><hw>Pic`a*yun"ish</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Petty; paltry; mean; as, a <i>picayunish</i> business.</def> [Colloq. U.S.]</p>

<p>{ <hw>Pic"ca*dil</hw> (?), <hw>Pic`ca*dil"ly</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>piccagilles</i> the several divisions of pieces fastened together about the brim of the collar of a doublet, a dim. fr. Sp. <i>picado</i>, p. p. of <i>picar</i> to prick. See <u>Pike</u>.] <def>A high, stiff collar for the neck; also, a hem or band about the skirt of a garment, — worn by men in the 17th century.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pic"cage</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [LL. <i>piccadium</i>, fr. F. <i>piquer</i> to prick.] <i>(O. Eng. Law)</i> <def>Money paid at fairs for leave to break ground for booths.</def> <i>Ainsworth.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pic"ca*lil`li</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A pickle of various vegetables with pungent species, — originally made in the East Indies.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pic"co*lo</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [It., small.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Mus.)</i> <def>A small, shrill flute, the pitch of which is an octave higher than the ordinary flute; an octave flute.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Mus.)</i> <def>A small upright piano.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Mus.)</i> <def>An organ stop, with a high, piercing tone.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pice</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Hind. <i>pais&amacr;</i>] <def>A small copper coin of the East Indies, worth less than a cent.</def> <i>Malcom.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Pic"e*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., the pitch pine, from <i>pix</i>, <i>picis</i>, pitch.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A genus of coniferous trees of the northen hemisphere, including the Norway spruce and the American black and white spruces. These trees have pendent cones, which do not readily fall to pieces, in this and other respects differing from the firs.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pi"cene</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Piceous</u>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A hydrocarbon (C&?;H&?;) extracted from the pitchy residue of coal tar and petroleum as a bluish fluorescent crystalline substance.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pic"e*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>piceus</i>, fr. <i>pix</i>, <i>picis</i>, pitch.] <def>Of or pertaining to pitch; resembling pitch in color or quality; pitchy.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pi"chey</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Native name.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A Brazilian armadillo (<i>Dasypus minutus</i>); the little armadillo.</def> [Written also <i>pichiy</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>||Pi`chi*ci*a"go</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Native name.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A small, burrowing, South American edentate (<i>Chlamyphorus truncatus</i>), allied to the armadillos. The shell is attached only along the back.</def> [Written also <i>pichyciego</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Pich"u*rim bean`</hw> (?). <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The seed of a Brazilian lauraceous tree (<i>Nectandra Puchury</i>) of a taste and smell between those of nutmeg and of sassafras, — sometimes used medicinally. Called also <i>sassafras nut</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pi"ci</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr. L. <i>picus</i> a woodpecker.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A division of birds including the woodpeckers and wrynecks.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pi"ci*form</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to Piciformes.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pic`i*for"mes</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Picus</u>, and <u>-Form</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A group of birds including the woodpeckers, toucans, barbets, colies, kingfishes, hornbills, and some other related groups.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pi"cine</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to the woodpeckers (<i>Pici</i>), or to the Piciformes.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pick</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Picked</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Picking</u>.] [OE. <i>picken</i>, <i>pikken</i>, to prick, peck; akin to Icel. <i>pikka</i>, Sw. <i>picka</i>, Dan. <i>pikke</i>, D. <i>pikken</i>, G. <i>picken</i>, F. <i>piquer</i>, W. <i>pigo</i>. Cf. <u>Peck</u>, <pos><i>v.</i></pos>, <u>Pike</u>, <u>Pitch</u> to throw.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To throw; to pitch.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>As high as I could <i>pick</i> my lance.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To peck at, as a bird with its beak; to strike at with anything pointed; to act upon with a pointed instrument; to pierce; to prick, as with a pin.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To separate or open by means of a sharp point or points; as, to <i>pick</i> matted wool, cotton, oakum, etc.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To open (a lock) as by a wire.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>To pull apart or away, especially with the fingers; to pluck; to gather, as fruit from a tree, flowers from the stalk, feathers from a fowl, etc.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>To remove something from with a pointed instrument, with the fingers, or with the teeth; as, to <i>pick</i> the teeth; to <i>pick</i> a bone; to <i>pick</i> a goose; to <i>pick</i> a pocket.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Did you <i>pick</i> Master Slender's purse?</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>He <i>picks</i> clean teeth, and, busy as he seems<BR> With an old tavern quill, is hungry yet.</blockquote> <i>Cowper.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <def>To choose; to select; to separate as choice or desirable; to cull; as, to <i>pick</i> one's company; to <i>pick</i> one's way; — often with <i>out</i>.</def> "One man <i>picked</i> out of ten thousand." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>8.</b></sn> <def>To take up; esp., to gather from here and there; to collect; to bring together; as, to <i>pick</i> rags; — often with <i>up</i>; as, to <i>pick</i> up a ball or stones; to <i>pick</i> up information.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>9.</b></sn> <def>To trim.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><col><b>To pick at</b></col>, <cd>to tease or vex by pertinacious annoyance.</cd> — <col><b>To pick a bone with</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Bone</u>.</cd> — <col><b>To pick a thank</b></col>, <cd>to curry favor.</cd> [Obs.] <i>Robynson (More's Utopia).</i> — <col><b>To pick off</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>To pluck; to remove by picking</cd>. <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>To shoot or bring down, one by one; as, sharpshooters <i>pick off</i> the enemy.</cd> — <col><b>To pick out</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>To mark out; to variegate; as, <i>to pick out</i> any dark stuff with lines or spots of bright colors</cd>. <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>To select from a number or quantity.</cd> — <col><b>To pick to pieces</b></col>, <cd>to pull apart piece by piece; hence [Colloq.], to analyze; esp., to criticize in detail.</cd> — <col><b>To pick a quarrel</b></col>, <cd>to give occasion of quarrel intentionally.</cd> — <col><b>To pick up</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>To take up, as with the fingers</cd>. <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>To get by repeated efforts; to gather here and there; as, <i>to pick up</i> a livelihood; <i>to pick up</i> news.</cd></p>

<p><! p. 1083 !></p>

<p><hw>Pick</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To eat slowly, sparingly, or by morsels; to nibble.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Why stand'st thou <i>picking</i>? Is thy palate sore?</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To do anything nicely or carefully, or by attending to small things; to select something with care.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To steal; to pilfer.</def> "To keep my hands from <i>picking</i> and stealing." <i>Book of Com. Prayer.</i></p>

<p><col><b>To pick up</b></col>, <cd>to improve by degrees; as, he is <i>picking up</i> in health or business.</cd> [Colloq. U.S.]</p>

<p><hw>Pick</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>pic</i> a pickax, a pick. See <u>Pick</u>, and cf. <u>Pike</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A sharp-pointed tool for picking; — often used in composition; as, a tooth<i>pick</i>; a <i>pick</i>lock.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Mining & Mech.)</i> <def>A heavy iron tool, curved and sometimes pointed at both ends, wielded by means of a wooden handle inserted in the middle, — used by quarrymen, roadmakers, etc.; also, a pointed hammer used for dressing millstones.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A pike or spike; the sharp point fixed in the center of a buckler.</def> [Obs.] "Take down my buckler . . . and grind the <i>pick</i> on 't." <i>Beau. & Fl.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Choice; right of selection; as, to have one's <i>pick</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>France and Russia have the <i>pick</i> of our stables.</blockquote> <i>Ld. Lytton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>That which would be picked or chosen first; the best; as, the <i>pick</i> of the flock.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <i>(Print.)</i> <def>A particle of ink or paper imbedded in the hollow of a letter, filling up its face, and occasioning a spot on a printed sheet.</def> <i>MacKellar.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <i>(Painting)</i> <def>That which is picked in, as with a pointed pencil, to correct an unevenness in a picture.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>8.</b></sn> <i>(Weawing)</i> <def>The blow which drives the shuttle, — the rate of speed of a loom being reckoned as so many <i>picks</i> per minute; hence, in describing the fineness of a fabric, a weft thread; as, so many <i>picks</i> to an inch.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Pick dressing</b></col> <i>(Arch.)</i>, <cd>in cut stonework, a facing made by a pointed tool, leaving the surface in little pits or depressions.</cd> — <col><b>Pick hammer</b></col>, <cd>a pick with one end sharp and the other blunt, used by miners.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pick"a*back`</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>On the back or shoulders; as, to ride <i>pickback</i>.</def> [Written also <i>pickapack</i>, <i>pickback</i>, and <i>pickpack</i>.]</p>

<p><blockquote>A woman stooping to take a child <i>pickaback</i>.</blockquote> <i>R,Jefferies.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pick"a*nin`ny</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Pickaninnies</b></plw> (#). [Cf. Sp. <i>peque&ntilde;o</i> little, young.] <def>A small child; especially, a negro or mulatto infant.</def> [U.S. & West Indies]</p>

<p><hw>Pick"a*pack`</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>Pickaback.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pick"ax`</hw>, <hw>Pick"axe`</hw> } (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [A corruption of OE. <i>pikois</i>, <i>pikeis</i>, F. <i>picois</i>, fr. <i>pic</i>. See <u>Pick</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <def>A pick with a point at one end, a transverse edge or blade at the other, and a handle inserted at the middle; a hammer with a flattened end for driving wedges and a pointed end for piercing as it strikes.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pick"back`</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>On the back.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pick"ed</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Pointed; sharp.</def> "<i>Picked</i> and polished." <i>Chapman.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Let the stake be made <i>picked</i> at the top.</blockquote> <i>Mortimer.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Having a pike or spine on the back; — said of certain fishes.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Carefully selected; chosen; as, <i>picked</i> men.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Fine; spruce; smart; precise; dianty.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Picked dogfish</b></col>. <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <cd>See under <u>Dogfish</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Picked out</b></col>, <cd>ornamented or relieved with lines, or the like, of a different, usually a lighter, color; as, a carriage body dark green, <i>picked out</i> with red.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pick"ed*ness</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The state of being sharpened; pointedness.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Fineness; spruceness; smartness.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Too much <i>pickedness</i> is not manly.</blockquote> <i>B. Jonson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pick*eer"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Pickeered</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Pickeering</u>.] [F. <i>picorer</i> to go marauding, orig., to go to steal cattle, ultimately fr. L. <i>pecus</i>, <i>pecoris</i>, cattle; cf. F. <i>picor&eacute;e</i>, Sp. <i>pecorea</i> robbery committed by straggling soldiers.] <def>To make a raid for booty; to maraud; also, to skirmish in advance of an army. See <u>Picaroon</u>.</def> [Obs.] <i>Bp. Burnet.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pick*eer"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who pickeers.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Pick"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From <u>Pick</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who, or that which, picks, in any sense, - - as, one who uses a pick; one who gathers; a thief; a pick; a pickax; as, a cotton <i>picker</i>.</def> "<i>Pickers</i> and stealers." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Mach.)</i> <def>A machine for picking fibrous materials to pieces so as to loosen and separate the fiber.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Weaving)</i> <def>The piece in a loom which strikes the end of the shuttle, and impels it through the warp.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Ordnance)</i> <def>A priming wire for cleaning the vent.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pick"er*el</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Dim. of <u>Pike</u>.] [Written also <i>pickerell</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A young or small pike.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Bet [better] is, quoth he, a pike than a <i>pickerel</i>.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>Any one of several species of freshwater fishes of the genus <i>Esox</i>, esp. the smaller species.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The glasseye, or wall-eyed pike. See <u>Wall-eye</u>.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The federation, or chain, pickerel (<i>Esox reticulatus</i>) and the brook pickerel (<i>E. Americanus</i>) are the most common American species. They are used for food, and are noted for their voracity. About the Great Lakes the pike is called <i>pickerel</i>.</p>

<p><col><b>Pickerel weed</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>a blue-flowered aquatic plant (<i>Pontederia cordata</i>) having large arrow-shaped leaves. So called because common in slow-moving waters where pickerel are often found.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pick"er*ing</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Probably a corruption of <u>Pickerel</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The sauger of the St.Lawrence River.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pick"er*y</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From <u>Pick</u> to steal; or perhaps from <u>Pickeer</u>.] <def>Petty theft.</def> [Scot.] <i>Holinshed.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pick"et</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>piquet</i>, properly dim. of <i>pique</i> spear, pike. See <u>Pike</u>, and cf. <u>Piquet</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A stake sharpened or pointed, especially one used in fortification and encampments, to mark bounds and angles; or one used for tethering horses.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A pointed pale, used in marking fences.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> [Probably so called from the <i>picketing</i> of the horses.] <i>(Mil.)</i> <def>A detached body of troops serving to guard an army from surprise, and to oppose reconnoitering parties of the enemy; — called also <i>outlying picket</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>By extension, men appointed by a trades union, or other labor organization, to intercept outsiders, and prevent them from working for employers with whom the organization is at variance.</def> [Cant]</p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>A military punishment, formerly resorted to, in which the offender was forced to stand with one foot on a pointed stake.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>A game at cards. See <u>Piquet</u>.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Inlying picket</b></col> <i>(Mil.)</i>, <cd>a detachment of troops held in camp or quarters, detailed to march if called upon.</cd> — <col><b>Picket fence</b></col>, <cd>a fence made of pickets. See def. 2, above.</cd> — <col><b>Picket guard</b></col> <i>(Mil.)</i>, <cd>a guard of horse and foot, always in readiness in case of alarm.</cd> — <col><b>Picket line</b></col>. <i>(Mil.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>A position held and guarded by small bodies of men placed at intervals</cd>. <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>A rope to which horses are secured when groomed.</cd> — <col><b>Picketpin</b></col>, <cd>an iron pin for picketing horses.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pick"et</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Picketed</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Picketing</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To fortify with pointed stakes.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To inclose or fence with pickets or pales.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To tether to, or as to, a picket; as, to <i>picket</i> a horse.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To guard, as a camp or road, by an outlying picket.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>To torture by compelling to stand with one foot on a pointed stake.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Pick`e*tee"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>See <u>Picotee</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pick"-fault`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who seeks out faults.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pick"ing</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of digging or breaking up, as with a pick.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The act of choosing, plucking, or gathering.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>That which is, or may be, picked or gleaned.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Pilfering; also, that which is pilfered.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <i>pl.</i> <def>The pulverized shells of oysters used in making walks.</def> [Eng.] <i>Simmonds.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <i>(Mining)</i> <def>Rough sorting of ore.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <def>Overburned bricks.</def> <i>Simmonds.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pick"ing</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Done or made as with a pointed tool; as, a <i>picking</i> sound.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Nice; careful.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote> was too warm on <i>picking</i> work to dwell.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Picking peg</b></col>. <i>(Weaving)</i> <cd>See <u>Picker</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, 3.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pic"kle</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Obs.] <def>See <u>Picle</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pic"kle</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. D. <i>pekel</i>. Probably a dim. fr. <u>Pick</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>, alluding to the cleaning of the fish.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A solution of salt and water, in which fish, meat, etc., may be preserved or corned; brine.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>Vinegar, plain or spiced, used for preserving vegetables, fish, eggs, oysters, etc.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Any article of food which has been preserved in brine or in vinegar.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Founding)</i> <def>A bath of dilute sulphuric or nitric acid, etc., to remove burnt sand, scale rust, etc., from the surface of castings, or other articles of metal, or to brighten them or improve their color.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>A troublesome child; as, a little <i>pickle</i>.</def> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><col><b>To be in a pickle</b></col>, <cd>to be in disagreeable position; to be in a condition of embarrassment, difficulty, or disorder.</cd> "How cam'st thou in this <i>pickle</i>?" <i>Shak.</i> - - <col><b>To put a rod in pickle</b></col>, <cd>to prepare a particular reproof, punishment, or penalty for future application.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pic"kle</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Pickled</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Pickling</u> (?).] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To preserve or season in pickle; to treat with some kind of pickle; as, to <i>pickle</i> herrings or cucumbers.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To give an antique appearance to; — said of copies or imitations of paintings by the old masters.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pic"kled</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Preserved in a pickle.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pic"kle-her"ring</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A herring preserved in brine; a pickled herring.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A merry-andrew; a buffoon.</def> [Obs.] <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pic"kler</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who makes pickles.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pick"lock`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>An instrument for picking locks.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>One who picks locks; a thief.</def> "A <i>picklock</i> of secrets." <i>Jer. Taylor.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pick"mire`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [So called from its <i>picking</i> its food from the <i>mire</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The pewit, or black-headed gull.</def> [Prov. Eng.]</p>

<p><hw>Pick"nick</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Picnic</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pick"pack`</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>Pickaback.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pick"pen`ny</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Pickpennies</b></plw> (&?;). <def>A miser; also, a sharper.</def> <i>Dr. H. More.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pick"pock`et</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who steals purses or other articles from pockets.</def> <i>Bentley.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pick"purse`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who steals purses, or money from purses.</def> <i>Latimer. Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pick"sy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Pixy</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pick"thank`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who strives to put another under obligation; an officious person; hence, a flatterer. Used also adjectively.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Smiling <i>pickthanks</i>, and base newsmongers.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pick"tooth`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A toothpick.</def> [Obs.] <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pi"cle</hw> (p&ibreve;k"'l), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Prob. fr. <i>pightel</i> or <i>pingle</i>.] <def>A small piece of land inclosed with a hedge; a close.</def> [Obs.] [Written also <i>pickle</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Pic"nic</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>piquenique</i>. See <u>Pick</u>, <pos><i>v.</i></pos>, and cf. <u>Knickknack</u>.] <def>Formerly, an entertainment at which each person contributed some dish to a common table; now, an excursion or pleasure party in which the members partake of a collation or repast (usually in the open air, and from food carried by themselves).</def></p>

<p><hw>Pic"nic</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Picnicked</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Picnicking</u> (?).] <def>To go on a picnic, or pleasure excursion; to eat in public fashion.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pic"nick*er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who takes part in a picnic.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pi"coid</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Picus</i> + <i>- oid</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Like or pertaining to the Pici.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pic"o*line</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>pix</i>, <i>picis</i>, pitch + <i>ol</i>eum oil + <i>-ine</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Any one of three isometric bases (C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>7</sub>N) related to pyridine, and obtained from bone oil, acrolein ammonia, and coal-tar naphtha, as colorless mobile liquids of strong odor; — called also <i>methyl pyridine</i>.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pic`o*tee"</hw> (?), <hw>Pic`o*tine"</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>picot&eacute;</i> dotted, picked.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A variety of carnation having petals of a light color variously dotted and spotted at the edges.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pic"quet</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Piquet</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pi"cra</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., fr. Gr. &?; sharp, bitter.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>The powder of aloes with canella, formerly officinal, employed as a cathartic.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pi"crate</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A salt of picric acid.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pi"cric</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; bitter.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, a strong organic acid (called <i>picric acid</i>), intensely bitter.</def></p>

<p>&fist; <i>Picric acid</i> is obtained by treating phenol with strong nitric acid, as a brilliant yellow crystalline substance, C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>2</sub>(NO<sub>2</sub>)<sub>3</sub>.OH. It is used in dyeing silk and wool, and also in the manufacture of explosives, as it is very unstable when heated. Called also <i>trinitrophenol</i>, and formerly <i>carbazotic acid</i>.</p>

<p><hw>Pic"rite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From Gr. &?; bitter.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>A dark green igneous rock, consisting largely of chrysolite, with hornblende, augite, biotite, etc.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pic"ro*lite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; bitter + <i>-lite</i>.: cf. F. <i>picrolithe</i>.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>A fibrous variety of serpentine.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pic"ro*mel</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; bitter + &?; honey: cf. F. <i>picromel</i>.] <i>(Old Chem.)</i> <def>A colorless viscous substance having a bitter-sweet taste.</def></p>

<p>&fist; It was formerly supposed to be the essential principle of the bile, but is now known to be a mixture, principally of salts of glycocholic and taurocholic acids.</p>

<p><hw>Pic`ro*tox"in</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; bitter + <i>tox</i>ic + <i>-in</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A bitter white crystalline substance found in the cocculus indicus. It is a peculiar poisonous neurotic and intoxicant, and consists of a mixture of several neutral substances.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pi"cryl</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Picr</i>ic + <i>- yl</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>The hypothetical radical of picric acid, analogous to phenyl.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pict"ish</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to Picts; resembling the Picts.</def> "The <i>Pictish</i> peer." <i>Byron.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pic"to*graph</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Picture</u>, and <u>-graph</u>.] <def>A picture or hieroglyph representing and expressing an idea.</def> — <wf>Pic`to*graph"ic</wf> (#), <pos><i>a.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Pic*to"ri*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>pictorius</i>, fr. <i>pictor</i> a painter, fr. <i>pingere</i> to paint. See <u>Paint</u>.] <def>Of or pertaining to pictures; illustrated by pictures; forming pictures; representing with the clearness of a picture; as, a <i>pictorial</i> dictionary; a <i>pictorial</i> imagination.</def> "<i>Pictorial</i> rhetoric." <i>Ruskin.</i> — <wf>Pic*to"ri*al*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pic*tor"ic</hw> (?), <hw>Pic*tor"ic*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pictorial.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Picts</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos>; sing. <singw><b>Pict</b></singw> (&?;). [L. <i>Picti</i>; cf. AS. <i>Peohtas</i>.] <i>(Ethnol.)</i> <def>A race of people of uncertain origin, who inhabited Scotland in early times.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pic*tu"ra</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., a painting.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Pattern of coloration.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pic"tur*a*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Capable of being pictured, or represented by a picture.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pic"tur*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pictorial.</def> [R.] <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pic"tur*al</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A picture.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pic"ture</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>pictura</i>, fr. <i>pingere</i>, <i>pictum</i>, to paint: cf. F. <i>peinture</i>. See <u>Paint</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The art of painting; representation by painting.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Any well-expressed image . . . either in <i>picture</i> or sculpture.</blockquote> <i>Sir H. Wotton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A representation of anything (as a person, a landscape, a building) upon canvas, paper, or other surface, produced by means of painting, drawing, engraving, photography, etc.; a representation in colors. By extension, a figure; a model.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Pictures</i> and shapes are but secondary objects.</blockquote> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The young king's <i>picture</i> . . . in virgin wax.</blockquote> <i>Howell.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>An image or resemblance; a representation, either to the eye or to the mind; that which, by its likeness, brings vividly to mind some other thing; as, a child is the <i>picture</i> of his father; the man is the <i>picture</i> of grief.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>My eyes make <i>pictures</i> when they are shut.</blockquote> <i>Coleridge.</i></p>

<p>&fist; <i>Picture</i> is often used adjectively, or in forming self-explaining compounds; as, <i>picture</i> book or <i>picture</i>- book, <i>picture</i> frame or <i>picture</i>-frame, <i>picture</i> seller or <i>picture</i>-seller, etc.</p>

<p><col><b>Picture gallery</b></col>, <cd>a gallery, or large apartment, devoted to the exhibition of pictures.</cd> — <col><b>Picture red</b></col>, <cd>a rod of metal tube fixed to the walls of a room, from which pictures are hung.</cd> — <col><b>Picture writing</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>The art of recording events, or of expressing messages, by means of pictures representing the actions or circumstances in question</cd>. <i>Tylor.</i> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>The record or message so represented; as, the <i>picture writing</i> of the American Indians.</cd></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — <u>Picture</u>, <u>Painting</u>. Every kind of representation by drawing or painting is a <i>picture</i>, whether made with oil colors, water colors, pencil, crayons, or India ink; strictly, a <i>painting</i> is a picture made by means of colored paints, usually applied moist with a brush.</p>

<p><hw>Pic"ture</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Pictured</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Picturing</u>.] <def>To draw or paint a resemblance of; to delineate; to represent; to form or present an ideal likeness of; to bring before the mind.</def> "I . . . do <i>picture</i> it in my mind." <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>I have not seen him so <i>pictured</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pic"tured</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Furnished with pictures; represented by a picture or pictures; as, a <i>pictured</i> scene.</def></p>

<p><! p. 1084 !></p>

<p><hw>Pic"tur*er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who makes pictures; a painter.</def> [R.] <i>Fuller.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pic`tur*esque"</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [It. <i>pittoresco</i>: cf. F. <i>pittoresque</i>. See <u>Pictorial</u>.] <def>Forming, or fitted to form, a good or pleasing picture; representing with the clearness or ideal beauty appropriate to a picture; expressing that peculiar kind of beauty which is agreeable in a picture, natural or artificial; graphic; vivid; as, a <i>picturesque</i> scene or attitude; <i>picturesque</i> language.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>What is <i>picturesque</i> as placed in relation to the beautiful and the sublime? It is . . . the characteristic pushed into a sensible excess.</blockquote> <i>De Quincey.</i></p>

<p>— <wf>Pic`tur*esque"ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Pic`tur*esque"ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Pic`tur*esqu"ish</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Somewhat picturesque.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Pic"tur*ize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Picturized</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Picturizing</u>.] [R.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To picture.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To adorn with pictures.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pic"ul</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Jav. & Malay <i>pikul</i>, fr. <i>pikul</i> to carry on the back, to carry a burden; n., a man's burden.] <def>A commercial weight varying in different countries and for different commodities. In Borneo it is 135&frac58; lbs.; in China and Sumatra, 133&frac12; lbs.; in Japan, 133&frac13; lbs.; but sometimes 130 lbs., etc. Called also, by the Chinese, <i>tan</i>.</def> [Written also <i>pecul</i>, and <i>pecal</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Pic"u*let</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Dim. of <u>Picus</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any species of very small woodpeckers of the genus <i>Picumnus</i> and allied genera. Their tail feathers are not stiff and sharp at the tips, as in ordinary woodpeckers.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pi"cus</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Pici</b></plw> (#). [L., a woodpecker.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A genus of woodpeckers, including some of the common American and European species.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pid"dle</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Piddled</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Piddling</u> (?).] [Cf. dial. Sw. <i>pittla</i> to keep picking at, Sw. <i>peta</i> to pick.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To deal in trifles; to concern one's self with trivial matters rather than with those that are important.</def> <i>Ascham.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To be squeamishly nice about one's food.</def> <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To urinate; — child's word.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pid"dler</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who piddles.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pid"dling</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos><def>Trifling; trivial; frivolous; paltry; — applied to persons and things.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The ignoble hucksterage of <i>piddling</i> tithes.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pid"dock</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Etymol. uncertain.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any species of Pholas; a pholad. See <u>Pholas</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pie</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>pie</i>, <i>pye</i>; cf. Ir. & Gael. <i>pighe</i> pie, also Gael. <i>pige</i> an earthen jar or pot. Cf. <u>Piggin</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>An article of food consisting of paste baked with something in it or under it; as, chicken <i>pie</i>; venison <i>pie</i>; mince <i>pie</i>; apple <i>pie</i>; pumpkin <i>pie</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>See <u>Camp</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, 5.</def> [Prov. Eng.] <i>Halliwell.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Pie crust</b></col>, <cd>the paste of a pie.</cd> </p>

<p><hw>Pie</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>pie</i>, L. <i>pica</i>; cf. <i>picus</i> woodpecker, <i>pingere</i> to paint; the bird being perhaps named from its colors. Cf. <u>Pi</u>, <u>Paint</u>, <u>Speight</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A magpie.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>Any other species of the genus <i>Pica</i>, and of several allied genera.</def> [Written also <i>pye</i>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(R. C. Ch.)</i> <def>The service book.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Pritn.)</i> <def>Type confusedly mixed. See <u>Pi</u>.</def></p>

<p><col><b>By cock and pie</b></col>, <cd>an adjuration equivalent to "by God and the service book."</cd> <i>Shak.</i> — <col><b>Tree pie</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>any Asiatic bird of the genus <i>Dendrocitta</i>, allied to the magpie.</cd> — <col><b>Wood pie</b></col>. <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <cd>See <i>French pie</i>, under <u>French</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pie</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Pi</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pie"bald`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Pie</i> the party- colored bird + <i>bald</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Having spots and patches of black and white, or other colors; mottled; pied.</def> "A <i>piebald</i> steed of Thracian strain." <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Fig.: Mixed.</def> "<i>Piebald</i> languages." <i>Hudibras.</i></p>

<p><hw>Piece</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>pece</i>, F. <i>pi&egrave;ce</i>, LL. <i>pecia</i>, <i>petia</i>, <i>petium</i>, probably of Celtic origin; cf. W. <i>peth</i> a thing, a part, portion, a little, Armor. <i>pez</i>, Gael. & Ir. <i>cuid</i> part, share. Cf. <u>Petty</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A fragment or part of anything separated from the whole, in any manner, as by cutting, splitting, breaking, or tearing; a part; a portion; as, a <i>piece</i> of sugar; to break in <i>pieces</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Bring it out <i>piece</i> by <i>piece</i>.</blockquote> <i>Ezek. xxiv. 6.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A definite portion or quantity, as of goods or work; as, a <i>piece</i> of broadcloth; a <i>piece</i> of wall paper.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Any one thing conceived of as apart from other things of the same kind; an individual article; a distinct single effort of a series; a definite performance</def>; especially: <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A literary or artistic composition; as, a <i>piece</i> of poetry, music, or statuary.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A musket, gun, or cannon; as, a battery of six <i>pieces</i>; a following <i>piece</i>.</def> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <def>A coin; as, a sixpenny <i>piece</i>; — formerly applied specifically to an English gold coin worth 22 shillings.</def> <sd><i>(d)</i></sd> <def>A fact; an item; as, a <i>piece</i> of news; a <i>piece</i> of knowledge.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>An individual; — applied to a person as being of a certain nature or quality; often, but not always, used slightingly or in contempt.</def> "If I had not been a <i>piece</i> of a logician before I came to him." <i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Thy mother was a <i>piece</i> of virtue.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>His own spirit is as unsettled a <i>piece</i> as there is in all the world.</blockquote> <i>Coleridge.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <i>(Chess)</i> <def>One of the superior men, distinguished from a pawn.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>A castle; a fortified building.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Of a piece</b></col>, <cd>of the same sort, as if taken from the same whole; like; — sometimes followed by <i>with</i>.</cd> <i>Dryden.</i> — <col><b>Piece of eight</b></col>, <cd>the Spanish piaster, formerly divided into eight reals.</cd> — <col><b>To give a piece of one's mind to</b></col>, <cd>to speak plainly, bluntly, or severely to (another).</cd> <i>Thackeray.</i> — <col><b>Piece broker</b></col>, <cd>one who buys shreds and remnants of cloth to sell again.</cd> — <col><b>Piece goods</b></col>, <cd>goods usually sold by pieces or fixed portions, as shirtings, calicoes, sheetings, and the like.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Piece</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Pieced</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Piecing</u> (?).] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To make, enlarge, or repair, by the addition of a piece or pieces; to patch; as, to <i>piece</i> a garment; — often with <i>out</i>.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To unite; to join; to combine.</def> <i>Fuller.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>His adversaries . . . <i>pieced</i> themselves together in a joint opposition against him.</blockquote> <i>Fuller.</i></p>

<p><hw>Piece</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To unite by a coalescence of parts; to fit together; to join.</def> "It <i>pieced</i> better." <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><hw>Piece"less</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Not made of pieces; whole; entire.</def></p>

<p><hw>Piece"ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In pieces; piecemeal.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Piece"meal`</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> [OE. <i>pecemele</i>; <i>pece</i> a piece + AS. <i>m&?;lum</i>, dat. pl. of <i>m&?;l</i> part. See <u>Meal</u> a portion.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>In pieces; in parts or fragments.</def> "On which it <i>piecemeal</i> brake." <i>Chapman.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The beasts will tear thee <i>piecemeal</i>.</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Piece by piece; by little and little in succession.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Piecemeal</i> they win, this acre first, than that.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><hw>Piece"meal`</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Made up of parts or pieces; single; separate.</def> "These <i>piecemeal</i> guilts." <i>Gov. of Tongue.</i></p>

<p><hw>Piece"meal`</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A fragment; a scrap.</def> <i>R. Vaughan.</i></p>

<p><hw>Piece"mealed`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Divided into pieces.</def></p>

<p><hw>Piece"ner</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who supplies rolls of wool to the slubbing machine in woolen mills.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Same as <u>Piecer</u>, 2.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pie"cer</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who pieces; a patcher.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A child employed in spinning mill to tie together broken threads.</def></p>

<p><hw>Piece"work`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Work done by the piece or job; work paid for at a rate based on the amount of work done, rather than on the time employed.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The reaping was <i>piecework</i>, at so much per acre.</blockquote> <i>R. Jefferies.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pied</hw> (?), <def><pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> of <u>Pi</u>, or <u>Pie</u>, <pos><i>v.</i></pos></def></p>

<p><hw>Pied</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [From <u>Pie</u> the party- colored bird.] <def>Variegated with spots of different colors; party- colored; spotted; piebald.</def> "<i>Pied</i> coats." <i>Burton.</i> "Meadows trim with daisies <i>pied</i>." <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Pied antelope</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the bontebok.</cd> — <col><b>Pied-billed grebe</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the dabchick.</cd> — <col><b>Pied blackbird</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>any Asiatic thrush of the genus <i>Turdulus</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Pied finch</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>The chaffinch.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>The snow bunting</cd>. [Prov. Eng.] — <col><b>Pied flycatcher</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a common European flycatcher (<i>Ficedula atricapilla</i>). The male is black and white.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pied"mont</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [F. <i>pied</i> foot + <i>mont</i> mountain.] <i>(Geol.)</i> <def>Noting the region of foothills near the base of a mountain chain.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pied"mont*ite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Min.)</i> <def>A manganesian kind of epidote, from <i>Piedmont</i>. See <u>Epidote</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pied"ness</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The state of being pied.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Pi&eacute;`douche"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., fr. It. <i>peduccio</i> console, corbel.] <def>A pedestal of small size, used to support small objects, as busts, vases, and the like.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pied"stall</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Pedestal</u>.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Pie"man</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Piemen</b></plw> (&?;). <def>A man who makes or sells pies.</def></p>

<p><hw>Piend</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. Dan. <i>pind</i> a peg.] <def>See <u>Peen</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pi*e"no</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [It., fr. L. <i>plenus</i> full.] <i>(Mus.)</i> <def>Full; having all the instruments.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pie"plant`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A plant (<i>Rheum Rhaponticum</i>) the leafstalks of which are acid, and are used in making pies; the garden rhubarb.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pie"pou`dre</hw>, <hw>Pie"pow`der</hw> } (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Lit., dustyfoot, i. e., dusty-footed dealers, fr. F. <i>pied</i> foot + <i>poudreux</i> dusty.] <i>(O. Eng. Law)</i> <def>An ancient court of record in England, formerly incident to every fair and market, of which the steward of him who owned or had the toll was the judge.</def> <i>Blackstone.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pier</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>pere</i>, OF. <i>piere</i> a stone, F. <i>pierre</i>, fr. L. <i>petra</i>, Gr. &?;. Cf. <u>Petrify</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Arch.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>Any detached mass of masonry, whether insulated or supporting one side of an arch or lintel, as of a bridge; the piece of wall between two openings.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>Any additional or auxiliary mass of masonry used to stiffen a wall. See <u>Buttress</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A projecting wharf or landing place.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Abutment pier</b></col>, <cd>the pier of a bridge next the shore; a pier which by its strength and stability resists the thrust of an arch.</cd> — <col><b>Pier glass</b></col>, <cd>a mirror, of high and narrow shape, to be put up between windows.</cd> — <col><b>Pier table</b></col>, <cd>a table made to stand between windows.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pier"age</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Wharfage</u>.</def> <i>Smart.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pierce</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Pierced</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Piercing</u> (?).] [OE. <i>percen</i>, F. <i>percer</i>, OF. <i>percier</i>, <i>perchier</i>, <i>parchier</i>; perh. fr. (assumed) LL. <i>pertusiare</i> for <i>pertusare</i>, fr. L. <i>pertundere</i>, <i>pertusum</i>, to beat, push, bore through; <i>per</i> through + <i>tundere</i> to beat: cf. OF. <i>pertuisier</i> to pierce, F. <i>pertuis</i> a hole. Cf. <u>Contuse</u>, <u>Parch</u>, <u>Pertuse</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To thrust into, penetrate, or transfix, with a pointed instrument.</def> "I <i>pierce</i> . . . her tender side." <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To penetrate; to enter; to force a way into or through; to pass into or through; as, to <i>pierce</i> the enemy's line; a shot <i>pierced</i> the ship.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Fig.: To penetrate; to affect deeply; as, to <i>pierce</i> a mystery.</def> "<i>Pierced</i> with grief." <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Can no prayers <i>pierce</i> thee?</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pierce</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To enter; to penetrate; to make a way into or through something, as a pointed instrument does; — used literally and figuratively.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>And <i>pierced</i> to the skin, but bit no more.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>She would not <i>pierce</i> further into his meaning.</blockquote> <i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pierce"a*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>That may be pierced.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pierced</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Penetrated; entered; perforated.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pier"cel</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>perce</i>.] <def>A kind of gimlet for making vents in casks; — called also <i>piercer</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pier"cer</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who, or that which, pierces or perforates</def>; specifically: <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>An instrument used in forming eyelets; a stiletto.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A piercel.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The ovipositor, or sting, of an insect.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>An insect provided with an ovipositor.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pier"cing</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Forcibly entering, or adapted to enter, at or by a point; perforating; penetrating; keen; — used also figuratively; as, a <i>piercing</i> instrument, or thrust.</def> "<i>Piercing</i> eloquence." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p>— <wf>Pier"cing*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Pier"cing*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Pi*e"ri*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>Pierius</i>, from Mount <i>Pierus</i>, in Thessaly, sacred to the Muses.] <def>Of or pertaining to Pierides or Muses.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Drink deep, or taste not the <i>Pierian</i> spring.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pi"er*id</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Peirides</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any butterfly of the genus <i>Pieris</i> and related genera. See <i>Cabbage butterfly</i>, under <u>Cabbage</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pi*er"i*des</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [L., fr. Gr. &?;. See <u>Pierian</u>.] <i>(Class. Myth.)</i> <def>The Muses.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pi"et</hw> (p&imacr;"&ebreve;t), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Dim. of <u>Pie</u> a magpie: cf. F. <i>piette</i> a smew.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The dipper, or water ouzel.</def> [Scot.] <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The magpie.</def> [Prov.Eng.]</p>

<p><col><b>Jay piet</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the European jay.</cd> [Prov.Eng.] — <col><b>Sea piet</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the oyster catcher.</cd> [Prov.Eng.]</p>

<p><hw>||Pi*e*t&agrave;"</hw> (p&esl;*&asl;*t&auml;"), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [It.] <i>(Fine Arts)</i> <def>A representation of the dead Christ, attended by the Virgin Mary or by holy women and angels.</def> <i>Mollett.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pi"e*tism</hw> (p&imacr;"&esl;*t&ibreve;z'm), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. G. <i>pietismus</i>, F. <i>pi&eacute;tisme</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The principle or practice of the Pietists.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Strict devotion; also, affectation of devotion.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>Sch&ouml;ne Seele</i>, that ideal of gentle <i>pietism</i>, in "Wilhelm Meister."</blockquote> <i>W. Pater.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pi"e*tist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. G. <i>pietist</i>, F. <i>pi&eacute;tiste</i>. See <u>Piety</u>.] <i>(Eccl. Hist.)</i> <def>One of a class of religious reformers in Germany in the 17th century who sought to revive declining piety in the Protestant churches; — often applied as a term of reproach to those who make a display of religious feeling. Also used adjectively.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pi`e*tis"tic</hw> (?), <hw>Pi`e*tis"tic*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to the Pietists; hence, in contempt, affectedly or demonstratively religious.</def> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Pi*e"tra du"ra</hw> (?). [It., hard stone.] <i>(Fine Arts)</i> <def>Hard and fine stones in general, such as are used for inlay and the like, as distinguished from the softer stones used in building; thus, a Florentine mosaic is a familiar instance of work in <i>pietra dura</i>, though the ground may be soft marble.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pi"e*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>pi&eacute;t&eacute;</i>; cf. It. <i>piet&agrave;</i>; both fr. L. <i>pietas</i> piety, fr. <i>pius</i> pious. See <u>Pious</u>, and cf. <u>Pity</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Veneration or reverence of the Supreme Being, and love of his character; loving obedience to the will of God, and earnest devotion to his service.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Piety</i> is the only proper and adequate relief of decaying man.</blockquote> <i>Rambler.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Duty; dutifulness; filial reverence and devotion; affectionate reverence and service shown toward parents, relatives, benefactors, country, etc.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Conferred upon me for the <i>piety</i><BR> Which to my country I was judged to have shown.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Religion; sanctity; devotion; godliness; holiness. See <u>Religion</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Pie"wipe`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [So called from its note.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The lapwing, or pewit.</def> [Prov. Eng.]</p>

<p><hw>Pi`e*zom"e*ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; to press + <i>-meter</i>: cf. F. <i>pi&eacute;zom&egrave;tre</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Physics)</i> <def>An instrument for measuring the compressibility of liquids.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Physics)</i> <def>A gauge connected with a water main to show the pressure at that point.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>||Pif"fe*ro</hw> (?), <hw>||Pif"fa*ra</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [It. <i>piffero</i>.] <i>(Mus.)</i> <def>A fife; also, a rude kind of oboe or a bagpipe with an inflated skin for reservoir.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pig</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A piggin.</def> [Written also <i>pigg</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Pig</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. D. <i>big</i>, <i>bigge</i>, LG. <i>bigge</i>, also Dan. <i>pige</i> girl, Sw. <i>piga</i>, Icel. <i>p&imacr;ka</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The young of swine, male or female; also, any swine; a hog.</def> "Two <i>pigges</i> in a poke." <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any wild species of the genus <i>Sus</i> and related genera.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> [Cf. <u>Sow</u> a channel for melted iron.] <def>An oblong mass of cast iron, lead, or other metal. See <i>Mine pig</i>, under <u>Mine</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>One who is hoggish; a greedy person.</def> [Low]</p>

<p><col><b>Masked pig</b></col>. <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <cd>See under <u>Masked</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Pig bed</b></col> <i>(Founding)</i>, <cd>the bed of sand in which the iron from a smelting furnace is cast into pigs.</cd> — <col><b>Pig iron</b></col>, <cd>cast iron in pigs, or oblong blocks or bars, as it comes from the smelting furnace. See <u>Pig</u>, 4.</cd> — <col><b>Pig yoke</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>a nickname for a quadrant or sextant.</cd> — <col><b>A pig in a poke</b></col> (that is, <i>bag</i>), <cd>a blind bargain; something bought or bargained for, without the quality or the value being known.</cd> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><hw>Pig</hw>, <pos><i>v. t. & i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Pigged</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Pigging</u> (?).] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To bring forth (pigs); to bring forth in the manner of pigs; to farrow.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To huddle or lie together like pigs, in one bed.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pi"geon</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., fr. L. <i>pipio</i> a young pipping or chirping bird, fr. <i>pipire</i> to peep, chirp. Cf. <u>Peep</u> to chirp.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any bird of the order Columb&aelig;, of which numerous species occur in nearly all parts of the world.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The common domestic pigeon, or dove, was derived from the Old World rock pigeon (<i>Columba livia</i>). It has given rise to numerous very remarkable varieties, such as the carrier, fantail, nun, pouter, tumbler, etc. The common wild pigeons of the Eastern United States are the passenger pigeon, and the Carolina dove. See under <u>Passenger</u>, and <u>Dove</u>. See, also, <i>Fruit pigeon</i>, <i>Ground pigeon</i>, <i>Queen pigeon</i>, <i>Stock pigeon</i>, under <u>Fruit</u>, <u>Ground</u>, etc.</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>An unsuspected victim of sharpers; a gull.</def> [Slang]</p>

<p><col><b>Blue pigeon</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>an Australian passerine bird (<i>Graucalus melanops</i>); — called also <i>black-faced crow</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Green pigeon</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>any one of numerous species of Old World pigeons belonging to the family <i>Treronid&aelig;</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Imperial pigeon</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>any one of the large Asiatic fruit pigeons of the genus <i>Carpophada</i>.</cd> - - <col><b>Pigeon berry</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>the purplish black fruit of the pokeweed; also, the plant itself. See <u>Pokeweed</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Pigeon English</b></col> [perhaps a corruption of <i>business English</i>], <cd>an extraordinary and grotesque dialect, employed in the commercial cities of China, as the medium of communication between foreign merchants and the Chinese. Its base is English, with a mixture of Portuguese and Hindoostanee.</cd> <i>Johnson's Cyc.</i> — <col><b>Pigeon grass</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>a kind of foxtail grass (<i>Setaria glauca</i>), of some value as fodder. The seeds are eagerly eaten by pigeons and other birds.</cd> - - <col><b>Pigeon hawk</b></col>. <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>A small American falcon (<i>Falco columbarius</i>). The adult male is dark slate-blue above, streaked with black on the back; beneath, whitish or buff, streaked with brown. The tail is banded.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>The American sharp- shinned hawk (<i>Accipiter velox, or fuscus</i>).</cd> — <col><b>Pigeon hole</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>A hole for pigeons to enter a pigeon house</cd>. <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>See <u>Pigeonhole</u>.</cd> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <i>pl.</i> <cd>An old English game, in which balls were rolled through little arches.</cd> <i>Halliwell.</i> — <col><b>Pigeon house</b></col>, <cd>a dovecote.</cd> — <col><b>Pigeon pea</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>the seed of <i>Cajanus Indicus</i>; a kind of pulse used for food in the East and West Indies; also, the plant itself.</cd> — <col><b>Pigeon plum</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>the edible drupes of two West African species of <i>Chrysobalanus</i> (<i>C. ellipticus</i> and <i>C. luteus</i>).</cd> — <col><b>Pigeon tremex</b></col>. <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <cd>See under <u>Tremex</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Pigeon wood</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>a name in the West Indies for the wood of several very different kinds of trees, species of <i>Dipholis</i>, <i>Diospyros</i>, and <i>Coccoloba</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Pigeon woodpecker</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the flicker.</cd> — <col><b>Prairie pigeon</b></col>. <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>The upland plover</cd>. <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>The golden plover.</cd> [Local, U.S.]</p>

<p><! p. 1085 !></p>

<p><hw>Pi"geon</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To pluck; to fleece; to swindle by tricks in gambling.</def> [Slang] <i>Smart.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>He's <i>pigeoned</i> and undone.</blockquote> <i>Observer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pi"geon-breast`ed</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having a breast like a pigeon, — the sternum being so prominent as to constitute a deformity; chicken-breasted.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pi"geon*foot`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The dove's-foot geranium (<i>Geranium molle</i>).</def></p>

<p><hw>Pi"geon-heart`ed</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Timid; easily frightened; chicken-hearted.</def> <i>Beau. & Fl.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pi"geon*hole`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A small compartment in a desk or case for the keeping of letters, documents, etc.; — so called from the resemblance of a row of them to the compartments in a dovecote.</def> <i>Burke.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pi"geon*hole`</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To place in the pigeonhole of a case or cabinet; hence, to put away; to lay aside indefinitely; as, to <i>pigeonhole</i> a letter or a report.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pi"geon-liv`ered</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pigeon- hearted.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pi"geon*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A place for pigeons; a dovecote.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pi"geon*toed`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having the toes turned in.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pig"-eyed`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having small, deep-set eyes.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pig"fish`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>Any one of several species of salt-water grunts; — called also <i>hogfish</i>.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A sculpin. The name is also applied locally to several other fishes.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pig"foot`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A marine fish (<i>Scorp&aelig;na porcus</i>), native of Europe. It is reddish brown, mottled with dark brown and black.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pigg</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A piggin. See 1st <u>Pig</u>.</def> <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pig"ger*y</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Piggeries</b></plw> (&?;). <def>A place where swine are kept.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pig"gin</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Scot.; cf. Gael. <i>pigean</i>, dim. of <i>pigeadh</i>, <i>pige</i>, an earthen jar, pitcher, or pot, Ir. <i>pigin</i>, <i>pighead</i>, W. <i>piccyn</i>.] <def>A small wooden pail or tub with an upright stave for a handle, — often used as a dipper.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pig"gish</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Relating to, or like, a pig; greedy.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pig"-head`ed</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having a head like a pig; hence, figuratively: stupidity obstinate; perverse; stubborn.</def> <i>B. Jonson.</i> — <wf>Pig"-head`ed*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Pight</hw> (?), <pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> of <u>Pitch</u>, to throw; — used also adjectively. <def>Pitched; fixed; determined.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>[His horse] <i>pight</i> him on the pommel of his head.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>I found him <i>pight</i> to do it.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pigh"tel</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. <u>Pight</u>, <u>Picle</u>.] <def>A small inclosure.</def> [Written also <i>pightle</i>.] [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]</p>

<p><hw>Pig"-jawed`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Having the upper jaw projecting beyond the lower, with the upper incisors in advance of the lower; — said of dogs.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pig*me"an</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Pygmean</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pig"ment</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>pigmentum</i>, fr. the root of <i>pingere</i> to paint: cf. F. <i>pigment</i>. See <u>Paint</u>, and cf. <u>Pimento</u>, <u>Orpiment</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Any material from which a dye, a paint, or the like, may be prepared; particularly, the refined and purified coloring matter ready for mixing with an appropriate vehicle.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Physiol.)</i> <def>Any one of the colored substances found in animal and vegetable tissues and fluids, as bilirubin, urobilin, chlorophyll, etc.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Wine flavored with species and honey.</def> <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Pigment cell</b></col> <i>(Physiol.)</i>, <cd>a small cell containing coloring matter, as the pigmented epithelial cells of the choroid and iris, or the pigmented connective tissue cells in the skin of fishes, reptiles, etc.</cd></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pig*men"tal</hw> (?), <hw>Pig"men*ta*ry</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to pigments; furnished with pigments.</def> <i>Dunglison.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Pigmentary degeneration</b></col> <i>(Med.)</i>, <cd>a morbid condition in which an undue amount of pigment is deposited in the tissues.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pig`men*ta"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Physiol.)</i> <def>A deposition, esp. an excessive deposition, of coloring matter; as, <i>pigmentation</i> of the liver.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pig"ment*ed</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Colored; specifically <i>(Biol.)</i>, filled or imbued with pigment; as, <i>pigmented</i> epithelial cells; <i>pigmented</i> granules.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pig*men"tous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pigmental.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pig"my</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Pygmy</u>.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Pigmy falcon</b></col>. <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <cd>Same as <u>Falconet</u>, 2 <sd><i>(a)</i></sd>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pig"ner*ate</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [L. <i>pigneratus</i>, p. p. of <i>pignerate</i> to pledge.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To pledge or pawn.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>to receive in pawn, as a pawnbroker does.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Pig`no*ra"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [LL. <i>pignoratio</i>, L. <i>pigneratio</i>, fr. <i>pignerate</i> to pledge, fr. <i>pignus</i>, gen. <i>-ous</i> and <i>-eris</i>, a pledge, a pawn: cf. F. <i>pignoration</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of pledging or pawning.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Civil Law)</i> <def>The taking of cattle doing damage, by way of pledge, till satisfaction is made.</def> <i>Burrill.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pig"no*ra*tive</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>pignoratif</i>.] <def>Pledging, pawning.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>||Pig"nus</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Pignora</b></plw> (#). [L.] <i>(Rom. Law)</i> <def>A pledge or pawn.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pig"nut</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>See <u>Groundnut</u> <sd><i>(d)</i></sd>.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The bitter- flavored nut of a species of hickory (<i>Carya glabra, or porcina</i>); also, the tree itself.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pig"pen`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A pen, or sty, for pigs.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pig"skin`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The skin of a pig, — used chiefly for making saddles; hence, a colloquial or slang term for a saddle.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pigs"ney</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Perh. a dim. of Dan. <i>pige</i> a girl, or Sw. <i>piga</i>; or from E. <i>pig's eye</i>.] <def>A word of endearment for a girl or woman.</def> [Obs.] [Written also <i>pigsnie</i>, <i>pigsny</i>, etc.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pig"-stick`ing</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Boar hunting; — so called by Anglo-Indians.</def> [Colloq.] <i>Tackeray.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pig"sty`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Pigsties</b></plw> (&?;). <def>A pigpen.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pig"tail`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The tail of a pig.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Hair Dressing)</i> <def>A cue, or queue.</def> <i>J. & H. Smith.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A kind of twisted chewing tobacco.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The tobacco he usually cheweth, called <i>pigtail</i>.</blockquote> <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pig"tailed`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having a tail like a pig's; as, the <i>pigtailed</i> baboon.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pig"weed`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A name of several annual weeds. See <u>Goosefoot</u>, and <u>Lamb's- quarters</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pig"wid`geon</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Written also <i>pigwidgin</i> and <i>pigwiggen</i>.] <def>A cant word for anything petty or small. It is used by Drayton as the name of a fairy.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pi"ka</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any one of several species of rodents of the genus <i>Lagomys</i>, resembling small tailless rabbits. They inhabit the high mountains of Asia and America. Called also <i>calling hare</i>, and <i>crying hare</i>. See <u>Chief hare</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pike</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>pique</i>; perhaps of Celtic origin; cf. W. <i>pig</i> a prick, a point, beak, Arm. <i>pik</i> pick. But cf. also L. <i>picus</i> woodpecker (see <u>Pie</u> magpie), and E. <i>spike</i>. Cf. <u>Pick</u>, <pos><i>n. & v.</i></pos>, <u>Peak</u>, <u>Pique</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Mil.)</i> <def>A foot soldier's weapon, consisting of a long wooden shaft or staff, with a pointed steel head. It is now superseded by the bayonet.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A pointed head or spike; esp., one in the center of a shield or target.</def> <i>Beau. & Fl.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A hayfork.</def> [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] <i>Tusser.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>A pick.</def> [Prov. Eng.] <i>Wright. Raymond.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>A pointed or peaked hill.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>A large haycock.</def> [Prov. Eng.] <i>Halliwell.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <def>A turnpike; a toll bar.</def> <i>Dickens.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>8.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <pos><i>sing. & pl.</i></pos> <def>A large fresh-water fish (<i>Esox lucius</i>), found in Europe and America, highly valued as a food fish; — called also <i>pickerel</i>, <i>gedd</i>, <i>luce</i>, and <i>jack</i>.</def></p>

<p>&fist; <i>Blue pike</i>, <i>grass pike</i>, <i>green pike</i>, <i>wall-eyed pike</i>, and <i>yellow pike</i>, are names, not of true pike, but of the wall-eye. See <u>Wall-eye</u>.</p>

<p><col><b>Gar pike</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Gar</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Pike perch</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>any fresh-water fish of the genus <i>Stizostedion</i> (formerly <i>Lucioperca</i>). See <u>Wall-eye</u>, and <u>Sauger</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Pike pole</b></col>, <cd>a long pole with a pike in one end, used in directing floating logs.</cd> — <col><b>Pike whale</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a finback whale of the North Atlantic (<i>Bal&aelig;noptera rostrata</i>), having an elongated snout; — called also <i>piked whale</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Sand pike</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the lizard fish.</cd> — <col><b>Sea pike</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the garfish <sd><i>(a)</i></sd>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Piked</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Furnished with a pike; ending in a point; peaked; pointed.</def> "With their <i>piked</i> targets bearing them down." <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pike`-de*vant"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Pike</i> point (fr. F. <i>pique</i>) + F. <i>devant</i> before.] <def>A pointed beard.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p>{ <hw>Pike"let</hw> (?), <hw>Pike"lin</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A light, thin cake or muffin.</def> [Prov. Eng.] <i>Wright.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pike"man</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Pikeman</b></plw> (&?;). <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A soldier armed with a pike.</def> <i>Knolles.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A miner who works with a pick.</def> <i>Beaconsfield.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A keeper of a turnpike gate.</def> <i>T. Hughes.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pike"staff`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The staff, or shaft, of a pike.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A staff with a spike in the lower end, to guard against slipping.</def> <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pike"tail`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>See <u>Pintail</u>, 1.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pik"ro*lite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Min.)</i> <def>See <u>Picrolite</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pi"lage</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Pelage</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pi*las"ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>pilastre</i>, It. <i>pilastro</i>, LL. <i>pilastrum</i>, fr. L. <i>pila</i> a pillar. See <u>Pillar</u>.] <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>An upright architectural member right-angled in plan, constructionally a pier (See <u>Pier</u>, 1 <sd><i>(b)</i></sd>), but architecturally corresponding to a column, having capital, shaft, and base to agree with those of the columns of the same order. In most cases the projection from the wall is one third of its width, or less.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pi*las"tered</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Furnished with pilasters.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pi*lau"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Pillau</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pilch</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>pylce</i>, <i>pylece</i>, LL. <i>pellicia</i>. See <u>Pelisse</u>, and <u>Pelt</u> skin.] <def>A gown or case of skin, or one trimmed or lined with fur.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Pil"chard</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. It. <i>pilseir</i>, W. <i>pilcod</i> minnows.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A small European food fish (<i>Clupea pilchardus</i>) resembling the herring, but thicker and rounder. It is sometimes taken in great numbers on the coast of England.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Fools are as like husbands as <i>pilchards</i> are to herrings.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pilch"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From <u>Pilch</u>.] <def>A scabbard, as of a sword.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pilch"er</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The pilchard.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pil"crow</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [A corruption of <u>Paragraph</u>.] <i>(Print.)</i> <def>a paragraph mark, &para;.</def> [Obs.] <i>Tusser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pile</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>pilus</i> hair. Cf. <u>Peruke</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A hair; hence, the fiber of wool, cotton, and the like; also, the nap when thick or heavy, as of carpeting and velvet.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Velvet soft, or plush with shaggy <i>pile</i>.</blockquote> <i>Cowper.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A covering of hair or fur.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pile</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>pilum</i> javelin. See <u>Pile</u> a stake.] <def>The head of an arrow or spear.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chapman.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pile</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>p&imacr;l</i> arrow, stake, L. <i>pilum</i> javelin; but cf. also L. <i>pila</i> pillar.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A large stake, or piece of timber, pointed and driven into the earth, as at the bottom of a river, or in a harbor where the ground is soft, for the support of a building, a pier, or other superstructure, or to form a cofferdam, etc.</def></p>

<p>&fist; Tubular iron piles are now much used.</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> [Cf. F. <i>pile</i>.] <i>(Her.)</i> <def>One of the ordinaries or subordinaries having the form of a wedge, usually placed palewise, with the broadest end uppermost.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Pile bridge</b></col>, <cd>a bridge of which the roadway is supported on piles.</cd> — <col><b>Pile cap</b></col>, <cd>a beam resting upon and connecting the heads of piles.</cd> — <col><b>Pile driver</b></col>, or <col><b>Pile engine</b></col>, <cd>an apparatus for driving down piles, consisting usually of a high frame, with suitable appliances for raising to a height (by animal or steam power, the explosion of gunpowder, etc.) a heavy mass of iron, which falls upon the pile.</cd> — <col><b>Pile dwelling</b></col>. <cd>See <i>Lake dwelling</i>, under <u>Lake</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Pile plank</b></col> <i>(Hydraul. Eng.)</i>, <cd>a thick plank used as a pile in sheet piling. See <i>Sheet piling</i>, under <u>Piling</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Pneumatic pile</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Pneumatic</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Screw pile</b></col>, <cd>one with a screw at the lower end, and sunk by rotation aided by pressure.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pile</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To drive piles into; to fill with piles; to strengthen with piles.</def></p>

<p><col><b>To sheet-pile</b></col>, <cd>to make sheet piling in or around. See <i>Sheet piling</i>, under 2nd <u>Piling</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pile</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>pile</i>, L. <i>pila</i> a pillar, a pier or mole of stone. Cf. <u>Pillar</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A mass of things heaped together; a heap; as, a <i>pile</i> of stones; a <i>pile</i> of wood.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A mass formed in layers; as, a <i>pile</i> of shot.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A funeral pile; a pyre.</def> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>A large building, or mass of buildings.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>pile</i> o'erlooked the town and drew the fight.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <i>(Iron Manuf.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Fagot</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, 2.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <i>(Elec.)</i> <def>A vertical series of alternate disks of two dissimilar metals, as copper and zinc, laid up with disks of cloth or paper moistened with acid water between them, for producing a current of electricity; — commonly called <i>Volta's pile</i>, <i>voltaic pile</i>, or <i>galvanic pile</i>.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The term is sometimes applied to other forms of apparatus designed to produce a current of electricity, or as synonymous with <i>battery</i>; as, for instance, to an apparatus for generating a current of electricity by the action of heat, usually called a <i>thermopile</i>.</p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> [F. <i>pile</i> pile, an engraved die, L. <i>pila</i> a pillar.] <def>The reverse of a coin. See <u>Reverse</u>.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Cross and pile</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Cross</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Dry pile</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Dry</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pile</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Piled</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Piling</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To lay or throw into a pile or heap; to heap up; to collect into a mass; to accumulate; to amass; — often with <i>up</i>; as, to <i>pile</i> up wood.</def> "Hills <i>piled</i> on hills." <i>Dryden.</i> "Life <i>piled</i> on life." <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The labor of an age in <i>piled</i> stones.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To cover with heaps; or in great abundance; to fill or overfill; to load.</def></p>

<p><col><b>To pile arms</b></col> or <col><b>muskets</b></col> <i>(Mil.)</i>, <cd>to place three guns together so that they may stand upright, supporting each other; to stack arms.</cd></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pi"le*ate</hw> (?), <hw>Pi"le*a`ted</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>pileatus</i>, fr. <i>pileus</i> a felt cap or hat.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Having the form of a cap for the head.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Having a crest covering the pileus, or whole top of the head.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Pileated woodpecker</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a large American woodpecker (<i>Ceophloeus pileatus</i>). It is black, with a bright red pointed crest. Called also <i>logcock</i>, and <i>woodcock</i>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Piled</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [From 2d <u>Pile</u>.] <def>Having a pile or point; pointed.</def> [Obs.] "Magus threw a spear well <i>piled</i>." <i>Chapman.</i></p>

<p><hw>Piled</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [From 1d <u>Pile</u>.] <def>Having a pile or nap.</def> "Three-<i>piled</i> velvet." <i>L. Barry (1611).</i></p>

<p><hw>Piled</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [From 6d <u>Pile</u>.] <i>(Iron Manuf.)</i> <def>Formed from a pile or fagot; as, <i>piled</i> iron.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pi*le"i*form</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Pileus</i> + <i>-form</i>.] <def>Having the form of a pileus or cap; pileate.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pile"ment</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From <u>Pile</u> to lay into a heap.] <def>An accumulation; a heap.</def> [Obs.] <i>Bp. Hall.</i></p>

<p><! p. 1086 !></p>

<p><hw>||Pi*len"tum</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Pilenta</b></plw> (#). [L.] <i>(Rom. Antiq.)</i> <def>An easy chariot or carriage, used by Roman ladies, and in which the vessels, etc., for sacred rites were carried.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pi`le*o*rhi"za</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Pilorhiz&aelig;</b></plw> (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a cap + &?; root.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A cap of cells which covers the growing extremity of a root; a rootcap.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pi"le*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See <u>Pilous</u>.] <def>Consisting of, or covered with, hair; hairy; pilose.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pil"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who places things in a pile.</def></p>

<p><hw>Piles</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [L. <i>pila</i> a ball. Cf. <u>Pill</u> a medicine.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>The small, troublesome tumors or swellings about the anus and lower part of the rectum which are technically called <i>hemorrhoids</i>. See <u>Hemorrhoids</u>. [The singular <singw><b><i>pile</i></b></singw> is sometimes used.]</def></p>

<p><col><b>Blind piles</b></col>, <cd>hemorrhoids which do not bleed.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pi"le*us</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Pilei</b></plw> (#). [L., a felt cap.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Rom. Antiq.)</i> <def>A kind of skull cap of felt.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The expanded upper portion of many of the fungi. See <u>Mushroom</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The top of the head of a bird, from the bill to the nape.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pile"worm`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The teredo.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pile"-worn`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having the pile worn off; threadbare.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pile"wort`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A plant (<i>Ranunculus Ficaria</i> of Linn&aelig;us) whose tuberous roots have been used in poultices as a specific for the piles.</def> <i>Forsyth.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pil"fer</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Pilfered</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Pilfering</u>.] [OF. <i>pelfrer</i>. See <u>Pelf</u>.] <def>To steal in small quantities, or articles of small value; to practice petty theft.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pil"fer</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To take by petty theft; to filch; to steal little by little.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>And not a year but <i>pilfers</i> as he goes<BR> Some youthful grace that age would gladly keep.</blockquote> <i>Cowper.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pil"fer*er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who pilfers; a petty thief.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pil"fer*ing</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Thieving in a small way.</def> <i>Shak.</i> — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Petty theft.</def> — <wf>Pil"fer*ing*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Pil"fer*y</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Petty theft.</def> [R.] <i>Sir T. North.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pil*gar"lic</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Etymol. uncertain.] <def>One who has lost his hair by disease; a sneaking fellow, or one who is hardly used.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pil"grim</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>pilgrim</i>, <i>pelgrim</i>, <i>pilegrim</i>, <i>pelegrim</i>; cf. D. <i>pelgrim</i>, OHG. <i>piligr&imacr;m</i>, G. <i>pilger</i>, F. <i>p&egrave;lerin</i>, It. <i>pellegrino</i>; all fr. L. <i>peregrinus</i> a foreigner, fr. <i>pereger</i> abroad; <i>per</i> through + <i>ager</i> land, field. See <u>Per-</u>, and <u>Acre</u>, and cf. <u>Pelerine</u>, <u>Peregrine</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A wayfarer; a wanderer; a traveler; a stranger.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Strangers and <i>pilgrims</i> on the earth.</blockquote> <i>Heb. xi. 13.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>One who travels far, or in strange lands, to visit some holy place or shrine as a devotee; as, a <i>pilgrim</i> to Loretto; Canterbury <i>pilgrims</i>. See <u>Palmer</u>.</def> <i>P. Plowman.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pil"grim</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to a pilgrim, or pilgrims; making pilgrimages.</def> "With <i>pilgrim</i> steps." <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Pilgrim fathers</b></col>, <cd>a name popularly given to the one hundred and two English colonists who landed from the Mayflower and made the first settlement in New England at Plymouth in 1620. They were separatists from the Church of England, and most of them had sojourned in Holland.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pil"grim</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To journey; to wander; to ramble.</def> [R.] <i>Grew. Carlyle.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pil"grim*age</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>pilgrimage</i>, <i>pelgrinage</i>; cf. F. <i>p&egrave;lerinage</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The journey of a pilgrim; a long journey; especially, a journey to a shrine or other sacred place. Fig., the journey of human life.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The days of the years of my <i>pilgrimage</i>.</blockquote> <i>Gen. xlvii. 9.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A tedious and wearisome time.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>In prison hast thou spent a <i>pilgrimage</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Journey; tour; excursion. See <u>Journey</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Pil"grim*ize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To wander as a pilgrim; to go on a pilgrimage.</def> [Obs.] <i>B. Jonson.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Pi*lid"i*um</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Pildia</b></plw> (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, dim. of &?; a cap.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The free-swimming, hat-shaped larva of certain nemertean worms. It has no resemblance to its parent, and the young worm develops in its interior.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pi*lif"e*ra</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Piliferous</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Mammalia</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pi*lif"er*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>pilus</i> hair + <i>-ferous</i>: cf. F. <i>pilif&egrave;re</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Bearing a single slender bristle, or hair.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Beset with hairs.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pil"i*form</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>pilus</i> hair + <i>-form</i>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Resembling hairs or down.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pi*lig"er*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>pilus</i> hair + <i>-gerous</i>: cf. F. <i>pilig&egrave;re</i>.] <def>Bearing hair; covered with hair or down; piliferous.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pil"ing</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Pile</u> a heap.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of heaping up.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Iron Manuf.)</i> <def>The process of building up, heating, and working, fagots, or piles, to form bars, etc.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pil"ing</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Pile</u> a stake.] <def>A series of piles; piles considered collectively; as, the <i>piling</i> of a bridge.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Pug piling</b></col>, <cd>sheet piles connected together at the edges by dovetailed tongues and grooves.</cd> — <col><b>Sheet piling</b></col>, <cd>a series of piles made of planks or half logs driven edge to edge, — used to form the walls of cofferdams, etc.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pill</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. <u>Peel</u> skin, or <u>Pillion</u>.] <def>The peel or skin.</def> [Obs.] "Some be covered over with crusts, or hard <i>pills</i>, as the locusts." <i>Holland.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pill</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To be peeled; to peel off in flakes.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pill</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [Cf. L. <i>pilare</i> to deprive of hair, and E. <i>pill</i>, n. (above).] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To deprive of hair; to make bald.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To peel; to make by removing the skin.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>[Jacob] <i>pilled</i> white streaks . . . in the rods.</blockquote> <i>Gen. xxx. 37.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pill</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t. & i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Pilled</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Pilling</u>.] [F. <i>piller</i>, L. <i>pilare</i>; cf. It. <i>pigliare</i> to take. Cf. <u>Peel</u> to plunder.] <def>To rob; to plunder; to pillage; to peel. See <u>Peel</u>, to plunder.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Pillers and robbers were come in to the field to <i>pill</i> and to rob.</blockquote> <i>Sir T. Malroy.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pill</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>pilute</i>, L. <i>pilula</i> a pill, little ball, dim. of L. <i>pila</i> a ball. Cf. <u>Piles</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A medicine in the form of a little ball, or small round mass, to be swallowed whole.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Figuratively, something offensive or nauseous which must be accepted or endured.</def> <i>Udall.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Pill beetle</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>any small beetle of the genus <i>Byrrhus</i>, having a rounded body, with the head concealed beneath the thorax.</cd> — <col><b>Pill bug</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>any terrestrial isopod of the genus <i>Armadillo</i>, having the habit of rolling itself into a ball when disturbed. Called also <i>pill wood louse</i>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pil"lage</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., fr. <i>piller</i> to plunder. See <u>Pill</u> to plunder.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of pillaging; robbery.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>That which is taken from another or others by open force, particularly and chiefly from enemies in war; plunder; spoil; booty.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Which <i>pillage</i> they with merry march bring home.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Plunder; rapine; spoil; depredation. — <u>Pillage</u>, <u>Plunder</u>. <i>Pillage</i> refers particularly to the act of stripping the sufferers of their goods, while <i>plunder</i> refers to the removal of the things thus taken; but the words are freely interchanged.</p>

<p><hw>Pil"lage</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Pillaged</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Pillaging</u> (?).] <def>To strip of money or goods by open violence; to plunder; to spoil; to lay waste; as, to <i>pillage</i> the camp of an enemy.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Mummius . . . took, <i>pillaged</i>, and burnt their city.</blockquote> <i>Arbuthnot.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pil"lage</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To take spoil; to plunder; to ravage.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>They were suffered to <i>pillage</i> wherever they went.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pil"la*ger</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who pillages.</def> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pil"lar</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>piler</i>F. <i>pilier</i>, LL. <i>pilare</i>, <i>pilarium</i>, <i>pilarius</i>, fr. L. <i>pila</i> a pillar. See <u>Pile</u> a heap.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The general and popular term for a firm, upright, insulated support for a superstructure; a pier, column, or post; also, a column or shaft not supporting a superstructure, as one erected for a monument or an ornament.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Jacob set a <i>pillar</i> upon her grave.</blockquote> <i>Gen. xxxv. 20.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The place . . . vast and proud,<BR> Supported by a hundred <i>pillars</i> stood.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Figuratively, that which resembles such a pillar in appearance, character, or office; a supporter or mainstay; as, the <i>Pillars</i> of Hercules; a <i>pillar</i> of the state.</def> "You are a well-deserving <i>pillar</i>." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>By day a cloud, by night a <i>pillar</i> of fire.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(R. C. Ch.)</i> <def>A portable ornamental column, formerly carried before a cardinal, as emblematic of his support to the church.</def> [Obs.] <i>Skelton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Man.)</i> <def>The center of the volta, ring, or manege ground, around which a horse turns.</def></p>

<p><col><b>From pillar to post</b></col>, <cd>hither and thither; to and fro; from one place or predicament to another; backward and forward.</cd> [Colloq.] — <col><b>Pillar saint</b></col>. <cd>See <u>Stylite</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Pillars of the fauces</b></col>. <cd>See <u>Fauces</u>, 1.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pil"lar</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Mach.)</i> <def>Having a support in the form of a pillar, instead of legs; as, a <i>pillar</i> drill.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pil"lar-block`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See under <u>Pillow</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pil"lared</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Supported or ornamented by pillars; resembling a pillar, or pillars.</def> "The <i>pillared</i> arches." <i>Sir W. Scott.</i> "<i>Pillared</i> flame." <i>Thomson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pil"lar*et</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A little pillar.</def> [R.] <i>Fuller.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pil"lar*ist</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Eccl. Hist.)</i> <def>See <u>Stylite</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pil*lau"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Per. & Turk. <i>pilau</i>.] <def>An Oriental dish consisting of rice boiled with mutton, fat, or butter.</def> [Written also <i>pilau</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Pilled</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See 3rd <u>Pill</u>.] <def>Stripped of hair; scant of hair; bald.</def> [Obs.] "<i>Pilled</i> beard." <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pilled"-gar"lic</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Pilgarlic</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pill"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who pills or plunders.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Pill"er*y</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Pilleries</b></plw> (&?;). <def>Plunder; pillage.</def> [Obs.] <i>Daniel.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pil"lion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Ir. <i>pillin</i>, <i>pilliun</i> (akin to Gael. <i>pillean</i>, <i>pillin</i>), fr. Ir. & Gael. <i>pill</i>, <i>peall</i>, a skin or hide, prob. fr. L. <i>pellis</i>. See <u>Pell</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, <u>Fell</u> skin.] <def>A panel or cushion saddle; the under pad or cushion of saddle; esp., a pad or cushion put on behind a man's saddle, on which a woman may ride.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>His [a soldier's] shank <i>pillion</i> without stirrups.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pil"lo*rize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To set in, or punish with, the pillory; to pillory.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Pil"lo*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Pillories</b></plw> (#). [F. <i>pilori</i>; cf. Pr. <i>espitlori</i>, LL. <i>piloricum</i>, <i>pilloricum</i>, <i>pellericum</i>, <i>pellorium</i>, <i>pilorium</i>, <i>spilorium</i>; perhaps from a derivative of L. <i>speculari</i> to look around, observe. Cf. <u>Speculate</u>.] <def>A frame of adjustable boards erected on a post, and having holes through which the head and hands of an offender were thrust so as to be exposed in front of it.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pil"lo*ry</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Pilloried</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Pillorying</u>.] [Cf. F. <i>pilorier</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To set in, or punish with, the pillory.</def> "Hungering for Puritans to <i>pillory</i>." <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Figuratively, to expose to public scorn.</def> <i>Gladstone.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pil"low</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>pilwe</i>, AS. <i>pyle</i>, fr. L. <i>pilvinus</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Anything used to support the head of a person when reposing; especially, a sack or case filled with feathers, down, hair, or other soft material.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>[Resty sloth] finds the down <i>pillow</i> hard.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Mach.)</i> <def>A piece of metal or wood, forming a support to equalize pressure; a brass; a pillow block.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>A block under the inner end of a bowsprit.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>A kind of plain, coarse fustian.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Lace pillow</b></col>, <cd>a cushion used in making hand- wrought lace.</cd> — <col><b>Pillow bier</b></col> [OE. <i>pilwebere</i>; cf. LG. <i>b&uuml;re</i> a pillowcase], <cd>a pillowcase; pillow slip.</cd> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i> — <col><b>Pillow block</b></col> <i>(Mach.)</i>, <cd>a block, or standard, for supporting a journal, as of a shaft. It is usually bolted to the frame or foundation of a machine, and is often furnished with journal boxes, and a movable cover, or cap, for tightening the bearings by means of bolts; — called also <i>pillar block</i>, or <i>plumber block</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Pillow lace</b></col>, <cd>handmade lace wrought with bobbins upon a lace pillow.</cd> — <col><b>Pillow of a plow</b></col>, <cd>a crosspiece of wood which serves to raise or lower the beam.</cd> — <col><b>Pillow sham</b></col>, <cd>an ornamental covering laid over a pillow when not in use.</cd> — <col><b>Pillow slip</b></col>, <cd>a pillowcase.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pil"low</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Pillowed</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Pillowing</u>.] <def>To rest or lay upon, or as upon, a pillow; to support; as, to <i>pillow</i> the head.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Pillows</i> his chin upon an orient wave.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pil"low*case`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A removable case or covering for a pillow, usually of white linen or cotton cloth.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pil"lowed</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Provided with a pillow or pillows; having the head resting on, or as on, a pillow.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Pillowed</i>on buckler cold and hard.</blockquote> <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pil"low*y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Like a pillow.</def> <i>Keats.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pill"-wil`let</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [So named from its note.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The willet.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pill"worm`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any myriapod of the genus <i>Iulus</i> and allied genera which rolls up spirally; a galleyworm. See <i>Illust.</i> under <u>Myriapod</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pill"wort`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Any plant of the genus <i>Pilularia</i>; minute aquatic cryptograms, with small pill-shaped fruit; — sometimes called <i>peppergrass</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pi`lo*car"pine</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From NL. <i>Pilocarpus pennatifolius</i> jaborandi; L. <i>pilus</i> hair + Gr. <grk>karpo`s</grk> fruit: cf. F. <i>pilocarpine</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>An alkaloid extracted from jaborandi (<i>Pilocarpus pennatifolius</i>) as a white amorphous or crystalline substance which has a peculiar effect on the vasomotor system.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pi*lose"</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>pilosus</i>, fr. <i>pilus</i> hair. See <u>Pile</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Hairy; full of, or made of, hair.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The heat-retaining property of the <i>pilose</i> covering.</blockquote> <i>Owen.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Clothed thickly with pile or soft down.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Covered with long, slender hairs; resembling long hairs; hairy; as, <i>pilose</i> pubescence.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pi*los"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>pilosit&eacute;</i>.] <def>The quality or state of being pilose; hairiness.</def> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pi"lot</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>pilote</i>, prob. from D. <i>peillood</i> plummet, sounding lead; <i>peilen</i>, <i>pegelen</i>, to sound, measure (fr. D. & G. <i>peil</i>, <i>pegel</i>, a sort of measure, water mark) + <i>lood</i> lead, akin to E. <i>lead</i>. The pilot, then, is the <i>lead</i> man, i. e., he who throws the lead. See <u>Pail</u>, and <u>Lead</u> a metal.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>One employed to steer a vessel; a helmsman; a steersman.</def> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Specifically, a person duly qualified, and licensed by authority, to conduct vessels into and out of a port, or in certain waters, for a fixed rate of fees.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Figuratively: A guide; a director of another through a difficult or unknown course.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>An instrument for detecting the compass error.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>The cowcatcher of a locomotive.</def> [U.S.]</p>

<p><col><b>Pilot balloon</b></col>, <cd>a small balloon sent up in advance of a large one, to show the direction and force of the wind.</cd> — <col><b>Pilot bird</b></col>. <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>A bird found near the Caribbee Islands; — so called because its presence indicates to mariners their approach to these islands.</cd> <i>Crabb.</i> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>The black- bellied plover.</cd> [Local, U.S.] — <col><b>Pilot boat</b></col>, <cd>a strong, fast-sailing boat used to carry and receive pilots as they board and leave vessels.</cd> — <col><b>Pilot bread</b></col>, <cd>ship biscuit.</cd> — <col><b>Pilot cloth</b></col>, <cd>a coarse, stout kind of cloth for overcoats.</cd> — <col><b>Pilot engine</b></col>, <cd>a locomotive going in advance of a train to make sure that the way is clear.</cd> — <col><b>Pilot fish</b></col>. <i>(Zo&ouml;l)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>A pelagic carangoid fish (<i>Naucrates ductor</i>); — so named because it is often seen in company with a shark, swimming near a ship, on account of which sailors imagine that it acts as a pilot to the shark</cd>. <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>The rudder fish (<i>Seriola zonata</i>).</cd> — <col><b>Pilot jack</b></col>, <cd>a flag or signal hoisted by a vessel for a pilot.</cd> — <col><b>Pilot jacket</b></col>, <cd>a pea jacket.</cd> — <col><b>Pilot nut</b></col> <i>(Bridge Building)</i>, <cd>a conical nut applied temporarily to the threaded end of a pin, to protect the thread and guide the pin when it is driven into a hole.</cd> <i>Waddell.</i> — <col><b>Pilot snake</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>A large North American snake (<i>Coluber obsoleus</i>). It is lustrous black, with white edges to some of the scales. Called also <i>mountain black snake</i>.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>The pine snake.</cd> — <col><b>Pilot whale</b></col>. <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <cd>Same as <u>Blackfish</u>, 1.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pi"lot</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Piloted</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Piloting</u>.] [Cf. F. <i>piloter</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To direct the course of, as of a ship, where navigation is dangerous.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Figuratively: To guide, as through dangers or difficulties.</def> "The art of <i>piloting</i> a state." <i>Berkeley.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pi"lot*age</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>pilotage</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The pilot's skill or knowledge, as of coasts, rocks, bars, and channels.</def> [Obs.] <i>Sir W. Raleigh.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The compensation made or allowed to a pilot.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Guidance, as by a pilot.</def> <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pi"lot*ism</hw> (?), <hw>Pi"lot*ry</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Pilotage; skill in the duties of a pilot.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><! p. 1087 !></p>

<p><hw>Pil"our</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A piller; a plunderer.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Pil"ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Pilose</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pil"ser</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>An insect that flies into a flame.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pil"u*lar</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to pills; resembling a pill or pills; as, a <i>pilular</i> mass.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pil"u*lous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>pilula</i> a pill. See <u>Pill</u>.] <def>Like a pill; small; insignificant.</def> [R.] <i>G. Eliot.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pil"we</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A pillow.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pi"ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Like pile or wool.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pi*mar"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [NL. <i>pi</i>num <i>mar</i>itima, an old name for <i>P. Pinaster</i>, a pine which yields galipot.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, an acid found in galipot, and isomeric with abietic acid.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pi*mel"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; fat.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, a substance obtained from certain fatty substances, and subsequently shown to be a mixture of suberic and adipic acids.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>Designating the acid proper (C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>10</sub>(CO<sub>2</sub>/H)<sub>2</sub>) which is obtained from camphoric acid.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pim"e*lite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; fat.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>An apple-green mineral having a greasy feel. It is a hydrous silicate of nickel, magnesia, aluminia, and iron.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pi"ment</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. See <u>Pimento</u>.] <def>Wine flavored with spice or honey. See <u>Pigment</u>, 3.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Pi*men"ta</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Pimento</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pi*men"to</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Sp. <i>pimiento</i>, <i>pimienta</i>; cf. Pg. <i>pimenta</i>, F. <i>piment</i>; all fr. L. <i>pigmentum</i> a paint, pigment, the juice of plants; hence, something spicy and aromatic. See <u>Pigment</u>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Allspice; — applied both to the tree and its fruit. See <u>Allspice</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pim"li*co</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The friar bird.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pimp</hw> (p&ibreve;mp), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>pimpant</i> smart, sparkish; perh. akin to <i>piper</i> to pipe, formerly also, to excel. Cf. <u>Pipe</u>.] <def>One who provides gratification for the lust of others; a procurer; a pander.</def> <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pimp</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Pimped</u> (p&ibreve;mt; 215); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Pimping</u>.] <def>To procure women for the gratification of others' lusts; to pander.</def> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pim"per*nel</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>pimprenelle</i>; cf. Sp. <i>pimpinela</i>, It. <i>pimpinella</i>; perh. from LL. <i>bipinnella</i>, for <i>bipinnula</i> two-winged, equiv. to L. <i>bipennis</i>; <i>bis</i> twice + <i>penna</i> feather, wing. Cf. <u>Pen</u> a feather.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A plant of the genus <i>Anagallis</i>, of which one species (<i>A. arvensis</i>) has small flowers, usually scarlet, but sometimes purple, blue, or white, which speedily close at the approach of bad weather.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Water pimpernel</b></col>. <i>(Bot.)</i> <cd>See <u>Brookweed</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>||Pim"pil*lo</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A West Indian name for the prickly pear (<i>Opuntia</i>); — called also <i>pimploes</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pim"pi*nel</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Pimpernel</u>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The burnet saxifrage. See under <u>Saxifrage</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pimp"ing</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. G. <i>pimpelig</i>, <i>pimpelnd</i>, sickly, weak.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Little; petty; pitiful.</def> [Obs.] <i>Crabbe.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Puny; sickly.</def> [Local, U.S.]</p>

<p><hw>Pim"ple</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>p&imacr;pelian</i> to blister; cf. L. <i>papula</i> pimple.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Any small acuminated elevation of the cuticle, whether going on to suppuration or not.</def> "All eyes can see a <i>pimple</i> on her nose." <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Fig.: A swelling or protuberance like a pimple.</def> "A <i>pimple</i> that portends a future sprout." <i>Cowper.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pim"pled</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having pimples.</def> <i>Johnson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pim"ply</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pimpled.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pimp"ship</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The office, occupation, or persom of a pimp.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Pin</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <i>(Metal Working)</i> <def>To peen.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pin</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [Cf. <u>Pen</u> to confine, or <u>Pinfold</u>.] <def>To inclose; to confine; to pen; to pound.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pin</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>pinne</i>, AS. <i>pinn</i> a pin, peg; cf. D. <i>pin</i>, G. <i>pinne</i>, Icel. <i>pinni</i>, W. <i>pin</i>, Gael. & Ir. <i>pinne</i>; all fr. L. <i>pinna</i> a pinnacle, pin, feather, perhaps orig. a different word from <i>pinna</i> feather. Cf. <u>Fin</u> of a fish, <u>Pen</u> a feather.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A piece of wood, metal, etc., generally cylindrical, used for fastening separate articles together, or as a support by which one article may be suspended from another; a peg; a bolt.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>With <i>pins</i> of adamant<BR> And chains they made all fast.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Especially, a small, pointed and headed piece of brass or other wire (commonly tinned), largely used for fastening clothes, attaching papers, etc.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Hence, a thing of small value; a trifle.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He . . . did not care a <i>pin</i> for her.</blockquote> <i>Spectator.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>That which resembles a pin in its form or use</def>; as: <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A peg in musical instruments, for increasing or relaxing the tension of the strings.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A linchpin.</def> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <def>A rolling-pin.</def> <sd><i>(d)</i></sd> <def>A clothespin.</def> <sd><i>(e)</i></sd> <i>(Mach.)</i> <def>A short shaft, sometimes forming a bolt, a part of which serves as a journal.</def> See <i>Illust.</i> of <i>Knuckle joint</i>, under <u>Knuckle</u>. <sd><i>(f)</i></sd> <i>(Joinery)</i> <def>The tenon of a dovetail joint.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>One of a row of pegs in the side of an ancient drinking cup to mark how much each man should drink.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>The bull's eye, or center, of a target; hence, the center.</def> [Obs.] "The very <i>pin</i> of his heart cleft." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <def>Mood; humor.</def> [Obs.] "In merry <i>pin</i>." <i>Cowper.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>8.</b></sn> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Caligo. See <u>Caligo</u>.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>9.</b></sn> <def>An ornament, as a brooch or badge, fastened to the clothing by a pin; as, a Masonic <i>pin</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>10.</b></sn> <def>The leg; as, to knock one off his <i>pins</i>.</def> [Slang]</p>

<p><col><b>Banking pin</b></col> <i>(Horol.)</i>, <cd>a pin against which a lever strikes, to limit its motion.</cd> — <col><b>Pin drill</b></col> <i>(Mech.)</i>, <cd>a drill with a central pin or projection to enter a hole, for enlarging the hole, or for sinking a recess for the head of a bolt, etc.; a counterbore.</cd> — <col><b>Pin grass</b></col>. <i>(Bot.)</i> <cd>See <u>Alfilaria</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Pin hole</b></col>, <cd>a small hole made by a pin; hence, any very small aperture or perforation.</cd> — <col><b>Pin lock</b></col>, <cd>a lock having a cylindrical bolt; a lock in which pins, arranged by the key, are used instead of tumblers.</cd> — <col><b>Pin money</b></col>, <cd>an allowance of money, as that made by a husband to his wife, for private and personal expenditure.</cd> — <col><b>Pin rail</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>a rail, usually within the bulwarks, to hold belaying pins. Sometimes applied to the <i>fife rail</i>. Called also <i>pin rack</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Pin wheel</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>A contrate wheel in which the cogs are cylindrical pins</cd>. <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <i>(Fireworks)</i> <cd>A small coil which revolves on a common pin and makes a wheel of yellow or colored fire.</cd> </p>

<p><hw>Pin</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Pinned</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Pinning</u>.] [See <u>Pin</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <def>To fasten with, or as with, a pin; to join; as, to <i>pin</i> a garment; to <i>pin</i> boards together.</def> "As if she would <i>pin</i> her to her heart." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><col><b>To pin one's faith upon</b></col>, <cd>to depend upon; to trust to.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pi"&ntilde;a cloth`</hw> (?). <def>A fine material for ladies' shawls, scarfs, handkerchiefs, etc., made from the fiber of the pineapple leaf, and perhaps from other fibrous tropical leaves. It is delicate, soft, and transparent, with a slight tinge of pale yellow.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pin"a*coid</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;, &?;, a tablet + <i>-oid</i>.] <i>(Crystallog.)</i> <def>A plane parallel to two of the crystalline axes.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pi*nac"o*lin</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Pinac</i>one + L. <i>ol</i>eum oil.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A colorless oily liquid related to the ketones, and obtained by the decomposition of pinacone; hence, by extension, any one of the series of which pinacolin proper is the type.</def> [Written also <i>pinacoline</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Pin"a*cone</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From Gr. &?;, &?;, a tablet. So called because it unites with water so as to form tablet- shaped crystals.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A white crystalline substance related to the glycols, and made from acetone; hence, by extension, any one of a series of substances of which pinacone proper is the type.</def> [Written also <i>pinakone</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>||Pin`a*co*the"ca</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>pinacotheca</i>, fr. Gr. &?;; &?;, &?;, a picture + &?; repisitory.] <def>A picture gallery.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pin"a*fore`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Pin</i> + <i>afore</i>.] <def>An apron for a child to protect the front part of dress; a tier.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pin"a*ko*thek`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [G.] <def>Pinacotheca.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pi*nas"ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., fr. <i>pinus</i> a pine.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A species of pine (<i>Pinus Pinaster</i>) growing in Southern Europe.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pi"nax</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Pinaces</b></plw> (#). [L., fr. Gr. &?; tablet.] <def>A tablet; a register; hence, a list or scheme inscribed on a tablet.</def> [R.] <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Pince`-nez"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>pincer</i> to pinch + <i>nez</i> nose.] <def>Eyeglasses kept on the nose by a spring.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pin"cers</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>pince</i> pinchers, fr. <i>pincer</i> to pinch. See <u>Pinch</u>, <u>Pinchers</u>.] <def>See <u>Pinchers</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pinch</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Pinched</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Pinching</u>.] [F. <i>pincer</i>, probably fr. OD. <i>pitsen</i> to pinch; akin to G. <i>pfetzen</i> to cut, pinch; perhaps of Celtic origin. Cf. <u>Piece</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To press hard or squeeze between the ends of the fingers, between teeth or claws, or between the jaws of an instrument; to squeeze or compress, as between any two hard bodies.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>o seize; to grip; to bite; — said of animals.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>He [the hound] <i>pinched</i> and pulled her down.</blockquote> <i>Chapman.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To plait.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Full seemly her wimple <i>ipinched</i> was.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Figuratively: To cramp; to straiten; to oppress; to starve; to distress; as, to be <i>pinched</i> for money.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Want of room . . . <i>pinching</i> a whole nation.</blockquote> <i>Sir W. Raleigh.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>To move, as a railroad car, by prying the wheels with a pinch. See <u>Pinch</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, 4.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pinch</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To act with pressing force; to compress; to squeeze; as, the shoe <i>pinches</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Hunt.)</i> <def>To take hold; to grip, as a dog does.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To spare; to be niggardly; to be covetous.</def> <i>Gower.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The wretch whom avarice bids to <i>pinch</i> and spare.</blockquote> <i>Franklin.</i></p>

<p><col><b>To pinch at</b></col>, <cd>to find fault with; to take exception to.</cd> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i> </p>

<p><hw>Pinch</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A close compression, as with the ends of the fingers, or with an instrument; a nip.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>As much as may be taken between the finger and thumb; any very small quantity; as, a <i>pinch</i> of snuff.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Pian; pang.</def> "Necessary's sharp <i>pinch</i>." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>A lever having a projection at one end, acting as a fulcrum, — used chiefly to roll heavy wheels, etc. Called also <i>pinch bar</i>.</def></p>

<p><col><b>At a pinch</b></col>, <col><b>On a pinch</b></col>, <cd>in an emergency; as, he could <i>on a pinch</i> read a little Latin.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pinch"beck</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Said to be from the name of the inventor; cf. It. <i>prencisbecco</i>.] <def>An alloy of copper and zinc, resembling gold; a yellow metal, composed of about three ounces of zinc to a pound of copper. It is much used as an imitation of gold in the manufacture of cheap jewelry.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pinch"beck</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Made of pinchbeck; sham; cheap; spurious; unreal.</def> "A <i>pinchbeck</i> throne." <i>J. A. Symonds.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pinch"cock`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A clamp on a flexible pipe to regulate the flow of a fluid through the pipe.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pin"chem</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The European blue titmouse.</def> [Prov. Eng.]</p>

<p><hw>Pinch"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who, or that which, pinches.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pinch"ers</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [From <u>Pinch</u>.] <def>An instrument having two handles and two grasping jaws working on a pivot; — used for griping things to be held fast, drawing nails, etc.</def></p>

<p>&fist; This spelling is preferable to <i>pincers</i>, both on account of its derivation from the English <i>pinch</i>, and because it represents the common pronunciation.</p>

<p><hw>Pinch"fist`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A closefisted person; a miser.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pinch"ing</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Compressing; nipping; griping; niggardly; as, <i>pinching</i> cold; a <i>pinching</i> parsimony.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Pinching bar</b></col>, <cd>a pinch bar. See <u>Pinch</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, 4.</cd> — <col><b>Pinching nut</b></col>, <cd>a check nut. See under <u>Check</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></cd></p>

<p><hw>Pinch"ing*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a pinching way.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pinch"pen`ny</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A miserly person.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pin"coff*in</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From <i>Pincoff</i>, an English manufacturer.] <def>A commercial preparation of garancin, yielding fine violet tints.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pinc"pinc`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Named from its note.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>An African wren warbler. (<i>Drymoica textrix</i>).</def></p>

<p><hw>Pin"cush`ion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A small cushion, in which pins may be stuck for use.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pin"dal</hw> (?), <hw>Pin"dar</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [D. <i>piendel</i>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The peanut (<i>Arachis hypog&aelig;a</i>); — so called in the West Indies.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pin*dar"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>Pindaricus</i>, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; (L. <i>Pindarus</i>) Pindar: cf. F. <i>pindarique</i>.] <def>Of or pertaining to Pindar, the Greek lyric poet; after the style and manner of Pindar; as, <i>Pindaric</i> odes.</def> — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A Pindaric ode.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pin*dar"ic*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pindaric.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Too extravagant and <i>Pindarical</i> for prose.</blockquote> <i>Cowley.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pin"dar*ism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Imitation of Pindar.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pin"dar*ist</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who imitates Pindar.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pin"der</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>pyndan</i> to pen up, fr. <i>pund</i> a pound.] <def>One who impounds; a poundkeeper.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Pine</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>p&imacr;n</i>, L. <i>poena</i> penalty. See <u>Pain</u>.] <def>Woe; torment; pain.</def> [Obs.] "<i>Pyne</i> of hell." <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pine</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Pined</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Pining</u>.] [AS. <i>p&imacr;nan</i> to torment, fr. <i>p&imacr;n</i> torment. See 1st <u>Pine</u>, <u>Pain</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> & <pos><i>v.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To inflict pain upon; to torment; to torture; to afflict.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer. Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>That people that <i>pyned</i> him to death.</blockquote> <i>Piers Plowman.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>One is <i>pined</i> in prison, another tortured on the rack.</blockquote> <i>Bp. Hall.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To grieve or mourn for.</def> [R.] <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pine</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To suffer; to be afflicted.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To languish; to lose flesh or wear away, under any distress or anexiety of mind; to droop; — often used with <i>away</i>.</def> "The roses wither and the lilies <i>pine</i>." <i>Tickell.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To languish with desire; to waste away with longing for something; — usually followed by <i>for</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>For whom, and not for Tybalt, Juliet <i>pined</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — To languish; droop; flag; wither; decay.</p>

<p><hw>Pine</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>p&imacr;n</i>, L. <i>pinus</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Any tree of the coniferous genus <i>Pinus</i>. See <u>Pinus</u>.</def></p>

<p>&fist; There are about twenty-eight species in the United States, of which the <i>white pine</i> (<i>P. Strobus</i>), the <i>Georgia pine</i> (<i>P. australis</i>), the <i>red pine</i> (<i>P. resinosa</i>), and the great West Coast <i>sugar pine</i> (<i>P. Lambertiana</i>) are among the most valuable. The <i>Scotch pine</i> or <i>fir</i>, also called <i>Norway</i> or <i>Riga pine</i> (<i>Pinus sylvestris</i>), is the only British species. The <i>nut pine</i> is any pine tree, or species of pine, which bears large edible seeds. See <u>Pinon</u>.</p>

<p> The spruces, firs, larches, and true cedars, though formerly considered pines, are now commonly assigned to other genera.</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The wood of the pine tree.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A pineapple.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Ground pine</b></col>. <i>(Bot.)</i> <cd>See under <u>Ground</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Norfolk Island pine</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>a beautiful coniferous tree, the <i>Araucaria excelsa</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Pine barren</b></col>, <cd>a tract of infertile land which is covered with pines.</cd> [Southern U.S.] — <col><b>Pine borer</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>any beetle whose larv&aelig; bore into pine trees.</cd> — <col><b>Pine finch</b></col>. <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <cd>See <u>Pinefinch</u>, in the Vocabulary.</cd> — <col><b>Pine grosbeak</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a large grosbeak (<i>Pinicola enucleator</i>), which inhabits the northern parts of both hemispheres. The adult male is more or less tinged with red.</cd> — <col><b>Pine lizard</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a small, very active, mottled gray lizard (<i>Sceloporus undulatus</i>), native of the Middle States; — called also <i>swift</i>, <i>brown scorpion</i>, and <i>alligator</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Pine marten</b></col>. <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>A European weasel (<i>Mustela martes</i>), called also <i>sweet marten</i>, and <i>yellow-breasted marten</i>.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>The American sable. See <u>Sable</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Pine moth</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>any one of several species of small tortricid moths of the genus <i>Retinia</i>, whose larv&aelig; burrow in the ends of the branchlets of pine trees, often doing great damage.</cd> - - <col><b>Pine mouse</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>an American wild mouse (<i>Arvicola pinetorum</i>), native of the Middle States. It lives in pine forests.</cd> — <col><b>Pine needle</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>one of the slender needle-shaped leaves of a pine tree. See <u>Pinus</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Pine-needle wool</b></col>. <cd>See <i>Pine wool</i> (below).</cd> — <col><b>Pine oil</b></col>, <cd>an oil resembling turpentine, obtained from fir and pine trees, and used in making varnishes and colors.</cd> — <col><b>Pine snake</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a large harmless North American snake (<i>Pituophis melanoleucus</i>). It is whitish, covered with brown blotches having black margins. Called also <i>bull snake</i>. The Western pine snake (<i>P. Sayi</i>) is chestnut-brown, mottled with black and orange.</cd> — <col><b>Pine tree</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>a tree of the genus <i>Pinus</i>; pine.</cd> — <col><b>Pine-tree money</b></col>, <cd>money coined in Massachusetts in the seventeenth century, and so called from its bearing a figure of a pine tree.</cd> — <col><b>Pine weevil</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>any one of numerous species of weevils whose larv&aelig; bore in the wood of pine trees. Several species are known in both Europe and America, belonging to the genera <i>Pissodes</i>, <i>Hylobius</i>, etc.</cd> — <col><b>Pine wool</b></col>, <cd>a fiber obtained from pine needles by steaming them. It is prepared on a large scale in some of the Southern United States, and has many uses in the economic arts; — called also <i>pine-needle wool</i>, and <i>pine- wood wool</i>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pi"ne*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>pinea</i> the cone of a pine, from <i>pineus</i> of the pine, from <i>pinus</i> a pine: cf. F. <i>pin&eacute;ale</i>.] <def>Of or pertaining to a pine cone; resembling a pine cone.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Pineal gland</b></col> <i>(Anat.)</i>, <cd>a glandlike body in the roof of the third ventricle of the vertebrate brain; — called also <i>pineal body</i>, <i>epiphysis</i>, <i>conarium</i>. In some animals it is connected with a rudimentary eye, the so-called <i>pineal eye</i>, and in other animals it is supposed to be the remnant of a dorsal median eye.</cd></p>

<p><! p. 1088 !></p>

<p><hw>Pine"ap`ple</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A tropical plant (<i>Ananassa sativa</i>); also, its fruit; — so called from the resemblance of the latter, in shape and external appearance, to the cone of the pine tree. Its origin is unknown, though conjectured to be American.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pine`as"ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Pinaster</u>.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pine"-clad`</hw> (?), <hw>Pine"-crowned`</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Clad or crowned with pine trees; as, <i>pine-clad</i> hills.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pine"drops`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A reddish herb (<i>Pterospora andromedea</i>) of the United States, found parasitic on the roots of pine trees.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pine"finch`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A small American bird (<i>Spinus, or Chrysomitris, spinus</i>); — called also <i>pine siskin</i>, and <i>American siskin</i>.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The pine grosbeak.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pi*nen"chy*ma</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a tablet + <i>-enchyma</i>, as in <i>parenchyma</i>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Tabular parenchyma, a form of cellular tissue in which the cells are broad and flat, as in some kinds of epidermis.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pin"er*y</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Pineries</b></plw> (&?;). <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A pine forest; a grove of pines.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A hothouse in which pineapples are grown.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pine"sap`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A reddish fleshy herb of the genus <i>Monotropa</i> (<i>M. hypopitys</i>), formerly thought to be parasitic on the roots of pine trees, but more probably saprophytic.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pi*ne"tum</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., a pine grove.] <def>A plantation of pine trees; esp., a collection of living pine trees made for ornamental or scientific purposes.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pine"weed`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A low, bushy, nearly leafless herb (<i>Hypericum Sarothra</i>), common in sandy soil in the Eastern United States.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pin"ey</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Piny</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pin"ey</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Of East Indian origin.] <def>A term used in designating an East Indian tree (the <i>Vateria Indica</i> or piney tree, of the order <i>Dipterocarpe&aelig;</i>, which grows in Malabar, etc.) or its products.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Piney dammar</b></col>, <col><b>Piney resin</b></col>, <col><b>Piney varnish</b></col>, <cd>a pellucid, fragrant, acrid, bitter resin, which exudes from the piney tree (<i>Vateria Indica</i>) when wounded. It is used as a varnish, in making candles, and as a substitute for incense and for amber. Called also <i>liquid copal</i>, and <i>white dammar</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Piney tallow</b></col>, <cd>a solid fatty substance, resembling tallow, obtained from the roasted seeds of the <i>Vateria Indica</i>; called also <i>dupada oil</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Piney thistle</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>a plant (<i>Atractylis gummifera</i>), from the bark of which, when wounded, a gummy substance exudes.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pin"-eyed`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Having the stigma visible at the throad of a gamopetalous corolla, while the stamens are concealed in the tube; — said of dimorphous flowers. The opposite of <i>thrum-eyed</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pin"feath`er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A feather not fully developed; esp., a rudimentary feather just emerging through the skin.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pin"feath`ered</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having part, or all, of the feathers imperfectly developed.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pin"fish`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [So called from their sharp dorsal spines.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The sailor's choice (<i>Diplodus, or Lagodon, rhomboides</i>).</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The salt-water bream (<i>Diplodus Holbrooki</i>).</def></p>

<p>&fist; Both are excellent food fishes, common on the coast of the United States south of Cape Hatteras. The name is also applied to other allied species.</p>

<p><hw>Pin"fold`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [For <i>pindfold</i>. See <u>Pinder</u>, <u>Pound</u> an inclosure, and <u>Fold</u> an inclosure.] <def>A place in which stray cattle or domestic animals are confined; a pound; a penfold.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>A parish <i>pinfold</i> begirt by its high hedge.</blockquote> <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ping</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Probably of imitative origin.] <def>The sound made by a bullet in striking a solid object or in passing through the air.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ping</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Pinged</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Pinging</u>.] <def>To make the sound called <i>ping</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pin"gle</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Perhaps fr. <i>pin</i> to impound.] <def>A small piece of inclosed ground.</def> [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]</p>

<p><hw>Ping"ster</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Pinkster</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pin*guic"u*la</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. L. <i>pinguiculus</i> somewhat fat, fattish.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>See <u>Butterwort</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pin"guid</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>pinguis</i> fat.] <def>Fat; unctuous; greasy.</def> [Obs.] "Some clays are more <i>pinguid</i>." <i>Mortimer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pin*guid"i*nous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>pinguedo</i> fatness, fr. <i>pinguis</i> fat.] <def>Containing fat; fatty.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Pin"gui*tude</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>pinguitudo</i>, from <i>pinguis</i> fat.] <def>Fatness; a growing fat; obesity.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Pin"hold`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A place where a pin is fixed.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pi"nic</hw> (&?;), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>pinus</i> pine.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to the pine; obtained from the pine; formerly, designating an acid which is the chief constituent of common resin, — now called <i>abietic</i>, or <i>sylvic</i>, <i>acid</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pin"ing</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Languishing; drooping; wasting away, as with longing.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Wasting; consuming.</def> "The <i>pining</i> malady of France." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pin"ing*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a pining manner; droopingly.</def> <i>Poe.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pin"ion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A moth of the genus <i>Lithophane</i>, as <i>L. antennata</i>, whose larva bores large holes in young peaches and apples.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pin"ion</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>pignon</i> a pen, F., gable, pinion (in sense 5); cf. Sp. <i>pi&ntilde;on</i> pinion; fr. L. <i>pinna</i> pinnacle, feather, wing. See <u>Pin</u> a peg, and cf. <u>Pen</u> a feather, <u>Pennat</u>, <u>Pennon</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A feather; a quill.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A wing, literal or figurative.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Swift on his sooty <i>pinions</i> flits the gnome.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>The joint of bird's wing most remote from the body.</def> <i>Johnson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>A fetter for the arm.</def> <i>Ainsworth.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <i>(Mech.)</i> <def>A cogwheel with a small number of teeth, or leaves, adapted to engage with a larger wheel, or rack (see <u>Rack</u>); esp., such a wheel having its leaves formed of the substance of the arbor or spindle which is its axis.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Lantern pinion</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Lantern</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Pinion wire</b></col>, <cd>wire fluted longitudinally, for making the pinions of clocks and watches. It is formed by being drawn through holes of the shape required for the leaves or teeth of the pinions.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pin"ion</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Pinioned</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Pinioning</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To bind or confine the wings of; to confine by binding the wings.</def> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To disable by cutting off the pinion joint.</def> <i>Johnson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To disable or restrain, as a person, by binding the arms, esp. by binding the arms to the body.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Her elbows <i>pinioned</i> close upon her hips.</blockquote> <i>Cowper.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Hence, generally, to confine; to bind; to tie up.</def> "<i>Pinioned</i> up by formal rules of state." <i>Norris.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pin"ioned</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having wings or pinions.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pin"ion*ist</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any winged creature.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pin"ite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [So called from <i>Pini</i>, a mine in Saxony.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>A compact granular cryptocrystalline mineral of a dull grayish or greenish white color. It is a hydrous alkaline silicate, and is derived from the alteration of other minerals, as iolite.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pi"nite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>pinus</i> the pine tree.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Paleon.)</i> <def>Any fossil wood which exhibits traces of having belonged to the Pine family.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A sweet white crystalline substance extracted from the gum of a species of pine (<i>Pinus Lambertina</i>). It is isomeric with, and resembles, quercite.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pink</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [D. <i>pink</i>.] <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>A vessel with a very narrow stern; — called also <i>pinky</i>.</def> <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Pink stern</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>a narrow stern.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pink</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [D. <i>pinken</i>, <i>pinkoogen</i>, to blink, twinkle with the eyes.] <def>To wink; to blink.</def> [Obs.] <i>L'Estrange.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pink</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Half-shut; winking.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pink</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Pinked</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Pinking</u>.] [OE. <i>pinken</i> to prick, probably a nasalized form of <i>pick</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To pierce with small holes; to cut the edge of, as cloth or paper, in small scallops or angles.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To stab; to pierce as with a sword.</def> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To choose; to cull; to pick out.</def> [Obs.] <i>Herbert.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pink</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A stab.</def> <i>Grose.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pink</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Perh. akin to <i>pick</i>; as if the edges of the petals were picked out. Cf. <u>Pink</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A name given to several plants of the caryophyllaceous genus <i>Dianthus</i>, and to their flowers, which are sometimes very fragrant and often double in cultivated varieties. The species are mostly perennial herbs, with opposite linear leaves, and handsome five-petaled flowers with a tubular calyx.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A color resulting from the combination of a pure vivid red with more or less white; — so called from the common color of the flower.</def> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Anything supremely excellent; the embodiment or perfection of something.</def> "The very <i>pink</i> of courtesy." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The European minnow; — so called from the color of its abdomen in summer.</def> [Prov. Eng.]</p>

<p><col><b>Bunch pink</b></col><cd> is <i>Dianthus barbatus</i>.</cd> — <col><b>China</b></col>, or <col><b>Indian</b></col>, <col><b>pink</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>China</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Clove pink</b></col><cd> is <i>Dianthus Caryophyllus</i>, the stock from which carnations are derived.</cd> — <col><b>Garden pink</b></col>. <cd>See <u>Pheasant's eye</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Meadow pink</b></col><cd> is applied to <i>Dianthus deltoides</i>; also, to the ragged robin.</cd> — <col><b>Maiden pink</b></col>, <cd><i>Dianthus deltoides</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Moss pink</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Moss</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Pink needle</b></col>, <cd>the pin grass; — so called from the long, tapering points of the carpels. See <u>Alfilaria</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Sea pink</b></col>. <cd>See <u>Thrift</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pink</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Resembling the garden pink in color; of the color called <i>pink</i> (see 6th <u>Pink</u>, 2); as, a <i>pink</i> dress; <i>pink</i> ribbons.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Pink eye</b></col> <i>(Med.)</i>, <cd>a popular name for an epidemic variety of ophthalmia, associated with early and marked redness of the eyeball.</cd> — <col><b>Pink salt</b></col> <i>(Chem. & Dyeing)</i>, <cd>the double chlorides of (stannic) tin and ammonium, formerly much used as a mordant for madder and cochineal.</cd> — <col><b>Pink saucer</b></col>, <cd>a small saucer, the inner surface of which is covered with a pink pigment.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pinked</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pierced with small holes; worked in eyelets; scalloped on the edge.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pink"-eyed`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Pink</i> half- shut + <i>eye</i>.] <def>Having small eyes.</def> <i>Holland.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pink"ing</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of piercing or stabbing.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The act or method of decorating fabrics or garments with a pinking iron; also, the style of decoration; scallops made with a pinking iron.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Pinking iron</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>An instrument for scalloping the edges of ribbons, flounces, etc.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>A sword.</cd> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><hw>Pink"ish</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Somewhat pink.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pink"ness</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Quality or state of being pink.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pink"root`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>The root of <i>Spigelia Marilandica</i>, used as a powerful vermifuge; also, that of <i>S. Anthelmia</i>. See definition 2 (below).</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A perennial North American herb (<i>Spigelia Marilandica</i>), sometimes cultivated for its showy red blossoms. Called also <i>Carolina pink</i>, <i>Maryland pinkroot</i>, and <i>worm grass</i>.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>An annual South American and West Indian plant (<i>Spigelia Anthelmia</i>).</def></p>

<p><hw>Pink"ster</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [D. <i>pinkster</i>, <i>pinksteren</i>, fr. Gr. &?;. See <u>Pentecost</u>.] <def>Whitsuntide.</def> [Written also <i>pingster</i> and <i>pinxter</i>.]</p>

<p><col><b>Pinkster flower</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>the rosy flower of the <i>Azalea nudiflora</i>; also, the shrub itself; — called also <i>Pinxter blomachee</i> by the New York descendants of the Dutch settlers.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pink" stern`</hw> (?). [See 1st <u>Pink</u>.] <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>See <u>Chebacco</u>, and 1st <u>Pink</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pink"-sterned`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See 1st <u>Pink</u>.] <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>Having a very narrow stern; — said of a vessel.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pink"y</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>See 1st <u>Pink</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pin"na</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Pinn&aelig;</b></plw> (#), E. <plw><b>Pinnas</b></plw> (#). [L., a feather.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A leaflet of a pinnate leaf. See <i>Illust.</i> of <i>Bipinnate leaf</i>, under <u>Bipinnate</u>.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>One of the primary divisions of a decompound leaf.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of the divisions of a pinnate part or organ.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> [L. <i>pinna</i>, akin to Gr. &?;.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any species of <i>Pinna</i>, a genus of large bivalve mollusks found in all warm seas. The byssus consists of a large number of long, silky fibers, which have been used in manufacturing woven fabrics, as a curiosity.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>The auricle of the ear. See <u>Ear</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pin"nace</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>pinasse</i>; cf. It. <i>pinassa</i>, <i>pinazza</i>, Sp. <i>pinaza</i>; all from L. <i>pinus</i> a pine tree, anything made of pine, e.g., a ship. Cf. <u>Pine</u> a tree.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Naut.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A small vessel propelled by sails or oars, formerly employed as a tender, or for coast defence; — called originally, <i>spynace</i> or <i>spyne</i>.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A man-of-war's boat.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Whilst our <i>pinnace</i> anchors in the Downs.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A procuress; a pimp.</def> [Obs.] <i>B. Jonson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pin"na*cle</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>pinacle</i>, F. <i>pinacle</i>, L. <i>pinnaculum</i>, fr. <i>pinna</i> pinnacle, feather. See <u>Pin</u> a peg.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>An architectural member, upright, and generally ending in a small spire, — used to finish a buttress, to constitute a part in a proportion, as where pinnacles flank a gable or spire, and the like. Pinnacles may be considered primarily as added weight, where it is necessary to resist the thrust of an arch, etc.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Some renowned metropolis<BR> With glistering spires and <i>pinnacles</i> around.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Anything resembling a pinnacle; a lofty peak; a pointed summit.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Three silent <i>pinnacles</i> of aged snow.</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The slippery tops of human state,<BR> The gilded <i>pinnacles</i> of fate.</blockquote> <i>Cowley.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pin"na*cle</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Pinnacled</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Pinnacling</u> (?).] <def>To build or furnish with a pinnacle or pinnacles.</def> <i>T. Warton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pin"nage</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. <u>Pinfold</u>.] <def>Poundage of cattle. See <u>Pound</u>.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p>{ <hw>Pin"nate</hw> (?), <hw>Pin"na*ted</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>pinnatus</i> feathered, fr. <i>pinna</i> a feather. See <u>Pin</u> a peg, <u>Pen</u> feather.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Consisting of several leaflets, or separate portions, arranged on each side of a common petiole, as the leaves of a rosebush, a hickory, or an ash. See <i>Abruptly pinnate</i>, and <i>Illust.</i>, under <u>Abruptly</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Having a winglike tuft of long feathers on each side of the neck.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Pinnated grouse</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the prairie chicken.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pin"nate*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a pinnate manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pin*nat"i*fid</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>pinnatus</i> feathered + root of <i>findere</i> to split: cf. F. <i>pinnatifide</i>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Divided in a pinnate manner, with the divisions not reaching to the midrib.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pin*nat`i*lo"bate</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See <u>Pinnate</u>, and <u>Lobate</u>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Having lobes arranged in a pinnate manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pin*nat"i*ped</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>pinnatus</i> feathered + <i>pes</i>, <i>pedis</i> foot: cf. F. <i>pinnatip&egrave;de</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Having the toes bordered by membranes; fin-footed, as certain birds.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pin*nat"i*ped</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any bird which has the toes bordered by membranes.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pin"ner</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who, or that which, pins or fastens, as with pins.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Costume)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A headdress like a cap, with long lappets.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>An apron with a bib; a pinafore.</def> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <def>A cloth band for a gown.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>With kerchief starched, and <i>pinners</i> clean.</blockquote> <i>Gay.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A pin maker.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pin"ner</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Pin</u> to pound.] <def>One who pins or impounds cattle. See <u>Pin</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos></def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Pin"net</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A pinnacle.</def> [R.] <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pin"ni*form</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>pinna</i> feather, fin + <i>-form</i>.] <def>Shaped like a fin or feather.</def> <i>Sir J. Hill.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Pin`ni*gra"da</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr. <i>pinna</i> a feather + <i>gradi</i> to walk, move.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Pinnipedia</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pin"ni*grade</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>An animal of the seal tribe, moving by short feet that serve as paddles.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pin"ni*ped</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>pinna</i> feather, fin + <i>pes</i>, <i>pedis</i>, a foot: cf. F. <i>pinnip&egrave;de</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>One of the Pinnipedia; a seal.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>One of the Pinnipedes.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pin*nip"e*des</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Steganopodes</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pin`ni*pe"di*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL. So called because their webbed feet are used as paddles or fins.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A suborder of aquatic carnivorous mammals including the seals and walruses; — opposed to <i>Fissipedia</i>.</def></p>

<p><! p. 1089 !></p>

<p><hw>Pin"nock</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Of uncertain origin.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The hedge sparrow.</def> [Prov. Eng.] <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The tomtit.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pin"no*there</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; a pinna + &?; an animal.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A crab of the genus <i>pinnotheres</i>. See <i>Oyster crab</i>, under <u>Oyster</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pin"nu*la</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Pinnul&aelig;</b></plw> (#). [L.] <def>Same as <u>Pinnule</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pin"nu*late</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See <u>Pinnule</u>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Having each pinna subdivided; — said of a leaf, or of its pinn&aelig;.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pin"nu*la`ted</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Having pinnules.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pin"nule</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>pinnula</i>, dim. of <i>pinna</i> feather: cf. F. <i>pinnule</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>One of the small divisions of a decompound frond or leaf. See <i>Illust.</i> of <i>Bipinnate leaf</i>, under <u>Bipinnate</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any one of a series of small, slender organs, or parts, when arranged in rows so as to have a plumelike appearance; as, a <i>pinnule</i> of a gorgonia; the <i>pinnules</i> of a crinoid.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pin"ny*win`kles</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> <def>An instrument of torture, consisting of a board with holes into which the fingers were pressed, and fastened with pegs.</def> [Written also <i>pilliewinkles</i>.] [Scot.] <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pin"o*cle</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Penuchle</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pi*nole"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>An aromatic powder used in Italy in the manufacture of chocolate.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Parched maize, ground, and mixed with sugar, etc. Mixed with water, it makes a nutritious beverage.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pi&ntilde;"on</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Sp. <i>pi&ntilde;on</i>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The edible seed of several species of pine; also, the tree producing such seeds, as <i>Pinus Pinea</i> of Southern Europe, and <i>P. Parryana, cembroides, edulis, and monophylla</i>, the nut pines of Western North America.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>See <u>Monkey's puzzle</u>.</def> [Written also <i>pignon</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Pin"patch`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The common English periwinkle.</def> [Prov. Eng.]</p>

<p><hw>Pint</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>pinte</i>, F. <i>pinte</i>, fr. Sp. <i>pinta</i> spot, mark, pint, fr. <i>pintar</i> to paint; a mark for a pint prob. having been made on or in a larger measure. See <u>Paint</u>.] <def>A measure of capacity, equal to half a quart, or four gills, — used in liquid and dry measures. See <u>Quart</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pint</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The laughing gull.</def> [Prov. Eng.]</p>

<p><hw>Pin*ta"do</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Pintados</b></plw> (#). [Sp., painted, fr. <i>pintar</i> to paint.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any bird of the genus <i>Numida</i>. Several species are found in Africa. The common pintado, or Guinea fowl, the helmeted, and the crested pintados, are the best known. See <i>Guinea fowl</i>, under <u>Guinea</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pin"tail`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A northern duck (<i>Dafila acuta</i>), native of both continents. The adult male has a long, tapering tail. Called also <i>gray duck</i>, <i>piketail</i>, <i>piket-tail</i>, <i>spike- tail</i>, <i>split-tail</i>, <i>springtail</i>, <i>sea pheasant</i>, and <i>gray widgeon</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The sharp-tailed grouse of the great plains and Rocky Mountains (<i>Pedioc&aelig;tes phasianellus</i>); — called also <i>pintailed grouse</i>, <i>pintailed chicken</i>, <i>springtail</i>, and <i>sharptail</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pin"-tailed`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Having a tapered tail, with the middle feathers longest; — said of birds.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pin"tle</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [A diminutive of <u>Pin</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A little pin.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Mech.)</i> <def>An upright pivot pin</def>; as: <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The pivot pin of a hinge.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A hook or pin on which a rudder hangs and turns.</def> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <def>A pivot about which the chassis swings, in some kinds of gun carriages.</def> <sd><i>(d)</i></sd> <def>A kingbolt of a wagon.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pin"tos</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos>; sing. <singw><b>Pinto</b></singw> (&?;). [Sp., painted, mottled.] <i>(Eyhnol.)</i> <def>A mountain tribe of Mexican Indians living near Acapulco. They are remarkable for having the dark skin of the face irregularly spotted with white. Called also <i>speckled Indians</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pin"ule</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. <u>Pinnule</u>.] <i>(Astron.)</i> <def>One of the sights of an astrolabe.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>||Pi"nus</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., a pine tree.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A large genus of evergreen coniferous trees, mostly found in the northern hemisphere. The genus formerly included the firs, spruces, larches, and hemlocks, but is now limited to those trees which have the primary leaves of the branchlets reduced to mere scales, and the secondary ones (<i>pine needles</i>) acicular, and usually in fascicles of two to seven. See <u>Pine</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pin"weed`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Any plant of the genus <i>Lechea</i>, low North American herbs with branching stems, and very small and abundant leaves and flowers.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pin"worm`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A small nematoid worm (<i>Oxyurus vermicularis</i>), which is parasitic chiefly in the rectum of man. It is most common in children and aged persons.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pinx"it</hw> (?). [L., perfect indicative 3d sing. of <i>pingere</i> to paint.] <def>A word appended to the artist's name or initials on a painting, or engraved copy of a painting; as, <i>Rubens pinxit</i>, Rubens painted (this).</def></p>

<p><hw>Pinx"ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Pinkster</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pin"y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Abounding with pines.</def> [Written also <i>piney</i>.] "The <i>piny</i> wood." <i>Longfellow.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pi"o*ned</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>A Shakespearean word of disputed meaning; perh., "abounding in marsh marigolds."</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Thy banks with <i>pioned</i> and twilled brims.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pi`o*neer"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>pionier</i>, orig., a foot soldier, OF. <i>peonier</i>, fr. OF. <i>peon</i> a foot soldier, F. <i>pion</i>. See <u>Pawn</u> in chess.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Mil.)</i> <def>A soldier detailed or employed to form roads, dig trenches, and make bridges, as an army advances.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>One who goes before, as into the wilderness, preparing the way for others to follow; as, <i>pioneers</i> of civilization; <i>pioneers</i> of reform.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pi`o*neer"</hw>, <pos><i>v. t. & i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Pioneered</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Pioneering</u>.] <def>To go before, and prepare or open a way for; to act as pioneer.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pi`o*ner"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A pioneer.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pi"o*ny</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>See <u>Peony</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pi"ot</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Piet</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The magpie.</def> [Obs. or Prov. Eng. & Scot.] <i>Holland.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pi"ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>pius</i>: cf. F. <i>pieux</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Of or pertaining to piety; exhibiting piety; reverential; dutiful; religious; devout; godly.</def> "<i>Pious</i> hearts." <i>Milton.</i> "<i>Pious</i> poetry." <i>Johnson.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Where was the martial brother's <i>pious</i> care?</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Practiced under the pretext of religion; prompted by mistaken piety; as, <i>pious</i> errors; <i>pious</i> frauds.</def></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Godly; devout; religious; righteous.</p>

<p><hw>Pi"ous*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a pious manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pip</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>pippe</i>, D. <i>pip</i>, or F. <i>p&eacute;pie</i>; from LL. <i>pipita</i>, fr. L. <i>pituita</i> slime, phlegm, rheum, in fowls, the pip. Cf. <u>Pituite</u>.] <def>A contagious disease of fowls, characterized by hoarseness, discharge from the nostrils and eyes, and an accumulation of mucus in the mouth, forming a "scale" on the tongue. By some the term <i>pip</i> is restricted to this last symptom, the disease being called <i>roup</i> by them.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pip</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Formerly <i>pippin</i>, <i>pepin</i>. Cf. <u>Pippin</u>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A seed, as of an apple or orange.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pip</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Perh. for <i>pick</i>, F. <i>pique</i> a spade at cards, a pike. Cf. <u>Pique</u>.] <def>One of the conventional figures or "spots" on playing cards, dominoes, etc.</def> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pip</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Pipped</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Pipping</u>.] [See <u>Peep</u>.] <def>To cry or chirp, as a chicken; to peep.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>To hear the chick <i>pip</i> and cry in the egg.</blockquote> <i>Boyle.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pi*pa</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Pipas</b></plw> (&?;). <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The Surinam toad (<i>Pipa Americana</i>), noted for its peculiar breeding habits.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The male places the eggs on the back of the female, where they soon become inclosed in capsules formed by the thickening of the skin. The incubation of the eggs takes place in the capsules, and the young, when hatched, come forth with well developed legs.</p>

<p><hw>Pip"age</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Transportation, as of petroleum oil, by means of a pipe conduit; also, the charge for such transportation.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pi"pal tree`</hw> (?). <def>Same as <u>Peepul tree</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pipe</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>p&imacr;pe</i>, probably fr. L. <i>pipare</i>, <i>pipire</i>, to chirp; of imitative origin. Cf. <u>Peep</u>, <u>Pibroch</u>, <u>Fife</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A wind instrument of music, consisting of a tube or tubes of straw, reed, wood, or metal; any tube which produces musical sounds; as, a shepherd's <i>pipe</i>; the <i>pipe</i> of an organ.</def> "Tunable as sylvan <i>pipe</i>." <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Now had he rather hear the tabor and the <i>pipe</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Any long tube or hollow body of wood, metal, earthenware, or the like: especially, one used as a conductor of water, steam, gas, etc.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A small bowl with a hollow steam, — used in smoking tobacco, and, sometimes, other substances.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>A passageway for the air in speaking and breathing; the windpipe, or one of its divisions.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>The key or sound of the voice.</def> [R.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>The peeping whistle, call, or note of a bird.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The earliest <i>pipe</i> of half-awakened birds.</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <i>pl.</i> <def>The bagpipe; as, the <i>pipes</i> of Lucknow.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>8.</b></sn> <i>(Mining)</i> <def>An elongated body or vein of ore.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>9.</b></sn> <def>A roll formerly used in the English exchequer, otherwise called the <i>Great Roll</i>, on which were taken down the accounts of debts to the king; — so called because put together like a pipe.</def> <i>Mozley & W.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>10.</b></sn> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>A boatswain's whistle, used to call the crew to their duties; also, the sound of it.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>11.</b></sn> [Cf. F. <i>pipe</i>, fr. <i>pipe</i> a wind instrument, a tube, fr. L. <i>pipare</i> to chirp. See Etymol. above.] <def>A cask usually containing two hogsheads, or 126 wine gallons; also, the quantity which it contains.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Pipe fitter</b></col>, <cd>one who fits pipes together, or applies pipes, as to an engine or a building.</cd> — <col><b>Pipe fitting</b></col>, <cd>a piece, as a coupling, an elbow, a valve, etc., used for connecting lengths of pipe or as accessory to a pipe.</cd> — <col><b>Pipe office</b></col>, <cd>an ancient office in the Court of Exchequer, in which the clerk of the pipe made out leases of crown lands, accounts of cheriffs, etc.</cd> [Eng.] — <col><b>Pipe tree</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>the lilac and the mock orange; — so called because their were formerly used to make pipe stems; — called also <i>pipe privet</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Pipe wrench</b></col>, or <col><b>Pipetongs</b></col>, <cd>a jawed tool for gripping a pipe, in turning or holding it.</cd> — <col><b>To smoke the pipe of peace</b></col>, <cd>to smoke from the same pipe in token of amity or preparatory to making a treaty of peace, — a custom of the American Indians.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pipe</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To play on a pipe, fife, flute, or other tubular wind instrument of music.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>We have <i>piped</i> unto you, and ye have not danced.</blockquote> <i>Matt. xi. 17.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>To call, convey orders, etc., by means of signals on a pipe or whistle carried by a boatswain.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To emit or have a shrill sound like that of a pipe; to whistle.</def> "Oft in the <i>piping</i> shrouds." <i>Wordsworth.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Metal.)</i> <def>To become hollow in the process of solodifying; — said of an ingot, as of steel.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pipe</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Piped</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Piping</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To perform, as a tune, by playing on a pipe, flute, fife, etc.; to utter in the shrill tone of a pipe.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A robin . . . was <i>piping</i> a few querulous notes.</blockquote> <i>W. Irving.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>To call or direct, as a crew, by the boatswain's whistle.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>As fine a ship's company as was ever <i>piped</i> aloft.</blockquote> <i>Marryat.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To furnish or equip with pipes; as, to <i>pipe</i> an engine, or a building.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pipe" clay`</hw> (kl&amacr;`). <def>A plastic, unctuous clay of a grayish white color, — used in making tobacco pipes and various kinds of earthenware, in scouring cloth, and in cleansing soldiers' equipments.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pipe"clay`</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To whiten or clean with pipe clay, as a soldier's accouterments.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To clear off; as, to <i>pipeclay</i> accounts.</def> [Slang, Eng.]</p>

<p><hw>Piped</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Formed with a pipe; having pipe or pipes; tubular.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pipe"fish`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any lophobranch fish of the genus <i>Siphostoma</i>, or <i>Syngnathus</i>, and allied genera, having a long and very slender angular body, covered with bony plates. The mouth is small, at the end of a long, tubular snout. The male has a pouch on his belly, in which the incubation of the eggs takes place.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pipe"lay`er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, <i>or</i> <hw>Pipe" lay`er</hw>. <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who lays conducting pipes in the ground, as for water, gas, etc.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Polit. Cant)</i> <def>A politician who works in secret; — in this sense, usually written as one word.</def> [U.S.]</p>

<p><hw>Pipe"lay`ing</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, <i>or</i> <hw>Pipe" lay`ing</hw>. <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The laying of conducting pipes underground, as for water, gas, etc.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Polit. Cant)</i> <def>The act or method of making combinations for personal advantage secretly or slyly; — in this sense, usually written as one word.</def> [U.S.]</p>

<p><hw>Pipe"mouth`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any fish of the genus Fistularia; — called also <i>tobacco pipefish</i>. See <u>Fistularia</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pi"per</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L.] <def>See <u>Pepper</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pip"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Mus.)</i> <def>One who plays on a pipe, or the like, esp. on a bagpipe.</def> "The hereditary <i>piper</i> and his sons." <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A common European gurnard (<i>Trigla lyra</i>), having a large head, with prominent nasal projection, and with large, sharp, opercular spines.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A sea urchin (<i>Goniocidaris hystrix</i>) having very long spines, native of both the American and European coasts.</def></p>

<p><col><b>To pay the piper</b></col>, <cd>to bear the cost, expense, or trouble.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pip`er*a"ceous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>piper</i> pepper.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to the order of plants (<i>Piperace&aelig;</i>) of which the pepper (<i>Piper nigrum</i>) is the type. There are about a dozen genera and a thousand species, mostly tropical plants with pungent and aromatic qualities.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pi*per"ic</hw> (p&isl;*p&ebreve;r"&ibreve;k), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, or designating, a complex organic acid found in the products of different members of the Pepper family, and extracted as a yellowish crystalline substance.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pip"er*idge</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Pepperidge</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pi*per"i*dine</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>An oily liquid alkaloid, C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>11</sub>N, having a hot, peppery, ammoniacal odor. It is related to pyridine, and is obtained by the decomposition of piperine.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pip"er*ine</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>piper</i> pepper: cf. F. <i>piperin</i>, <i>piperine</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A white crystalline compound of piperidine and piperic acid. It is obtained from the black pepper (<i>Piper nigrum</i>) and other species.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pip`er*o"nal</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A white crystalline substance obtained by oxidation of piperic acid, and regarded as a complex aldehyde.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pi*per"y*lene</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Piper</i>idine + acet<i>ylene</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A hydrocarbon obtained by decomposition of certain piperidine derivatives.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pipe"stem`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The hollow stem or tube of a pipe used for smoking tobacco, etc.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Took a long reed for a <i>pipestem</i>.</blockquote> <i>Longfellow.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pipe"stone`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A kind of clay slate, carved by the Indians into tobacco pipes. Cf. <u>Catlinite</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pi*pette"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., dim. of <i>pipe</i>.] <def>A small glass tube, often with an enlargement or bulb in the middle, and usually graduated, — used for transferring or delivering measured quantities.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pipe"vine`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The Dutchman's pipe. See under <u>Dutchman</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pipe"wort`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Any plant of a genus (<i>Eriocaulon</i>) of aquatic or marsh herbs with soft grass-like leaves.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pip"ing</hw> (p&imacr;p"&ibreve;ng), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [From <u>Pipe</u>, <pos><i>v.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Playing on a musical pipe.</def> "Lowing herds and <i>piping swains</i>." <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Peaceful; favorable to, or characterized by, the music of the pipe rather than of the drum and fife.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Emitting a high, shrill sound.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Simmering; boiling; sizzling; hissing; — from the sound of boiling fluids.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Piping crow</b></col>, <col><b>Piping crow shrike</b></col>, <col><b>Piping roller</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>any Australian bird of the genus <i>Gymnorhina</i>, esp. <i>G. tibicen</i>, which is black and white, and the size of a small crow. Called also <i>caruck</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Piping frog</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a small American tree frog (<i>Hyla Pickeringii</i>) which utters a high, shrill note in early spring.</cd> — <col><b>Piping hot</b></col>, <cd>boiling hot; hissing hot; very hot.</cd> [Colloq.] <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pip"ing</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A small cord covered with cloth, — used as trimming for women's dresses.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Pipes, collectively; as, the <i>piping</i> of a house.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>The act of playing on a pipe; the shrill noted of birds, etc.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>A piece cut off to be set or planted; a cutting; also, propagation by cuttings.</def></p>

<p><! p. 1090 !></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pi*pis"trel</hw> (?), <hw>Pip`i*strelle"</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>pipistrelle</i>, It. <i>pipistrello</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A small European bat (<i>Vesperugo pipistrellus</i>); — called also <i>flittermouse</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pip"it</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [So named from its call note.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any one of numerous species of small singing birds belonging to <i>Anthus</i> and allied genera, of the family <i>Motacillid&aelig;</i>. They strongly resemble the true larks in habits, colors, and the great length of the hind claw. They are, therefore, often called <i>titlarks</i>, and <i>pipit larks</i>.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The <i>meadow pipit</i> (<i>Anthus pratensis</i>); the <i>tree pipit</i>, or tree lark (<i>A. trivialis</i>); and the <i>rock pipit</i>, or sea lark (<i>A. obscurus</i>) are well-known European species. The common American <i>pipit</i>, or brown lark, is <i>Anthus Pensilvanicus</i>. The Western species (<i>A. Spraguei</i>) is called the <i>American skylark</i>, on account of its musical powers.</p>

<p><hw>Pip"kin</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>[Dim. of <u>Pipe</u>.] <def>A small earthen boiler.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pip"pin</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Probably fr. OE. <i>pippin</i> a seed, as being raised from the seed. See <u>Pip</u> a seed.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>An apple from a tree raised from the seed and not grafted; a seedling apple.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A name given to apples of several different kinds, as <i>Newtown pippin</i>, <i>summer pippin</i>, <i>fall pippin</i>, <i>golden pippin</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>We will eat a last year's <i>pippin</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Normandy pippins</b></col>, <cd>sun-dried apples for winter use.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pip"pul tree`</hw> (?). <def>Same as <u>Peepul tree</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pi"pra</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Pipras</b></plw> (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a woodpecker.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any one of numerous species of small clamatorial birds belonging to <i>Pipra</i> and allied genera, of the family <i>Piprid&aelig;</i>. The male is usually glossy black, varied with scarlet, yellow, or sky blue. They chiefly inhabit South America.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pi"prine</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to the pipras, or the family <i>Piprid&aelig;</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pip*sis"se*wa</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From American Indian.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A low evergreen plant (<i>Chimaphila umbellata</i>), with narrow, wedge-lanceolate leaves, and an umbel of pretty nodding fragrant blossoms. It has been used in nephritic diseases. Called also <i>prince's pine</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pip"y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Like a pipe; hollow- stemmed.</def> <i>Keats.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pi"quan*cy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Piquant</u>.] <def>The quality or state of being piquant.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pi"quant</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [F., p. pr. of <i>piquer</i> to prick or sting. See <u>Pike</u>.] <def>Stimulating to the taste; giving zest; tart; sharp; pungent; as, a <i>piquant</i> anecdote.</def> "As <i>piquant</i> to the tongue as salt." <i>Addison.</i> "<i>Piquant</i> railleries." <i>Gov. of Tongue.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pi"quant*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a piquant manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pi`qu&eacute;"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., p. p. of <i>piquer</i> to prick.] <def>A cotton fabric, figured in the loom, — used as a dress goods for women and children, and for vestings, etc.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pique</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The jigger. See <u>Jigger</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pique</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., fr. <i>piquer</i>. See <u>Pike</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A feeling of hurt, vexation, or resentment, awakened by a social slight or injury; irritation of the feelings, as through wounded pride; stinging vexation.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Men take up <i>piques</i> and displeasures.</blockquote> <i>Dr. H. More.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Wars had arisen . . . upon a personal <i>pique</i>.</blockquote> <i>De Quincey.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Keenly felt desire; a longing.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Though it have the <i>pique</i>, and long,<BR> 'Tis still for something in the wrong.</blockquote> <i>Hudibras.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Card Playing)</i> <def>In piquet, the right of the elder hand to count thirty in hand, or to play before the adversary counts one.</def></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Displeasure; irritation; grudge; spite. <u>Pique</u>, <u>Spite</u>, <u>Grudge</u>. <i>Pique</i> denotes a quick and often transient sense of resentment for some supposed neglect or injury, but it is not marked by malevolence. <i>Spite</i> is a stronger term, denoting settled ill will or malice, with a desire to injure, as the result of extreme irritation. <i>Grudge</i> goes still further, denoting cherished and secret enmity, with an unforgiving spirit. A <i>pique</i> is usually of recent date; a <i>grudge</i> is that which has long subsisted; <i>spite</i> implies a disposition to cross or vex others.</p>

<p><hw>Pique</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Piqued</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Piquing</u> (?).] [F. <i>piquer</i>. See <u>Pike</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To wound the pride of; to sting; to nettle; to irritate; to fret; to offend; to excite to anger.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Pique</i> her, and soothe in turn.</blockquote> <i>Byron.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To excite to action by causing resentment or jealousy; to stimulate; to prick; as, to <i>pique</i> ambition, or curiosity.</def> <i>Prior.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To pride or value; — used reflexively.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Men . . . <i>pique</i> themselves upon their skill.</blockquote> <i>Locke.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — To offend; displease; irritate; provoke; fret; nettle; sting; goad; stimulate.</p>

<p><hw>Pique</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To cause annoyance or irritation.</def> "Every &?;erse hath something in it that <i>piques</i>." <i>Tatler.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pi*queer"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Pickeer</u>.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Pi*queer"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Pickeerer</u>.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Piqu"et</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Picket</u>.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Pi*quet"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., prob. fr. <i>pique</i>. See <u>Pique</u>, <u>Pike</u>, and <u>Picket</u>.] <def>A game at cards played between two persons, with thirty-two cards, all the deuces, threes, fours, fives, and sixes, being set aside.</def> [Written also <i>picket</i> and <i>picquet</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Pi"ra*cy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Piracies</b></plw> (#). [Cf. LL. <i>piratia</i>, Gr. &?;. See <u>Pirate</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act or crime of a pirate.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Common Law)</i> <def>Robbery on the high seas; the taking of property from others on the open sea by open violence; without lawful authority, and with intent to steal; — a crime answering to <i>robbery</i> on land.</def></p>

<p>&fist; By statute law several other offenses committed on the seas (as trading with known pirates, or engaging in the slave trade) have been made <i>piracy</i>.</p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def></def>"Sometimes used, in a quasi- figurative sense, of violation of copyright; but for this, <i>infringement</i> is the correct and preferable term." <i>Abbott.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pi*ra"gua</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Pirogue</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pi*rai"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Piraya</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pi*ram"e*ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; trial + <i>-meter</i>.] <def>A dynamometer for ascertaining the power required to draw carriages over roads.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pi`ra*ru"cu</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From the native South American name.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Arapaima</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pi"rate</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>pirata</i>, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to attempt, undertake, from making attempts or attacks on ships, &?; an attempt, trial; akin to E. <i>peril</i>: cf. F. <i>pirate</i>. See <u>Peril</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A robber on the high seas; one who by open violence takes the property of another on the high seas; especially, one who makes it his business to cruise for robbery or plunder; a freebooter on the seas; also, one who steals in a harbor.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>An armed ship or vessel which sails without a legal commission, for the purpose of plundering other vessels on the high seas.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>One who infringes the law of copyright, or publishes the work of an author without permission.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Pirate perch</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a fresh- water percoid fish of the United States (<i>Aphredoderus Sayanus</i>). It is of a dark olive color, speckled with blackish spots.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pi"rate</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Pirated</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Pirating</u>.] [Cf. F. <i>pirater</i>.] <def>To play the pirate; to practice robbery on the high seas.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pi"rate</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To publish, as books or writings, without the permission of the author.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>They advertised they would <i>pirate</i> his edition.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pi*rat"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Piratical.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pi*rat"ic*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>piraticus</i>, Gr. &?;: cf. F. <i>piratique</i>.] <def>Of or pertaining to a pirate; acquired by, or practicing, piracy; as, a <i>piratical</i> undertaking.</def> "<i>Piratical</i> printers." <i>Pope.</i> — <wf>Pi*rat"ic*al*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>||Pi*ra"ya</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From the native name.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A large voracious fresh-water fish (<i>Serrasalmo piraya</i>) of South America, having lancet-shaped teeth.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pir"ie</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>See <u>Pirry</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pir"ie</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Pear</u>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A pear tree.</def> [Written also <i>pery</i>, <i>pyrie</i>.] [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Pi`ri*ri"gua</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From the native name.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A South American bird (<i>Guira guira</i>) allied to the cuckoos.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pirl</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [Cf. <u>Purl</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To spin, as a top.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To twist or twine, as hair in making fishing lines.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pirn</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Etymol. uncertain.] <def>A quill or reed on which thread or yarn is wound; a bobbin; also, the wound yarn on a weaver's shuttle; also, the reel of a fishing rod.</def> [Scot.]</p>

<p><hw>Pi*rogue"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Originally an American Indian word: cf. F. <i>pirogue</i>, Sp. <i>piroga</i>, <i>piragua</i>.] <def>A dugout canoe; by extension, any small boat.</def> [Written variously <i>periauger</i>, <i>perogue</i>, <i>piragua</i>, <i>periagua</i>, etc.]</p>

<p><hw>Pir`ou*ette"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F.; of uncertain origin.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A whirling or turning on the toes in dancing.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Man.)</i> <def>The whirling about of a horse.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pir`ou*ette"</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Pirouetted</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Pirouetting</u>.] [F. <i>pirouetter</i>.] <def>To perform a pirouette; to whirl, like a dancer.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pir"ry</hw>, <hw>Pir"rie</hw> } (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. Scot. <i>pirr</i> a gentle breeze, Icel. <i>byrr</i> a prosperous wind, <i>bylr</i> a blast of wind.] <def>A rough gale of wind.</def> [Obs.] <i>Sir T. Elyot.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pis`as*phal"tum</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Pissasphalt</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pi"say</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>See <u>Pis&eacute;</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pis"ca*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>piscarius</i> relating to fishes or to fishing, fr. <i>piscis</i> a fish.] <i>(Law)</i> <def>The right or privilege of fishing in another man's waters.</def> <i>Blackstone.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pis*ca"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>piscatio</i>, fr. <i>piscari</i> to fish.] <def>Fishing; fishery.</def> [Obs.] <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Pis*ca"tor</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L.] <def>A fisherman; an angler.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pis`ca*to"ri*al</hw> (?), <hw>Pis"ca*to*ry</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>piscatorius</i>, fr. <i>piscator</i> a fisherman, fr. <i>piscari</i> to fish, fr. <i>piscis</i> a fish. See <u>Fish</u> the animal.] <def>Of or pertaining to fishes or fishing.</def> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Pis"ces</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [L. <i>piscis</i> a fish.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Astron.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The twelfth sign of the zodiac, marked &pisces; in almanacs.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A zodiacal constellation, including the first point of Aries, which is the vernal equinoctial point; the Fish.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The class of Vertebrata that includes the fishes. The principal divisions are Elasmobranchii, Ganoidei, and Teleostei.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pis"ci*cap`ture</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Capture of fishes, as by angling.</def> [R.] <i>W. H. Russell.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pis`ci*cul"tur*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Relating to pisciculture.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pis`ci*cul"ture</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>piscis</i> a fish + E. <i>culture</i>.] <def>Fish culture. See under <u>Fish</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pis`ci*cul"tur*ist</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who breeds fish.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pis"ci*form</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>piscis</i> fish + <i>-form</i>.] <def>Having the form of a fish; resembling a fish.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pis*ci"na</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., a certain, fishpond, fr. <i>piscis</i> a fish.] <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>A niche near the altar in a church, containing a small basin for rinsing altar vessels.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pis"ci*nal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>piscinalis</i>: cf. F. <i>piscinal</i>.] <def>Belonging to a fishpond or a piscina.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pis"cine</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>piscis</i> a fish.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to a fish or fishes; as, <i>piscine</i> remains.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pis*civ"o*rous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>piscis</i> a fish + <i>vorare</i> to devour: cf. F. <i>piscivore</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Feeding or subsisting on fish.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pi`s&eacute;"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>pis&eacute;</i>, from <i>piser</i> to stamp, pound, L. <i>pisare</i>.] <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>A species of wall made of stiff earth or clay rammed in between molds which are carried up as the wall rises; — called also <i>pis&eacute; work</i>.</def> <i>Gwilt.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pish</hw> (?), <pos><i>interj.</i></pos> <def>An exclamation of contempt.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pish</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To express contempt.</def> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Pi"shu</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The Canada lynx.</def> [Written also <i>peeshoo</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Pi"si*form</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>pisum</i> a pea + <i>-form</i>: cf. F. <i>pisiforme</i>.] <def>Resembling a pea or peas in size and shape; as, a <i>pisiform</i> iron ore.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pi"si*form</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>A small bone on the ulnar side of the carpus in man and many mammals. See <i>Illust.</i> of <u>Artiodactyla</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pis"mire</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Piss</i> + <i>mire</i>; so called because it discharges a moisture vulgarly considered urine. See <u>Mire</u> an ant.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>An ant, or emmet.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pi"so*lite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; a pea + <i>- lite</i>: cf. F. <i>pisolithe</i>.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>A variety of calcite, or calcium carbonate, consisting of aggregated globular concretions about the size of a pea; — called also <i>peastone</i>, <i>peagrit</i>.</def></p>

<p>&fist; O&ouml;lite is similar in structure, but the concretions are as small as the roe of a fish.</p>

<p><hw>Pi`so*lit"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>pisolithique</i>.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>Composed of, containing, or resembling, pisolite.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pis"o*phalt</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [For <i>pissasphalt</i>.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>Pissasphalt.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Piss</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t. & i.</i></pos> [OE. <i>pissen</i>, F. <i>pisser</i>; akin to It. <i>pisciare</i>, D. & G. <i>pissen</i>, Dan. <i>pisse</i>, Icel. <i>pissa</i>.] <def>To discharge urine, to urinate.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Piss</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Urine.</def></p>

<p><hw>Piss"a*bed`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A name locally applied to various wild plants, as dandelion, bluet, oxeye daisy, etc.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pis"sas*phalt</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>pissasphaltus</i>, Gr. &?;; &?; pitch + &?; asphalt: cf. F. <i>pissasphalte</i>.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>Earth pitch; a soft, black bitumen of the consistence of tar, and of a strong smell. It is inflammable, and intermediate between petroleum and asphalt.</def> [Written also <i>pisasphaltum</i>, <i>pisasphalt</i>, etc.]</p>

<p><hw>Pist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Man.)</i> <def>See <u>Piste</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pis*ta"chio</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [It. <i>pistacchio</i> (cf. Sp. <i>pistacho</i>, F. <i>pistache</i>), fr. L. <i>pistacium</i>, Gr. &?;, &?;, fr. Per. <i>pistah</i>. Cf. <u>Fistinut</u>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The nut of the <i>Pistacia vera</i>, a tree of the order <i>Anacardiace&aelig;</i>, containing a kernel of a pale greenish color, which has a pleasant taste, resembling that of the almond, and yields an oil of agreeable taste and odor; — called also <i>pistachio nut</i>. It is wholesome and nutritive. The tree grows in Arabia, Persia, Syria, and Sicily.</def> [Written also <i>pistachia</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>||Pis*ta"ci*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Pistachio</u>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The name of a genus of trees, including the tree which bears the pistachio, the Mediterranean mastic tree (<i>Pistacia Lentiscus</i>), and the species (<i>P. Terebinthus</i>) which yields Chian or Cyprus turpentine.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pis"ta*cite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>pistacite</i>. So called from its green color. See <u>Pistachio</u>.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>Epidote.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pis`ta*reen"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>An old Spanish silver coin of the value of about twenty cents.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pis"ta*zite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Min.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Pistacite</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Piste</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., fr. L. <i>pisere</i>, <i>pinsere</i>, <i>pistum</i>, to pound.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>The track or tread a horseman makes upon the ground he goes over.</def> <i>Johnson.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pis"tel</hw> (?), <hw>Pis"til</hw> (?) }, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>An epistle.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Pis"tic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>pisticus</i>, Gr. &?;.] <def>Pure; genuine.</def> [R.] <i>Jer. Taylor.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pis"til</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>pistillum</i>, <i>pistillus</i>, a pestle: cf. F. <i>pistil</i>. See <u>Pestle</u>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The seed-bearing organ of a flower. It consists of an ovary, containing the ovules or rudimentary seeds, and a stigma, which is commonly raised on an elongated portion called a <i>style</i>. When composed of one carpel a pistil is simple; when composed of several, it is compound. See <i>Illust.</i> of <u>Flower</u>, and <u>Ovary</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pis`til*la"ceous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Growing on, or having nature of, the pistil; of or pertaining to a pistil.</def> <i>Barton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pis"til*late</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Having a pistil or pistils; — usually said of flowers having pistils but no stamens.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pis`til*la"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>pistillum</i> a pestle.] <def>The act of pounding or breaking in a mortar; pestillation.</def> [Obs.] <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Pis`til*lid"i*um</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Pistillida</b></plw> (#). [NL., fr. E. <i>pistil</i>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Archegonium</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pis`til*lif"er*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Pistil</i> + <i>-ferous</i>: cf. F. <i>pistillif&egrave;re</i>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Pistillate.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pis"til*lo*dy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Pistil</i> + Gr. &?; form.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The metamorphosis of other organs into pistils.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pis"tol</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>pistole</i>, <i>pistolet</i>, It. <i>pistola</i>; prob. from a form <i>Pistola</i>, for <i>Pistoja</i>, a town in Italy where pistols were first made. Cf. <u>Pistole</u>.] <def>The smallest firearm used, intended to be fired from one hand, — now of many patterns, and bearing a great variety of names. See <i>Illust.</i> of <u>Revolver</u>.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Pistol carbine</b></col>, <cd>a firearm with a removable but-piece, and thus capable of being used either as a pistol or a carbine.</cd> — <col><b>Pistol pipe</b></col> <i>(Metal.)</i>, <cd>a pipe in which the blast for a furnace is heated, resembling a pistol in form.</cd> — <col><b>Pistol shot</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>The discharge of a pistol</cd>. <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>The distance to which a pistol can propel a ball.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pis"tol</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Pistoled</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Pistoling</u>.] [Cf. F. <i>pistoler</i>.] <def>To shoot with a pistol.</def> "To <i>pistol</i> a poacher." <i>Sydney Smith.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pis"to*lade`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F.] <def>A pistol shot.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pis*tole"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., probably a name given in jest in France to a Spanish coin. Cf. <u>Pistol</u>.] <def>The name of certain gold coins of various values formerly coined in some countries of Europe. In Spain it was equivalent to a quarter doubloon, or about $3.90, and in Germany and Italy nearly the same. There was an old Italian pistole worth about $5.40.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pis`to*leer"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>pistolier</i>.] <def>One who uses a pistol.</def> [R.] <i>Carlyle.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pis"to*let`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., a dim. of <i>pistole</i>.] <def>A small pistol.</def> <i>Donne. Beau. & Fl.</i></p>

<p><! p. 1091 !></p>

<p><hw>Pis"ton</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>piston</i>; cf. It. <i>pistone</i> piston, also <i>pestone</i> a large pestle; all fr. L. <i>pinsere</i>, <i>pistum</i>, to pound, to stamp. See <u>Pestle</u>, <u>Pistil</u>.] <i>(Mach.)</i> <def>A sliding piece which either is moved by, or moves against, fluid pressure. It usually consists of a short cylinder fitting within a cylindrical vessel along which it moves, back and forth. It is used in steam engines to receive motion from the steam, and in pumps to transmit motion to a fluid; also for other purposes.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Piston head</b></col> <i>(Steam Eng.)</i>, <cd>that part of a piston which is made fast to the piston rod.</cd> — <col><b>Piston rod</b></col>, <cd>a rod by which a piston is moved, or by which it communicates motion.</cd> — <col><b>Piston valve</b></col> <i>(Steam Eng.)</i>, <cd>a slide valve, consisting of a piston, or connected pistons, working in a cylindrical case which is provided with ports that are traversed by the valve.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pit</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>pit</i>, <i>put</i>, AS. <i>pytt</i> a pit, hole, L. <i>puteus</i> a well, pit.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A large cavity or hole in the ground, either natural or artificial; a cavity in the surface of a body; an indentation</def>; specifically: <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The shaft of a coal mine; a coal pit.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A large hole in the ground from which material is dug or quarried; as, a stone <i>pit</i>; a gravel <i>pit</i>; or in which material is made by burning; as, a lime <i>pit</i>; a charcoal <i>pit</i>.</def> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <def>A vat sunk in the ground; as, a tan <i>pit</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Tumble me into some loathsome <i>pit</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Any abyss; especially, the grave, or hades.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Back to the infernal <i>pit</i> I drag thee chained.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>He keepth back his soul from the <i>pit</i>.</blockquote> <i>Job xxxiii. 18.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A covered deep hole for entrapping wild beasts; a pitfall; hence, a trap; a snare. Also used figuratively.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The anointed of the Lord was taken in their <i>pits</i>.</blockquote> <i>Lam. iv. 20.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>A depression or hollow in the surface of the human body</def>; as: <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The hollow place under the shoulder or arm; the axilla, or armpit.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>See <i>Pit of the stomach</i> (below).</def> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <def>The indentation or mark left by a pustule, as in smallpox.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>Formerly, that part of a theater, on the floor of the house, below the level of the stage and behind the orchestra; now, in England, commonly the part behind the stalls; in the United States, the parquet; also, the occupants of such a part of a theater.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>An inclosed area into which gamecocks, dogs, and other animals are brought to fight, or where dogs are trained to kill rats.</def> "As fiercely as two gamecocks in the <i>pit</i>." <i>Locke.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> [Cf. D. <i>pit</i>, akin to E. <i>pith</i>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The endocarp of a drupe, and its contained seed or seeds; a stone; as, a peach <i>pit</i>; a cherry <i>pit</i>, etc.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A depression or thin spot in the wall of a duct.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Cold pit</b></col> <i>(Hort.)</i>, <cd>an excavation in the earth, lined with masonry or boards, and covered with glass, but not artificially heated, — used in winter for the storing and protection of half-hardly plants, and sometimes in the spring as a forcing bed.</cd> — <col><b>Pit coal</b></col>, <cd>coal dug from the earth; mineral coal.</cd> — <col><b>Pit frame</b></col>, <cd>the framework over the shaft of a coal mine.</cd> — <col><b>Pit head</b></col>, <cd>the surface of the ground at the mouth of a pit or mine.</cd> — <col><b>Pit kiln</b></col>, <cd>an oven for coking coal.</cd> — <col><b>Pit martin</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the bank swallow.</cd> [Prov. Eng.] — <col><b>Pit of the stomach</b></col> <i>(Anat.)</i>, <cd>the depression on the middle line of the epigastric region of the abdomen at the lower end of the sternum; the infrasternal depression.</cd> — <col><b>Pit saw</b></col> <i>(Mech.)</i>, <cd>a saw worked by two men, one of whom stands on the log and the other beneath it. The place of the latter is often in a pit, whence the name.</cd> — <col><b>Pit viper</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>any viperine snake having a deep pit on each side of the snout. The rattlesnake and copperhead are examples.</cd> - - <col><b>Working pit</b></col> <i>(Min.)</i>, <cd>a shaft in which the ore is hoisted and the workmen carried; — in distinction from a shaft used for the pumps.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pit</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Pitted</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Pitting</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To place or put into a pit or hole.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>They lived like beasts, and were <i>pitted</i> like beasts, tumbled into the grave.</blockquote> <i>T. Grander.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To mark with little hollows, as by various pustules; as, a face <i>pitted</i> by smallpox.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To introduce as an antagonist; to set forward for or in a contest; as, to <i>pit</i> one dog against another.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pi"ta</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Sp.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A fiber obtained from the <i>Agave Americana</i> and other related species, — used for making cordage and paper. Called also <i>pita fiber</i>, and <i>pita thread</i>.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The plant which yields the fiber.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pit`a*ha"ya</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Sp., prob. from the native name.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A cactaceous shrub (<i>Cereus Pitajaya</i>) of tropical America, which yields a delicious fruit.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pit"a*pat`</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> [An onomatopoetic reduplication of <i>pat</i> a light, quick blow.] <def>In a flutter; with palpitation or quick succession of beats.</def> <i>Lowell.</i> "The fox's heart went <i>pitapat</i>." <i>L'Estrange.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pit"a*pat`</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A light, repeated sound; a pattering, as of the rain.</def> "The <i>pitapat</i> of a pretty foot." <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pitch</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>pich</i>, AS. <i>pic</i>, L. <i>pix</i>; akin to Gr. &?;.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A thick, black, lustrous, and sticky substance obtained by boiling down tar. It is used in calking the seams of ships; also in coating rope, canvas, wood, ironwork, etc., to preserve them.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He that toucheth <i>pitch</i> shall be defiled therewith.</blockquote> <i>Ecclus. xiii. 1.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Geol.)</i> <def>See <u>Pitchstone</u>.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Amboyna pitch</b></col>, <cd>the resin of <i>Dammara australis</i>. See <u>Kauri</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Burgundy pitch</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Burgundy</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Canada pitch</b></col>, <cd>the resinous exudation of the hemlock tree (<i>Abies Canadensis</i>); hemlock gum.</cd> — <col><b>Jew's pitch</b></col>, <cd>bitumen.</cd> — <col><b>Mineral pitch</b></col>. <cd>See <u>Bitumen</u> and <u>Asphalt</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Pitch coal</b></col> <i>(Min.)</i>, <cd>bituminous coal.</cd> — <col><b>Pitch peat</b></col> <i>(Min.)</i>, <cd>a black homogeneous peat, with a waxy luster.</cd> — <col><b>Pitch pine</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>any one of several species of pine, yielding pitch, esp. the <i>Pinus rigida</i> of North America.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pitch</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Pitched</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Pitching</u>.] [See <u>Pitch</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To cover over or smear with pitch.</def> <i>Gen. vi. 14.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Fig.: To darken; to blacken; to obscure.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The welkin <i>pitched</i> with sullen could.</blockquote> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pitch</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [OE. <i>picchen</i>; akin to E. <i>pick</i>, <i>pike</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To throw, generally with a definite aim or purpose; to cast; to hurl; to toss; as, to <i>pitch</i> quoits; to <i>pitch</i> hay; to <i>pitch</i> a ball.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To thrust or plant in the ground, as stakes or poles; hence, to fix firmly, as by means of poles; to establish; to arrange; as, to <i>pitch</i> a tent; to <i>pitch</i> a camp.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To set, face, or pave with rubble or undressed stones, as an embankment or a roadway.</def> <i>Knight.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To fix or set the tone of; as, to <i>pitch</i> a tune.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>To set or fix, as a price or value.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Pitched battle</b></col>, <cd>a general battle; a battle in which the hostile forces have fixed positions; — in distinction from a <i>skirmish</i>.</cd> — <col><b>To pitch into</b></col>, <cd>to attack; to assault; to abuse.</cd> [Slang]</p>

<p><hw>Pitch</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To fix or place a tent or temporary habitation; to encamp.</def> "Laban with his brethren <i>pitched</i> in the Mount of Gilead." <i>Gen. xxxi. 25.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To light; to settle; to come to rest from flight.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The tree whereon they [the bees] <i>pitch</i>.</blockquote> <i>Mortimer.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To fix one's choise; — with <i>on</i> or <i>upon</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Pitch</i> upon the best course of life, and custom will render it the more easy.</blockquote> <i>Tillotson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To plunge or fall; esp., to fall forward; to decline or slope; as, to <i>pitch</i> from a precipice; the vessel <i>pitches</i> in a heavy sea; the field <i>pitches</i> toward the east.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Pitch and pay</b></col>, <cd>an old aphorism which inculcates ready-money payment, or payment on delivery of goods.</cd> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pitch</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A throw; a toss; a cast, as of something from the hand; as, a good <i>pitch</i> in quoits.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Pitch and toss</b></col>, <cd>a game played by tossing up a coin, and calling "Heads or tails;"</cd> hence: <col><b>To play pitch and toss with (anything)</b></col>, <cd>to be careless or trust to luck about it.</cd> "<i>To play pitch and toss with</i> the property of the country." <i>G. Eliot.</i> — <col><b>Pitch farthing</b></col>. <cd>See <i>Chuck farthing</i>, under 5th <u>Chuck</u>.</cd></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Cricket)</i> <def>That point of the ground on which the ball pitches or lights when bowled.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A point or peak; the extreme point or degree of elevation or depression; hence, a limit or bound.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Driven headlong from the <i>pitch</i> of heaven, down<BR> Into this deep.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Enterprises of great <i>pitch</i> and moment.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>To lowest <i>pitch</i> of abject fortune.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>He lived when learning was at its highest <i>pitch</i>.</blockquote> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The exact <i>pitch</i>, or limits, where temperance ends.</blockquote> <i>Sharp.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Height; stature.</def> [Obs.] <i>Hudibras.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>A descent; a fall; a thrusting down.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>The point where a declivity begins; hence, the declivity itself; a descending slope; the degree or rate of descent or slope; slant; as, a steep <i>pitch</i> in the road; the <i>pitch</i> of a roof.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <i>(Mus.)</i> <def>The relative acuteness or gravity of a tone, determined by the number of vibrations which produce it; the place of any tone upon a scale of high and low.</def></p>

<p>&fist; Musical tones with reference to <i>absolute pitch</i>, are named after the first seven letters of the alphabet; with reference to <i>relative pitch</i>, in a series of tones called the <i>scale</i>, they are called <i>one</i>, <i>two</i>, <i>three</i>, <i>four</i>, <i>five</i>, <i>six</i>, <i>seven</i>, <i>eight</i>. <i>Eight</i> is also <i>one</i> of a new scale an octave higher, as <i>one</i> is <i>eight</i> of a scale an octave lower.</p>

<p><sn><b>8.</b></sn> <i>(Mining)</i> <def>The limit of ground set to a miner who receives a share of the ore taken out.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>9.</b></sn> <i>(Mech.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The distance from center to center of any two adjacent teeth of gearing, measured on the <i>pitch line</i>; — called also <i>circular pitch</i>.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The length, measured along the axis, of a complete turn of the thread of a screw, or of the helical lines of the blades of a screw propeller.</def> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <def>The distance between the centers of holes, as of rivet holes in boiler plates.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Concert pitch</b></col> <i>(Mus.)</i>, <cd>the standard of pitch used by orchestras, as in concerts, etc.</cd> — <col><b>Diametral pitch</b></col> <i>(Gearing)</i>, <cd>the distance which bears the same relation to the pitch proper, or circular pitch, that the diameter of a circle bears to its circumference; it is sometimes described by the number expressing the quotient obtained by dividing the number of teeth in a wheel by the diameter of its pitch circle in inches; as, 4 pitch, 8 pitch, etc.</cd> — <col><b>Pitch chain</b></col>, <cd>a chain, as one made of metallic plates, adapted for working with a sprocket wheel.</cd> — <col><b>Pitch line</b></col>, or <col><b>Pitch circle</b></col> <i>(Gearing)</i>, <cd>an ideal line, in a toothed gear or rack, bearing such a relation to a corresponding line in another gear, with which the former works, that the two lines will have a common velocity as in rolling contact; it usually cuts the teeth at about the middle of their height, and, in a circular gear, is a circle concentric with the axis of the gear; the line, or circle, on which the pitch of teeth is measured.</cd> — <col><b>Pitch of a roof</b></col> <i>(Arch.)</i>, <cd>the inclination or slope of the sides expressed by the height in parts of the span; as, one half <i>pitch</i>; whole <i>pitch</i>; or by the height in parts of the half span, especially among engineers; or by degrees, as a <i>pitch</i> of 30&deg;, of 45&deg;, etc.; or by the <i>rise</i> and <i>run</i>, that is, the ratio of the height to the half span; as, a <i>pitch</i> of six rise to ten run. <i>Equilateral pitch</i> is where the two sloping sides with the span form an equilateral triangle.</cd> — <col><b>Pitch of a plane</b></col> <i>(Carp.)</i>, <cd>the slant of the cutting iron.</cd> — <col><b>Pitch pipe</b></col>, <cd>a wind instrument used by choristers in regulating the pitch of a tune.</cd> — <col><b>Pitch point</b></col> <i>(Gearing)</i>, <cd>the point of contact of the pitch lines of two gears, or of a rack and pinion, which work together.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pitch"-black`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Black as pitch or tar.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pitch"blende`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [1st <i>pitch + blende</i>.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>A pitch-black mineral consisting chiefly of the oxide of uranium; uraninite. See <u>Uraninite</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pitch"-dark`</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Dark as a pitch; pitch-black.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pitch"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who pitches anything, as hay, quoits, a ball, etc.; specifically <i>(Baseball)</i>, the player who delivers the ball to the batsman.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A sort of crowbar for digging.</def> [Obs.] <i>Mortimer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pitch"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>picher</i>, OF. <i>pichier</i>, OHG. <i>pehhar</i>, <i>pehh&amacr;ri</i>; prob. of the same origin as E. <i>beaker</i>. Cf. <u>Beaker</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A wide-mouthed, deep vessel for holding liquids, with a spout or protruding lip and a handle; a water jug or jar with a large ear or handle.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A tubular or cuplike appendage or expansion of the leaves of certain plants.</def></p>

<p><col><b>American pitcher plants</b></col>, <cd>the species of Sarracenia. See <u>Sarracenia</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Australian pitcher plant</b></col>, <cd>the <i>Cephalotus follicularis</i>, a low saxifragaceous herb having two kinds of radical leaves, some oblanceolate and entire, others transformed into little ovoid pitchers, longitudinally triple-winged and ciliated, the mouth covered with a lid shaped like a cockleshell.</cd> — <col><b>California pitcher plant</b></col>, <cd>the <i>Darlingtonia California</i>. See <u>Darlingtonia</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Pitcher plant</b></col>, <cd>any plant with the whole or a part of the leaves transformed into pitchers or cuplike organs, especially the species of <i>Nepenthes</i>. See <u>Nepenthes</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pitch"er*ful</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Pitcherfuls</b></plw> (&?;). <def>The quantity a pitcher will hold.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pitch"-faced`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Stone Cutting)</i> <def>Having the arris defined by a line beyond which the rock is cut away, so as to give nearly true edges; — said of squared stones that are otherwise quarry-faced.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pitch"fork`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A fork, or farming utensil, used in pitching hay, sheaves of grain, or the like.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pitch"fork`</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To pitch or throw with, or as with, a pitchfork.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He has been <i>pitchforked</i> into the footguards.</blockquote> <i>G. A. Sala.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pitch"i*ness</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From <u>Pitchy</u>.] <def>Blackness, as of pitch; darkness.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pitch"ing</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of throwing or casting; a cast; a pitch; as, wild <i>pitching</i> in baseball.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The rough paving of a street to a grade with blocks of stone.</def> <i>Mayhew.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Hydraul. Eng.)</i> <def>A facing of stone laid upon a bank to prevent wear by tides or currents.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Pitching piece</b></col> <i>(Carp.)</i>, <cd>the horizontal timber supporting the floor of a platform of a stairway, and against which the stringpieces of the sloping parts are supported.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pitch"-ore`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Min.)</i> <def>Pitchblende.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pitch"stone`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Geol.)</i> <def>An igneous rock of semiglassy nature, having a luster like pitch.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pitch"work`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The work of a coal miner who is paid by a share of his product.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pitch"y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [From 1st <u>Pitch</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Partaking of the qualities of pitch; resembling pitch.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Smeared with pitch.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Black; pitch-dark; dismal.</def> "<i>Pitchy</i> night." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pit"e*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [OE. <i>pitous</i>, OF. <i>pitos</i>, F. <i>piteux</i>. See <u>Pity</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Pious; devout.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>The Lord can deliver <i>piteous</i> men from temptation.</blockquote> <i>Wyclif.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Evincing pity, compassion, or sympathy; compassionate; tender.</def> "[She] <i>piteous</i> of his case." <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>She was so charitable and so <i>pitous</i>.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Fitted to excite pity or sympathy; wretched; miserable; lamentable; sad; as, a <i>piteous</i> case.</def> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The most <i>piteous</i> tale of Lear.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Paltry; mean; pitiful.</def> "<i>Piteous</i> amends." <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Sorrowful; mournful; affecting; doleful; woeful; rueful; sad; wretched; miserable; pitiable; pitiful; compassionate.</p>

<p>— <wf>Pit"e*ous*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Pit"e*ous*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Pit"fall`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A pit deceitfully covered to entrap wild beasts or men; a trap of any kind.</def> <i>Sir T. North.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pit"fall`ing</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Entrapping; insnaring.</def> [R.] "Full of . . . contradiction and <i>pitfalling</i> dispenses." <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pith</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>pi&?;a</i>; akin to D. <i>pit</i> pith, kernel, LG. <i>peddik</i>. Cf. <u>Pit</u> a kernel.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The soft spongy substance in the center of the stems of many plants and trees, especially those of the dicotyledonous or exogenous classes. It consists of cellular tissue.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The spongy interior substance of a feather.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>The spinal cord; the marrow.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Hence: The which contains the strength of life; the vital or essential part; concentrated force; vigor; strength; importance; as, the speech lacked <i>pith</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Enterprises of great <i>pith</i> and moment.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Pith paper</b></col>. <cd>Same as <i>Rice paper</i>, under <u>Rice</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pith</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <i>(Physiol.)</i> <def>To destroy the central nervous system of (an animal, as a frog), as by passing a stout wire or needle up and down the vertebral canal.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pi*the"ci</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?; an ape.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A division of mammals including the apes and monkeys. Sometimes used in the sense of <i>Primates</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pith"e*coid</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; an ape + <i>-oid</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Of or pertaining to the genus <i>Pithecia</i>, or subfamily <i>Pithecin&aelig;</i>, which includes the saki, ouakari, and other allied South American monkeys.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Of or pertaining to the anthropoid apes in particular, or to the higher apes of the Old World, collectively.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pith"ful</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Full of pith.</def> [R.] <i>W. Browne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pith"i*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a pithy manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pith"i*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality or state of being pithy.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pith"less</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Destitute of pith, or of strength; feeble.</def> <i>Dryden.</i> "<i>Pithless</i> argumentation." <i>Glandstone.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pit"-hole`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A pit; a pockmark.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pith"some</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pithy; robust.</def> [R.] "<i>Pithsome</i> health and vigor." <i>R. D. Blackmore.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pith"y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<pos><i>Compar.</i></pos> <u>Pithier</u> (?); <pos><i>superl.</i></pos> <u>Pithiest</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Consisting wholly, or in part, of pith; abounding in pith; as, a <i>pithy</i> stem; a <i>pithy</i> fruit.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Having nervous energy; forceful; cogent.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>This <i>pithy</i> speech prevailed, and all agreed.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>In all these Goodman Fact was very short, but <i>pithy</i>.</blockquote> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Pithy gall</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a large, rough, furrowed, oblong gall, formed on blackberry canes by a small gallfly (<i>Diastrophus nebulosus</i>).</cd></p>

<p><! p. 1092 !></p>

<p><hw>Pit"i*a*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. OF. <i>pitiable</i>, F. <i>pitoyable</i>.] <def>Deserving pity; wworthy of, or exciting, compassion; miserable; lamentable; piteous; as, <i>pitiable</i> persons; a <i>pitiable</i> condition; <i>pitiable</i> wretchedness.</def></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Sorrowful; woeful; sad. See <u>Piteous</u>.</p>

<p>— <wf>Pit"i*a*ble*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> — <wf>Pit"i*a*bly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Pit"i*er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who pities.</def> <i>Gauden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pit"i*ful</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Full of pity; tender-hearted; compassionate; kind; merciful; sympathetic.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The Lord is very <i>pitiful</i>, and of tender mercy.</blockquote> <i>James v. 11.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Piteous; lamentable; eliciting compassion.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A thing, indeed, very <i>pitiful</i> and horrible.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To be pitied for littleness or meanness; miserable; paltry; contemptible; despicable.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>That's villainous, and shows a most <i>pitiful</i> ambition in the fool that uses it.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Despicable; mean; paltry. See <u>Contemptible</u>.</p>

<p>— <wf>Pit"i*ful*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Pit"i*ful*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Pit"i*less</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Destitute of pity; hard-hearted; merciless; as, a <i>pitiless</i>master; <i>pitiless</i> elements.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Exciting no pity; as, a <i>pitiless</i> condition.</def></p>

<p>— <wf>Pit"i*less*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Pit"i*less*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Pit"man</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Pitmen</b></plw> (&?;). <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who works in a pit, as in mining, in sawing timber, etc.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Mach.)</i> <def>The connecting rod in a sawmill; also, sometimes, a connecting rod in other machinery.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pi*tot's" tube`</hw> (?). <i>(Hydraul.)</i> <def>A bent tube used to determine the velocity of running water, by placing the curved end under water, and observing the height to which the fluid rises in the tube; a kind of current meter.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pit"pan`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A long, flat- bottomed canoe, used for the navigation of rivers and lagoons in Central America.</def> <i>Squier.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pit"pat`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. & adv.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Pitapat</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pit"ta</hw> (p&ibreve;t"t&adot;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any one of a large group of bright-colored clamatorial birds belonging to <i>Pitta</i>, and allied genera of the family <i>Pittid&aelig;</i>. Most of the species are varied with three or more colors, such as blue, green, crimson, yellow, purple, and black. They are called also <i>ground thrushes</i>, and <i>Old World ant thrushes</i>; but they are not related to the true thrushes.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The pittas are most abundant in the East Indies, but some inhabit Southern Asia, Africa, and Australia. They live mostly upon the ground, and feed upon insects of various kinds.</p>

<p><hw>Pit"ta*cal</hw> (p&ibreve;t"t&adot;*k&abreve;l), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>pi`tta</grk>, <grk>pi`ssa</grk>, pitch + <grk>kalo`s</grk> beautiful: cf. F. <i>pittacale</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A dark blue substance obtained from wood tar. It consists of hydrocarbons which when oxidized form the orange-yellow eupittonic compounds, the salts of which are dark blue.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pit"tance</hw> (p&ibreve;t"t<i>a</i>ns), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>pitance</i>, <i>pitaunce</i>, F. <i>pitance</i>; cf. It. <i>pietanza</i>, LL. <i>pitancia</i>, <i>pittantia</i>, <i>pictantia</i>; perh. fr. L. <i>pietas</i> pity, piety, or perhaps akin to E. <i>petty</i>. Cf. <u>Petty</u>, and <u>Pity</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>An allowance of food bestowed in charity; a mess of victuals; hence, a small charity gift; a dole.</def> "A good <i>pitaunce</i>." <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>One half only of this <i>pittance</i> was ever given him in money.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A meager portion, quantity, or allowance; an inconsiderable salary or compensation.</def> "The small <i>pittance</i> of learning they received." <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The inconsiderable <i>pittance</i> of faithful professors.</blockquote> <i>Fuller.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pit"ted</hw> (-t&ebreve;d), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Marked with little pits, as in smallpox. See <u>Pit</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>, 2.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Having minute thin spots; as, <i>pitted</i> ducts in the vascular parts of vegetable tissue.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pit"ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A contrivance for removing the pits from peaches, plums, and other stone fruit.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pit"ter</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To make a pattering sound; to murmur; as, <i>pittering</i> streams.</def> [Obs.] <i>R. Greene.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pit"tle-pat`tle</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To talk unmeaningly; to chatter or prattle.</def> [R.] <i>Latimer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pi*tu"i*ta*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>pituita</i> phlegm, pituite: cf. F. <i>pituitarie</i>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>Secreting mucus or phlegm; as, the <i>pituitary</i> membrane, or the mucous membrane which lines the nasal cavities.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>Of or pertaining to the pituitary body; as, the <i>pituitary</i> fossa.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Pituitary body</b></col> or <col><b>gland</b></col> <i>(Anat.)</i>, <cd>a glandlike body of unknown function, situated in the pituitary fossa, and connected with the infundibulum of the brain; the hypophysis.</cd> — <col><b>Pituitary fossa</b></col> <i>(Anat.)</i>, <cd>the ephippium.</cd> </p>

<p><hw>Pit"u*ite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>pituita</i>: cf. F. <i>pituite</i>. Cf. <u>Pip</u> a disease of fowls.] <def>Mucus, phlegm.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pi*tu"i*tous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>pituitosus</i>: cf. F. <i>pituiteux</i>.] <def>Consisting of, or resembling, pituite or mucus; full of mucus; discharging mucus.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Pituitous fever</b></col> <i>(Med.)</i>, <cd>typhoid fever; enteric fever.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pit"y</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Pities</b></plw> (#). [OE. <i>pite</i>, OF. <i>pit&eacute;</i>, <i>piti&eacute;</i>, F. <i>piti&eacute;</i>, L. <i>pietas</i> piety, kindness, pity. See <u>Pious</u>, and cf. <u>Piety</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Piety.</def> [Obs.] <i>Wyclif.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A feeling for the sufferings or distresses of another or others; sympathy with the grief or misery of another; compassion; fellow-feeling; commiseration.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He that hath <i>pity</i> upon the poor lendeth unto the Lord.</blockquote> <i>Prov. xix. 17.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>He . . . has no more <i>pity</i> in him than a dog.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A reason or cause of pity, grief, or regret; a thing to be regretted.</def> "The more the <i>pity</i>." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>What <i>pity</i> is it<BR> That we can die but once to serve our country!</blockquote> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p>&fist; In this sense, sometimes used in the plural, especially in the colloquialism: "It is a thousand <i>pities</i>."</p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Compassion; mercy; commiseration; condolence; sympathy, fellow-suffering; fellow-feeling. — <u>Pity</u>, <u>Sympathy</u>, <u>Compassion</u>. <i>Sympathy</i> is literally <i>fellow-feeling</i>, and therefore requiers a certain degree of equality in situation, circumstances, etc., to its fullest exercise. <i>Compassion</i> is deep tenderness for another under severe or inevitable misfortune. <i>Pity</i> regards its object not only as suffering, but <i>weak</i>, and hence as inferior.</p>

<p><hw>Pit"y</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Pitied</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Pitying</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To feel pity or compassion for; to have sympathy with; to compassionate; to commiserate; to have tender feelings toward (any one), awakened by a knowledge of suffering.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Like as a father <i>pitieth</i> his children, so the Lord <i>pitieth</i> them that fear him.</blockquote> <i>Ps. ciii. 13.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To move to pity; — used impersonally.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>It <i>pitieth</i> them to see her in the dust.</blockquote> <i>Bk. of Com. Prayer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pit"y</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To be compassionate; to show pity.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I will not <i>pity</i>, nor spare, nor have mercy.</blockquote> <i>Jer. xiii. 14.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pit"y*ing</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Expressing pity; as, a <i>pitying</i> eye, glance, or word.</def> — <wf>Pit"y*ing*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>||Pit`y*ri"a*sis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?;, lit., bran.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>A superficial affection of the skin, characterized by irregular patches of thin scales which are shed in branlike particles.</def></p>

<p><col><b>||Pityriasis versicolor</b></col><cd> [NL.] <i>(Med.)</i>, a parasitic disease of the skin, characterized by the development of reddish or brownish patches.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pit"y*roid</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; bran + <i>- oid</i>.] <def>Having the form of, or resembling, bran.</def> <i>Smart.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Pi"&ugrave;</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> [It., fr. L. <i>plus</i>. See <u>Plus</u>.] <i>(Mus.)</i> <def>A little more; as, <i>pi&ugrave;</i> allegro, a little more briskly.</def></p>

<p><hw>Piv"ot</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F.; prob. akin to It. <i>piva</i> pipe, F. <i>pipe</i>. See <u>Pipe</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A fixed pin or short axis, on the end of which a wheel or other body turns.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The end of a shaft or arbor which rests and turns in a support; as, the <i>pivot</i> of an arbor in a watch.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Hence, figuratively: A turning point or condition; that on which important results depend; as, the <i>pivot</i> of an enterprise.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Mil.)</i> <def>The officer or soldier who simply turns in his place whike the company or line moves around him in wheeling; — called also <i>pivot man</i>.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Pivot bridge</b></col>, <cd>a form of drawbridge in which one span, called the <i>pivot span</i>, turns about a central vertical axis.</cd> — <col><b>Pivot gun</b></col>, <cd>a gun mounted on a pivot or revolving carriage, so as to turn in any direction.</cd> — <col><b>Pivot tooth</b></col> <i>(Dentistry)</i>, <cd>an artificial crown attached to the root of a natural tooth by a pin or peg.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Piv"ot</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Pivoted</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Pivoting</u>.] <def>To place on a pivot.</def> <i>Clarke.</i></p>

<p><hw>Piv"ot*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to a pivot or turning point; belonging to, or constituting, a pivot; of the nature of a pivot; as, the <i>pivotal</i>opportunity of a career; the <i>pivotal</i> position in a battle.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pix</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. & v.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Pyx</u>.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pix"y</hw>, <hw>Pix"ie</hw> } (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Pixies</b></plw> (#). [For <i>Pucksy</i>, from <i>Puck</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>An old English name for a fairy; an elf.</def> [Written also <i>picksy</i>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A low creeping evergreen plant (<i>Pyxidanthera barbulata</i>), with mosslike leaves and little white blossoms, found in New Jersey and southward, where it flowers in earliest spring.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Pixy ring</b></col>, <cd>a fairy ring or circle.</cd> [Prov. Eng.] — <col><b>Pixy stool</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>a toadstool or mushroom.</cd> [Prov. Eng.]</p>

<p><hw>Pix"y-led`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Led by pixies; bewildered.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Piz`zi*ca"to</hw> (?). [It., pinched.] <i>(Mus.)</i> <def>A direction to violinists to pluck the string with the finger, instead of using the bow. (Abrev. pizz.)</def></p>

<p><hw>Piz"zle</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. Prov. G. <i>pissel</i>, <i>pesel</i>, <i>peisel</i>, <i>peserich</i>, D. <i>pees</i> a tendon or spring.] <def>The penis; — so called in some animals, as the bull.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pla`ca*bil"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>placabilitas</i>: cf. F. <i>placabilit&eacute;</i>.] <def>The quality or state of being placable or appeasable; placable disposition.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pla"ca*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>placabilis</i>, fr. <i>placare</i> to quiet, pacify: cf. F. <i>placable</i>. See <u>Placate</u>.] <def>Capable of being appeased or pacified; ready or willing to be pacified; willing to forgive or condone.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Methought I saw him <i>placable</i> and mild.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pla"ca*ble*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality of being placable.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pla*card"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., fr. <i>plaquer</i> to lay or clap on, <i>plaque</i> plate, tablet; probably from Dutch, cf. D. <i>plakken</i> to paste, post up, <i>plak</i> a flat piece of wood.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A public proclamation; a manifesto or edict issued by authority.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>All <i>placards</i> or edicts are published in his name.</blockquote> <i>Howell.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Permission given by authority; a license; as, to give a <i>placard</i> to do something.</def> [Obs.] <i>ller.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A written or printed paper, as an advertisement or a declaration, posted, or to be posted, in a public place; a poster.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Anc. Armor)</i> <def>An extra plate on the lower part of the breastplate or backplate.</def> <i>Planch&eacute;.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> [Cf. <u>Placket</u>.] <def>A kind of stomacher, often adorned with jewels, worn in the fifteenth century and later.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pla*card"</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Placarded</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Placarding</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To post placards upon or within; as, to <i>placard</i> a wall, to <i>placard</i> the city.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To announce by placards; as, to <i>placard</i> a sale.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plac"ate</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Placard</u>, 4 & 5.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pla"cate</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Placated</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Placating</u>.] [L. <i>placatus</i>, p. p. of <i>placare</i> to placate, akin to <i>placere</i> to please. See <u>Please</u>.] <def>To appease; to pacify; to concilate.</def> "Therefore is he always propitiated and <i>placated</i>." <i>Cudworth.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pla*ca"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>placatio</i>.] <def>The act of placating.</def> [R.] <i>Puttenham (1589).</i></p>

<p><hw>Place</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., fr. L. <i>platea</i> a street, an area, a courtyard, from Gr. <grk>platei^a</grk> a street, properly fem. of <grk>platy`s</grk>, flat, broad; akin to Skr. <i>p&rsdot;thu</i>, Lith. <i>platus</i>. Cf. <u>Flawn</u>, <u>Piazza</u>, <u>Plate</u>, <u>Plaza</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Any portion of space regarded as measured off or distinct from all other space, or appropriated to some definite object or use; position; ground; site; spot; rarely, unbounded space.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Here is the <i>place</i> appointed.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>What <i>place</i> can be for us<BR> Within heaven's bound?</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The word <i>place</i> has sometimes a more confused sense, and stands for that space which any body takes up; and so the universe is a <i>place</i>.</blockquote> <i>Locke.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A broad way in a city; an open space; an area; a court or short part of a street open only at one end.</def> "Hangman boys in the market <i>place</i>." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A position which is occupied and held; a dwelling; a mansion; a village, town, or city; a fortified town or post; a stronghold; a region or country.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Are you native of this <i>place</i>?</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Rank; degree; grade; order of priority, advancement, dignity, or importance; especially, social rank or position; condition; also, official station; occupation; calling.</def> "The enervating magic of <i>place</i>." <i>Hawthorne.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Men in great <i>place</i> are thrice servants.</blockquote> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>I know my <i>place</i> as I would they should do theirs.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>Vacated or relinquished space; room; stead (the departure or removal of another being or thing being implied).</def> "In <i>place</i> of Lord Bassanio." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>A definite position or passage of a document.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>place</i> of the scripture which he read was this.</blockquote> <i>Acts viii. 32.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <def>Ordinal relation; position in the order of proceeding; as, he said in the first <i>place</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>8.</b></sn> <def>Reception; effect; — implying the making room for.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>My word hath no <i>place</i> in you.</blockquote> <i>John viii. 37.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>9.</b></sn> <i>(Astron.)</i> <def>Position in the heavens, as of a heavenly body; — usually defined by its right ascension and declination, or by its latitude and longitude.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Place of arms</b></col> <i>(Mil.)</i>, <cd>a place calculated for the rendezvous of men in arms, etc., as a fort which affords a safe retreat for hospitals, magazines, etc.</cd> <i>Wilhelm.</i> — <col><b>High place</b></col> <i>(Script.)</i>, <cd>a mount on which sacrifices were offered.</cd> "Him that offereth in the <i>high place</i>." <i>Jer. xlviii. 35.</i> — <col><b>In place</b></col>, <cd>in proper position; timely.</cd> — <col><b>Out of place</b></col>, <cd>inappropriate; ill-timed; as, his remarks were <i>out of place</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Place kick</b></col> <i>(Football)</i>, <cd>the act of kicking the ball after it has been placed on the ground.</cd> — <col><b>Place name</b></col>, <cd>the name of a place or locality.</cd> <i>London Academy.</i> — <col><b>To give place</b></col>, <cd>to make room; to yield; to give way; to give advantage.</cd> "Neither <i>give place</i> to the devil." <i>Eph. iv. 27.</i> "Let all the rest <i>give place</i>." <i>Shak.</i> — <col><b>To have place</b></col>, <cd>to have a station, room, or seat; as, such desires can <i>have</i> no <i>place</i> in a good heart.</cd> — <col><b>To take place</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>To come to pass; to occur; as, the ceremony will not <i>take place</i>.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>To take precedence or priority.</cd> <i>Addison.</i> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <cd>To take effect; to prevail.</cd> "If your doctrine <i>takes place</i>." <i>Berkeley.</i> "But none of these excuses would <i>take place</i>." <i>Spenser.</i> - - <col><b>To take the place of</b></col>, <cd>to be substituted for.</cd></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Situation; seat; abode; position; locality; location; site; spot; office; employment; charge; function; trust; ground; room; stead.</p>

<p><hw>Place</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Placed</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Placing</u> (?).] [Cf. F. <i>placer</i>. See <u>Place</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To assign a place to; to put in a particular spot or place, or in a certain relative position; to direct to a particular place; to fix; to settle; to locate; as, to <i>place</i> a book on a shelf; to <i>place</i> balls in tennis.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Upon my head they <i>placed</i> a fruitless crown.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To put or set in a particular rank, office, or position; to surround with particular circumstances or relations in life; to appoint to certain station or condition of life; as, in whatever sphere one is <i>placed</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Place</i> such over them to be rulers.</blockquote> <i>Ex. xviii. 21.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To put out at interest; to invest; to loan; as, to <i>place</i> money in a bank.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To set; to fix; to repose; as, to <i>place</i> confidence in a friend.</def> "My resolution 's <i>placed</i>." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>To attribute; to ascribe; to set down.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Place</i> it for her chief virtue.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><col><b>To place</b></col> (a person), <cd>to identify him.</cd> [Colloq. U.S.]</p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — See <u>Put</u>.</p>

<p><hw>||Pla*ce"bo</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., I shall please, fut. of <i>placere</i> to please.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(R. C. Ch.)</i> <def>The first antiphon of the vespers for the dead.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>A prescription intended to humor or satisfy.</def></p>

<p><col><b>To sing placebo</b></col>, <cd>to agree with one in his opinion; to be complaisant to.</cd> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Place"ful</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>In the appointed place.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Place"less</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having no place or office.</def></p>

<p><hw>Place"man</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Placemen</b></plw> (&?;). <def>One who holds or occupies a place; one who has office under government.</def> <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p> <hw>Place"ment</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>placement</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of placing, or the state of being placed.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Position; place.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pla*cen"ta</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> L. <plw><b>Placent&aelig;</b></plw> (#), E. <plw><b>Placentas</b></plw> (#). [L., a cake, Gr. &?; a flat cake, from &?; flat, fr. &?;, &?;, anything flat and broad.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>The vascular appendage which connects the fetus with the parent, and is cast off in parturition with the afterbirth.</def></p>

<p>&fist; In most mammals the placenta is principally developed from the allantois and chorion, and tufts of vascular villi on its surface penetrate the blood vessels of the parental uterus, and thus establish a nutritive and excretory connection between the blood of the fetus and that of the parent, though the blood itself does not flow from one to the other.</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The part of a pistil or fruit to which the ovules or seeds are attached.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pla*cen"tal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Of or pertaining to the placenta; having, or characterized by having, a placenta; as, a <i>placental</i> mammal.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to the Placentalia.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pla*cen"tal</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of the Placentalia.</def></p>

<p><! p. 1093 !></p>

<p><hw>||Plac`en*ta"li*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A division of Mammalia including those that have a placenta, or all the orders above the marsupials.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pla*cen"ta*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having reference to the placenta; as, the <i>placentary</i> system of classification.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plac`en*ta"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>The mode of formation of the placenta in different animals; as, the <i>placentation</i> of mammals.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The mode in which the placenta is arranged or composed; as, axile <i>placentation</i>; parietal <i>placentation</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plac`en*tif"er*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Placenta</i> + <i>-ferous</i>.] <i>(Bot. & Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Having or producing a placenta.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pla*cen"ti*form</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Placenta</i> + <i>-form</i>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Having the shape of a placenta, or circular thickened disk somewhat thinner about the middle.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pla*cen"tious</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See <u>Please</u>.] <def>Pleasing; amiable.</def> [Obs.] "A <i>placentious</i> person." <i>Fuller.</i></p>

<p><hw>Place"-proud`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Proud of rank or office.</def> <i>Beau. & Fl.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pla"cer</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who places or sets.</def> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Plac"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Sp.] <def>A deposit of earth, sand, or gravel, containing valuable mineral in particles, especially by the side of a river, or in the bed of a mountain torrent.</def> [U.S.]</p>

<p><hw>||Pla"cet</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>placet</i> it pleases.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A vote of assent, as of the governing body of a university, of an ecclesiastical council, etc.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The assent of the civil power to the promulgation of an ecclesiastical ordinance.</def> <i>Shipley.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The king . . . annulled the royal <i>placet</i>.</blockquote> <i>J. P. Peters.</i></p>

<p><hw>Plac"id</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>placidus</i>, originally, pleasing, mild, from <i>placere</i> to please: cf. F. <i>placide</i>. See <u>Please</u>.] <def>Pleased; contented; unruffied; undisturbed; serene; peaceful; tranquil; quiet; gentle.</def> "That <i>placid</i> aspect and meek regard." <i>Milton.</i> "Sleeping . . . the <i>placid</i> sleep of infancy." <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pla*cid"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>placiditas</i>: cf. F. <i>placidit&eacute;</i>.] <def>The quality or state of being placid; calmness; serenity.</def> <i>Hawthorne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Plac"id*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a placid manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plac"id*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality or state of being placid.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plac"it</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>placitum</i>. See <u>Plea</u>.] <def>A decree or determination; a dictum.</def> [Obs.] "The <i>placits</i> and opinions of other philosophers." <i>Evelyn.</i></p>

<p><hw>Plac"i*to*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See <u>Placit</u>.] <def>Of or pertaining to pleas or pleading, in courts of law.</def> [Obs.] <i>Clayton.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Plac"i*tum</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Placita</b></plw> (#). [LL. See <u>Placit</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A public court or assembly in the Middle Ages, over which the sovereign president when a consultation was held upon affairs of state.</def> <i>Brande & C.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Old Eng. Law)</i> <def>A court, or cause in court.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Law)</i> <def>A plea; a pleading; a judicial proceeding; a suit.</def> <i>Burrill.</i></p>

<p><hw>Plack</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>plaque</i> a plate of metal. Cf. <u>Plaque</u>.] <def>A small copper coin formerly current in Scotland, worth less than a cent.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>With not a <i>plack</i> in the pocket of the poet.</blockquote> <i>Prof. Wilson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Plack"et</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>plaquer</i> to lay or clap on. See <u>Placard</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A petticoat, esp. an under petticoat; hence, a cant term for a woman.</def> [Obs.] <i>Beau. & Fl.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The opening or slit left in a petticoat or skirt for convenience in putting it on; — called also <i>placket hole</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A woman's pocket.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plac"o*derm</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;, &?;, tablet + &?; skin.] <i>(Paleon.)</i> <def>One of the Placodermi.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plac`o*der"mal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Paleon.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to the placoderms; like the placoderms.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Plac`o*der"ma*ta</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL.] <i>(Paleon.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Placodermi</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Plac`o*der"mi</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, &?;, a tablet + &?; skin.] <i>(Paleon.)</i> <def>An extinct group of fishes, supposed to be ganoids. The body and head were covered with large bony plates. See <i>Illust.</i> under <u>Pterichthys</u>, and <u>Coccosteus</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plac`o*ga"noid</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Pertaining to the Placoganoidei.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Plac`o*ga*noi"de*i</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, &?;, a tablet + NL. <i>ganoidei</i>. See <u>Ganoidei</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A division of ganoid fishes including those that have large external bony plates and a cartilaginous skeleton.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plac"oid</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;, &?;, a tablet + <i>-oid</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Platelike; having irregular, platelike, bony scales, often bearing spines; pertaining to the placoids.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plac"oid</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>Any fish having placoid scales, as the sharks.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>One of the Placoides.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pla*coi"des</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A group of fishes including the sharks and rays; the Elasmobranchii; — called also <i>Placoidei</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pla*coid"i*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of the placoids.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pla*coph"o*ra</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., from Gr. &?;, &?;, tablet + &?; to bear.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A division of gastropod Mollusca, including the chitons. The back is covered by eight shelly plates. Called also <i>Polyplacophora</i>. See <i>Illust.</i> under <u>Chiton</u>, and <u>Isopleura</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pla"ga</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Plag&aelig;</b></plw> (#). [L. <i>pl&amacr;ga</i> a blow, a welt, a stripe.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A stripe of color.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pla"gal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [F., from Gr. &?; sidewise, slanting.] <i>(Mus.)</i> <def>Having a scale running from the dominant to its octave; — said of certain old church modes or tunes, as opposed to those called <i>authentic</i>, which ran from the tonic to its octave.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Plagal cadence</b></col>, <cd>a cadence in which the final chord on the tonic is preceded by the chord on the subdominant.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pla"gate</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Having plag&aelig;, or irregular enlongated color spots.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plage</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., fr. L. <i>plaga</i>.] <def>A region; country.</def> [Obs.] "The <i>plages</i> of the north." <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pla"gia*rism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>plagiarisme</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act or practice of plagiarizing.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>That which plagiarized.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pla"gia*rist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who plagiarizes; or purloins the words, writings, or ideas of another, and passes them off as his own; a literary thief; a plagiary.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pla"gia*rize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Plagiarized</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Plagiarizing</u>.] <def>To steal or purloin from the writings of another; to appropriate without due acknowledgement (the ideas or expressions of another).</def></p>

<p><hw>Pla"gia*ry</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To commit plagiarism.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pla"gia*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Plagiaries</b></plw> (#). [L. <i>plagiarius</i> a kidnaper, a literary thief, fr. <i>plagium</i> kidnaping; cf. <i>plaga</i> a net, perh. akin to E. <i>plait</i>: cf. F. <i>plagiaire</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A manstealer; a kidnaper.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>One who purloins another's expressions or ideas, and offers them as his own; a plagiarist.</def> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Plagiarism; literary thief.</def> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pla"gia*ry</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Kidnaping.</def> [Obs.] <i>E. Browne.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Practicing plagiarism.</def> <i>Bp. Hall.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pla`gi*he"dral</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; oblique + &?; base, seat.] <i>(Crystallog.)</i> <def>Having an oblique spiral arrangement of planes, as levogyrate and dextrogyrate crystals.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pla`gi*o*ce*phal"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; oblique + &?; the head.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Having an oblique lateral deformity of the skull.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pla`gi*o*ceph"a*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Oblique lateral deformity of the skull.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pla"gi*o*clase</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; oblique + &?; to break.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>A general term used of any triclinic feldspar. See the Note under <u>Feldspar</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pla"gi*o*nite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; oblique. So called in allusion to its usually oblique crystallization.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>A sulphide of lead and antimony, of a blackish lead-gray color and metallic luster.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pla`gi*o*stom"a*tous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Plagiostomous</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pla"gi*o*stome</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of the Plagiostomi.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pla`gi*os"to*mi</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., from Gr. &?; slanting + &?;, &?;, mouth.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>An order of fishes including the sharks and rays; — called also <i>Plagiostomata</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pla`gi*os"to*mous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to the Plagiostomi.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pla`gi*o*trem"a*ta</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos>; [NL., fr. Gr. &?; slanting + &?;, &?;, a hole.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Lepidosauria</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pla`gi*o*trop"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; aslant + &?; to turn.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Having the longer axis inclined away from the vertical line.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pla"gi*um</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L.] <i>(Civil Law)</i> <def>Manstealing; kidnaping.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pla*gose"</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>plagosus</i>. See <u>Plague</u>.] <def>Fond of flogging; as, a <i>plagose</i> master.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Plague</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>plaga</i> a blow, stroke, plague; akin to Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to strike; cf. L. <i>plangere</i> to strike, beat. Cf. <u>Plaint</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>That which smites, wounds, or troubles; a blow; a calamity; any afflictive evil or torment; a great trail or vexation.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>And men blasphemed God for the <i>plague</i> of hail.</blockquote> <i>Wyclif.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The different <i>plague</i> of each calamity.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>An acute malignant contagious fever, that often prevails in Egypt, Syria, and Turkey, and has at times visited the large cities of Europe with frightful mortality; hence, any pestilence; as, the great London <i>plague</i>.</def> "A <i>plague</i> upon the people fell." <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Cattle plague</b></col>. <cd>See <u>Rinderpest</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Plague mark</b></col>, <col><b>Plague spot</b></col>, <cd>a spot or mark of the plague; hence, a token of something incurable.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Plague</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Plagued</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Plaguing</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To infest or afflict with disease, calamity, or natural evil of any kind.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Thus were they <i>plagued</i><BR> And worn with famine.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Fig.: To vex; to tease; to harass.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>She will <i>plague</i> the man that loves her most.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — To vex; torment; distress; afflict; harass; annoy; tease; tantalize; trouble; molest; embarrass; perplex.</p>

<p><hw>Plague"ful</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Abounding, or infecting, with plagues; pestilential; as, <i>plagueful</i> exhalations.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plague"less</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Free from plagues or the plague.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pla"guer</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who plagues or annoys.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pla"gui*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a plaguing manner; vexatiously; extremely.</def> [Colloq.] "Ronsard is so <i>plaguily</i> stiff and stately." <i>Landor.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pla"guy</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Vexatious; troublesome; tormenting; as, a <i>plaguy</i> horse. [Colloq.] Also used adverbially; as, "He is so <i>plaguy</i> proud."</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Plaice</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>plaise</i>, <i>plais</i>, prob. fr. L. <i>platessa</i> flatish, plaice. See <u>Place</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A European food fish (<i>Pleuronectes platessa</i>), allied to the flounder, and growing to the weight of eight or ten pounds or more.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A large American flounder (<i>Paralichthys dentatus</i>; called also <i>brail</i>, <i>puckermouth</i>, and <i>summer flounder</i>. The name is sometimes applied to other allied species.</def> [Written also <i>plaise</i>.]</p>

<p><col><b>Plaice mouth</b></col>, <cd>a mouth like that of a plaice; a small or wry mouth.</cd> [R.] <i>B. Jonson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Plaid</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gael. <i>plaide</i> a blanket or plaid, contr. fr. <i>peallaid</i> a sheepskin, fr. <i>peall</i> a skin or hide. CF. <u>Pillion</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A rectangular garment or piece of cloth, usually made of the checkered material called tartan, but sometimes of plain gray, or gray with black stripes. It is worn by both sexes in Scotland.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Goods of any quality or material of the pattern of a plaid or tartan; a checkered cloth or pattern.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plaid</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having a pattern or colors which resemble a Scotch plaid; checkered or marked with bars or stripes at right angles to one another; as, <i>plaid</i> muslin.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plaid"ed</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Of the material of which plaids are made; tartan.</def> "In <i>plaided</i> vest." <i>Wordsworth.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Wearing a plaid.</def> <i>Campbell.</i></p>

<p><hw>Plaid"ing</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Plaid cloth.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plain</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [OE. <i>playne</i>, <i>pleyne</i>, fr. F. <i>plaindre</i>. See <u>Plaint</u>.] <def>To lament; to bewail; to complain.</def> [Archaic & Poetic] <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>We with piteous heart unto you <i>pleyne</i>.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Plain</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To lament; to mourn over; as, to <i>plain</i> a loss.</def> [Archaic & Poetic] <i>Sir J. Harrington.</i></p>

<p><hw>Plain</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<pos><i>Compar.</i></pos> <u>Plainer</u> (?); <pos><i>superl.</i></pos> <u>Plainest</u>.] [F., level, flat, fr. L. <i>planus</i>, perhaps akin to E. <i>floor</i>. Cf. <u>Llano</u>, <u>Piano</u>, <u>Plan</u>, <u>Plane</u> level, a level surface.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Without elevations or depressions; flat; level; smooth; even. See <u>Plane</u>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The crooked shall be made straight, and the rough places <i>plain</i>.</blockquote> <i>Isa. xl. 4.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Open; clear; unencumbered; equal; fair.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Our troops beat an army in <i>plain</i> fight.</blockquote> <i>Felton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Not intricate or difficult; evident; manifest; obvious; clear; unmistakable.</def> "'T is a <i>plain</i> case." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>Void of extraneous beauty or ornament; without conspicious embellishment; not rich; simple.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>Not highly cultivated; unsophisticated; free from show or pretension; simple; natural; homely; common.</def> "<i>Plain</i> yet pious Christians." <i>Hammond.</i> "The <i>plain</i> people." <i>A. Lincoln.</i> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <def>Free from affectation or disguise; candid; sincere; artless; honest; frank.</def> "An honest mind, and <i>plain</i>." <i>Shak.</i> <sd><i>(d)</i></sd> <def>Not luxurious; not highly seasoned; simple; as, <i>plain</i> food.</def> <sd><i>(e)</i></sd> <def>Without beauty; not handsome; homely; as, a <i>plain</i> woman.</def> <sd><i>(f)</i></sd> <def>Not variegated, dyed, or figured; as, <i>plain</i> muslin.</def> <sd><i>(g)</i></sd> <def>Not much varied by modulations; as, a <i>plain</i> tune.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Plain battle</b></col>, <cd>open battle; pitched battle.</cd> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i> — <col><b>Plain chant</b></col> <i>(Mus.)</i> <cd>Same as <i>Plain song</i>, below.</cd> — <col><b>Plain chart</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>a chart laid down on Mercator's projection.</cd> — <col><b>Plain dealer</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>One who practices plain dealing</cd>. <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>A simpleton</cd>. [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i> — <col><b>Plain dealing</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Dealing</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Plain molding</b></col> <i>(Join.)</i>, <cd>molding of which the surfaces are plain figures.</cd> — <col><b>Plain sewing</b></col>, <cd>sewing of seams by simple and common stitches, in distinct from fancy work, embroidery, etc.; — distinguished also from designing and fitting garments.</cd> — <col><b>Plain song</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>The Gregorian chant, or <i>canto fermo</i>; the prescribed melody of the Roman Catholic service, sung in unison, in tones of equal length, and rarely extending beyond the compass of an octave</cd>. <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>A simple melody.</cd> — <col><b>Plain speaking</b></col>, <cd>plainness or bluntness of speech.</cd></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Level; flat; smooth; open; artless; unaffected; undisguised; frank; sincere; honest; candid; ingenuous; unembellished; downright; blunt; clear; simple; distinct; manifest; obvious; apparent. See <u>Manifest</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Plain</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a plain manner; plainly.</def> "To speak short and <i>pleyn</i>." <i>Chaucer.</i> "To tell you <i>plain</i>." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Plain</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. OF. <i>plaigne</i>, F. <i>plaine</i>. See <u>Plain</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Level land; usually, an open field or a broad stretch of land with an even surface, or a surface little varied by inequalities; as, the <i>plain</i> of Jordan; the American <i>plains</i>, or prairies.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Descending fro the mountain into <i>playn</i>.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Him the Ammonite<BR> Worshiped in Rabba and her watery <i>plain</i>.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A field of battle.</def> [Obs.] <i>Arbuthnot.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Lead forth my soldiers to the <i>plain</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Plain</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Plained</u> (&?;); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Plaining</u>.] [Cf. <u>Plane</u>, <pos><i>v.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To plane or level; to make plain or even on the surface.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>We would rake Europe rather, <i>plain</i> the East.</blockquote> <i>Wither.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To make plain or manifest; to explain.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>What's dumb in show, I'll <i>plain</i> in speech.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Plain"ant</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See 1st <u>Plain</u>.] <i>(Law)</i> <def>One who makes complaint; the plaintiff.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Plain"-deal`ing</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Practicing plain dealing; artless. See <i>Plain dealing</i>, under <u>Dealing</u>.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Plain"-heart`ed</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Frank; sincere; artless.</def> <i>Milton.</i> — <wf>Plain"- heart`ed*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Plain"ing</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Complaint.</def> [Poetic] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Plain"ing</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Complaining.</def> [Poetic] <i>Bryant.</i></p>

<p><hw>Plain"-laid`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>Consisting of strands twisted together in the ordinary way; as, a <i>plain-laid</i> rope. See <i>Illust.</i> of <u>Cordage</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plain"ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a plain manner; clearly.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plain"ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality or state of being plain.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plains"man</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>- men</b></plw> (&?;). <def>One who lives in the plains.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plain"-spo`ken</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Speaking with plain, unreserved sincerity; also, spoken sincerely; as, <i>plain-spoken</i> words.</def> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Plaint</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>plainte</i>, <i>pleynte</i>, F. <i>plainte</i>, fr. L. <i>plangere</i>, <i>planctum</i> (<i>plancta</i>, fem. p. p.), to beat, beat the breast, lament. Cf. <u>Complain</u>, <u>Plague</u>, <u>Plangent</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Audible expression of sorrow; lamentation; complaint; hence, a mournful song; a lament.</def> <i>Chaucer.</i>"The Psalmist's mournful <i>plaint</i>." <i>Wordsworth.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>An accusation or protest on account of an injury.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>There are three just grounds of war with Spain: one of <i>plaint</i>, two upon defense.</blockquote> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Law)</i> <def>A private memorial tendered to a court, in which a person sets forth his cause of action; the exhibiting of an action in writing.</def> <i>Blackstone.</i></p>

<p><! p. 1094 !></p>

<p><hw>Plaint"ful</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Containing a plaint; complaining; expressing sorrow with an audible voice.</def> "My <i>plaintful</i> tongue." <i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></p>

<p><hw>Plain"tiff</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>plaintif</i> making complaint, plaintive; in Old French equiv. to <i>plaignant</i> complainant, prosecutor, fr. <i>plaindre</i>. See <u>Plaint</u>, and cf. <u>Plaintive</u>.] <i>(Law)</i> <def>One who commences a personal action or suit to obtain a remedy for an injury to his rights; — opposed to <i>defendant</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plain"tiff</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Plaintive</u>.</def> [Obs.] <i>Prior.</i></p>

<p><hw>Plain"tive</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [F. <i>plaintif</i>. See <u>Plaintiff</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Repining; complaining; lamenting.</def> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Expressive of sorrow or melancholy; mournful; sad.</def> "The most <i>plaintive</i> ditty." <i>Landor.</i></p>

<p>— <wf>Plain"tive*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Plain"tive*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Plaint"less</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Without complaint; unrepining.</def> "<i>Plaintless</i> patience." <i>Savage.</i></p>

<p><hw>Plai`sance"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F.] <def>See <u>Pleasance</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plaise</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>See <u>Plaice</u>.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Plais"ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Obs.] <def>See <u>Plaster</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plait</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>playte</i>, OF. <i>pleit</i>, L. <i>plicatum</i>, <i>plicitum</i>, p. p. of <i>plicare</i> to fold, akin to <i>plectere</i> to plait. See <u>Ply</u>, and cf. <u>Plat</u> to weave, <u>Pleat</u>, <u>Plight</u> fold.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A flat fold; a doubling, as of cloth; a pleat; as, a box <i>plait</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>plaits</i> and foldings of the drapery.</blockquote> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A braid, as of hair or straw; a plat.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Polish plait</b></col>. <i>(Med.)</i> <cd>Same as <u>Plica</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Plait</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Plaited</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Plaiting</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To fold; to double in narrow folds; to pleat; as, to <i>plait</i> a ruffle.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To interweave the strands or locks of; to braid; to plat; as, to <i>plait</i> hair; to <i>plait</i> rope.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plait"ed</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Folded; doubled over; braided; figuratively, involved; intricate; artful.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Time shall unfold what <i>plaited</i> cunning hides.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Plait"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who, or that which, plaits.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plan</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., fr. L. <i>planus</i> flat, level. See <u>Plain</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A draught or form; properly, a representation drawn on a plane, as a map or a chart; especially, a top view, as of a machine, or the representation or delineation of a horizontal section of anything, as of a building; a graphic representation; a diagram.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A scheme devised; a method of action or procedure expressed or described in language; a project; as, the <i>plan</i> of a constitution; the <i>plan</i> of an expedition.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>God's <i>plans</i> like lines pure and white unfold.</blockquote> <i>M. R. Smith.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A method; a way of procedure; a custom.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The simple <i>plan</i>,<BR> That they should take who have the power,<BR> And they should keep who can.</blockquote> <i>Wordsworth.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Body plan</b></col>, <col><b>Floor plan</b></col>, <cd>etc. See under <u>Body</u>, <u>Floor</u>, etc.</cd></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Scheme; draught; delineation; plot; sketch; project; design; contrivance; device. See <u>Scheme</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Plan</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Planned</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Planning</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To form a delineation of; to draught; to represent, as by a diagram.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To scheme; to devise; to contrive; to form in design; as, to <i>plan</i> the conquest of a country.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Even in penance, <i>planning</i> sins anew.</blockquote> <i>Goldsmith.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Pla*na"ri*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> L. <plw><b>Planari&aelig;</b></plw> (#), E. <plw><b>-rias</b></plw> (#). [NL. See <u>Planary</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any species of turbellarian worms belonging to <i>Planaria</i>, and many allied genera. The body is usually flat, thin, and smooth. Some species, in warm countries, are terrestrial.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pla*na"ri*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of the Planarida, or Dendroc&oelig;la; any turbellarian worm.</def> — <wf>Pla*na"ri*an</wf>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>||Pla*nar"i*da</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A division of Turbellaria; the Dendroc&oelig;la.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pla*na"ri*oid</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Planaria</i> + <i>-oid</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Like the planarians.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pla"na*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>planarius</i> level. See <u>Plane</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <def>Of or pertaining to a plane.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Planch</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>planche</i>.] <def>A plank.</def> [Obs.] <i>Ld. Berners.</i></p>

<p><hw>Planch</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Planched</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Planching</u>.] [F. <i>planche</i> a board, plank. See <u>Plank</u>.] <def>To make or cover with planks or boards; to plank.</def> [Obs.] "To that vineyard is a <i>planched</i> gate." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Planch"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., <i>planche</i>. See <u>Planch</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A floor of wood; also, a plank.</def> [Obs.] <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>The under side of a cornice; a soffit.</def></p>

<p><hw>Planch"er</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To form of planks.</def> [Obs.] <i>Golding.</i></p>

<p><hw>Planch"et</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>planchette</i> a small board, dim. of <i>planche</i>. See <u>Planch</u>.] <def>A flat piece of metal; especially, a disk of metal ready to be stamped as a coin.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plan`chette"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. See <u>Planchet</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A circumferentor. See <u>Circumferentor</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A small tablet of wood supported on casters and having a pencil attached. The characters produced by the pencil on paper, while the hand rests on the instrument and it is allowed to move, are sometimes translated as of oracular or supernatural import.</def></p>

<p><hw>Planch"ing</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The laying of floors in a building; also, a floor of boards or planks.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plane</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., fr. L. <i>platanus</i>, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; broad; — so called on account of its broad leaves and spreading form. See <u>Place</u>, and cf. <u>Platane</u>, <u>Plantain</u> the tree.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Any tree of the genus Platanus.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The Oriental plane (<i>Platanus orientalis</i>) is a native of Asia. It rises with a straight, smooth, branching stem to a great height, with palmated leaves, and long pendulous peduncles, sustaining several heads of small close-sitting flowers. The seeds are downy, and collected into round, rough, hard balls. The Occidental plane (<i>Platanus occidentalis</i>), which grows to a great height, is a native of North America, where it is popularly called <i>sycamore</i>, <i>buttonwood</i>, and <i>buttonball</i>, names also applied to the California species (<i>Platanus racemosa</i>).</p>

<p><hw>Plane</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>planus</i>: cf. F. <i>plan</i>. See <u>Plan</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <def>Without elevations or depressions; even; level; flat; lying in, or constituting, a plane; as, a <i>plane</i> surface.</def></p>

<p>&fist; In science, this word (instead of <i>plain</i>) is almost exclusively used to designate a flat or level surface.</p>

<p><col><b>Plane angle</b></col>, <cd>the angle included between two straight lines in a plane.</cd> — <col><b>Plane chart</b></col>, <col><b>Plane curve</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Chart</u> and <u>Curve</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Plane figure</b></col>, <cd>a figure all points of which lie in the same plane. If bounded by straight lines it is a <i>rectilinear plane figure</i>, if by curved lines it is a <i>curvilinear plane figure</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Plane geometry</b></col>, <cd>that part of geometry which treats of the relations and properties of plane figures.</cd> — <col><b>Plane problem</b></col>, <cd>a problem which can be solved geometrically by the aid of the right line and circle only.</cd> — <col><b>Plane sailing</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>the method of computing a ship's place and course on the supposition that the earth's surface is a plane.</cd> — <col><b>Plane scale</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>a scale for the use of navigators, on which are graduated chords, sines, tangents, secants, rhumbs, geographical miles, etc.</cd> — <col><b>Plane surveying</b></col>, <cd>surveying in which the curvature of the earth is disregarded; ordinary field and topographical surveying of tracts of moderate extent.</cd> — <col><b>Plane table</b></col>, <cd>an instrument used for plotting the lines of a survey on paper in the field.</cd> — <col><b>Plane trigonometry</b></col>, <cd>the branch of trigonometry in which its principles are applied to plane triangles.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Plane</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>plane</i>, L. <i>plana</i>. See <u>Plane</u>, <pos><i>v.</i></pos> & <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Geom.)</i> <def>A surface, real or imaginary, in which, if any two points are taken, the straight line which joins them lies wholly in that surface; or a surface, any section of which by a like surface is a straight line; a surface without curvature.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Astron.)</i> <def>An ideal surface, conceived as coinciding with, or containing, some designated astronomical line, circle, or other curve; as, the <i>plane</i> of an orbit; the <i>plane</i> of the ecliptic, or of the equator.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Mech.)</i> <def>A block or plate having a perfectly flat surface, used as a standard of flatness; a surface plate.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Joinery)</i> <def>A tool for smoothing boards or other surfaces of wood, for forming moldings, etc. It consists of a smooth-soled stock, usually of wood, from the under side or face of which projects slightly the steel cutting edge of a chisel, called the <i>iron</i>, which inclines backward, with an apperture in front for the escape of shavings; as, the jack <i>plane</i>; the smoothing <i>plane</i>; the molding <i>plane</i>, etc.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Objective plane</b></col> <i>(Surv.)</i>, <cd>the horizontal plane upon which the object which is to be delineated, or whose place is to be determined, is supposed to stand.</cd> — <col><b>Perspective plane</b></col>. <cd>See <u>Perspective</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Plane at infinity</b></col> <i>(Geom.)</i>, <cd>a plane in which points infinitely distant are conceived as situated.</cd> — <col><b>Plane iron</b></col>, <cd>the cutting chisel of a joiner's plane.</cd> — <col><b>Plane of polarization</b></col>. <i>(Opt.)</i> <cd>See <u>Polarization</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Plane of projection</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>The plane on which the projection is made, corresponding to the <i>perspective plane</i> in perspective; — called also <i>principal plane</i>.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <i>(Descriptive Geom.)</i> <cd>One of the planes to which points are referred for the purpose of determining their relative position in space.</cd> — <col><b>Plane of refraction</b></col> or <col><b>reflection</b></col> <i>(Opt.)</i>, <cd>the plane in which lie both the incident ray and the refracted or reflected ray.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Plane</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Planed</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Planing</u>.] [Cf. F. <i>planer</i>, L. <i>planare</i>, fr. <i>planus</i>. See <u>Plane</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>, <u>Plain</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>, and cf. <u>Planish</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To make smooth; to level; to pare off the inequalities of the surface of, as of a board or other piece of wood, by the use of a plane; as, to <i>plane</i> a plank.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To efface or remove.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He <i>planed</i> away the names . . . written on his tables.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Figuratively, to make plain or smooth.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>What student came but that you <i>planed</i> her path.</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Plane`-par"al*lel</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Optics)</i> <def>Having opposite surfaces exactly plane and parallel, as a piece of glass.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plan"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who, or that which, planes; a planing machine; esp., a machine for planing wood or metals.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Print.)</i> <def>A wooden block used for forcing down the type in a form, and making the surface even.</def> <i>Hansard.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Planer centers</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Center</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Plan"er tree`</hw> (?). [From J. S. <i>Planer</i>, a German botanist.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A small-leaved North American tree (<i>Planera aquatica</i>) related to the elm, but having a wingless, nutlike fruit.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plan"et</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>planete</i>, F. <i>plan&egrave;te</i>, L. <i>planeta</i>, fr. Gr. &?;, and &?; a planet; prop. wandering, fr. &?; to wander, fr. &?; a wandering.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Astron.)</i> <def>A celestial body which revolves about the sun in an orbit of a moderate degree of eccentricity. It is distinguished from a <i>comet</i> by the absence of a coma, and by having a less eccentric orbit. See <u>Solar system</u>.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The term <i>planet</i> was first used to distinguish those stars which have an apparent motion through the constellations from the <i>fixed</i> stars, which retain their relative places unchanged. The <i>inferior planets</i> are Mercury and Venus, which are nearer to the sun than is the earth; the <i>superior planets</i> are Mars, the asteroids, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune, which are farther from the sun than is the earth. <i>Primary planets</i> are those which revolve about the sun; <i>secondary planets</i>, or <i>moons</i>, are those which revolve around the primary planets as satellites, and at the same time revolve with them about the sun.</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A star, as influencing the fate of a men.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>There's some ill <i>planet</i> reigns.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Planet gear</b></col>. <i>(Mach.)</i> <cd>See <i>Epicyclic train</i>, under <u>Epicyclic</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Planet wheel</b></col>, <cd>a gear wheel which revolves around the wheel with which it meshes, in an epicyclic train.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Plane" ta`ble</hw> (?). <def>See under <u>Plane</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos></def></p>

<p><hw>Plan`e*ta"ri*um</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL.: cf. F. <i>plan&eacute;taire</i>. See <u>Planetary</u>.] <def>An orrery. See <u>Orrery</u>.</def> </p>

<p><hw>Plan"et*a*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. L. <i>planetarius</i> an astrologer, F. <i>plan&eacute;taire</i> planetary. See <u>Planet</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Of or pertaining to the planets; as, <i>planetary</i> inhabitants; <i>planetary</i> motions; <i>planetary</i> year.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Consisting of planets; as, a <i>planetary</i> system.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Astrol.)</i> <def>Under the dominion or influence of a planet.</def> "Skilled in the <i>planetary</i> hours." <i>Drayton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Caused by planets.</def> "A <i>planetary</i> plague." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>Having the nature of a planet; erratic; revolving; wandering.</def> "Erratical and <i>planetary</i> life." <i>Fuller.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Planetary days</b></col>, <cd>the days of the week as shared among the planets known to the ancients, each having its day.</cd> <i>Hutton.</i> — <col><b>Planetary nebula</b></col>, <cd>a nebula exhibiting a uniform disk, like that of a planet.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Plan"et*ed</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Belonging to planets.</def> [R.] <i>Young.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pla*net"ic</hw> (?), <hw>Pla*net"ic*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>planeticus</i>, Gr. &?;.] <def>Of or pertaining to planets.</def> <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Plan"et*oid</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Planet</i> + <i>-oid</i>.] <i>(Astron.)</i> <def>A body resembling a planet; an asteroid.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plan"et*oid*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pertaining to a planetoid.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plane" tree`</hw> (?). <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Same as 1st <u>Plane</u>.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Plan"et-strick`en</hw> (?), <hw>Plan"et-struck`</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Affected by the influence of planets; blasted.</def> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Like <i>planet-stricken</i> men of yore<BR> He trembles, smitten to the core<BR> By strong compunction and remorse.</blockquote> <i>Wordsworth.</i></p>

<p><hw>Plan"et*ule</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A little planet.</def> [R.] <i>Conybeare.</i></p>

<p><hw>Plan"gen*cy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality or state of being plangent; a beating sound.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Plan"gent</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>plangens</i>, <i>-entis</i>, fr. <i>plangere</i> to beat. See <u>Plaint</u>.] <def>Beating; dashing, as a wave.</def> [R.] "The <i>plangent</i> wave." <i>H. Taylor.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Plan"i-</hw> (?), <hw>Plan"o-</hw> (?) }. [L. <i>planus</i>. See <u>Plane</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <def>Combining forms signifying <i>flat</i>, <i>level</i>, <i>plane</i>; as <i>plani</i>folious, <i>plani</i>metry, <i>plano</i>- concave.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plan`i*fo"li*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Plani-</i> + L. <i>folium</i> leaf.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Flat-leaved.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plan"i*form</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Having a plane surface; as, a <i>planiform</i>, gliding, or arthrodial articulation.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pla*nim"e*ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Plani-</i> + <i>-meter</i>. Cf. <u>Planometer</u>.] <def>An instrument for measuring the area of any plane figure, however irregular, by passing a tracer around the bounding line; a platometer.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Plan`i*met"ric</hw> (?; 277), <hw>Plan`i*met"ric*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>planim&eacute;trique</i>.] <def>Of or pertaining to planimetry.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pla*nim"e*try</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>planim&eacute;trie</i>.] <def>The mensuration of plane surfaces; — distinguished from <i>stereometry</i>, or the mensuration of volumes.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plan"ing</hw> (?), <def><pos><i>a. & vb. n.</i></pos> fr. <u>Plane</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos></def></p>

<p><col><b>Planing machine</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>See <u>Planer</u>.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>A complex machine for planing wood, especially boards, containing usually a rapidly revolving cutter, which chips off the surface in small shavings as the piece to be planed is passed under it by feeding apparatus.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pla`ni*pen"nate</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to Planipennia.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pla`ni*pen"ni*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr. L. <i>planus</i> plane + <i>penna</i> wing.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A suborder of Neuroptera, including those that have broad, flat wings, as the ant-lion, lacewing, etc. Called also <i>Planipennes</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plan`i*pet"al*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Plani-</i> + <i>petal</i>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Having flat petals.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plan"ish</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Planished</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Planishing</u>.] [OF. <i>planir</i>, F. <i>planer</i>. See <u>Plane</u>, <pos><i>v.</i></pos>, and <u>-ish</u>.] <def>To make smooth or plane, as a metallic surface; to condense, toughen, and polish by light blows with a hammer.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plan"ish*er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who, or that which, planishes.</def> <i>Weale.</i></p>

<p><hw>Plan"ish*ing</hw>, <def><pos><i>a. & vb. n.</i></pos> from <u>Planish</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos></def></p>

<p><col><b>Planishing rolls</b></col> <i>(Coining)</i>, <cd>rolls between which metal strips are passed while cold, to bring them to exactly the required thickness.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Plan"i*sphere</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Plani-</i> + <i>sphere</i>: cf. F. <i>planisph&egrave;re</i>. See <u>Plain</u>, and <u>Sphere</u>.] <def>The representation of the circles of the sphere upon a plane; especially, a representation of the celestial sphere upon a plane with adjustable circles, or other appendages, for showing the position of the heavens, the time of rising and setting of stars, etc., for any given date or hour.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plan`i*spher"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to a planisphere.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plank</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>planke</i>, OF. <i>planque</i>, <i>planche</i>, F. <i>planche</i>, fr. L. <i>planca</i>; cf. Gr. &?;, &?;, anything flat and broad. Cf. <u>Planch</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A broad piece of sawed timber, differing from a board only in being thicker. See <u>Board</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Fig.: That which supports or upholds, as a board does a swimmer.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>His charity is a better <i>plank</i> than the faith of an intolerant and bitter-minded bigot.</blockquote> <i>Southey.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>One of the separate articles in a declaration of the principles of a party or cause; as, a <i>plank</i> in the national platform.</def> [Cant]</p>

<p><col><b>Plank road</b></col>, or <col><b>Plank way</b></col>, <cd>a road surface formed of planks.</cd> [U.S.] — <col><b>To walk the plank</b></col>, <cd>to walk along a plank laid across the bulwark of a ship, until one overbalances it and falls into the sea; — a method of disposing of captives practiced by pirates.</cd></p>

<p><! p. 1095 !></p>

<p><hw>Plank</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Planked</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Planking</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To cover or lay with planks; as, to <i>plank</i> a floor or a ship.</def> "<i>Planked</i> with pine." <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To lay down, as on a plank or table; to stake or pay cash; as, to <i>plank</i> money in a wager.</def> [Colloq. U.S.]</p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To harden, as hat bodies, by felting.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Wooden Manuf.)</i> <def>To splice together the ends of slivers of wool, for subsequent drawing.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Planked shad</b></col>, <cd>shad split open, fastened to a plank, and roasted before a wood fire.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Plank"ing</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of laying planks; also, planks, collectively; a series of planks in place, as the wooden covering of the frame of a vessel.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The act of splicing slivers. See <u>Plank</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>, 4.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plank"-sheer`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Shipbuilding)</i> <def>The course of plank laid horizontally over the timberheads of a vessel's frame.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plan"less</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having no plan.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plan"ner</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who plans; a projector.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pla"no-</hw> (?). <def>See <u>Plani-</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plan"o*blast</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; to wander + <i>-blast</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any free-swimming gonophore of a hydroid; a hydroid medusa.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pla"no-con"cave</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Plano-</i> + <i>concave</i>.] <def>Plane or flat on one side, and concave on the other; as, a <i>plano-concave</i> lens. See <u>Lens</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pla"no-con"ic*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Plano-</i> + <i>conical</i>.] <def>Plane or flat on one side, and conical on the other.</def> <i>Grew.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pla"no-con"vex</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Plano-</i> + <i>convex</i>.] <def>Plane or flat on one side, and convex on the other; as, a <i>plano-convex</i> lens. See <u>Convex</u>, and <u>Lens</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pla"no-hor`i*zon"tal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Plano- </i> + <i>horizontal</i>.] <def>Having a level horizontal surface or position.</def> <i>Lee.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pla*nom"e*ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Plano-</i> + <i>-meter</i>. Cf. <u>Planimeter</u>.] <def>An instrument for gauging or testing a plane surface. See <i>Surface gauge</i>, under <u>Surface</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pla*nom"e*try</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Mech.)</i> <def>The art or process of producing or gauging a plane surface.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pla"no-or*bic"u*lar</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Plano- </i> + <i>orbicular</i>.] <def>Plane or flat on one side, and spherical on the other.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pla*nor"bis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. L. <i>planus</i> flat + <i>orbis</i> a circle.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any fresh-water air-breathing mollusk belonging to <i>Planorbis</i> and other allied genera, having shells of a discoidal form.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pla"no-su"bu*late</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Plano-</i> + <i>subulate</i>.] <def>Smooth and awl-shaped. See <u>Subulate</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plant</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>plante</i>, L. <i>planta</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A vegetable; an organized living being, generally without feeling and voluntary motion, and having, when complete, a root, stem, and leaves, though consisting sometimes only of a single leafy expansion, or a series of cellules, or even a single cellule.</def></p>

<p>&fist; Plants are divided by their structure and methods of reproduction into two series, <i>ph&aelig;nogamous</i> or <i>flowering plants</i>, which have true flowers and seeds, and <i>cryptogamous</i> or <i>flowerless plants</i>, which have no flowers, and reproduce by minute one-celled spores. In both series are minute and simple forms and others of great size and complexity.</p>

<p> As to their mode of nutrition, plants may be considered as <i>self-supporting</i> and <i>dependent</i>. <i>Self-supporting plants</i> always contain chlorophyll, and subsist on air and moisture and the matter dissolved in moisture, and as a general rule they excrete oxygen, and use the carbonic acid to combine with water and form the material for their tissues. <i>Dependent plants</i> comprise all fungi and many flowering plants of a parasitic or saprophytic nature. As a rule, they have no chlorophyll, and subsist mainly or wholly on matter already organized, thus utilizing carbon compounds already existing, and not excreting oxygen. But there are plants which are partly dependent and partly self-supporting.</p>

<p> The movements of climbing plants, of some insectivorous plants, of leaves, stamens, or pistils in certain plants, and the ciliary motion of zo&ouml;spores, etc., may be considered a kind of voluntary motion.</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A bush, or young tree; a sapling; hence, a stick or staff.</def> "A <i>plant</i> of stubborn oak." <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>The sole of the foot.</def> [R.] "Knotty legs and <i>plants</i> of clay." <i>B. Jonson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Com.)</i> <def>The whole machinery and apparatus employed in carrying on a trade or mechanical business; also, sometimes including real estate, and whatever represents investment of capital in the means of carrying on a business, but not including material worked upon or finished products; as, the <i>plant</i> of a foundry, a mill, or a railroad.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>A plan; an artifice; a swindle; a trick.</def> [Slang]</p>

<p><blockquote>It was n't a bad <i>plant</i>, that of mine, on Fikey.</blockquote> <i>Dickens.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>An oyster which has been bedded, in distinction from one of natural growth.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A young oyster suitable for transplanting.</def> [Local, U.S.]</p>

<p><col><b>Plant bug</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>any one of numerous hemipterous insects which injure the foliage of plants, as <i>Lygus lineolaris</i>, which damages wheat and trees.</cd> — <col><b>Plant cutter</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a South American passerine bird of the genus <i>Phytotoma</i>, family <i>Phytotomid&aelig;</i>. It has a serrated bill with which it cuts off the young shoots and buds of plants, often doing much injury.</cd> — <col><b>Plant louse</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>any small hemipterous insect which infests plants, especially those of the families <i>Aphid&aelig;</i> and <i>Psyllid&aelig;</i>; an aphid.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Plant</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Planted</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Planting</u>.] [AS. <i>plantian</i>, L. <i>plantare</i>. See <u>Plant</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To put in the ground and cover, as seed for growth; as, to <i>plant</i> maize.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To set in the ground for growth, as a young tree, or a vegetable with roots.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Thou shalt not <i>plant</i> thee a grove of any trees.</blockquote> <i>Deut. xvi. 21.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To furnish, or fit out, with plants; as, to <i>plant</i> a garden, an orchard, or a forest.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To engender; to generate; to set the germ of.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>It engenders choler, <i>planteth</i> anger.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>To furnish with a fixed and organized population; to settle; to establish; as, to <i>plant</i> a colony.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Planting</i> of countries like planting of woods.</blockquote> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>To introduce and establish the principles or seeds of; as, to <i>plant</i> Christianity among the heathen.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <def>To set firmly; to fix; to set and direct, or point; as, to <i>plant</i> cannon against a fort; to <i>plant</i> a standard in any place; to <i>plant</i> one's feet on solid ground; to <i>plant</i> one's fist in another's face.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>8.</b></sn> <def>To set up; to install; to instate.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>We will <i>plant</i> some other in the throne.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Plant</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To perform the act of planting.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I have <i>planted</i>; Apollos watered.</blockquote> <i>1 Cor. iii. 6.</i></p>

<p><hw>Plant"a*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Capable of being planted; fit to be planted.</def> <i>B. Edwards.</i></p>

<p><hw>Plant"age</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A word used once by Shakespeare to designate plants in general, or anything that is planted.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>As true as steel, as <i>plantage</i> to the moon.</blockquote> <i>Shak. (Troil. iii. sc. 2).</i></p>

<p><hw>Plan"tain</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>plantain- arbre</i>, <i>plantanier</i>, Sp. <i>pl&aacute;ntano</i>, <i>pl&aacute;tano</i>; prob. same word as <i>plane</i> tree.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A treelike perennial herb (<i>Musa paradisiaca</i>) of tropical regions, bearing immense leaves and large clusters of the fruits called <i>plantains</i>. See <u>Musa</u>.</def> </p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The fruit of this plant. It is long and somewhat cylindrical, slightly curved, and, when ripe, soft, fleshy, and covered with a thick but tender yellowish skin. The plantain is a staple article of food in most tropical countries, especially when cooked.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Plantain cutter</b></col>, or <col><b>Plantain eater</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>any one of several large African birds of the genus <i>Musophaga</i>, or family <i>Musophagid&aelig;</i>, especially <i>Musophaga violacea</i>. See <u>Turaco</u>. They are allied to the cuckoos.</cd> — <col><b>Plantain squirrel</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a Java squirrel (<i>Sciurus plantani</i>) which feeds upon plantains.</cd> — <col><b>Plantain tree</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>the treelike herb <i>Musa paradisiaca</i>. See def. 1 (above).</cd></p>

<p><hw>Plan"tain</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., fr. L. <i>plantago</i>. Cf. <u>Plant</u>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Any plant of the genus <i>Plantago</i>, but especially the <i>P. major</i>, a low herb with broad spreading radical leaves, and slender spikes of minute flowers. It is a native of Europe, but now found near the abode of civilized man in nearly all parts of the world.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Indian plantain</b></col>. <i>(Bot.)</i> <cd>See under <u>Indian</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Mud plantain</b></col>, <cd>a homely North American aquatic plant (<i>Heteranthera reniformis</i>), having broad, reniform leaves.</cd> — <col><b>Rattlesnake plantain</b></col>, <cd>an orchidaceous plant (<i>Goodyera pubescens</i>), with the leaves blotched and spotted with white.</cd> — <col><b>Ribwort plantain</b></col>. <cd>See <u>Ribwort</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Robin's plantain</b></col>, <cd>the <i>Erigeron bellidifolium</i>, a common daisylike plant of North America.</cd> — <col><b>Water plantain</b></col>, <cd>a plant of the genus <i>Alisma</i>, having acrid leaves, and formerly regarded as a specific against hydrophobia.</cd> <i>Loudon.</i></p>

<p><hw>Plant"al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>planta</i> a plant.] <def>Belonging to plants; as, <i>plantal</i> life.</def> [Obs.] <i>Dr. H. More.</i></p>

<p><hw>Plan"tar</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>plantaris</i>, fr. <i>planta</i> the sole of the foot.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to the sole of the foot; as, the <i>plantar</i> arteries.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plan*ta"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>plantatio</i>: cf. F. <i>plantation</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act or practice of planting, or setting in the earth for growth.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The place planted; land brought under cultivation; a piece of ground planted with trees or useful plants; esp., in the United States and West Indies, a large estate appropriated to the production of the more important crops, and cultivated by laborers who live on the estate; as, a cotton <i>plantation</i>; a coffee <i>plantation</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>An original settlement in a new country; a colony.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>While these <i>plantations</i> were forming in Connecticut.</blockquote> <i>B. Trumbull.</i></p>

<p><hw>Plant"-cane`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A stalk or shoot of sugar cane of the first growth from the cutting. The growth of the second and following years is of inferior quality, and is called <i>rattoon</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plant"-eat`ing</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Eating, or subsisting on, plants; as, a <i>plant-eating</i> beetle.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plant"ed</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Joinery)</i> <def>Fixed in place, as a projecting member wrought on a separate piece of stuff; as, a <i>planted</i> molding.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plant"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who, or that which, plants or sows; as, a <i>planter</i>of corn; a machine <i>planter</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>One who owns or cultivates a plantation; as, a sugar <i>planter</i>; a coffee <i>planter</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A colonist in a new or uncultivated territory; as, the first <i>planters</i> in Virginia.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plant"er*ship</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The occupation or position of a planter, or the management of a plantation, as in the United States or the West Indies.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plant"i*cle</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Dim. of <u>Plant</u>.] <def>A young plant, or plant in embryo.</def> <i>E. Darwin.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Plan`ti*gra"da</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A subdivision of Carnivora having plantigrade feet. It includes the bears, raccoons, and allied species.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plan"ti*grade</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>planta</i> sole of the foot + <i>gradi</i> to walk: cf. F. <i>plantigrade</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>Walking on the sole of the foot; pertaining to the plantigrades.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>Having the foot so formed that the heel touches the ground when the leg is upright.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plan"ti*grade</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A plantigrade animal, or one that walks or steps on the sole of the foot, as man, and the bears.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plant"ing</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act or operation of setting in the ground for propagation, as seeds, trees, shrubs, etc.; the forming of plantations, as of trees; the carrying on of plantations, as of sugar, coffee, etc.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>That which is planted; a plantation.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Trees of righteousness, the <i>planting</i> of the Lord.</blockquote> <i>Isa. lxi. 3.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>The laying of the first courses of stone in a foundation.</def> [Eng.]</p>

<p><hw>Plant"less</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Without plants; barren of vegetation.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plant"let</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A little plant.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plan*toc"ra*cy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Planter</i> + <i>-cracy</i>, as in <i>democracy</i>.] <def>Government by planters; planters, collectively.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Plant"ule</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., dim. of <i>plante</i> a plant, L. <i>planta</i>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The embryo which has begun its development in the act of germination.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Plan"u*la</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Planul&aelig;</b></plw> (#). [L., a little plane.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>In embryonic development, a vesicle filled with fluid, formed from the morula by the divergence of its cells in such a manner as to give rise to a central space, around which the cells arrange themselves as an envelope; an embryonic form intermediate between the morula and gastrula. Sometimes used as synonymous with <i>gastrula</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The very young, free- swimming larva of the c&oelig;lenterates. It usually has a flattened oval or oblong form, and is entirely covered with cilia.</def></p>

<p><hw>Planx"ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. L. <i>plangere</i> to mourn aloud.] <i>(Mus.)</i> <def>An Irish or Welsh melody for the harp, sometimes of a mournful character.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plaque</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. Cf. <u>Plack</u>, and see <u>Placard</u>.] <def>Any flat, thin piece of metal, clay, ivory, or the like, used for ornament, or for painting pictures upon, as a slab, plate, dish, or the like, hung upon a wall; also, a smaller decoration worn on the person, as a brooch.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plash</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OD. <i>plasch</i>. See <u>Plash</u>, <pos><i>v.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A small pool of standing water; a puddle.</def> <i>Bacon.</i> "These shallow <i>plashes</i>." <i>Barrow.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A dash of water; a splash.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plash</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Plashed</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Plashing</u>.] [Cf. D. <i>plassen</i>, G. <i>platschen</i>. Cf. <u>Splash</u>.] <def>To dabble in water; to splash.</def> "<i>Plashing</i> among bedded pebbles." <i>Keats.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Far below him <i>plashed</i> the waters.</blockquote> <i>Longfellow.</i></p>

<p><hw>Plash</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To splash, as water.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To splash or sprinkle with coloring matter; as, to <i>plash</i> a wall in imitation of granite.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plash</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Plashed</u> (&?;); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Plashing</u>.] [OF. <i>plaissier</i>, <i>plessier</i>, to bend. Cf. <u>Pleach</u>.] <def>To cut partly, or to bend and intertwine the branches of; as, to <i>plash</i> a hedge.</def> <i>Evelyn.</i></p>

<p><hw>Plash</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The branch of a tree partly cut or bent, and bound to, or intertwined with, other branches.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plash"et</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Plash</i> + <i>- et</i>.] <def>A small pond or pool; a puddle.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plash"ing</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The cutting or bending and intertwining the branches of small trees, as in hedges.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The dashing or sprinkling of coloring matter on the walls of buildings, to imitate granite, etc.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plash"oot</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A hedge or fence formed of branches of trees interlaced, or <i>plashed</i>.</def> [Obs.] <i>Carew.</i></p>

<p><hw>Plash"y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [From 1st <u>Plash</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Watery; abounding with puddles; splashy.</def> "<i>Plashy</i> fens." <i>Milton.</i> "The <i>plashy</i> earth." <i>Wordsworth.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Specked, as if plashed with color.</def> <i>Keats.</i></p>

<p><hw>Plasm</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>plasma</i> anything formed or molded, that which is molded, Gr. &?;, &?;, from &?; to form, mold: cf. F. <i>plasme</i>. Cf. <u>Plasma</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A mold or matrix in which anything is cast or formed to a particular shape.</def> [R.] <i>Woodward.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Plasma</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plas"ma</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Plasm</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Min.)</i> <def>A variety of quartz, of a color between grass green and leek green, which is found associated with common chalcedony. It was much esteemed by the ancients for making engraved ornaments.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>The viscous material of an animal or vegetable cell, out of which the various tissues are formed by a process of differentiation; protoplasm.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Unorganized material; elementary matter.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>A mixture of starch and glycerin, used as a substitute for ointments.</def> <i>U. S. Disp.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Blood plasma</b></col> <i>(Physiol.)</i>, <cd>the colorless fluid of the blood, in which the red and white blood corpuscles are suspended.</cd> — <col><b>Muscle plasma</b></col> <i>(Physiol.)</i>, <cd>the fundamental part of muscle fibers, a thick, viscid, albuminous fluid contained within the sarcolemma, which on the death of the muscle coagulates to a semisolid mass.</cd></p>

<p><! p. 1096 !></p>

<p>{ <hw>Plas*mat"ic</hw> (?), <hw>Plas*mat"ic*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Forming; shaping; molding.</def> [Obs.] <i>Dr. H. More.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to plasma; having the character of plasma; containing, or conveying, plasma.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plas*ma"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>plasmatio</i>.] <def>The act of forming or molding.</def> [R.] <i>Grafton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Plas*ma"tor</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L.] <def>A former; a fashioner.</def> [R.] "The sovereign <i>plasmator</i>, God Almighty." <i>Urquhart.</i></p>

<p><hw>Plas"ma*ture</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Form; mold.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Plas"mic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of, pertaining to, or connected with, plasma; plasmatic.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plas"min</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Physiol. Chem.)</i> <def>A proteid body, separated by some physiologists from blood plasma. It is probably identical with fibrinogen.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plas*mo"di*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to, or like, a plasmodium; as, the <i>plasmodial</i> form of a life cycle.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Plas*mo"di*um</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Plasmodia</b></plw> (#). [NL. See <u>Plasma</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>A jellylike mass of free protoplasm, without any union of am&oelig;boid cells, and endowed with life and power of motion.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A naked mobile mass of protoplasm, formed by the union of several am&oelig;balike young, and constituting one of the stages in the life cycle of Mycetozoa and other low organisms.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plas"mo*gen</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Plasma</i> + <i>-gen</i>.] <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>The important living portion of protoplasm, considered a chemical substance of the highest elaboration. Germ plasm and idioplasm are forms of plasmogen.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Plas"son</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?; to form.] <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>The albuminous material composing the body of a cytode.</def></p>

<p>&fist; It is considered simpler than protoplasm of an ordinary cell in that it has not undergone differentiation into the inner cell nucleus and the outer cell substance. <i>Haeckel.</i></p>

<p><hw>Plas"ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS., a plaster (in sense 1), fr. L. <i>emplastrum</i>, Gr. &?;, &?;, fr. &?; to daub on, stuff in; &?; in + &?; to mold: cf. OF. <i>plastre</i> a plaster (in sense 2), F. <i>pl&acirc;tre</i>. Cf. <u>Plastic</u>, <u>Emplaster</u>, <u>Piaster</u>.] [Formerly written also <i>plaister</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>An external application of a consistency harder than ointment, prepared for use by spreading it on linen, leather, silk, or other material. It is adhesive at the ordinary temperature of the body, and is used, according to its composition, to produce a medicinal effect, to bind parts together, etc.; as, a porous <i>plaster</i>; sticking <i>plaster</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A composition of lime, water, and sand, with or without hair as a bond, for coating walls, ceilings, and partitions of houses. See <u>Mortar</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Calcined gypsum, or plaster of Paris, especially when ground, as used for making ornaments, figures, moldings, etc.; or calcined gypsum used as a fertilizer.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Plaster cast</b></col>, <cd>a copy of an object obtained by pouring plaster of Paris mixed with water into a mold.</cd> — <col><b>Plaster of Paris</b></col>. [So called because originally brought from a suburb of Paris.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <cd>Anhydrous calcium sulphate, or calcined gypsum, which forms with water a paste which soon sets or hardens, and is used for casts, moldings, etc. The term is loosely applied to any plaster stone or species of gypsum.</cd> — <col><b>Plaster of Paris bandage</b></col> <i>(Surg.)</i>, <cd>a bandage saturated with a paste of plaster of Paris, which on drying forms a perfectly fitting splint.</cd> — <col><b>Plaster stone</b></col>, <cd>any species of gypsum. See <u>Gypsum</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Plas"ter</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Plastered</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Plastering</u>.] [Cf. OF. <i>plastrer</i> to plaster (in sense 2), F. <i>pl&acirc;trer</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To cover with a plaster, as a wound or sore.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To overlay or cover with plaster, as the ceilings and walls of a house.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Fig.: To smooth over; to cover or conceal the defects of; to hide, as with a covering of plaster.</def> <i>Bale.</i></p>

<p><hw>Plas"ter*er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who applies plaster or mortar.</def> "Thy father was a <i>plasterer</i>." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>One who makes plaster casts.</def> "The <i>plasterer</i> doth make his figures by addition." <i>Sir H. Wotton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Plas"ter*ing</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Same as <u>Plaster</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, 2.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The act or process of overlaying with plaster.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A covering of plaster; plasterwork.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plas"ter*ly</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Resembling plaster of Paris.</def> [R.] "Out of gypseous or <i>plasterly</i> ground." <i>Fuller.</i></p>

<p><hw>Plas"ter*work`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Plastering used to finish architectural constructions, exterior or interior, especially that used for the lining of rooms. Ordinarly, mortar is used for the greater part of the work, and pure plaster of Paris for the moldings and ornaments.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plas"ter*y</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of the nature of plaster.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The stone . . . is a poor <i>plastery</i> material.</blockquote> <i>Clough.</i></p>

<p><hw>-plas"tic</hw> (-pl&abreve;s"t&ibreve;k). [Gr. &?; fit for molding, plastic, fr. &?; to mold, to form.] <def>A combining form signifying <i>developing</i>, <i>forming</i>, <i>growing</i>; as, hetero<i>plastic</i>, mono<i>plastic</i>, poly<i>plastic</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plas"tic</hw> (pl&abreve;s"t&ibreve;k), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>plasticus</i>, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to form, mold: cf. F. <i>plastique</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Having the power to give form or fashion to a mass of matter; as, the <i>plastic</i> hand of the Creator.</def> <i>Prior.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>See <i>plastic</i> Nature working to his end.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Capable of being molded, formed, or modeled, as clay or plaster; — used also figuratively; as, the <i>plastic</i> mind of a child.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Pertaining or appropriate to, or characteristic of, molding or modeling; produced by, or appearing as if produced by, molding or modeling; — said of sculpture and the kindred arts, in distinction from painting and the graphic arts.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Medallions . . . fraught with the <i>plastic</i> beauty and grace of the palmy days of Italian art.</blockquote> <i>J. S. Harford.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Plastic clay</b></col> <i>(Geol.)</i>, <cd>one of the beds of the Eocene period; — so called because used in making pottery.</cd> <i>Lyell.</i> — <col><b>Plastic element</b></col> <i>(Physiol.)</i>, <cd>one that bears within the germs of a higher form.</cd> — <col><b>Plastic exudation</b></col> <i>(Med.)</i>, <cd>an exudation thrown out upon a wounded surface and constituting the material of repair by which the process of healing is effected.</cd> — <col><b>Plastic foods</b></col>. <i>(Physiol.)</i> <cd>See the second Note under <u>Food</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Plastic force</b></col>. <i>(Physiol.)</i> <cd>See under <u>Force</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Plastic operation</b></col>, <cd>an operation in plastic surgery.</cd> — <col><b>Plastic surgery</b></col>, <cd>that branch of surgery which is concerned with the repair or restoration of lost, injured, or deformed parts of the body.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Plas"tic*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Plastic</u>.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Plas"tic*al*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a plastic manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plas*tic"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>plasticit&eacute;</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The quality or state of being plastic.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Physiol.)</i> <def>Plastic force.</def> <i>Dunglison.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Plas"tid</hw> (?), <hw>Plas"tide</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;, &?;, a creator.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>A formative particle of albuminous matter; a monad; a cytode. See the Note under <u>Morphon</u>.</def> <i>Haeckel.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>One of the many minute granules found in the protoplasm of vegetable cells. They are divided by their colors into three classes, chloroplastids, chromoplastids, and leucoplastids.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Plas`ti*do*zo"a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, &?;, creator + &?; animal.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Protoza</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plas"ti*dule</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Dim. fr. <u>Plastid</u>.] <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>One of the small particles or organic molecules of protoplasm.</def> <i>Haeckel.</i></p>

<p><hw>Plas"tin</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; to form, mold.] <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>A substance associated with nuclein in cell nuclei, and by some considered as the fundamental substance of the nucleus.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plas*tog"ra*phy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;; &?; fored, molded + &?; to write.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The art of forming figures in any plastic material.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Imitation of handwriting; forgery.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plas"tron</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>plastron</i> breastplate, plastron, LL. <i>plastra</i> a thin plate of metal. See <u>Plaster</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A piece of leather stuffed or padded, worn by fencers to protect the breast.</def> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Anc. Armor)</i> <def>An iron breastplate, worn under the hauberk.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>The ventral shield or shell of tortoises and turtles. See <u>Testudinata</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>A trimming for the front of a woman's dress, made of a different material, and narrowing from the shoulders to the waist.</def></p>

<p><hw>-plas"ty</hw> (?). [Gr. &?; to mold, form.] <def>A combining form denoting <i>the act</i> or <i>process of forming</i>, <i>development</i>, <i>growth</i>; as, auto<i>plasty</i>, perineo<i>plasty</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plat</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Platted</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Platting</u>.] [See <u>Plait</u>.] <def>To form by interlaying interweaving; to braid; to plait.</def> "They had <i>platted</i> a crown of thorns." <i>Matt. xxvii. 29.</i></p>

<p><hw>Plat</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Work done by platting or braiding; a plait.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Her hair, nor loose, nor tied in formal <i>plat</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Plat</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. <u>Plat</u> flat, which perh. caused this spelling, and <u>Plot</u> a piece of ground.] <def>A small piece or plot of ground laid out with some design, or for a special use; usually, a portion of flat, even ground.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>This flowery <i>plat</i>, the sweet recess of Eve.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>I keep smooth <i>plat</i> of fruitful ground.</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Plat</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To lay out in plats or plots, as ground.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plat</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [F. <i>plat</i>. See <u>Plate</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <def>Plain; flat; level.</def> [Obs.] <i>Gower.</i></p>

<p><hw>Plat</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Plainly; flatly; downright.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>But, sir, ye lie, I tell you <i>plat</i>.</blockquote> <i>Rom. of R.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Flatly; smoothly; evenly.</def> [Obs.] <i>Drant.</i></p>

<p><hw>Plat</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The flat or broad side of a sword.</def> [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A plot; a plan; a design; a diagram; a map; a chart.</def> [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] "To note all the islands, and to set them down in <i>plat</i>." <i>Hakluyt.</i></p>

<p><hw>Plat"an</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>platanus</i>. See <u>Plane</u> the tree.] [Written also <i>platane</i>.] <def>The plane tree.</def> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Plat"a*nist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>platanista</i> a sort of fish, Gr. &?;: cf. F. <i>plataniste</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The soosoo.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Plat"a*nus</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Plane</u> the tree.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A genus of trees; the plane tree.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plat"band`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>plate- bande</i>; <i>plat</i>, <i>plate</i>, flat, level + <i>bande</i> a band.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A border of flowers in a garden, along a wall or a parterre; hence, a border.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Arch.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A flat molding, or group of moldings, the width of which much exceeds its projection, as the face of an architrave.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A list or fillet between the flutings of a column.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plate</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>plate</i> a plate of metal, a cuirsas, F. <i>plat</i> a plate, a shallow vessel of silver, other metal, or earth, fr. <i>plat</i> flat, Gr. &?;. See <u>Place</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A flat, or nearly flat, piece of metal, the thickness of which is small in comparison with the other dimensions; a thick sheet of metal; as, a steel <i>plate</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Metallic armor composed of broad pieces.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Mangled . . . through <i>plate</i> and mail.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Domestic vessels and utensils, as flagons, dishes, cups, etc., wrought in gold or silver.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Metallic ware which is plated, in distinction from that which is genuine silver or gold.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>A small, shallow, and usually circular, vessel of metal or wood, or of earth glazed and baked, from which food is eaten at table.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> [Cf. Sp. <i>plata</i> silver.] <def>A piece of money, usually silver money.</def> [Obs.] "Realms and islands were as <i>plates</i> dropp'd from his pocket." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <def>A piece of metal on which anything is engraved for the purpose of being printed; hence, an impression from the engraved metal; as, a book illustrated with <i>plates</i>; a fashion <i>plate</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>8.</b></sn> <def>A page of stereotype, electrotype, or the like, for printing from; as, publisher's <i>plates</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>9.</b></sn> <def>That part of an artificial set of teeth which fits to the mouth, and holds the teeth in place. It may be of gold, platinum, silver, rubber, celluloid, etc.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>10.</b></sn> <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>A horizontal timber laid upon a wall, or upon corbels projecting from a wall, and supporting the ends of other timbers; also used specifically of the <i>roof plate</i> which supports the ends of the roof trusses or, in simple work, the feet of the rafters.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>11.</b></sn> <i>(Her.)</i> <def>A roundel of silver or tinctured argent.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>12.</b></sn> <i>(Photog.)</i> <def>A sheet of glass, porcelain, metal, etc., with a coating that is sensitive to light.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>13.</b></sn> <def>A prize giving to the winner in a contest.</def></p>

<p>&fist; <i>Plate</i> is sometimes used in an adjectival sense or in combination, the phrase or compound being in most cases of obvious signification; as, <i>plate</i> basket or <i>plate</i>-basket, <i>plate</i> rack or <i>plate</i>-rack.</p>

<p><col><b>Home plate</b></col>. <i>(Baseball)</i> <cd>See <i>Home base</i>, under <u>Home</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Plate armor</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>See <u>Plate</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, 2.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>Strong metal plates for protecting war vessels, fortifications, and the like.</cd> — <col><b>Plate bone</b></col>, <cd>the shoulder blade, or scapula.</cd> — <col><b>Plate girder</b></col>, <cd>a girder, the web of which is formed of a single vertical plate, or of a series of such plates riveted together.</cd> — <col><b>Plate glass</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Glass</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Plate iron</b></col>, <cd>wrought iron plates.</cd> — <col><b>Plate layer</b></col>, <cd>a workman who lays down the rails of a railway and fixes them to the sleepers or ties.</cd> — <col><b>Plate mark</b></col>, <cd>a special mark or emblematic figure stamped upon gold or silver plate, to indicate the place of manufacture, the degree of purity, and the like; thus, the local mark for London is a lion.</cd> — <col><b>Plate paper</b></col>, <cd>a heavy spongy paper, for printing from engraved plates.</cd> <i>Fairholt.</i> — <col><b>Plate press</b></col>, <cd>a press with a flat carriage and a roller, — used for printing from engraved steel or copper plates.</cd> — <col><b>Plate printer</b></col>, <cd>one who prints from engraved plates.</cd> — <col><b>Plate printing</b></col>, <cd>the act or process of printing from an engraved plate or plates.</cd> — <col><b>Plate tracery</b></col>. <i>(Arch.)</i> <cd>See under <u>Tracery</u>.</cd> - - <col><b>Plate wheel</b></col> <i>(Mech.)</i>, <cd>a wheel, the rim and hub of which are connected by a continuous plate of metal, instead of by arms or spokes.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Plate</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Plated</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Plating</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To cover or overlay with gold, silver, or other metals, either by a mechanical process, as hammering, or by a chemical process, as electrotyping.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To cover or overlay with plates of metal; to arm with metal for defense.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Thus <i>plated</i> in habiliments of war.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To adorn with plated metal; as, a <i>plated</i> harness.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To beat into thin, flat pieces, or lamin&aelig;.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>To calender; as, to <i>plate</i> paper.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pla*teau"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> F. <plw><b>Plateaux</b></plw> (F. &?;; E. &?;), E. <plw><b>Plateaus</b></plw> (#). [F., fr. OF. <i>platel</i>, properly a little plate. See <u>Plate</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A flat surface; especially, a broad, level, elevated area of land; a table- land.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>An ornamental dish for the table; a tray or salver.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plate"ful</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Platefuls</b></plw> (&?;). <def>Enough to fill a plate; as much as a plate will hold.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plate"-gilled`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Having flat, or leaflike, gills, as the bivalve mollusks.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pla"tel</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. See <u>Plateau</u>.] <def>A small dish.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plat"en</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>platine</i>, fr. <i>plat</i> flat. See <u>Plate</u>, and cf. <u>Platin</u>.] <i>(Mach.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The part of a printing press which presses the paper against the type and by which the impression is made.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>Hence, an analogous part of a typewriter, on which the paper rests to receive an impression.</def> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <def>The movable table of a machine tool, as a planer, on which the work is fastened, and presented to the action of the tool; — also called <i>table</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plat"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who plates or coats articles with gold or silver; as, a silver <i>plater</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A machine for calendering paper.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plat`er*esque"</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Sp. <i>resco</i>, from <i>plata</i> silver.] <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>Resembling silver plate; — said of certain architectural ornaments.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plat"e*trope</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; breadth + &?; to turn.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>One of a pair of a paired organs.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plat"form`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Plat</i>, a. + <i>-form</i>: cf. F. <i>plateforme</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A plat; a plan; a sketch; a model; a pattern. Used also figuratively.</def> [Obs.] <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A place laid out after a model.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>lf the <i>platform</i> just reflects the order.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Any flat or horizontal surface; especially, one that is raised above some particular level, as a framework of timber or boards horizontally joined so as to form a roof, or a raised floor, or portion of a floor; a landing; a dais; a stage, for speakers, performers, or workmen; a standing place.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>A declaration of the principles upon which a person, a sect, or a party proposes to stand; a declared policy or system; as, the Saybrook <i>platform</i>; a political <i>platform</i>.</def> "The <i>platform</i> of Geneva." <i>Hooker.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>A light deck, usually placed in a section of the hold or over the floor of the magazine. See <u>Orlop</u>.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Platform car</b></col>, <cd>a railway car without permanent raised sides or covering; a f&?;at.</cd> — <col><b>Platform scale</b></col>, <cd>a weighing machine, with a flat platform on which objects are weighed.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Plat"form`</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To place on a platform.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To form a plan of; to model; to lay out.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Church discipline is <i>platformed</i> in the Bible.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Plat*hel"minth</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of the Platyelminthes.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Plat`hel*min"thes</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Platyelminthes</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plat"in</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Mach.)</i> <def>See <u>Platen</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plat"i*na</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Sp. or NL. See <u>Platinum</u>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Platinum.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Platina mohr</b></col>, <cd>platinum black.</cd> — <col><b>Platina yellow</b></col>, <cd>a pigment prepared from platinum.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Plat"ing</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The art or process of covering anything with a plate or plates, or with metal, particularly of overlaying a base or dull metal with a thin plate of precious or bright metal, as by mechanical means or by electro-magnetic deposition.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A thin coating of metal laid upon another metal.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A coating or defensive armor of metal (usually steel) plates.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pla*tin"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Of, pertaining to, or containing, platinum; — used specifically to designate those compounds in which the element has a higher valence, as contrasted with the <i>platinous</i> compounds; as, <i>platinic</i> chloride (PtCl<sub>4</sub>).</def></p>

<p><! p. 1097 !></p>

<p><hw>Plat`i*ni*chlo"ric</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Of, pertaining to, or designating, an acid consisting of platinic chloride and hydrochloric acid, and obtained as a brownish red crystalline substance, called <i>platinichloric</i>, or <i>chloroplatinic</i>, <i>acid</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plat`i*nif"er*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Platinum</i> + <i>-ferous</i>.] <def>Yielding platinum; as, <i>platiniferous</i> sand.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plat`i*ni*rid"i*um</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem. & Min.)</i> <def>A natural alloy of platinum and iridium occurring in grayish metallic rounded or cubical grains with platinum.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plat"i*nize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Platinized</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Platinizing</u> (?).] <def>To cover or combine with platinum.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plat`i*no*chlo"ric</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Pertaining to, derived from, or designating, an acid consisting of platinous chloride and hydrochloric acid, called <i>platinochloric, or chloroplatinous, acid</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plat`i*no*chlo"ride</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A double chloride of platinum and some other metal or radical; a salt of platinochloric acid.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plat`i*no*cy*an"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Pertaining to, derived from, or designating, an acid compound of platinous cyanide and hydrocyanic acid. It is obtained as a cinnaber-red crystalline substance.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plat`i*no*cy"a*nide</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A double cyanide of platinum and some other metal or radical; a salt of platinocyanic acid.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plat"i*node</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Platinum</i> + Gr. &?; a way.] <i>(Physics)</i> <def>A cathode.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Plat"i*noid</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Platinum</i> + <i>-oid</i>.] <def>Resembling platinum.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plat"i*noid</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>An alloy of German silver containing tungsten; — used for forming electrical resistance coils and standards.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plat"i*no*type</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Platinum</i> + <i>-type</i>.] <i>(Photog.)</i> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A permanent photographic picture or print in platinum black.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The process by which such pictures are produced.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plat"i*nous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Of, pertaining to, or containing, platinum; — used specifically to designate those compounds in which the element has a lower valence, as contrasted with the <i>platinic</i> compounds; as, <i>platinous</i> chloride (PtCl<sub>2</sub>).</def></p>

<p><hw>Plat"i*num</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Sp. <i>platina</i>, from <i>plata</i> silver, LL. <i>plata</i> a thin plate of metal. See <u>Plate</u>, and cf. <u>Platina</u>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A metallic element, intermediate in value between silver and gold, occurring native or alloyed with other metals, also as the platinum arsenide (sperrylite). It is heavy tin-white metal which is ductile and malleable, but very infusible, and characterized by its resistance to strong chemical reagents. It is used for crucibles, for stills for sulphuric acid, rarely for coin, and in the form of foil and wire for many purposes. Specific gravity 21.5. Atomic weight 194.3. Symbol Pt. Formerly called <i>platina</i>.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Platinum black</b></col> <i>(Chem.)</i>, <cd>a soft, dull black powder, consisting of finely divided metallic platinum obtained by reduction and precipitation from its solutions. It absorbs oxygen to a high degree, and is employed as an oxidizer.</cd> — <col><b>Platinum lamp</b></col> <i>(Elec.)</i>, <cd>a kind of incandescent lamp of which the luminous medium is platinum. See under <u>Incandescent</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Platinum metals</b></col> <i>(Chem.)</i>, <cd>the group of metallic elements which in their chemical and physical properties resemble platinum. These consist of the <i>light platinum group</i>, viz., rhodium, ruthenium, and palladium, whose specific gravities are about 12; and the <i>heavy platinum group</i>, viz., osmium, iridium, and platinum, whose specific gravities are over 21.</cd> — <col><b>Platinum sponge</b></col> <i>(Chem.)</i>, <cd>metallic platinum in a gray, porous, spongy form, obtained by reducing the double chloride of platinum and ammonium. It absorbs oxygen, hydrogen, and certain other gases, to a high degree, and is employed as an agent in oxidizing.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Plat"i*tude</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., from <i>plat</i> flat. See <u>Plate</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The quality or state of being flat, thin, or insipid; flat commonness; triteness; staleness of ideas of language.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>To hammer one golden grain of wit into a sheet of infinite <i>platitude</i>.</blockquote> <i>Motley.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A thought or remark which is flat, dull, trite, or weak; a truism; a commonplace.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plat`i*tu`di*na"ri*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One addicted to uttering platitudes, or stale and insipid truisms.</def> "A political <i>platitudinarian</i>." <i>G. Eliot.</i></p>

<p><hw>Plat`i*tu"di*nize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To utter platitudes or truisms.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plat`i*tu"di*nous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Abounding in platitudes; of the nature of platitudes; uttering platitudes.</def> — <wf>Plat`i*tu"di*nous*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Plat"ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Flatly. See <u>Plat</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos></def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Plat"ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Flatness.</def> [Obs.] <i>Palsgrave.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pla*tom"e*ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; flat + <i>-meter</i>.] <def>See <u>Planimeter</u>.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pla*ton"ic</hw> (?), <hw>Pla*ton"ic*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>Platonicus</i>, Gr. &?;: cf. F. <i>platonique</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Of or pertaining to Plato, or his philosophy, school, or opinions.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Pure, passionless; nonsexual; philosophical.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Platonic bodies</b></col>, <cd>the five regular geometrical solids; namely, the tetrahedron, hexahedron or cube, octahedron, dodecahedron, and icosahedron.</cd> — <col><b>Platonic love</b></col>, <cd>a pure, spiritual affection, subsisting between persons of opposite sex, unmixed with carnal desires, and regarding the mind only and its excellences; — a species of love for which Plato was a warm advocate.</cd> — <col><b>Platonic year</b></col> <i>(Astron.)</i>, <cd>a period of time determined by the revolution of the equinoxes, or the space of time in which the stars and constellations return to their former places in respect to the equinoxes; — called also <i>great year</i>. This revolution, which is caused by the precession of the equinoxes, is accomplished in about 26,000 years.</cd> <i>Barlow.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pla*ton"ic</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A follower of Plato; a Platonist.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pla*ton"ic*al*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a Platonic manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pla"to*nism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>Platonisme</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The doctrines or philosophy by Plato or of his followers.</def></p>

<p>&fist; Plato believed God to be an infinitely wise, just, and powerful Spirit; and also that he formed the visible universe out of pre&euml;xistent amorphous matter, according to perfect patterns of ideas eternally existent in his own mind. Philosophy he considered as being a knowledge of the true nature of things, as discoverable in those eternal ideas after which all things were fashioned. In other words, it is the knowledge of what is eternal, exists necessarily, and is unchangeable; not of the temporary, the dependent, and changeable; and of course it is not obtained through the senses; neither is it the product of the understanding, which concerns itself only with the variable and transitory; nor is it the result of experience and observation; but it is the product of our <i>reason</i>, which, as partaking of the divine nature, has innate ideas resembling the eternal ideas of God. By contemplating these innate ideas, reasoning about them, and comparing them with their copies in the visible universe, reason can attain that true knowledge of things which is called <i>philosophy</i>. Plato's professed followers, the Academics, and the New Platonists, differed considerably from him, yet are called <i>Platonists</i>. <i>Murdock.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>An elevated rational and ethical conception of the laws and forces of the universe; sometimes, imaginative or fantastic philosophical notions.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pla"to*nist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who adheres to the philosophy of Plato; a follower of Plato.</def> <i>Hammond.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pla"to*nize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Platonized</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Platonizing</u>.] <def>To adopt the opinion of Plato or his followers.</def> <i>Milner.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pla"to*nize</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To explain by, or accomodate to, the Platonic philosophy.</def> <i>Enfield.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pla"to*ni`zer</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who Platonizes.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pla*toon"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>peloton</i> a ball of thread, a knot or group of men, a platoon, from <i>pelote</i> a ball formed of things wound round. See <u>Pellet</u>.] <i>(Mil.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>Formerly, a body of men who fired together; also, a small square body of soldiers to strengthen the angles of a hollow square.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>Now, in the United States service, half of a company.</def></p>

<p><hw>Platt</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Mining)</i> <def>See <u>Lodge</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></def> <i>Raymond.</i></p>

<p><hw>Platt"deutsch`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The modern dialects spoken in the north of Germany, taken collectively; modern Low German. See <i>Low German</i>, under <u>German</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plat"ten</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [See <u>Plat</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <i>(Glass Making)</i> <def>To flatten and make into sheets or plates; as, to <i>platten</i> cylinder glass.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plat"ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From <u>Plat</u> to braid.] <def>One who plats or braids.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plat"ter</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Probably fr. OF. <i>platel</i>, F. <i>plateau</i>. See <u>Plateau</u>.] <def>A large plate or shallow dish on which meat or other food is brought to the table.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The attendants . . . speedly brought in several large, smoking <i>platters</i>, filled with huge pieces of beef.</blockquote> <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><hw>Plat"ter-faced`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having a broad, flat face.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plat"ting</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Plaited strips or bark, cane, straw, etc., used for making hats or the like.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plat"y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Like a plate; consisting of plates.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plat"y-</hw> (?). <def>A combining form from Gr. <grk>platy`s</grk> <i>broad</i>, <i>wide</i>, <i>flat</i>; as, <i>platy</i>pus, <i>platy</i>cephalous.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Plat`y*ce*phal"ic</hw> (?), <hw>Plat`y*ceph"a*lous</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Platy</i> + Gr. &?; head.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Broad-headed.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plat`yc*ne"mic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Platy</i> + Gr. &?; leg: cf. F. <i>platycn&eacute;mique</i>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Of, relating to, or characterized by, platycnemism.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pla*tyc"ne*mism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Lateral flattening of the tibia.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plat`y*c&oelig;"li*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Platy</i> + Gr. &?; hollow.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Flat at the anterior and concave at the posterior end; — said of the centra of the vertebr&aelig; of some extinct dinouaurs.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Plat`y*el*min"thes</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Platy-</u>, and <u>Helminthes</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A class of helminthes including the cestodes, or tapeworms, the trematodes, and the turbellarians. Called also <i>flatworms</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Plat`y*hel"mi*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Platyelminthes</u>.</def> [Written also <i>Platyelmia</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Pla*tym"e*ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Platy</i> + <i>-meter</i>.] <i>(Elec.)</i> <def>An apparatus for measuring the capacity of condensers, or the inductive capacity of dielectrics.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plat"y*pod</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Platy</i> + <i>- pod</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>An animal having broad feet, or a broad foot.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pla*typ"o*da</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Prosobranchiata</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pla*typ"te*ra</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?; broad + &?; a wing.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A division of Pseudoneuroptera including the species which have four broad, flat wings, as the termites, or white-ants, and the stone flies (<i>Perla</i>).</def></p>

<p><hw>Plat"y*pus</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?; + &?; foot.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The duck mole. See under <u>Duck</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plat"y*rhine</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Platy</i> + Gr. &?;, &?;, nose.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Having the nose broad; — opposed to <i>leptorhine</i>.</def> — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of the Platyrhini.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Plat`y*rhi"ni</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?; broad + &?;, &?;, nose.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A division of monkeys, including the American species, which have a broad nasal septum, thirty-six teeth, and usually a prehensile tail. See <u>Monkey</u>.</def> [Written also <i>Platyrrhini</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Plaud</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To applaud.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chapman.</i></p>

<p><hw>Plau"dit</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From L. <i>plaudite</i> do ye praise (which was said by players at the end of a performance), 2d pers. pl. imperative of <i>plaudere</i>. Cf. <u>Plausible</u>.] <def>A mark or expression of applause; praise bestowed.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Not in the shouts and <i>plaudits</i> of the throng.</blockquote> <i>Longfellow.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Acclamation; applause; encomium; commendation; approbation; approval.</p>

<p><hw>Plau"di*to*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Applauding; commending.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plau`si*bil"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>plausibilit&eacute;</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Something worthy of praise.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Integrity, fidelity, and other gracious <i>plausibilities</i>.</blockquote> <i>E. Vaughan.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The quality of being plausible; speciousness.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>To give any <i>plausibility</i> to a scheme.</blockquote> <i>De Quincey.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Anything plausible or specious.</def> <i>R. Browning.</i></p>

<p><hw>Plau"si*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>plausibilis</i> praiseworthy, from <i>plaudere</i>, <i>plausum</i>, to applaud, clap the hands, strike, beat.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Worthy of being applauded; praiseworthy; commendable; ready.</def> [Obs.] <i>Bp. Hacket.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Obtaining approbation; specifically pleasing; apparently right; specious; as, a <i>plausible</i> pretext; <i>plausible</i> manners; a <i>plausible</i> delusion.</def> "<i>Plausible</i> and popular arguments." <i>Clarendon.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Using specious arguments or discourse; as, a <i>plausible</i> speaker.</def></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — <u>Plausible</u>, <u>Specious</u>. <i>Plausible</i> denotes that which seems reasonable, yet leaves distrust in the judgment. <i>Specious</i> describes that which presents a fair appearance to the view and yet covers something false. <i>Specious</i> refers more definitely to the act or purpose of false representation; <i>plausible</i> has more reference to the effect on the beholder or hearer. An argument may by <i>specious</i> when it is not <i>plausible</i> because its sophistry is so easily discovered.</p>

<p><hw>Plau"si*ble*ize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To render plausible.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Plau"si*ble*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Quality of being plausible.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plau"si*bly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>In a plausible manner.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Contentedly, readily.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>The Romans <i>plausibly</i> did give consent.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Plau"sive</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>plaudere</i>, <i>plausum</i>, to applaud.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Applauding; manifesting praise.</def> <i>Young.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Plausible, specious.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Play</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Played</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Playing</u>.] [OE. <i>pleien</i>, AS. <i>plegian</i>, <i>plegan</i>, to play, akin to <i>plega</i> play, game, quick motion, and probably to OS. <i>plegan</i> to promise, pledge, D. <i>plegen</i> to care for, attend to, be wont, G. <i>pflegen</i>; of unknown origin. &radic;28. Cf. <u>Plight</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To engage in sport or lively recreation; to exercise for the sake of amusement; to frolic; to spot.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>As Cannace was <i>playing</i> in her walk.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The lamb thy riot dooms to bleed to-day,<BR> Had he thy reason, would he skip and <i>play</i>!</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>And some, the darlings of their Lord,<BR> <i>Play</i> smiling with the flame and sword.</blockquote> <i>Keble.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To act with levity or thoughtlessness; to trifle; to be careless.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>"Nay," quod this monk, "I have no lust to <i>pleye</i>."</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Men are apt to <i>play</i> with their healths.</blockquote> <i>Sir W. Temple.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To contend, or take part, in a game; as, to <i>play</i> ball; hence, to gamble; as, he <i>played</i> for heavy stakes.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To perform on an instrument of music; as, to <i>play</i> on a flute.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>One that . . . can <i>play</i> well on an instrument.</blockquote> <i>Ezek. xxxiii. 32.</i></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Play</i>, my friend, and charm the charmer.</blockquote> <i>Granville.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>To act; to behave; to practice deception.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>His mother <i>played</i> false with a smith.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>To move in any manner; especially, to move regularly with alternate or reciprocating motion; to operate; to act; as, the fountain <i>plays</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The heart beats, the blood circulates, the lungs <i>play</i>.</blockquote> <i>Cheyne.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <def>To move gayly; to wanton; to disport.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Even as the waving sedges <i>play</i> with wind.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The setting sun<BR> <i>Plays</i> on their shining arms and burnished helmets.</blockquote> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>All fame is foreign but of true desert,<BR> <i>Plays</i> round the head, but comes not to the heart.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>8.</b></sn> <def>To act on the stage; to personate a character.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A lord will hear your <i>play</i> to- night.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Courts are theaters where some men <i>play</i>.</blockquote> <i>Donne.</i></p>

<p><col><b>To play into a person's hands</b></col>, <cd>to act, or to manage matters, to his advantage or benefit.</cd> — <col><b>To play off</b></col>, <cd>to affect; to feign; to practice artifice.</cd> — <col><b>To play upon</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>To make sport of; to deceive.</cd></p>

<p><blockquote>Art thou alive?<BR> Or is it fantasy that <i>plays upon</i> our eyesight.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>To use in a droll manner; to give a droll expression or application to; as, <i>to play upon</i> words.</cd> </p>

<p><hw>Play</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To put in action or motion; as, to <i>play</i> cannon upon a fortification; to <i>play</i> a trump.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>First Peace and Silence all disputes control,<BR> Then Order <i>plays</i> the soul.</blockquote> <i>Herbert.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To perform music upon; as, to <i>play</i> the flute or the organ.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To perform, as a piece of music, on an instrument; as, to <i>play</i> a waltz on the violin.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To bring into sportive or wanton action; to exhibit in action; to execute; as, to <i>play</i> tricks.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Nature here<BR> Wantoned as in her prime, and <i>played</i> at will<BR> Her virgin fancies.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>To act or perform (a play); to represent in music action; as, to <i>play</i> a comedy; also, to act in the character of; to represent by acting; to simulate; to behave like; as, to <i>play</i> King Lear; to <i>play</i> the woman.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Thou canst <i>play</i> the rational if thou wilt.</blockquote> <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>To engage in, or go together with, as a contest for amusement or for a wager or prize; as, to <i>play</i> a game at baseball.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <def>To keep in play, as a hooked fish, in order to land it.</def></p>

<p><col><b>To play off</b></col>, <cd>to display; to show; to put in exercise; as, <i>to play off</i> tricks.</cd> — <col><b>To play one's cards</b></col>, <cd>to manage one's means or opportunities; to contrive.</cd> — <col><b>Played out</b></col>, <cd>tired out; exhausted; at the end of one's resources.</cd> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><hw>Play</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Amusement; sport; frolic; gambols.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Any exercise, or series of actions, intended for amusement or diversion; a game.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>John naturally loved rough <i>play</i>.</blockquote> <i>Arbuthnot.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>The act or practice of contending for victory, amusement, or a prize, as at dice, cards, or billiards; gaming; as, to lose a fortune in <i>play</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Action; use; employment; exercise; practice; as, fair <i>play</i>; sword <i>play</i>; a <i>play</i> of wit.</def> "The next who comes in <i>play</i>." <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>A dramatic composition; a comedy or tragedy; a composition in which characters are represented by dialogue and action.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A <i>play</i> ought to be a just image of human nature.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>The representation or exhibition of a comedy or tragedy; as, he attends ever <i>play</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <def>Performance on an instrument of music.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>8.</b></sn> <def>Motion; movement, regular or irregular; as, the <i>play</i> of a wheel or piston; hence, also, room for motion; free and easy action.</def> "To give them <i>play</i>, front and rear." <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The joints are let exactly into one another, that they have no <i>play</i> between them.</blockquote> <i>Moxon.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>9.</b></sn> <def>Hence, liberty of acting; room for enlargement or display; scope; as, to give full <i>play</i> to mirth.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Play actor</b></col>, <cd>an actor of dramas.</cd> <i>Prynne.</i> — <col><b>Play debt</b></col>, <cd>a gambling debt.</cd> <i>Arbuthnot.</i> — <col><b>Play pleasure</b></col>, <cd>idle amusement.</cd> [Obs.] <i>Bacon.</i> — <col><b>A play upon words</b></col>, <cd>the use of a word in such a way as to be capable of double meaning; punning.</cd> — <col><b>Play of colors</b></col>, <cd>prismatic variation of colors.</cd> — <col><b>To bring into play</b></col>, <col><b>To come into play</b></col>, <cd>to bring or come into use or exercise.</cd> — <col><b>To hold in play</b></col>, <cd>to keep occupied or employed.</cd> </p>

<p><blockquote>I, with two more to help me,<BR> Will <i>hold</i> the foe <i>in play</i>.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><! p. 1098 !></p>

<p><hw>||Pla"ya</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Sp.] <def>A beach; a strand; in the plains and deserts of Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona, a broad, level spot, on which subsequently becomes dry by evaporation.</def> <i>Bartlett.</i></p>

<p><hw>Play"bill`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A printed programme of a play, with the parts assigned to the actors.</def></p>

<p><hw>Play"book`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A book of dramatic compositions; a book of the play.</def> <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><hw>Play"day`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A day given to play or diversion; a holiday.</def> <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><hw>Play"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who plays, or amuses himself; one without serious aims; an idler; a trifler.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>One who plays any game.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A dramatic actor.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>One who plays on an instrument of music.</def> "A cunning <i>player</i> on a harp." <i>1 Sam. xvi. 16.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>A gamester; a gambler.</def></p>

<p><hw>Play"fel`low</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A companion in amusements or sports; a playmate.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Play"fere`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Play</i> + 1st <i>fere</i>.] <def>A playfellow.</def> [Obs.] [Also, <i>playfeer</i>, <i>playphere</i>.] <i>Holinsheld.</i></p>

<p><hw>Play"ful</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Sportive; gamboling; frolicsome; indulging a sportive fancy; humorous; merry; as, a <i>playful</i> child; a <i>playful</i> writer.</def> — <wf>Play"ful*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Play"ful*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Play"game`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Play of children.</def> <i>Locke.</i></p>

<p><hw>Play"go`er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who frequents playhouses, or attends dramatic performances.</def></p>

<p><hw>Play"go`ing</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Frequenting playhouses; as, the <i>playgoing</i> public.</def> — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The practice of going to plays.</def></p>

<p><hw>Play"ground`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A piece of ground used for recreation; as, the <i>playground</i> of a school.</def></p>

<p><hw>Play"house`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>plegh&umacr;s</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A building used for dramatic exhibitions; a theater.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A house for children to play in; a toyhouse.</def></p>

<p><hw>Play"ing</hw>, <def><pos><i>a. & vb. n.</i></pos> of <u>Play</u>.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Playing cards</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Card</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Play"mak`er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A playwright.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Play"mate`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A companion in diversions; a playfellow.</def></p>

<p><hw>Play"some</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Playful; wanton; sportive.</def> [R.] <i>R. Browning.</i> — <wf>Play"some*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Playte</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>See <u>Pleyt</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Play"thing`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A thing to play with; a toy; anything that serves to amuse.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A child knows his nurse, and by degrees the <i>playthings</i> of a little more advanced age.</blockquote> <i>Locke.</i></p>

<p><hw>Play"time`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Time for play or diversion.</def></p>

<p><hw>Play"wright`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A maker or adapter of plays.</def></p>

<p><hw>Play"writ`er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A writer of plays; a dramatist; a playwright.</def> <i>Lecky.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Pla"za</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Sp. See <u>Place</u>.] <def>A public square in a city or town.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plea</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>plee</i>, <i>plai</i>, <i>plait</i>, fr. OF. <i>plait</i>, <i>plaid</i>, <i>plet</i>, LL. <i>placitum</i> judgment, decision, assembly, court, fr. L. <i>placitum</i> that which is pleasing, an opinion, sentiment, from <i>placere</i> to please. See <u>Please</u>, and cf. <u>Placit</u>, <u>Plead</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Law)</i> <def>That which is alleged by a party in support of his cause; in a stricter sense, an allegation of fact in a cause, as distinguished from a <i>demurrer</i>; in a still more limited sense, and in modern practice, the defendant's answer to the plaintiff's declaration and demand. That which the plaintiff alleges in his declaration is answered and repelled or justified by the defendant's <i>plea</i>. In chancery practice, a <i>plea</i> is a special answer showing or relying upon one or more things as a cause why the suit should be either dismissed, delayed, or barred. In criminal practice, the <i>plea</i> is the defendant's formal answer to the indictment or information presented against him.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Law)</i> <def>A cause in court; a lawsuit; as, the Court of Common <i>Pleas</i>. See under <u>Common</u>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The Supreme Judicial Court shall have cognizance of <i>pleas</i> real, personal, and mixed.</blockquote> <i>Laws of Massachusetts.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>That which is alleged or pleaded, in defense or in justification; an excuse; an apology.</def> "Necessity, the tyrant's <i>plea</i>." <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>No <i>plea</i> must serve; 't is cruelty to spare.</blockquote> <i>Denham.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>An urgent prayer or entreaty.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Pleas of the crown</b></col> <i>(Eng. Law)</i>, <cd>criminal actions.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pleach</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Pleached</u> (&?;); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Pleaching</u>.] [Cf. OF. <i>plaissier</i> to bend, and also F. <i>plisser</i> to plait, L. <i>plicare</i>, <i>plicitum</i>, to fold, lay, or wind together. Cf. <u>Plash</u> to pleach.] <def>To unite by interweaving, as branches of trees; to plash; to interlock.</def> "The <i>pleached</i> bower." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Plead</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Pleaded</u> (colloq. <u>Plead</u> (?) or <u>Pled</u>); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Pleading</u>.] [OE. <i>pleden</i>, <i>plaiden</i>, OF. plaidier, F. <i>plaider</i>, fr. LL. <i>placitare</i>, fr. <i>placitum</i>. See <u>Plea</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To argue in support of a claim, or in defense against the claim of another; to urge reasons for or against a thing; to attempt to persuade one by argument or supplication; to speak by way of persuasion; as, to <i>plead</i> for the life of a criminal; to <i>plead</i> with a judge or with a father.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>O that one might <i>plead</i> for a man with God, as a man <i>pleadeth</i> for his neighbor!</blockquote> <i>Job xvi. 21.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Law)</i> <def>To present an answer, by allegation of fact, to the declaration of a plaintiff; to deny the plaintiff's declaration and demand, or to allege facts which show that ought not to recover in the suit; in a less strict sense, to make an allegation of fact in a cause; to carry on the allegations of the respective parties in a cause; to carry on a suit or plea.</def> <i>Blackstone. Burrill. Stephen.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To contend; to struggle.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Plead</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To discuss, defend, and attempt to maintain by arguments or reasons presented to a tribunal or person having uthority to determine; to argue at the bar; as, to <i>plead</i> a cause before a court or jury.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Every man should <i>plead</i> his own matter.</blockquote> <i>Sir T. More.</i></p>

<p>&fist; In this sense, <i>argue</i> is more generally used by lawyers.</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To allege or cite in a legal plea or defense, or for repelling a demand in law; to answer to an indictment; as, to <i>plead</i> usury; to <i>plead</i> statute of limitations; to <i>plead</i> not guilty.</def> <i>Kent.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To allege or adduce in proof, support, or vendication; to offer in excuse; as, the law of nations may be <i>pleaded</i> in favor of the rights of ambassadors.</def> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>I will neither <i>plead</i> my age nor sickness, in excuse of faults.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Plead"a*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Capable of being pleaded; capable of being alleged in proof, defense, or vindication; as, a right or privilege <i>pleadable</i> at law.</def> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Plead"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>plaideur</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who pleads; one who argues for or against; an advotate.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>So fair a <i>pleader</i> any cause may gain.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Law)</i> <def>One who draws up or forms pleas; the draughtsman of pleas or pleadings in the widest sense; as, a special <i>pleader</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plead"ing</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The act of advocating, defending, or supporting, a cause by arguments.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plead"ing*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a pleading manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plead"ings</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> <i>(Law)</i> <def>The mutual pleas and replies of the plaintiff and defendant, or written statements of the parties in support of their claims, proceeding from the declaration of the plaintiff, until issue is joined, and the question made to rest on some single point.</def> <i>Blackstone.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pleas"ance</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>plaisance</i>. See <u>Please</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Pleasure; merriment; gayety; delight; kindness.</def> [Archaic] <i>Shak.</i> "Full great <i>pleasance</i>." <i>Chaucer.</i> "A realm of <i>pleasance</i>." <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A secluded part of a garden.</def> [Archaic]</p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>pleasances</i> of old Elizabethan houses.</blockquote> <i>Ruskin.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pleas"ant</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [F. <i>plaisant</i>. See <u>Please</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Pleasing; grateful to the mind or to the senses; agreeable; as, a <i>pleasant</i> journey; <i>pleasant</i> weather.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Behold, how good and <i>pleasant</i> it is for brethren to dwell together in unity!</blockquote> <i>Ps. cxxxiii. 1.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Cheerful; enlivening; gay; sprightly; humorous; sportive; as, <i>pleasant</i> company; a <i>pleasant</i> fellow.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>From grave to light, from <i>pleasant</i> to serve.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Pleasing; gratifying; agreeable; cheerful; good- humored; enlivening; gay; lively; merry; sportive; humorous; jocose; amusing; witty. — <u>Pleasant</u>, <u>Pleasing</u>, <u>Agreeable</u>. <i>Agreeable</i> is applied to that which agrees with, or is in harmony with, one's tastes, character, etc. <i>Pleasant</i> and <i>pleasing</i> denote a stronger degree of the agreeable. <i>Pleasant</i> refers rather to the state or condition; <i>pleasing</i>, to the act or effect. Where they are applied to the same object, <i>pleasing</i> is more energetic than <i>pleasant</i>; as, she is always <i>pleasant</i> and always <i>pleasing</i>. The distinction, however, is not radical and not rightly observed.</p>

<p><hw>Pleas"ant</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A wit; a humorist; a buffoon.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Pleas"ant*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a pleasant manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pleas"ant*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The state or quality of being pleasant.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pleas"ant*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Pleasantries</b></plw> (#). [F. <i>plaisanterie</i>. See <u>Pleasant</u>.] <def>That which denotes or promotes pleasure or good humor; cheerfulness; gayety; merriment; especially, an agreeable playfulness in conversation; a jocose or humorous remark; badinage.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The grave abound in <i>pleasantries</i>, the dull in repartees and points of wit.</blockquote> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The keen observation and ironical <i>pleasantry</i> of a finished man of the world.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pleas"ant-tongued`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of pleasing speech.</def></p>

<p><hw>Please</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Pleased</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Pleasing</u>.] [OE. <i>plesen</i>, OF. <i>plaisir</i>, fr. L. <i>placere</i>, akin to <i>placare</i> to reconcile. Cf. <u>Complacent</u>, <u>Placable</u>, <u>Placid</u>, <u>Plea</u>, <u>Plead</u>, <u>Pleasure</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To give pleasure to; to excite agreeable sensations or emotions in; to make glad; to gratify; to content; to satisfy.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I pray to God that it may <i>plesen</i> you.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>What next I bring shall <i>please</i> thee, be assured.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To have or take pleasure in; hence, to choose; to wish; to desire; to will.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Whatsoever the Lord <i>pleased</i>, that did he.</blockquote> <i>Ps. cxxxv. 6.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>A man doing as he wills, and doing as he <i>pleases</i>, are the same things in common speech.</blockquote> <i>J. Edwards.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To be the will or pleasure of; to seem good to; — used impersonally.</def> "It <i>pleased</i> the Father that in him should all fullness dwell." <i>Col. i. 19.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>To-morrow, may it <i>please</i> you.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><col><b>To be pleased in</b></col> or <col><b>with</b></col>, <cd>to have complacency in; to take pleasure in.</cd> — <col><b>To be pleased to do a thing</b></col>, <cd>to take pleasure in doing it; to have the will to do it; to think proper to do it.</cd> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Please</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To afford or impart pleasure; to excite agreeable emotions.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>What <i>pleasing</i> scemed, for her now <i>pleases</i> more.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>For we that live to <i>please</i>, must <i>please</i> to live.</blockquote> <i>Johnson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To have pleasure; to be willing, as a matter of affording pleasure or showing favor; to vouchsafe; to consent.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Heavenly stranger, <i>please</i> to taste<BR> These bounties.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>That he would <i>please</i> 8give me my liberty.</blockquote> <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pleased</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Experiencing pleasure.</def> — <wf>Pleas"ed*ly</wf> (#), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Pleas"ed*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Please"man</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>An officious person who courts favor servilely; a pickthank.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pleas"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who pleases or gratifies.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pleas"ing</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Giving pleasure or satisfaction; causing agreeable emotion; agreeable; delightful; as, a <i>pleasing</i> prospect; <i>pleasing</i> manners.</def> "<i>Pleasing</i> harmony." <i>Shak.</i> "<i>Pleasing</i> features." <i>Macaulay.</i> — <wf>Pleas"ing*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Pleas"ing*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Gratifying; delightful; agreeable. See <u>Pleasant</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Pleas"ing</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>An object of pleasure.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pleas"ur*a*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Capable of affording pleasure or satisfaction; gratifying; abounding in pleasantness or pleasantry.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Planting of orchards is very . . . <i>pleasurable</i>.</blockquote> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>O, sir, you are very <i>pleasurable</i>.</blockquote> <i>B. Jonson.</i></p>

<p>— <wf>Pleas"ur*a*ble*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> — <wf>Pleas"ur*a*bly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Pleas"ure</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>plaisir</i>, originally an infinitive. See <u>Please</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The gratification of the senses or of the mind; agreeable sensations or emotions; the excitement, relish, or happiness produced by the expectation or the enjoyment of something good, delightful, or satisfying; — opposed to <i>pain</i>, <i>sorrow</i>, etc.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>At thy right hand there are <i>pleasures</i> for evermore.</blockquote> <i>Ps. xvi. 11.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Amusement; sport; diversion; self- indulgence; frivolous or dissipating enjoyment; hence, sensual gratification; — opposed to <i>labor</i>, <i>service</i>, <i>duty</i>, <i>self-denial</i>, etc.</def> "Not sunk in carnal <i>pleasure</i>." <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>He that loveth <i>pleasure</i> shall be a poor man.</blockquote> <i>Prov. xxi. 17.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Lovers of <i>pleasures</i> more than lovers of God.</blockquote> <i>2 Tim. iii. 4.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>What the will dictates or prefers as gratifying or satisfying; hence, will; choice; wish; purpose.</def> "He will do his <i>pleasure</i> on Babylon." <i>Isa. xlviii. 14.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Use your <i>pleasure</i>; if your love do not presuade you to come, let not my letter.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>That which pleases; a favor; a gratification.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Festus, willing to do the Jews a <i>pleasure</i></blockquote> <i>Acts xxv. 9.</i></p>

<p><col><b>At pleasure</b></col>, <cd>by arbitrary will or choice.</cd> <i>Dryden.</i> — <col><b>To take pleasure in</b></col>, <cd>to have enjoyment in.</cd> <i>Ps. cxlvii. 11.</i></p>

<p>&fist; <i>Pleasure</i> is used adjectively, or in the formation of self-explaining compounds; as, <i>pleasure</i> boat, <i>pleasure</i> ground; <i>pleasure</i> house, etc.</p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Enjoyment; gratification; satisfaction; comfort; solace; joy; gladness; delight; will; choice; preference; purpose; command; favor; kindness.</p>

<p><hw>Pleas"ure</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Pleasured</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Pleasuring</u>.] <def>To give or afford pleasure to; to please; to gratify.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>[Rolled] his hoop to <i>pleasure</i> Edith.</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pleas"ure</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To take pleasure; to seek pursue pleasure; as, to go <i>pleasuring</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pleas"ure*ful</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Affording pleasure.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Pleas"ure*less</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Devoid of pleasure.</def> <i>G. Eliot.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pleas"ur*er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A pleasure seeker.</def> <i>Dickens.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pleas"ur*ist</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A person devoted to worldly pleasure.</def> [R.] <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pleat</hw> (pl&emacr;t), <pos><i>n. & v. t.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Plait</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plebe</hw> (pl&emacr;b), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>pl&egrave;be</i>, fr. L. <i>plebs</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The common people; the mob.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>plebe</i> with thirst and fury prest.</blockquote> <i>Sylvester.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> [Cf. <u>Plebeian</u>.] <def>A member of the lowest class in the military academy at West Point.</def> [Cant, U.S.]</p>

<p><hw>Ple*be"ian</hw> (pl&esl;*b&emacr;"y<i>a</i>n), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>plebeius</i>, from <i>plebs</i>, <i>plebis</i>, the common people: cf. F. <i>pl&eacute;b&eacute;ien</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Of or pertaining to the Roman <i>plebs</i>, or common people.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Of or pertaining to the common people; vulgar; common; as, <i>plebeian</i> sports; a <i>plebeian</i> throng.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ple*be"ian</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One of the <i>plebs</i>, or common people of ancient Rome, in distinction from <i>patrician</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>One of the common people, or lower rank of men.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ple*be"iance</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Plebeianism.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Plebeians, collectively.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Ple*be"ian*ism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>pl&eacute;b&eacute;ianisme</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The quality or state of being plebeian.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The conduct or manners of plebeians; vulgarity.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ple*be"ian*ize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Plebeianized</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Plebeianizing</u>.] <def>To render plebeian, common, or vulgar.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ple*bic"o*list</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>plebs</i> the common people + <i>colere</i> to cultivate.] <def>One who flatters, or courts the favor of, the common people; a demagogue.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Pleb`i*fi*ca"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>plebs</i> the common people + <i>-ficare</i> (in comp.) to make. See <u>-fy</u>.] <def>A rendering plebeian; the act of vulgarizing.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>You begin with the attempt to popularize learning . . . but you will end in the <i>plebification</i> of knowledge.</blockquote> <i>Coleridge.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ple*bis"ci*ta*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to plebiscite.</def> <i>The Century.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pleb"i*scite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>pl&eacute;biscite</i>, fr. L. <i>plebiscitum</i>.] <def>A vote by universal male suffrage; especially, in France, a popular vote, as first sanctioned by the National Constitution of 1791.</def> [Written also <i>plebiscit</i>.]</p>

<p><blockquote><i>Plebiscite</i> we have lately taken, in popular use, from the French.</blockquote> <i>Fitzed. Hall.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Ple`bis*ci"tum</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., fr. <i>plebs</i>, <i>plebis</i>, common people + <i>scitum</i> decree.] <i>(Rom. Antiq.)</i> <def>A law enacted by the common people, under the superintendence of a tribune or some subordinate plebeian magistrate, without the intervention of the senate.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plec"tile</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>plectilis</i>.] <def>Woven; plaited.</def> [Obs.] <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><! p. 1099 !></p>

<p><hw>Plec"tog*nath</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to the Plectognathi.</def> - - <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One of the Plectognathi.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Plec*to"gna*thi</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., from Gr. &?; twisted (fr. &?; to plait, twist) + &?; jaw.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>An order of fishes generally having the maxillary bone united with the premaxillary, and the articular united with the dentary.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The upper jaw is immovably joined to the skull; the ventral fins are rudimentary or wanting; and the body is covered with bony plates, spines, or small rough ossicles, like shagreen. The order includes the diodons, filefishes, globefishes, and trunkfishes.</p>

<p>{ <hw>Plec`tog*nath"ic</hw> (?), <hw>Plec-tog"na*thous</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to the Plectognathi.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Plec`to*spon"dy*li</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?; plaited + &?;, &?;, a vertebra.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>An extensive suborder of fresh-water physostomous fishes having the anterior vertebr&aelig; united and much modified; the Eventognathi.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plec`to*spon"dy*lous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to the Plectospondyli.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Plec"trum</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> L. <plw><b>Plectra</b></plw> (#), E. Plectrums (#). [L., fr. Gr. &?; anything to strike with, fr.&?; to strike.] <def>A small instrument of ivory, wood, metal, or quill, used in playing upon the lyre and other stringed instruments.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pled</hw> (?), <def><pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> of <u>Plead</u></def> [Colloq.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pledge</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>plege</i>, <i>pleige</i>, pledge, guaranty, LL. <i>plegium</i>, <i>plivium</i>; akin to OF. <i>plevir</i> to bail, guaranty, perhaps fr. L. <i>praebere</i> to proffer, offer (<i>sc.</i> <i>fidem</i> a trust, a promise of security), but cf. also E. <i>play</i>. &radic;28. Cf. <u>Prebend</u>, <u>Replevin</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Law)</i> <def>The transfer of possession of personal property from a debtor to a creditor as security for a debt or engagement; also, the contract created between the debtor and creditor by a thing being so delivered or deposited, forming a species of bailment; also, that which is so delivered or deposited; something put in pawn.</def></p>

<p>&fist; <i>Pledge</i> is ordinarily confined to personal property; the title or ownership does not pass by it; possession is essential to it. In all these points it differs from a mortgage [see <u>Mortgage</u>]; and in the last, from the <i>hypotheca</i> of the Roman law. See <u>Hypotheca</u>. <i>Story. Kent.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Old Eng. Law)</i> <def>A person who undertook, or became responsible, for another; a bail; a surety; a hostage.</def> "I am Grumio's <i>pledge</i>." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A hypothecation without transfer of possession.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Anything given or considered as a security for the performance of an act; a guarantee; as, mutual interest is the best <i>pledge</i> for the performance of treaties.</def> "That voice, their liveliest <i>pledge</i> of hope." <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>A promise or agreement by which one binds one's self to do, or to refrain from doing, something; especially, a solemn promise in writing to refrain from using intoxicating liquors or the like; as, to sign the <i>pledge</i>; the mayor had made no <i>pledges</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>A sentiment to which assent is given by drinking one's health; a toast; a health.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Dead pledge</b></col>. [A translation of <u>LL</u>. <i>mortuum vadium</i>.] <i>(Law)</i> <cd>A mortgage. See <u>Mortgage</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Living pledge</b></col>. [A translation of LL. <i>vivum vadium</i>.] <i>(Law)</i> <cd>The conveyance of an estate to another for money borrowed, to be held by him until the debt is paid out of the rents and profits.</cd> — <col><b>To hold in pledge</b></col>, <cd>to keep as security.</cd> — <col><b>To put in pledge</b></col>, <cd>to pawn; to give as security.</cd></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — See <u>Earnest</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Pledge</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Pledged</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Pledging</u>.] [Cf. OF. <i>pleiger</i> to give security. See <u>Pledge</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To deposit, as a chattel, in pledge or pawn; to leave in possession of another as security; as, <i>to pledge</i> one's watch.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To give or pass as a security; to guarantee; to engage; to plight; as, to <i>pledge</i> one's word and honor.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>We mutually <i>pledge</i> to each other our lives, our fortunes, and our sacred honor.</blockquote> <i>The Declaration of Independence.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To secure performance of, as by a pledge.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>To <i>pledge</i> my vow, I give my hand.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To bind or engage by promise or declaration; to engage solemnly; as, to <i>pledge</i> one's self.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>To invite another to drink, by drinking of the cup first, and then handing it to him, as a pledge of good will; hence, to drink the health of; to toast.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Pledge</i> me, my friend, and drink till thou be'st wise.</blockquote> <i>Cowley.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pledg*ee"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The one to whom a pledge is given, or to whom property pledged is delivered.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pledge"less</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having no pledge.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pledge*or"</hw>, <hw>Pledg*or"</hw> } (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Law)</i> <def>One who pledges, or delivers anything in pledge; a pledger; — opposed to <i>pledgee</i>.</def></p>

<p>&fist; This word analogically requires the <i>e</i> after <i>g</i>, but the spelling <i>pledgor</i> is perhaps commoner.</p>

<p><hw>Pledg"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who pledges.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pledg"er*y</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. OF. <i>pleigerie</i>.] <def>A pledging; suretyship.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Pledg"et</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Prov. E., a small plug.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A small plug.</def> [Prov. End.]</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>A string of oakum used in calking.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>A compress, or small flat tent of lint, laid over a wound, ulcer, or the like, to exclude air, retain dressings, or absorb the matter discharged.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Ple*gep"o*da</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., from Gr. (&?;) a stroke + <i>-poda</i>. In allusion to the rapid strokes of the vibrating cilia.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Infusoria</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ple"iad</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One of the Pleiades.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ple"ia*des</hw> (?; 277), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [L., fr. Gr. (&?;)] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Myth.)</i> <def>The seven daughters of Atlas and the nymph Pleione, fabled to have been made by Jupiter a constellation in the sky.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Astron.)</i> <def>A group of small stars in the neck of the constellation Taurus.</def> <i>Job xxxviii. 31.</i></p>

<p>&fist; Alcyone, the brightest of these, a star of the third magnitude, was considered by M&auml;dler the central point around which our universe is revolving, but there is no sufficient evidence of such motion. Only six pleiads are distinctly visible to the naked eye, whence the ancients supposed that a sister had concealed herself out of shame for having loved a mortal, Sisyphus.</p>

<p><hw>Plein</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Plan.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Plein</hw>, <pos><i>v. i. & t.</i></pos> <def>To complain. See <u>Plain</u>.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Plein</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [OF. & F., fr. L. <i>plenus</i>.] <def>Full; complete.</def> [Obs.] "<i>Plein</i> remission." <i>Chaucer.</i> — <wf>Plein"ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Plei"o*cene</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Geol.)</i> <def>See <u>Pliocene</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plei*oph"yl*lous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; more + &?; leaf.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Having several leaves; — used especially when several leaves or leaflets appear where normally there should be only one.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Plei`o*sau"rus</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL.] <i>(Paleon.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Pliosaurus</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pleis"to*cene</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; most + &?; new.] <i>(Geol.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to the epoch, or the deposits, following the Tertiary, and immediately preceding man.</def> — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The Pleistocene epoch, or deposits.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ple"nal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>plenus</i> full. Cf. <u>Plenary</u>.] <def>Full; complete; as, a <i>plenal</i> view or act.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Ple"na*ri*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a plenary manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ple"na*ri*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Quality or state of being plenary.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plen"ar*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The state of a benefice when occupied.</def> <i>Blackstone.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ple"na*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [LL. <i>plenarius</i>, fr. L. <i>plenus</i> full. See <u>Plenty</u>.] <def>Full; entire; complete; absolute; as, a <i>plenary</i> license; <i>plenary</i> authority.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A treatise on a subject should be <i>plenary</i> or full.</blockquote> <i>I. Watts.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Plenary indulgence</b></col> <i>(R. C. Ch.)</i>, <cd>an entire remission of temporal punishment due to, or canonical penance for, all sins.</cd> — <col><b>Plenary inspiration</b></col>. <i>(Theol.)</i> <cd>See under <u>Inspiration</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Ple"na*ry</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Law)</i> <def>Decisive procedure.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Plene</hw> (?), <pos><i>&aelig;.</i></pos> [L. <i>plenus</i> full.] <def>Full; complete; plenary.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Ple"ni*corn</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>plenus</i> full + <i>cornu</i> horn.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A ruminant having solid horns or antlers, as the deer.</def> <i>Brande & C.</i></p>

<p><hw>Plen`i*lu"na*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to the full moon.</def> [Obs.] <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Plen"i*lune</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>plenilunium</i>; <i>plenus</i> full + <i>luna</i> the moon.] <def>The full moon.</def> [Obs.] <i>B. Jonson.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Ple*nip"o*tence</hw> (?), <hw>Ple*nip"o*ten*cy</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality or state of being plenipotent.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Ple*nip"o*tent</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>plenus</i> full + <i>potens</i>, <i>-entis</i>, potent.] <def>Possessing full power.</def> [R.] <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Plen`i*po*ten"ti*a*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Plenipotentiaries</b></plw> (#). [LL. <i>plenipotentiarius</i>: cf. F. <i>pl&eacute;nipotentiaire</i>.] <def>A person invested with full power to transact any business; especially, an ambassador or envoy to a foreign court, with full power to negotiate a treaty, or to transact other business.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plen`i*po*ten"ti*a*ry</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Containing or conferring full power; invested with full power; as, <i>plenipotentiary</i> license; <i>plenipotentiary</i> ministers.</def> <i>Howell.</i></p>

<p><hw>Plen"ish</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [See <u>Replenish</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To replenish.</def> [Obs.] <i>T. Reeve.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To furnish; to stock, as a house or farm.</def> [Scot.]</p>

<p><hw>Plen"ish*ing</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Household furniture; stock.</def> [Scot.]</p>

<p><hw>Ple"nist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>plenus</i> full; cf. F. <i>pl&eacute;niste</i>.] <def>One who holds that all space is full of matter.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plen"i*tude</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>plenitudo</i>, fr. <i>plenus</i> full; cf. F. <i>plenitude</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The quality or state of being full or complete; fullness; completeness; abundance; as, the <i>plenitude</i> of space or power.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Animal fullness; repletion; plethora.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Plen`i*tu`di*na"ri*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A plenist.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plen`i*tu"di*na*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having plenitude; full; complete; thorough.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Plen"te*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [From <u>Plenty</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Containing plenty; abundant; copious; plentiful; sufficient for every purpose; as, a <i>plenteous</i> supply.</def> "Reaping <i>plenteous</i> crop." <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Yielding abundance; productive; fruitful.</def> "The seven <i>plenteous</i> years." <i>Gen. xli. 34.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Having plenty; abounding; rich.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The Lord shall make thee <i>plenteous</i> in goods.</blockquote> <i>Deut. xxviii. 11.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Plentiful; copious; full. <u>See Ample</u>.</p>

<p>— <wf>Plen"te*ous*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Plen"te*ous*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Plen"te*vous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Plenteous.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Plen"ti*ful</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Containing plenty; copious; abundant; ample; as, a <i>plentiful</i> harvest; a <i>plentiful</i> supply of water.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Yielding abundance; prolific; fruitful.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>If it be a long winter, it is commonly a more <i>plentiful</i> year.</blockquote> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Lavish; profuse; prodigal.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>He that is <i>plentiful</i> in expenses will hardly be preserved from</blockquote> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p>— <wf>Plen"ti*ful*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Plen"ti*ful*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Plen"ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Plenties</b></plw> (#), in <i>Shak.</i> [OE. <i>plentee</i>, <i>plente</i>, OF. <i>plent&eacute;</i>, fr. L. <i>plenitas</i>, fr. <i>plenus</i> full. See <u>Full</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>, and cf. <u>Complete</u>.] <def>Full or adequate supply; enough and to spare; sufficiency; specifically, abundant productiveness of the earth; ample supply for human wants; abundance; copiousness.</def> "<i>Plenty</i> of corn and wine." <i>Gen. xxvii. 28.</i> "Promises Britain peace and <i>plenty</i>." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Houses of office stuffed with <i>plentee</i>.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The teeming clouds Descend in gladsome <i>plenty</i> o'er the world.</blockquote> <i>Thomson.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Abundance; exuberance. See <u>Abundance</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Plen"ty</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Plentiful; abundant.</def> [Obs. or Colloq.]</p>

<p><blockquote>If reasons were as <i>plenty</i> as blackberries.</blockquote> <i>Shak. (Folio ed.)</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Those countries where shrubs are <i>plenty</i>.</blockquote> <i>Goldsmith.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Ple"num</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., fr. <i>plenus</i> full.] <def>That state in which every part of space is supposed to be full of matter; — opposed to <i>vacuum</i>.</def> <i>G. Francis.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ple`o*chro"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having the property of pleochroism.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ple*och"ro*ism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr.&?; mor&?; + &?; color.] <i>(Crystallog.)</i> <def>The property possessed by some crystals, of showing different colors when viewed in the direction of different axes.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ple*och`ro*mat"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pleochroic.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ple`o*chro"ma*tism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Pleochroism.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ple*och"ro*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pleochroic.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ple`o*mor"phic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pertaining to pleomorphism; as, the <i>pleomorphic</i> character of bacteria.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ple`o*mor"phism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; more + &?; form.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Crystallog.)</i> <def>The property of crystallizing under two or more distinct fundamental forms, including <i>dimorphism</i> and <i>trimorphism</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>The theory that the various genera of bacteria are phases or variations of growth of a number of Protean species, each of which may exhibit, according to undetermined conditions, all or some of the forms characteristic of the different genera and species.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ple`o*mor"phous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having the property of pleomorphism.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ple"o*nasm</hw>, (&?;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>pleonasmus</i>, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to be more than enough, to abound, fr.&?;, neut. of &?;, more, compar. of &?; much. See <u>Full</u>, a., and cf. <u>Poly-</u>, <u>Plus</u>.] <i>(Rhet.)</i> <def>Redundancy of language in speaking or writing; the use of more words than are necessary to express the idea; as, I saw it <i>with my own eyes</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ple"o*nast</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who is addicted to pleonasm.</def> [R.] <i>C. Reade.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ple"o*naste</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr.&?; abundant, rich; cf. F. <i>pl</i>&eacute;<i>onaste</i>.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>A black variety of spinel.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Ple`o*nas"tic</hw> (?), <hw>Ple`o*nas"tic*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>pl&eacute;onastique</i>.] <def>Of or pertaining to pleonasm; of the nature of pleonasm; redundant.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ple`o*nas"tic*al*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a pleonastic manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ple"o*pod</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> E. <plw><b>Pleopods</b></plw> (#), L. <plw><b>Pleopoda</b></plw> (#). [Gr. &?; to swim + <i>-pod</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of the abdominal legs of a crustacean. See <i>Illust.</i> under <u>Crustacea</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ple"rome</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; that which fills up, fr. &?; to fill.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The central column of parenchyma in a growing stem or root.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ple*roph"o*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;; &?; full + &?; to bear.] <def>Fullness; full persuasion.</def> "A <i>plerophory</i> of assurance." <i>Bp. Hall.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ples"ance</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Pleasance.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Plesh</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A pool; a plash.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ple`si*mor"phism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; near + &?; form.] <i>(Crystallog.)</i> <def>The property possessed by some substances of crystallizing in closely similar forms while unlike in chemical composition.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ple`si*o*mor"phous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Nearly alike in form.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ple"si*o*saur</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Paleon.)</i> <def>One of the Plesiosauria.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Ple`si*o*sau"ri*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Plesiosaurus</u>.] <i>(Paleon.)</i> <def>An extinct order of Mesozoic marine reptiles including the genera Plesiosaurus, and allied forms; — called also <i>Sauropterygia</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ple`si*o*sau"ri*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Paleon.)</i> <def>A plesiosaur.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Ple`si*o*sau"rus</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Plesiosauri</b></plw> (#). [NL., fr. Gr &?; near + &?; a lizard.] <i>(Paleon.)</i> <def>A genus of large extinct marine reptiles, having a very long neck, a small head, and paddles for swimming. It lived in the Mesozoic age.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ples*sim"e*ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Pleximeter</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plete</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t. & i.</i></pos> <def>To plead.</def> [Obs.] <i>P. Plowman.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pleth"o*ra</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to be or become full. Cf. <u>Pleonasm</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Overfullness; especially, excessive fullness of the blood vessels; repletion; that state of the blood vessels or of the system when the blood exceeds a healthy standard in quantity; hyper&aelig;mia; — opposed to <i>an&aelig;mia</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>State of being overfull; excess; superabundance.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He labors under a <i>plethora</i> of wit and imagination.</blockquote> <i>Jeffrey.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pleth`o*ret"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Plethoric.</def> [Obs.] <i>Johnson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ple*thor"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;; cf. F. <i>pl&eacute;thorique</i>.] <def>Haeving a full habit of body; characterized by plethora or excess of blood; as, a <i>plethoric</i> constitution; — used also metaphorically.</def> "<i>Plethoric</i> phrases." <i>Sydney Smith.</i> "<i>Plethoric</i> fullness of thought." <i>De Quincey.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ple*thor"ic*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Plethoric.</def> [R.] — <wf>Ple*thor"ic*al*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <i>Burke.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pleth"o*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Plethora.</def> <i>Jer. Taylor.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>||Pleth"ron</hw> (?), <hw>||Pleth"rum</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Plethra</b></plw> (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?;.] <i>(Gr. Antiq.)</i> <def>A long measure of 100 Greek, or 101 English, feet; also, a square measure of 10,000 Greek feet.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pleth"ys*mo*graph</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; an enlargement + <i>-graph</i>.] <i>(Physiol.)</i> <def>An instrument for determining and registering the variations in the size or volume of a limb, as the arm or leg, and hence the variations in the amount of blood in the limb.</def></p>

<p>— <wf>Pleth`ys*mo*graph"ic</wf> (#), <pos><i>a.</i></pos></p>

<p><! p. 1100 !></p>

<p><hw>Pleth`ys*mog"ra*phy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Physiol.)</i> <def>The study, by means of the plethysmograph, of the variations in size of a limb, and hence of its blood supply.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pleu"ra</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, <def><pos><i>pl.</i></pos> of <u>Pleuron</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pleu"ra</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> L. <plw><b>Pleur&aelig;</b></plw> (#), E. <plw><b>Pleuras</b></plw> (#). [NL., <pos><i>n. fem.</i></pos>, fr. Gr. &?; a rib, the side.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Anat.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The smooth serous membrane which closely covers the lungs and the adjacent surfaces of the thorax; the pleural membrane.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The closed sac formed by the pleural membrane about each lung, or the fold of membrane connecting each lung with the body wall.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Pleuron</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pleu"ral</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to the pleura or pleur&aelig;, or to the sides of the thorax.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pleu*ral"gi*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?; rib + &?; pain.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Pain in the side or region of the ribs.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pleu`ra*poph"y*sis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Pleurapophyses</b></plw> (#). [NL. See <u>Pleura</u>, and <u>Apophysis</u>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>One of the ventral processes of a vertebra, or the dorsal element in each half of a hemal arch, forming, or corresponding to, a vertebral rib.</def> — <wf>Pleu*rap`o*phys"i*al</wf> (#), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>Owen.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pleu*ren"chy*ma</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; side + &?;, as in <i>parenchyma</i>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A tissue consisting of long and slender tubular cells, of which wood is mainly composed.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pleu"ric</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Pleural.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pleu"ri*sy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>pleur&eacute;sie</i>, L. <i>pleurisis</i>, <i>pleuritis</i>, Gr <grk>pleyri^tis</grk> (sc. <grk>no`sos</grk>), fr. <grk>pleyra`</grk> rib, side.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>An inflammation of the pleura, usually accompanied with fever, pain, difficult respiration, and cough, and with exudation into the pleural cavity.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Pleurisy root</b></col>. <i>(Bot.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>The large tuberous root of a kind of milkweed (<i>Asclepias tuberosa</i>) which is used as a remedy for pleuritic and other diseases</cd>. <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>The plant itself, which has deep orange-colored flowers; — called also <i>butterfly weed</i>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pleu"rite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Pleuron</u>.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pleu*rit"ic</hw> (?), <hw>Pleu*rit"ic*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>pleuriticus</i>, Gr. &?;: cf. F. <i>pleur&eacute;tique</i>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>Of or pertaining to pleurisy; as, <i>pleuritic</i> symptoms.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>Suffering from pleurisy.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pleu*ri"tis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Pleurisy.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pleu"ro-</hw> (?). [See <u>Pleura</u>.] <def>A combining form denoting <i>relation to a side</i>; specif., <i>connection with</i>, or <i>situation in</i> or <i>near</i>, <i>the pleura</i>; as, <i>pleuro</i>peritoneum.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pleu`ro*brach"i*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Pleuro-</u>, and <u>Brachium</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A genus of ctenophores having an ovate body and two long plumose tentacles.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pleu"ro*branch</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Pleuro- </u>, and <u>Branchia</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any one of the gills of a crustacean that is attached to the side of the thorax.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pleu`ro*bran"chi*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Pleuroeranchi&aelig;</b></plw> (#). [NL.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Pleurobranch</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pleu"ro*carp</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Pleuro-</i> + Gr. &?; fruit.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Any pleurocarpic moss.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pleu`ro*car"pic</hw> (?), <hw>Pleu`ro*car"pous</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Side-fruited; — said of those true mosses in which the pedicels or the capsules are from lateral archegonia; — opposed to <i>acrocarpous</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pleu`ro*cen"trum</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL. see <u>Pleuro-</u>, and <u>Centrum</u>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>One of the lateral elements in the centra of the vertebr&aelig; in some fossil batrachians.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pleu*rod"e*res</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?; the side + &?; the neck.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A group of fresh-water turtles in which the neck can not be retracted, but is bent to one side, for protection. The matamata is an example.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pleu"ro*dont</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Pleuro-</i> + Gr. &?;, &?;, a tooth.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Having the teeth consolidated with the inner edge of the jaw, as in some lizards.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pleu"ro*dont</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any lizard having pleurodont teeth.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pleu`ro*dyn"i*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?; side + &?; pain.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>A painful affection of the side, simulating pleurisy, usually due to rheumatism.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pleu"ron</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Pleura</b></plw> (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a rib.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>One of the sides of an animal.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>One of the lateral pieces of a somite of an insect.</def> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <def>One of lateral processes of a somite of a crustacean.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pleu`ro*nec"toid</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [NL. <i>Pleuronectes</i>, name of a genus (fr. Gr. &?; rib + &?; a swimmer) + <i>-oid</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Pertaining to the <i>Pleuronectid&aelig;</i>, or Flounder family.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pleu`ro*per`i*car"di*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to the pleura and pericardium.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pleu`ro*per`ip*neu"mo*ny</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Pleuro-</i> + <i>peripneumony</i>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Pleuropneumonia.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pleu`ro*per`i*to*ne"al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to the pleural and peritoneal membranes or cavities, or to the pleuroperitoneum.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pleu`ro*per`i*to*ne"um</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Pleuro-</i> + <i>peritoneum</i>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>The pleural and peritoneal membranes, or the membrane lining the body cavity and covering the surface of the inclosed viscera; the peritoneum; — used especially in the case of those animals in which the body cavity is not divided.</def></p>

<p>&fist; <i>Peritoneum</i> is now often used in the sense of <i>pleuroperitoneum</i>, the pleur&aelig; being regarded as a part of the peritoneum, when the body cavity is undivided.</p>

<p><hw>Pleu`ro*pneu*mo"ni*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Pleuro- </i> + <i>pneumonia</i>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Inflammation of the pleura and lungs; a combination of pleurisy and pneumonia, esp. a kind of contagions and fatal lung plague of cattle.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pleu*rop"te*ra</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?; side + &?; wing.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A group of Isectivora, including the colugo.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pleu`ro*sig"ma</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Pleuro-</u>, and <u>Sigma</u>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A genus of diatoms of elongated elliptical shape, but having the sides slightly curved in the form of a letter <universbold>S</universbold>. <i>Pleurosigma angulatum</i> has very fine striations, and is a favorite object for testing the high powers of microscopes.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pleu*ros"te*on</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> L. <plw><b>Pleurostea</b></plw> (#), E. <plw><b>-ons</b></plw> (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a rib + &?; a bone.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>The antero- lateral piece which articulates the sternum of birds.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pleu`ro*thot"o*nus</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. <grk>pleyro`qen</grk> from the side + <grk>to`nos</grk> a stretching.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>A species of tetanus, in which the body is curved laterally.</def> <i>Quain.</i> <i>Dunglison.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Pleu*rot"o*ma</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> L. <plw><b>Pleurotom&aelig;</b></plw> (#), E. <plw><b>Pleurotomas</b></plw> (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; the side + <grk>tomh`</grk> a cut.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any marine gastropod belonging to <i>Pleurotoma</i>, and ether allied genera of the family <i>Pleurotmid&aelig;</i>. The species are very numerous, especially in tropical seas. The outer lip has usually a posterior notch or slit.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plev"in</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>plevine</i>. See <u>Replevin</u>.] <def>A warrant or assurance.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Plex"i*form</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Plexus</i> + <i>-form</i>: cf. F. <i>Plexiforme</i>.] <def>Like network; complicated.</def> <i>Quincy.</i></p>

<p><hw>Plex*im"e*ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; stroke, percussion (from &?; to strike) + <i>-meter</i>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>A small, hard, elastic plate, as of ivory, bone, or rubber, placed in contact with body to receive the blow, in examination by mediate percussion.</def> [Written also <i>plexometer</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Plex"ure</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Plexus</u>.] <def>The act or process of weaving together, or interweaving; that which is woven together.</def> <i>H. Brooke.</i></p>

<p><hw>Plex"us</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> L. <plw><b>Plexus</b></plw>, E. <plw><b>Plexuses</b></plw> (#). [L., a twining, braid, fr. <i>plectere</i>, <i>plexum</i>, to twine, braid.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>A network of vessels, nerves, or fibers.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Math.)</i> <def>The system of equations required for the complete expression of the relations which exist between a set of quantities.</def> <i>Brande & C.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pley</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. & n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Play</u>.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pley</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Full See <u>Plein</u>.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pleyt</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>An old term for a river boat.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pli`a*bil"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality or state of being pliable; flexibility; as, <i>pliability</i> of disposition.</def> "<i>Pliability</i> of movement." <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pli"a*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [F., fr. <i>plier</i> to bend, to fold. See <u>Ply</u>, <pos><i>v.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Capable of being plied, turned, or bent; easy to be bent; flexible; pliant; supple; limber; yielding; as, willow is a <i>pliable</i> plant.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Flexible in disposition; readily yielding to influence, arguments, persuasion, or discipline; easy to be persuaded; — sometimes in a bad sense; as, a <i>pliable</i> youth.</def> "<i>Pliable</i> she promised to be." <i>Dr. H. More.</i></p>

<p>— <wf>Pli"a*ble*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> — <wf>Pli"a*bly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Pli"an*cy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality or state of being pliant in sense; as, the <i>pliancy</i> of a rod.</def> "Avaunt all specious <i>pliancy</i> of mind." <i>Wordsworth.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pli"ant</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [F. <i>pliant</i>, p. pr. of <i>plier</i> to bend. See <u>Ply</u>, <pos><i>v.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Capable of plying or bending; readily yielding to force or pressure without breaking; flexible; pliable; lithe; limber; plastic; as, a <i>pliant</i> thread; <i>pliant</i> wax. Also used figuratively: Easily influenced for good or evil; tractable; as, a <i>pliant</i> heart.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The will was then ductile and <i>pliant</i> to right reason.</blockquote> <i>South.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Favorable to pliancy.</def> [R.] "A <i>pliant</i> hour." <i>Shak.</i> — <wf>Pli"ant*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Pli"ant*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>||Pli"ca</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [LL., a fold, fr. L. <i>plicare</i> to fold. See <u>Ply</u>, <pos><i>v.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>A disease of the hair (<i>Plica polonica</i>), in which it becomes twisted and matted together. The disease is of Polish origin, and is hence called also <i>Polish plait</i>.</def> <i>Dunglison.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A diseased state in plants in which there is an excessive development of small entangled twigs, instead of ordinary branches.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The bend of the wing of a bird.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pli"cate</hw> (?), <hw>Pli"ca*ted</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>plicatus</i>, p. p. of <i>plicare</i> to fold.] <def>Plaited; folded like a fan; as, a <i>plicate</i> leaf.</def> — <wf>Pli"cate*ly</wf> (#), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Pli*ca"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A folding or fold; a plait.</def> <i>Richardson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Plic"a*ture</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>plicatura</i>, fr. <i>plicare</i> to fold.] <def>A fold; a doubling; a plication.</def> <i>Dr. H. More.</i></p>

<p><hw>Plic`i*den"tine</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [LL. <i>plica</i> fold + E. <i>dentine</i>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>A form of dentine which shows sinuous lines of structure in a transverse section of the tooth.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plied</hw> (?), <def><pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> of <u>Ply</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pli"ers</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [From <u>Ply</u> to bend, fold.] <def>A kind of small pinchers with long jaws, — used for bending or cutting metal rods or wire, for handling small objects such as the parts of a watch, etc.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pli"form</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Ply</i> a fold + <i>-form</i>.] <def>In the form of a ply, fold, or doubling.</def> [Obs.] <i>Pennant.</i></p>

<p><hw>Plight</hw> (?), obs. <def><pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> of <u>Plight</u>, to pledge.</def> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Plight</hw>, obs. <def><pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> of <u>Pluck</u>.</def> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Plight</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [OE. <i>pliten</i>; probably through Old French, fr. LL. <i>plectare</i>, L. <i>plectere</i>. See <u>Plait</u>, <u>Ply</u>.] <def>To weave; to braid; to fold; to plait.</def>[Obs.] "To sew and <i>plight</i>." <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>A <i>plighted</i> garment of divers colors.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Plight</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A network; a plait; a fold; rarely a garment.</def> [Obs.] "Many a folded <i>plight</i>." <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Plight</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>pliht</i> danger, engagement, AS. <i>pliht</i> danger, fr. <i>ple&oacute;n</i> to risk; akin to D. <i>plicht</i> duty, G. <i>pflicht</i>, Dan. <i>pligt</i>. &radic;28. Cf. <u>Play</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>That which is exposed to risk; that which is plighted or pledged; security; a gage; a pledge.</def> "That lord whose hand must take my <i>plight</i>." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> [Perh. the same word as <i>plight</i> a pledge, but at least influenced by OF. <i>plite</i>, <i>pliste</i>, <i>ploit</i>, <i>ploi</i>, a condition, state; cf. E. <i>plight</i> to fold, and F. <i>pli</i> a fold, habit, <i>plier</i> to fold, E. <i>ply</i>.] <def>Condition; state; — risk, or exposure to danger, often being implied; as, a luckless <i>plight</i>.</def> "Your <i>plight</i> is pitied." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>To bring our craft all in another <i>plight</i></blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Plight</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Plighted</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Plighting</u>.] [AS. <i>plihtan</i> to expose to danger, <i>pliht</i> danger;cf. D. ver<i>plichten</i> to oblige, engage, impose a duty, G. ver<i>pflichten</i>, Sw. f&ouml;r<i>plikta</i>, Dan. for<i>pligte</i>. See <u>Plight</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To pledge; to give as a pledge for the performance of some act; as, to <i>plight</i> faith, honor, word; — never applied to property or goods.</def> " To do them <i>plighte</i> their troth." <i>Piers Plowman.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>He <i>plighted</i> his right hand<BR> Unto another love, and to another land.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Here my inviolable faith I <i>plight</i>.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To promise; to engage; to betroth.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Before its setting hour, divide<BR> The bridegroom from the <i>plighted</i> bride.</blockquote> <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><hw>Plight"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who, or that which, plights.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plim</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [Cf. <u>Plump</u>.] <def>To swell, as grain or wood with water.</def> [Prov. Eng.] <i>Grose.</i></p>

<p><hw>Plim"soll's mark`</hw> (?). <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>A mark conspicuously painted on the port side of all British sea-going merchant vessels, to indicate the limit of submergence allowed by law; — so called from Samuel <i>Plimsoll</i>, by whose efforts the act of Parliament to prevent overloading was procured.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plinth</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>plinthus</i>, Gr. &?; a brick or tile, a plinth, perh. akin to E. <i>flint</i>: cf. F. <i>plinthe</i>.] <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>In classical architecture, a vertically faced member immediately below the circular base of a column; also, the lowest member of a pedestal; hence, in general, the lowest member of a base; a sub-base; a block upon which the moldings of an architrave or trim are stopped at the bottom. See <i>Illust.</i> of <u>Column</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pli"o*cene</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Written also <i>pleiocene</i>.] [Gr. &?; more + &?; new, recent.] <i>(Geol.)</i> <def>Of, pertaining to, or characterizing, the most recent division of the Tertiary age.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pli"o*cene</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Geol.)</i> <def>The Pliocene period or deposits.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pli`o*hip"pus</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. E. <i>plio</i>cene + Gr. &?; horse.] <i>(Paleon.)</i> <def>An extinct genus of horses from the Pliocene deposits. Each foot had a single toe (or hoof), as in the common horse.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pli`o*sau"rus</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., from Gr. &?; greater + &?; lizard.] <i>(Paleon.)</i> <def>An extinct genus of marine reptiles allied to Plesiosaurus, but having a much shorter neck.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plitt</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Russ. <i>plete</i>.] <def>An instrument of punishment or torture resembling the knout, used in Russia.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ploc</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F.] <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>A mixture of hair and tar for covering the bottom of a ship.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Plo"ce</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., fr. Gr. &?; complication, fr. &?; to entwine.] <i>(Rhet.)</i> <def>A figure in which a word is separated or repeated by way of emphasis, so as not only to signify the individual thing denoted by it, but also its peculiar attribute or quality; as, "His <i>wife</i>'s a <i>wife</i> indeed."</def> <i>Bailey.</i></p>

<p><hw>Plod</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Plodded</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Plodding</u>.] [Gf. Gael. <i>plod</i> a clod, a pool; also, to strike or pelt with a clod or clods.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To travel slowly but steadily; to trudge.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To toil; to drudge; especially, to study laboriously and patiently.</def> "<i>Plodding</i> schoolmen." <i>Drayton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Plod</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To walk on slowly or heavily.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The ploughman homeward <i>plods</i> his weary way.</blockquote> <i>Gray.</i></p>

<p><hw>Plod"der</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who plods; a drudge.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plod"ding</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Progressing in a slow, toilsome manner; characterized by laborious diligence; as, a <i>plodding</i> peddler; a <i>plodding</i> student; a man of <i>plodding</i> habits.</def> —<wf>Plod"ding*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Plonge</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [See <u>Plunge</u>.] <def>To cleanse, as open drains which are entered by the tide, by stirring up the sediment when the tide ebbs.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Plon`g&eacute;e"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. See <u>Plunge</u>.] <i>(Mil.)</i> <def>A slope or sloping toward the front; as, the <i>plong&eacute;e</i> of a parapet; the <i>plong&eacute;e</i> of a shell in its course.</def> [Sometimes written <i>plonge</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Plot</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>plot</i>; cf. Goth. <i>plats</i> a patch. Cf. <u>Plat</u> a piece of ground.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A small extent of ground; a plat; as, a garden <i>plot</i>.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A plantation laid out.</def> [Obs.] <i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Surv.)</i> <def>A plan or draught of a field, farm, estate, etc., drawn to a scale.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plot</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Plotted</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Plotting</u>.] <def>To make a plot, map, pr plan, of; to mark the position of on a plan; to delineate.</def></p>

<p><blockquote> This treatise <i>plotteth</i> down Cornwall as it now standeth.</blockquote> <i>Carew.</i></p>

<p><hw>Plot</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Abbrev. from <i>complot</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Any scheme, stratagem, secret design, or plan, of a complicated nature, adapted to the accomplishment of some purpose, usually a treacherous and mischievous one; a conspiracy; an intrigue; as, the Rye-house <i>Plot</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I have overheard a <i>plot</i> of death.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>O, think what anxious moments pass between<BR> The birth of <i>plots</i> and their last fatal periods!</blockquote> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A share in such a plot or scheme; a participation in any stratagem or conspiracy.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>And when Christ saith, Who marries the divorced commits adultery, it is to be understood, if he had any <i>plot</i> in the divorce.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Contrivance; deep reach of thought; ability to plot or intrigue.</def> [Obs.] "A man of much <i>plot</i>." <i>Denham.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>A plan; a purpose.</def> "No other <i>plot</i> in their religion but serve God and save their souls." <i>Jer. Taylor.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>In fiction, the story of a play, novel, romance, or poem, comprising a complication of incidents which are gradually unfolded, sometimes by unexpected means.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>If the <i>plot</i> or intrigue must be natural, and such as springs from the subject, then the winding up of the <i>plot</i> must be a probable consequence of all that went before.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Intrigue; stratagem; conspiracy; cabal; combination; contrivance.</p>

<p><! p. 1101 !></p>

<p><hw>Plot</hw> (pl&obreve;t), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To form a scheme of mischief against another, especially against a government or those who administer it; to conspire.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The wicked <i>plotteth</i> against the just.</blockquote> <i>Ps. xxxvii. 12.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To contrive a plan or stratagem; to scheme.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The prince did <i>plot</i> to be secretly gone.</blockquote> <i>Sir H. Wotton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Plot</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To plan; to scheme; to devise; to contrive secretly.</def> "<i>Plotting</i> an unprofitable crime." <i>Dryden.</i> "<i>Plotting</i> now the fall of others." <i>Milton</i></p>

<p><hw>Plot"ful</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Abounding with plots.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plo*tin"i*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos><def>Of pertaining to the Plotinists or their doctrines.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plo*ti"nist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Eccl. Hist.)</i> <def>A disciple of Plotinus, a celebrated Platonic philosopher of the third century, who taught that the human soul emanates from the divine Being, to whom it reunited at death.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plot"-proof`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Secure against harm by plots.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Plot"ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who plots or schemes; a contriver; a conspirator; a schemer.</def> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Plough</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. & v.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Plow</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plov"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>plovier</i>, F. <i>pluvier</i>, prop., the rain bird, fr. LL. (assumed) <i>pluviarius</i>, fr. L. <i>pluvia</i> rain, from <i>pluere</i> to rain; akin to E. <i>float</i>, G. <i>fliessen</i> to flow. See <u>Float</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any one of numerous species of limicoline birds belonging to the family <i>Charadrid&aelig;</i>, and especially those belonging to the subfamily <i>Charadrins&aelig;</i>. They are prized as game birds.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any grallatorial bird allied to, or resembling, the true plovers, as the crab plover (<i>Dromas ardeola</i>); the American upland, plover (<i>Bartramia longicauda</i>); and other species of sandpipers.</def></p>

<p>&fist; Among the more important species are the <i>blackbellied, or blackbreasted, plover</i> (<i>Charadrius squatarola</i>) of America and Europe; — called also <i>gray plover</i>, <i>bull-head plover</i>, <i>Swiss plover</i>, <i>sea plover</i>, and <i>oxeye</i>; the <i>golden plover</i> (see under <u>Golden</u>); the <i>ring or ringed plover</i> (<i>&AElig;gialitis hiaticula</i>). See <u>Ringneck</u>. The <i>piping plover</i> (<i>&AElig;gialitis meloda</i>); <i>Wilson's plover</i> (<i>&AElig;. Wilsonia</i>); the <i>mountain plover</i> (<i>&AElig;. montana</i>); and the <i>semipalmated plover</i> (<i>&AElig;. semipalmata</i>), are all small American species.</p>

<p><col><b>Bastard plover</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the lapwing.</cd> — <col><b>Long-legged</b></col>, or <col><b>yellow- legged</b></col>, <col><b>plover</b></col>. <cd>See <u>Tattler</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Plover's page</b></col>, <cd>the dunlin.</cd> [Prov. Eng.] — <col><b>Rock plover</b></col>, or <col><b>Stone plover</b></col>, <cd>the black-bellied plover.</cd> [Prov. Eng.] — <col><b>Whistling plover</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>The golden plover</cd>. <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>The black-bellied plover.</cd></p>

<p>{ <hw>Plow</hw>, <hw>Plough</hw> } (plou), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>plouh</i>, <i>plou</i>, AS. <i>pl&omacr;h</i>; akin to D. <i>ploeg</i>, G. <i>pflug</i>, OHG. <i>pfluog</i>, <i>pfluoh</i>, Icel. <i>pl&omacr;gr</i>, Sw. <i>plog</i>, Dan. <i>ploug</i>, <i>plov</i>, Russ. <i>plug'</i>, Lith. <i>plugas</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A well-known implement, drawn by horses, mules, oxen, or other power, for turning up the soil to prepare it for bearing crops; also used to furrow or break up the soil for other purposes; as, the subsoil <i>plow</i>; the draining <i>plow</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Where fern succeeds ungrateful to the <i>plow</i>.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Fig.: Agriculture; husbandry.</def> <i>Johnson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A carucate of land; a plowland.</def> [Obs.] [Eng.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Johan, mine eldest son, shall have <i>plowes</i> five.</blockquote> <i>Tale of Gamelyn.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>A joiner's plane for making grooves; a grooving plane.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <i>(Bookbinding)</i> <def>An implement for trimming or shaving off the edges of books.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <i>(Astron.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Charles's Wain</u>.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Ice plow</b></col>, <cd>a plow used for cutting ice on rivers, ponds, etc.</cd>, into cakes suitable for storing. [U. S.] — <col><b>Mackerel plow</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Mackerel</u>.</cd> - - <col><b>Plow alms</b></col>, <cd>a penny formerly paid by every plowland to the church.</cd> <i>Cowell.</i> — <col><b>Plow beam</b></col>, <cd>that part of the frame of a plow to which the draught is applied. See <u>Beam</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, 9.</cd> — <col><b>Plow Monday</b></col>, <cd>the Monday after Twelth Day, or the end of Christmas holidays.</cd> — <col><b>Plow staff</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>A kind of long-handled spade or paddle for cleaning the plowshare; a paddle staff</cd>. <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>A plow handle.</cd> — <col><b>Snow plow</b></col>, <cd>a structure, usually &LAMBDA;-shaped, for removing snow from sidewalks, railroads, etc., — drawn or driven by a horse or a locomotive.</cd></p>

<p>{ <hw>Plow</hw>, <hw>Plough</hw>, } <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Plowed</u> (ploud) or <u>Ploughed</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Plowing</u> or <u>Ploughing</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To turn up, break up, or trench, with a plow; to till with, or as with, a plow; as, to <i>plow</i> the ground; to <i>plow</i> a field.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To furrow; to make furrows, grooves, or ridges in; to run through, as in sailing.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Let patient Octavia <i>plow</i> thy visage up<BR> With her prepared nails.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>With speed we <i>plow</i> the watery way.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Bookbinding)</i> <def>To trim, or shave off the edges of, as a book or paper, with a plow. See <u>Plow</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, 5.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Joinery)</i> <def>To cut a groove in, as in a plank, or the edge of a board; especially, a rectangular groove to receive the end of a shelf or tread, the edge of a panel, a tongue, etc.</def></p>

<p><col><b>To plow in</b></col>, <cd>to cover by plowing; as, <i>to plow in</i> wheat.</cd> — <col><b>To plow up</b></col>, <cd>to turn out of the ground by plowing.</cd> </p>

<p>{ <hw>Plow</hw>, <hw>Plough</hw> } (plou), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To labor with, or as with, a plow; to till or turn up the soil with a plow; to prepare the soil or bed for anything.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Doth the plowman <i>plow</i> all day to sow ?</blockquote> <i>Isa. xxviii. 24.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Plow"a*ble</hw>, <hw>Plough"a*ble</hw> } (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Capable of being plowed; arable.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Plow"bote`</hw>, <hw>Plough"bote`</hw> } (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Eng. Law)</i> <def>Wood or timber allowed to a tenant for the repair of instruments of husbandry. See <u>Bote</u>.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Plow"boy`</hw>, <hw>Plough"boy`</hw> }, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A boy that drives or guides a team in plowing; a young rustic.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Plow"er</hw>, <hw>Plough"er</hw> } (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who plows; a plowman; a cultivator.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Plow"foot`</hw>, <hw>Plough"foot`</hw> } (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>An adjustable staff formerly attached to the plow beam to determine the depth of the furrow.</def> <i>Piers Plowman.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Plow"gang`</hw>, <hw>Plough"gang`</hw> } (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Plowgate</u>.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Plow"gate`</hw>, <hw>Plough"gate`</hw> } (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The Scotch equivalent of the English word <i>plowland</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Not having one <i>plowgate</i> of land.</blockquote> <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Plow"head`</hw>, <hw>Plough"head`</hw> } (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The clevis or draught iron of a plow.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Plow"land`</hw>, <hw>Ploug"land`</hw> } (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Land that is plowed, or suitable for tillage.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(O. Eng. Law)</i> <def>the quantity of land allotted for the work of one plow; a hide.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Plow"man</hw>, <hw>Plough"man</hw> } (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>-men</b></plw> (&?;). <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who plows, or who holds and guides a plow; hence, a husbandman.</def> <i>Chaucer. Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A rustic; a countryman; a field laborer.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Plowman's spikenard</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>a European composite weed (<i>Conyza squarrosa</i>), having fragrant roots.</cd> <i>Dr. Prior.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Plow"point`</hw>, <hw>Plough"point`</hw> } (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A detachable share at the extreme front end of the plow body.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Plow"share`</hw>, <hw>Plough"share"</hw> } (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The share of a plow, or that part which cuts the slice of earth or sod at the bottom of the furrow.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Plowshare bone</b></col> <i>(Anat.)</i>, <cd>the pygostyle.</cd></p>

<p>{ <hw>Plow"tail`</hw>, <hw>Plough"tail`</hw> } (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The hind part or handle of a plow.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Plow"wright`</hw>, <hw>Plough"wright`</hw> } (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who makes or repairs plows.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ploy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Sport; frolic.</def> [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]</p>

<p><hw>Ploy</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [Prob. abbrev. fr. <i>deploy</i>.] <i>(Mil.)</i> <def>To form a column from a line of troops on some designated subdivision; — the opposite of <i>deploy</i>.</def> <i>Wilhelm.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ploy"ment</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Mil.)</i> <def>The act or movement of forming a column from a line of troops on some designated subdivision; — the opposite of <i>deployment</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pluck</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Plucked</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Plucking</u>.] [AS. <i>pluccian</i>; akin to LG. & D. <i>plukken</i>, G. <i>pfl&uuml;cken</i>, Icel. <i>plokka</i>, <i>plukka</i>, Dan. <i>plukke</i>, Sw. <i>plocka</i>. &?;27.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To pull; to draw.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Its own nature . . . <i>plucks</i> on its own dissolution.</blockquote> <i>Je&?;. Taylor.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Especially, to pull with sudden force or effort, or to pull off or out from something, with a twitch; to twitch; also, to gather, to pick; as, to <i>pluck</i> feathers from a fowl; to <i>pluck</i> hair or wool from a skin; to <i>pluck</i> grapes.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I come to <i>pluck</i> your berries harsh and crude.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>E'en children followed, with endearing wile,<BR> And <i>plucked</i> his gown to share the good man's smile.</blockquote> <i>Goldsmith.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To strip of, or as of, feathers; as, to <i>pluck</i> a fowl.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>They which pass by the way do <i>pluck</i> her.</blockquote> <i>Ps. lxxx.&?;2.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Eng. Universities)</i> <def>To reject at an examination for degrees.</def> <i>C. Bront&eacute;.</i></p>

<p><col><b>To pluck away</b></col>, <cd>to pull away, or to separate by pulling; to tear away.</cd> — <col><b>To pluck down</b></col>, <cd>to pull down; to demolish; to reduce to a lower state.</cd> — <col><b>to pluck off</b></col>, <cd>to pull or tear off; as, <i>to pluck off</i> the skin.</cd> — <col><b>to pluck up</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>To tear up by the roots or from the foundation; to eradicate; to exterminate; to destroy; as, <i>to pluck up</i> a plant; <i>to pluck up</i> a nation</cd>. <i>Jer. xii. 17.</i> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>To gather up; to summon; as, <i>to pluck up</i> courage.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pluck</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To make a motion of pulling or twitching; — usually with <i>at</i>; as, to <i>pluck</i> at one's gown.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pluck</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of plucking; a pull; a twitch.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> [Prob. so called as being <i>plucked</i> out after the animal is killed; or cf. Gael. & Ir. <i>pluc</i> a lump, a knot, a bunch.] <def>The heart, liver, and lights of an animal.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Spirit; courage; indomitable resolution; fortitude.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Decay of English spirit, decay of manly <i>pluck</i>.</blockquote> <i>Thackeray.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>The act of plucking, or the state of being plucked, at college. See <u>Pluck</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>, 4.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The lyrie.</def> [Prov. Eng.]</p>

<p><hw>Plucked</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having courage and spirit.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Pluck"er</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who, or that which, plucks.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Thou setter up and <i>plucker</i> down of kings.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A machine for straightening and cleaning wool.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pluck"i*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a plucky manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pluck"i*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality or state of being plucky.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pluck"less</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Without pluck; timid; faint-hearted.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pluck"y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<pos><i>Compar.</i></pos> <u>Pluckier</u> (?); <pos><i>superl.</i></pos> <u>Pluckiest</u>.] <def>Having pluck or courage; characterized by pluck; displaying pluck; courageous; spirited; as, a <i>plucky</i> race.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>If you're <i>plucky</i>, and not over subject to fright.</blockquote> <i>Barham.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pluff</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [Prob. of imitative origin.] <def>To throw out, as smoke, dust, etc., in puffs.</def> [Scot.]</p>

<p><hw>Pluff</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A puff, as of smoke from a pipe, or of dust from a puffball; a slight explosion, as of a small quantity of gunpowder.</def> [Scot.]</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A hairdresser's powder puff; also, the act of using it.</def> [Scot.]</p>

<p><hw>Plug</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Akin to D. <i>plug</i>, G. <i>pflock</i>, Dan. <i>pl&ouml;k</i>, <i>plug</i>, Sw. <i>plugg</i>; cf. W. <i>ploc</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Any piece of wood, metal, or other substance used to stop or fill a hole; a stopple.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A flat oblong cake of pressed tobacco.</def> [U. S.]</p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A high, tapering silk hat.</def> [Slang, U.S.]</p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>A worthless horse.</def> [Slang, U.S.]</p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <i>(Building)</i> <def>A block of wood let into a wall, to afford a hold for nails.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Fire plug</b></col>, <cd>a street hydrant to which hose may be attached.</cd> [U. S.] — <col><b>Hawse plug</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>a plug to stop a hawse hole.</cd> — <col><b>Plug and feather</b></col>. <i>(Stone Working)</i> <cd>See <u>Feather</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, 7.</cd> — <col><b>Plug centerbit</b></col>, <cd>a centerbit ending in a small cylinder instead of a point, so as to follow and enlarge a hole previously made, or to form a counterbore around it.</cd> — <col><b>Plug rod</b></col> <i>(Steam Eng.)</i> <cd>, a rod attached to the beam for working the valves, as in the Cornish engine.</cd> — <col><b>Plug valve</b></col> <i>(Mech.)</i>, <cd>a tapering valve, which turns in a case like the <i>plug</i> of a faucet.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Plug</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Plugged</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Plugging</u> (?).] <def>To stop with a plug; to make tight by stopping a hole.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plug"ger</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who, or that which, plugs.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plug"ging</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of stopping with a plug.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The material of which a plug or stopple is made.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plum</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>pl&umacr;me</i>, fr. L. <i>prunum</i>; akin to Gr. &?;, &?;. Cf. <u>Prune</u> a dried plum.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The edible drupaceous fruit of the <i>Prunus domestica</i>, and of several other species of <i>Prunus</i>; also, the tree itself, usually called <i>plum tree</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The bullace, the damson, and the numerous varieties of <i>plum</i>, of our gardens, although growing into thornless trees, are believed to be varieties of the blackthorn, produced by long cultivation.</blockquote> <i>G. Bentham.</i></p>

<p> &fist; Two or three hundred varieties of plums derived from the <i>Prunus domestica</i> are described; among them the <i>greengage</i>, the <i>Orleans</i>, the <i>purple gage</i>, or <i>Reine Claude Violette</i>, and the <i>German prune</i>, are some of the best known.</p>

<p>&fist; Among the true plums are; <col><b>Beach plum</b></col>, the <i>Prunus maritima</i>, and its crimson or purple globular drupes, — <col><b>Bullace plum</b></col>. See <u>Bullace</u>. — <col><b>Chickasaw plum</b></col>, the American <i>Prunus Chicasa</i>, and its round red drupes. — <col><b>Orleans plum</b></col>, a dark reddish purple plum of medium size, much grown in England for sale in the markets. — <col><b>Wild plum of America</b></col>, <i>Prunus Americana</i>, with red or yellow fruit, the original of the <i>Iowa plum</i> and several other varieties.</p>

<p> Among plants called <i>plum</i>, but of other genera than <i>Prunus</i>, are; <col><b>Australian plum</b></col>, <i>Cargillia arborea</i> and <i>C. australis</i>, of the same family with the persimmon. — <col><b>Blood plum</b></col>, the West African <i>H&aelig;matostaphes Barteri</i>. — <col><b>Cocoa plum</b></col>, the Spanish nectarine. See under <u>Nectarine</u>. — <col><b>Date plum</b></col>. See under <u>Date</u>. — <col><b>Gingerbread plum</b></col>, the West African <i>Parinarium macrophyllum</i>. — <col><b>Gopher plum</b></col>, the Ogeechee lime. — <col><b>Gray plum</b></col>, <col><b>Guinea plum</b></col>. See under <u>Guinea</u>. — <col><b>Indian plum</b></col>, several species of <i>Flacourtia</i>.</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A grape dried in the sun; a raisin.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A handsome fortune or property; formerly, in cant language, the sum of &pound;100,000 sterling; also, the person possessing it.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Plum bird</b></col>, <col><b>Plum budder</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the European bullfinch.</cd> — <col><b>Plum gouger</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a weevil, or curculio (<i>Coccotorus scutellaris</i>), which destroys plums. It makes round holes in the pulp, for the reception of its eggs. The larva bores into the stone and eats the kernel.</cd> — <col><b>Plum weevil</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>an American weevil which is very destructive to plums, nectarines, cherries, and many other stone fruits. It lays its eggs in crescent-shaped incisions made with its jaws. The larva lives upon the pulp around the stone. Called also <i>turk</i>, and <i>plum curculio</i>. See <i>Illust.</i> under <u>Curculio</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>||Plu"ma</hw> (pl&umacr;"m&adot;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Plum&aelig;</b></plw> (-m&emacr;). [L.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A feather.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plum"age</hw> (pl&umacr;m"&asl;j), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., from <i>plume</i> a feather.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The entire clothing of a bird.</def></p>

<p>&fist; It consist of the <i>contour feathers</i>, or the ordinary feathers covering the head, neck, and body; the <i>tail feathers</i>, with their upper and lower coverts; the <i>wing feathers</i>, including primaries, secondaries, and tertiaries, with their coverts; and the <i>down</i> which lies beneath the contour feathers. See <i>Illust.</i> under <u>Bird</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Plu*mas"sa*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>plumasseau</i>.] <def>A plume or collection of ornamental feathers.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Plu`mas`sier"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F.] <def>One who prepares or deals in ornamental plumes or feathers.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plumb</hw> (pl&ubreve;m), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>plomb</i>, L. <i>plumbum</i> lead, a leaden ball or bullet; cf. Gr. <grk>mo`lybos</grk>, <grk>mo`libos</grk>, <grk>mo`lybdos</grk>. Cf. <u>Plummet</u>, <u>Plunge</u>.] <def>A little mass or weight of lead, or the like, attached to a line, and used by builders, etc., to indicate a vertical direction; a plummet; a plumb bob. See <i>Plumb line</i>, below.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Plumb bob</b></col>. <cd>See <u>Bob</u>, 4.</cd> — <col><b>Plumb joint</b></col>, <cd>in sheet-metal work, a lap joint, fastened by solder.</cd> — <col><b>Plumb level</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Level</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Plumb line</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>The cord by which a plumb bob is suspended; a plummet</cd>. <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>A line directed to the center of gravity of the earth.</cd> — <col><b>Plumb rule</b></col>, <cd>a narrow board with a plumb line, used by builders and carpenters.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Plumb</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Perpendicular; vertical; conforming the direction of a line attached to a plumb; as, the wall is <i>plumb</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plumb</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a plumb direction; perpendicularly.</def> "<i>Plumb</i> down he falls." <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Plumb</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Plumbed</u> (pl&ubreve;md); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Plumbing</u> (pl&ubreve;m"&ibreve;ng).] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To adjust by a plumb line; to cause to be perpendicular; as, to <i>plumb</i> a building or a wall.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To sound with a plumb or plummet, as the depth of water; hence, to examine by test; to ascertain the depth, quality, dimension, etc.; to sound; to fathom; to test.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He did not attempt to <i>plumb</i> his intellect.</blockquote> <i>Ld. Lytton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To seal with lead; as, to <i>plumb</i> a drainpipe.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To supply, as a building, with a system of plumbing.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plumb"age</hw> (pl&ubreve;m"&asl;j; 48), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Leadwork</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Plum*ba"gin</hw> (pl&ubreve;m*b&amacr;"j&ibreve;n), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>plumbago</i> leadwort, fr. <i>plumbum</i> lead; cf. F. <i>plombagin</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A crystalline substance said to be found in the root of a certain plant of the Leadwort (<i>Plumbago</i>) family.</def></p>

<p><! p. 1102 !></p>

<p><hw>Plum`ba*gin"e*ous</hw> (pl&ubreve;m`b&adot;*j&ibreve;n"&esl;*&ubreve;s), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Pertaining to natural order (<i>Plumbagine&aelig;</i>) of gamopetalous herbs, of which Plumbago is the type. The order includes also the marsh rosemary, the thrift, and a few other genera.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plum*bag"i*nous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Resembling plumbago; consisting of, or containing, plumbago; as, a <i>plumbaginous</i> slate.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plum*ba"go</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., from <i>plumbum</i> lead.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Min.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Graphite</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A genus of herbaceous plants with pretty salver-shaped corollas, usually blue or violet; leadwort.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Plum"be*an</hw> (?), <hw>Plum"be*ous</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>plumbeus</i>, from <i>plumbum</i> the metal lead.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Consisting of, or resembling, lead.</def> <i>J. Ellis.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Dull; heavy; stupid.</def> [R.] <i>J. P. Smith.</i></p>

<p><hw>Plumb"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>plombier</i>. See <u>Plumb</u>.] <def>One who works in lead; esp., one who furnishes, fits, and repairs lead, iron, or glass pipes, and other apparatus for the conveyance of water, gas, or drainage in buildings.</def> </p>

<p><hw>Plumb"er block`</hw> (?). <def>A pillow block.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plumb"er*y</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>plomberie</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The business of a plumber.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A place where plumbing is carried on; lead works.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plum"bic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [From <u>Plumbum</u>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Of, pertaining to, resembling, or containing, lead; — used specifically to designate those compounds in which it has a higher valence as contrasted with <i>plumbous</i> compounds; as, <i>plumbic</i> oxide.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plum*bif"er*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Plumbum</i> + <i>-ferous</i>.] <def>Producing or containing lead.</def> <i>Kirwan.</i></p>

<p><hw>Plumb"ing</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The art of casting and working in lead, and applying it to building purposes; especially, the business of furnishing, fitting, and repairing pipes for conducting water, sewage, etc.</def> <i>Gwilt.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The lead or iron pipes, and other apparatus, used in conveying water, sewage, etc., in a building.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plum"bism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From <u>Plumbum</u>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>A diseased condition, produced by the absorption of lead, common among workers in this metal or in its compounds, as among painters, typesetters, etc. It is characterized by various symptoms, as lead colic, lead line, and wrist drop. See under <u>Colic</u>, <u>Lead</u>, and <u>Wrist</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plum"bous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [From <u>Plumbum</u>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Of, pertaining to, or containing, lead; — used specifically to designate those compounds in which it has a lower valence as contrasted with <i>plumbic</i> compounds.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Plum"bum</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>The technical name of lead. See <u>Lead</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plume</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., fr. L. <i>pluma</i>. Cf. <u>Fly</u>, <pos><i>v.</i></pos>]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A feather; esp., a soft, downy feather, or a long, conspicuous, or handsome feather.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Wings . . . of many a colored <i>plume</i>.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>An ornamental tuft of feathers.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A feather, or group of feathers, worn as an ornament; a waving ornament of hair, or other material resembling feathers.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>His high <i>plume</i>, that nodded o'er his head.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>A token of honor or prowess; that on which one prides himself; a prize or reward.</def> "Ambitious to win from me some <i>plume</i>." <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A large and flexible panicle of inflorescence resembling a feather, such as is seen in certain large ornamental grasses.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Plume bird</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>any bird that yields ornamental plumes, especially the species of Epimarchus from New Guinea, and some of the herons and egrets, as the white heron of Florida (<i>Ardea candidissima</i>).</cd> — <col><b>Plume grass</b></col>. <i>(Bot)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>A kind of grass (<i>Erianthus saccharoides</i>) with the spikelets arranged in great silky plumes, growing in swamps in the Southern United States</cd>. <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>The still finer <i>E. Ravenn&aelig;</i> from the Mediterranean region. The name is sometimes extended to the whole genus.</cd> — <col><b>Plume moth</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>any one of numerous small, slender moths, belonging to the family <i>Pterophorid&aelig;</i>. Most of them have the wings deeply divided into two or more plumelike lobes. Some species are injurious to the grapevine.</cd> — <col><b>Plume nutmeg</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>an aromatic Australian tree (<i>Atherosperma moschata</i>), whose numerous carpels are tipped with long plumose persistent styles.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Plume</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Plumed</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Pluming</u>.] [Cf. F. <i>plumer</i> to pluck, to strip, L. <i>plumare</i> to cover with feathers.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To pick and adjust the plumes or feathers of; to dress or prink.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Pluming</i> her wings among the breezy bowers.</blockquote> <i>W. Irving.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To strip of feathers; to pluck; to strip; to pillage; also, to peel.</def> [Obs.] <i>Bacon. Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To adorn with feathers or plumes.</def> "Farewell the <i>plumed</i> troop." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To pride; to vaunt; to boast; — used reflexively; as, he <i>plumes</i> himself on his skill.</def> <i>South.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Plumed adder</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>an African viper (<i>Vipera, or Clotho cornuta</i>), having a plumelike structure over each eye. It is venomous, and is related to the African puff adder. Called also <i>horned viper</i> and <i>hornsman</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Plumed partridge</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the California mountain quail (<i>Oreortyx pictus</i>). See <i>Mountain quail</i>, under <u>Mountain</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Plume"less</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Without plumes.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plume"let</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Plume</i> + <i>- let</i>.] <def>A small plume.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>When rosy <i>plumelets</i> tuft the larch.</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Plum"er*y</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Plumes, collectively or in general; plumage.</def> [R.] <i>Southey.</i></p>

<p><hw>Plu"mi*corn</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>pluma</i> feather + <i>cornu</i> horn.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>An ear tuft of feathers, as in the horned owls.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plu*mig"er*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>plumiger</i>; <i>pluma</i> a feather + <i>gerere</i> to bear.] <def>Feathered; having feathers.</def> <i>Bailey</i></p>

<p><hw>Plu*mil"i*form</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>plumula</i>, or <i>plumella</i> a little feather (dim. of <i>pluma</i> feather) + <i>-form</i>.] <def>Having the of a plume or feather.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Plu"mi*ped</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>plumipes</i>, <i>-edis</i>; <i>pluma</i> a feather + <i>pes</i>: cf. F. <i>plumip&egrave;de</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Having feet covered with feathers.</def> — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A plumiped bird.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plum"met</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>plommet</i>, OF. <i>plommet</i>, fr. <i>plom</i>, <i>plum</i>, lead, F. <i>plomb</i>. See <u>Plumb</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A piece of lead attached to a line, used in sounding the depth of water.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I'll sink him deeper than e'er <i>plummet</i> sounded.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A plumb bob or a plumb line. See under <u>Plumb</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Hence, any weight.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>A piece of lead formerly used by school children to rule paper for writing.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Plummet line</b></col>, <cd>a line with a plummet; a sounding line.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Plum"ming</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Plumb</u>.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>The operation of finding, by means of a mine dial, the place where to sink an air shaft, or to bring an adit to the work, or to find which way the lode inclines.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plum"my</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [From <u>Plum</u>.] <def>Of the nature of a plum; desirable; profitable; advantageous.</def> [Colloq.] "For the sake of getting something <i>plummy</i>." <i>G. Eliot.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Plu*mose"</hw> (?), <hw>Plu"mous</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>plumosus</i>, fr. <i>pluma</i> feather: cf. F. <i>plumeux</i>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Having feathers or plumes.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Having hairs, or other p&aacute;rts, arranged along an axis like a feather; feathery; plumelike; as, a <i>plumose</i> leaf; <i>plumose</i> tentacles.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plu"mo*site</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Min.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Jamesonite</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plu*mos"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality or state of being plumose.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plump</hw> (pl&ubreve;mp), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<pos><i>Compar.</i></pos> <u>Plumper</u> (-&etilde;r); <pos><i>superl.</i></pos> <u>Plumpest</u>.] [OE. <i>plomp</i> rude, clumsy; akin to D. <i>plomp</i>, G., Dan., & Sw. <i>plump</i>; probably of imitative origin. Cf. <u>Plump</u>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos>] <def>Well rounded or filled out; full; fleshy; fat; as, a <i>plump</i> baby; <i>plump</i> cheeks.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The god of wine did his <i>plump</i> clusters bring.</blockquote> <i>T. Carew.</i></p>

<p><hw>Plump</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A knot; a cluster; a group; a crowd; a flock; as, a <i>plump</i> of trees, fowls, or spears.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>To visit islands and the <i>plumps</i> of men.</blockquote> <i>Chapman.</i></p>

<p><hw>Plump</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [Cf. D. <i>plompen</i>, G. <i>plumpen</i>, Sw. <i>plumpa</i>, Dan. <i>plumpe</i>. See <u>Plump</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To grow plump; to swell out; as, her cheeks have <i>plumped</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To drop or fall suddenly or heavily, all at once.</def>"Dulcissa <i>plumps</i> into a chair." <i>Spectator.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To <u>give</u> a plumper. See <u>Plumper</u>, 2.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plump</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Plumped</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Plumping</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To make plump; to fill (out) or support; — often with <i>up</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>To <i>plump</i> up the hollowness of their history with improbable miracles.</blockquote> <i>Fuller.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To cast or let drop all at once, suddenly and heavily; as, to <i>plump</i> a stone into water.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To give (a vote), as a plumper. See <u>Plumper</u>, 2.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plump</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> [Cf. D. <i>plomp</i>, interj., G. <i>plump</i>, <i>plumps</i>. Cf. <u>Plump</u>, <pos><i>a. & v.</i></pos>] <def>Directly; suddenly; perpendicularly.</def> "Fall <i>plump</i>." <i>Beau. & Fl.</i></p>

<p><hw>Plump"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who, or that which, plumps or swells out something else; hence, something carried in the mouth to distend the cheeks.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(English Elections)</i> <def>A vote given to one candidate only, when two or more are to be elected, thus giving him the advantage over the others. A person who gives his vote thus is said to <i>plump</i>, or to <i>plump</i> his vote.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A voter who plumps his vote.</def> [Eng.]</p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>A downright, unqualified lie.</def> [Colloq. or Low]</p>

<p><hw>Plump"ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>Fully; roundly; plainly; without reserve.</def> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><hw>Plump"ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality or state of being plump.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plump"y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Plump; fat; sleek.</def> "<i>Plumpy</i> Bacchus." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Plu"mu*la</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> L. <plw><b>Plumule</b></plw> (#), E.<plw><b>-las</b></plw> (#). [L. See <u>Plumule</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A plumule.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A down feather.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plu`mu*la"ceous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Downy; bearing down.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plu"mu*lar</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Relating to a plumule.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Plu`mu*la"ri*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> L. <plw><b>Plumularl&aelig;</b></plw> (#), E. <plw><b>Plumularias</b></plw> (#). [NL.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any hydroid belonging to <i>Plumularia</i> and other genera of the family <i>Plumularid&aelig;</i>. They generally grow in plumelike forms.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plu`mu*la"ri*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any Plumularia. Also used adjectively.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plu"mule</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>plumula</i>, dim. of <i>pluma</i> a feather; cf. F. <i>plumule</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The first bud, or gemmule, of a young plant; the bud, or growing point, of the embryo, above the cotyledons. See <i>Illust.</i> of <u>Radicle</u>.</def> <i>Gray.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A down feather.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The aftershaft of a feather. See <i>Illust.</i> under <u>Feather</u>.</def> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <def>One of the featherlike scales of certain male butterflies.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plu"mu*lose"</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having hairs branching out laterally, like the parts of a feather.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plum"y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Covered or adorned with plumes, or as with plumes; feathery.</def> "His <i>plumy</i> crest." <i>Addison.</i> "The <i>plumy</i> trees." <i>J. S. Blackie.</i></p>

<p><hw>Plun"der</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Plundered</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Plundering</u>.] [G. <i>pl&uuml;ndern</i> to plunder, <i>plunder</i> frippery, baggage.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To take the goods of by force, or without right; to pillage; to spoil; to sack; to strip; to rob; as, to <i>plunder</i> travelers.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Nebuchadnezzar <i>plunders</i> the temple of God.</blockquote> <i>South.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To take by pillage; to appropriate forcibly; as, the enemy <i>plundered</i> all the goods they found.</def></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — To pillage; despoil; sack; rifle; strip; rob.</p>

<p><hw>Plun"der</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of plundering or pillaging; robbery. See <i>Syn.</i> of <u>Pillage</u>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Inroads and <i>plunders</i> of the Saracens.</blockquote> <i>Sir T. North.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>That which is taken by open force from an enemy; pillage; spoil; booty; also, that which is taken by theft or fraud.</def> "He shared in the <i>plunder</i>." <i>Cowper.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Personal property and effects; baggage or luggage.</def> [Slang, Southwestern U.S.]</p>

<p><hw>Plun"der*age</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Mar. Law)</i> <def>The embezzlement of goods on shipboard.</def> <i>Wharton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Plun"der*er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who plunders or pillages.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plunge</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Plunged</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Plunging</u> (?).] [OE. <i>ploungen</i>, OF. <i>plongier</i>, F. <i>plonger</i>, fr. (assumed) LL. <i>plumbicare</i>, fr. L. <i>plumbum</i> lead. See <u>Plumb</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To thrust into water, or into any substance that is penetrable; to immerse; to cause to penetrate or enter quickly and forcibly; to thrust; as, to <i>plunge</i> the body into water; to <i>plunge</i> a dagger into the breast. Also used figuratively; as, to <i>plunge</i> a nation into war.</def> "To <i>plunge</i> the boy in pleasing sleep." <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Bound and <i>plunged</i> him into a cell.</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>We shall be <i>plunged</i> into perpetual errors.</blockquote> <i>I. Watts.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To baptize by immersion.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To entangle; to embarrass; to overcome.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote><i>Plunged</i> and graveled with three lines of Seneca.</blockquote> <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Plunge</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To thrust or cast one's self into water or other fluid; to submerge one's self; to dive, or to rush in; as, he <i>plunged</i> into the river. Also used figuratively; as, to <i>plunge</i> into debt.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Forced to <i>plunge</i> naked in the raging sea.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>To <i>plunge</i> into guilt of a murther.</blockquote> <i>Tillotson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To pitch or throw one's self headlong or violently forward, as a horse does.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Some wild colt, which . . . flings and <i>plunges</i>.</blockquote> <i>Bp. Hall.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To bet heavily and with seeming recklessness on a race, or other contest; in an extended sense, to risk large sums in hazardous speculations.</def> [Cant]</p>

<p><col><b>Plunging fire</b></col> <i>(Gun.)</i>, <cd>firing directed upon an enemy from an elevated position.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Plunge</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of thrusting into or submerging; a dive, leap, rush, or pitch into, or as into, water; as, to take the water with a <i>plunge</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Hence, a desperate hazard or act; a state of being submerged or overwhelmed with difficulties.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>She was brought to that <i>plunge</i>, to conceal her husband's murder or accuse her son.</blockquote> <i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>And with thou not reach out a friendly arm,<BR> To raise me from amidst this <i>plunge</i> of sorrows?</blockquote> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>The act of pitching or throwing one's self headlong or violently forward, like an unruly horse.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Heavy and reckless betting in horse racing; hazardous speculation.</def> [Cant]</p>

<p><col><b>Plunge bath</b></col>, <cd>an immersion by plunging; also, a large bath in which the bather can wholly immerse himself.</cd> — <col><b>Plunge</b></col>, or <col><b>plunging</b></col>, <col><b>battery</b></col> <i>(Elec.)</i>, <cd>a voltaic battery so arranged that the plates can be plunged into, or withdrawn from, the exciting liquid at pleasure.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Plun"ger</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who, or that which, plunges; a diver.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A long solid cylinder, used, instead of a piston or bucket, as a forcer in pumps.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>One who bets heavily and recklessly on a race; a reckless speculator.</def> [Cant]</p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Pottery)</i> <def>A boiler in which clay is beaten by a wheel to a creamy consistence.</def> <i>Knight.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <i>(Gun.)</i> <def>The firing pin of a breechloader.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Plunger bucket</b></col>, <cd>a piston, without a valve, in a pump.</cd> — <col><b>Plunger pole</b></col>, <cd>the pump rod of a pumping engine.</cd> — <col><b>Plunger pump</b></col>, <cd>a pump, as for water, having a plunger, instead of a piston, to act upon the water. It may be single-acting or double-acting</cd></p>

<p><hw>Plun"ket</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A kind of blue color; also, anciently, a kind of cloth, generally blue.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plu"per`fect</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>plus</i> more + <i>perfectus</i> perfect; cf. F. <i>plus-que-parfait</i>, L. <i>plusquamperfectum</i>.] <def>More than perfect; past perfect; — said of the tense which denotes that an action or event was completed at or before the time of another past action or event.</def> — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The pluperfect tense; also, a verb in the pluperfect tense.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plu"ral</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>pluralis</i>, from <i>plus</i>, <i>pluris</i>, more; cf. F. <i>pluriel</i>, OF. <i>plurel</i>. See <u>Plus</u>.] <def>Relating to, or containing, more than one; designating two or more; as, a <i>plural</i> word.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Plural</i> faith, which is too much by one.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Plural number</b></col> <i>(Gram.)</i>, <cd>the number which designates more than one. See <u>Number</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, 8.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Plu"ral</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Gram.)</i> <def>The plural number; that form of a word which expresses or denotes more than one; a word in the plural form.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plu"ral*ism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The quality or state of being plural, or in the plural number.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Eccl.)</i> <def>The state of a pluralist; the holding of more than one ecclesiastical living at a time.</def> [Eng.]</p>

<p><hw>Plu"ral*ist</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Eccl.)</i> <def>A clerk or clergyman who holds more than one ecclesiastical benefice.</def> [Eng.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Of the parochial clergy, a large proportion were <i>pluralists</i>.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><hw>Plu*ral"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>pluralities</b></plw> (#). [L. <i>pluralitas</i>: cf. F. <i>pluralit&eacute;</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The state of being plural, or consisting of more than one; a number consisting of two or more of the same kind; as, a <i>plurality</i> of worlds; the <i>plurality</i> of a verb.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The greater number; a majority; also, the greatest of several numbers; in elections, the excess of the votes given for one candidate over those given for another, or for any other, candidate. When there are more than two candidates, the one who receives the <i>plurality</i> of votes may have less than a majority. See <u>Majority</u>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Take the <i>plurality</i> of the world, and they are neither wise nor good.</blockquote> <i>L'Estrange.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Eccl.)</i> <def>See <i>Plurality of benefices</i>, below.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Plurality of benefices</b></col> <i>(Eccl.)</i>, <cd>the possession by one clergyman of more than one benefice or living. Each benefice thus held is called a <i>plurality</i>.</cd> [Eng.]</p>

<p><! p. 1103 !></p>

<p><hw>Plu`ral*i*za"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The act of pluralizing.</def> <i>H. Spencer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Plu"ral*ize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Pluralized</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Pluralizing</u> (?).] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To make plural by using the plural termination; to attribute plurality to; to express in the plural form.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To multiply; to make manifold.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Plu"ral*ize</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To take a plural; to assume a plural form; as, a noun <i>pluralizes</i>.</def> <i>Earle.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Eccl.)</i> <def>To hold more than one benefice at the same time.</def> [Eng.]</p>

<p><hw>Plu"ral*i`zer</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Eccl.)</i> <def>A pluralist.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Plu"ral*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a plural manner or sense.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plu"ri-</hw> (?). [See <u>Plus</u>.] <def>A combining form from L. <i>plus</i>, <i>pluris</i>, more, many; as <i>pluri</i>literal.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Plu"ri*es</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [So called from L. <i>pluries</i> many times, often, which occurs in the first clause.] <i>(Law)</i> <def>A writ issued in the third place, after two former writs have been disregarded.</def> <i>Mozley & W.</i></p>

<p><hw>Plu`ri*fa"ri*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>plurifarius</i>, fr. L. <i>plus</i>, <i>pluris</i>, many. Cf. <u>Bifarious</u>.] <def>Of many kinds or fashions; multifarious.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plu`ri*fo"li*o*late</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Pluri- </i> + <i>foliolate</i>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Having several or many leaflets.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plu`ri*lit"er*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Pluri-</i> + <i>literal</i>.] <def>Consisting of more letters than three.</def> - - <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A pluriliteral word.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plu`ri*loc"u*lar</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Pluri-</i> + <i>locular</i>.] <def>Having several cells or loculi</def>; specifically <i>(Bot.)</i>, <def>having several divisions containing seeds; as, the lemon and the orange are <i>plurilocular</i> fruits.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Plurilocular sporangia</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>many- celled sporangia, each cell containing a single spore, as in many alg&aelig;.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Plu*rip"a*rous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Pluri-</i> + L. <i>parere</i> to bring forth.] <def>Producing several young at a birth; as, a <i>pluriparous</i> animal.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plu`ri*par"tite</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Pluri-</i> + <i>partite</i>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Deeply divided into several portions.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plu`ri*pres"ence</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Pluri-</i> + <i>presence</i>.] <def>Presence in more places than one.</def> [R.] <i>Johnson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Plu"ri*sy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>plus</i>, <i>pluris</i>, more.] <def>Superabundance; excess; plethora.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Plus</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L., more; akin to Gr. &?;, &?;, and E. <i>full</i>. See <u>Full</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>, and cf. <u>Pi&ugrave;</u>, <u>Pleonasm</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Math.)</i> <def>More, required to be added; positive, as distinguished from negative; — opposed to <i>minus</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Hence, in a literary sense, additional; real; actual.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Success goes invariably with a certain <i>plus</i> or positive power.</blockquote> <i>Emerson.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Plus sign</b></col> <i>(Math.)</i>, <cd>the sign (+) which denotes addition, or a positive quantity.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Plush</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>pluche</i>, <i>peluche</i> (cf. It. <i>peluzzo</i>), fr. L. <i>pilus</i> hair. See <u>pile</u> hair, and cf. <u>Peruke</u>.] <def>A textile fabric with a nap or shag on one side, longer and softer than the nap of velvet.</def> <i>Cowper.</i></p>

<p><hw>Plush"y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Like plush; soft and shaggy.</def> <i>H. Kingsley.</i></p>

<p><hw>Plu"tar*chy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; wealth + <i>-archy</i>.] <def>Plutocracy; the rule of wealth.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Plu"te*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to a pluteus.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Plu"te*us</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> L. <plw><b>Plutei</b></plw> (#), E. <plw><b>Pluteuses</b></plw> (#). [L., a shed.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The free-swimming larva of sea urchins and ophiurans, having several long stiff processes inclosing calcareous rods.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plu"to</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., fr. Gr. &?;.] <i>(Class. Myth.)</i> <def>The son of Saturn and Rhea, brother of Jupiter and Neptune; the dark and gloomy god of the Lower World.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Pluto monkey</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a long- tailed African monkey (<i>Cercopithecus pluto</i>), having side whiskers. The general color is black, more or less grizzled; the frontal band is white.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Plu*toc"ra*cy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;; &?; wealth + &?; to be strong, to rule, fr.&?; strength: cf. F. <i>plutocratie</i>.] <def>A form of government in which the supreme power is lodged in the hands of the wealthy classes; government by the rich; also, a controlling or influential class of rich men.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plu"to*crat</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One whose wealth gives him power or influence; one of the plutocracy.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plu`to*crat"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to plutocracy; as, <i>plutocratic</i> ideas.</def> <i>Bagehot.</i></p>

<p><hw>Plu*tol"o*gy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; wealth + <i>-logy</i>.] <def>The science which treats of wealth.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plu*to"ni*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>Plutonius</i>, Gr. &?;: cf. F. <i>plutonien</i>.] <def>Plutonic.</def> <i>Poe.</i></p>

<p><hw>Plu*to"ni*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Geol.)</i> <def>A Plutonist.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plu*ton"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>plutonique</i>. See <u>Pluto</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Of or pertaining to Pluto; Plutonian; hence, pertaining to the interior of the earth; subterranean.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Of, pertaining to, or designating, the system of the Plutonists; igneous; as, the <i>Plutonic</i> theory.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Plutonic action</b></col> <i>(Geol.)</i>, <cd>the influence of volcanic heat and other subterranean forces under pressure.</cd> — <col><b>Plutonic rocks</b></col> <i>(Geol.)</i>, <cd>granite, porphyry, and some other igneous rocks, supposed to have consolidated from a melted state at a great depth from the surface. Cf. <i>Intrusive rocks</i>, under <u>Intrusive</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Plutonic theory</b></col>. <i>(Geol.)</i> <cd>See <u>Plutonism</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Plu"to*nism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>plutonisme</i>.] <def>The theory, early advanced in geology, that the successive rocks of the earth\'b6s crust were formed by igneous fusion; — opposed to the <i>Neptunian theory</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plu"to*nist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>plutoniste</i>.] <def>One who adopts the geological theory of igneous fusion; a Plutonian. See <u>Plutonism</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plu"tus</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., fr. Gr. &?;.] <i>(Class. Myth.)</i> <def>The son of Jason and Ceres, and the god of wealth. He was represented as bearing a cornucopia, and as blind, because his gifts were bestowed without discrimination of merit.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plu"vi*al</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>pluvialis</i>, fr. <i>pluvia</i> rain: cf. F. <i>pluvial</i>. See <u>Plover</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Of or pertaining to rain; rainy.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Geol.)</i> <def>Produced by the action of rain.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plu"vi*al</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [LL. <i>pluviale</i> a garment which keeps off the rain: cf. F. <i>pluvial</i>.] <def>A priest's cope.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plu`vi*am"e*ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Pluviometer</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plu`vi*a*met"ric*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Pluviometrical</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plu"vi*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The crocodile bird.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plu`vi*om"e*ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>pluvia</i> rain + <i>-meter</i>: cf. F. <i>pluviom&egrave;tre</i>.] <def>An instrument for ascertaining the amount of rainfall at any place in a given time; a rain gauge.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plu`vi*o*met"ric*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>pluviom&eacute;trique</i>.] <def>Of or pertaining to a pluviometer; determined by a pluviometer.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Plu`vi`&ocirc;se"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. See <u>Pluvious</u>.] <def>The fifth month of the French republican calendar adopted in 1793. It began January 20, and ended February 18. See <u>Vend&eacute;miaire</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plu"vi*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>pluviosus</i>, <i>pluvius</i>, fr. <i>pluvia</i> rain: cf. F. <i>pluvieux</i>. See <u>Pluvial</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <def>Abounding in rain; rainy; pluvial.</def> <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ply</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Plied</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Plying</u> (?).] [OE. <i>plien</i>, F. <i>plier</i> to fold, to bend, fr. L. <i>plicare</i>; akin to Gr. &?;, G. <i>flechten</i>. Cf. <u>Apply</u>, <u>Complex</u>, <u>Display</u>, <u>Duplicity</u>, <u>Employ</u>, <u>Exploit</u>, <u>Implicate</u>, <u>Plait</u>, <u>Pliant</u>, <u>Flax</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To bend.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>As men may warm wax with handes <i>plie</i>.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To lay on closely, or in folds; to work upon steadily, or with repeated acts; to press upon; to urge importunately; as, to <i>ply</i> one with questions, with solicitations, or with drink.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>And <i>plies</i> him with redoubled strokes</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>He <i>plies</i> the duke at morning and at night.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To employ diligently; to use steadily.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Go <i>ply</i> thy needle; meddle not.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To practice or perform with diligence; to work at.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Their bloody task, unwearied, still they <i>ply</i>.</blockquote> <i>Waller.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ply</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To bend; to yield.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>It would rather burst atwo than <i>plye</i>.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The willow <i>plied</i>, and gave way to the gust.</blockquote> <i>L'Estrange.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To act, go, or work diligently and steadily; especially, to do something by repeated actions; to go back and forth; as, a steamer <i>plies</i> between certain ports.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Ere half these authors be read (which will soon be with <i>plying</i> hard and daily).</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>He was forced to <i>ply</i> in the streets as a porter.</blockquote> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The heavy hammers and mallets <i>plied</i>.</blockquote> <i>Longfellow.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>To work to windward; to beat.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ply</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>pli</i>, fr. <i>plier</i>. See <u>Ply</u>, <pos><i>v.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A fold; a plait; a turn or twist, as of a cord.</def> <i>Arbuthnot.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Bent; turn; direction; bias.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The late learners can not so well take the <i>ply</i>.</blockquote> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Boswell, and others of Goldsmith's contemporaries, . . . did not understand the secret <i>plies</i> of his character.</blockquote> <i>W. Irving.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The czar's mind had taken a strange <i>ply</i>, which it retained to the last.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p>&fist; <i>Ply</i> is used in composition to designate folds, or the number of webs interwoven; as, a three-<i>ply</i> carpet.</p>

<p><hw>Ply"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who, or that which, plies</def>; specifically: <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <i>pl.</i> <def>A kind of balance used in raising and letting down a drawbridge. It consists of timbers joined in the form of a St. Andrew's cross.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <i>pl.</i> <def>See <u>Pliers</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Plyght</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. & n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Plight</u>.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Plym"outh Breth"ren</hw> (?). <def>The members of a religious sect which first appeared at Plymouth, England, about 1830. They protest against sectarianism, and reject all official ministry or clergy. Also called <i>Brethren</i>, <i>Christian Brethren</i>, <i>Plymouthists</i>, etc. The <i>Darbyites</i> are a division of the Brethren.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pne*om"e*ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; to breathe + <i>-meter</i>.] <i>(Physiol.)</i> <def>A spirometer.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pneu*mat"ic</hw> (?), <hw>Pneu*mat"ic*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>pneumaticus</i>, Gr. &?;, fr. &?;, &?;, wind, air, &?; to blow, breathe; cf. OHG. <i>fnehan</i>: cf. F. <i>pneumatique</i>. Cf. <u>Pneumonia</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Consisting of, or resembling, air; having the properties of an elastic fluid; gaseous; opposed to <i>dense</i> or <i>solid</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>pneumatical</i> substance being, in some bodies, the native spirit of the body.</blockquote> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Of or pertaining to air, or to elastic fluids or their properties; pertaining to pneumatics; as, <i>pneumatic</i> experiments.</def> "<i>Pneumatical</i> discoveries." <i>Stewart.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Moved or worked by pressure or flow of air; as, a <i>pneumatic</i> instrument; a <i>pneumatic</i> engine.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>Fitted to contain air; Having cavities filled with air; as, <i>pneumatic</i> cells; <i>pneumatic</i> bones.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Pneumatic action</b></col>, or <col><b>Pneumatic lever</b></col> <i>(Mus.)</i>, <cd>a contrivance for overcoming the resistance of the keys and other movable parts in an organ, by causing compressed air from the wind chest to move them.</cd> — <col><b>Pneumatic dispatch</b></col>, <cd>a system of tubes, leading to various points, through which letters, packages, etc., are sent, by the flow and pressure of air.</cd> — <col><b>Pneumatic elevator</b></col>, <cd>a hoisting machine worked by compressed air.</cd> — <col><b>Pneumatic pile</b></col>, <cd>a tubular pile or cylinder of large diameter sunk by atmospheric pressure.</cd> — <col><b>Pneumatic pump</b></col>, <cd>an air-exhausting or forcing pump.</cd> — <col><b>Pneumatic railway</b></col>. <cd>See <i>Atmospheric railway</i>, under <u>Atmospheric</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Pneumatic syringe</b></col>, <cd>a stout tube closed at one end, and provided with a piston, for showing that the heat produced by compressing a gas will ignite substances.</cd> — <col><b>Pneumatic trough</b></col>, <cd>a trough, generally made of wood or sheet metal, having a perforated shelf, and used, when filled with water or mercury, for collecting gases in chemical operations.</cd> — <col><b>Pneumatic tube</b></col>. <cd>See <i>Pneumatic dispatch</i>, above.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pneu`ma*tic"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>The state of being pneumatic, or of having a cavity or cavities filled with air; as, the <i>pneumaticity</i> of the bones of birds.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pneu*mat"ics</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>pneumatique</i>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>That branch of science which treats of the mechanical properties of air and other elastic fluids, as of their weight, pressure, elasticity, etc. See <u>Mechanics</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Philos. & Theol.)</i> <def>The scientific study or knowledge of spiritual beings and their relations to God, angels, and men.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pneu"ma*to-</hw> (n&umacr;"m&adot;*t&osl;- <i>or</i> n&usl;*m&abreve;t"&osl;-). <def>A combining form from Gr. <grk>pney^ma</grk>, <grk>pney`matos</grk>, <i>wind</i>, <i>air</i>, <i>breath</i>, <i>respiration</i>; as, <i>pneumato</i>graph, <i>pneumato</i>logy.</def><BR> [1913 Webster]</p>

<p><hw>Pneu*mat"o*cele</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Pneumato- </i> + Gr. &?; a tumor; cf. F. <i>pneumatoc&egrave;le</i>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>A distention of the scrotum by air; also, hernia of the lungs.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pneu*mat"o*cyst</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Pneumato- </i> + <i>cyst</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A cyst or sac of a siphonophore, containing air, and serving as a float, as in Physalia.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pneu*mat"o*garm</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Pneumato- </i> + <i>-gram</i>.] <i>(Physiol.)</i> <def>A tracing of the respiratory movements, obtained by a pneumatograph or stethograph.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pneu*mat"o*graph</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Pneumato- </i> + <i>-graph</i>.] <i>(Physiol.)</i> <def>An instrument for recording the movements of the thorax or chest wall during respiration; — also called <i>stethograph</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pneu`ma*to*log"ic*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>pneumatologique</i>.] <def>Of or pertaining to pneumatology.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pneu`ma*tol"o*gist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>pneumatologiste</i>.] <def>One versed in pneumatology.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pneu`ma*tol"o*gy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Pneumato- </i> + <i>-logy</i>: cf. F. <i>pneumatologie</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The doctrine of, or a treatise on, air and other elastic fluids. See <u>Pneumatics</u>, 1.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Philos. & Theol.)</i> <def>The science of spiritual being or phenomena of any description.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pneu`ma*tom"e*ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Pneumato- </i> + <i>-meter</i>.] <i>(Physiol.)</i> <def>An instrument for measuring the amount of force exerted by the lungs in respiration.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pneu`ma*tom"e*try</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Spirometry</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pneu*mat"o*phore</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Pneumato- </i> + Gr. &?; to bear.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of the Pneumonophora.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pneu`ma*to*tho"rax</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Pneumato- </i> + <i>thorax</i>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>See <u>Pneumothorax</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pneu"mo-</hw> (?). <def>A combining form from Gr. <grk>pney`mwn</grk>, <grk>pney`monos</grk>, <i>a lung</i>; as, <i>pneumo</i>gastric, <i>pneumo</i>logy.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pneu`mo*coc"cus</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Pneumo- </u>, and <u>Coccus</u>.] <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>A form of micrococcus found in the sputum (and elsewhere) of persons suffering with pneumonia, and thought to be the cause of this disease.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pneu`mo*gas"tric</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Pneumo-</i> + <i>gastric</i>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to the lungs and the stomach.</def> — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The pneumogastric nerve.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Pneumogastric nerve</b></col> <i>(Anat.)</i>, <cd>one of the tenth pair of cranial nerves which are distributed to the pharynx, esophagus, larynx, lungs, heart, stomach, liver, and spleen, and, in fishes and many amphibia, to the branchial apparatus and also to the sides of the body.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pneu"mo*graph</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Pneumatograph</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pneu*mog"ra*phy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Pneumo-</i> + <i>-graphy</i>.] <def>A description of the lungs.</def> <i>Dunglison.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pneu*mol"o*gy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Pneumo-</i> + <i>-logy</i>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>The science which treats of the lungs.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pneu*mom"e*ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Pneumo-</i> + <i>-meter</i>.] <i>(Physiol.)</i> <def>A spirometer.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pneu*mom"e*try</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Measurement of the capacity of the lungs for air.</def> <i>Dunglison.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pneu*mo"ni*a</hw> (n&usl;*m&omacr;"n&ibreve;*&adot;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. <grk>pneymoni`a</grk>, fr. <grk>pney`mwn</grk>, pl. <grk>pney`mones</grk> the lungs, also, <grk>pley`mwn</grk>, which is perh. the original form. Cf. <u>Pneumatio</u>, <u>Pulmonary</u>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Inflammation of the lungs.</def></p>

<p>&fist; <col><b>Catarrhal pneumonia</b></col>, or <col><b>Broncho- pneumonia</b></col>, is inflammation of the lung tissue, associated with catarrh and with marked evidences of inflammation of bronchial membranes, often chronic; — also called <i>lobular pneumonia</i>, from its affecting single lobules at a time. — <col><b>Croupous pneumonia</b></col>, or ordinary pneumonia, is an acute affection characterized by sudden onset with a chill, high fever, rapid course, and sudden decline; — also called <i>lobar pneumonia</i>, from its affecting a whole lobe of the lung at once. See under <u>Croupous</u>. — <col><b>Fibroid pneumonia</b></col> is an inflammation of the interstitial connective tissue lying between the lobules of the lungs, and is very slow in its course, producing shrinking and atrophy of the lungs.</p>

<p><hw>Pneu*mon"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;: cf. F. <i>pneumonique</i>.] <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>Of or pertaining to the lungs; pulmonic.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>Of or pertaining to pneumonia; as, <i>pneumonic</i> symptoms.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pneu*mon"ic</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>A medicine for affections of the lungs.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pneu`mo*nit"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to pneumonitis.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pneu`mo*ni"tis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Pneumo-</u>, and <u>-itis</u>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Inflammation of the lungs; pneumonia.</def></p>

<p><! p. 1104 !></p>

<p><hw>Pneu`mo*nom"e*ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Pneumo-</u>, and <u>-meter</u>.] <i>(Physiol.)</i> <def>A spirometer; a pneumometer.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pneu`mo*noph"o*ra</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a lung + &?; to bear.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The division of Siphonophora which includes the Physalia and allied genera; — called also <i>Pneumatophor&aelig;</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pneu"mo*ny</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>pneumonie</i>.] <def>See <u>Pneumonia</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pneu`mo*&ouml;t"o*ka</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Pneumo-</u>, and <u>O&ouml;ticoid</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Sauropsida</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pneu*moph"o*ra</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Pneumonophora</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A division of holothurians having an internal gill, or respiratory tree.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pneu`mo*skel"e*ton</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Pneumo- </i> + <i>skeleton</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A chitinous structure which supports the gill in some invertebrates.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pneu`mo*ther"a*py</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; air + <i>therapy</i>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>The treatment of disease by inhalations of compressed or rarefied air.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pneu`mo*tho"rax</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; air + E. <i>thorax</i>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>A condition in which air or other gas is present in the cavity of the chest; — called also <i>pneumatothorax</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pni*ga"li*on</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?; nightmare, fr. &?; to throttle.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Nightmare.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pnyx</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?;.] <i>(Gr. Antiq.)</i> <def>The place at Athens where the meetings of the people were held for making decrees, etc.</def></p>

<p><hw>Po"a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?; grass.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A genus of grasses, including a great number of species, as the kinds called <i>meadow grass</i>, <i>Kentucky blue grass</i>, <i>June grass</i>, and <i>spear grass</i> (which see).</def></p>

<p><hw>Poach</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Poached</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Poaching</u>.] [F. <i>pocher</i> to place in a pocket, to poach eggs (the yolk of the egg being as it were <i>pouched</i> in the white), from <i>poche</i> pocket, pouch. See <u>Pouch</u>, <pos><i>v. & n.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To cook, as eggs, by breaking them into boiling water; also, to cook with butter after breaking in a vessel.</def> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To rob of game; to pocket and convey away by stealth, as game; hence, to plunder.</def> <i>Garth.</i></p>

<p><hw>Poach</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To steal or pocket game, or to carry it away privately, as in a bag; to kill or destroy game contrary to law, especially by night; to hunt or fish unlawfully; as, to <i>poach</i> for rabbits or for salmon.</def></p>

<p><hw>Poach</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [Cf. OF. <i>pocher</i> to thrust or dig out with the fingers, to bruise (the eyes), F. <i>pouce</i> thumb, L. <i>pollex</i>, and also E. <i>poach</i> to cook eggs, to plunder, and <i>poke</i> to thrust against.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To stab; to pierce; to spear, \as fish.</def> [Obs.] <i>Carew.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To force, drive, or plunge into anything.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>His horse <i>poching</i> one of his legs into some hollow ground.</blockquote> <i>Sir W. Temple.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To make soft or muddy by trampling</def> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To begin and not complete.</def> [Obs.] <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><hw>Poach</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To become soft or muddy.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Chalky and clay lands . . . chap in summer, and <i>poach</i> in winter.</blockquote> <i>Mortimer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Poach"ard</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From <u>Poach</u> to stab.] [Written also <i>pocard</i>, <i>pochard</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A common European duck (<i>Aythya ferina</i>); — called also <i>goldhead</i>, <i>poker</i>, and <i>fresh-water, or red-headed</i>, <i>widgeon</i>.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The American redhead, which is closely allied to the European poachard.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Red-crested poachard</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>an Old World duck (<i>Branta rufina</i>).</cd> — <col><b>Scaup poachard</b></col>, <cd>the scaup duck.</cd> — <col><b>Tufted poachard</b></col>, <cd>a scaup duck (<i>Aythya, or Fuligula cristata</i>), native of Europe and Asia.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Poach"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who poaches; one who kills or catches game or fish contrary to law.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The American widgeon.</def> [Local, U.S.]</p>

<p><col><b>Sea poacher</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the lyrie.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Poach"i*ness</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The state of being poachy; marshiness.</def></p>

<p><hw>Poach"y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See <u>Poach</u> to stab.] <def>Wet and soft; easily penetrated by the feet of cattle; — said of land</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Poak</hw>, <hw>Poake</hw> } (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Waste matter from the preparation of skins, consisting of hair, lime, oil, etc.</def></p>

<p><hw>Po"can</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The poke (<i>Phytolacca decandra</i>); — called also <i>pocan bush</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Po"chard</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>See <u>Poachard</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pock</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>pokke</i>, AS. <i>pocc</i>, <i>poc</i>; akin to D. <i>pok</i>, G. <i>pocke</i>, and perh. to E. <i>poke</i> a pocket. Cf. <u>Pox</u>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>A pustule raised on the surface of the body in variolous and vaccine diseases.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Of <i>pokkes</i> and of scab every sore.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pock"arred</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Pockmarked</u>.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Pock"-bro`ken</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Broken out, or marked, with smallpox; pock-fretten.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pock"et</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>poket</i>, Prov. F. & OF. <i>poquette</i>, F. <i>pochette</i>, dim. fr. <i>poque</i>, <i>pouque</i>, F. <i>poche</i>; probably of Teutonic origin. See <u>Poke</u> a pocket, and cf. <u>Poach</u> to cook eggs, to plunder, and <u>Pouch</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A bag or pouch; especially; a small bag inserted in a garment for carrying small articles, particularly money; hence, figuratively, money; wealth.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>One of several bags attached to a billiard table, into which the balls are driven.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A large bag or sack used in packing various articles, as ginger, hops, cowries, etc.</def></p>

<p>&fist; In the wool or hop trade, the <i>pocket</i> contains half a sack, or about 168 Ibs.; but it is a variable quantity, the articles being sold by actual weight.</p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>A hole or space covered by a movable piece of board, as in a floor, boxing, partitions, or the like.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <i>(Mining.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A cavity in a rock containing a nugget of gold, or other mineral; a small body of ore contained in such a cavity.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A hole containing water.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <i>(Nat.)</i> <def>A strip of canvas, sewn upon a sail so that a batten or a light spar can placed in the interspace.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Pouch</u>.</def></p>

<p>&fist; <i>Pocket</i> is often used adjectively, or in the formation of compound words usually of obvious signification; as, <i>pocket</i> comb, <i>pocket</i> compass, <i>pocket</i> edition, <i>pocket</i> handkerchief, <i>pocket</i> money, <i>pocket</i> picking, or <i>pocket</i>-picking, etc.</p>

<p><col><b>Out of pocket</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Out</u>, <pos><i>prep.</i></pos></cd> — <col><b>Pocket borough</b></col>, <cd>a borough "owned" by some person.</cd> See under <u>Borough</u>. [Eng.] — <col><b>Pocket gopher</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>any one of several species of American rodents of the genera <i>Geomys</i>, and <i>Thomomys</i>, family <i>Geomyd&aelig;</i>. They have large external cheek pouches, and are fossorial in their habits. they inhabit North America, from the Mississippi Valley west to the Pacific. Called also <i>pouched gopher</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Pocket mouse</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>any species of American mice of the family <i>Saccomyid&aelig;</i>. They have external cheek pouches. Some of them are adapted for leaping (genus <i>Dipadomys</i>), and are called <i>kangaroo mice</i>. They are native of the Southwestern United States, Mexico, etc.</cd> — <col><b>Pocket piece</b></col>, <cd>a piece of money kept in the pocket and not spent.</cd> — <col><b>Pocket pistol</b></col>, <cd>a pistol to be carried in the pocket.</cd> — <col><b>Pocket sheriff</b></col> <i>(Eng. Law)</i>, <cd>a sheriff appointed by the sole authority of the crown, without a nomination by the judges in the exchequer.</cd> <i>Burrill.</i> </p>

<p><hw>Pock"et</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Pocketed</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Pocketing</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To put, or conceal, in the pocket; as, to <i>pocket</i> the change.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He would <i>pocket</i> the expense of the license.</blockquote> <i>Sterne.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To take clandestinely or fraudulently.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He <i>pocketed</i> pay in the names of men who had long been dead.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><col><b>To pocket a ball</b></col> <i>(Billiards)</i>, <cd>to drive a ball into a pocket of the table.</cd> — <col><b>To pocket an insult</b></col>, <col><b>affront</b></col>, etc., <cd>to receive an affront without open resentment, or without seeking redress.</cd> "I must <i>pocket</i> up these <i>wrongs</i>." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pock"et*book`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A small book or case for carrying papers, money, etc., in the pocket; also, a notebook for the pocket.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pock"et*ful</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Pocketfuls</b></plw> (&?;). <def>As much as a pocket will hold; enough to fill a pocket; as, <i>pocketfuls</i> of chestnuts.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pock"et*knife`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>-knives</b></plw> (&?;). <def>A knife with one or more blades, which fold into the handle so as to admit of being carried in the pocket.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pock"-fret`ten</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Pockmarked</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pock"i*ness</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The state of being pocky.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pock"mark</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A mark or pit made by smallpox.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pock"marked`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Marked by smallpox; pitted.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pock"-pit`ted</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pockmarked; pitted.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pock"-pud`ding</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A bag pudding; a name of reproach or ridicule formerly applied by the Scotch to the English.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pock"wood`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [So called because formerly used as a specific for the pock.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Lignum- vit&aelig;.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pock"y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<pos><i>Compar.</i></pos> <u>Pockier</u> (?); <pos><i>superl.</i></pos> <u>Pockiest</u>.] <def>Full of pocks; affected with smallpox or other eruptive disease.</def> <i>Bp. Hall.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Po"co</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> [It.] <i>(Mus.)</i> <def>A little; — used chiefly in phrases indicating the time or movement; as, <i>poco</i> pi&ugrave; allegro, a little faster; <i>poco</i> largo, rather slow.</def></p>

<p><col><b>||Poco a poco</b></col> [It.] <i>(Mus.)</i> <cd>Little by little; as, <i>poco a poco</i> crescendo, gradually increasing in loudness.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Po"cock</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Peacock.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Po`co*cu*ran"te</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [It. <i>poco curante</i> caring little.] <def>A careless person; a trifler.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Po`co*cu*ran"tism</hw> (?). <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Carelessness; apathy; indifference.</def> [R.] <i>Carlyle.</i></p>

<p><hw>Po*co"son</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Low, wooded grounds or swamps in Eastern Maryland and Virginia.</def> [Written also <i>poquoson</i>.] <i>Washington.</i></p>

<p><hw>Poc"u*lent</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>poculentus</i>, fr. <i>poculum</i> a cup.] <def>Fit for drink.</def> [Obs.] "Some those herbs which are not esculent, are . . . <i>poculent</i>." <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><hw>Poc"u*li*form</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>poculum</i> a cup + <i>-form</i>: cf. F. <i>poculiforme</i>.] <def>Having the shape of a goblet or drinking cup.</def></p>

<p><hw>-pod</hw> (?). [See <u>Foot</u>.] <def>A combining form or suffix from Gr. <grk>poy`s</grk>, <grk>podo`s</grk>, <i>foot</i>; as, deca<i>pod</i>, an animal having ten feet; phyllo<i>pod</i>, an animal having leaflike feet; myria<i>pod</i>, hexa<i>pod</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pod</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Probably akin to <i>pudding</i>, and perhaps the same word as <i>pad</i> a cushion; cf. also Dan. <i>pude</i> pillow, cushion, and also E. <i>cod</i> a husk, pod.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A bag; a pouch.</def> [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] <i>Tusser.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A capsule of plant, especially a legume; a dry dehiscent fruit. See <i>Illust.</i> of <u>Angiospermous</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A considerable number of animals closely clustered together; — said of seals.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Pod auger</b></col>, or <col><b>pod bit</b></col>, <cd>an auger or bit the channel of which is straight instead of twisted.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pod</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Podded</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Podding</u>.] <def>To swell; to fill; also, to produce pods.</def></p>

<p><hw>-po*da</hw> (?). <def>A New Latin plural combining form or suffix from Gr. &?;, &?;, <i>foot</i>; as, hexa<i>poda</i>, myria<i>poda</i>. See <u>-pod</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pod"a*gra</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. See <u>Podagric</u>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Gout in the joints of the foot; - - applied also to gout in other parts of body.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Po*dag"ric</hw> (?), <hw>Po*dag"ric*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>podagricus</i>, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; gout in the feet; &?;, &?;, Foot + &?; a catching.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Pertaining to the gout; gouty; caused by gout.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Afflicted with gout.</def> <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pod"a*grous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Gouty; podagric.</def></p>

<p><hw>Po*dal"gi*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, &?;, foot + &?; pain.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>pain in the foot, due to gout, rheumatism, etc.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Po*dar"thrum</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Podarthra</b></plw> (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, &?;, foot + &?; joint.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>The foot joint; in birds, the joint between the metatarsus and the toes.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pod"ded</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having pods.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pod"der</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who collects pods or pulse.</def></p>

<p><hw>Po*des"ta</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [It. <i>podest&agrave;</i>, fr. L. <i>potestas</i> power, magistracy. See <u>Potent</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One of the chief magistrates of the Italian republics in the Middle Ages.</def> <i>Brande & C.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A mayor, alderman, or other magistrate, in some towns of Italy.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Po*de"ti*um</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Podetia</b></plw> (#), E. <plw><b>Podetiums</b></plw> (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, &?;, foot.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A stalk which bears the fructification in some lichens, as in the so-called reindeer moss.</def></p>

<p><hw>Podge</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. G. <i>patsche</i> puddle, mire.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A puddle; a plash.</def> <i>Skinner.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Porridge.</def> [Prov. Eng.] <i>Halliwell.</i></p>

<p><hw>Podg"y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Fat and short; pudgy.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pod"i*cal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>podex</i>, <i>podicis</i>, the anus.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Anal; — applied to certain organs of insects.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pod"i*ceps</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. L. <i>podex</i>, <i>podicis</i>, anus + <i>pes</i> foot.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>See <u>Grebe</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Po"di*um</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Podia</b></plw> (#). [L., fr. Gr. &?;, dim. of &?;, &?;, foot. See <u>Pew</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>A low wall, serving as a foundation, a substructure, or a terrace wall.</def> It is especially employed by arch&aelig;ologists in two senses: <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The dwarf wall surrounding the arena of an amphitheater, from the top of which the seats began.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The masonry under the stylobate of a temple, sometimes a mere foundation, sometimes containing chambers.</def> See <i>Illust.</i> of <u>Column</u>.</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The foot.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pod"ley</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A young coalfish.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pod"o-</hw> (?). [See <u>Foot</u>.] <def>A combining form or prefix from Gr. <grk>poy`s</grk>, <grk>podo`s</grk>, <i>foot</i>; as, <i>podo</i>carp, <i>podo</i>cephalous, <i>podo</i>logy.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pod"o*branch</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Podo-</u>, and <u>Branchia</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of the branchi&aelig; attached to the bases of the legs in Crustacea.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pod`o*bran"chi*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Podobranchi&aelig;</b></plw> (-&emacr;). [NL.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Podobranch</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pod"o*carp</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Podo-</i> + Gr. <grk>karpo`s</grk> fruit.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A stem, or footstalk, supporting the fruit.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pod`o*ceph"a*lous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Podo-</i> + Gr. &?; head.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Having a head of flowers on a long peduncle, or footstalk.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pod`o*gyn"i*um</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. <grk>poy`s</grk>, <grk>podo`s</grk>, foot + <grk>gynh`</grk> woman.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Basigynium</u></def></p>

<p><hw>||Pod`oph*thal"mi*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Podophthalmic</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The stalk-eyed Crustacea, — an order of Crustacea having the eyes supported on movable stalks. It includes the crabs, lobsters, and prawns. Called also <i>Podophthalmata</i>, and <i>Decapoda</i>.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pod`oph*thal"mic</hw> (?), <hw>Pod`oph*thal"mous</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Podo-</i> + Gr. &?; an eye.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>Having the eyes on movable footstalks, or pedicels.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>Of or pertaining to the Podophthalmia.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pod`oph*thal"mite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The eyestalk of a crustacean.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pod`o*phyl"lin</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From <u>Podophyllum</u>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A brown bitter gum extracted from the rootstalk of the May apple (<i>Podophyllum peltatum</i>). It is a complex mixture of several substances.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pod`o*phyl"lous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Having thin, flat, leaflike locomotive organs.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Pertaining to, or composing, the layer of tissue, made up of lamin&aelig;, beneath a horse's hoof.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pod`o*phyl"lum</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. <grk>poy`s</grk>, <grk>podo`s</grk>, foot + &?; leaf.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A genus of herbs of the Barberry family, having large palmately lobed peltate leaves and solitary flower. There are two species, the American <i>Podohyllum peltatum</i>, or May apple, the Himalayan <i>P. Emodi</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>The rhizome and rootlet of the May apple (<i>Podophyllum peltatum</i>), — used as a cathartic drug.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pod"o*scaph</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Podo-</i> + Gr. &?; boat.] <def>A canoe-shaped float attached to the foot, for walking on water.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pod"o*sperm</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Podo-</i> + Gr. &?; seed: cf. F. <i>podosperme</i>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The stalk of a seed or ovule.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pod`o*stom"a*ta</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. <grk>poy`s</grk>, <grk>podo`s</grk>, foot + &?;, &?;, mouth.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>An order of Bryozoa of which Rhabdopleura is the type. See <u>Rhabdopleura</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pod`o*the"ca</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Podothec&aelig;</b></plw> (#). [NL., fr. Gr. <grk>poy`s</grk>, <grk>podo`s</grk>, foot + &?; case.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The scaly covering of the foot of a bird or reptile.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Po*dri"da</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Sp., rotten.] <def>A miscellaneous dish of meats. See <u>Olla-podrida</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Po*du"ra</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> L. <plw><b>Podur&aelig;</b></plw> (#), E. <plw><b>Poduras</b></plw> (#). [NL.; Gr. <grk>poy`s</grk>, <grk>podo`s</grk>, foot + &?; tail.] <def>Any small leaping thysanurous insect of the genus <i>Podura</i> and related genera; a springtail.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Podura scale</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>one of the minute scales with which the body of a podura is covered. They are used as test objects for the microscope.</cd></p>

<p><! p. 1105 !></p>

<p><hw>Po*du"rid</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any species of <i>Podura</i> or allied genera.</def> — <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pertaining to the poduras.</def></p>

<p><hw>Po"e</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Poi</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Po"e*bird`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The parson bird.</def></p>

<p><hw>P&oelig;"ci*le</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Poicile</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>P&oelig;`ci*lit"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>poiki`los</grk> many-colored, variegated.] <i>(Geol.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>Mottled with various colors; variegated; spotted; — said of certain rocks.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>Specifically: Of or pertaining to, or characterizing, Triassic and Permian sandstones of red and other colors.</def> [Also written <i>poikilitic</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>P&oelig;*cil"o*pod</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>p&oelig;cilopode</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of the P&oelig;cilopoda. Also used adjectively.</def></p>

<p><hw>||P&oelig;`ci*lop"o*da</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?; variegated, manifold + <i>-poda</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>Originally, an artificial group including many parasitic Entomostraca, together with the horseshoe crabs (<i>Limuloidea</i>).</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>By some recent writers applied to the Merostomata.</def></p>

<p><hw>Po"em</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>po&euml;ma</i>, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to make, to compose, to write, especially in verse: cf. F. <i>po&euml;me</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A metrical composition; a composition in verse written in certain measures, whether in blank verse or in rhyme, and characterized by imagination and poetic diction; — contradistinguished from <i>prose</i>; as, the <i>poems</i> of Homer or of Milton.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A composition, not in verse, of which the language is highly imaginative or impassioned; as, a prose <i>poem</i>; the <i>poems</i> of Ossian.</def></p>

<p><hw>Po`em*at"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;.] <def>Pertaining to a poem, or to poetry; poetical.</def> [R.] <i>Coleridge.</i></p>

<p><hw>Po*e"na*mu</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Min.)</i> <def>A variety of jade or nephrite, — used in New Zealand for the manufacture of axes and weapons.</def></p>

<p><hw>P&oelig;*nol"o*gy</hw> (p&esl;*n&obreve;l"&osl;*j&ybreve;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Penology</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Po*eph"a*ga</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. <grk>pohfa`gos</grk> grass eating; <grk>po`a</grk> grass + <grk>fagei^n</grk> to eat.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A group of herbivorous marsupials including the kangaroos and their allies.</def> — <wf>Po*eph"a*gous</wf> (#), <pos><i>a.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Po"e*sy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>po&eacute;sie</i> (cf. It. <i>poesia</i>), L. <i>poesis</i>, from Gr. &?;. from &?; to make. Cf. <u>Posy</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The art of composing poems; poetical skill or faculty; as, the heavenly gift of <i>poesy</i>.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Poetry; metrical composition; poems.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Music and <i>poesy</i> used to quicken you.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A short conceit or motto engraved on a ring or other thing; a posy.</def> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><hw>Po"et</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>po&euml;te</i>, L. <i>po&euml;ta</i>, fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to make. Cf. <u>Poem</u>.] <def>One skilled in making poetry; one who has a particular genius for metrical composition; the author of a poem; an imaginative thinker or writer.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>poet's</i> eye, in a fine frenzy rolling,<BR> Doth glance from heaven to earth, from earth to heaven.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>A <i>poet</i> is a maker, as the word signifies.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Poet laureate</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Laureate</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Po"et*as`ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>An inferior rhymer, or writer of verses; a dabbler in poetic art.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The talk of forgotten <i>poetasters</i>.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><hw>Po"et*as`try</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The works of a poetaster.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Po"et*ess</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>po&eacute;tesse</i>.] <def>A female poet.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Po*et"ic</hw> (?), <hw>Po*et"ic*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>po&euml;ticus</i>, Gr. &?;: cf. F. <i>po&eacute;tiquee</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Of or pertaining to poetry; suitable for poetry, or for writing poetry; as, <i>poetic</i> talent, theme, work, sentiments.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Expressed in metrical form; exhibiting the imaginative or the rhythmical quality of poetry; as, a <i>poetical</i> composition; <i>poetical</i> prose.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Poetic license</b></col>. <cd>See <u>License</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, 4.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Po*et"ic*al*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a poetic manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Po*et"ics</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>po&eacute;tique</i>, L. <i>po&euml;tica</i>, <i>po&euml;tice</i>, Gr. &?; (sc. &?;.] <def>The principles and rules of the art of poetry.</def> <i>J. Warton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Po*et"i*cule</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A poetaster.</def> <i>Swinburne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Po"et*ize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Poetized</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Poetizing</u>.] [Cf. F. <i>po&eacute;tiser</i>.] <def>To write as a poet; to compose verse; to idealize.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I versify the truth, not <i>poetize</i>.</blockquote> <i>Donne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Po"et*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>poeterie</i>. See <u>Poet</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The art of apprehending and interpreting ideas by the faculty of imagination; the art of idealizing in thought and in expression.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>For <i>poetry</i> is the blossom and the fragrance of all human knowledge, human thoughts, human passions, emotions, language.</blockquote> <i>Coleridge.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Imaginative language or composition, whether expressed rhythmically or in prose. Specifically: Metrical composition; verse; rhyme; poems collectively; as, heroic <i>poetry</i>; dramatic <i>poetry</i>; lyric or Pindaric <i>poetry</i>.</def> "The planetlike music of <i>poetry</i>." <i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>She taketh most delight<BR> In music, instruments, and <i>poetry</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Po"et*ship</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The state or personality of a poet.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Pog"gy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>See <u>Porgy</u>.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A small whale.</def></p>

<p><hw>Po"gy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The menhaden.</def></p>

<p>&fist; <i>Pogy</i> is often confounded with <i>porgy</i>, and therefore incorrectly applied to various fishes.</p>

<p><hw>Poh</hw> (?), <pos><i>interj.</i></pos> <def>An exclamation expressing contempt or disgust; bah !</def></p>

<p><hw>Po*ha"gen</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>See <u>Pauhaugen</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Po"i</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A national food of the Hawaiians, made by baking and pounding the kalo (or taro) root, and reducing it to a thin paste, which is allowed to ferment.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Poi"ci*le</hw> (?), or <hw>P&oelig;"ci*le</hw> (?) }, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?; (sc. &?;); cf. L. <i>poecile</i>.] <def>The frescoed porch or gallery in Athens where Zeno taught.</def> <i>R. Browning.</i></p>

<p><hw>Poign"an*cy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality or state of being poignant; as, the <i>poignancy</i> of satire; the <i>poignancy</i> of grief.</def> <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><hw>Poign"ant</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [F., p. pr. of <i>poindre</i> to sting, fr. L. <i>pungere</i> to prick, sting. See <u>Pungent</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Pricking; piercing; sharp; pungent.</def> "His <i>poignant</i> spear." <i>Spenser.</i> "<i>Poynaunt</i> sauce." <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Fig.: Pointed; keen; satirical.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>His wit . . . became more lively and <i>poignant</i>.</blockquote> <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><hw>Poign"ant*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a poignant manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Poi`ki*lit"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Geol.)</i> <def>See <u>P&oelig;cilitic</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Poi"ki*lo*cyte</hw> (poi"k&ibreve;*l&osl;*s&imacr;t), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>poiki`los</grk> diversified, changeable + <grk>ky`tos</grk> hollow vessel.] <i>(Physiol.)</i> <def>An irregular form of corpuscle found in the blood in cases of profound an&aelig;mia, probably a degenerated red blood corpuscle.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Poi`ki*lo*ther"mal</hw> (-th&etilde;r"m<i>a</i>l), <hw>Poi`ki*lo*ther"mic</hw> (-th&etilde;r"m&ibreve;k), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>poiki`los</grk> changeable + E. <i>thermal</i>, <i>thermic</i>.] <i>(Physiol.)</i> <def>Having a varying body temperature. See <u>Homoiothermal</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Poi`ki*lo*ther"mous</hw> (-m&ubreve;s), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Physiol.)</i> <def>Poikilothermal.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Poin`ci*a"na</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL. Named after M. de <i>Poinci</i>, a governor of the French West Indies.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A prickly tropical shrub (<i>C&aelig;salpinia, formerly Poinciana, pulcherrima</i>), with bipinnate leaves, and racemes of showy orange-red flowers with long crimson filaments.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The genus <i>Poinciana</i> is kept up for three trees of Eastern Africa, the Mascarene Islands, and India.</p>

<p><hw>Poind</hw> (poind), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [See <u>Pound</u> to confine.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To impound, as cattle.</def> [Obs. or Scot.] <i>Flavel.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To distrain.</def> [Scot.] <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><hw>Poind"er</hw> (-&etilde;r), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The keeper of a cattle pound; a pinder.</def> [Obs. or Scot.] <i>T. Adams.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>One who distrains property.</def> [Scot.] <i>Jamieson.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Poin*set"ti*a</hw> (poin*s&ebreve;t"t&ibreve;*&adot;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL. Named after Joel R. <i>Poinsett</i> of South Carolina.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A Mexican shrub (<i>Euphorbia pulcherrima</i>) with very large and conspicuous vermilion bracts below the yellowish flowers.</def></p>

<p><hw>Point</hw> (point), <pos><i>v. t. & i.</i></pos> <def>To appoint.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Point</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>point</i>, and probably also <i>pointe</i>, L. <i>punctum</i>, <i>puncta</i>, fr. <i>pungere</i>, <i>punctum</i>, to prick. See <u>Pungent</u>, and cf. <u>Puncto</u>, <u>Puncture</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>That which pricks or pierces; the sharp end of anything, esp. the sharp end of a piercing instrument, as a needle or a pin.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>An instrument which pricks or pierces, as a sort of needle used by engravers, etchers, lace workers, and others; also, a pointed cutting tool, as a stone cutter's <i>point</i>; — called also <i>pointer</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Anything which tapers to a sharp, well- defined termination. Specifically: A small promontory or cape; a tract of land extending into the water beyond the common shore line.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>The mark made by the end of a sharp, piercing instrument, as a needle; a prick.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>An indefinitely small space; a mere spot indicated or supposed. Specifically: <i>(Geom.)</i> That which has neither parts nor magnitude; that which has position, but has neither length, breadth, nor thickness, — sometimes conceived of as the limit of a line; that by the motion of which a line is conceived to be produced.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>An indivisible portion of time; a moment; an instant; hence, the verge.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>When time's first <i>point</i> begun<BR> Made he all souls.</blockquote> <i>Sir J. Davies.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <def>A mark of punctuation; a character used to mark the divisions of a composition, or the pauses to be observed in reading, or to point off groups of figures, etc.; a stop, as a comma, a semicolon, and esp. a period; hence, figuratively, an end, or conclusion.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>And there a <i>point</i>, for ended is my tale.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Commas and <i>points</i> they set exactly right.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>8.</b></sn> <def>Whatever serves to mark progress, rank, or relative position, or to indicate a transition from one state or position to another, degree; step; stage; hence, position or condition attained; as, a <i>point</i> of elevation, or of depression; the stock fell off five <i>points</i>; he won by ten<i>points</i>.</def> "A <i>point</i> of precedence." <i>Selden.</i> "Creeping on from <i>point</i> to <i>point</i>." <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>A lord full fat and in good <i>point</i>.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>9.</b></sn> <def>That which arrests attention, or indicates qualities or character; a salient feature; a characteristic; a peculiarity; hence, a particular; an item; a detail; as, the good or bad <i>points</i> of a man, a horse, a book, a story, etc.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He told him, <i>point</i> for <i>point</i>, in short and plain.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>In <i>point</i> of religion and in <i>point</i> of honor.</blockquote> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Shalt thou dispute<BR> With Him the <i>points</i> of liberty ?</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>10.</b></sn> <def>Hence, the most prominent or important feature, as of an argument, discourse, etc.; the essential matter; esp., the proposition to be established; as, the <i>point</i> of an anecdote.</def> "Here lies the <i>point</i>." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>They will hardly prove his <i>point</i>.</blockquote> <i>Arbuthnot.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>11.</b></sn> <def>A small matter; a trifle; a least consideration; a punctilio.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>This fellow doth not stand upon <i>points</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>[He] cared not for God or man a <i>point</i>.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>12.</b></sn> <i>(Mus.)</i> <def>A dot or mark used to designate certain tones or time</def>; as: <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <i>(Anc. Mus.)</i> <def>A dot or mark distinguishing or characterizing certain tones or styles; as, <i>points</i> of perfection, of augmentation, etc.; hence, a note; a tune.</def> "Sound the trumpet - - not a levant, or a flourish, but a <i>point</i> of war." <i>Sir W. Scott.</i> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <i>(Mod. Mus.)</i> <def>A dot placed at the right hand of a note, to raise its value, or prolong its time, by one half, as to make a whole note equal to three half notes, a half note equal to three quarter notes.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>13.</b></sn> <i>(Astron.)</i> <def>A fixed conventional place for reference, or zero of reckoning, in the heavens, usually the intersection of two or more great circles of the sphere, and named specifically in each case according to the position intended; as, the equinoctial <i>points</i>; the solstitial <i>points</i>; the nodal <i>points</i>; vertical <i>points</i>, etc. See <u>Equinoctial Nodal</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>14.</b></sn> <i>(Her.)</i> <def>One of the several different parts of the escutcheon. See <u>Escutcheon</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>15.</b></sn> <i>(Naut.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>One of the points of the compass (see <i>Points of the compass</i>, below); also, the difference between two points of the compass; as, to fall off a <i>point</i>.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A short piece of cordage used in reefing sails. See <i>Reef point</i>, under <u>Reef</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>16.</b></sn> <i>(Anc. Costume)</i> <def>A a string or lace used to tie together certain parts of the dress.</def> <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>17.</b></sn> <def>Lace wrought the needle; as, <i>point</i> de Venise; Brussels <i>point</i>. See <i>Point lace</i>, below.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>18.</b></sn> <i>pl.</i> <i>(Railways)</i> <def>A switch.</def> [Eng.]</p>

<p><sn><b>19.</b></sn> <def>An item of private information; a hint; a tip; a pointer.</def> [Cant, U. S.]</p>

<p><sn><b>20.</b></sn> <i>(Cricket)</i> <def>A fielder who is stationed on the off side, about twelve or fifteen yards from, and a little in advance of, the batsman.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>21.</b></sn> <def>The attitude assumed by a pointer dog when he finds game; as, the dog came to a <i>point</i>. See <u>Pointer</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>22.</b></sn> <i>(Type Making)</i> <def>A standard unit of measure for the size of type bodies, being one twelfth of the thickness of pica type. See <i>Point system of type</i>, under <u>Type</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>23.</b></sn> <def>A tyne or snag of an antler.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>24.</b></sn> <def>One of the spaces on a backgammon board.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>25.</b></sn> <i>(Fencing)</i> <def>A movement executed with the saber or foil; as, tierce <i>point</i>.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The word <i>point</i> is a general term, much used in the sciences, particularly in mathematics, mechanics, perspective, and physics, but generally either in the geometrical sense, or in that of degree, or condition of change, and with some accompanying descriptive or qualifying term, under which, in the vocabulary, the specific uses are explained; as, boiling <i>point</i>, carbon <i>point</i>, dry <i>point</i>, freezing <i>point</i>, melting <i>point</i>, vanishing <i>point</i>, etc.</p>

<p><col><b>At all points</b></col>, <cd>in every particular, completely; perfectly.</cd> <i>Shak.</i> — <col><b>At point</b></col>, <col><b>In point</b></col>, <col><b>At</b></col>, <col><b>In</b></col>, or On, <col><b>the point</b></col>, <cd>as near as can be; on the verge; about (see <u>About</u>, <pos><i>prep.</i></pos>, 6); as, <i>at the point</i> of death; he was <i>on the point</i> of speaking.</cd> "<i>In point</i> to fall down." <i>Chaucer.</i> "Caius Sidius Geta, <i>at point</i> to have been taken, recovered himself so valiantly as brought day on his side." <i>Milton.</i> — <col><b>Dead point</b></col>. <i>(Mach.)</i> <cd>Same as <i>Dead center</i>, under <u>Dead</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Far point</b></col> <i>(Med.)</i>, <cd>in ophthalmology, the farthest point at which objects are seen distinctly. In normal eyes the nearest point at which objects are seen distinctly; either with the two eyes together (<i>binocular near point</i>), or with each eye separately (<i>monocular near point</i>).</cd> — <col><b>Nine points of the law</b></col>, <cd>all but the tenth point; the greater weight of authority.</cd> — <col><b>On the point</b></col>. <cd>See <i>At point</i>, above.</cd> — <col><b>Point lace</b></col>, <cd>lace wrought with the needle, as distinguished from that made on the pillow.</cd> — <col><b>Point net</b></col>, <cd>a machine-made lace imitating a kind of Brussels lace (Brussels ground).</cd> — <col><b>Point of concurrence</b></col> <i>(Geom.)</i>, <cd>a point common to two lines, but not a point of tangency or of intersection, as, for instance, that in which a cycloid meets its base.</cd> — <col><b>Point of contrary flexure</b></col>, <cd>a point at which a curve changes its direction of curvature, or at which its convexity and concavity change sides.</cd> — <col><b>Point of order</b></col>, <cd>in parliamentary practice, a question of order or propriety under the rules.</cd> — <col><b>Point of sight</b></col> <i>(Persp.)</i>, <cd>in a perspective drawing, the point assumed as that occupied by the eye of the spectator.</cd> — <col><b>Point of view</b></col>, <cd>the relative position from which anything is seen or any subject is considered.</cd> — <col><b>Points of the compass</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>the thirty-two points of division of the compass card in the mariner's compass; the corresponding points by which the circle of the horizon is supposed to be divided, of which the four marking the directions of east, west, north, and south, are called <i>cardinal points</i>, and the rest are named from their respective directions, as N. by E., N. N. E., N. E. by N., N. E., etc. See <i>Illust.</i> under <u>Compass</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Point paper</b></col>, <cd>paper pricked through so as to form a stencil for transferring a design.</cd> — <col><b>Point system of type</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Type</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Singular point</b></col> <i>(Geom.)</i>, <cd>a point of a curve which possesses some property not possessed by points in general on the curve, as a cusp, a point of inflection, a node, etc.</cd> — <col><b>To carry one's point</b></col>, <cd>to accomplish one's object, as in a controversy.</cd> — <col><b>To make a point of</b></col>, <cd>to attach special importance to.</cd> — <col><b>To make</b></col>, or <col><b>gain</b></col>, <col><b>a point</b></col>, <cd>accomplish that which was proposed; also, to make advance by a step, grade, or position.</cd> — <col><b>To mark</b></col>, or <col><b>score</b></col>, <col><b>a point</b></col>, <cd>as in billiards, cricket, etc., to note down, or to make, a successful hit, run, etc.</cd> — <col><b>To strain a point</b></col>, <cd>to go beyond the proper limit or rule; to stretch one's authority or conscience.</cd> — <col><b>Vowel point</b></col>, <cd>in Hebrew, and certain other Eastern and ancient languages, a mark placed above or below the consonant, or attached to it, representing the vowel, or vocal sound, which precedes or follows the consonant.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Point</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Pointed</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Pointing</u>.] [Cf. F. <i>pointer</i>. See <u>Point</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To give a point to; to sharpen; to cut, forge, grind, or file to an acute end; as, to <i>point</i> a dart, or a pencil. Used also figuratively; as, to <i>point</i> a moral.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To direct toward an abject; to aim; as, to <i>point</i> a gun at a wolf, or a cannon at a fort.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Hence, to direct the attention or notice of.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Whosoever should be guided through his battles by Minerva, and <i>pointed</i> to every scene of them.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To supply with punctuation marks; to punctuate; as, to <i>point</i> a composition.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>To mark (as Hebrew) with vowel points.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>To give particular prominence to; to designate in a special manner; to indicate, as if by pointing; as, the error was <i>pointed</i> out.</def> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>He <i>points</i> it, however, by no deviation from his straightforward manner of speech.</blockquote> <i>Dickens.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <def>To indicate or discover by a fixed look, as game.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>8.</b></sn> <i>(Masonry)</i> <def>To fill up and finish the joints of (a wall), by introducing additional cement or mortar, and bringing it to a smooth surface.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>9.</b></sn> <i>(Stone Cutting)</i> <def>To cut, as a surface, with a pointed tool.</def></p>

<p><col><b>To point a rope</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>to taper and neatly finish off the end by interweaving the nettles.</cd> — <col><b>To point a sail</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>to affix points through the eyelet holes of the reefs.</cd> — <col><b>To point off</b></col>, <cd>to divide into periods or groups, or to separate, by pointing, as figures.</cd> — <col><b>To point the yards</b></col> (of a vessel) <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>to brace them so that the wind shall strike the sails obliquely.</cd> <i>Totten.</i></p>

<p><! p. 1106 !></p>

<p><hw>Point</hw> (point), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To direct the point of something, as of a finger, for the purpose of designating an object, and attracting attention to it; — with <i>at</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Now must the world <i>point</i> at poor Katharine.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Point</i> at the tattered coat and ragged shoe.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To indicate the presence of game by fixed and steady look, as certain hunting dogs do.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He treads with caution, and he <i>points</i> with fear.</blockquote> <i>Gay.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>To approximate to the surface; to head; — said of an abscess.</def></p>

<p><col><b>To point at</b></col>, <cd>to treat with scorn or contempt by pointing or directing attention to.</cd> — <col><b>To point well</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>to sail close to the wind; — said of a vessel.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Point"al</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From <u>Point</u>: cf. F. <i>pointal</i> an upright wooden prop, OF. <i>pointille</i> a prick or prickle.] </p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The pistil of a plant.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A kind of pencil or style used with the tablets of the Middle Ages.</def> "A pair of tablets [<i>i. e.</i>, tablets] . . . and a <i>pointel</i>." <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>See <u>Poyntel</u>.</def> [Obs. or R.]</p>

<p><hw>Point`-blank"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>point</i> point + <i>blanc</i> white.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The white spot on a target, at which an arrow or other missile is aimed.</def> [Obs.] <i>Jonson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Mil.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>With all small arms, the second point in which the natural line of sight, when horizontal, cuts the trajectory.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>With artillery, the point where the projectile first strikes the horizontal plane on which the gun stands, the axis of the piece being horizontal.</def></p>

<p><hw>Point`-blank"</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Directed in a line toward the object aimed at; aimed directly toward the mark.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Hence, direct; plain; unqualified; — said of language; as, a <i>point-blank</i> assertion.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Point-blank range</b></col>, <cd>the extent of the apparent right line of a ball discharged.</cd> — <col><b>Point-blank shot</b></col>, <cd>the shot of a gun pointed directly toward the object to be hit.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Point`-blank"</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a point- blank manner.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>To sin <i>point-blank</i> against God's word.</blockquote> <i>Fuller.</i></p>

<p> <hw>Point` d'ap`pui"</hw> (?). [F.] <i>(Mil.)</i> <def>See under <u>Appui</u>.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Point`-de*vice"</hw>, <hw>Point`-de*vise"</hw> } (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [OE. <i>at point devis</i>; <i>at</i> at + <i>point</i> point, condition + <i>devis</i> exact, careful, OF. <i>devis</i> fixed, set. See <u>Device</u>.] <def>Uncommonly nice and exact; precise; particular.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>You are rather <i>point-devise</i> in your accouterments.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Thus he grew up, in logic <i>point-devise</i>,<BR> Perfect in grammar, and in rhetoric nice.</blockquote> <i>Longfellow.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Point`-de*vice"</hw>, <hw>Point`-de*vise"</hw>, } <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>Exactly.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Point"ed</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Sharp; having a sharp point; as, a <i>pointed</i> rock.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Characterized by sharpness, directness, or pithiness of expression; terse; epigrammatic; especially, directed to a particular person or thing.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>His moral pleases, not his <i>pointed</i> wit.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Pointed arch</b></col> <i>(Arch.)</i>, <cd>an arch with a pointed crown.</cd> — <col><b>Pointed style</b></col> <i>(Arch.)</i>, <cd>a name given to that style of architecture in which the pointed arch is the predominant feature; — more commonly called <i>Gothic</i>.</cd></p>

<p> — <wf>Point"ed*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Point"ed*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Point"el</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From <u>Point</u>. Cf. <u>Pointal</u>.] <def>See <u>Pointal</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Point"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who, or that which, points.</def> Specifically: <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The hand of a timepiece.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of a breed of dogs trained to stop at scent of game, and with the nose point it out to sportsmen.</def> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <i>pl.</i> <i>(Astron.)</i> <def>The two stars (Merak and Dubhe) in the Great Bear, the line between which points nearly in the direction of the north star.</def> See <i>Illust.</i> of <u>Ursa Major</u>. <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <i>pl.</i> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>Diagonal braces sometimes fixed across the hold.</def></p>

<p><hw>Point"ing</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of sharpening.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The act of designating, as a position or direction, by means of something pointed, as a finger or a rod.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>The act or art of punctuating; punctuation.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>The act of filling and finishing the joints in masonry with mortar, cement, etc.; also, the material so used.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>The rubbing off of the point of the wheat grain in the first process of high milling.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <i>(Sculpt.)</i> <def>The act or process of measuring, at the various distances from the surface of a block of marble, the surface of a future piece of statuary; also, a process used in cutting the statue from the artist's model.</def></p>

<p><hw>Point`ing*stock`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>An object of ridicule or scorn; a laughingstock.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Point"less</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having no point; blunt; wanting keenness; obtuse; as, a <i>pointless</i> sword; a <i>pointless</i> remark.</def></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Blunt; obtuse, dull; stupid.</p>

<p><hw>Point"less*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>Without point.</def></p>

<p><hw>Point"let*ed</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Having a small, distinct point; apiculate.</def> <i>Henslow.</i></p>

<p><hw>Poin"trel</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A graving tool.</def> <i>Knight.</i></p>

<p><hw>Points"man</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>- men</b></plw> (-m<i>e</i>n). <def>A man who has charge of railroad points or switches.</def> [Eng.]</p>

<p><hw>Poise</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>pois</i>, <i>peis</i>, OF. <i>pois</i>, <i>peis</i>, F. <i>poids</i>, fr. L. <i>pensum</i> a portion weighed out, <i>pendere</i> to weigh, weigh out. Cf. <u>Avoirdupois</u>, <u>Pendant</u>, <u>Poise</u>, <pos><i>v.</i></pos>] [Formerly written also <i>peise</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Weight; gravity; that which causes a body to descend; heaviness.</def> "Weights of an extraordinary <i>poise</i>." <i>Evelyn.</i> </p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The weight, or mass of metal, used in weighing, to balance the substance weighed.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>The state of being balanced by equal weight or power; equipoise; balance; equilibrium; rest.</def> <i>Bentley.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>That which causes a balance; a counterweight.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Men of unbounded imagination often want the <i>poise</i> of judgment.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Poise</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Poised</u>, (&?;); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Poising</u>.] [OE. <i>poisen</i>, <i>peisen</i>, OF. & F. <i>peser</i>, to weigh, balance, OF. il <i>peise</i>, il <i>poise</i>, he weighs, F. il <i>p&egrave;se</i>, fr. L. <i>pensare</i>, v. intens. fr. <i>pendere</i> to weigh. See <u>Poise</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, and cf. <u>Pensive</u>.] [Formerly written also <i>peise</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To balance; to make of equal weight; as, to <i>poise</i> the scales of a balance.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To hold or place in equilibrium or equiponderance.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Nor yet was earth suspended in the sky;<BR> Nor <i>poised</i>, did on her own foundation lie.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To counterpoise; to counterbalance.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>One scale of reason to <i>poise</i> another of sensuality.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>To <i>poise</i> with solid sense a sprightly wit.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To ascertain, as by the balance; to weigh.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He can not sincerely consider the strength, <i>poise</i> the weight, and discern the evidence.</blockquote> <i>South.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>To weigh (down); to oppress.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Lest leaden slumber <i>peise</i> me down to- morrow.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Poise</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To hang in equilibrium; to be balanced or suspended; hence, to be in suspense or doubt.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The slender, graceful spars<BR> <i>Poise</i> aloft in air.</blockquote> <i>Longfellow.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pois"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The balancer of dipterous insects.</def></p>

<p><hw>Poi"son</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>poison</i>, in Old French also, a potion, fr. L. <i>potio</i> a drink, draught, potion, a poisonous draught, fr. <i>potare</i> to drink. See <u>Potable</u>, and cf. <u>Potion</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Any agent which, when introduced into the animal organism, is capable of producing a morbid, noxious, or deadly effect upon it; as, morphine is a deadly <i>poison</i>; the <i>poison</i> of pestilential diseases.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>That which taints or destroys moral purity or health; as, the <i>poison</i> of evil example; the <i>poison</i> of sin.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Poison ash</b></col>. <i>(Bot.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>A tree of the genus <i>Amyris</i> (<i>A. balsamifera</i>) found in the West Indies, from the trunk of which a black liquor distills, supposed to have poisonous qualities.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>The poison sumac (<i>Rhus venenata</i>)</cd>. [U. S.] — <col><b>Poison dogwood</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>poison sumac.</cd> — <col><b>Poison fang</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>one of the superior maxillary teeth of some species of serpents, which, besides having the cavity for the pulp, is either perforated or grooved by a longitudinal canal, at the lower end of which the duct of the poison gland terminates. See <i>Illust.</i> under <u>Fang</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Poison gland</b></col> <i>(Biol.)</i>, <cd>a gland, in animals or plants, which secretes an acrid or venomous matter, that is conveyed along an organ capable of inflicting a wound.</cd> — <col><b>Poison hemlock</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>a poisonous umbelliferous plant (<i>Conium maculatum</i>). See <u>Hemlock</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Poison ivy</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>a poisonous climbing plant (<i>Rhus Toxicodendron</i>) of North America. It is common on stone walls and on the trunks of trees, and has trifoliate, rhombic-ovate, variously notched leaves. Many people are poisoned by it, if they touch the leaves. See <u>Poison sumac</u>. Called also <i>poison oak</i>, and <i>mercury</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Poison nut</b></col>. <i>(Bot.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>Nux vomica</cd>. <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>The tree which yields this seed (<i>Strychnos Nuxvomica</i>). It is found on the Malabar and Coromandel coasts.</cd> — <col><b>Poison oak</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>the poison ivy; also, the more shrubby <i>Rhus diversiloba</i> of California and Oregon.</cd> — <col><b>Poison sac</b></col>. <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <cd>Same as <i>Poison gland</i>, above. See <i>Illust.</i> under <u>Fang</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Poison sumac</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>a poisonous shrub of the genus <i>Rhus</i> (<i>R. venenata</i>); — also called <i>poison ash</i>, <i>poison dogwood</i>, and <i>poison elder</i>. It has pinnate leaves on graceful and slender common petioles, and usually grows in swampy places. Both this plant and the poison ivy (<i>Rhus Toxicodendron</i>) have clusters of smooth greenish white berries, while the red-fruited species of this genus are harmless. The tree (<i>Rhus vernicifera</i>) which yields the celebrated Japan lacquer is almost identical with the poison sumac, and is also very poisonous. The juice of the poison sumac also forms a lacquer similar to that of Japan.</cd></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Venom; virus; bane; pest; malignity. — <u>Poison</u>, <u>Venom</u>. <i>Poison</i> usually denotes something received into the system by the mouth, breath, etc. <i>Venom</i> is something discharged from animals and received by means of a wound, as by the bite or sting of serpents, scorpions, etc. Hence, <i>venom</i> specifically implies some malignity of nature or purpose.</p>

<p><hw>Poi"son</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Poisoned</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Poisoning</u>.] [Cf. OF. <i>poisonner</i>, F. <i>empoissoner</i>, L. <i>potionare</i> to give to drink. See <u>Poison</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To put poison upon or into; to infect with poison; as, to <i>poison</i> an arrow; to <i>poison</i> food or drink.</def> "The ingredients of our <i>poisoned</i> chalice." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To injure or kill by poison; to administer poison to.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>If you <i>poison</i> us, do we not die ?</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To taint; to corrupt; to vitiate; as, vice <i>poisons</i> happiness; slander <i>poisoned</i> his mind.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Whispering tongues can <i>poison</i> truth.</blockquote> <i>Coleridge.</i></p>

<p><hw>Poi"son</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To act as, or convey, a poison.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Tooth that <i>poisons</i> if it bite.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Poi"son*a*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Capable of poisoning; poisonous.</def> [Obs.] "<i>Poisonable</i> heresies." <i>Tooker.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Capable of being poisoned.</def></p>

<p><hw>Poi"son*er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who poisons.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Poi"son*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having the qualities or effects of poison; venomous; baneful; corrupting; noxious.</def> <i>Shak.</i> — <wf>Poi"son*ous*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Poi"son*ous*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Poi"son*some</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Poisonous.[Obs.] <i>Holland</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Poi"sure</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Poise</u>.] <def>Weight.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Poi"trel</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>poitrel</i>, F. <i>poitrail</i>, fr. L. <i>pectorale</i> a breastplate, fr. <i>pectoralis</i>, a. See <u>Pectoral</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <i>(Anc. Armor)</i> <def>The breastplate of the armor of a horse. See <u>Peytrel</u>.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Poize</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Poise</u>.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Po*kal"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [G.] <def>A tall drinking cup.</def></p>

<p><hw>Poke</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A large North American herb of the genus <i>Phytolacca</i> (<i>P. decandra</i>), bearing dark purple juicy berries; — called also <i>garget</i>, <i>pigeon berry</i>, <i>pocan</i>, and <i>pokeweed</i>. The root and berries have emetic and purgative properties, and are used in medicine. The young shoots are sometimes eaten as a substitute for asparagus, and the berries are said to be used in Europe to color wine.</def></p>

<p><hw>Poke</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>poca</i>, <i>poha</i>, <i>pohha</i>; akin to Icel. <i>poki</i>, OD. <i>poke</i>, and perh. to E. <i>pock</i>; cf. also Gael. <i>poca</i>, and OF. <i>poque</i>. Cf. <u>Pock</u>, <u>Pocket</u>, <u>Pouch</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A bag; a sack; a pocket.</def> "He drew a dial from his <i>poke</i>." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>They wallowed as pigs in a <i>poke</i>.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A long, wide sleeve; — called also <i>poke sleeve</i>.</def></p>

<p><col><b>To boy a pig a poke</b></col><cd> (that is, in a bag), to buy a thing without knowledge or examination of it.</cd> <i>Camden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Poke</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Poked</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Poking</u>.] [Cf. LG. <i>poken</i> to prick, pierce, thrust, <i>pok</i> a dagger, knife, D. <i>pook</i>, G. <i>pocken</i> to beat, also Ir. <i>poc</i> a blow, Gael. <i>puc</i> to push.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To thrust or push against or into with anything pointed; hence, to stir up; to excite; as, to <i>poke</i> a fire.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He <i>poked</i> John, and said "Sleepest thou ?"</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To thrust with the horns; to gore.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> [From 5th <u>Poke</u>, 3.] <def>To put a poke on; as, to <i>poke</i> an ox.</def> [Colloq. U. S.]</p>

<p><col><b>To poke fun</b></col>, <cd>to excite fun; to joke; to jest.</cd> [Colloq.] — <col><b>To poke fun at</b></col>, <cd>to make a butt of; to ridicule.</cd> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><hw>Poke</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To search; to feel one's way, as in the dark; to grope; as, to <i>poke</i> about.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A man must have <i>poked</i> into Latin and Greek.</blockquote> <i>Prior.</i></p>

<p><hw>Poke</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of poking; a thrust; a jog; as, a <i>poke</i> in the ribs.</def> <i>Ld. Lytton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A lazy person; a dawdler; also, a stupid or uninteresting person.</def> [Slang, U.S.] <i>Bartlett.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A contrivance to prevent an animal from leaping or breaking through fences. It consists of a yoke with a pole inserted, pointed forward.</def> [U.S.]</p>

<p><col><b>Poke bonnet</b></col>, <cd>a bonnet with a straight, projecting front.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Poke"bag`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [So called in allusion to its baglike nest.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The European long- tailed titmouse; — called also <i>poke-pudding</i>.</def> [Prov. Eng.]</p>

<p><hw>Pok"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From <u>Poke</u> to push.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who pokes.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>That which pokes or is used in poking, especially a metal bar or rod used in stirring a fire of coals.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A poking-stick.</def> <i>Decker.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The poachard.</def> [Prov. Eng.]</p>

<p><col><b>Poker picture</b></col>, <cd>a picture formed in imitation of bisterwashed drawings, by singeing the surface of wood with a heated poker or other iron.</cd> <i>Fairholt.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pok"er</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Of uncertain etymol.] <def>A game at cards derived from brag, and first played about 1835 in the Southwestern United States.</def> <i>Johnson's Cyc.</i> </p>

<p><hw>Pok"er</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. Dan. <i>pokker</i> the deuce, devil, also W. <i>pwci</i>, a hobgoblin, bugbear, and E. <i>puck</i>.] <def>Any imagined frightful object, especially one supposed to haunt the darkness; a bugbear.</def> [Colloq. U. S.]</p>

<p><hw>Pok"er*ish</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Infested by pokers; adapted to excite fear; as, a <i>pokerish</i> place.</def> [Colloq. U. S.]</p>

<p><blockquote>There is something <i>pokerish</i> about a deserted dwelling.</blockquote> <i>Lowell.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pok"er*ish</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Stiff like a poker.</def> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><hw>Pok"et</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A pocket.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Poke"weed`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>See <u>Poke</u>, the plant.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pok"ey</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Poky</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pok"ing</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Drudging; servile.</def> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Bred to some <i>poking</i> profession.</blockquote> <i>Gray.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pok"ing-stick`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A small stick or rod of steel, formerly used in adjusting the plaits of ruffs.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pok"y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Written also <i>pokey</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Confined; cramped.</def> [Prov. Eng.]</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Dull; tedious; uninteresting.</def> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><hw>Po*lac"ca</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [It. <i>polacca</i>, <i>polaccra</i>, <i>polacra</i>; cf. F. <i>polaque</i>, <i>polacre</i>, Sp. <i>polacre</i>,] [Written also <i>polacre</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>A vessel with two or three masts, used in the Mediterranean. The masts are usually of one piece, and without tops, caps, or crosstrees.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Mus.)</i> <def>See <u>Polonaise</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Po"lack</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A Polander.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Po*la"cre</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Polacca</u>, 1.</def></p>

<p><hw>Po"land*er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A native or inhabitant of Poland; a Pole.</def></p>

<p><hw>Po"lar</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>polaire</i>. See <u>Pole</u> of the earth.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Of or pertaining to one of the poles of the earth, or of a sphere; situated near, or proceeding from, one of the poles; as, <i>polar</i> regions; <i>polar</i> seas; <i>polar</i> winds.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Of or pertaining to the magnetic pole, or to the point to which the magnetic needle is directed.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Geom.)</i> <def>Pertaining to, reckoned from, or having a common radiating point; as, <i>polar</i> co&ouml;rdinates.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Polar axis</b></col>, <cd>that axis of an astronomical instrument, as an equatorial, which is parallel to the earths axis.</cd> — <col><b>Polar bear</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a large bear (<i>Ursus, or Thalarctos, maritimus</i>) inhabiting the arctic regions. It sometimes measures nearly nine feet in length and weighs 1,600 pounds. It is partially amphibious, very powerful, and the most carnivorous of all the bears. The fur is white, tinged with yellow. Called also <i>White bear</i>. See <u>Bear</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Polar body</b></col>, <col><b>cell</b></col>, or <col><b>globule</b></col> <i>(Biol.)</i>, <cd>a minute cell which separates by karyokinesis from the ovum during its maturation. In the maturation of ordinary ova two polar bodies are formed, but in parthogenetic ova only one. The first polar body formed is usually larger than the second one, and often divides into two after its separation from the ovum. Each of the polar bodies removes maternal chromatin from the ovum to make room for the chromatin of the fertilizing spermatozo&ouml;n; but their functions are not fully understood.</cd> — <col><b>Polar circles</b></col> <i>(Astron. & Geog.)</i>, <cd>two circles, each at a distance from a pole of the earth equal to the obliquity of the ecliptic, or about 23&deg; 28&prime;, the northern called the <i>arctic circle</i>, and the southern the <i>antarctic circle</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Polar clock</b></col>, <cd>a tube, containing a polarizing apparatus, turning on an axis parallel to that of the earth, and indicating the hour of the day on an hour circle, by being turned toward the plane of maximum polarization of the light of the sky, which is always 90&deg; from the sun.</cd> — <col><b>Polar co&ouml;rdinates</b></col>. <cd>See under 3d <u>Co&ouml;rdinate</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Polar dial</b></col>, <cd>a dial whose plane is parallel to a great circle passing through the poles of the earth.</cd> <i>Math. Dict.</i> — <col><b>Polar distance</b></col>, <cd>the angular distance of any point on a sphere from one of its poles, particularly of a heavenly body from the north pole of the heavens.</cd> — <col><b>Polar equation of a line</b></col> or <col><b>surface</b></col>, <cd>an equation which expresses the relation between the polar co&ouml;rdinates of every point of the line or surface.</cd> — <col><b>Polar forces</b></col> <i>(Physics)</i>, <cd>forces that are developed and act in pairs, with opposite tendencies or properties in the two elements, as magnetism, electricity, etc.</cd> — <col><b>Polar hare</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a large hare of Arctic America (<i>Lepus arcticus</i>), which turns pure white in winter. It is probably a variety of the common European hare (<i>L. timidus</i>).</cd> — <col><b>Polar lights</b></col>, <cd>the aurora borealis or australis.</cd> — <col><b>Polar</b></col>, or <col><b>Polaric</b></col>, <col><b>opposition</b></col> or <col><b>contrast</b></col> <i>(Logic)</i>, <cd>an opposition or contrast made by the existence of two opposite conceptions which are the extremes in a species, as white and black in colors; hence, as great an opposition or contrast as possible.</cd> — <col><b>Polar projection</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Projection</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Polar spherical triangle</b></col> <i>(Spherics)</i>, <cd>a spherical triangle whose three angular points are poles of the sides of a given triangle. See 4th <u>Pole</u>, 2.</cd> — <col><b>Polar whale</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the right whale, or bowhead. See <u>Whale</u>.</cd></p>

<p><! p. 1107 !></p>

<p><hw>Po"lar</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Conic Sections)</i> <def>The right line drawn through the two points of contact of the two tangents drawn from a given point to a given conic section. The given point is called the <i>pole</i> of the line. If the given point lies within the curve so that the two tangents become imaginary, there is still a real polar line which does not meet the curve, but which possesses other properties of the polar. Thus the focus and directrix are pole and polar. There are also poles and polar curves to curves of higher degree than the second, and poles and polar planes to surfaces of the second degree.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol"ar*chy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Polyarchy</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Po*lar"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Polar</u>.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Po"lar*i*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a polary manner; with polarity.</def> [R.] <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Po`lar*im"e*ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Polar</i> + <i>-meter</i>.] <i>(Opt.)</i> <def>An instrument for determining the amount of polarization of light, or the proportion of polarized light, in a partially polarized ray.</def></p>

<p><hw>Po`lar*im"e*try</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Opt.)</i> <def>The art or process of measuring the polarization of light.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Po*la"ris</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Polar</u>.] <i>(Astron.)</i> <def>The polestar. See <i>North star</i>, under <u>North</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Po*lar"i*scope</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Polar</i> + <i>-scope</i>.] <i>(Opt.)</i> <def>An instrument consisting essentially of a polarizer and an analyzer, used for polarizing light, and analyzing its properties.</def></p>

<p><hw>Po*lar`i*scop"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Opt.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to the polariscope; obtained by the use of a polariscope; as, <i>polariscopic</i> observations.</def></p>

<p><hw>Po`lar*is"co*py</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Opt.)</i> <def>The art or rocess of making observations with the polariscope.</def></p>

<p><hw>Po`lar*is"tic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pertaining to, or exhibiting, poles; having a polar arrangement or disposition; arising from, or dependent upon, the possession of poles or polar characteristics; as, <i>polaristic</i> antagonism.</def></p>

<p><hw>Po*lar"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>polarit&eacute;</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Physics)</i> <def>That quality or condition of a body in virtue of which it exhibits opposite, or contrasted, properties or powers, in opposite, or contrasted, parts or directions; or a condition giving rise to a contrast of properties corresponding to a contrast of positions, as, for example, attraction and repulsion in the opposite parts of a magnet, the dissimilar phenomena corresponding to the different sides of a polarized ray of light, etc.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Geom.)</i> <def>A property of the conic sections by virtue of which a given point determines a corresponding right line and a given right line determines a corresponding point. See <u>Polar</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></def></p>

<p><hw>Po"lar*i`za*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Susceptible of polarization.</def></p>

<p><hw>Po`lar*i*za"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>polarisation</i>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of polarizing; the state of being polarized, or of having polarity.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Opt.)</i> <def>A peculiar affection or condition of the rays of light or heat, in consequence of which they exhibit different properties in different directions.</def></p>

<p>&fist; If a beam of light, which has been reflected from a plate of unsilvered glass at an angle of about 56&deg;, be received upon a second plate of glass similar to the former, and at the same angle of incidence, the light will be readily reflected when the two planes of incidence are parallel to each other, but will not be reflected when the two planes of incidence are perpendicular to each other. The light has, therefore, acquired new properties by reflection from the first plate of glass, and is called <i>polarized light</i>, while the modification which the light has experienced by this reflection is called <i>polarization</i>. The plane in which the beam of light is reflected from the first mirror is called the <i>plane of polarization</i>. The <i>angle of polarization</i> is the angle at which a beam of light must be reflected, in order that the polarization may be the most complete. The term <i>polarization</i> was derived from the theory of emission, and it was conceived that each luminous molecule has two poles analogous to the poles of a magnet; but this view is not now held. According to the undulatory theory, ordinary light is produced by vibrations transverse or perpendicular to the direction of the ray, and distributed as to show no distinction as to any particular direction. But when, by any means, these, vibrations are made to take place in one plane, the light is said to be <i>plane polarized</i>. If only a portion of the vibrations lie in one plane the ray is said to be <i>partially polarized</i>. Light may be polarized by several methods other than by reflection, as by refraction through most crystalline media, or by being transmitted obliquely through several plates of glass with parallel faces. If a beam of polarized light be transmitted through a crystal of quartz in the direction of its axis, the plane of polarization will be changed by an angle proportional to the thickness of the crystal. This phenomenon is called <i>rotatory polarization</i>. A beam of light reflected from a metallic surface, or from glass surfaces under certain peculiar conditions, acquires properties still more complex, its vibrations being no longer rectilinear, but circular, or elliptical. This phenomenon is called <i>circular</i> or <i>elliptical polarization</i>.</p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Elec.)</i> <def>An effect produced upon the plates of a voltaic battery, or the electrodes in an electrolytic cell, by the deposition upon them of the gases liberated by the action of the current. It is chiefly due to the hydrogen, and results in an increase of the resistance, and the setting up of an opposing electro- motive force, both of which tend materially to weaken the current of the battery, or that passing through the cell.</def></p>

<p><hw>Po"lar*ize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Polarized</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Polarizing</u> (?).] [Cf. F. <i>polariser</i>.] <def>To communicate polarity to.</def></p>

<p><hw>Po"lar*i`zer</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Physics)</i> <def>That which polarizes; especially, the part of a polariscope which receives and polarizes the light. It is usually a reflecting plate, or a plate of some crystal, as tourmaline, or a doubly refracting crystal.</def></p>

<p><hw>Po"lar*y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Tending to a pole; having a direction toward a pole.</def> [R.] <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Po`la`touche"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A flying squirrel (<i>Sciuropterus volans</i>) native of Northern Europe and Siberia; — called also <i>minene</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol"der</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [D.] <def>A tract of low land reclaimed from the sea by of high embankments.</def> [Holland & Belgium]</p>

<p><hw>Pold"way`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. <u>Poledavy</u>.] <def>A kind of coarse bagging, — used for coal sacks.</def> <i>Weale.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pole</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. G. <i>Pole</i> a Pole, <i>Polen</i> Poland.] <def>A native or inhabitant of Poland; a Polander.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pole</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [As. <i>p&amacr;l</i>, L. <i>palus</i>, akin to <i>pangere</i> to make fast. Cf. <u>Pale</u> a stake, <u>Pact</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A long, slender piece of wood; a tall, slender piece of timber; the stem of a small tree whose branches have been removed; as, specifically: <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> A carriage pole, a wooden bar extending from the front axle of a carriage between the wheel horses, by which the carriage is guided and held back. <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> A flag pole, a pole on which a flag is supported. <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> A Maypole. See <u>Maypole</u>. <sd><i>(d)</i></sd> A barber's pole, a pole painted in stripes, used as a sign by barbers and hairdressers. <sd><i>(e)</i></sd> A pole on which climbing beans, hops, or other vines, are trained.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A measuring stick; also, a measure of length equal to 5&?; yards, or a square measure equal to 30&?; square yards; a rod; a perch.</def> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Pole bean</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>any kind of bean which is customarily trained on poles, as the scarlet runner or the Lima bean.</cd> — <col><b>Pole flounder</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a large deep-water flounder (<i>Glyptocephalus cynoglossus</i>), native of the northern coasts of Europe and America, and much esteemed as a food fish; — called also <i>craig flounder</i>, and <i>pole fluke</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Pole lathe</b></col>, <cd>a simple form of lathe, or a substitute for a lathe, in which the work is turned by means of a cord passing around it, one end being fastened to the treadle, and the other to an elastic pole above.</cd> — <col><b>Pole mast</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>a mast formed from a single piece or from a single tree.</cd> — <col><b>Pole of a lens</b></col> <i>(Opt.)</i>, <cd>the point where the principal axis meets the surface.</cd> — <col><b>Pole plate</b></col> <i>(Arch.)</i>, <cd>a horizontal timber resting on the tiebeams of a roof and receiving the ends of the rafters. It differs from the <i>plate</i> in not resting on the wall.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pole</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Poled</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Poling</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To furnish with poles for support; as, to <i>pole</i> beans or hops.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To convey on poles; as, to <i>pole</i> hay into a barn.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To impel by a pole or poles, as a boat.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To stir, as molten glass, with a pole.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pole</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>polus</i>, Gr. &?; a pivot or hinge on which anything turns, an axis, a pole; akin to &?; to move: cf. F. <i>p&ocirc;le</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Either extremity of an axis of a sphere; especially, one of the extremities of the earth's axis; as, the north <i>pole</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Spherics)</i> <def>A point upon the surface of a sphere equally distant from every part of the circumference of a great circle; or the point in which a diameter of the sphere perpendicular to the plane of such circle meets the surface. Such a point is called the <i>pole</i> of that circle; as, the <i>pole</i> of the horizon; the <i>pole</i> of the ecliptic; the <i>pole</i> of a given meridian.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Physics)</i> <def>One of the opposite or contrasted parts or directions in which a polar force is manifested; a point of maximum intensity of a force which has two such points, or which has polarity; as, the <i>poles</i> of a magnet; the north <i>pole</i> of a needle.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>The firmament; the sky.</def> [Poetic]</p>

<p><blockquote>Shoots against the dusky <i>pole</i>.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <i>(Geom.)</i> <def>See <u>Polarity</u>, and <u>Polar</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></def></p>

<p><col><b>Magnetic pole</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Magnetic</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Poles of the earth</b></col>, or <col><b>Terrestrial poles</b></col> <i>(Geog.)</i>, <cd>the two opposite points on the earth's surface through which its axis passes.</cd> — <col><b>Poles of the heavens</b></col>, or <col><b>Celestial poles</b></col>, <cd>the two opposite points in the celestial sphere which coincide with the earth's axis produced, and about which the heavens appear to revolve.</cd></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pole"ax`</hw>, <hw>Pole"axe`</hw> } (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>pollax</i>; cf. OD. <i>pollexe</i>. See <u>Poll</u> head, and Ax.] <def>Anciently, a kind of battle-ax with a long handle; later, an ax or hatchet with a short handle, and a head variously patterned; — used by soldiers, and also by sailors in boarding a vessel.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pole"cat`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Probably fr. F. <i>poule</i> hen, and originally, a poultry cat, because it feeds on poultry. See <u>Poultry</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A small European carnivore of the Weasel family (<i>Putorius f&oelig;tidus</i>). Its scent glands secrete a substance of an exceedingly disagreeable odor. Called also <i>fitchet</i>, <i>foulmart</i>, and <i>European ferret</i>.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The zorilla. The name is also applied to other allied species.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pole"da`vy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Etymology uncertain.] <def>A sort of coarse canvas; poldway.</def> [Obs.] <i>Howell.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pole"less</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Without a pole; as, a <i>poleless</i> chariot.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol"e*march</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;; &?; war + &?; leader, from &?; to be first.] <i>(Gr. Antiq.)</i> <def>In Athens, originally, the military commanderin-chief; but, afterward, a civil magistrate who had jurisdiction in respect of strangers and sojourners. In other Grecian cities, a high military and civil officer.</def></p>

<p><hw>Po*lem"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; warlike, fr.&?; war: cf. F. <i>pol&eacute;mique</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Of or pertaining to controversy; maintaining, or involving, controversy; controversial; disputative; as, a <i>polemic</i> discourse or essay; <i>polemic</i> theology.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Engaged in, or addicted to, polemics, or to controversy; disputations; as, a <i>polemic</i> writer.</def> <i>South.</i></p>

<p><hw>Po*lem"ic</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who writes in support of one opinion, doctrine, or system, in opposition to another; one skilled in polemics; a controversialist; a disputant.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The sarcasms and invectives of the young <i>polemic</i>.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A polemic argument or controversy.</def></p>

<p><hw>Po*lem"ic*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Polemic; controversial; disputatious.</def> — <wf>Po*lem"ic*al*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Polemical</i> and impertinent disputations.</blockquote> <i>Jer. Taylor.</i></p>

<p><hw>Po*lem"i*cist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A polemic.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Po*lem"ics</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>pol&eacute;mique</i>.] <def>The art or practice of disputation or controversy, especially on religious subjects; that branch of theological science which pertains to the history or conduct of ecclesiastical controversy.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol"e*mist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A polemic.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Pol`e*mo`ni*a"ceous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to a natural order of plants (<i>Polemoniace&aelig;</i>), which includes <i>Polemonium</i>, <i>Phlox</i>, <i>Gilia</i>, and a few other genera.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pol`e*mo"ni*um</hw> (?). <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr.&?; a kind of plant.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A genus of gamopetalous perennial herbs, including the Jacob's ladder and the Greek valerian.</def></p>

<p><hw>Po*lem"o*scope</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; war + <i>-scope</i>: cf. F. <i>pol&eacute;moscope</i>.] <def>An opera glass or field glass with an oblique mirror arranged for seeing objects do not lie directly before the eye; — called also <i>diagonal, or side, opera glass</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol"e*my</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Polemic</u>.] <def>Warfare; war; hence, contention; opposition.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>||Po*len"ta</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [It., fr. L. <i>polenta</i> peeled barley.] <def>Pudding made of Indian meal; also, porridge made of chestnut meal.</def> [Italy]</p>

<p><hw>Pol"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who poles.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol"er</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>An extortioner. See <u>Poller</u>.</def> [Obs.] <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pole"star`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Polaris, or the north star. See <i>North star</i>, under <u>North</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A guide or director.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pole"wards</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>Toward a pole of the earth.</def> "The regions further <i>polewards</i>." <i>Whewell.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pole"wig</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. <u>Polliwig</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The European spotted goby <i>(Gobius minutus)</i>; — called also <i>pollybait</i>.</def> [Prov. Eng.]</p>

<p><hw>Po"ley</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>See <u>Poly</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Po"ley</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Without horns; polled.</def> [Prov. Eng.] "That <i>poley</i> heifer." <i>H. Kingsley.</i></p>

<p><hw>Po"li*a*nite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; to become gray.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>Manganese dioxide, occurring in tetragonal crystals nearly as hard as quartz.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol"i*cate</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Pollicate</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Po*lice"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., fr. L. <i>politia</i> the condition of a state, government, administration, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to be a citizen, to govern or administer a state, fr. &?; citizen, fr. &?; city; akin to Skr. <i>pur</i>, <i>puri</i>. Cf. <u>Policy</u> polity, <u>Polity</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A judicial and executive system, for the government of a city, town, or district, for the preservation of rights, order, cleanliness, health, etc., and for the enforcement of the laws and prevention of crime; the administration of the laws and regulations of a city, incorporated town, or borough.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>That which concerns the order of the community; the internal regulation of a state.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>The organized body of civil officers in a city, town, or district, whose particular duties are the preservation of good order, the prevention and detection of crime, and the enforcement of the laws.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Mil.)</i> <def>Military police, the body of soldiers detailed to preserve civil order and attend to sanitary arrangements in a camp or garrison.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>The cleaning of a camp or garrison, or the state &?; a camp as to cleanliness.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Police commissioner</b></col>, <cd>a civil officer, usually one of a board, commissioned to regulate and control the appointment, duties, and discipline of the police.</cd> — <col><b>Police constable</b></col>, or <col><b>Police officer</b></col>, <cd>a policeman.</cd> — <col><b>Police court</b></col>, <cd>a minor court to try persons brought before it by the police.</cd> — <col><b>Police inspector</b></col>, <cd>an officer of police ranking next below a superintendent.</cd> — <col><b>Police jury</b></col>, <cd>a body of officers who collectively exercise jurisdiction in certain cases of police, as levying taxes, etc.; — so called in Louisiana.</cd> <i>Bouvier.</i> — <col><b>Police justice</b></col>, or <col><b>Police magistrate</b></col>, <cd>a judge of a police court.</cd> — <col><b>Police offenses</b></col> <i>(Law)</i>, <cd>minor offenses against the order of the community, of which a police court may have final jurisdiction.</cd> — <col><b>Police station</b></col>, <cd>the headquarters of the police, or of a section of them; the place where the police assemble for orders, and to which they take arrested persons.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Po*lice"</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Policed</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Policing</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To keep in order by police.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Mil.)</i> <def>To make clean; as, to <i>police</i> a camp.</def></p>

<p><hw>Po*liced"</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Regulated by laws for the maintenance of peace and order, enforced by organized administration.</def> "A <i>policed</i> kingdom." <i>Howell.</i></p>

<p><hw>Po*lice"man</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Policemen</b></plw> (&?;). <def>A member of a body of police; a constable.</def></p>

<p><hw>Po*li"cial</hw> (&?;), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Relating to the police.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><! p. 1108 !></p>

<p><hw>Pol"i*cied</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Policed.</def> [Obs.] <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pol"i*cy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Policies</b></plw> (#). [L. <i>politia</i>, Gr. &?;; cf. F. <i>police</i>, Of. <i>police</i>. See <u>Police</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Civil polity.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The settled method by which the government and affairs of a nation are, or may be, administered; a system of public or official administration, as designed to promote the external or internal prosperity of a state.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>The method by which any institution is administered; system of management; course.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Management or administration based on temporal or material interest, rather than on principles of equity or honor; hence, worldly wisdom; dexterity of management; cunning; stratagem.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>Prudence or wisdom in the management of public and private affairs; wisdom; sagacity; wit.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The very <i>policy</i> of a hostess, finding his purse so far above his clothes, did detect him.</blockquote> <i>Fuller.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>Motive; object; inducement.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>What <i>policy</i> have you to bestow a benefit where it is counted an injury?</blockquote> <i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — See <u>Polity</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Pol"i*cy</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Policied</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Policying</u>.] <def>To regulate by laws; to reduce to order.</def> [Obs.] "<i>Policying</i> of cities." <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pol"i*cy</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>police</i>; cf. Pr. <i>polissia</i>, Sp. <i>p&oacute;lizia</i>, It. <i>p&oacute;lizza</i>; of uncertain origin; cf. L. <i>pollex</i> thumb (as being used in pressing the seal), in LL. also, seal; or cf. LL. <i>politicum</i>, <i>poleticum</i>, <i>polecticum</i>, L. <i>polyptychum</i>, account book, register, fr. Gr. &?; having many folds or leaves; &?; many + &?; fold, leaf, from &?; to fold; or cf. LL. <i>apodixa</i> a receipt.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A ticket or warrant for money in the public funds.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The writing or instrument in which a contract of insurance is embodied; an instrument in writing containing the terms and conditions on which one party engages to indemnify another against loss arising from certain hazards, perils, or risks to which his person or property may be exposed. See <u>Insurance</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A method of gambling by betting as to what numbers will be drawn in a lottery; as, to play <i>policy</i>.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Interest policy</b></col>, <cd>a policy that shows by its form that the assured has a real, substantial interest in the matter insured.</cd> — <col><b>Open policy</b></col>, <cd>one in which the value of the goods or property insured is not mentioned.</cd> — <col><b>Policy book</b></col>, <cd>a book to contain a record of insurance policies.</cd> — <col><b>Policy holder</b></col>, <cd>one to whom an insurance policy has been granted.</cd> — <col><b>Policy shop</b></col>, <cd>a gambling place where one may bet on the numbers which will be drawn in lotteries.</cd> — <col><b>Valued policy</b></col>, <cd>one in which the value of the goods, property, or interest insured is specified.</cd> — <col><b>Wager policy</b></col>, <cd>a policy that shows on the face of it that the contract it embodies is a pretended insurance, founded on an ideal risk, where the insured has no interest in anything insured.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pol"ing</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From <u>Pole</u> a stick.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of supporting or of propelling by means of a pole or poles; as, the <i>poling</i> of beans; the <i>poling</i> of a boat.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Gardening)</i> <def>The operation of dispersing worm casts over the walks with poles.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>One of the poles or planks used in upholding the side earth in excavating a tunnel, ditch, etc.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol"ish</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [From <u>Pole</u> a Polander.] <def>Of or pertaining to Poland or its inhabitants.</def> - - <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The language of the Poles.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol"ish</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Polished</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Polishing</u>.] [F. <i>polir</i>, L. <i>polire</i>. Cf. <u>Polite</u>, <u>-ish</u>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To make smooth and glossy, usually by friction; to burnish; to overspread with luster; as, to <i>polish</i> glass, marble, metals, etc.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Hence, to refine; to wear off the rudeness, coarseness, or rusticity of; to make elegant and polite; as, to <i>polish</i> life or manners.</def> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><col><b>To polish off</b></col>, <cd>to finish completely, as an adversary.</cd> [Slang] <i>W. H. Russell.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pol"ish</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To become smooth, as from friction; to receive a gloss; to take a smooth and glossy surface; as, steel <i>polishes</i> well.</def> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pol"ish</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A smooth, glossy surface, usually produced by friction; a gloss or luster.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Another prism of clearer glass and better <i>polish</i>.</blockquote> <i>Sir I. Newton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Anything used to produce a gloss.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Fig.: Refinement; elegance of manners.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>This Roman <i>polish</i> and this smooth behavior.</blockquote> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pol"ish*a*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Capable of being polished.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol"ished</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Made smooth and glossy, as by friction; hence, highly finished; refined; polite; as, <i>polished</i> plate; <i>polished</i> manners; <i>polished</i> verse.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol"ished*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality of being polished.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol"ish*er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who, or that which, polishes; also, that which is used in polishing.</def> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pol"ish*ing</hw>, <def><pos><i>a. & n.</i></pos> from <u>Polish</u>.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Polishing iron</b></col>, <cd>an iron burnisher; esp., a small smoothing iron used in laundries.</cd> — <col><b>Polishing slate</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>A gray or yellow slate, found in Bohemia and Auvergne, and used for polishing glass, marble, and metals</cd>. <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>A kind of hone or whetstone; hone slate.</cd> — <col><b>Polishing snake</b></col>, <cd>a tool used in cleaning lithographic stones.</cd> — <col><b>Polishing wheel</b></col>, <cd>a wheel or disk coated with, or composed of, abrading material, for polishing a surface.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pol"ish*ment</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The act of polishing, or the state of being polished.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Po*lite"</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<pos><i>Compar.</i></pos> <u>Politer</u> (?); <pos><i>superl.</i></pos> <u>Politest</u>.] [L. <i>politus</i>, p. p. of <i>polire</i> to polish: cf. F. <i>poli</i>. See <u>Polish</u>, <pos><i>v.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Smooth; polished.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Rays of light falling on a <i>polite</i> surface.</blockquote> <i>Sir I. Newton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Smooth and refined in behavior or manners; well bred; courteous; complaisant; obliging; civil.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He marries, bows at court, and grows <i>polite</i>.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Characterized by refinement, or a high degree of finish; as, <i>polite</i> literature.</def> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Polished; refined; well bred; courteous; affable; urbane; civil; courtly; elegant; genteel.</p>

<p><hw>Po*lite"</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To polish; to refine; to render polite.</def> [Obs.] <i>Ray.</i></p>

<p><hw>Po*lite"ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>In a polished manner; so as to be smooth or glossy.</def> [Obs.] <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>In a polite manner; with politeness.</def></p>

<p><hw>Po*lite"ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>High finish; smoothness; burnished elegance.</def> [R.] <i>Evelyn.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The quality or state of being polite; refinement of manners; urbanity; courteous behavior; complaisance; obliging attentions.</def></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Courtesy; good breeding; refinement; urbanity; courteousness; affability; complaisance; civility; gentility; courtliness. — <u>Politeness</u>, <u>Courtesy</u>. <i>Politeness</i> denotes that ease and gracefulness of manners which first sprung up in cities, connected with a desire to please others by anticipating their wants and wishes, and studiously avoiding whatever might give them pain. <i>Courtesy</i> is, etymologically, the <i>politeness</i> of courts. It displays itself in the address and manners; it is shown more especially in receiving and entertaining others, and is a union of dignified complaisance and kindness.</p>

<p><hw>||Pol`i*tesse"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F.] <def>Politeness.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol"i*tic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>politicus</i> political, Gr. &?; belonging to the citizens or to the state, fr.&?; citizen: cf. F. <i>politique</i>. See <u>Police</u>, and cf. <u>ePolitical</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Of or pertaining to polity, or civil government; political; as, the body <i>politic</i>. See under <u>Body</u>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He with his people made all but one <i>politic</i> body.</blockquote> <i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Pertaining to, or promoting, a policy, especially a national policy; well-devised; adapted to its end, whether right or wrong; — said of things; as, a <i>politic</i> treaty.</def> "Enrich'd with <i>politic</i> grave counsel." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Sagacious in promoting a policy; ingenious in devising and advancing a system of management; devoted to a scheme or system rather than to a principle; hence, in a good sense, wise; prudent; sagacious; and in a bad sense, artful; unscrupulous; cunning; — said of persons.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Politic</i> with my friend, smooth with mine enemy.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Wise; prudent; sagacious; discreet; provident; wary; artful; cunning.</p>

<p><hw>Pol`i*tic</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A politician.</def> [Archaic] <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Swiftly the <i>politic</i> goes; is it dark? he borrows a lantern;<BR> Slowly the statesman and sure, guiding his feet by the stars.</blockquote> <i>Lowell.</i></p>

<p><hw>Po*lit"i*cal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Having, or conforming to, a settled system of administration.</def> [R.] "A <i>political</i> government." <i>Evelyn.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Of or pertaining to public policy, or to politics; relating to affairs of state or administration; as, a <i>political</i> writer.</def> "The <i>political</i> state of Europe." <i>Paley.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Of or pertaining to a party, or to parties, in the state; as, his <i>political</i> relations were with the Whigs.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Politic; wise; also, artful.</def> [Obs.] <i>Sterne.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Political economy</b></col>, <cd>that branch of political science or philosophy which treats of the sources, and methods of production and preservation, of the material wealth and prosperity of nations.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Po*lit"i*cal*ism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Zeal or party spirit in politics.</def></p>

<p><hw>Po*lit"i*cal*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>In a political manner.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Politicly; artfully.</def> [Obs.] <i>Knolles.</i></p>

<p><hw>Po*lit"i*cas`ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. It. <i>politicastro</i>.] <def>A petty politician; a pretender in politics.</def> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pol`i*ti"cian</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>politicien</i>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One versed or experienced in the science of government; one devoted to politics; a statesman.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>While empiric <i>politicians</i> use deceit.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>One primarily devoted to his own advancement in public office, or to the success of a political party; — used in a depreciatory sense; one addicted or attached to politics as managed by parties (see <u>Politics</u>, 2); a schemer; an intriguer; as, a mere <i>politician</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Like a scurvy <i>politician</i>, seem<BR> To see the things thou dost not.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>politician</i> . . . ready to do anything that he apprehends for his advantage.</blockquote> <i>South.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pol`i*ti"cian</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Cunning; using artifice; politic; artful.</def> "Ill-meaning <i>politician</i> lords." <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Po*lit"i*cist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A political writer.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Pol"i*tic*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a politic manner; sagaciously; shrewdly; artfully.</def> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pol"i*tics</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>politique</i>, Gr. &?; (sc.&?;). See <u>Politic</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The science of government; that part of ethics which has to do with the regulation and government of a nation or state, the preservation of its safety, peace, and prosperity, the defense of its existence and rights against foreign control or conquest, the augmentation of its strength and resources, and the protection of its citizens in their rights, with the preservation and improvement of their morals.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The management of a political party; the conduct and contests of parties with reference to political measures or the administration of public affairs; the advancement of candidates to office; in a bad sense, artful or dishonest management to secure the success of political candidates or parties; political trickery.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>When we say that two men are talking <i>politics</i>, we often mean that they are wrangling about some mere party question.</blockquote> <i>F. W. Robertson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pol"i*tize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To play the politician; to dispute as politicians do.</def> [Obs.] <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pol"i*ture</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>politura</i>, fr. <i>polire</i> to polish. See <u>Polish</u>, <pos><i>v.</i></pos>] <def>Polish; gloss. [Obs.] <i>Donne</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Polities</b></plw> (#). [L. <i>politia</i>, Gr. &?;: cf. F. <i>politie</i>. See 1st <u>Policy</u>, <u>Police</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The form or constitution of the civil government of a nation or state; the framework or organization by which the various departments of government are combined into a systematic whole.</def> <i>Blackstone. Hooker.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Hence: The form or constitution by which any institution is organized; the recognized principles which lie at the foundation of any human institution.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Nor is possible that any form of <i>polity</i>, much less <i>polity</i> ecclesiastical, should be good, unless God himself be author of it.</blockquote> <i>Hooker.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Policy; art; management.</def> [Obs.] <i>B. Jonson.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Policy. — <u>Polity</u>, <u>Policy</u>. These two words were originally the same. <i>Polity</i> is now confined to the structure of a government; as, civil or ecclesiastical <i>polity</i>; while <i>policy</i> is applied to the scheme of management of public affairs with reference to some aim or result; as, foreign or domestic <i>policy</i>. <i>Policy</i> has the further sense of skillful or cunning management.</p>

<p><hw>Po*litz`er*i*za"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>The act of inflating the middle ear by blowing air up the nose during the act of swallowing; — so called from Prof. <i>Politzer</i> of Vienna, who first practiced it.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol"ive</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A pulley.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pol"ka</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Pol. <i>Polka</i> a Polish woman: cf. F. & G. <i>polka</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A dance of Polish origin, but now common everywhere. It is performed by two persons in common time.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Mus.)</i> <def>A lively Bohemian or Polish dance tune in 2-4 measure, with the third quaver accented.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Polka jacket</b></col>, <cd>a kind of knit jacket worn by women.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Poll</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From <i>Polly</i>, The proper name.] <def>A parrot; — familiarly so called.</def></p>

<p><hw>Poll</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; the many, the rabble.] <def>One who does not try for honors, but is content to take a degree merely; a passman.</def> [Cambridge Univ., Eng.]</p>

<p><hw>Poll</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Akin to LG. <i>polle</i> the head, the crest of a bird, the top of a tree, OD. <i>pol</i>, <i>polle</i>, Dan. <i>puld</i> the crown of a hat.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The head; the back part of the head.</def> "All flaxen was his <i>poll</i>." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A number or aggregate of heads; a list or register of heads or individuals.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>We are the greater <i>poll</i>, and in true fear<BR> They gave us our demands.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The muster file, rotten and sound, upon my life, amounts not to fifteen thousand <i>poll</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Specifically, the register of the names of electors who may vote in an election.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>The casting or recording of the votes of registered electors; as, the close of the <i>poll</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>All soldiers quartered in place are to remove . . . and not to return till one day after the <i>poll</i> is ended.</blockquote> <i>Blackstone.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <i>pl.</i> <def>The place where the votes are cast or recorded; as, to go to the <i>polls</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>The broad end of a hammer; the but of an ax.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The European chub. See <u>Pollard</u>, 3 <sd><i>(a)</i></sd>.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Poll book</b></col>, <cd>a register of persons entitled to vote at an election.</cd> — <col><b>Poll evil</b></col> <i>(Far.)</i>, <cd>an inflammatory swelling or abscess on a horse's head, confined beneath the great ligament of the neck.</cd> — <col><b>Poll pick</b></col> <i>(Mining)</i>, <cd>a pole having a heavy spike on the end, forming a kind of crowbar.</cd> — <col><b>Poll tax</b></col>, <cd>a tax levied by the head, or poll; a capitation tax.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Poll</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Polled</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Polling</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To remove the poll or head of; hence, to remove the top or end of; to clip; to lop; to shear; as, to <i>poll</i> the head; to <i>poll</i> a tree.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>When he [Absalom] <i>pollled</i> his head.</blockquote> <i>2 Sam. xiv. 26.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>His death did so grieve them that they <i>polled</i> themselves; they clipped off their horse and mule's hairs.</blockquote> <i>Sir T. North.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To cut off; to remove by clipping, shearing, etc.; to mow or crop; — sometimes with <i>off</i>; as, to <i>poll</i> the hair; to <i>poll</i> wool; to <i>poll</i> grass.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Who, as he <i>polled</i> off his dart's head, so sure he had decreed<BR> That all the counsels of their war he would <i>poll</i> off like it.</blockquote> <i>Chapman.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To extort from; to plunder; to strip.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Which <i>polls</i> and pills the poor in piteous wise.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To impose a tax upon.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>To pay as one's personal tax.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The man that <i>polled</i> but twelve pence for his head.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>To enter, as polls or persons, in a list or register; to enroll, esp. for purposes of taxation; to enumerate one by one.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Polling</i> the reformed churches whether they equalize in number those of his three kingdoms.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <def>To register or deposit, as a vote; to elicit or call forth, as votes or voters; as, he <i>polled</i> a hundred votes more than his opponent.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>And <i>poll</i> for points of faith his trusty vote.</blockquote> <i>Tickell.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>8.</b></sn> <i>(Law)</i> <def>To cut or shave smooth or even; to cut in a straight line without indentation; as, a <i>polled</i> deed. See <u>Dee&?; poll</u>.</def> <i>Burrill.</i></p>

<p><col><b>To poll a jury</b></col>, <cd>to call upon each member of the jury to answer individually as to his concurrence in a verdict which has been rendered.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Poll</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To vote at an election.</def> <i>Beaconsfield.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pol"lack</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. G. & D. <i>pollack</i>, and Gael. <i>pollag</i> a little pool, a sort of fish.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A marine gadoid food fish of Europe (<i>Pollachius virens</i>). Called also <i>greenfish</i>, <i>greenling</i>, <i>lait</i>, <i>leet</i>, <i>lob</i>, <i>lythe</i>, and <i>whiting pollack</i>.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The American pollock; the coalfish.</def></p>

<p><hw>Poll"age</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A head or poll tax; hence, extortion.</def> [Obs.] <i>Foxe.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pol"lan</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. Gael. <i>pollag</i> a kind of fish.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A lake whitefish (<i>Coregonus pollan</i>), native of Ireland. In appearance it resembles a herring.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol"lard</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From <u>Poll</u> the head.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A tree having its top cut off at some height above the ground, that may throw out branches.</def> <i>Pennant.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A clipped coin; also, a counterfeit.</def> [Obs.] <i>Camden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A fish, the chub.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A stag that has cast its antlers.</def> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <def>A hornless animal (cow or sheep).</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol"lard</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Pollarded</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Pollarding</u>.] <def>To lop the tops of, as trees; to poll; as, to <i>pollard</i> willows.</def> <i>Evelyn.</i></p>

<p><hw>Poll"ax`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A poleax.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Polled</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Deprived of a poll, or of something belonging to the poll. Specifically: <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> Lopped; — said of trees having their tops cut off. <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> Cropped; hence, bald; — said of a person. "The <i>polled</i> bachelor." <i>Beau. & Fl.</i> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> Having cast the antlers; — said of a stag. <sd><i>(d)</i></sd> Without horns; as, <i>polled</i> cattle; <i>polled</i> sheep.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol"len</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>pollen</i> fine flour, fine dust; cf. Gr. &?;] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Fine bran or flour.</def> [Obs.] <i>Bailey.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The fecundating dustlike cells of the anthers of flowers. See <u>Flower</u>, and <i>Illust.</i> of <u>Filament</u>.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Pollen grain</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>a particle or call of pollen.</cd> — <col><b>Pollen mass</b></col>, <cd>a pollinium.</cd> <i>Gray.</i> — <col><b>Pollen sac</b></col>, <cd>a compartment of an anther containing pollen, — usually there are four in each anther.</cd> — <col><b>Pollen tube</b></col>, <cd>a slender tube which issues from the pollen grain on its contact with the stigma, which it penetrates, thus conveying, it is supposed, the fecundating matter of the grain to the ovule.</cd></p>

<p><! p. 1109 !></p>

<p><hw>Pol`len*a"ri*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Consisting of meal or pollen.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol"lened</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Covered with pollen.</def> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pol`len*if"er*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Pollen</i> + <i>-ferous</i>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Producing pollen; polliniferous.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol"len*in</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>poll&eacute;nine</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A substance found in the pollen of certain plants.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Pol"len*ize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Pollenized</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Pollenizing</u> (?).] <def>To supply with pollen; to impregnate with pollen.</def></p>

<p><hw>Poll"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From <u>Poll</u>] <def>One who polls; specifically: <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> One who polls or lops trees. <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> One who polls or cuts hair; a barber. [R.] <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> One who extorts or plunders. [Obs.] Baex>. <sd><i>(d)</i></sd> One who registplws votplws, or one who enters his name as a voter.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pol"lex</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Pollices</b></plw> (#). [the thumb.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>The first, or preaxial, digit of the fore limb, corresponding to the hallux in the hind limb; the thumb. In birds, the pollex is the joint which bears the bastard wing.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol"li*cate</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>pollex</i>, <i>pollicis</i>, a thumb.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Having a curved projection or spine on the inner side of a leg joint; — said of insects.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol*lic`i*ta"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>pollicitatio</i>, fr. <i>pollicitari</i> to promise, v. intens. fr. <i>polliceri</i> to promise: cf. F. <i>pollicitation</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A voluntary engagement, or a paper containing it; a promise.</def> <i>Bp. Burnet.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Roman Law)</i> <def>A promise without mutuality; a promise which has not been accepted by the person to whom it is made.</def> <i>Bouvier.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pol"li*nate</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Pollinose.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol"li*nate</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>To apply pollen to (a stigma).</def> — <wf>Pol`li*na"tion</wf> (#), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i></p>

<p><hw>||Pol*linc"tor</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., fr. <i>pollingere</i>.] <i>(Rom. Antiq.)</i> <def>One who prepared corpses for the funeral.</def></p>

<p><hw>Poll"ing</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Poll</u> the head.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of topping, lopping, or cropping, as trees or hedges.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Plunder, or extortion.</def> [Obs.] <i>E. Hall.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>The act of voting, or of registering a vote.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Polling booth</b></col>, <cd>a temporary structure where the voting at an election is done; a polling place.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pol`li*nif"er*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>pollen</i>, <i>-inis</i>, pollen + <i>-ferous</i>: cf. F. <i>pollinif&egrave;re</i>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Producing pollen; polleniferous.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pol*lin"i*um</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Pollinia</b></plw> (#). [<u>NL</u>. See <u>Pollen</u>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A coherent mass of pollen, as in the milkweed and most orchids.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol"li*nose`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>pollen</i>, <i>-inis</i>, dust.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Having the surface covered with a fine yellow dust, like pollen.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pol"li*wig</hw> (?), <hw>Pol"li*wog</hw> (?) }, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>polwigle</i>. Cf. <u>Poll</u> head, and <u>Wiggle</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A tadpole; — called also <i>purwiggy</i> and <i>porwigle</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol"lock</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Pollack</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A marine gadoid fish (<i>Pollachius carbonarius</i>), native both of the European and American coasts. It is allied to the cod, and like it is salted and dried. In England it is called <i>coalfish</i>, <i>lob</i>, <i>podley</i>, <i>podling</i>, <i>pollack</i>, etc.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol"lu*cite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Pollux</u>, and 4th <u>Castor</u>.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>A colorless transparent mineral, resembling quartz, occurring with castor or castorite on the island of Elba. It is a silicate of alumina and c&aelig;sia. Called also <i>pollux</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol*lute"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Polluted</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Polluting</u>.] [L. <i>pollutus</i>, p. p. of <i>polluere</i> to defile, to pollute, from a prep. appearing only in comp. + <i>luere</i> to wash. See <u>Position</u>, <u>Lave</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To make foul, impure, or unclean; to defile; to taint; to soil; to desecrate; — used of physical or moral defilement.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The land was <i>polluted</i> with blood.</blockquote> <i>Ps. cvi. 38</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Wickedness . . . hath <i>polluted</i> the whole earth.</blockquote> <i>2 Esd. xv. 6.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To violate sexually; to debauch; to dishonor.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Jewish Law)</i> <def>To render ceremonially unclean; to disqualify or unfit for sacred use or service, or for social intercourse.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Neither shall ye <i>pollute</i> the holy things of the children of Israel, lest ye die.</blockquote> <i>Num. xviii. 32.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>They have <i>polluted</i> themselves with blood.</blockquote> <i>Lam. iv. 14.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — To defile; soil; contaminate; corrupt; taint; vitiate; debauch; dishonor; ravish.</p>

<p><hw>Pol*lute"</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>pollutus</i>.] <def>Polluted.</def> [R.] <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pol*lut"ed</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Defiled; made unclean or impure; debauched.</def> — <wf>Pol*lut"ed*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Pol*lut"ed*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Pol*lut"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who pollutes.</def> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pol*lut"ing</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Adapted or tending to pollute; causing defilement or pollution.</def> — <wf>Pol*lut"ing*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Pol*lu"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>pollutio</i>: cf. F. <i>pollution</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of polluting, or the state of being polluted (in any sense of the verb); defilement; uncleanness; impurity.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>The emission of semen, or sperm, at other times than in sexual intercourse.</def> <i>Dunglison.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Pol"lux</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., the twin brother of castor; also, the constellation.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Astron.)</i> <def>A fixed star of the second magnitude, in the constellation Gemini. Cf. 3d <u>Castor</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Min.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Pollucite</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol"ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A woman's name; also, a popular name for a parrot.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol"ly*wog</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A polliwig.</def></p>

<p><hw>Po"lo</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Of Eastern origin; — properly, the ball used in the game.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A game of ball of Eastern origin, resembling hockey, with the players on horseback.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A similar game played on the ice, or on a prepared floor, by players wearing skates.</def></p>

<p><hw>Po`lo*naise"</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [F. <i>polonais</i>, <i>polonaise</i>, Polish.] <def>Of or pertaining to the Poles, or to Poland.</def> [Written also <i>Polonese</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Po`lo*naise"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Written also <i>Polonese</i> and <i>Polonoise</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The Polish language.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>An article of dress for women, consisting of a body and an outer skirt in one piece.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Mus.)</i> <def>A stately Polish dance tune, in 3-4 measure, beginning always on the beat with a quaver followed by a crotchet, and closing on the beat after a strong accent on the second beat; also, a dance adapted to such music; a polacca.</def></p>

<p><hw>Po`lo*nese"</hw> (?), <pos><i>a. & n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Polonaise</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Po*lo"ny</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Prob. corrupt. fr. <i>Bologna</i>.] <def>A kind of sausage made of meat partly cooked.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol"ron</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Pauldron</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Polt</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. E. <i>pelt</i>, L. <i>pultare</i> to beat, strike.] <def>A blow or thump.</def> <i>Halliwell.</i> — <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Distorted.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Pot foot</b></col>, <cd>a distorted foot.</cd> <i>Sir T. Herbert.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Polt"-foot`</hw> (?), <hw>Polt"-foot`ed</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having a distorted foot, or a clubfoot or clubfeet.</def> <i>B. Jonson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pol*troon"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>poltron</i>, from It. <i>poltrone</i> an idle fellow, sluggard, coward, <i>poltro</i> idle, lazy, also, bed, fr. OHG. <i>polstar</i>, <i>bolstar</i>, cushion, G. <i>polster</i>, akin to E. <i>bolster</i>. See <u>Bolster</u>.] <def>An arrant coward; a dastard; a craven; a mean-spirited wretch.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pol*troon"</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Base; vile; contemptible; cowardly.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol*troon"er*y</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>poltronnerie</i>; cf. It. <i>poltroneria</i>.] <def>Cowardice; want of spirit; pusillanimity.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol*troon"ish</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Resembling a poltroon; cowardly.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol"ve*rine</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [It. <i>polverino</i>, fr. <i>polvere &?;</i>ust, L. <i>pulvis</i>, <i>- veris</i>. See <u>Powder</u>.] <def>Glassmaker's ashes; a kind of potash or pearlash, brought from the Levant and Syria, — used in the manufacture of fine glass.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol"wig</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A polliwig. <i>Holland</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol"y-</hw> (?). [See <u>Full</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <def>A combining form or prefix from Gr. <grk>poly`s</grk>, <i>many</i>; as, <i>poly</i>gon, a figure of many angles; <i>poly</i>atomic, having many atoms; <i>poly</i>chord, <i>poly</i>conic.</def></p>

<p><hw>Po"ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>polium</i>, the name of a plant, perhaps <i>Teucrium polium</i>, Gr. &?;.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A whitish woolly plant (<i>Teucrium Polium</i>) of the order <i>Labiat&aelig;</i>, found throughout the Mediterranean region. The name, with sundry prefixes, is sometimes given to other related species of the same genus.</def> [Spelt also <i>poley</i>.]</p>

<p><col><b>Poly mountain</b></col>. <cd>See <u>Poly-mountain</u>, in Vocabulary.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pol`y*ac"id</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Poly-</i> + <i>acid</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Capable of neutralizing, or of combining with, several molecules of a monobasic acid; having more than one hydrogen atom capable of being replaced by acid radicals; — said of certain bases; as, calcium hydrate and glycerin are <i>polyacid</i> bases.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol`y*a*cous"tic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Poly-</i> + <i>acoustic</i>: cf. F. <i>polyacoustique</i>.] <def>Multiplying or magnifying sound.</def> — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A polyacoustic instrument.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol`y*a*cous"tics</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The art of multiplying or magnifying sounds.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pol`y*a"cron</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Polyacra</b></plw> (#), E. <plw><b>Polyacrons</b></plw> (#). [NL., fr. Gr. <grk>poly`s</grk> many + <grk>'a`kron</grk> summit.] <i>(Geom.)</i> <def>A solid having many summits or angular points; a polyhedron.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pol`y*ac*tin"i*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Poly-</u>, and <u>Actinia</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>An old name for those Anthozoa which, like the actinias, have numerous simple tentacles.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pol`y*a*del"phi*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. <grk>poly`s</grk> many + &?; brother.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A Linn&aelig;an class of plants having stamens united in three or more bodies or bundles by the filaments.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pol`y*a*del"phi*an</hw> (?), <hw>Pol`y*a*del"phous</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Belonging to the class Polyadelphia; having stamens united in three or more bundles.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pol`y*an"dri*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Polyandry</u>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A Linn&aelig;an class of monoclinous or hermaphrodite plants, having many stamens, or any number above twenty, inserted in the receptacle.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol`y*an"dri*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Polyandrous.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol`y*an"dric</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. <i>polyandrique</i>.] <def>Pertaining to, or characterized by, polyandry; mating with several males.</def> "<i>Polyandric</i> societies." <i>H. Spencer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pol`y*an"drous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Belonging to the class Polyandria; having many stamens, or any number above twenty, inserted in the receptacle.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol`y*an"dry</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Poly-</i> + Gr. &?;, &?;, man, male: cf. F. <i>polyandrie</i>.] <def>The possession by a woman of more than one husband at the same time; — contrasted with <i>monandry</i>.</def></p>

<p>&fist; In law, this falls under the head of polygamy.</p>

<p><hw>Pol`y*an"thus</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Polyanthuses</b></plw> (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; rich in flowers; <grk>poly`s</grk> many + &?; flower.] [Written also <i>polyanthos</i>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The oxlip. So called because the peduncle bears a many-flowered umbel. See <u>Oxlip</u>. <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> A bulbous flowering plant of the genus <i>Narcissus</i> (<i>N. Tazetta</i>, or <i>N. polyanthus</i> of some authors). See <i>Illust.</i> of <u>Narcissus</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol"y*ar`chist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who advocates polyarchy; — opposed to <i>monarchist</i>.</def> <i>Cudworth.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pol"y*ar`chy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Poly-</i> + <i>-archy</i>: cf. F. <i>polyarchie.</i> Cf. <u>Polarchy</u>.] <def>A government by many persons, of whatever order or class.</def> <i>Cudworth.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pol`y*a*tom"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Poly-</i> + <i>atomic</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>Having more than one atom in the molecule; consisting of several atoms.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>Having a valence greater than one.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Pol`y*au*tog"ra*phy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Poly- </i> + <i>autography</i>.] <def>The act or practice of multiplying copies of one's own handwriting, or of manuscripts, by printing from stone, — a species of lithography.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol`y*ba"sic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Poly-</i> + <i>basic</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Capable of neutralizing, or of combining with, several molecules of a monacid base; having several hydrogen atoms capable of being replaced by basic radicals; — said of certain acids; as, sulphuric acid is <i>polybasic</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol`y*ba"site</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Polybasic</u>.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>An iron-black ore of silver, consisting of silver, sulphur, and antimony, with some copper and arsenic.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pol`y*bran"chi*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Poly-</u>, and <u>Branchia</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A division of Nudibranchiata including those which have numerous branchi&aelig; on the back.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol`y*bro"mide</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Poly-</i> + <i>bromide</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A bromide containing more than one atom of bromine in the molecule.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol`y*car"pel*la*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Composed of several or numerous carpels; — said of such fruits as the orange.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pol`y*car"pic</hw> (?), <hw>Pol`y*car"pous</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Poly-</i> + Gr. &?; fruit.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>Bearing fruit repeatedly, or year after year.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>Having several pistils in one flower.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pol`y*ch&aelig;"ta</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., from Gr. <grk>poly`s</grk> many + &?; hair.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of the two principal groups of Ch&aelig;topoda. It includes those that have prominent parapodia and fascicles of set&aelig;. See <i>Illust.</i> under <u>Parapodia</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol`y*chlo"ride</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Poly-</i> + <i>chloride</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A chloride containing more than one atom of chlorine in the molecule.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol`y*ch&oelig;r"a*ny</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; wide-ruling.] <def>A government by many chiefs, princes, or rules.</def> [Obs.] <i>Cudworth.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pol"y*chord</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;; <grk>poly`s</grk> many + &?; string, cord.] <def>Having many strings.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol"y*chord</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Mus.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A musical instrument of ten strings.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>An apparatus for coupling two octave notes, capable of being attached to a keyed instrument.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol"y*chrest</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; useful for many purposes; <grk>poly`s</grk> many + &?; useful, fr. &?; to use: cf. F. <i>polychreste</i>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>A medicine that serves for many uses, or that cures many diseases.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><col><b>Polychrest salt</b></col> <i>(Old Med. Chem.)</i>, <cd>potassium sulphate, specifically obtained by fusing niter with sulphur.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pol"y*chro*ism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Poly-</i> + Gr. &?; color.] <def>Same as <u>Pleochroism</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol"y*chro*ite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Poly-</i> + Gr. &?; color: cf. F. <i>polychro&iuml;te</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>The coloring matter of saffron; — formerly so called because of the change of color on treatment with certain acids; — called also <i>crocin</i>, and <i>safranin</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol`y*chro"mate</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Polychromic</u>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A salt of a polychromic acid.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol`y*chro"mate</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Polychromatic</u>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A compound which exhibits, or from which may be prepared, a variety of colors, as certain solutions derived from vegetables, which display colors by fluorescence.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol`y*chro*mat"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Poly-</i> + <i>chromatic</i>.] <def>Showing a variety, or a change, of colors.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Polychromatic acid</b></col> <i>(Old Chem.)</i>, <cd>a substance obtained by the action of nitric acid on aloes.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pol"y*chrome</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Poly-</i> + Gr. &?; color.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Esculin; — so called in allusion to its fluorescent solutions.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Pol"y*chrome</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>polychrome</i>.] <def>Executed in the manner of polychromy; as, <i>polychrome</i> printing.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol`y*chro"mic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Poly-</i> + (sense 1) Gr. &?;, or (sense 2) <i>chromic</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Polychromatic.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, any one of several acids (known only in their salts) which contain more than one atom of chromium.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol`y*chro"mous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to polychromy; many-colored; polychromatic.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol"y*chro`my</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Poly-</i> + Gr. &?; color.] <i>(Anc. Art)</i> <def>The art or practice of combining different colors, especially brilliant ones, in an artistic way.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol`y*chro"ni*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Poly-</i> + Gr. &?; for a long time, &?; time.] <def>Enduring through a long time; chronic.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol`y*clin"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Poly-</i> + <i>clinic</i>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>A clinic in which diseases of many sorts are treated; especially, an institution in which clinical instruction is given in all kinds of disease.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol`y*con"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Poly-</i> + <i>conic</i>.] <def>Pertaining to, or based upon, many cones.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Polyconic projection</b></col> <i>(Map Making)</i>, <cd>a projection of the earth's surface, or any portion thereof, by which each narrow zone is projected upon a conical surface that touches the sphere along this zone, the conical surface being then unrolled. This projection differs from <i>conic projection</i> in that latter assumes but one cone for the whole map. Polyconic projection is that in use in the United States coast and geodetic survey.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pol`y*cot`y*le"don</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Poly-</i> + <i>cotyledon</i>: cf. F. <i>polycotyl&eacute;done</i>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A plant that has many, or more than two, cotyledons in the seed.</def> — <wf>Pol`y*cot`y*led"on*ous</wf> (#), <pos><i>a.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Pol`y*cot`y*led"on*a*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Poly-</i> + <i>cotyledonary</i>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Having the villi of the placenta collected into definite patches, or cotyledons.</def></p>

<p><hw>Po*lyc"ra*cy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Poly-</i> + <i>-cracy</i>, as in <i>democracy</i>.] <def>Government by many rulers; polyarchy.</def></p>

<p><! p. 1110 !></p>

<p><hw>Pol`y*crot"ic</hw> (p&obreve;l`&ibreve;*kr&obreve;t"&ibreve;k), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Poly-</i> + Gr. <grk>krotei^n</grk> to beat.] <i>(Physiol.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to polycrotism; manifesting polycrotism; as, a <i>polycrotic</i> pulse; a <i>polycrotic</i> pulse curve.</def></p>

<p><hw>Po*lyc"ro*tism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Physiol.)</i> <def>That state or condition of the pulse in which the pulse curve, or sphygmogram, shows several secondary crests or elevations; — contrasted with <i>monocrotism</i> and <i>dicrotism</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol`y*cys"tid</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>One of the Polycystidea.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>One of the Polycystina.</def> — <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pertaining to the Polycystidea, or the Polycystina.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pol`y*cys*tid"e*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Poly-</u>, and <u>Cystidea</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A division of Gregarin&aelig; including those that have two or more internal divisions of the body.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pol`y*cys*ti"na</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Poly-</u>, and <u>Cyst</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A division of Radiolaria including numerous minute marine species. The skeleton is composed of silica, and is often very elegant in form and sculpture. Many have been found in the fossil state.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol`y*cys"tine</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Pertaining to the Polycystina.</def> — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One of the Polycystina.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pol`y*cyt*ta"ri*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. <grk>poly`s</grk> many + &?;, dim. fr. &?; a hollow vessel.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A division of Radiolaria. It includes those having one more central capsules.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol`y*dac"tyl*ism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Poly-</i> + Gr. &?; finger: cf. F. <i>polydactylisme</i>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>The possession of more that the normal number of digits.</def> </p>

<p><hw>||Pol`y*dip"si*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. <grk>poly`s</grk> much + &?; thirst.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Excessive and constant thirst occasioned by disease.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol`y*e"dron</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Polyhedron</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol`y*e"drous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Polyhedral</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol`y*ei"dic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Poly-</i> + Gr. &?; form.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Passing through several distinct larval forms; — having several distinct kinds of young.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol`y*ei"dism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The quality or state of being polyeidic.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol`y*em"bry*o*nate</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Poly- </i> + <i>embryonate</i>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Consisting of, or having, several embryos; polyembryonic.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol`y*em`bry*on"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Poly-</i> + <i>embryonic</i>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Polyembryonate.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol`y*em"bry*o*ny</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Poly- </u>, and <u>Embryo</u>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The production of two or more embryos in one seed, due either to the existence and fertilization of more than one embryonic sac or to the origination of embryos outside of the embryonic sac.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol"y*foil</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Poly-</i> + <i>foil</i>, n.] <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Multifoil</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Po*lyg"a*la</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., milkwort, fr. Gr. &?;; <grk>poly`s</grk> much + &?; milk.] <def>A genus of bitter herbs or shrubs having eight stamens and a two-celled ovary (as the Seneca snakeroot, the flowering wintergreen, etc.); milkwort.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol`y*ga*la"ceous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to a natural order of plants (<i>Polygalace&aelig;</i>) of which Polygala is the type.</def></p>

<p><hw>Po*lyg"a*lic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Of, pertaining to, or obtained from, Polygala; specifically, designating an acrid glucoside (called <i>polygalic acid</i>, <i>senegin</i>, etc.), resembling, or possibly identical with, <i>saponin</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pol`y*ga"mi*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Polygamous</u>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A Linn&aelig;an class of plants, characterized by having both hermaphrodite and unisexual flowers on the same plant.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A name given by Linn&aelig;us to file orders of plants having syngenesious flowers.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol`y*ga"mi*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Polygamous.</def></p>

<p><hw>Po*lyg"a*mist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>polygamiste</i>, <i>polygame</i>, Gr. &?;, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <def>One who practices polygamy, or maintains its lawfulness.</def></p>

<p><hw>Po*lyg"a*mize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To practice polygamy; to marry several wives.</def> <i>Sylvester. Coleridge.</i></p>

<p><hw>Po*lyg"a*mous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; living &?; polygamy; <grk>poly`s</grk> many + &?; marriage. Cf. <u>Bigamy</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Of or pertaining to polygamy; characterized by, or involving, polygamy; having a plurality of wives; as, <i>polygamous</i> marriages; — opposed to <i>monogamous</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Pairing with more than one female.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Most deer, cattle, and sheep are <i>polygamous</i>.</blockquote> <i>Darwin.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Belonging to the Polygamia; bearing both hermaphrodite and unisexual flowers on the same plant.</def></p>

<p><hw>Po*lyg"a*my</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;; cf. F. <i>polygamie</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The having of a plurality of wives or husbands at the same time; usually, the marriage of a man to more than one woman, or the practice of having several wives, at the same time; — opposed to <i>monogamy</i>; as, the nations of the East practiced <i>polygamy</i>. See the Note under <u>Bigamy</u>, and cf. <u>Polyandry</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The state or habit of having more than one mate.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The condition or state of a plant which bears both perfect and unisexual flowers.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol`y*gas"tri*an</hw> (p&obreve;l`&ibreve;*g&abreve;s"tr&ibreve;*<i>a</i>n), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of the Polygastrica.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Pol`y*gas"tric</hw> (-tr&ibreve;k), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Poly-</i> + <i>gastric</i>: cf. F. <i>polygastrique</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Having several bellies; — applied to muscles which are made up of several bellies separated by short tendons.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Pertaining to the Polygastrica.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Pol`y*gas"tric</hw> (p&obreve;l`&ibreve;*g&abreve;s"tr&ibreve;k), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of the Polygastrica.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pol`y*gas"tri*ca</hw> (-tr&ibreve;*k&adot;), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL. So called because they were supposed to have several stomachs, or digestive cavities.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The Infusoria.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p>{ <hw>Pol`y*gen"e*sis</hw> (-j&ebreve;n"&esl;*s&ibreve;s), <hw>Po*lyg"e*ny</hw> (p&osl;*l&ibreve;j"&esl;*n&ybreve;), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Poly-</i> + <i>genesis</i>, or root of Gr. <grk>gi`gnesqai</grk> to be born.] <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>The theory that living organisms originate in cells or embryos of different kinds, instead of coming from a single cell; — opposed to <i>monogenesis</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol`y*ge*net"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Having many distinct sources; originating at various places or times.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to polygenesis; polyphyletic.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Polygenetic mountain range</b></col> <i>(Geol.)</i>, <cd>one which is composite, or consists of two or more monogenetic ranges, each having had its own history of development.</cd> <i>Dana.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pol`y*gen"ic</hw> (-j&ebreve;n"&ibreve;k), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>Of or relating to polygeny; polygenetic.</def></p>

<p><hw>Po*lyg"e*nism</hw> (p&osl;*l&ibreve;j"&esl;*n&ibreve;z'm), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>polyg&eacute;nisme</i>.] <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>The doctrine that animals of the same species have sprung from more than one original pair.</def></p>

<p><hw>Po*lyg"e*nist</hw> (-n&ibreve;st), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>One who maintains that animals of the same species have sprung from more than one original pair; — opposed to <i>monogenist</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Po*lyg"e*nous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Poly-</i> + <i>-genous</i>: cf. Gr. &?; of many families.] <def>Consisting of, or containing, many kinds; as, a <i>polygenous</i> mountain.</def> <i>Kirwan.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pol"y*glot</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>poly`glwttos</grk> many-tongued; <grk>poly`s</grk> many + <grk>glw^tta</grk>, <grk>glw^ssa</grk>, tongue, language: cf. F. <i>polyglotte</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Containing, or made up, of, several languages; as, a <i>polyglot</i> lexicon, Bible.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Versed in, or speaking, many languages.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol"y*glot</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who speaks several languages.</def> [R.] "A <i>polyglot</i>, or good linguist." <i>Howell.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A book containing several versions of the same text, or containing the same subject matter in several languages; esp., the Scriptures in several languages.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Enriched by the publication of <i>polyglots</i>.</blockquote> <i>Abp. Newcome.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pol`y*glot"tous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See <u>Polyglot</u>.] <def>Speaking many languages; polyglot.</def> [R.] "The <i>polyglottous</i> tribes of America." <i>Max M&uuml;ller.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pol"y*gon</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>poly`gwnos</grk> polygonal; <grk>poly`s</grk> many + <grk>gwni`a</grk> angle: cf. F. <i>polygone</i>.] <i>(Geom.)</i> <def>A plane figure having many angles, and consequently many sides; esp., one whose perimeter consists of more than four sides; any figure having many angles.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Polygon of forces</b></col> <i>(Mech.)</i>, <cd>a polygonal figure, the sides of which, taken successively, represent, in length and direction, several forces acting simultaneously upon one point, so that the side necessary to complete the figure represents the resultant of those forces. Cf. <i>Parallelogram of forces</i>, under <u>Parallelogram</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pol`y*go*na"ceous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See <u>Polygonum</u>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to a natural order of apetalous plants (<i>Polygonace&aelig;</i>), of which the knotweeds (species of <i>Polygonum</i>) are the type, and which includes also the docks (<i>Rumex</i>), the buckwheat, rhubarb, sea grape (<i>Coccoloba</i>), and several other genera.</def></p>

<p><hw>Po*lyg"o*nal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having many angles.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Polygonal numbers</b></col>, <cd>certain figurate numbers. See under <u>Figurate</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pol`y*go*neu"tic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Poly-</i> + Gr. &?; offspring.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Having two or more broods in a season.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol`y*go*nom"e*try</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Polygon</i> + <i>-metry</i>.] <def>The doctrine of polygons; an extension of some of the principles of trigonometry to the case of polygons.</def></p>

<p><hw>Po*lyg"o*nous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Polygonal.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Po*lyg"o*num</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a kind of plant; <grk>poly`s</grk> many + <grk>go`ny</grk> the knee, a joint of a plant. So called in allusion to the numerous joints.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A genus of plants embracing a large number of species, including bistort, knotweed, smartweed, etc.</def></p>

<p><hw>Po*lyg"o*ny</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Any plant of the genus Polygonum.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pol`y*gor"di*us</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Poly-</u>, and <u>Gordius</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A genus of marine annelids, believed to be an ancient or ancestral type. It is remarkable for its simplicity of structure and want of parapodia. It is the type of the order Archiannelida, or Gymnotoma. See <u>Loeven's larva</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol"y*gram</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; marked with many stripes; <grk>poly`s</grk> many + &?; a line.] <def>A figure consisting of many lines.</def> [R.] <i>Barlow.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pol"y*graph</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; writing much; <grk>poly`s</grk> much, many + &?; to write: cf. F. <i>polygraphe</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>An instrument for multiplying copies of a writing; a manifold writer; a copying machine.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>In bibliography, a collection of different works, either by one or several authors.</def> <i>Brande & C.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pol`y*graph"ic</hw> (?), <hw>Pol`y*graph"ic*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>polygraphique</i>.] <def>Pertaining to, or employed in, polygraphy; as, a <i>polygraphic</i> instrument.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Done with a polygraph; as, a <i>polygraphic</i> copy.</def></p>

<p><hw>Po*lyg"ra*phy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;; <grk>poly`s</grk> much + <grk>gra`fein</grk> to write: cf. F. <i>polygraphie</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Much writing; writing of many books.</def> [Obs.] <i>Fuller.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The art of writing in various ciphers, and of deciphering the same.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>The art or practice of using a polygraph.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol"y*grooved`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Poly-</i> + <i>groove</i>.] <def>Having many grooves; as, a <i>polygrooved</i> rifle or gun (referring to the rifling).</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol"y*gyn</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>polygyne</i>. See <u>Polygyny</u>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A plant of the order Polygynia.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pol`y*gyn"i*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Polygyny</u>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A Linn&aelig;an order of plants having many styles.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pol`y*gyn"i*an</hw> (?), <hw>Po*lyg"y*nous</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Having many styles; belonging to the order Polygynia.</def></p>

<p><hw>Po*lyg"y*nist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who practices or advocates polygyny.</def> <i>H. Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Po*lyg"y*ny</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Poly-</i> + Gr. &?; woman, wife.] <def>The state or practice of having several wives at the same time; marriage to several wives.</def> <i>H. Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pol`y*ha"lite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Poly-</i> + Gr. &?; salt.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>A mineral usually occurring in fibrous masses, of a brick-red color, being tinged with iron, and consisting chiefly of the sulphates of lime, magnesia, and soda.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pol`y*he"dral</hw> (?), <hw>Pol`y*hed"ric*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See <u>Polyhedron</u>.] <i>(Geom.)</i> <def>Having many sides, as a solid body.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Polyhedral angle</b></col>, <cd>an angle bounded by three or more plane angles having a common vertex.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pol`y*he"dron</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> E. <plw><b>Polyhedrons</b></plw>. (#), L. <plw><b>Polyhedra</b></plw> (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; with many seats or sides; <grk>poly`s</grk> many + &?; a seat or side: cf. F. <i>poly&egrave;dre</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Geom.)</i> <def>A body or solid contained by many sides or planes.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Opt.)</i> <def>A polyscope, or multiplying glass.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol`y*he"drous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Polyhedral.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol`y*his"tor</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; very learned.] <def>One versed in various learning.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Pol`y*hym"ni*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., from Gr. &?;; <grk>poly`s</grk> many + &?; hymn.] <i>(Anc. Myth.)</i> <def>The Muse of lyric poetry.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol`y*i"o*dide</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A iodide having more than one atom of iodine in the molecule.</def></p>

<p><hw>Po*lyl"o*gy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;; <grk>poly`s</grk> much + &?; discourse.] <def>Talkativeness.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Po*lyl"o*quent</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Poly-</i> + L. <i>loquens</i>, p. pr. of <i>logui</i> to speak.] <def>Garrulous; loquacious.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Pol`y*mas"tism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Poly-</i> + Gr. &?; a breast.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>The condition of having more than two mamm&aelig;, or breasts.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol`y*math"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>polymathique</i>. See <u>Polymathy</u>.] <def>Pertaining to polymathy; acquainted with many branches of learning.</def></p>

<p><hw>Po*lym"a*thist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One versed in many sciences; a person of various learning.</def></p>

<p><hw>Po*lym"a*thy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;; <grk>poly`s</grk> much + &?;, &?;, to learn.] <def>The knowledge of many arts and sciences; variety of learning.</def> <i>Johnson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pol`y*me*nis"cous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See <u>Poly- </u>, and <u>Meniscus</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Having numerous facets; — said of the compound eyes of insects and crustaceans.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol"y*mer</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Polymeric</u>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Any one of two or more substances related to each other by polymerism; specifically, a substance produced from another substance by chemical polymerization.</def> [Formerly also written polymere.]</p>

<p><hw>Pol`y*mer"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Poly-</i> + Gr. &?; part.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Having the same percentage composition (that is, having the same elements united in the same proportion by weight), but different molecular weights; — often used with <i>with</i>; thus, cyanic acid (CNOH), fulminic acid (C<sub>2</sub>N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub>), and cyanuric acid (C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>3</sub>O<sub>3</sub>H<sub>3</sub>), are <i>polymeric</i> with each other.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The figures expressing the number of atoms of each element in a number of polymeric substances are respectively multiples and factors of each other, or have some simple common divisor. The relation may be merely a numerical one, as in the example given above, or a chemical one, as in the case of aldehyde, paraldehyde, and metaldehyde.</p>

<p><hw>Po*lym"er*ism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The state, quality, or relation of two or more polymeric substances.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The act or process of forming polymers.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol`y*mer`i*za"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>The act or process of changing to a polymeric form; the condition resulting from such change.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol"y*mer*ize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>To cause polymerization of; to produce polymers from; to increase the molecular weight of, without changing the atomic proportions; thus, certain acids <i>polymerize</i> aldehyde.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol"y*mer*ize</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>To change into another substance having the same atomic proportions, but a higher molecular weight; to undergo polymerization; thus, aldehyde <i>polymerizes</i> in forming paraldehyde.</def></p>

<p><hw>Po*lym"er*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Having many parts or members in each set.</def> <i>Gray.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Polymeric.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Po*lym"ni*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Polyhymnia</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol"ym*nite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; full of moss; <grk>poly`s</grk> much + &?; moss.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>A stone marked with dendrites and black lines, and so disposed as to represent rivers, marshes, etc.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol"y*morph</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; multiform; <grk>poly`s</grk> many + &?; form: cf. F. <i>polymorphe</i>.] <i>(Crystallog.)</i> <def>A substance capable of crystallizing in several distinct forms; also, any one of these forms. Cf. <u>Allomorph</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol`y*mor"phic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Polymorphous.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol`y*mor"phism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Crystallog.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Pleomorphism</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Biol.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The capability of assuming different forms; the capability of widely varying in form.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>Existence in many forms; the coexistence, in the same locality, of two or more distinct forms independent of sex, not connected by intermediate gradations, but produced from common parents.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pol`y*mor*pho"sis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Poly-</u>, and <u>Morphosis</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The assumption of several structural forms without a corresponding difference in function; — said of sponges, etc.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol`y*mor"phous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Having, or assuming, a variety of forms, characters, or styles; as, a <i>polymorphous</i> author.</def> <i>De Quincey.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>Having, or occurring in, several distinct forms; — opposed to <i>monomorphic</i>.</def></p>

<p><! p. 1111 !></p>

<p><hw>Pol"y*mor`phy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Existence in many forms; polymorphism.</def></p>

<p><hw>Po`ly-moun"tain</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>Same as <u>Poly</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The closely related <i>Teucrium montanum</i>, formerly called <i>Polium montanum</i>, a plant of Southern Europe.</def> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <def>The <i>Bartsia alpina</i>, a low purple-flowered herb of Europe.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pol`y*my"o*d&aelig;</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Polymyoid</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Oscines</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol`y*my"o*dous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Polymyoid.</def></p>

<p><hw>Po*lym"y*oid</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Poly-</i> + Gr. &?;, &?;, muscle + <i>-oid</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Having numerous vocal muscles; of or pertaining to the Polymyod&aelig;.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol"y*neme</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Poly-</i> + Gr. &?; thread.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any one of numerous species of tropical food fishes of the family <i>Polynemid&aelig;</i>. They have several slender filaments, often very long, below the pectoral fin. Some of them yield isinglass of good quality. Called also <i>threadfish</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol`y*ne"moid</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Polyneme</i> + <i>-oid</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to the polynemes, or the family <i>Polynemid&aelig;</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol`y*ne"sian</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to Polynesia (the islands of the eastern and central Pacific), or to the Polynesians.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol`y*ne"sians</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos>; sing. <singw><b>Polynesian</b></singw>. <i>(Ethnol.)</i> <def>The race of men native in Polynesia.</def></p>

<p><hw>Po*lyn"i*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Russ. <i>poluineia</i> a warm place in water, i. e., a place which does not freeze.] <def>The open sea supposed to surround the north pole.</def> <i>Kane.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pol`y*no"mi*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Poly-</i> + <i>-nomial</i>, as in <i>monomial</i>, <i>binomial</i>: cf. F. <i>polyn&ocirc;me</i>.] <i>(Alg.)</i> <def>An expression composed of two or more terms, connected by the signs <i>plus</i> or <i>minus</i>; as, <i>a<sup>2</sup> - 2ab + b<sup>2</sup></i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol`y*no"mi*al</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Containing many names or terms; multinominal; as, the <i>polynomial</i> theorem.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Consisting of two or more words; having names consisting of two or more words; as, a <i>polynomial</i> name; <i>polynomial</i> nomenclature.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol`y*nu"cle*ar</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Poly-</i> + <i>nuclear</i>.] <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>Containing many nuclei.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol`y*nu*cle"o*lar</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Poly-</i> + <i>nucleolar</i>.] <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>Having more than one nucleolus.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol`y*om"ma*tous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Poly-</i> + Gr. &?;, &?;, the eye.] <def>Having many eyes.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol`y*on"o*mous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Poly-</i> + Gr. &?;, &?;, name: cf. Gr. &?;.] <def>Having many names or titles; polyonymous.</def> <i>Sir W. Jones.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pol`y*on"o*my</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. Gr. &?; a multitude of names.] <def>The use of a variety of names for the same object.</def> <i>G. S. Faber.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pol"y*o*nym</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>An object which has a variety of names.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A polynomial name or term.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol`y*on"y*mous</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Polyonomous.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pol`y*op"tron</hw> (?), <hw>Pol`y*op"trum</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., from Gr. <grk>poly`s</grk> many + &?; seen.] <i>(Opt.)</i> <def>A glass through which objects appear multiplied, but diminished in size.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Pol`y*o*ra"ma</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Poly-</i> + Gr. &?; a sight, view.] <def>A view of many objects; also, a sort of panorama with dissolving views.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol"yp</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>polypus</i>, Gr. &?;, &?;, literally, many-footed; <grk>poly`s</grk> many + &?;, &?;, foot: cf. F. <i>polype</i>. See <u>Poly-</u> and <u>Foot</u>, and cf. <u>Polypode</u>, <u>Polypody</u>, <u>Poulp</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>One of the feeding or nutritive zooids of a hydroid or coral.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>One of the Anthozoa.</def> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <i>pl.</i> <def>Same as <u>Anthozoa</u>. See <u>Anthozoa</u>, <u>Madreporaria</u>, <u>Hydroid</u>.</def> [Written also <i>polype</i>.]</p>

<p><col><b>Fresh-water polyp</b></col>, <cd>the hydra.</cd> — <col><b>Polyp stem</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>that portion of the stem of a siphonophore which bears the polypites, or feeding zooids.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Po*lyp"a*rous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Poly-</i> + L. <i>parere</i> to produce.] <def>Producing or bearing a great number; bringing forth many.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol"y*pa*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Polyparies</b></plw> (#). [See <u>Polyp</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Polypidom</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol"ype</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>See <u>Polyp</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol`y*pe"an</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to a polyp, or polyps.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol`y*pe*ryth"rin</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Polyp</i> + Gr. &?; red.] <i>(Physiol. Chem.)</i> <def>A coloring matter found in many simple Anthozoa and some hydroids.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol`y*pet"al*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Poly-</i> + <i>petal</i>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Consisting of, or having, several or many separate petals; as, a <i>polypetalous</i> corolla, flower, or plant.</def> <i>Martyn.</i></p>

<p><hw>Po*lyph"a*gous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>polyphagus</i>, Gr. &?;; <grk>poly`s</grk> much, many + &?; to eat: cf. F. <i>polyphage</i>.] <def>Eating, or subsisting on, many kinds of food; as, <i>polyphagous</i> animals.</def></p>

<p><hw>Po*lyph""a*gy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The practice or faculty of subsisting on many kinds of food.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol`y*phar"ma*cy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Poly-</i> + Gr. &?; the using of medicine, fr. &?; medicine: cf. F. <i>polypharmacie</i>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The act or practice of prescribing too many medicines.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A prescription made up of many medicines or ingredients.</def> <i>Dunglison.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pol`y*phe"mus</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>Polyphemus</i> the one-eyed Cyclops who was blinded by Ulysses.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A very large American moth (<i>Telea polyphemus</i>) belonging to the Silkworm family (<i>Bombycid&aelig;</i>). Its larva, which is very large, bright green, with silvery tubercles, and with oblique white stripes on the sides, feeds on the oak, chestnut, willow, cherry, apple, and other trees. It produces a large amount of strong silk. Called also <i>American silkworm</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol"y*phone</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A character or vocal sign representing more than one sound, as <i>read</i>, which is pronounced <i>r&emacr;d</i> or <i>r&ebreve;d</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol`y*phon"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;; <grk>poly`s</grk> many + &?; sound: cf. F. <i>polyphone</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Having a multiplicity of sounds.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Characterized by polyphony; as, Assyrian <i>polyphonic</i> characters.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Mus.)</i> <def>Consisting of several tone series, or melodic parts, progressing simultaneously according to the laws of counterpoint; contrapuntal; as, a <i>polyphonic</i> composition; — opposed to <i>homophonic</i>, or <i>monodic</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Po*lyph"o*nism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Polyphony.</def></p>

<p><hw>Po*lyph"o*nist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A proficient in the art of multiplying sounds; a ventriloquist.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Mus.)</i> <def>A master of polyphony; a contrapuntist.</def></p>

<p><hw>Po*lyph"o*nous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Polyphonic</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Po*lyph"o*ny</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Multiplicity of sounds, as in the reverberations of an echo.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Plurality of sounds and articulations expressed by the same vocal sign.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Mus.)</i> <def>Composition in mutually related, equally important parts which share the melody among them; contrapuntal composition; — opposed to <i>homophony</i>, in which the melody is given to one part only, the others filling out the harmony. See <u>Counterpoint</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol"y*phore</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Poly-</i> + Gr. &?; to bear.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A receptacle which bears many ovaries.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol`y*phy*let"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Poly-</i> + Gr. &?; clan.] <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>Pertaining to, or characterized by, descent from more than one root form, or from many different root forms; polygenetic; — opposed to <i>monophyletic</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Po*lyph"yl*lous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;; <grk>poly`s</grk> many + &?; leaf.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Many-leaved; as, a <i>polyphyllous</i> calyx or perianth.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pol"y*pi</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The Anthozoa.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol"y*pide</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of the ordinary zooids of the Bryozoa.</def> [Spellt also <i>polypid</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Po*lyp"i*dom</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Polypus</i> + L. <i>domus</i> house.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A coral, or corallum; also, one of the coral-like structure made by bryozoans and hydroids.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Po`ly`pier"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F.] <def>A polypidom.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pol`y*pif"e*ra</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The Anthozoa.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol*y*pif"er*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Polypus</i> + <i>-ferous</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Bearing polyps, or polypites.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol`y*pip"a*rous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Polypus</i> + L. <i>parere</i> to produce.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Producing polyps.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol"y*pite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>One of the feeding zooids, or polyps, of a coral, hydroid, or siphonophore; a hydranth. See <i>Illust.</i> of <u>Campanularian</u>.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>Sometimes, the manubrium of a hydroid medusa.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Paleon.)</i> <def>A fossil coral.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pol`y*pla*coph"o*ra</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Poly-</u>, and <u>Placophora</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>See <u>Placophora</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol`y*plas"tic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Poly-</i> + <i>-plastic</i>.] <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>Assuming, or having the power of assuming, many forms; as, a <i>polyplastic</i> element which does not preserve its original shape.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol`y*pode</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>polypode</i>. See <u>Polypody</u>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A plant of the genus <i>Polypodium</i>; polypody.</def> [Written also <i>polypod</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Pol"y*pode</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;, &?;, the wood louse, milleped: cf. F. <i>polypode</i>. See <u>Polyp</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>An animal having many feet; a myriapod.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol"y*po`di*um</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., fr. Gr. &?;, dim. of &?;. See <u>Polyp</u>, and cf. 2d <u>Polypode</u>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A genus of plants of the order <i>Filices</i> or ferns. The fructifications are in uncovered roundish points, called <i>sori</i>, scattered over the inferior surface of the frond or leaf. There are numerous species.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol"y*po`dy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Any plant of the genus <i>Polypodium</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol"y*poid</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Polyp</i> + <i>- oid</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Like a polyp; having the nature of a polyp, but lacking the tentacles or other parts.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Resembling a polypus in appearance; having a character like that of a polypus.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pol`y*po*me*du"s&aelig;</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Polyp</u>, and <u>Medusa</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Hydrozoa</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Po*lyp"o*rous</hw> (?; 277), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Poly-</i> + <i>porous</i>.] <def>Having many pores.</def> <i>Wright.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Po*lyp"o*rus</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Polypori</b></plw> (#). [NL., fr. Gr. <grk>poly`s</grk> many + &?; a pore.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A genus of fungi having the under surface full of minute pores; also, any fungus of this genus.</def></p>

<p>&fist; <i>Polyporus fomentarius</i> was formerly dried and cut in slices for tinder, called <i>amadou</i>. <i>P. betulinus</i> is common in America, and forms very large thick white semicircular excrescences on birch trees. Several species of <i>Polyporous</i> are considered edible.</p>

<p><hw>Pol"y*pous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>polypeux</i>. See <u>Polyp</u>.] <def>Of the nature of a polypus; having many feet or roots, like the polypus; affected with polypus.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pol`y*prag*mat"ic</hw> (?), <hw>Pol`y*prag*mat"ic*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Poly-</i> + <i>pragmatic</i>, <i>- ical</i>.] <def>Overbusy; officious.</def> [R.] <i>Heywood.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pol`y*prag"ma*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Poly-</i> + Gr. &?; business.] <def>The state of being overbusy.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>||Pol`y*pro`to*don"ta</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. <grk>poly`s</grk> many + &?; first + &?;, &?;, tooth.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A division of marsupials in which there are more fore incisor teeth in each jaw.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Po*lyp`te*roi"de*i</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Polypterus</u>, and <u>-oid</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A suborder of existing ganoid fishes having numerous fins along the back. The bichir, or Polypterus, is the type. See <i>Illust.</i> under <u>Crossopterygian</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Po*lyp`te*rus</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. <grk>poly`s</grk> many + &?; feather, wing.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>An African genus of ganoid fishes including the bichir.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pol`yp*to"ton</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., fr. Gr. &?; having, or being in, many cases; <grk>poly`s</grk> many + &?; case.] <i>(Rhet.)</i> <def>A figure by which a word is repeated in different forms, cases, numbers, genders, etc., as in Tennyson's line, — "My own heart's heart, and ownest own, farewell."</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol"y*pus</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> E. <plw><b>Polypuses</b></plw> (#), L. <plw><b>Polypi</b></plw> (#). [L. See <u>Polyp</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Polyp</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>A tumor, usually with a narrow base, somewhat resembling a pear, — found in the nose, uterus, etc., and produced by hypertrophy of some portion of the mucous membrane.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol`y*rhi"zous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;; <grk>poly`s</grk> many + &?; root.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Having numerous roots, or rootlets.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol`y*sche"ma*tist</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Poly-</i> + Gr. &?; form, manner.] <def>Having, or existing in, many different forms or fashions; multiform.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol"y*scope</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; farseeing; <grk>poly`s</grk> much, many + &?; to view: cf. F. <i>polyscope</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Opt.)</i> <def>A glass which makes a single object appear as many; a multiplying glass.</def> <i>Hutton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>An apparatus for affording a view of the different cavities of the body.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol`y*sep"al*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Poly-</i> + <i>sepal</i>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Having the sepals separate from each other.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol`y*si*lic"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Poly-</i> + <i>silicic</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to compounds formed by the condensation of two or more molecules of silicic acid.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Polysilicic acid</b></col> <i>(Chem.)</i>, <cd>any one of a series of acids formed by the condensation of two or more molecules of silicic acid, with elimination of water.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pol"y*spast</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>polyspaston</i>, fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; drawn by several cords; <grk>poly`s</grk> many + &?; to draw: cf. F. <i>polyspaste</i>.] <i>(Surg.)</i> <def>A machine consisting of many pulleys; specifically, an apparatus formerly used for reducing luxations.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol`y*sper"mous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;; <grk>poly`s</grk> many + &?; seed.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Containing many seeds; as, a <i>polyspermous</i> capsule or berry.</def> <i>Martyn.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pol"y*sper`my</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>Fullness of sperm, or seed; the passage of more than one spermatozo&ouml;n into the vitellus in the impregnation of the ovum.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol`y*spor"ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Poly-</i> + <i>spore</i>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Containing many spores.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pol`y*stom"a*ta</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., from Gr. <grk>poly`s</grk> many + &?;, &?;, mouth.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A division of trematode worms having more two suckers. Called also <i>Polystomea</i> and <i>Polystoma</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol"y*stome</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; many- mouthed; <grk>poly`s</grk> + <grk>sto`ma</grk> mouth.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Having many mouths.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol"y*stome</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>An animal having many mouths; — applied to Protozoa.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol"y*style</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; with many columns; <grk>poly`s</grk> many + &?; column: cf. F. <i>polystyle</i>.] <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>Having many columns; — said of a building, especially of an interior part or court; as, a <i>polystyle</i> hall.</def> — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A polystyle hall or edifice.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol`y*sul"phide</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Poly-</i> + <i>sulphide</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A sulphide having more than one atom of sulphur in the molecule; — contrasted with <i>monosulphide</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol`y*sul"phu*ret</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A polysulphide.</def> [Obsoles.]</p>

<p>{ <hw>Pol`y*syl*lab"ic</hw> (?), <hw>Pol`y*syl*lab"ic*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;; <grk>poly`s</grk> many + &?; syllable: cf. F. <i>polysyllabique</i>.] <def>Pertaining to a polysyllable; containing, or characterized by, polysyllables; consisting of more than three syllables.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol`y*syl*lab"i*cism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Polysyllabism.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol`y*syl`la*bic"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Polysyllabism.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol`y*syl"la*bism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality or state of being polysyllabic.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol"y*syl`la*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Poly-</i> + <i>syllable</i>.] <def>A word of many syllables, or consisting of more syllables than three; — words of less than four syllables being called <i>monosyllables</i>, <i>dissyllables</i>, and <i>trisyllables</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol`y*syn*det"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Characterized by polysyndeton, or the multiplication of conjunctions.</def> — <wf>Pol`y*syn*det"ic*al*ly</wf> (#), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>||Pol`y*syn"de*ton</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., from Gr. <grk>poly`s</grk> many + &?; bound together, fr. &?; to bind together; &?; with + &?; to bind.] <i>(Rhet.)</i> <def>A figure by which the conjunction is often repeated, as in the sentence, "We have ships and men and money and stores." Opposed to <i>asyndeton</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol`y*syn"the*sis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Poly-</i> + <i>synthesis</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act or process of combining many separate elements into a whole.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Philol.)</i> <def>The formation of a word by the combination of several simple words, as in the aboriginal languages of America; agglutination.</def> <i>Latham.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pol`y*syn*thet"ic</hw> (-s&ibreve;n*th&ebreve;t"&ibreve;k), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Poly-</i> + <i>synthetic</i>.] <def>Characterized by polysynthesis; agglutinative.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Polysynthetic twinning</b></col> <i>(Min.)</i>, <cd>repeated twinning, like that of the triclinic feldspar, producing fine parallel bands in alternately reversed positions.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pol`y*syn*thet"i*cism</hw> (-&ibreve;*s&ibreve;z'm), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Polysynthesis.</def></p>

<p><! p. 1112 !></p>

<p><hw>Pol`y*tech"nic</hw> (p&obreve;l`&ibreve;*t&ebreve;k"n&ibreve;k), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>poly`technos</grk>; <grk>poly`s</grk> many + <grk>te`chnh</grk> an art: cf. F. <i>polytechnique</i>.] <def>Comprehending, or relating to, many arts and sciences; — applied particularly to schools in which many branches of art and science are taught with especial reference to their practical application; also to exhibitions of machinery and industrial products.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol`y*tech"nic*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Polytechnic.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol`y*tech"nics</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The science of the mechanic arts.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pol`y*tha*la"mi*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Polythalamous</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A division of Foraminifera including those having a manychambered shell.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol`y*thal"a*mous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Poly-</i> + Gr. &?; a chamber.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Many-chambered; — applied to shells of Foraminifera and cephalopods. See <i>Illust.</i> of <u>Nautilus</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol"y*the*ism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Poly-</i> + Gr. &?; cf. F. <i>polyth&eacute;isme</i>.] <def>The doctrine of, or belief in, a plurality of gods.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>In the Old Testament, the gradual development of <i>polytheism</i> from the primitive monotheism may be learned.</blockquote> <i>Shaff-Herzog.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pol"y*the*ist</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>polyth&eacute;iste</i>.] <def>One who believes in, or maintains the doctrine of, a plurality of gods.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pol`y*the*is"tic</hw> (?), <hw>Pol`y*the*is"tic*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to polytheism; characterized by polytheism; professing or advocating polytheism; as, <i>polytheistic</i> worship; a <i>polytheistic</i> author, or nation.</def> — <wf>Pol`y*the*is"tic*al*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Pol"y*the*ize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To adhere to, advocate, or inculcate, the doctrine of polytheism.</def> <i>Milman.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pol`y*the"lism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Poly-</i> + Gr. <grk>qhlh`</grk> a nipple.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>The condition of having more than two teats, or nipples.</def></p>

<p><hw>Po*lyt"o*cous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;; <grk>poly`s</grk> many + &?; offspring.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Bearing fruit repeatedly, as most perennial plants; polycarpic.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Producing many or young.</def></p>

<p><hw>Po*lyt"o*mous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Poly-</i> + Gr. &?; a cutting, fr. &?; to cut.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Subdivided into many distinct subordinate parts, which, however, not being jointed to the petiole, are not true leaflets; — said of leaves.</def> <i>Henslow.</i></p>

<p><hw>Po*lyt"o*my</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Logic)</i> <def>A division into many members.</def> <i>F. Bowen.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pol`y*tung"state</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A salt of polytungstic acid.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol`y*tung"stic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Containing several tungsten atoms or radicals; as, <i>polytungstic</i> acid.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Polytungstic acid</b></col> <i>(Chem.)</i>, <cd>any one of several complex acids of tungsten containing more than one atom of tungsten.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pol"y*type</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Poly-</i> + <i>- type</i>.] <i>(Print.)</i> <def>A cast, or facsimile copy, of an engraved block, matter in type, etc. (see citation); as, a <i>polytype</i> in relief.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>By pressing the wood cut into semifluid metal, an intaglio matrix is produced: and from this matrix, in a similar way, a <i>polytype</i> in relief is obtained.</blockquote> <i>Hansard.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pol"y*type</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Print.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to polytypes; obtained by polytyping; as, a <i>polytype</i> plate.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol"y*type</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Polytyped</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Polytyping</u> (?).] <i>(Print.)</i> <def>To produce a polytype of; as, to <i>polytype</i> an engraving.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pol`y*u"ri*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Poly- </u>, and <u>Urine</u>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>A persistently excessive flow of watery urine, with low specific gravity and without the presence of either albumin or sugar. It is generally accompanied with more or less thirst.</def></p>

<p><hw>Po*lyv"a*lent</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Poly-</i> + L. <i>valens</i>, p. pr. See <u>Valent</u>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Multivalent.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol"yve</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Polive</u>.] <def>A pulley.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>||Pol`y*zo"a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. <grk>poly`s</grk> many + &?; an animal.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Bryozoa</u>. See <i>Illust.</i> under <u>Bryozoa</u>, and <u>Phylactol&aelig;mata</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol`y*zo"an</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>Any species of Polyzoa; one of the Polyzoa.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A polyzo&ouml;n.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pol`y*zo*a"ri*um</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Polyzoaria</b></plw> (#). [NL.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Polyzoary</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol`y*zo"a*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The compound organism of a polyzoan.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pol`y*zon"al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Poly-</i> + <i>zonal</i>.] <def>Consisting of many zones or rings.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Polyzonal lens</b></col> <i>(Opt.)</i>, <cd>a lens made up of pieces arranged zones or rings, — used in the lanterns of lighthouses.</cd></p>

<p><hw>||Pol`y*zo"&ouml;n</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Polyzoa</b></plw> (#). [NL. See <u>Polyzoan</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of the individual zooids forming the compound organism of a polyzoan.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pom"ace</hw> (?; 277), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>ponum</i> a fruit, LL., an apple: cf. LL. <i>pomagium</i>, <i>pomacium</i>.] <def>The substance of apples, or of similar fruit, crushed by grinding.</def></p>

<p><hw>Po`ma*cen"troid</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; a cover + &?; a prickle + <i>-oid</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Pertaining to the <i>Pomacentrid&aelig;</i>, a family of bright-colored tropical fishes having spiny opercula; — often called <i>coral fishes</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Po*ma"ceous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [LL. <i>ponum</i> an apple.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>Like an apple or pear; producing pomes.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>Of or pertaining to a suborder (<i>Pome&aelig;</i>) of rosaceous plants, which includes the true thorn trees, the quinces, service berries, medlars, and loquats, as well as the apples, pears, crabs, etc.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Like pomace.</def></p>

<p><hw>Po*made"</hw> (?; 277), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>pommade</i> pomatum, OF. <i>pomade</i> cider (cf. Sp. <i>pomada</i>, It. <i>pomata</i>, LL. <i>pomata</i> a drink made of apples), from L. <i>pomum</i> fruit, LL., an apple. Cf. <u>Pomatum</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Cider.</def> [Obs.] <i>Piers Plowman.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Perfumed ointment; esp., a fragrant unguent for the hair; pomatum; — originally made from apples.</def></p>

<p><hw>Po*man"der</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Sp. <i>poma</i>.] <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A perfume to be carried with one, often in the form of a ball.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A box to contain such perfume, formerly carried by ladies, as at the end of a chain; — more properly <i>pomander box</i>.</def> [Obs.] <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><hw>Po"ma*rine</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; a lid + &?;, &?;, nose.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Having the nostril covered with a scale.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Pomarine jager</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a North Atlantic jager (<i>Stercorarius pomarinus</i>) having the elongated middle tail feathers obtuse. The adult is black.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Po*ma"tum</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Pomade</u>.] <def>A perfumed unguent or composition, chiefly used in dressing the hair; pomade.</def> <i>Wiseman.</i></p>

<p><hw>Po*ma"tum</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To dress with pomatum.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pome</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>pomum</i> a fruit: cf. F. <i>pomme</i> apple. Cf. <u>Pomade</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A fruit composed of several cartilaginous or bony carpels inclosed in an adherent fleshy mass, which is partly receptacle and partly calyx, as an apple, quince, or pear.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(R. C. Ch.)</i> <def>A ball of silver or other metal, which is filled with hot water, and used by the priest in cold weather to warm his hands during the service.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pome</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>pommer</i>. See <u>Pome</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <def>To grow to a head, or form a head in growing.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Pome"gran`ate</hw> (?; 277), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>pomgarnet</i>, OF. <i>pome de grenate</i>, F. <i>grenade</i>, L. <i>pomum</i> a fruit + <i>granatus</i> grained, having many grains or seeds. See <u>Pome</u>, and <u>Garnet</u>, <u>Grain</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The fruit of the tree <i>Punica Granatum</i>; also, the tree itself (see <u>Balaustine</u>), which is native in the Orient, but is successfully cultivated in many warm countries, and as a house plant in colder climates. The fruit is as large as an orange, and has a hard rind containing many rather large seeds, each one separately covered with crimson, acid pulp.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A carved or embroidered ornament resembling a pomegranate.</def> <i>Ex. xxviii. 33.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pom"el</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A pommel.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pom"e*lo</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. <u>Pompelmous</u>.] <def>A variety of shaddock, called also <i>grape fruit</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pome"ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [OF. <i>pomel&eacute;</i>, F. <i>pommel&eacute;</i>. See <u>Pome</u>.] <def>Dappled.</def> [Obs.] "<i>Pomely</i> gray." <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pom`e*ra"ni*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to Pomerania, a province of Prussia on the Baltic Sea.</def> — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A native or inhabitant of Pomerania.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Pomeranian dog</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the loup- loup, or Spitz dog.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pome"wa`ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A kind of sweet, juicy apple.</def> [Written also <i>pomwater</i>.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pom"ey</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Pomeys</b></plw> (#). [F. <i>pomm&eacute;</i> grown round, or like an apple, p. p. of <i>pommer</i> to pome.] <i>(Her.)</i> <def>A figure supposed to resemble an apple; a roundel, — always of a green color.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pom"fret</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Perhaps corrupt. fr. Pg. <i>pampano</i> a kind of fish.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>One of two or more species of marine food fishes of the genus <i>Stromateus</i> (<i>S. niger</i>, <i>S. argenteus</i>) native of Southern Europe and Asia.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A marine food fish of Bermuda (<i>Brama Raji</i>).</def></p>

<p><hw>Po*mif"er*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>pomifer</i>; <i>pomum</i> fruit + <i>ferre</i> to bear: cf. F. <i>pomif&egrave;re</i>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>Bearing pomes, or applelike fruits.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>Bearing fruits, or excrescences, more or less resembling an apple.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pom"mage</hw> (?; 48), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Pomage</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pom`m&eacute;"</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [F. See <u>Pomey</u>.] <i>(Her.)</i> <def>Having the ends terminating in rounded protuberances or single balls; — said of a cross.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pomme` blanche"</hw> (?). [F., literally, white apple.] <def>The prairie turnip. See under <u>Prairie</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pom"mel</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>pomel</i>, OF. <i>pomel</i>, F. <i>pommeau</i>, LL. <i>pomellus</i>, fr. L. <i>pomum</i> fruit, LL. also, an apple. See <u>Pome</u>.] <def>A knob or ball; an object resembling a ball in form</def>; as: <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The knob on the hilt of a sword.</def> <i>Macaulay.</i> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The knob or protuberant part of a saddlebow.</def> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <def>The top (of the head).</def> <i>Chaucer.</i> <sd><i>(d)</i></sd> <def>A knob forming the finial of a turret or pavilion.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pom"mel</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Pommeled</u> (?) or <u>Pommelled</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Pommeling</u> or <u>Pommelling</u>.] <def>To beat soundly, as with the pommel of a sword, or with something knoblike; hence, to beat with the fists.</def> [Written also <i>pummel</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Pom*mel"ion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Pommel</u>: cf. LL. <i>pomilio</i> pygmy.] <i>(Mil.)</i> <def>The cascabel, or hindmost knob, of a cannon.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>||Pom`met`t&eacute;"</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [F.] <def>Having two balls or protuberances at each end; — said of a cross.</def></p>

<p><hw>Po`mo*log"ic*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>pomologique</i>.] <def>Of or pertaining to pomology.</def></p>

<p><hw>Po*mol"o*gist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One versed in pomology; one who culticvates fruit trees.</def></p>

<p><hw>Po*mol"o*gy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>pomum</i> fruit + <i>-logy</i>: cf. F. <i>pomologie</i>.] <def>The science of fruits; a treatise on fruits; the cultivation of fruits and fruit trees.</def></p>

<p><hw>Po*mo"na</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., from <i>pomum</i> fruit.] <i>(Class. Myth.)</i> <def>The goddess of fruits and fruit trees.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pomp</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>pompe</i>, F. <i>pompe</i>, L. <i>pompa</i>, fr. Gr. &?; a sending, a solemn procession, pomp, fr. &?; to send. Cf. <u>Pump</u> a shoe.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A procession distinguished by ostentation and splendor; a pageant.</def> "All the <i>pomps</i> of a Roman triumph." <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Show of magnificence; parade; display; power.</def></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Display; parade; pageant; pageantry; splendor; state; magnificence; ostentation; grandeur; pride.</p>

<p><hw>Pomp</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To make a pompons display; to conduct.</def> [Obs.] <i>B. Jonson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pom"pa*dour</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A crimson or pink color; also, a style of dress cut low and square in the neck; also, a mode of dressing the hair by drawing it straight back from the forehead over a roll; — so called after the Marchioness de <i>Pompadour</i> of France. Also much used adjectively.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pom"pa*no</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Sp. <i>p&aacute;mpano</i>.] [Written also <i>pampano</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Any one of several species of marine fishes of the genus <i>Trachynotus</i>, of which four species are found on the Atlantic coast of the United States; — called also <i>palometa</i>.</def></p>

<p>&fist; They have a brilliant silvery or golden luster, and are highly esteemed as food fishes. The round pompano (<i>T. thomboides</i>) and the Carolina pompano (<i>T. Carolinus</i>) are the most common. Other species occur on the Pacific coast.</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A California harvest fish (<i>Stromateus simillimus</i>), highly valued as a food fish.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Pompano shell</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a small bivalve shell of the genus <i>Donax</i>; — so called because eaten by the pompano.</cd> [Florida]</p>

<p><hw>Pom*pat"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>pompaticus</i>.] <def>Pompous.</def> [Obs.] <i>Barrow.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pom"pel*mous</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Pompelmouses</b></plw> (#). [D. <i>pompelmoes</i>; cf. G. <i>pompelmuse</i>, F. <i>pamplemousse</i>, and F. <i>pompol&eacute;on</i>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A shaddock, esp. one of large size.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pom"pet</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>pompette</i>.] <i>(Print.)</i> <def>The ball formerly used to ink the type.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pom"pho*lyx</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., fr. Gr. &?; a bubble, the slag on the surface of smelted ore, from &?; a blister.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Old Chem.)</i> <def>Impure zinc oxide.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>A skin disease in which there is an eruption of bull&aelig;, without inflammation or fever.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pom*pil"lion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>An ointment or pomatum made of black poplar buds.</def> [Obs.] <i>Cotgrave.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pom"pi*on</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>pompon</i>. See <u>Pumpkin</u>.] <def>See <u>Pumpion</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pom"pire</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>pomum</i> a fruit, LL. also, an apple + <i>pirum</i> a pear.] <def>A pearmain.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Pom*po"le*on</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>See <u>Pompelmous</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pom"pon</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Any trifling ornament for a woman's dress or bonnet.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Mil.)</i> <def>A tuft or ball of wool, or the like, sometimes worn by soldiers on the front of the hat, instead of a feather.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pom*pos"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Pomposities</b></plw> (&?;). <def>The quality or state of being pompous; pompousness.</def> <i>Thackeray.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Pom*po"so</hw> (?), <pos><i>a. & adv.</i></pos> [It.] <i>(Mus.)</i> <def>Grand and dignified; in grand style.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pomp"ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [F. <i>pompeux</i>, L. <i>pomposus</i>. See <u>Pomp</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Displaying pomp; stately; showy with grandeur; magnificent; as, a <i>pompous</i> procession.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Ostentatious; pretentious; boastful; vainlorious; as, <i>pompous</i> manners; a <i>pompous</i> style.</def> "<i>Pompous</i> in high presumption." <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>he <i>pompous</i> vanity of the old schoolmistress.</blockquote> <i>Thackeray.</i></p>

<p>— <wf>Pom"ous*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Pomp"ous*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Pomp"tine</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Pontine</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pom"wa`ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Pomewater</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pon"cho</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Ponchos</b></plw> (&?;). [Sp.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A kind of cloak worn by the Spanish Americans, having the form of a blanket, with a slit in the middle for the head to pass through. A kind of <i>poncho</i> made of rubber or painted cloth is used by the mounted troops in the United States service.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A trade name for camlets, or stout worsteds.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pond</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Probably originally, an inclosed body of water, and the same word as <i>pound</i>. See <u>Pound</u> an inclosure.] <def>A body of water, naturally or artificially confined, and usually of less extent than a lake.</def> "Through <i>pond</i> or pool." <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Pond hen</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the American coot. See <u>Coot</u> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd>.</cd> — <col><b>Pond lily</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>the water lily. See under <u>Water</u>, and <i>Illust.</i> under <u>Nymph&aelig;a</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Pond snail</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>any gastropod living in fresh-water ponds or lakes. The most common kinds are air- breathing snails (<i>Pulmonifera</i>) belonging to Limn&aelig;a, Physa, Planorbis, and allied genera. The operculated species are pectinibranchs, belonging to <i>Melantho</i>, <i>Valvata</i>, and various other genera.</cd> — <col><b>Pond spice</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>an American shrub (<i>Tetranthera geniculata</i>) of the Laurel family, with small oval leaves, and axillary clusters of little yellow flowers. The whole plant is spicy. It grows in ponds and swamps from Virginia to Florida.</cd> — <col><b>Pond tortoise</b></col>, <col><b>Pond turtle</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>any freshwater tortoise of the family <i>Emydid&aelig;</i>. Numerous species are found in North America.</cd></p>

<p><! p. 1113 !></p>

<p><hw>Pond</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To make into a pond; to collect, as water, in a pond by damming.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pond</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [See <u>Ponder</u>.] <def>To ponder.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Pleaseth you, <i>pond</i> your suppliant's plaint.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pon"der</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Pondered</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Pondering</u>.] [L. <i>ponderare</i>, fr. <i>pondus</i>, <i>ponderis</i>, a weight, fr. <i>pendere</i> to weigh: cf. F. <i>pond&eacute;rer</i>. See <u>Pendant</u>, and cf. <u>Pound</u> a weight.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To weigh.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To weigh in the mind; to view with deliberation; to examine carefully; to consider attentively.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Ponder</i> the path of thy feet.</blockquote> <i>Prov. iv. 26.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — To <u>Ponder</u>, <u>Consider</u>, <u>Muse</u>. To <i>consider</i> means to view or contemplate with fixed thought. To <i>ponder</i> is to dwell upon with long and anxious attention, with a view to some practical result or decision. To <i>muse</i> is simply to think upon continuously with no definite object, or for the pleasure it gives. We <i>consider</i> any subject which is fairly brought before us; we <i>ponder</i> a concern involving great interests; we <i>muse</i> on the events of childhood.</p>

<p><hw>Pon"der</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To think; to deliberate; to muse; — usually followed by <i>on</i> or <i>over</i>.</def> <i>Longfellow.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pon`der*a*bil"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>pond&eacute;rabilit&eacute;</i>.] <def>The quality or state of being ponderable.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pon"der*a*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>ponderabilis</i>: cf. F. <i>pond&eacute;rable</i>.] <def>Capable of being weighed; having appreciable weight.</def> — <wf>Pon"der*a*ble*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Pon"der*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>pond&eacute;ral</i>.] <def>Estimated or ascertained by weight; — distinguished from <i>numeral</i>; as, a <i>ponderal</i> drachma.</def> [R.] <i>Arbuthnot.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pon"der*ance</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>ponderans</i>, p. pr. of <i>ponderare</i> to weigh: cf. OF. <i>ponderant</i> of weight.] <def>Weight; gravity.</def> [R.] <i>Gregory.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pon"der*a*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to weight; as, a <i>ponderary</i> system.</def> [R.] <i>M'Culloch.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pon"der*ate</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [L. <i>ponderatus</i>, p. p. of <i>ponderare</i>. See <u>Ponder</u>.] <def>To consider; to ponder.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Pon"der*ate</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To have weight or influence.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Pon`der*a"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>ponderatio</i>: cf. F. <i>pond&eacute;ration</i>.] <def>The act of weighing.</def> [R.] <i>Arbuthnot.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pon"der*er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who ponders.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pon"der*ing</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Deliberating.</def> — <wf>Pon"der*ing*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Pon`der*os"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Ponderosities</b></plw> (#). [OF. <i>ponderosit&eacute;</i>.] <def>The quality or state of being ponderous; weight; gravity; heaviness, ponderousness; as, the <i>ponderosity</i> of gold.</def> <i>Ray.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pon"der*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>ponderosus</i>, from <i>pondus</i>, <i>-eris</i>, a weight: cf. F. <i>pond&eacute;reux</i>. See <u>Ponder</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Very heavy; weighty; as, a <i>ponderous</i> shield; a <i>ponderous</i> load; the <i>ponderous</i> elephant.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The sepulcher . . . <BR> Hath oped his <i>ponderous</i> and marble jaws.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Important; momentous; forcible.</def> "Your more <i>ponderous</i> and settled project." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Heavy; dull; wanting; lightless or spirit; as, a <i>ponderous</i> style; a <i>ponderous</i> joke.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Ponderous spar</b></col> <i>(Min.)</i>, <cd>heavy spar, or barytes. See <u>Barite</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pon"der*ous*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a ponderous manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pon"der*ous*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality or state of being ponderous; ponderosity.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pond"fish`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any one of numerous species of American fresh-water fishes belonging to the family <i>Centrarchid&aelig;</i>; — called also <i>pond perch</i>, and <i>sunfish</i>.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The common pondfish of New England (<i>Lepomis gibbosus</i>) is called also <i>bream</i>, <i>pumpkin seed</i>, and <i>sunny</i>. See <u>Sunfish</u>. The long-eared pondfish (<i>Lepomis auritus</i>) of the Eastern United States is distinguished by its very long opercular flap.</p>

<p><hw>Pond"weed`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Any aquatic plant of the genus <i>Potamogeton</i>, of which many species are found in ponds or slow-moving rivers.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Choke pondweed</b></col>, <cd>an American water weed (<i>Anarcharis, or Elodea, Canadensis</i>.) See <u>Anacharis</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Horned pondweed</b></col>, <cd>the <i>Zannichellia palustris</i>, a slender, branching aquatic plant, having pointed nutlets.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pone</hw> (p&omacr;n), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Of Amer. Indian origin.] <def>A kind of johnnycake.</def> [Written also <i>paune</i>.] [Southern U. S.]</p>

<p><hw>Po"nent</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [OF., fr. It. <i>ponente</i>, properly, setting (applied to the setting sun), fr. L. <i>ponens</i>, p. pr. of <i>ponere</i> to set, put.] <def>Western; occidental.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Forth rush the levant and the <i>ponent</i> winds.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pon*gee"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Of East Indian origin.] <def>A fabric of undyed silk from India and China.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pon*ghee"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From the native name.] <def>A Buddhist priest of the higher orders in Burmah.</def> <i>Malcom.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pon"go</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any large ape; especially, the chimpanzee and the orang- outang.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pon"iard</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>poignard</i> (cf. It. <i>pugnale</i>, Sp. <i>pu&ntilde;al</i>), fr. L. <i>pugio</i>, <i>-onis</i>; probably akin to <i>pugnus</i> fist, or fr. <i>pugnus</i> fist, as held in the fist. See <u>Pugnacious</u>.] <def>A kind of dagger, — usually a slender one with a triangular or square blade.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>She speaks <i>poniards</i>, and every word stabs.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pon"iard</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Poniarded</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Poniarding</u>.] <def>To pierce with a poniard; to stab.</def> <i>Cowper.</i></p>

<p><hw>Po`ni*bil"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>ponere</i> to place.] <def>The capability of being placed or located.</def> [Obs.] <i>Barrow.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Pons</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Pontes</b></plw> (#). [L., a bridge.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>A bridge; — applied to several parts which connect others, but especially to the <i>pons Varolii</i>, a prominent band of nervous tissue situated on the ventral side of the medulla oblongata and connected at each side with the hemispheres of the cerebellum; the mesocephalon. See <u>Brain</u>.</def></p>

<p><col><b>||Pons asinorum</b></col>. [L., literally, bridge of asses.] <cd>See <i>Asses' bridge</i>, under <u>Ass</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pon"tage</hw> (?; 48), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [LL. <i>pontagium</i>, from L. <i>pons</i>, <i>pontis</i>, a bridge: cf. F. <i>pontage</i>.] <i>(O. Eng. Law)</i> <def>A duty or tax paid for repairing bridges.</def> <i>Ayliffe.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pon*tee"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>pontil</i>, <i>pontis</i>.] <i>(Glass Making)</i> <def>An iron rod used by glass makers for manipulating the hot glass; — called also, <i>puntil</i>, <i>puntel</i>, <i>punty</i>, and <i>ponty</i>. See <u>Fascet</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pon"tic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>Ponticus</i>, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; the sea, especially, the Black Sea.] <def>Of or pertaining to the Pontus, Euxine, or Black Sea.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pon"ti*fex</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Pontifices</b></plw> (#). [L.] <def>A high priest; a pontiff.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pon"tiff</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>pontife</i>, L. <i>pontifex</i>, <i>-ficis</i>; <i>pons</i>, <i>pontis</i>, a bridge (perhaps originally, a way, path) + <i>facere</i> to make. Cf. <u>Pontoon</u>.] <def>A high priest.</def> Especially: <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>One of the sacred college, in ancient Rome, which had the supreme jurisdiction over all matters of religion, at the head of which was the <i>Pontifex Maximus</i>.</def> <i>Dr. W. Smith.</i> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <i>(Jewish Antiq.)</i> <def>The chief priest.</def> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <i>(R. C. Ch.)</i> <def>The pope.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pon*tif"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. L. <i>pontificius</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Relating to, or consisting of, pontiffs or priests.</def> "The <i>pontific</i> college with their augurs and flamens." <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Of or pertaining to the pope; papal.</def> <i>Shenstone.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pon*tif"ic*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>pontificalis</i>: cf. F. <i>pontifical</i>. See <u>Pontiff</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Of or pertaining to a pontiff, or high priest; as, <i>pontifical</i> authority; hence, belonging to the pope; papal.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Of or pertaining to the building of bridges.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Now had they brought the work by wondrous art<BR> <i>Pontifical</i>, a ridge of pendent rock<BR> Over the vexed abyss.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pon*tif"ic*al</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A book containing the offices, or formulas, used by a pontiff.</def> <i>South.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>pl.</i> <def>The dress and ornaments of a pontiff.</def> "Dressed in full <i>pontificals</i>." <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pon*tif`i*cal"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The state and government of the pope; the papacy.</def> [R.] <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pon*tif"ic*al*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a pontifical manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pon*tif"i*cate</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>pontificatus</i>: cf. F. <i>pontificat</i>. See <u>Pontiff</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The state or dignity of a high priest; specifically, the office of the pope.</def> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The term of office of a pontiff.</def> <i>Milman.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pon*tif"i*cate</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <i>(R. C. Ch.)</i> <def>To perform the duty of a pontiff.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pon"ti*fice</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>pons</i>, <i>pontis</i>, a bridge + <i>facere</i> to make. Cf. <u>Pontiff</u>.] <def>Bridgework; structure or edifice of a bridge.</def> [R.] <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pon`ti*fi"cial</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>pontificius</i>.] <def>Papal; pontifical.</def> [Obs.] "<i>Pontificial</i> writers." <i>Burton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pon`ti*fi"cian</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to the pontiff or pope.</def> [Obs.] <i>Bp. Hall.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pon`ti*fi"cian</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who adheres to the pope or papacy; a papist.</def> [Obs.] <i>Bp. Montagu.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pon"til</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Pontee</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pon"tile</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>pontilis</i> pertaining to a bridge.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to the pons Varolii. See <u>Pons</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pon"tine</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>Pontinus</i> or <i>Pomptinus</i>, an appellation given to a district in Latium, near <i>Pometia</i>.] <def>Of or pertaining to an extensive marshy district between Rome and Naples.</def> [Written also <i>Pomptine</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Pont"le*vis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., properly, a drawbridge.] <i>(Man.)</i> <def>The action of a horse in rearing repeatedly and dangerously.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pon*ton"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F.] <def>See <u>Pontoon</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pon*toon"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>ponton</i> (cf. It. <i>pontone</i>), from L. <i>ponto</i>, <i>-onis</i>, fr. <i>pons</i>, <i>pontis</i>, a bridge, perhaps originally, a way, path: cf. Gr. &?; path, Skr. <i>path</i>, <i>pathi</i>, <i>panthan</i>. Cf. <u>Punt</u> a boat.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Mil.)</i> <def>A wooden flat-bottomed boat, a metallic cylinder, or a frame covered with canvas, India rubber, etc., forming a portable float, used in building bridges quickly for the passage of troops.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>A low, flat vessel, resembling a barge, furnished with cranes, capstans, and other machinery, used in careening ships, raising weights, drawing piles, etc., chiefly in the Mediterranean; a lighter.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Pontoon bridge</b></col>, <cd>a bridge formed with pontoons.</cd> — <col><b>Pontoon train</b></col>, <cd>the carriages of the pontoons, and the materials they carry for making a pontoon bridge.</cd></p>

<p>&fist; The French spelling <i>ponton</i> often appears in scientific works, but <i>pontoon</i> is more common form.</p>

<p><hw>Pon*toon"ing</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The act, art, or process of constructing pontoon bridges.</def> "Army instruction in <i>pontooning</i>." <i>Gen. W. T. Shermah.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pont`vo*lant"</hw> (?; F. ?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>pont</i> bridge + <i>volant</i> flying.] <i>(Mil.)</i> <def>A kind of light bridge, used in sieges, for surprising a post or outwork which has but a narrow moat; a flying bridge.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pon"ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Class Making)</i> <def>See <u>Pontee</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Po"ny</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Ponies</b></plw> (&?;). [Written also <i>poney</i>.] [Gael. <i>ponaidh</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A small horse.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Twenty-five pounds sterling.</def> [Slang, Eng.]</p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A translation or a key used to avoid study in getting lessons; a crib.</def> [College Cant]</p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>A small glass of beer.</def> [Slang]</p>

<p><col><b>Pony chaise</b></col>, <cd>a light, low chaise, drawn by a pony or a pair of ponies.</cd> — <col><b>Pony engine</b></col>, <cd>a small locomotive for switching cars from one track to another.</cd> [U.S.] — <col><b>Pony truck</b></col> <i>(Locomotive Engine)</i>, <cd>a truck which has only two wheels.</cd> — <col><b>Pony truss</b></col> <i>(Bridge Building)</i>, <cd>a truss which has so little height that overhead bracing can not be used.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pood</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Russ. <i>pud'</i>.] <def>A Russian weight, equal to forty Russian pounds or about thirty-six English pounds avoirdupois.</def></p>

<p><hw>Poo"dle</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [G. <i>pudel</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A breed of dogs having curly hair, and often showing remarkable intelligence in the performance of tricks.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pooh</hw> (?), <pos><i>interj.</i></pos> [Of. imitative origin; cf. Icel. <i>p&umacr;</i>.] <def>Pshaw! pish! nonsense! — an expression of scorn, dislike, or contempt.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pooh`-pooh"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To make light of; to treat with derision or contempt, as if by saying <i>pooh</i>! <i>pooh</i>!</def> [Colloq.] <i>Thackeray.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Poo"koo</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From the native name.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A red African antelope (<i>Kobus Vardoni</i>) allied to the water buck.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pool</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>p&omacr;l</i>; akin to LG. <i>pool</i>, <i>pohl</i>, D. <i>poel</i>, G. <i>pfuhl</i>; cf. Icel. <i>pollr</i>, also W. <i>pwll</i>, Gael. <i>poll</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A small and rather deep collection of (usually) fresh water, as one supplied by a spring, or occurring in the course of a stream; a reservoir for water; as, the <i>pools</i> of Solomon.</def> <i>Wyclif.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Charity will hardly water the ground where it must first fill a <i>pool</i>.</blockquote> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The sleepy <i>pool</i> above the dam.</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A small body of standing or stagnant water; a puddle.</def> "The filthy mantled <i>pool</i> beyond your cell." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pool</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>poule</i>, properly, a hen. See <u>Pullet</u>.] [Written also <i>poule</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The stake played for in certain games of cards, billiards, etc.; an aggregated stake to which each player has contributed a snare; also, the receptacle for the stakes.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A game at billiards, in which each of the players stakes a certain sum, the winner taking the whole; also, in public billiard rooms, a game in which the loser pays the entrance fee for all who engage in the game; a game of skill in pocketing the balls on a pool table.</def></p>

<p>&fist; This game is played variously, but commonly with fifteen balls, besides one cue ball, the contest being to drive the most balls into the pockets.</p>

<p><blockquote>He plays <i>pool</i> at the billiard houses.</blockquote> <i>Thackeray.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>In rifle shooting, a contest in which each competitor pays a certain sum for every shot he makes, the net proceeds being divided among the winners.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Any gambling or commercial venture in which several persons join.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>A combination of persons contributing money to be used for the purpose of increasing or depressing the market price of stocks, grain, or other commodities; also, the aggregate of the sums so contributed; as, the <i>pool</i> took all the wheat offered below the limit; he put $10,000 into the <i>pool</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <i>(Railroads)</i> <def>A mutual arrangement between competing lines, by which the receipts of all are aggregated, and then distributed <i>pro rata</i> according to agreement.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <i>(Law)</i> <def>An aggregation of properties or rights, belonging to different people in a community, in a common fund, to be charged with common liabilities.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Pin pool</b></col>, <cd>a variety of the game of billiards in which small wooden pins are set up to be knocked down by the balls.</cd> — <col><b>Pool ball</b></col>, <cd>one of the colored ivory balls used in playing the game at billiards called <i>pool</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Pool snipe</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the European redshank.</cd> [Prov. Eng.] — <col><b>Pool table</b></col>, <cd>a billiard table with pockets.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pool</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Pooled</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Pooling</u>.] <def>To put together; to contribute to a common fund, on the basis of a mutual division of profits or losses; to make a common interest of; as, the companies <i>pooled</i> their traffic.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Finally, it favors the <i>pooling</i>of all issues.</blockquote> <i>U. S. Grant.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pool</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To combine or contribute with others, as for a commercial, speculative, or gambling transaction.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pool"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A stick for stirring a tan vat.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pool"ing</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Law)</i> <def>The act of uniting, or an agreement to unite, an aggregation of properties belonging to different persons, with a view to common liabilities or profits.</def></p>

<p><hw>Poon</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Canarese <i>ponne</i>.] <def>A name for several East Indian, or their wood, used for the masts and spars of vessels, as <i>Calophyllum angustifolium</i>, <i>C. inophullum</i>, and <i>Sterculia f&oelig;tida</i>; — called also <i>peon</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Poo"nac</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A kind of oil cake prepared from the cocoanut. See <i>Oil cake</i>, under <u>Cake</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Poon"ga oil`</hw> (?). <def>A kind of oil used in India for lamps, and for boiling with dammar for pitching vessels. It is pressed from the seeds of a leguminous tree (<i>Pongamia glabra</i>).</def></p>

<p><hw>Poop</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>See 2d <u>Poppy</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Poop</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Pooped</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Pooping</u>.] [Cf. D. <i>poepen</i>. See <u>Pop</u>.] <def>To make a noise; to pop; also, to break wind.</def></p>

<p><hw>Poop</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>poupe</i>; cf. Sp. & Pg. <i>popa</i>, It. <i>poppa</i>; all fr. L. <i>puppis</i>.] <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>A deck raised above the after part of a vessel; the hindmost or after part of a vessel's hull; also, a cabin covered by such a deck. See <i>Poop deck</i>, under <u>Deck</u>. See also <u>Roundhouse</u>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>With wind in <i>poop</i>, the vessel plows the sea.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>poop</i> was beaten gold.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Poop</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <i>(Naut.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>To break over the poop or stern, as a wave.</def> "A sea which he thought was going to <i>poop</i> her." <i>Lord Dufferin.</i> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>To strike in the stern, as by collision.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pooped</hw> (?), <pos><i>p. p. & a.</i></pos> <i>(Naut.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>Having a poop; furnished with a poop.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>Struck on the poop.</def> </p>

<p><hw>Poop"ing</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>The act or shock of striking a vessel's stern by a following wave or vessel.</def></p>

<p><! p. 1114 !></p>

<p><hw>Poor</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<pos><i>Compar.</i></pos> <u>Poorer</u> (?; 254); <pos><i>superl.</i></pos> <u>Poorest</u>.] [OE. <i>poure</i> or <i>povre</i>, OF. <i>povre</i>, F. <i>pauvre</i>, L. <i>pauper</i>; the first syllable of which is probably akin to <i>paucus</i> few (see <u>Paucity</u>, <u>Few</u>), and the second to <i>parare</i> to prepare, procure. See <u>Few</u>, and cf. <u>Parade</u>, <u>Pauper</u>, <u>Poverty</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Destitute of property; wanting in material riches or goods; needy; indigent.</def></p>

<p>&fist; It is often synonymous with <i>indigent</i> and with <i>necessitous</i> denoting extreme want. It is also applied to persons who are not entirely destitute of property, but who are not rich; as, a <i>poor</i> man or woman; <i>poor</i> people.</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Law)</i> <def>So completely destitute of property as to be entitled to maintenance from the public.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> Hence, in very various applications: <def>Destitute of such qualities as are desirable, or might naturally be expected</def>; as: <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>Wanting in fat, plumpness, or fleshiness; lean; emaciated; meager; as, a <i>poor</i> horse, ox, dog, etc.</def> "Seven other kine came up after them, <i>poor</i> and very ill-favored and lean-fleshed." <i>Gen. xli. 19.</i> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>Wanting in strength or vigor; feeble; dejected; as, <i>poor</i> health; <i>poor</i> spirits.</def> "His genius . . . <i>poor</i> and cowardly." <i>Bacon.</i> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <def>Of little value or worth; not good; inferior; shabby; mean; as, <i>poor</i> clothes; <i>poor</i> lodgings.</def> "A <i>poor</i> vessel." <i>Clarendon.</i> <sd><i>(d)</i></sd> <def>Destitute of fertility; exhausted; barren; sterile; — said of land; as, <i>poor</i> soil.</def> <sd><i>(e)</i></sd> <def>Destitute of beauty, fitness, or merit; as, a <i>poor</i> discourse; a <i>poor</i> picture.</def> <sd><i>(f)</i></sd> <def>Without prosperous conditions or good results; unfavorable; unfortunate; unconformable; as, a <i>poor</i> business; the sick man had a <i>poor</i> night.</def> <sd><i>(g)</i></sd> <def>Inadequate; insufficient; insignificant; as, a <i>poor</i> excuse.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>That I have wronged no man will be a <i>poor</i> plea or apology at the last day.</blockquote> <i>Calamy.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Worthy of pity or sympathy; — used also sometimes as a term of endearment, or as an expression of modesty, and sometimes as a word of contempt.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>And for mine own <i>poor</i> part,<BR> Look you, I'll go pray.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Poor</i>, little, pretty, fluttering thing.</blockquote> <i>Prior.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>Free from self-assertion; not proud or arrogant; meek.</def> "Blessed are the <i>poor</i> in spirit." <i>Matt. v. 3.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Poor law</b></col>, <cd>a law providing for, or regulating, the relief or support of the poor.</cd> — <col><b>Poor man's treacle</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>garlic; — so called because it was thought to be an antidote to animal poison.</cd> [Eng] <i>Dr. Prior.</i> — <col><b>Poor man's weatherglass</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>the red-flowered pimpernel (<i>Anagallis arvensis</i>), which opens its blossoms only in fair weather.</cd> — <col><b>Poor rate</b></col>, <cd>an assessment or tax, as in an English parish, for the relief or support of the poor.</cd> — <col><b>Poor soldier</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the friar bird.</cd> — <col><b>The poor</b></col>, <cd>those who are destitute of property; the indigent; the needy. In a legal sense, those who depend on charity or maintenance by the public.</cd> "I have observed the more public provisions are made for <i>the poor</i>, the less they provide for themselves." <i>Franklin.</i></p>

<p><hw>Poor</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A small European codfish (<i>Gadus minutus</i>); — called also <i>power cod</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Poor"box`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A receptacle in which money given for the poor is placed.</def></p>

<p><hw>Poor"house`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A dwelling for a number of paupers maintained at public expense; an almshouse; a workhouse.</def></p>

<p><hw>Poor"-john`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A small European fish, similar to the cod, but of inferior quality.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Poor-john</i> and apple pies are all our fare.</blockquote> <i>Sir J. Harrington.</i></p>

<p><hw>Poor"li*ness</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality or state of being poorly; ill health.</def></p>

<p><hw>Poor"ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>In a poor manner or condition; without plenty, or sufficiency, or suitable provision for comfort; as, to live <i>poorly</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>With little or no success; indifferently; with little profit or advantage; as, to do <i>poorly</i> in business.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Meanly; without spirit.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Nor is their courage or their wealth so low,<BR> That from his wars they <i>poorly</i> would retire.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Without skill or merit; as, he performs <i>poorly</i>.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Poorly off</b></col>, <cd>not well off; not rich.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Poor"ly</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Somewhat ill; indisposed; not in health.</def> "Having been <i>poorly</i> in health." <i>T. Scott.</i></p>

<p><hw>Poor"ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality or state of being poor (in any of the senses of the adjective).</def> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><hw>Poor"-spir`it*ed</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of a mean spirit; cowardly; base.</def> — <wf>Poor"-spir`it*ed*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Poor"-will`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [So called in imitation of its note.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A bird of the Western United States (<i>Phal&aelig;noptilus Nutalli</i>) allied to the whip- poor-will.</def></p>

<p><hw>Poor"-wil`lie</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [So called in imitation of its note.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The bar-tailed godwit.</def> [Prov. Eng.]</p>

<p><hw>Pop</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Of imitative origin. Cf. <u>Poop</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A small, sharp, quick explosive sound or report; as, to go off with a <i>pop</i>.</def> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>An unintoxicating beverage which expels the cork with a pop from the bottle containing it; as, ginger <i>pop</i>; lemon <i>pop</i>, etc.</def> <i>Hood.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The European redwing.</def> [Prov. Eng.]</p>

<p><col><b>Pop corn</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>Corn, or maize, of peculiar excellence for popping; especially, a kind the grains of which are small and compact</cd>. <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>Popped corn; which has been popped.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pop</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Popped</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Popping</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To make a pop, or sharp, quick sound; as, the muskets <i>popped</i> away on all sides.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To enter, or issue forth, with a quick, sudden movement; to move from place to place suddenly; to dart; — with <i>in</i>, <i>out</i>, <i>upon</i>, <i>off</i>, etc.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He that killed my king . . . <BR> <i>Popp'd</i> in between the election and my hopes.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>A trick of <i>popping</i> up and down every moment.</blockquote> <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To burst open with a pop, when heated over a fire; as, this corn <i>pops</i> well.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pop</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To thrust or push suddenly; to offer suddenly; to bring suddenly and unexpectedly to notice; as, to <i>pop</i> one's head in at the door.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He <i>popped</i> a paper into his hand.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To cause to pop; to cause to burst open by heat, as grains of Indian corn; as, to <i>pop</i> corn or chestnuts.</def></p>

<p><col><b>To pop off</b></col>, <cd>to thrust away, or put off promptly; as, to <i>pop</i> one off with a denial.</cd> <i>Locke.</i> — <col><b>To pop the question</b></col>, <cd>to make an offer of marriage to a lady.</cd> [Colloq.] <i>Dickens.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pop</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>Like a pop; suddenly; unexpectedly.</def> "<i>Pop</i> goes his plate." <i>Beau. & Fl.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pope</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>p&amacr;pa</i>, L. <i>papa</i> father, bishop. Cf. <u>Papa</u>, <u>Papal</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Any ecclesiastic, esp. a bishop.</def> [Obs.] <i>Foxe.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The bishop of Rome, the head of the Roman Catholic Church. See <u>Note</u> under <u>Cardinal</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A parish priest, or a chaplain, of the Greek Church.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A fish; the ruff.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Pope Joan</b></col>, <cd>a game at cards played on a round board with compartments.</cd> — <col><b>Pope's eye</b></col>, <cd>the gland surrounded with fat in the middle of the thigh of an ox or sheep.</cd> <i>R. D. Blackmore.</i> — <col><b>Pope's nose</b></col>, <cd>the rump, or uropygium, of a bird. See <u>Uropygium</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pope"dom</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>p&amacr;ped&omacr;m</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The place, office, or dignity of the pope; papal dignity.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The jurisdiction of the pope.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pope"ling</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A petty or deputy pope.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>An adherent of the pope.</def> [R.] <i>Marlowe.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pop"e*lote</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A word variously explained as "a little puppet," "a little doll," or "a young butterfly." Cf. <u>Popet</u>.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>So gay a <i>popelote</i>, so sweet a wench.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pop"er*y</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The religion of the Roman Catholic Church, comprehending doctrines and practices; — generally used in an opprobrious sense.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pop"et</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A puppet.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pop"gun`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A child's gun; a tube and rammer for shooting pellets, with a popping noise, by compression of air.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pop"in*jay</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>popingay</i>, <i>papejay</i>, OF. <i>papegai</i>, <i>papegaut</i>; cf. Pr. <i>papagai</i>, Sp. & Pg. <i>papagayo</i>, It. <i>pappagallo</i>, LGr. &?;, NGr. &?;; in which the first syllables are perhaps imitative of the bird's chatter, and the last either fr. L. <i>gallus</i> cock, or the same word as E. <i>jay</i>, F. <i>geai</i>. Cf. <u>Papagay</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The green woodpecker.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A parrot.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The pye and <i>popyngay</i> speak they know not what.</blockquote> <i>Tyndale.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A target in the form of a parrot.</def> [Scot.]</p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A trifling, chattering, fop or coxcomb.</def> "To be so pestered with a <i>popinjay</i>." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pop"ish</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to the pope; taught or ordained by the pope; hence, of or pertaining to the Roman Catholic Church; — often used opprobriously.</def> — <wf>Pop"ish*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Pop"ish*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Pop"lar</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>popler</i>, OF. <i>poplier</i>, F. <i>peuplier</i>, fr. L. <i>populus</i> poplar.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Any tree of the genus <i>Populus</i>; also, the timber, which is soft, and capable of many uses.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The aspen poplar is <i>Populus tremula</i> and <i>P. tremuloides</i>; Balsam poplar is <i>P. balsamifera</i>; Lombardy poplar (<i>P. dilatata</i>) is a tall, spiry tree; white poplar is <i>Populus alba</i>.</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The timber of the tulip tree; — called also <i>white poplar</i>.</def> [U.S.]</p>

<p><hw>Po*plex"y</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Apoplexy.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pop"lin</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>popeline</i>, <i>papeline</i>.] <def>A fabric of many varieties, usually made of silk and worsted, — used especially for women's dresses.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Irish poplin</b></col>, <cd>a fabric with silk warp and worsted weft, made in Ireland.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pop*lit"e*al</hw> (?; 277), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [From L. <i>poples</i>, <i>-itis</i>, the ham.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to the ham; in the region of the ham, or behind the knee joint; as, the <i>popliteal</i> space.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pop*lit"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Popliteal.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pop"per</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A utensil for popping corn, usually a wire basket with a long handle.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pop"per</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A dagger.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pop"pet</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>See <u>Puppet</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>One of certain upright timbers on the bilge ways, used to support a vessel in launching.</def> <i>Totten.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Mach.)</i> <def>An upright support or guide fastened at the bottom only.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Poppet head</b></col>, <col><b>Puppet head</b></col>. <cd>See <u>Headstock</u> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pop"pied</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See 1st <u>Poppy</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Mingled or interspersed with poppies.</def> "<i>Poppied</i> corn." <i>Keats.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Affected with poppy juice; hence, figuratively, drugged; drowsy; listless; inactive.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>poppied</i> sails doze on the yard.</blockquote> <i>Lowell.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pop"ping</hw> (?), <def><pos><i>a. & n.</i></pos> from <u>Pop</u>.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Popping crease</b></col>. <i>(Cricket)</i> <cd>See under <u>Crease</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pop"ple</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [Cf. <u>Pop</u>.] <def>To move quickly up and down; to bob up and down, as a cork on rough water; also, to bubble.</def> <i>Cotton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pop"ple</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The poplar.</def> [Prov. Eng. & Local, U. S.]</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Tares.</def> [Obs.] "To sow <i>popple</i> among wheat." <i>Bale.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pop"py</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Poppies</b></plw> (#). [OE. <i>popy</i>, AS. <i>popig</i>, L. <i>papaver</i>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Any plant or species of the genus <i>Papaver</i>, herbs with showy polypetalous flowers and a milky juice. From one species (<i>Papaver somniferum</i>) opium is obtained, though all the species contain it to some extent; also, a flower of the plant. See <i>Illust.</i> of <u>Capsule</u>.</def></p>

<p><col><b>California poppy</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>any yellow- flowered plant of the genus <i>Eschscholtzia</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Corn poppy</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Corn</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Horn</b></col>, or <col><b>Horned</b></col>, <col><b>poppy</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Horn</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Poppy bee</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a leaf-cutting bee (<i>Anthocopa papaveris</i>) which uses pieces cut from poppy petals for the lining of its cells; — called also <i>upholsterer bee</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Prickly poppy</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd><i>Argemone Mexicana</i>, a yellow-flowered plant of the Poppy family, but as prickly as a thistle.</cd> — <col><b>Poppy seed</b></col>, <cd>the seed the opium poppy (<i>P. somniferum</i>).</cd> — <col><b>Spatling poppy</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>a species of Silene (<i>S. inflata</i>). See <u>Catchfly</u>.</cd></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pop"py</hw> (?), <hw>Pop"py*head`</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>poup&eacute;e</i> doll, puppet. See <u>Puppet</u>.] <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>A raised ornament frequently having the form of a final. It is generally used on the tops of the upright ends or elbows which terminate seats, etc., in Gothic churches.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pop"u*lace</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>populace</i>, fr. It. <i>popolaccio</i>, <i>popolazzo</i>, fr. <i>popolo</i> people, L. <i>populus</i>. See <u>People</u>.] <def>The common people; the vulgar; the multitude, — comprehending all persons not distinguished by rank, office, education, or profession.</def> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>To . . . calm the peers and please the <i>populace</i>.</blockquote> <i>Daniel.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>They . . . call us Britain's barbarous <i>populaces</i>.</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Mob; people; commonalty.</p>

<p><hw>Pop"u*la*cy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Populace.</def> [Obs.] <i>Feltham.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pop"u*lar</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>popularis</i>, fr. <i>populus</i> people: cf. F. <i>populaire</i>. See <u>People</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Of or pertaining to the common people, or to the whole body of the people, as distinguished from a select portion; as, the <i>popular</i> voice; <i>popular</i> elections.</def> "<i>Popular</i> states." <i>Bacon.</i> "So the <i>popular</i> vote inclines." <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The men commonly held in <i>popular</i> estimation are greatest at a distance.</blockquote> <i>J. H. Newman.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Suitable to common people; easy to be comprehended; not abstruse; familiar; plain.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Homilies are plain <i>popular</i> instructions.</blockquote> <i>Hooker.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Adapted to the means of the common people; possessed or obtainable by the many; hence, cheap; common; ordinary; inferior; as, <i>popular</i> prices; <i>popular</i> amusements.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The smallest figs, called <i>popular</i> figs, . . . are, of all others, the basest and of least account.</blockquote> <i>Holland.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Beloved or approved by the people; pleasing to people in general, or to many people; as, a <i>popular</i> preacher; a <i>popular</i> law; a <i>popular</i> administration.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>Devoted to the common people; studious of the favor of the populace.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Such <i>popular</i> humanity is treason.</blockquote> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>Prevailing among the people; epidemic; as, a <i>popular</i> disease.</def> [Obs.] <i>Johnson.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Popular action</b></col> <i>(Law)</i>, <cd> an action in which any person may sue for penalty imposed by statute.</cd> <i>Blackstone.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Pop`u*la"res</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [L.] <def>The people or the people's party, in ancient Rome, as opposed to the <i>optimates</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pop`u*lar"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Popularities</b></plw> (#). [L. <i>popularitas</i> an effort to please the people: cf. F. <i>popularit&eacute;</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The quality or state of being popular; especially, the state of being esteemed by, or of being in favor with, the people at large; good will or favor proceeding from the people; as, the <i>popularity</i> of a law, statesman, or a book.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A <i>popularity</i> which has lasted down to our time.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The quality or state of being adapted or pleasing to common, poor, or vulgar people; hence, cheapness; inferiority; vulgarity.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>This gallant laboring to avoid <i>popularity</i> falls into a habit of affectation.</blockquote> <i>B. Jonson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Something which obtains, or is intended to obtain, the favor of the vulgar; claptrap.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Popularities</i>, and circumstances which . . . sway the ordinary judgment.</blockquote> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>The act of courting the favor of the people.</def> [Obs.] "Indicted . . . for <i>popularity</i> and ambition." <i>Holland.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>Public sentiment; general passion.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>A little time be allowed for the madness of <i>popularity</i> to cease.</blockquote> <i>Bancroft.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pop`u*lar*i*za"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The act of making popular, or of introducing among the people.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pop"u*lar*ize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Popularized</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Popularizing</u> (?).] [Cf. F. <i>populariser</i>.] <def>To make popular; to make suitable or acceptable to the common people; to make generally known; as, to <i>popularize</i> philosophy.</def> "The <i>popularizing</i> of religious teaching." <i>Milman.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pop"u*lar*i`zer</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who popularizes.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pop"u*lar*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a popular manner; so as to be generally favored or accepted by the people; commonly; currently; as, the story was <i>popularity</i> reported.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The victor knight,<BR> Bareheaded, <i>popularly</i> low had bowed.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pop"u*lar*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality or state of being popular; popularity.</def> <i>Coleridge.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pop"u*late</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>populus</i> people. See <u>People</u>.] <def>Populous.</def> [Obs.] <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pop"u*late</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Populated</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Populating</u>.] <def>To furnish with inhabitants, either by natural increase or by immigration or colonization; to cause to be inhabited; to people.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pop"u*late</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To propagate.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Great shoals of people which go on to <i>populate</i>.</blockquote> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pop`u*la"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>populatio</i>: cf. F. <i>population</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act or process of populating; multiplication of inhabitants.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The whole number of people, or inhabitants, in a country, or portion of a country; as, a <i>population</i> of ten millions.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pop"u*la`tor</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who populates.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pop"u*li*cide`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>populus</i> people + <i>caedere</i> to kill.] <def>Slaughter of the people.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Pop"u*lin</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>populus</i> poplar: cf. F. <i>populine</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A glycoside, related to salicin, found in the bark of certain species of the poplar (<i>Populus</i>), and extracted as a sweet white crystalline substance.</def></p>

<p><! p. 1115 !></p>

<p><hw>Pop`u*los"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>populositas</i>: cf. F. <i>populosit&eacute;</i>.] <def>Populousness.</def>[Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Pop"u*lous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>populosus</i>, fr. <i>populus</i> people: cf. F. <i>populeux</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Abounding in people; full of inhabitants; containing many inhabitants in proportion to the extent of the country.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Heaven, yet <i>populous</i>, retains<BR> Number sufficient to possess her realms.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Popular; famous.</def> [Obs.] <i>J. Webster.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Common; vulgar.</def> [Obs.] <i>Arden of Feversham.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Numerous; in large number.</def> [Obs.] "The dust . . . raised by your <i>populous</i> troops." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p>— <wf>Pop"u*lous*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Pop"u*lous*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Po*raille"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>pouraille</i>. See <u>Poor</u>.] <def>Poor people; the poor.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Por"bea`gle</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A species of shark (<i>Lamna cornubica</i>), about eight feet long, having a pointed nose and a crescent-shaped tail; — called also <i>mackerel shark</i>.</def> [Written <i>also probeagle</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Por"cate</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>porca</i> a ridge between two furrows.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Having grooves or furrows broader than the intervening ridges; furrowed.</def></p>

<p><hw>Por"ce*lain</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Purslain.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Por"ce*lain</hw> (277), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>porcelaine</i>, It. <i>porcellana</i>, orig., the porcelain shell, or Venus shell (<i>Cypr&aelig;a porcellana</i>), from a dim. fr. L. <i>porcus</i> pig, probably from the resemblance of the shell in shape to a pig's back. Porcelain was called after this shell, either on account of its smoothness and whiteness, or because it was believed to be made from it. See <u>Pork</u>.] <def>A fine translucent or semitransculent kind of earthenware, made first in China and Japan, but now also in Europe and America; — called also <i>China</i>, or <i>China ware</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Porcelain</i>, by being pure, is apt to break.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Ivory porcelain</b></col>, <cd>porcelain with a surface like ivory, produced by depolishing. See <u>Depolishing</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Porcelain clay</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Clay</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Porcelain crab</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>any crab of the genus <i>Porcellana</i> and allied genera (family <i>Porcellanid&aelig;</i>). They have a smooth, polished carapace.</cd> — <col><b>Porcelain jasper</b></col>. <i>(Min.)</i> <cd>See <u>Porcelanite</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Porcelain printing</b></col>, <cd>the transferring of an impression of an engraving to porcelain.</cd> — <col><b>Porcelain shell</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a cowry.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Por"ce*lain*ized</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Geol.)</i> <def>Baked like potter's lay; — applied to clay shales that have been converted by heat into a substance resembling porcelain.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Por`ce*la"ne*ous</hw> (?), <hw>Por`cel*la"ne*ous</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Of or pertaining to porcelain; resembling porcelain; as, <i>porcelaneous</i> shells.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Having a smooth, compact shell without pores; — said of certain Foraminifera.</def></p>

<p><hw>Por"ce*la*nite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>porcelanite</i>.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>A semivitrified clay or shale, somewhat resembling jasper; — called also <i>porcelain jasper</i>.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Por"ce*la`nous</hw> (?), <hw>Por"cel*la`nous</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Porcelaneous.</def> <i>Ure.</i></p>

<p><hw>Porch</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>porche</i>, L. <i>porticus</i>, fr. <i>porta</i> a gate, entrance, or passage. See <u>Port</u> a gate, and cf. <u>Portico</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>A covered and inclosed entrance to a building, whether taken from the interior, and forming a sort of vestibule within the main wall, or projecting without and with a separate roof. Sometimes the porch is large enough to serve as a covered walk. See also <i>Carriage porch</i>, under <u>Carriage</u>, and <u>Loggia</u>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The graceless Helen in the <i>porch</i> I spied<BR> Of Vesta's temple.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A portico; a covered walk.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Repair to Pompey's <i>porch</i>, where you shall find find us.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><col><b>The Porch</b></col>, <cd>a public portico, or great hall, in Athens, where Zeno, the philosopher, taught his disciples; hence, sometimes used as equivalent to <i>the school of the Stoics</i>. It was called <grk>"h poiki`lh stoa`</grk>. [See <u>Poicile</u>.]</cd></p>

<p><hw>Por"cine</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>porcinus</i>, from <i>porcus</i> a swine. See <u>Pork</u>.] <def>Of or pertaining to swine; characteristic of the hog.</def> "<i>Porcine</i> cheeks." <i>G. Eliot.</i></p>

<p><hw>Por"cu*pine</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>porkepyn</i>, <i>porpentine</i>, OF. <i>porc-espi</i>, F. <i>porc- &eacute;pic</i> (cf. It. <i>porco spino</i>, <i>porco spinoso</i>, Sp. <i>puerco espino</i>, <i>puerco espin</i>, fr. L. <i>porcus</i> swine + <i>spina</i> thorn, spine). The last part of the French word is perhaps a corruption from the It. or Sp.; cf. F. <i>&eacute;pi</i> ear, a spike of grain, L. <i>spica</i>. See <u>Pork</u>, <u>Spike</u> a large nail, <u>Spine</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any Old Word rodent of the genus <i>Hystrix</i>, having the back covered with long, sharp, erectile spines or quills, sometimes a foot long. The common species of Europe and Asia (<i>Hystrix cristata</i>) is the best known.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any species of <i>Erethizon</i> and related genera, native of America. They are related to the true porcupines, but have shorter spines, and are arboreal in their habits. The Canada porcupine (<i>Erethizon dorsatus</i>) is a well known species.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Porcupine ant-eater</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the echidna.</cd> — <col><b>Porcupine crab</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a large spiny Japanese crab (<i>Acantholithodes hystrix</i>).</cd> — <col><b>Porcupine disease</b></col> <i>(Med.)</i>. <cd>See <u>Ichthyosis</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Porcupine fish</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>any plectognath fish having the body covered with spines which become erect when the body is inflated. See <u>Diodon</u>, and <u>Globefish</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Porcupine grass</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>a grass (<i>Stipa spartea</i>) with grains bearing a stout twisted awn, which, by coiling and uncoiling through changes in moisture, propels the sharp-pointed and barbellate grain into the wool and flesh of sheep. It is found from Illinois westward. See <i>Illustration</i> in Appendix.</cd> — <col><b>Porcupine wood</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>the hard outer wood of the cocoa palm; — so called because, when cut horizontally, the markings of the wood resemble the quills of a porcupine.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pore</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., fr. L. <i>porus</i>, Gr. &?; a passage, a pore. See <u>Fare</u>, <pos><i>v.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One of the minute orifices in an animal or vegetable membrane, for transpiration, absorption, etc.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A minute opening or passageway; an interstice between the constituent particles or molecules of a body; as, the <i>pores</i> of stones.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pore</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Pored</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Poring</u>.] [OE. <i>poren</i>, of uncertain origin; cf. D. <i>porren</i> to poke, thrust, Gael. <i>purr</i>.] <def>To look or gaze steadily in reading or studying; to fix the attention; to be absorbed; — often with <i>on</i> or <i>upon</i>, and now usually with <i>over</i>.</def>"Painfully to <i>pore</i> upon a book." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The eye grows weary with <i>poring</i> perpetually on the same thing.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pore"blind`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Probably influenced by <i>pore</i>, v. See <u>Purblind</u>.] <def>Nearsighted; shortsighted; purblind.</def> [Obs.] <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><hw>Por"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who pores.</def></p>

<p><hw>Por"gy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Porgies</b></plw> (#). [See <u>Paugie</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The scup.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The sailor's choice, or pinfish.</def> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <def>The margate fish.</def> <sd><i>(d)</i></sd> <def>The spadefish.</def> <sd><i>(e)</i></sd> <def>Any one of several species of embiotocoids, or surf fishes, of the Pacific coast. The name is also given locally to several other fishes, as the bur fish.</def> [Written also <i>porgee</i>, <i>porgie</i>, and <i>paugy</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>||Po*rif"e*ra</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr. L. <i>porus</i> pore + <i>ferre</i> to bear.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A grand division of the Invertebrata, including the sponges; — called also <i>Spongi&aelig;</i>, <i>Spongida</i>, and <i>Spongiozoa</i>. The principal divisions are Calcispongi&aelig;, Keratosa or Fibrospongi&aelig;, and Silicea.</def></p>

<p><hw>Po*rif"er*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of the Polifera.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Po*rif`e*ra"ta</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL.] <def>The Polifera.</def></p>

<p><hw>Po"ri*form</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>porus</i> pore + <i>-form</i>: cf. F. <i>poriforme</i>.] <def>Resembling a pore, or small puncture.</def></p>

<p><hw>Po"rime</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; practicable.] <i>(Math.)</i> <def>A theorem or proposition so easy of demonstration as to be almost self-evident.</def> [R.] <i>Crabb.</i></p>

<p><hw>Por"i*ness</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Porosity.</def> <i>Wiseman.</i></p>

<p><hw>Po"rism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; a thing procured, a deduction from a demonstration, fr. &?; to bring, provide: cf. F. <i>porisme</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Geom.)</i> <def>A proposition affirming the possibility of finding such conditions as will render a certain determinate problem indeterminate or capable of innumerable solutions.</def> <i>Playfair.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Gr. Geom.)</i> <def>A corollary.</def> <i>Brande & C.</i></p>

<p>&fist; Three books of <i>porisms</i> of Euclid have been lost, but several attempts to determine the nature of these propositions and to restore them have been made by modern geometers.</p>

<p>{ <hw>Po`ris*mat"ic</hw> (?), <hw>Po`ris*mat"ic*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to a porism; poristic.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Po*ris"tic</hw> (?), <hw>Po*ris"tic*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos>[Gr. &?; for providing, &?; provided.] <def>Of or pertaining to a porism; of the nature of a porism.</def></p>

<p><hw>Po"rite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>porite</i>. See <u>Pore</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any coral of the genus Porites, or family <i>Poritid&aelig;</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Po*ri"tes</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. <grk>po`ros</grk> a pore.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>An important genus of reef-building corals having small twelve-rayed calicles, and a very porous coral. Some species are branched, others grow in large massive or globular forms.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pork</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>porc</i>, L. <i>porcus</i> hog, pig. See <u>Farrow</u> a litter of pigs, and cf. <u>Porcelain</u>, <u>Porpoise</u>.] <def>The flesh of swine, fresh or salted, used for food.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pork"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A hog.</def> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pork"et</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Dim. of F. <i>porc</i>. See <u>Pork</u>.] <def>A young hog; a pig.</def> [R.] <i>Dryden. W. Howitt.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pork"ling</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A pig; a porket.</def> <i>Tusser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pork"wood`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The coarse-grained brownish yellow wood of a small tree (<i>Pisonia obtusata</i>) of Florida and the West Indies. Also called <i>pigeon wood</i>, <i>beefwood</i>, and <i>corkwood</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Por`ne*ras"tic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; harlot + &?; to love.] <def>Lascivious; licentious.</def> [R.] <i>F. Harrison.</i></p>

<p><hw>Por`no*graph"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to pornography; lascivious; licentious; as, <i>pornographic</i> writing.</def></p>

<p><hw>Por*nog"ra*phy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; a harlot + <i>-graphy</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Licentious painting or literature; especially, the painting anciently employed to decorate the walls of rooms devoted to bacchanalian orgies.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>A treatise on prostitutes, or prostitution.</def></p>

<p><hw>Po*ros"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>porosit&eacute;</i>.] <def>The quality or state of being porous; — opposed to <i>density</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Po*rot"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; callus.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>A medicine supposed to promote the formation of callus.</def></p>

<p><hw>Por"ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>poreux</i>. See <u>Pore</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <def>Full of pores; having interstices in the skin or in the substance of the body; having spiracles or passages for fluids; permeable by liquids; as, a <i>porous</i> skin; <i>porous</i> wood.</def> "The veins of <i>porous</i> earth." <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Por"ous*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a porous manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Por"ous*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The quality of being porous.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The open parts; the interstices of anything.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>They will forcibly get into the <i>porousness</i> of it.</blockquote> <i>Sir K. Digby.</i></p>

<p><hw>Por"pen*tine</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Porcupine.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Por"pesse</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A porpoise.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Por`phy*ra"ceous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Porphyritic.</def></p>

<p><hw>Por"phyre</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Porphyry.</def> [Obs.] <i>Locke.</i></p>

<p><hw>Por"phy*rite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Min.)</i> <def>A rock with a porphyritic structure; as, augite <i>porphyrite</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Por`phy*rit"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>porphyritique</i>.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>Relating to, or resembling, porphyry, that is, characterized by the presence of distinct crystals, as of feldspar, quartz, or augite, in a relatively fine-grained base, often aphanitic or cryptocrystalline.</def></p>

<p><hw>Por`phy*ri*za"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The act of porphyrizing, or the state of being porphyrized.</def></p>

<p><hw>Por`phy*rize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>porphyriser</i>, Gr. &?; to purplish.] <def>To cause to resemble porphyry; to make spotted in composition, like porphyry.</def></p>

<p><hw>Por`phy*ro*gen"i*tism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [LL. <i>porphyro genitus</i>, fr. Gr. &?;; &?; purple + root of &?; to be born.] <def>The principle of succession in royal families, especially among the Eastern Roman emperors, by which a younger son, if born after the accession of his father to the throne, was preferred to an elder son who was not so born.</def> <i>Sir T. Palgrave.</i></p>

<p><hw>Por"phy*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Porphyries</b></plw> (#). [F. <i>porphyre</i>, L. <i>porphyrites</i>, fr. Gr. &?; like purple, fr. &?; purple. See <u>Purple</u>.] <i>(Geol.)</i> <def>A term used somewhat loosely to designate a rock consisting of a fine-grained base (usually feldspathic) through which crystals, as of feldspar or quartz, are disseminated. There are red, purple, and green varieties, which are highly esteemed as marbles.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Porphyry shell</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a handsome marine gastropod shell (<i>Oliva porphyria</i>), having a dark red or brown polished surface, marked with light spots, like porphyry.</cd></p>

<p><hw>||Por"pi*ta</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., from Gr. &?; brooch.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A genus of bright-colored Siphonophora found floating in the warmer parts of the ocean. The individuals are round and disk-shaped, with a large zooid in the center of the under side, surrounded by smaller nutritive and reproductive zooids, and by slender dactylozooids near the margin. The disk contains a central float, or pneumatocyst.</def></p>

<p><hw>Por"poise</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>porpeys</i>, OF. <i>porpeis</i>, literally, hog fish, from L. <i>porcus</i> swine + <i>piscis</i> fish. See <u>Pork</u>, and <u>Fish</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any small cetacean of the genus <i>Phoc&aelig;na</i>, especially <i>P. communis</i>, or <i>P. phoc&aelig;na</i>, of Europe, and the closely allied American species (<i>P. Americana</i>). The color is dusky or blackish above, paler beneath. They are closely allied to the dolphins, but have a shorter snout. Called also <i>harbor porpoise</i>, <i>herring hag</i>, <i>puffing pig</i>, and <i>snuffer</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A true dolphin (<i>Delphinus</i>); — often so called by sailors.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Skunk porpoise</b></col>, or <col><b>Bay porpoise</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a North American porpoise (<i>Lagenorhynchus acutus</i>), larger than the common species, and with broad stripes of white and yellow on the sides. See <i>Illustration</i> in Appendix.</cd></p>

<p><hw>||Por`po*ri"no</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [It.] <def>A composition of quicksilver, tin, and sulphur, forming a yellow powder, sometimes used by medi&aelig;val artists, for the sake of economy, instead of gold.</def> <i>Fairholt.</i></p>

<p><hw>Por"pus</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A porpoise.</def> [Obs.] <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><hw>Por*ra"ceous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>porraceus</i>, from <i>porrum</i>, <i>porrus</i>, a leek.] <def>Resembling the leek in color; greenish.</def> [R.] "<i>Porraceous</i> vomiting." <i>Wiseman.</i></p>

<p><hw>Por*rect"</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>porrectus</i>, p. p. of <i>porrigere</i> to stretch out before one's self, to but forth.] <def>Extended horizontally; stretched out.</def></p>

<p><hw>Por*rec"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>porrectio</i>: cf. F. <i>porrection</i>.] <def>The act of stretching forth.</def></p>

<p><hw>Por"ret</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>porrette</i>, fr. L. <i>porrum</i>, <i>porrus</i>, leek. See <u>Porraceous</u>.] <def>A scallion; a leek or small onion.</def> [R.] <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Por"ridge</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Probably corrupted fr. <i>pottage</i>; perh. influenced by OE. <i>porree</i> a kind of pottage, OF. <i>porr&eacute;e</i>, fr. L. <i>porrum</i>, <i>porrus</i>, leek. See <u>Pottage</u>, and cf. <u>Porringer</u>.] <def>A food made by boiling some leguminous or farinaceous substance, or the meal of it, in water or in milk, making of broth or thin pudding; as, barley <i>porridge</i>, milk <i>porridge</i>, bean <i>porridge</i>, etc.</def></p>

<p><hw>Por"rin*ger</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>pottanger</i>, for <i>pottager</i>; cf. F. <i>potager</i> a soup basin. See <u>Porridge</u>.] <def>A porridge dish; esp., a bowl or cup from which children eat or are fed; as, a silver <i>porringer</i>.</def> <i>Wordsworth.</i></p>

<p><hw>Port</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From <i>Oporto</i>, in Portugal, i. e., <i>&?; porto</i> the port, L. <i>portus</i>. See <u>Port</u> harbor.] <def>A dark red or purple astringent wine made in Portugal. It contains a large percentage of alcohol.</def></p>

<p><hw>Port</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>port</i>, L. <i>portus</i>: cf. F. <i>port</i>. See <u>Farm</u>, <pos><i>v.</i></pos>, <u>Ford</u>, and 1st, 3d, & 4h <u>Port</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A place where ships may ride secure from storms; a sheltered inlet, bay, or cove; a harbor; a haven. Used also figuratively.</def></p>

<p><! p. 1116 !></p>

<p><blockquote>Peering in maps for <i>ports</i> and piers and roads.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>We are in <i>port</i> if we have Thee.</blockquote> <i>Keble.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>In law and commercial usage, a harbor where vessels are admitted to discharge and receive cargoes, from whence they depart and where they finish their voyages.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Free port</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Free</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Port bar</b></col>. <i>(Naut,)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>A boom</cd>. See <u>Boom</u>, 4, also <u>Bar</u>, 3. <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>A bar, as of sand, at the mouth of, or in, a port.</cd> — <col><b>Port charges</b></col> <i>(Com.)</i>, <cd>charges, as wharfage, etc., to which a ship or its cargo is subjected in a harbor.</cd> — <col><b>Port of entry</b></col>, <cd>a harbor where a customhouse is established for the legal entry of merchandise.</cd> — <col><b>Port toll</b></col> <i>(Law)</i>, <cd>a payment made for the privilege of bringing goods into port.</cd> — <col><b>Port warden</b></col>, <cd>the officer in charge of a port; a harbor master.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Port</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>porte</i>, L. <i>porta</i>, akin to <i>portus</i>; cf. AS. <i>porte</i>, fr. L. <i>porta</i>. See <u>Port</u> a harbor, and cf. <u>Porte</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A passageway; an opening or entrance to an inclosed place; a gate; a door; a portal.</def> [Archaic]</p>

<p><blockquote>Him I accuse<BR> The city <i>ports</i> by this hath entered.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Form their ivory <i>port</i> the cherubim<BR> Forth issuing.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>An opening in the side of a vessel; an embrasure through which cannon may be discharged; a porthole; also, the shutters which close such an opening.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Her <i>ports</i> being within sixteen inches of the water.</blockquote> <i>Sir W. Raleigh.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Mach.)</i> <def>A passageway in a machine, through which a fluid, as steam, water, etc., may pass, as from a valve to the interior of the cylinder of a steam engine; an opening in a valve seat, or valve face.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Air port</b></col>, <col><b>Bridle port</b></col>, <cd>etc. See under <u>Air</u>, <u>Bridle</u>, etc.</cd> — <col><b>Port bar</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>a bar to secure the ports of a ship in a gale.</cd> — <col><b>Port lid</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>a lid or hanging for closing the portholes of a vessel.</cd> — <col><b>Steam port</b></col>, &and; <col><b>Exhaust port</b></col> <i>(Steam Engine)</i>, <cd>the ports of the cylinder communicating with the valve or valves, for the entrance or exit of the steam, respectively.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Port</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Ported</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Porting</u>.] [F. <i>porter</i>, L. <i>portare</i> to carry. See <u>Port</u> demeanor.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To carry; to bear; to transport.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>They are easily <i>ported</i> by boat into other shires.</blockquote> <i>Fuller.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Mil.)</i> <def>To throw, as a musket, diagonally across the body, with the lock in front, the right hand grasping the small of the stock, and the barrel sloping upward and crossing the point of the left shoulder; as, to <i>port</i> arms.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Began to hem him round with <i>ported</i> spears.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Port arms</b></col>, <cd>a position in the manual of arms, executed as above.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Port</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>port</i>, fr. <i>porter</i> to carry, L. <i>portare</i>, prob. akin to E. <i>fare</i>, v. See <u>Port</u> harbor, and cf. <u>Comport</u>, <u>Export</u>, <u>Sport</u>.] <def>The manner in which a person bears himself; deportment; carriage; bearing; demeanor; hence, manner or style of living; as, a proud <i>port</i>.</def> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>And of his <i>port</i> as meek as is a maid.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The necessities of pomp, grandeur, and a suitable <i>port</i> in the world.</blockquote> <i>South.</i></p>

<p><hw>Port</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Etymology uncertain.] <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>The larboard or left side of a ship (looking from the stern toward the bow); as, a vessel heels to <i>port</i>. See <u>Note</u> under <u>Larboard</u>. Also used adjectively.</def></p>

<p><hw>Port</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>To turn or put to the left or larboard side of a ship; — said of the helm, and used chiefly in the imperative, as a command; as, <i>port</i> your helm.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Por"ta</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Port&aelig;</b></plw> (#). [L., a gate. See <u>Port</u> a hole.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The part of the liver or other organ where its vessels and nerves enter; the hilus.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The foramen of Monro.</def> <i>B. G. Wilder.</i></p>

<p><hw>Port`a*bil"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality or state of being portable; fitness to be carried.</def></p>

<p><hw>Port"a*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>portabilis</i>, fr. <i>portare</i> to carry: cf. F. <i>portable</i>. See <u>Port</u> demeanor.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Capable of being borne or carried; easily transported; conveyed without difficulty; as, a <i>portable</i> bed, desk, engine.</def> <i>South.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Possible to be endured; supportable.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>How light and <i>portable</i> my pain seems now!</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Portable forge</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Forge</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Portable steam engine</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Steam engine</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Port"a*ble*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality or state of being portable; portability.</def></p>

<p><hw>Por"tace</hw> (?; 48), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Portass</u>.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Port"age</hw> (?; 48), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From 2d <u>Port</u>.] <i>(Naut.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A sailor's wages when in port.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The amount of a sailor's wages for a voyage.</def></p>

<p><hw>Port"age</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [3d <u>Port</u>.] <def>A porthole.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Por"tage</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., from <i>porter</i> to carry. See <u>Port</u> to carry.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of carrying or transporting.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The price of carriage; porterage.</def> <i>Bp. Fell.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Capacity for carrying; tonnage.</def> [Obs.] <i>Hakluyt.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>A carry between navigable waters. See 3d <u>Carry</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Por"tage</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t. & i.</i></pos> <def>To carry (goods, boats, etc.) overland between navigable waters.</def></p>

<p><hw>Por"tage group`</hw> (?). [So called from the township of <i>Portage</i> in New York.] <i>(Geol.)</i> <def>A subdivision of the Chemung period in American geology. See <i>Chart</i> of <u>Geology</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Por"ta*gue</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Portuguese</u>.] <def>A Portuguese gold coin formerly current, and variously estimated to be worth from three and one half to four and one half pounds sterling.</def> [Obs.] [Written also <i>portegue</i> and <i>portigue</i>.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Ten thousand <i>portagues</i>, besides great pearls.</blockquote> <i>Marlowe.</i></p>

<p><hw>Por"tal</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>portal</i>, F. <i>portail</i>, LL. <i>portale</i>, fr. L. <i>porta</i> a gate. See <u>Port</u> a gate.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A door or gate; hence, a way of entrance or exit, especially one that is grand and imposing.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Thick with sparkling orient gems<BR> The <i>portal</i> shone.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>From out the fiery <i>portal</i> of the east.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Arch.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The lesser gate, where there are two of different dimensions.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>Formerly, a small square corner in a room separated from the rest of the apartment by wainscoting, forming a short passage to another apartment.</def> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <def>By analogy with the French <i>portail</i>, used by recent writers for the whole architectural composition which surrounds and includes the doorways and porches of a church.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Bridge Building)</i> <def>The space, at one end, between opposite trusses when these are terminated by inclined braces.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>A prayer book or breviary; a portass.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><col><b>Portal bracing</b></col> <i>(Bridge Building)</i>, <cd>a combination of struts and ties which lie in the plane of the inclined braces at a portal, serving to transfer wind pressure from the upper parts of the trusses to an abutment or pier of the bridge.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Por"tal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to a porta, especially the porta of the liver; as, the <i>portal</i> vein, which enters the liver at the porta, and divides into capillaries after the manner of an artery.</def></p>

<p>&fist; <i>Portal</i> is applied to other veins which break up into capillaries; as, the renal <i>portal</i> veins in the frog.</p>

<p><hw>||Por`ta*men"to</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [It., fr. <i>portare</i> to carry.] <i>(Mus.)</i> <def>In singing, or in the use of the bow, a gradual carrying or lifting of the voice or sound very smoothly from one note to another; a gliding from tone to tone.</def></p>

<p><hw>Por"tance</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Port</u>, carriage, demeanor.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser. Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Por"tass</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>porte-hors</i> a kind of prayer book, so called from being portable; cf. LL. <i>portiforium</i>.] <def>A breviary; a prayer book.</def> [Written variously <i>portace</i>, <i>portasse</i>, <i>portesse</i>, <i>portise</i>, <i>porthose</i>, <i>portos</i>, <i>portus</i>, <i>portuse</i>, etc.] [Obs.] <i>Spenser. Camden.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>By God and by this <i>porthors</i> I you swear.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Por"tate</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>portatus</i>, p. p. of <i>portare</i> to carry.] <i>(Her.)</i> <def>Borne not erect, but diagonally athwart an escutcheon; as, a cross <i>portate</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Por"ta*tive</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>portatif</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Portable.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Physics)</i> <def>Capable of holding up or carrying; as, the <i>portative</i> force of a magnet, of atmospheric pressure, or of capillarity.</def></p>

<p><hw>Port"cluse</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A portcullis.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Port`cray"on</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>porte- crayon</i>; <i>porter</i> to carry + <i>crayon</i> a crayon.] <def>A metallic handle with a clasp for holding a crayon.</def></p>

<p><hw>Port*cul"lis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>porte coulisse</i>, <i>cole&iuml;ce</i>, a sliding door, fr. L. <i>colare</i>, <i>colatum</i>, to filter, to strain: cf. F. <i>couler</i> to glide. See <u>Port</u> a gate, and cf. <u>Cullis</u>, <u>Colander</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Fort.)</i> <def>A grating of iron or of timbers pointed with iron, hung over the gateway of a fortress, to be let down to prevent the entrance of an enemy.</def> "Let the <i>portcullis</i> fall." <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>She . . . the huge <i>portcullis</i> high updrew.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>An English coin of the reign of Elizabeth, struck for the use of the East India Company; — so called from its bearing the figure of a portcullis on the reverse.</def></p>

<p><hw>Port*cul"lis</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Portcullised</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Portcullising</u>.] <def>To obstruct with, or as with, a portcullis; to shut; to bar.</def> [R.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Porte</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>porte</i> a gate, L. <i>porta</i>. See <u>Port</u> a gate.] <def>The Ottoman court; the government of the Turkish empire, officially called the <i>Sublime Porte</i>, from the gate (<i>port</i>) of the sultan's palace at which justice was administered.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Porte"-co`ch&egrave;re"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. See <u>Port</u> a gate, and <u>Coach</u>.] <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>A large doorway allowing vehicles to drive into or through a building. It is common to have the entrance door open upon the passage of the <i>porte-coch&egrave;re</i>. Also, a porch over a driveway before an entrance door.</def></p>

<p><hw>Port"ed</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having gates.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>We took the sevenfold-<i>ported</i> Thebes.</blockquote> <i>Chapman.</i></p>

<p><hw>Por"te*gue</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Portague</u>.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Porte"mon*naie`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., fr. <i>porter</i> to carry + <i>monnaie</i> money.] <def>A small pocketbook or wallet for carrying money.</def></p>

<p><hw>Por*tend"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Portended</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Portending</u>.] [L. <i>portendre</i>, <i>portentum</i>, to foretell, to predict, to impend, from an old preposition used in comp. + <i>tendere</i> to stretch. See <u>Position</u>, <u>Tend</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To indicate (events, misfortunes, etc.) as in future; to foreshow; to foretoken; to bode; — now used esp. of unpropitious signs.</def> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Many signs <i>portended</i> a dark and stormy day.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To stretch out before.</def> [R.] "Doomed to feel the great Idomeneus' <i>portended</i> steel." <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — To foreshow; foretoken; betoken; forebode; augur; presage; foreshadow; threaten.</p>

<p><hw>Por*ten"sion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The act of foreshowing; foreboding.</def> [R.] <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Por*tent"</hw> (?; 277), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>portentum</i>. See <u>Portend</u>.] <def>That which portends, or foretoken; esp., that which portends evil; a sign of coming calamity; an omen; a sign.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>My loss by dire <i>portents</i> the god foretold.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Por*tent"ive</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Presaging; foreshadowing.</def></p>

<p><hw>Por*tent"ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>portentosus</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Of the nature of a portent; containing portents; foreshadowing, esp. foreshadowing ill; ominous.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>For, I believe, they are <i>portentous</i> things.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Victories of strange and almost <i>portentous</i> splendor.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Hence: Monstrous; prodigious; wonderful; dreadful; as, a beast of <i>portentous</i> size.</def> <i>Roscommon.</i></p>

<p>— <wf>Por*tent"ous*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Por*tent"ous*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Por"ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>portier</i>, L. <i>portarius</i>, from <i>porta</i> a gate, door. See <u>Port</u> a gate.] <def>A man who has charge of a door or gate; a doorkeeper; one who waits at the door to receive messages.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>To him the <i>porter</i> openeth.</blockquote> <i>John x. 3.</i></p>

<p><hw>Por"ter</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>porteur</i>, fr. <i>porter</i> to carry, L. <i>portare</i>. See <u>Port</u> to carry.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A carrier; one who carries or conveys burdens, luggage, etc.; for hire.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Forging)</i> <def>A bar of iron or steel at the end of which a forging is made; esp., a long, large bar, to the end of which a heavy forging is attached, and by means of which the forging is lifted and handled in hammering and heating; — called also <i>porter bar</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A malt liquor, of a dark color and moderately bitter taste, possessing tonic and intoxicating qualities.</def></p>

<p>&fist; Porter is said to be so called as having been first used chiefly by the London <i>porters</i>, and this application of the word is supposed to be not older than 1750.</p>

<p><hw>Por"ter*age</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The work of a porter; the occupation of a carrier or of a doorkeeper.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Money charged or paid for the carriage of burdens or parcels by a porter.</def></p>

<p><hw>Por"ter*ess</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Portress</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Por"ter*house</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A house where porter is sold.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Porterhouse steak</b></col>, <cd>a steak cut from a sirloin of beet, including the upper and under part.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Por"tesse</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Porteass</u>.</def> [Obs.] <i>Tyndale.</i></p>

<p><hw>Port"fire`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A case of strong paper filled with a composition of niter, sulphur, and mealed powder, — used principally to ignite the priming in proving guns, and as an incendiary material in shells.</def></p>

<p><hw>Port*fol"io</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>portefeuille</i>; <i>porter</i> to carry + <i>feuille</i> a leaf. See <u>Port</u> to carry, and <u>Folio</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A portable case for holding loose papers, prints, drawings, etc.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Hence: The office and functions of a minister of state or member of the cabinet; as, to receive the <i>portfolio</i> of war; to resign the <i>portfolio</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Port"glave</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>porte- glaive</i>; <i>porter</i> to carry + <i>glaive</i> a sword.] <def>A sword bearer.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p>{ <hw>Port"greve`</hw> (?), <hw>Port"grave`</hw> (?), }[AS. <i>portger&emacr;fa</i>; <i>port</i> a harbor + <i>ger&emacr;fa</i> a reeve or sheriff. See <u>Reeve</u> a steward, and cf. <u>Portreeve</u>.] <def>In old English law, the chief magistrate of a port or maritime town.; a portreeve.</def> [Obs.] <i>Fabyan.</i></p>

<p><hw>Port"hole`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>An embrasure in a ship's side. See 3d <u>Port</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Port"hook`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>One of the iron hooks to which the port hinges are attached.</def> <i>J. Knowles.</i></p>

<p><hw>Port"hors`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Portass</u>.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Por"ti*co</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Porticoes</b></plw> (#) <i>or</i> <plw><b>Porticos</b></plw>. [It., L. <i>porticus</i>. See <u>Porch</u>.] <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>A colonnade or covered ambulatory, especially in classical styles of architecture; usually, a colonnade at the entrance of a building.</def></p>

<p><hw>Por"ti*coed</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Furnished with a portico.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Por`ti&egrave;re""</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., fr. <i>porte</i> gate, door. See <u>Port</u> a gate.] <def>A curtain hanging across a doorway.</def></p>

<p><hw>Por"ti*gue</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Portague</u>.</def> <i>Beau. & Fl.</i></p>

<p><hw>Por"tin*gal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to Portugal; Portuguese.</def> [Obs.] — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A Portuguese.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Por"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., from L. <i>portio</i>, akin to <i>pars</i>, <i>partis</i>, a part. See <u>Part</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>That which is divided off or separated, as a part from a whole; a separated part of anything.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A part considered by itself, though not actually cut off or separated from the whole.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>These are parts of his ways; but how little a <i>portion</i> is heard of him!</blockquote> <i>Job xxvi. 14.</i></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Portions</i> and parcels of the dreadful past.</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A part assigned; allotment; share; fate.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The lord of that servant . . . will appoint him his <i>portion</i> with the unbelievers.</blockquote> <i>Luke xii. 46.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Man's <i>portion</i> is to die and rise again.</blockquote> <i>Keble.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>The part of an estate given to a child or heir, or descending to him by law, and distributed to him in the settlement of the estate; an inheritance.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Give me the <i>portion</i> of goods that falleth to me.</blockquote> <i>Luke xv. 12.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>A wife's fortune; a dowry.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Division; share; parcel; quantity; allotment; dividend. — <u>Portion</u>, <u>Part</u>. <i>Part</i> is generic, having a simple reference to some <i>whole</i>. <i>Portion</i> has the additional idea of such a division as bears reference to an individual, or is allotted to some object; as, a <i>portion</i> of one's time; a <i>portion</i> of Scripture.</p>

<p><hw>Por"tion</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Portioned</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Portioning</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To separate or divide into portions or shares; to parcel; to distribute.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>And <i>portion</i> to his tribes the wide domain.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To endow with a portion or inheritance.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Him <i>portioned</i> maids, apprenticed orphans, blest.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><! p. 1117 !></p>

<p><hw>Por"tion*er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who portions.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Eccl.)</i> <def>See <u>Portionist</u>, 2.</def></p>

<p><hw>Por"tion*ist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A scholar at Merton College, Oxford, who has a certain academical allowance or portion; — corrupted into <i>postmaster</i>.</def> <i>Shipley.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Eccl.)</i> <def>One of the incumbents of a benefice which has two or more rectors or vicars.</def></p>

<p><hw>Por"tion*less</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having no portion.</def></p>

<p><hw>Por"tise</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Portass</u>.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Port"land ce*ment"</hw> (?). <def>A cement having the color of the Portland stone of England, made by calcining an artificial mixture of carbonate of lime and clay, or sometimes certain natural limestones or chalky clays. It contains a large proportion of clay, and hardens under water.</def></p>

<p><hw>Port"land stone"</hw> (?). <def>A yellowish-white calcareous freestone from the Isle of Portland in England, much used in building.</def></p>

<p><hw>Port"land vase`</hw> (?). <def>A celebrated cinerary urn or vase found in the tomb of the Emperor Alexander Severus. It is owned by the Duke of Portland, and kept in the British Museum.</def></p>

<p><hw>Port"last</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>The portoise. See <u>Portoise</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Port"li*ness</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The quality or state of being portly; dignity of mien or of personal appearance; stateliness.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Such pride is praise; such <i>portliness</i> is honor.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Bulkiness; corpulence.</def></p>

<p><hw>Port"ly</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [From <u>Port</u> demeanor.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Having a dignified port or mien; of a noble appearance; imposing.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Bulky; corpulent.</def> "A <i>portly</i> personage." <i>Dickens.</i></p>

<p><hw>Port"man</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Portmen</b></plw> (&?;). <def>An inhabitant or burgess of a port, esp. of one of the Cinque Ports.</def></p>

<p><hw>Port*man"teau</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Portmanteaus</b></plw> (#). [F. <i>porte-manteau</i>; <i>porter</i> to carry + <i>manteau</i> a cloak, mantle. See <u>Port</u> to carry, and <u>Mantle</u>.] <def>A bag or case, usually of leather, for carrying wearing apparel, etc., on journeys.</def> <i>Thackeray.</i></p>

<p><hw>Port*man"tle</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A portmanteau.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Port"mote`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>In old English law, a court, or mote, held in a port town.</def> [Obs.] <i>Blackstone.</i></p>

<p><hw>Por"toir</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF., fr. <i>porter</i> to bear.] <def>One who, or that which, bears; hence, one who, or that which, produces.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Branches . . . which were <i>portoirs</i>, and bare grapes.</blockquote> <i>Holland.</i></p>

<p><hw>Por"toise</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Perhaps fr. OF. <i>porteis</i> portative, portable.] <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>The gunwale of a ship.</def></p>

<p><col><b>To lower the yards a-portoise</b></col>, <cd>to lower them to the gunwale.</cd> — <col><b>To ride a portoise</b></col>, <cd>to ride an anchor with the lower yards and topmasts struck or lowered, as in a gale of wind.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Por"tos</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Portass</u>.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Port"pane</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From L. <i>portare</i> to carry + <i>panis</i> bread; prob. through French.] <def>A cloth for carrying bread, so as not to touch it with the hands.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Por"trait</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., originally p. p. of <i>portraire</i> to portray. See <u>Portray</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The likeness of a person, painted, drawn, or engraved; commonly, a representation of the human face painted from real life.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>In <i>portraits</i>, the grace, and, we may add, the likeness, consists more in the general air than in the exact similitude of every feature.</blockquote> <i>Sir J. Reynolds.</i></p>

<p>&fist; The meaning of the word is sometimes extended so as to include a photographic likeness.</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Hence, any graphic or vivid delineation or description of a person; as, a <i>portrait</i> in words.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Portrait bust</b></col>, or <col><b>Portrait statue</b></col>, <cd>a bust or statue representing the actual features or person of an individual; — in distinction from an <i>ideal bust</i> or <i>statue</i>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Por"trait</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To portray; to draw.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Por"trait*ist</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A portrait painter.</def> [R.] <i>Hamerton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Por"trai*ture</hw> (?; 135), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>portraiture</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A portrait; a likeness; a painted resemblance; hence, that which is copied from some example or model.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>For, by the image of my cause, I see<BR> The <i>portraiture</i> of his.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Divinity maketh the love of ourselves the pattern; the love of our neighbors but the <i>portraiture</i>.</blockquote> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Pictures, collectively; painting.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>The art or practice of making portraits.</def> <i>Walpole.</i></p>

<p><hw>Por"trai*ture</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To represent by a portrait, or as by a portrait; to portray.</def> [R.] <i>Shaftesbury.</i></p>

<p><hw>Por*tray"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [Written also <i>pourtray</i>.] [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>portrayed</u> (&?;); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Portraying</u>.] [OE. <i>pourtraien</i>, OF. <i>portraire</i>, <i>pourtraire</i>, F. <i>portraire</i>, fr. L. <i>protrahere</i>, <i>protractum</i>, to draw or drag forth; <i>pro</i> forward, forth + <i>trahere</i> to draw. See <u>Trace</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>, and cf. <u>Protract</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To paint or draw the likeness of; as, to <i>portray</i> a king on horseback.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Take a tile, and lay it before thee, and <i>portray</i> upon it the city, even Jerusalem.</blockquote> <i>Ezek. iv. 1.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Hence, figuratively, to describe in words.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To adorn with pictures.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Spear and helmets thronged, and shields<BR> Various with boastful arguments <i>potrayed</i>.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Por*tray"al</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The act or process of portraying; description; delineation.</def></p>

<p><hw>Por*tray"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who portrays.</def> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Port"reeve`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A port warden.</def></p>

<p><hw>Por"tress</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A female porter.</def> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Port-roy"al*ist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Eccl. Hist.)</i> <def>One of the dwellers in the Cistercian convent of Port Royal des Champs, near Paris, when it was the home of the Jansenists in the 17th century, among them being Arnauld, Pascal, and other famous scholars. Cf. <u>Jansenist</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Port"sale`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Port</i> gate + <i>sale</i>.] <def>Public or open sale; auction.</def> [Obs.] <i>Holland.</i></p>

<p><hw>Por"tu*a*ry</hw> (?; 135), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. <u>Portass</u>.] <i>(R. C. Ch.)</i> <def>A breviary.</def> [Eng.]</p>

<p><hw>Por"tu*guese</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>portugais</i>, Sp. <i>portugues</i>, Pg. <i>portuguez</i>.] <def>Of or pertaining to Portugal, or its inhabitants.</def> — <pos><i>n. sing. & pl.</i></pos> <def>A native or inhabitant of Portugal; people of Portugal.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Portuguese man-of-war</b></col>. <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <cd>See <u>Physalia</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>||Por`tu*la"ca</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., purslane.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A genus of polypetalous plants; also, any plant of the genus.</def></p>

<p>&fist; <i>Portulaca oleracea</i> is the common purslane. <i>P. grandiflora</i> is a South American herb, widely cultivated for its showy crimson, scarlet, yellow, or white, ephemeral blossoms.</p>

<p><hw>Por`tu*la*ca"ceous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to a natural order of plants (<i>Portulacace&aelig;</i>), of which Portulaca is the type, and which includes also the spring beauty (<i>Claytonia</i>) and other genera.</def></p>

<p><hw>Por"wi`gle</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Polliwig</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Por"y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Porous; as, <i>pory</i> stone. [R.] Dryden.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Po`s&eacute;"</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [F., placed, posed.] <i>(Her.)</i> <def>Standing still, with all the feet on the ground; — said of the attitude of a lion, horse, or other beast.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pose</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>gepose</i>; of uncertain origin; cf. W. <i>pas</i> a cough, Skr. <i>k&amacr;s</i> to cough, and E. <i>wheeze</i>.] <def>A cold in the head; catarrh.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pose</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>pose</i>, fr. <i>poser</i>. See <u>Pose</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>] <def>The attitude or position of a person; the position of the body or of any member of the body; especially, a position formally assumed for the sake of effect; an artificial position; as, the <i>pose</i> of an actor; the <i>pose</i> of an artist's model or of a statue.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pose</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Posed</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Posing</u>.] [F. <i>poser</i> to place, to put, L. <i>pausare</i> to pause, in LL. also, to place, put, fr. L. <i>pausa</i> a pause, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to make to cease, prob. akin to E. <i>few</i>. In compounds, this word appears corresponding to L. <i>ponere</i> to put, place, the substitution in French having been probably due to confusion of this word with L. <i>positio</i> position, fr. <i>ponere</i>. See <u>Few</u>, and cf. <u>Appose</u>, <u>Dispose</u>, <u>Oppose</u>, <u>Pause</u>, <u>Repose</u>, <u>Position</u>.] <def>To place in an attitude or fixed position, for the sake of effect; to arrange the posture and drapery of (a person) in a studied manner; as, to <i>pose</i> a model for a picture; to <i>pose</i> a sitter for a portrait.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pose</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To assume and maintain a studied attitude, with studied arrangement of drapery; to strike an attitude; to attitudinize; figuratively, to assume or affect a certain character; as, she <i>poses</i> as a prude.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He . . . <i>posed</i> before her as a hero.</blockquote> <i>Thackeray.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pose</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [Shortened from <i>appose</i>, for <i>oppose</i>. See 2d <u>Appose</u>, <u>Oppose</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To interrogate; to question.</def> [Obs.] "She . . . <i>posed</i> him and sifted him." <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To question with a view to puzzling; to embarrass by questioning or scrutiny; to bring to a stand.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A question wherewith a learned Pharisee thought to <i>pose</i> and puzzle him.</blockquote> <i>Barrow.</i></p>

<p><hw>Posed</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Firm; determined; fixed.</def> "A most <i>posed</i> . . . and grave behavior." [Obs.] <i>Urquhart.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pos"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who, or that which, puzzles; a difficult or inexplicable question or fact.</def> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><hw>Po"sied</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Inscribed with a posy.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>In <i>poised</i> lockets bribe the fair.</blockquote> <i>Gay.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pos"ing*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>So as to pose or puzzle.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pos"it</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Posited</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Positing</u>.] [L. <i>ponere</i>, <i>positum</i>, to place. See <u>Position</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To dispose or set firmly or fixedly; to place or dispose in relation to other objects.</def> <i>Sir M. Hale.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Logic)</i> <def>To assume as real or conceded; as, to <i>posit</i> a principle.</def> <i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Po*si"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>position</i>, L. <i>positio</i>, fr. <i>ponere</i>, <i>positum</i>, to put, place; prob. for <i>posino</i>, fr. an old preposition used only in comp. (akin to Gr. &?;) + <i>sinere</i> to leave, let, permit, place. See <u>Site</u>, and cf. <u>Composite</u>, <u>Compound</u>, <pos><i>v.</i></pos>, <u>Depone</u>, <u>Deposit</u>, <u>Expound</u>, <u>Impostor</u>, <u>Opposite</u>, <u>Propound</u>, <u>Pose</u>, <pos><i>v.</i></pos>, <u>Posit</u>, <u>Post</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The state of being posited, or placed; the manner in which anything is placed; attitude; condition; as, a firm, an inclined, or an upright <i>position</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>We have different prospects of the same thing, according to our different <i>positions</i> to it.</blockquote> <i>Locke.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The spot where a person or thing is placed or takes a place; site; place; station; situation; as, the <i>position</i> of man in creation; the fleet changed its <i>position</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Hence: The ground which any one takes in an argument or controversy; the point of view from which any one proceeds to a discussion; also, a principle laid down as the basis of reasoning; a proposition; a thesis; as, to define one's <i>position</i>; to appear in a false <i>position</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Let not the proof of any <i>position</i> depend on the <i>positions</i> that follow, but always on those which go before.</blockquote> <i>I. Watts.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Relative place or standing; social or official rank; as, a person of <i>position</i>; hence, office; post; as, to lose one's <i>position</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <i>(Arith.)</i> <def>A method of solving a problem by one or two suppositions; — called also the <i>rule of trial and error</i>.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Angle of position</b></col> <i>(Astron.)</i>, <cd>the angle which any line (as that joining two stars) makes with another fixed line, specifically with a circle of declination.</cd> — <col><b>Double position</b></col> <i>(Arith.)</i>, <cd>the method of solving problems by proceeding with each of two assumed numbers, according to the conditions of the problem, and by comparing the difference of the results with those of the numbers, deducing the correction to be applied to one of them to obtain the true result.</cd> — <col><b>Guns of position</b></col> <i>(Mil.)</i>, <cd>heavy fieldpieces, not designed for quick movements.</cd> — <col><b>Position finder</b></col> <i>(Mil.)</i>, <cd>a range finder. See under <u>Range</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Position micrometer</b></col>, <cd>a micrometer applied to the tube of an astronomical telescope for measuring angles of position in the field of view.</cd> — <col><b>Single position</b></col> <i>(Arith.)</i>, <cd>the method of solving problems, in which the result obtained by operating with an assumed number is to the true result as the number assumed is to the number required.</cd> — <col><b>Strategic position</b></col> <i>(Mil.)</i>, <cd>a position taken up by an army or a large detachment of troops for the purpose of checking or observing an opposing force.</cd></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Situation; station; place; condition; attitude; posture; proposition; assertion; thesis.</p>

<p><hw>Po*si"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To indicate the position of; to place.</def> [R.] <i>Encyc. Brit.</i></p>

<p> <hw>Po*si"tion*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to position.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Ascribing unto plants <i>positional</i> operations.</blockquote> <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pos"i*tive</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [OE. <i>positif</i>, F. <i>positif</i>, L. <i>positivus</i>. See <u>Position</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Having a real position, existence, or energy; existing in fact; real; actual; — opposed to <i>negative</i>.</def> "<i>Positive</i> good." <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Derived from an object by itself; not dependent on changing circumstances or relations; absolute; — opposed to <i>relative</i>; as, the idea of beauty is not <i>positive</i>, but depends on the different tastes individuals.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Definitely laid down; explicitly stated; clearly expressed; — opposed to <i>implied</i>; as, a <i>positive</i> declaration or promise.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Positive</i> words, that he would not bear arms against King Edward's son.</blockquote> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Hence: Not admitting of any doubt, condition, qualification, or discretion; not dependent on circumstances or probabilities; not speculative; compelling assent or obedience; peremptory; indisputable; decisive; as, <i>positive</i> instructions; <i>positive</i> truth; <i>positive</i> proof.</def> "'T is <i>positive</i> 'gainst all exceptions." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>Prescribed by express enactment or institution; settled by arbitrary appointment; said of laws.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>In laws, that which is natural bindeth universally; that which is <i>positive</i>, not so.</blockquote> <i>Hooker.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>Fully assured; confident; certain; sometimes, overconfident; dogmatic; overbearing; — said of persons.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Some <i>positive</i>, persisting fops we know,<BR> That, if once wrong, will needs be always.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <def>Having the power of direct action or influence; as, a <i>positive</i> voice in legislation.</def> <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>8.</b></sn> <i>(Photog.)</i> <def>Corresponding with the original in respect to the position of lights and shades, instead of having the lights and shades reversed; as, a <i>positive</i> picture.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>9.</b></sn> <i>(Chem.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>Electro- positive.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>Hence, basic; metallic; not acid; — opposed to <i>negative</i>, and said of metals, bases, and basic radicals.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Positive crystals</b></col> <i>(Opt.)</i>, <cd>a doubly refracting crystal in which the index of refraction for the extraordinary ray is greater than for the ordinary ray, and the former is refracted nearer to the axis than the latter, as quartz and ice; — opposed to <i>negative crystal</i>, or one in which this characteristic is reversed, as Iceland spar, tourmaline, etc.</cd> — <col><b>Positive degree</b></col> <i>(Gram.)</i>, <cd>that state of an adjective or adverb which denotes simple quality, without comparison or relation to increase or diminution; as, <i>wise</i>, <i>noble</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Positive electricity</b></col> <i>(Elec)</i>, <cd>the kind of electricity which is developed when glass is rubbed with silk, or which appears at that pole of a voltaic battery attached to the plate that is not attacked by the exciting liquid; — formerly called <i>vitreous electricity</i>; — opposed to <i>negative electricity</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Positive eyepiece</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Eyepiece</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Positive law</b></col>. <cd>See <i>Municipal law</i>, under <u>Law</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Positive motion</b></col> <i>(Mach.)</i>, <cd>motion which is derived from a driver through unyielding intermediate pieces, or by direct contact, and not through elastic connections, nor by means of friction, gravity, etc.; definite motion.</cd> — <col><b>Positive philosophy</b></col>. <cd>See <u>Positivism</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Positive pole</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <i>(Elec.)</i> <cd>The pole of a battery or pile which yields positive or vitreous electricity; — opposed to <i>negative pole</i>.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <i>(Magnetism)</i> <cd>The north pole</cd>. [R.] — <col><b>Positive quantity</b></col> <i>(Alg.)</i>, <cd>an affirmative quantity, or one affected by the sign <i>plus</i> [+].</cd> — <col><b>Positive rotation</b></col> <i>(Mech.)</i>, <cd>left-handed rotation.</cd> — <col><b>Positive sign</b></col> <i>(Math.)</i>, <cd>the sign [+] denoting <i>plus</i>, or <i>more</i>, or addition.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pos"i*tive</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>That which is capable of being affirmed; reality.</def> <i>South.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>That which settles by absolute appointment.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Gram.)</i> <def>The positive degree or form.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Photog.)</i> <def>A picture in which the lights and shades correspond in position with those of the original, instead of being reversed, as in a <i>negative</i>.</def> <i>R. Hunt.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <i>(Elec.)</i> <def>The positive plate of a voltaic or electrolytic cell.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pos"i*tive*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a positive manner; absolutely; really; expressly; with certainty; indubitably; peremptorily; dogmatically; — opposed to <i>negatively</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Good and evil which is removed may be esteemed good or evil comparatively, and <i>positively</i> simply.</blockquote> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Give me some breath, some little pause, my lord,<BR> Before I <i>positively</i> speak herein.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>I would ask . . . whether . . . the divine law does not <i>positively</i> require humility and meekness.</blockquote> <i>Sprat.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Positively charged</b></col> or <col><b>electrified</b></col> <i>(Elec.)</i>, <cd>having a charge of positive electricity; — opposed to <i>negatively electrified</i>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pos"i*tive*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality or state of being positive; reality; actualness; certainty; confidence; peremptoriness; dogmatism. See <u>Positive</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos></def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Positiveness</i>, pedantry, and ill manners.</blockquote> <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>positiveness</i> of sins of commission lies both in the habitude of the will and in the executed act too; the <i>positiveness</i> of sins of omission is in the habitude of the will only.</blockquote> <i>Norris.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pos"i*tiv*ism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A system of philosophy originated by M. Auguste Comte, which deals only with <i>positives</i>. It excludes from philosophy everything but the natural phenomena or properties of knowable things, together with their invariable relations of coexistence and succession, as occurring in time and space. Such relations are denominated <i>laws</i>, which are to be discovered by observation, experiment, and comparison. This philosophy holds all inquiry into <i>causes</i>, both efficient and final, to be useless and unprofitable.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pos"i*tiv*ist</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A believer in positivism.</def> — <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Relating to positivism.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pos`i*tiv"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Positiveness.</def> <i>J. Morley.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pos"i*ture</hw> (?; 135), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Posture</u>.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Pos"net</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>po&ccedil;onet</i>, dim. of <i>po&ccedil;on</i> a pot, a vessel.] <def>A little basin; a porringer; a skillet.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pos`o*log"ic</hw> (?), <hw>Pos`o*log"ic*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>posologique</i>.] <def>Pertaining to posology.</def></p>

<p><hw>Po*sol"o*gy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; how much + <i>-logy</i>: cf. F. <i>posologie</i>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>The science or doctrine of doses; dosology.</def></p>

<p><! p. 1118 !></p>

<p><hw>Pos"po*lite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Pol. <i>pospolite ruszenie</i> a general summons to arms, an arriere-ban; <i>pospolity</i> general + <i>ruszenie</i> a stirring.] <def>A kind of militia in Poland, consisting of the gentry, which, in case of invasion, was summoned to the defense of the country.</def></p>

<p><hw>Poss</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [See <u>Push</u>.] <def>To push; to dash; to throw.</def> [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]</p>

<p><blockquote>A cat . . . <i>possed</i> them [the rats] about.</blockquote> <i>Piers Plowman.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pos"se</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Posse comitatus</u>.</def></p>

<p><col><b>In posse</b></col>. <cd>See <u>In posse</u> in the Vocabulary.</cd></p>

<p><hw>||Pos"se com`i*ta"tus</hw> (?). [L. <i>posse</i> to be able, to have power + LL. <i>comitatus</i> a county, from <i>comes</i>, <i>comitis</i>, a count. See <u>County</u>, and <u>Power</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Law)</i> <def>The power of the county, or the citizens who may be summoned by the sheriff to assist the authorities in suppressing a riot, or executing any legal precept which is forcibly opposed.</def> <i>Blackstone.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A collection of people; a throng; a rabble.</def> [Colloq.]</p>

<p>&fist; The word <i>comitatus</i> is often omitted, and <i>posse</i> alone used. "A whole <i>posse</i> of enthusiasts." <i>Carlyle.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>As if the passion that rules were the sheriff of the place, and came off with all the <i>posse</i>.</blockquote> <i>Locke.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pos*sess"</hw> (?; 277), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Possessed</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Possessing</u>.] [L. <i>possessus</i>, p. p. of <i>possidere</i> to have, possess, from an inseparable prep. (cf. <u>Position</u>) + <i>sedere</i> to sit. See <u>Sit</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To occupy in person; to hold or actually have in one's own keeping; to have and to hold.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Houses and fields and vineyards shall be <i>possessed</i> again in this land.</blockquote> <i>Jer. xxxii. 15.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Yet beauty, though injurious, hath strange power,<BR> After offense returning, to regain<BR> Love once <i>possessed</i>.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To have the legal title to; to have a just right to; to be master of; to own; to have; as, to <i>possess</i> property, an estate, a book.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I am yours, and all that I <i>possess</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To obtain occupation or possession of; to accomplish; to gain; to seize.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>How . . . to <i>possess</i> the purpose they desired.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To enter into and influence; to control the will of; to fill; to affect; — said especially of evil spirits, passions, etc.</def> "Weakness <i>possesseth</i> me." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Those which were <i>possessed</i> with devils.</blockquote> <i>Matt. iv. 24.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>For ten inspired, ten thousand are <i>possessed</i>.</blockquote> <i>Roscommon.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>To put in possession; to make the owner or holder of property, power, knowledge, etc.; to acquaint; to inform; — followed by <i>of</i> or <i>with</i> before the thing possessed, and now commonly used reflexively.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I have <i>possessed</i> your grace of what I purpose.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Record a gift . . . of all he dies <i>possessed</i><BR> Unto his son.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>We <i>possessed</i> our selves of the kingdom of Naples.</blockquote> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>To <i>possess</i> our minds with an habitual good intention.</blockquote> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — To have; hold; occupy; control; own. — <u>Possess</u>, <u>Have</u>. <i>Have</i> is the more general word. To <i>possess</i> denotes to <i>have as a property</i>. It usually implies more permanence or definiteness of control or ownership than is involved in <i>having</i>. A man does not <i>possess</i> his wife and children: they are (so to speak) part of himself. For the same reason, we <i>have</i> the faculties of reason, understanding, will, sound judgment, etc.: they are exercises of the mind, not <i>possessions</i>.</p>

<p><hw>Pos*ses"sion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>possession</i>, L. <i>possessio</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act or state of possessing, or holding as one's own.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Law)</i> <def>The having, holding, or detention of property in one's power or command; actual seizin or occupancy; ownership, whether rightful or wrongful.</def></p>

<p>&fist; Possession may be either actual or constructive; actual, when a party has the immediate occupancy; constructive, when he has only the right to such occupancy.</p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>The thing possessed; that which any one occupies, owns, or controls; in the plural, property in the aggregate; wealth; dominion; as, foreign <i>possessions</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>When the young man heard that saying, he went away sorrowful, for he had great <i>possessions</i>.</blockquote> <i>Matt. xix. 22.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Ananias, with Sapphira his wife, sold a <i>possession</i>.</blockquote> <i>Acts v. 1.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The house of Jacob shall possess their <i>possessions</i>.</blockquote> <i>Ob. 17.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>The state of being possessed or controlled, as by an evil spirit, or violent passions; madness; frenzy; as, demoniacal <i>possession</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>How long hath this <i>possession</i> held the man?</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><col><b>To give possession</b></col>, <cd>to put in another's power or occupancy.</cd> — <col><b>To put in possession</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>To invest with ownership or occupancy; to provide or furnish with; as, <i>to put</i> one <i>in possession</i> of facts or information</cd>. <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <i>(Law)</i> <cd>To place one in charge of property recovered in ejectment or writ of entry.</cd> — <col><b>To take possession</b></col>, <cd>to enter upon, or to bring within one's power or occupancy.</cd> — <col><b>Writ of possession</b></col> <i>(Law)</i>, <cd>a precept directing a sheriff to put a person in peaceable possession of property recovered in ejectment or writ of entry.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pos*ses"sion</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To invest with property.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Pos*ses"sion*a*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to possession; arising from possession.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pos*ses"sion*er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A possessor; a property holder.</def> [Obs.] "<i>Possessioners</i> of riches." <i>E. Hall.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Having been of old freemen and <i>possessioners</i>.</blockquote> <i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>An invidious name for a member of any religious community endowed with property in lands, buildings, etc., as contrasted with mendicant friars.</def> [Obs.] <i>Wyclif.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pos`ses*si"val</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to the possessive case; as, a <i>possessival</i> termination.</def> <i>Earle.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pos*sess"ive</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>possessivus</i>: cf. F. <i>possessif</i>.] <def>Of or pertaining to possession; having or indicating possession.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Possessive case</b></col> <i>(Eng. Gram.)</i>, <cd>the genitive case; the case of nouns and pronouns which expresses ownership, origin, or some possessive relation of one thing to another; as, <i>Homer's</i> admirers; the <i>pear's</i> flavor; the <i>dog's</i> faithfulness.</cd> — <col><b>Possessive pronoun</b></col>, <cd>a pronoun denoting ownership; as, <i>his</i> name; <i>her</i> home; <i>my</i> book.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pos*sess"ive</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Gram.)</i> <def>The possessive case.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Gram.)</i> <def>A possessive pronoun, or a word in the possessive case.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pos*sess"ive*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a possessive manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pos*sess"or</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L.: cf. F. <i>possesseur</i>.] <def>One who possesses; one who occupies, holds, owns, or controls; one who has actual participation or enjoyment, generally of that which is desirable; a proprietor.</def> "<i>Possessors</i> of eternal glory." <i>Law.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>As if he had been <i>possessor</i> of the whole world.</blockquote> <i>Sharp.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Owner; proprietor; master; holder; occupant.</p>

<p><hw>Pos*sess"o*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>possessorius</i>: cf. F. <i>possessoire</i>.] <def>Of or pertaining to possession, either as a fact or a right; of the nature of possession; as, a <i>possessory</i> interest; a <i>possessory</i> lord.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Possessory action</b></col> or <col><b>suit</b></col> <i>(Law)</i>, <cd>an action to regain or obtain possession of something. See under <u>Petitory</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pos"set</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [W. <i>posel</i> curdled milk, posset.] <def>A beverage composed of hot milk curdled by some strong infusion, as by wine, etc., — much in favor formerly.</def> "I have drugged their <i>posset</i>." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pos"set</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Posseted</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Posseting</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To curdle; to turn, as milk; to coagulate; as, to <i>posset</i> the blood.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To treat with possets; to pamper.</def> [R.] "She was cosseted and <i>posseted</i>." <i>O. W. Holmes.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pos`si*bil"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Possibilities</b></plw> (#). [F. <i>possibilit&eacute;</i>, L. <i>possibilitas</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The quality or state of being possible; the power of happening, being, or existing.</def> "All <i>possibility</i> of error." <i>Hooker.</i> "Latent <i>possibilities</i> of excellence." <i>Johnson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>That which is possible; a contingency; a thing or event that may not happen; a contingent interest, as in real or personal estate.</def> <i>South. Burrill.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pos"si*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [F., fr. L. <i>possibilis</i>, fr. <i>posse</i> to be able, to have power; <i>potis</i> able, capable + <i>esse</i> to be. See <u>Potent</u>, <u>Am</u>, and cf. <u>Host</u> a landlord.] <def>Capable of existing or occurring, or of being conceived or thought of; able to happen; capable of being done; not contrary to the nature of things; — sometimes used to express extreme improbability; barely able to be, or to come to pass; as, possibly he is honest, as it is <i>possible</i> that Judas meant no wrong.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>With God all things are <i>possible</i>.</blockquote> <i>Matt. xix. 26.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Practicable; likely. See <u>Practicable</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Pos"si*bly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a possible manner; by possible means; especially, by extreme, remote, or improbable intervention, change, or exercise of power; by a chance; perhaps; as, <i>possibly</i> he may recover.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Can we . . . <i>possibly</i> his love desert?</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>When <i>possibly</i> I can, I will return.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pos"sum</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Shortened from <i>opossum</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>An opossum.</def> [Colloq. U. S.]</p>

<p><col><b>To play possum</b></col>, <col><b>To act possum</b></col>, <cd>to feign ignorance, indifference or inattention, with the intent to deceive; to dissemble; — in allusion to the habit of the opossum, which feigns death when attacked or alarmed.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Post-</hw> (p&omacr;st). [L. <i>post</i> behind, after; cf. Skr. <i>pa&ccedil;c&amacr;</i>behind, afterwards.] <def>A prefix signifying <i>behind</i>, <i>back</i>, <i>after</i>; as, <i>post</i>commissure, <i>post</i>dot, <i>post</i>script.</def></p>

<p><hw>Post</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [F. <i>aposter</i> to place in a post or position, generally for a bad purpose.] <def>Hired to do what is wrong; suborned.</def> [Obs.] <i>Sir E. Sandys.</i></p>

<p><hw>Post</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS., fr. L. <i>postis</i>, akin to <i>ponere</i>, <i>positum</i>, to place. See <u>Position</u>, and cf. 4th <u>Post</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A piece of timber, metal, or other solid substance, fixed, or to be fixed, firmly in an upright position, especially when intended as a stay or support to something else; a pillar; as, a hitching <i>post</i>; a fence <i>post</i>; the <i>posts</i> of a house.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>They shall take of the blood, and strike it on the two side <i>posts</i> and on the upper doorpost of the houses.</blockquote> <i>Ex. xii. 7.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Then by main force pulled up, and on his shoulders bore,<BR> The gates of Azza, <i>post</i> and massy bar.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Unto his order he was a noble <i>post</i>.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p>&fist; <i>Post</i>, in the sense of an upright timber or strut, is used in composition, in such words as king-<i>post</i>, queen- <i>post</i>, crown-<i>post</i>, gate<i>post</i>, etc.</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The doorpost of a victualer's shop or inn, on which were chalked the scores of customers; hence, a score; a debt.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>When God sends coin<BR> I will discharge your <i>post</i>.</blockquote> <i>S. Rowlands.</i></p>

<p><col><b>From pillar to post</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Pillar</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Knight of the post</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Knight</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Post hanger</b></col> <i>(Mach.)</i>, <cd>a bearing for a revolving shaft, adapted to be fastened to a post.</cd> — <col><b>Post hole</b></col>, <cd>a hole in the ground to set the foot of a post in.</cd> — <col><b>Post mill</b></col>, <cd>a form of windmill so constructed that the whole fabric rests on a vertical axis firmly fastened to the ground, and capable of being turned as the direction of the wind varies.</cd> — <col><b>Post and stall</b></col> <i>(Coal Mining)</i>, <cd>a mode of working in which pillars of coal are left to support the roof of the mine.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Post</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>poste</i>, LL. <i>posta</i> station, post (where horses were kept), properly, a fixed or set place, fem. fr. L. <i>positus</i> placed, p. p. of <i>ponere</i>. See <u>Position</u>, and cf. <u>Post</u> a pillar.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The place at which anything is stopped, placed, or fixed; a station.</def> Specifically: <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A station, or one of a series of stations, established for the refreshment and accommodation of travelers on some recognized route; as, a stage or railway <i>post</i>.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A military station; the place at which a soldier or a body of troops is stationed; also, the troops at such a station.</def> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <def>The piece of ground to which a sentinel's walk is limited.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A messenger who goes from station; an express; especially, one who is employed by the government to carry letters and parcels regularly from one place to another; a letter carrier; a postman.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>In certain places there be always fresh <i>posts</i>, to carry that further which is brought unto them by the other.</blockquote> <i>Abp. Abbot.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>I fear my Julia would not deign my lines,<BR> Receiving them from such a worthless <i>post</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>An established conveyance for letters from one place or station to another; especially, the governmental system in any country for carrying and distributing letters and parcels; the post office; the mail; hence, the carriage by which the mail is transported.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I send you the fair copy of the poem on dullness, which I should not care to hazard by the common <i>post</i>.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Haste or speed, like that of a messenger or mail carrier.</def> [Obs.] "In <i>post</i> he came." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>One who has charge of a station, especially of a postal station.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>He held office of postmaster, or, as it was then called, <i>post</i>, for several years.</blockquote> <i>Palfrey.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>A station, office, or position of service, trust, or emolument; as, the <i>post</i> of duty; the <i>post</i> of danger.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>post</i> of honor is a private station.</blockquote> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <def>A size of printing and writing paper. See the Table under <u>Paper</u>.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Post and pair</b></col>, <cd>an old game at cards, in which each player a hand of three cards.</cd> <i>B. Jonson.</i> — <col><b>Post bag</b></col>, <cd>a mail bag.</cd> — <col><b>Post bill</b></col>, <cd>a bill of letters mailed by a postmaster.</cd> — <col><b>Post chaise</b></col>, or <col><b>Post coach</b></col>, <cd>a carriage usually with four wheels, for the conveyance of travelers who travel post.</cd> — <col><b>Post day</b></col>, <cd>a day on which the mall arrives or departs.</cd> — <col><b>Post hackney</b></col>, <cd>a hired post horse.</cd> <i>Sir H. Wotton.</i> — <col><b>Post horn</b></col>, <cd>a horn, or trumpet, carried and blown by a carrier of the public mail, or by a coachman.</cd> — <col><b>Post horse</b></col>, <cd>a horse stationed, intended, or used for the post.</cd> — <col><b>Post hour</b></col>, <cd>hour for posting letters.</cd> <i>Dickens.</i> — <col><b>Post office</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>An office under governmental superintendence, where letters, papers, and other mailable matter, are received and distributed; a place appointed for attending to all business connected with the mail</cd>. <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>The governmental system for forwarding mail matter.</cd> — <col><b>Postoffice order</b></col>. <cd>See <i>Money order</i>, under <u>Money</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Post road</b></col>, or <col><b>Post route</b></col>, <cd>a road or way over which the mail is carried.</cd> — <col><b>Post town</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>A town in which post horses are kept</cd>. <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>A town in which a post office is established by law.</cd> — <col><b>To ride post</b></col>, <cd>to ride, as a carrier of dispatches, from place to place; hence, to ride rapidly, with as little delay as possible.</cd> — <col><b>To travel post</b></col>, <cd>to travel, as a post does, by relays of horses, or by keeping one carriage to which fresh horses are attached at each stopping place.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Post</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Posted</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Posting</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To attach to a post, a wall, or other usual place of affixing public notices; to placard; as, to <i>post</i> a notice; to <i>post</i> playbills.</def></p>

<p>&fist; Formerly, a large post was erected before the sheriff's office, or in some public place, upon which legal notices were displayed. This way of advertisement has not entirely gone of use.</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To hold up to public blame or reproach; to advertise opprobriously; to denounce by public proclamation; as, to <i>post</i> one for cowardice.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>On pain of being <i>posted</i> to your sorrow<BR> Fail not, at four, to meet me.</blockquote> <i>Granville.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To enter (a name) on a list, as for service, promotion, or the like.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To assign to a station; to set; to place; as, to <i>post</i> a sentinel.</def> "It might be to obtain a ship for a lieutenant, . . . or to get him <i>posted</i>." <i>De Quincey.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <i>(Bookkeeping)</i> <def>To carry, as an account, from the journal to the ledger; as, to <i>post</i> an account; to transfer, as accounts, to the ledger.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>You have not <i>posted</i> your books these ten years.</blockquote> <i>Arbuthnot.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>To place in the care of the post; to mail; as, to <i>post</i> a letter.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <def>To inform; to give the news to; to make (one) acquainted with the details of a subject; — often with <i>up</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Thoroughly <i>posted</i> up in the politics and literature of the day.</blockquote> <i>Lond. Sat. Rev.</i></p>

<p><col><b>To post off</b></col>, <cd>to put off; to delay.</cd> [Obs.] "Why did I, venturously, <i>post off</i> so great a business?" <i>Baxter.</i> — <col><b>To post over</b></col>, <cd>to hurry over.</cd> [Obs.] <i>Fuller.</i></p>

<p><hw>Post</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [Cf. OF. <i>poster</i>. See 4th <u>Post</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To travel with post horses; figuratively, to travel in haste.</def> "<i>Post</i> seedily to my lord your husband." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>And <i>post</i> o'er land and ocean without rest.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Man.)</i> <def>To rise and sink in the saddle, in accordance with the motion of the horse, esp. in trotting.</def> [Eng.]</p>

<p><hw>Post</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>With post horses; hence, in haste; as, to travel <i>post</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Post`-ab*do"men</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>post- </i> + <i>abdomen</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>That part of a crustacean behind the cephalothorax; — more commonly called <i>abdomen</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Post"a*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Capable of being carried by, or as by, post.</def> [Obs.] <i>W. Montagu.</i></p>

<p><hw>Post"act`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>An act done afterward.</def></p>

<p><hw>Post"age</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The price established by law to be paid for the conveyance of a letter or other mailable matter by a public post.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Postage stamp</b></col>, <cd>a government stamp required to be put upon articles sent by mail in payment of the postage, esp. an adhesive stamp issued and sold for that purpose.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Post"al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>postal</i>.] <def>Belonging to the post office or mail service; as, <i>postal</i> arrangements; <i>postal</i> authorities.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Postal card</b></col>, or <col><b>Post card</b></col>, <cd>a card sold by the government for transmission through the mails, at a lower rate of postage than a sealed letter. The message is written on one side of the card, and the direction on the other.</cd> — <col><b>Postal money order</b></col>. <cd>See <i>Money order</i>, under <u>Money</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Postal note</b></col>, <cd>an order payable to bearer, for a sum of money (in the United States less than five dollars under existing law), issued from one post office and payable at another specified office.</cd> — <col><b>Postal Union</b></col>, <cd>a union for postal purposes entered into by the most important powers, or governments, which have agreed to transport mail matter through their several territories at a stipulated rate.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Post*a"nal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>post-</i> + <i>anal</i>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Situated behind, or posterior to, the anus.</def></p>

<p><hw>Post*ax"i*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>post-</i> + <i>axial</i>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Situated behind any transverse axis in the body of an animal; caudal; posterior; especially, behind, or on the caudal or posterior (that is, ulnar or fibular) side of, the axis of a vertebrate limb.</def></p>

<p><! p. 1119 !></p>

<p><hw>Post"boy`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who rides post horses; a position; a courier.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A boy who carries letters from the post.</def></p>

<p><hw>Post"-cap`tain</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A captain of a war vessel whose name appeared, or was "posted," in the seniority list of the British navy, as distinguished from a commander whose name was not so posted. The term was also used in the United States navy; but no such commission as <i>post-captain</i> was ever recognized in either service, and the term has fallen into disuse.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Post"ca`va</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Postcav&aelig;</b></plw> . [NL. See <u>Post-</u>, and <u>Cave</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>The inferior vena cava.</def> — <wf>Post"ca`val</wf> (#), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>B. G. Wilder.</i></p>

<p><hw>Post*clav"i*cle</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>post- </i> + <i>clavicle</i>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>A bone in the pectoral girdle of many fishes projecting backward from the clavicle.</def> — <wf>Post`*cla*vic"u*lar</wf> (#), <pos><i>a.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Post*com"mis*sure</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>post-</i> + <i>commisure</i>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>A transverse commisure in the posterior part of the roof of the third ventricle of the brain; the posterior cerebral commisure.</def> <i>B. G. Wilder.</i></p>

<p><hw>Post`com*mun"ion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>post- </i> + <i>communion</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Ch. of Eng. & Prot. Epis. Ch.)</i> <def>The concluding portion of the communion service.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(R. C. Ch.)</i> <def>A prayer or prayers which the priest says at Mass, after the ablutions.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Post*cor"nu</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Postcornua</b></plw> (#). [NL. See <u>Post-</u>, and <u>Cornu</u>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>The posterior horn of each lateral ventricle of the brain.</def> <i>B. G. Wilder.</i></p>

<p><hw>Post"date`</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Postdated</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Postdating</u>.] [Pref. <i>post-</i> + <i>date</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To date after the real time; as, to <i>postdate</i> a contract, that is, to date it later than the time when it was in fact made.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To affix a date to after the event.</def></p>

<p><hw>Post"date`</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Made or done after the date assigned.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Of these [predictions] some were <i>postdate</i>; cunningly made after the thing came to pass.</blockquote> <i>Fuller.</i></p>

<p><hw>Post"date`</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A date put to a bill of exchange or other paper, later than that when it was actually made.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Post`di*lu"vi*al</hw> (?), <hw>Post`di*lu"vi*an</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>post-</i> + <i>diluvial</i>, <i>diluvian</i>.] <def>Being or happening after the flood in Noah's days.</def></p>

<p><hw>Post`di*lu"vi*an</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who lived after the flood.</def></p>

<p><hw>Post"-dis*sei"zin</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>post-</i> + <i>disseizin</i>.] <i>(O. Eng. Law)</i> <def>A subsequent disseizin committed by one of lands which the disseizee had before recovered of the same disseizor; a writ founded on such subsequent disseizin, now abolished.</def> <i>Burrill. Tomlins.</i></p>

<p><hw>Post`-dis*sei"zor</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>post-</i> + <i>disseizor</i>.] <i>(O. Eng. Law)</i> <def>A person who disseizes another of lands which the disseizee had before recovered of the same disseizor.</def> <i>Blackstone.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Post"e*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., after these or those (things), afterward.] <i>(Law)</i> <def>The return of the judge before whom a cause was tried, after a verdict, of what was done in the cause, which is indorsed on the <i>nisi prius</i> record.</def> <i>Wharton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pos"tel</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Apostle.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Post`en*ceph"a*lon</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>The metencephalon.</def></p>

<p><hw>Post"en*try</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>post-</i> + <i>entry</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A second or subsequent, at the customhouse, of goods which had been omitted by mistake.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Bookkeeping)</i> <def>An additional or subsequent entry.</def></p>

<p><hw>Post"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A large bill or placard intended to be posted in public places.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>One who posts bills; a billposter.</def></p>

<p><hw>Post"er</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who posts, or travels expeditiously; a courier.</def> "<i>Posters</i> of the sea and land." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A post horse.</def> "<i>Posters</i> at full gallop." <i>C. Lever.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pos*te"ri*or</hw> (p&obreve;s*t&emacr;"r&ibreve;*&etilde;r), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>posterior</i>, compar. of <i>posterus</i> coming after, from <i>post</i> after. See <u>Post-</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Later in time; hence, later in the order of proceeding or moving; coming after; — opposed to <i>prior</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Hesiod was <i>posterior</i> to Homer.</blockquote> <i>Broome.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Situated behind; hinder; — opposed to <i>anterior</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>At or toward the caudal extremity; caudal; — in human anatomy often used for <i>dorsal</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>On the side next the axis of inflorescence; — said of an axillary flower.</def> <i>Gray.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pos*te`ri*or"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>post&eacute;riorit&eacute;</i>.] <def>The state of being later or subsequent; as, <i>posteriority</i> of time, or of an event; — opposed to <i>priority</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pos*te"ri*or*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>Subsequently in time; also, behind in position.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pos*te"ri*ors</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> <def>The hinder parts, as of an animal's body.</def> <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pos*ter"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>posteritas</i>: cf. F. <i>post&eacute;rit&eacute;</i>. See <u>Posterior</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The race that proceeds from a progenitor; offspring to the furthest generation; the aggregate number of persons who are descended from an ancestor of a generation; descendants; — contrasted with <i>ancestry</i>; as, the <i>posterity</i> of Abraham.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>If [the crown] should not stand in thy <i>posterity</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Succeeding generations; future times.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Their names shall be transmitted to <i>posterity</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Their names shall be transmitted to <i>posterity</i>.</blockquote> <i>Smalridge.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pos"tern</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>posterne</i>, <i>posterle</i>, F. <i>poterne</i>, fr. L. <i>posterula</i>, fr. <i>posterus</i> coming after. See <u>Posterior</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Originally, a back door or gate; a private entrance; hence, any small door or gate.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He by a privy <i>postern</i> took his flight.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Out at the <i>postern</i>, by the abbey wall.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Fort.)</i> <def>A subterraneous passage communicating between the parade and the main ditch, or between the ditches and the interior of the outworks.</def> <i>Mahan.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pos"tern</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Back; being behind; private.</def> "The <i>postern</i> door." <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pos"te*ro</hw><def>- (&?;). A combining form meaning <i>posterior</i>, <i>back</i>; as, <i>postero</i>-inferior, situated back and below; <i>postero</i>-lateral, situated back and at the side.</def></p>

<p><hw>Post`ex*ist"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>post- </i> + <i>exist</i>.] <def>To exist after; to live subsequently.</def> [Obs. or R.]</p>

<p><hw>Post`ex*ist"ence</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Subsequent existence.</def></p>

<p><hw>Post`ex*ist"ent</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Existing or living after.</def> [R.] "<i>Postexistent</i> atoms." <i>Cudworth.</i></p>

<p><hw>Post"fact`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See <u>Post-</u>, and <u>Fact</u>.] <def>Relating to a fact that occurs after another.</def></p>

<p><hw>Post"fact`</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A fact that occurs after another.</def> "Confirmed upon the <i>postfact</i>." <i>Fuller.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Post`fac"tum</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [LL.] <i>(Rom. & Eng. Law)</i> <def>Same as <u>Postfact</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Post"-fine`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>post-</i> + <i>fine</i>.] <i>(O. Eng. Law)</i> <def>A duty paid to the king by the cognizee in a fine of lands, when the same was fully passed; — called also the <i>king's silver</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Post"fix</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Postfixes</b></plw> (#). [Pref. <i>post-</i> + <i>-fix</i>, as in <i>prefix</i>: cf. F. <i>postfixe</i>.] <i>(Gram.)</i> <def>A letter, syllable, or word, added to the end of another word; a suffix.</def> <i>Parkhurst.</i></p>

<p><hw>Post*fix"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To annex; specifically <i>(Gram.)</i>, to add or annex, as a letter, syllable, or word, to the end of another or principal word; to suffix.</def> <i>Parkhurst.</i></p>

<p><hw>Post*fron"tal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>post- </i> + <i>frontal</i>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Situated behind the frontal bone or the frontal region of the skull; — applied especially to a bone back of and below the frontal in many animals.</def> — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A postfrontal bone.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Post*fur"ca</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Postfurc&aelig;</b></plw> (#). [NL., fr. <i>post</i> behind + <i>furca</i> a fork.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of the internal thoracic processes of the sternum of an insect.</def></p>

<p><hw>Post*gen"i*ture</hw> (?; 135), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>post-</i> + L. <i>genitura</i> birth, geniture.] <def>The condition of being born after another in the same family; — distinguished from <i>primogeniture</i>.</def> [R.] <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Post*gle"noid</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>post- </i> + <i>glenoid</i>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Situated behind the glenoid fossa of the temporal bone.</def></p>

<p><hw>Post`haste"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Haste or speed in traveling, like that of a post or courier.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Post`haste</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>With speed or expedition; as, he traveled <i>posthaste</i>; to send <i>posthaste</i>.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pos*thet"o*my</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>po`sqh</grk> prepuce + <grk>te`mnein</grk> to cut.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Circumcision.</def> <i>Dunglison.</i></p>

<p><hw>Post"house`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A house established for the convenience of the post, where relays of horses can be obtained.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A house for distributing the malls; a post office.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Post"hume</hw> (?), <hw>Post"humed</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Posthumous.</def> [Obs.] <i>I. Watts.</i> <i>Fuller.</i></p>

<p><hw>Post"hu*mous</hw> (?; 277), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>posthumus</i>, <i>postumus</i>, properly, last; hence, late born (applied to children born after the father's death, or after he had made his will), superl. of <i>posterus</i>, <i>posterior</i>. See <u>Posterior</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Born after the death of the father, or taken from the dead body of the mother; as, a <i>posthumous</i> son or daughter.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Published after the death of the author; as, <i>posthumous</i> works; a <i>posthumous</i> edition.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Being or continuing after one's death; as, a <i>posthumous</i> reputation.</def> <i>Addison.</i> <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Post"hu*mous*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a posthumous manner; after one's decease.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pos"tic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>posticus</i>, fr. post after, behind.] <def>Backward.</def> [Obs.] <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pos"ti*cous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>posticus</i>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>Posterior.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>Situated on the outer side of a filament; — said of an extrorse anther.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pos"til</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>postille</i>, <i>apostille</i>, LL. <i>postilla</i>, probably from L. <i>post illa</i> (sc. <i>verba</i>) after those (words). Cf. <u>Apostil</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Originally, an explanatory note in the margin of the Bible, so called because written after the text; hence, a marginal note; a comment.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Langton also made <i>postils</i> upon the whole Bible.</blockquote> <i>Foxe.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(R. C. Ch. & Luth. Ch.)</i> <def>A short homily or commentary on a passage of Scripture; as, the first <i>postils</i> were composed by order of Charlemagne.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pos"til</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [Cf. LL. <i>postillare</i>.] <def>To write marginal or explanatory notes on; to gloss.</def> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pos"til</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Postiled</u> (&?;) or <u>Postilled</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Postiling</u> or <u>Postilling</u>.] <def>To write postils, or marginal notes; to comment; to postillate.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Postiling</i> and allegorizing on Scripture.</blockquote> <i>J. H. Newman.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pos"til*er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Written also <i>postiller</i>.] <def>One who writers marginal notes; one who illustrates the text of a book by notes in the margin.</def> <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pos*til"ion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>postillon</i>, It. <i>postiglione</i>, fr. <i>posta</i> post. See <u>Post</u> a postman.] <def>One who rides and guides the first pair of horses of a coach or post chaise; also, one who rides one of the horses when one pair only is used.</def> [Written also <i>postillion</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Pos"til*late</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [LL. <i>postillatus</i>, p. p. of <i>postillare</i>.] <def>To explain by marginal notes; to postil.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Tracts . . . <i>postillated</i> by his own hand.</blockquote> <i>C. Knight.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pos"til*late</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To write postils; to comment.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To preach by expounding Scripture verse by verse, in regular order.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pos`til*la"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [LL. <i>postillatio</i>.] <def>The act of postillating; exposition of Scripture in preaching.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pos"til*la`tor</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [LL.] <def>One who postillates; one who expounds the Scriptures verse by verse.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pos"til*ler</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Postiler</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Post"ing</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of traveling post.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Bookkeeping)</i> <def>The act of transferring an account, as from the journal to the ledger.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Posting house</b></col>, <cd>a post house.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Post`li*min"i*ar</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See <u>Postliminium</u>.] <def>Contrived, done, or existing subsequently.</def> "<i>Postliminious</i> after applications of them to their purposes." <i>South.</i></p>

<p><hw>Post`li*min"i*a*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pertaining to, or involving, the right of postliminium.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>||Post`li*min"i*um</hw> (?), <hw>Post*lim"i*ny</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>postliminium</i>, <i>post</i> after + <i>limen</i>, <i>liminis</i>, a threshold.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Rom. Antiq.)</i> <def>The return to his own country, and his former privileges, of a person who had gone to sojourn in a foreign country, or had been banished, or taken by an enemy.</def> <i>Burrill.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Internat. Law)</i> <def>The right by virtue of which persons and things taken by an enemy in war are restored to their former state when coming again under the power of the nation to which they belonged.</def> <i>Kent.</i></p>

<p><hw>Post"lude</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>post-</i> + <i>-lude</i>, as in <i>prelude</i>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>A voluntary at the end of a service.</def></p>

<p><hw>Post"man</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Postmen</b></plw> (&?;). <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A post or courier; a letter carrier.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Eng. Law)</i> <def>One of the two most experienced barristers in the Court of Exchequer, who have precedence in motions; — so called from the place where he sits. The other of the two is called the <i>tubman</i>.</def> <i>Whishaw.</i></p>

<p><hw>Post"mark`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The mark, or stamp, of a post office on a letter, giving the place and date of mailing or of arrival.</def></p>

<p><hw>Post"mark`</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Postmarked</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Postmarking</u>.] <def>To mark with a post-office stamp; as, to <i>postmark</i> a letter or parcel.</def></p>

<p><hw>Post"mas`ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who has charge of a station for the accommodation of travelers; one who supplies post horses.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>One who has charge of a post office, and the distribution and forwarding of mails.</def></p>

<p><hw>Post"mas`ter-gen"er*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Postmasters-general</b></plw>. <def>The chief officer of the post-office department of a government. In the United States the postmaster-general is a member of the cabinet.</def></p>

<p><hw>Post"mas`ter*ship</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The office of postmaster.</def></p>

<p><hw>Post`me*rid"i*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>postmeridianus</i>; <i>post</i> after + <i>meridianus</i>. See <u>Meridian</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Coming after the sun has passed the meridian; being in, or belonging to, the afternoon. (Abbrev. <u>P. M.</u>)</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Fig., belonging to the after portion of life; late.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>||Post-mor"tem</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L., after death.] <def>After death; as, <i>post-mortem</i> rigidity.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Post-mortem examination</b></col> <i>(Med.)</i>, <cd>an examination of the body made after the death of the patient; an autopsy.</cd></p>

<p><hw>||Post*na"res</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Post-</u>, and <u>Nares</u>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>The posterior nares. See <u>Nares</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Post*na"tal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>post-</i> + <i>natal</i>.] <def>After birth; subsequent to birth; as, <i>postnatal</i> infanticide; <i>postnatal</i> diseases.</def></p>

<p><hw>Post"nate</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [LL. <i>postnatus</i> second or subsequently born; L. <i>post</i> after + <i>natus</i> born.] <def>Subsequent.</def> "The graces and gifts of the spirit are <i>postnate</i>." [Archaic] <i>Jer. Taylor.</i></p>

<p><hw>Post" note`</hw> (?). <i>(Com.)</i> <def>A note issued by a bank, payable at some future specified time, as distinguished from a note payable on demand.</def> <i>Burrill.</i></p>

<p><hw>Post*nup"tial</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>post- </i> + <i>nuptial</i>.] <def>Being or happening after marriage; as, a <i>postnuptial</i> settlement on a wife.</def> <i>Kent.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Post-o"bit</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, or <hw>Post-o"bit bond`</hw> }. [Pref. <i>post-</i> + <i>obit</i>.] <i>(Law)</i> <def>A bond in which the obligor, in consideration of having received a certain sum of money, binds himself to pay a larger sum, on unusual interest, on the death of some specified individual from whom he has expectations.</def> <i>Bouvier.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Post*ob`lon*ga"ta</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Post-</u>, and <u>Oblongata</u>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>The posterior part of the medulla oblongata.</def> <i>B. G. Wilder.</i></p>

<p><hw>Post*oc"u*lar</hw> (?), <pos><i>a. & n.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>post-</i> + <i>ocular</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Postorbital</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Post" of`fice</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See under 4th <u>Post</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Post*o"ral</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>post-</i> + <i>oral</i>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Situated behind, or posterior to, the mouth.</def></p>

<p><hw>Post*or"bit*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>post- </i> + <i>orbital</i>.] <i>(Anat. & Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Situated behind the orbit; as, the <i>postorbital</i> scales of some fishes and reptiles.</def> — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A postorbital bone or scale.</def></p>

<p><hw>Post"paid`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having the postage prepaid, as a letter.</def></p>

<p><hw>Post*pal"a*tine</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>post- </i> + <i>palatine</i>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Situated behind the palate, or behind the palatine bones.</def></p>

<p><hw>Post*pli"o*cene</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Geol.)</i> [Pref. <i>post-</i> + <i>pliocene</i>.] <def>Of or pertaining to the period immediately following the Pliocene; Pleistocene. Also used as a noun. See <u>Quaternary</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Post*pone"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Postponed</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Postponing</u>.] [L. <i>postponere</i>, <i>postpositum</i>; <i>post</i> after + <i>ponere</i> to place, put. See <u>Post-</u>, and <u>Position</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To defer to a future or later time; to put off; also, to cause to be deferred or put off; to delay; to adjourn; as, to <i>postpone</i> the consideration of a bill to the following day, or indefinitely.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>His praise <i>postponed</i>, and never to be paid.</blockquote> <i>Cowper.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To place after, behind, or below something, in respect to precedence, preference, value, or importance.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>All other considerations should give way and be <i>postponed</i> to this.</blockquote> <i>Locke.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — To adjourn; defer; delay; procrastinate.</p>

<p><hw>Post*pone"ment</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The act of postponing; a deferring, or putting off, to a future time; a temporary delay.</def> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><hw>Post*pon"ence</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From L. <i>postponens</i>, p. pr.] <def>The act of postponing, in sense 2.</def> [Obs.] <i>Johnson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Post*pon"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who postpones.</def></p>

<p><hw>Post*pose"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Postposed</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Postposing</u>.] [F. <i>postposer</i>. See <u>Post-</u>, and <u>Pose</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>] <def>To postpone.</def> [Obs.] <i>Fuller.</i></p>

<p><hw>Post*pos"it</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [L. <i>postpositus</i>, p. p. See <u>Postpone</u>.] <def>To postpone.</def> [Obs.] <i>Feltham.</i></p>

<p><hw>Post`po*si"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>postposition</i>. See <u>Postpone</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of placing after, or the state of being placed after.</def> "The <i>postposition</i> of the nominative case to the verb." <i>Mede.</i></p>

<p><! p. 1120 !></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A word or particle placed after, or at the end of, another word; — distinguished from <i>preposition</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Post`po*si"tion*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to postposition.</def></p>

<p><hw>Post*pos"i*tive</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See <u>Postpone</u>.] <def>Placed after another word; as, a <i>postpositive</i> conjunction; a <i>postpositive</i> letter.</def> - - <wf>Post*pos"i*tive*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Post*pran"di*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>post- </i> + <i>prandial</i>.] <def>Happening, or done, after dinner; after- dinner; as, <i>postprandial</i> speeches.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pos*tre`mo*gen"i*ture</hw> (?; 135), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>postremus</i> last + <i>genitura</i> birth, geniture.] <def>The right of the youngest born.</def> <i>Mozley & W.</i></p>

<p><hw>Post`re*mote"</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>post- </i> + <i>remote</i>.] <def>More remote in subsequent time or order.</def></p>

<p><hw>Post"rid`er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who rides over a post road to carry the mails.</def> <i>Bancroft.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Post*scap"u*la</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Post-</u>, and <u>Scapula</u>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>The part of the scapula behind or below the spine, or mesoscapula.</def></p>

<p><hw>Post*scap"u*lar</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to the postscapula; infraspinous.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Post*sce"ni*um</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., fr. <i>post + scena</i> a scene.] <def>The part of a theater behind the scenes; the back part of the stage of a theater.</def></p>

<p><hw>Post*scribe"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [L. <i>postscribere</i>. See <u>Postscript</u>.] <def>To make a postscript.</def> [R.] <i>T. Adams.</i></p>

<p><hw>Post"script</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>postscriptus</i>, (assumed) p. p. of <i>postscribere</i> to write after; <i>post</i> after + <i>scribere</i> to write: cf. F. <i>postscriptum</i>. See <u>Post-</u>, and <u>Scribe</u>.] <def>A paragraph added to a letter after it is concluded and signed by the writer; an addition made to a book or composition after the main body of the work has been finished, containing something omitted, or something new occurring to the writer.</def> [Abbrev. P. S.]</p>

<p><hw>Post"script*ed</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having a postscript; added in a postscript.</def> [R.] <i>J. Q. Adams.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Post`scu*tel"lum</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Post-</u>, and <u>Scutellum</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The hindermost dorsal piece of a thoracic somite of an insect; the plate behind the scutellum.</def></p>

<p><hw>Post*sphe"noid</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>post- </i> + <i>sphenoid</i>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to the posterior part of the sphenoid bone.</def></p>

<p><hw>Post-tem"po*ral</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>post- </i> + <i>temporal</i>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Situated back of the temporal bone or the temporal region of the skull; — applied especially to a bone which usually connects the supraclavicle with the skull in the pectoral arch of fishes.</def> — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A post-temporal bone.</def></p>

<p><hw>Post*ter"ti*a*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>post- </i> + <i>tertiary</i>.] <i>(Geol.)</i> <def>Following, or more recent than, the Tertiary; Quaternary.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Post"-tra`gus</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Post-</u>, and <u>Tragus</u>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>A ridge within and behind the tragus in the ear of some animals.</def></p>

<p><hw>Post`-tym*pan"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>post- </i> + <i>tympanic</i>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Situated behind the tympanum, or in the skull, behind the auditory meatus.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pos"tu*lant</hw> (?; 135), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., fr. L. <i>postulans</i>, p. pr. of <i>postulare</i>. See <u>Postulate</u>.] <def>One who makes a request or demand; hence, a candidate.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pos"tu*late</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>postulatum</i> a demand, request, prop. p. p. of <i>postulare</i> to demand, prob. a dim. of <i>poscere</i> to demand, prob. for <i>porcscere</i>; akin to G. <i>forschen</i> to search, investigate, Skr. <i>prach</i> to ask, and L. <i>precari</i> to pray: cf. F. <i>postulat</i>. See <u>Pray</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Something demanded or asserted; especially, a position or supposition assumed without proof, or one which is considered as self-evident; a truth to which assent may be demanded or challenged, without argument or evidence.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Geom.)</i> <def>The enunciation of a self- evident problem, in distinction from an <i>axiom</i>, which is the enunciation of a self-evident theorem.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The distinction between a <i>postulate</i> and an axiom lies in this, — that the latter is admitted to be self-evident, while the former may be agreed upon between two reasoners, and admitted by both, but not as proposition which it would be impossible to deny.</blockquote> <i>Eng. Cyc.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pos"tu*late</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Postulated.</def> [Obs.] <i>Hudibras.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pos"tu*late</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Postulated</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Postulating</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To beg, or assume without proof; as, to <i>postulate</i> conclusions.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To take without express consent; to assume.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The Byzantine emperors appear to have . . . <i>postulated</i> a sort of paramount supremacy over this nation.</blockquote> <i>W. Tooke.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To invite earnestly; to solicit.</def> [Obs.] <i>Bp. Burnet.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pos"tu*la`ted</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Assumed without proof; as, a <i>postulated</i> inference.</def> <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pos`tu*la"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>postulatio</i>: cf. F. <i>postulation</i>.] <def>The act of postulating, or that which is postulated; assumption; solicitation; suit; cause.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pos"tu*la*to*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>postulatorius</i>.] <def>Of the nature of a postulate.</def> <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Pos`tu*la"tum</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Postulata</b></plw> (#). [L. See <u>Postulate</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <def>A postulate.</def> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pos"tu*mous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Posthumous</u>.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Pos"tur*al</hw> (?; 135), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to posture.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pos"ture</hw> (?; 135), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., fr. L. <i>positura</i>, fr. <i>ponere</i>, <i>positum</i>, to place. See <u>Position</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The position of the body; the situation or disposition of the several parts of the body with respect to each other, or for a particular purpose; especially <i>(Fine Arts)</i>, the position of a figure with regard to the several principal members by which action is expressed; attitude.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Atalanta, the <i>posture</i> of whose limbs was so lively expressed . . . one would have sworn the very picture had run.</blockquote> <i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>In most strange <i>postures</i><BR> We have seen him set himself.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>posture</i> of a poetic figure is a description of his heroes in the performance of such or such an action.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Place; position; situation.</def> [Obs.] <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>His [man's] noblest <i>posture</i> and station in this world.</blockquote> <i>Sir M. Hale.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>State or condition, whether of external circumstances, or of internal feeling and will; disposition; mood; as, a <i>posture</i> of defense; the <i>posture</i> of affairs.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The several <i>postures</i> of his devout soul.</blockquote> <i>Atterbury.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Attitude; position. See <u>Attitude</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Pos"ture</hw> (?; 135), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Postured</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Posturing</u>.] <def>To place in a particular position or attitude; to dispose the parts of, with reference to a particular purpose; as, to <i>posture</i> one's self; to <i>posture</i> a model.</def> <i>Howell.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pos"ture</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To assume a particular posture or attitude; to contort the body into artificial attitudes, as an acrobat or contortionist; also, to pose.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Fig.: To assume a character; as, to <i>posture</i> as a saint.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pos`tur*er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who postures.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Post*zyg`a*poph"y*sis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Postzygapophyses</b></plw> (#). [NL. See <u>Post- </u>, and <u>Zygapophysis</u>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>A posterior zygapophysis.</def></p>

<p><hw>Po"sy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Posies</b></plw> (#). [Contr. fr. <i>poesy</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A brief poetical sentiment; hence, any brief sentiment, motto, or legend; especially, one inscribed on a ring.</def> "The <i>posy</i> of a ring." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> [Probably so called from the use of flowers as having an enigmatical significance. <i>Wedgwood</i>.] <def>A flower; a bouquet; a nosegay.</def> "Bridegroom's <i>posies</i>." <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>We make a difference between suffering thistles to grow among us, and wearing them for <i>posies</i>.</blockquote> <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pot</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Akin to LG. <i>pott</i>, D. <i>pot</i>, Dan. <i>potte</i>, Sw. <i>potta</i>, Icel. <i>pottr</i>, F. <i>pot</i>; of unknown origin.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A metallic or earthen vessel, appropriated to any of a great variety of uses, as for boiling meat or vegetables, for holding liquids, for plants, etc.; as, a quart <i>pot</i>; a flower <i>pot</i>; a bean <i>pot</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>An earthen or pewter cup for liquors; a mug.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>The quantity contained in a pot; a potful; as, a <i>pot</i> of ale.</def> "Give her a <i>pot</i> and a cake." <i>De Foe.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>A metal or earthenware extension of a flue above the top of a chimney; a chimney pot.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>A crucible; as, a graphite <i>pot</i>; a melting <i>pot</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>A wicker vessel for catching fish, eels, etc.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <def>A perforated cask for draining sugar.</def> <i>Knight.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>8.</b></sn> <def>A size of paper. See <u>Pott</u>.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Jack pot</b></col>. <cd>See under 2d <u>Jack</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Pot cheese</b></col>, <cd>cottage cheese. See under <u>Cottage</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Pot companion</b></col>, <cd>a companion in drinking.</cd> — <col><b>Pot hanger</b></col>, <cd>a pothook.</cd> — <col><b>Pot herb</b></col>, <cd>any plant, the leaves or stems of which are boiled for food, as spinach, lamb's-quarters, purslane, and many others.</cd> — <col><b>Pot hunter</b></col>, <cd>one who kills anything and everything that will help to fill has bag; also, a hunter who shoots game for the table or for the market.</cd> — <col><b>Pot metal</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>The metal from which iron pots are made, different from common pig iron</cd>. <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>An alloy of copper with lead used for making large vessels for various purposes in the arts</cd>. <i>Ure.</i> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <cd>A kind of stained glass, the colors of which are incorporated with the melted glass in the pot.</cd> <i>Knight.</i> — <col><b>Pot plant</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>either of the trees which bear the monkey-pot.</cd> — <col><b>Pot wheel</b></col> <i>(Hydraul.)</i>, <cd>a noria.</cd> — <col><b>To go to pot</b></col>, <cd>to go to destruction; to come to an end of usefulness; to become refuse.</cd> [Colloq.] <i>Dryden.</i> <i>J. G. Saxe.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pot</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Potted</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Potting</u>.] <def>To place or inclose in pots</def>; as: <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>To preserve seasoned in pots.</def> "<i>Potted</i> fowl and fish." <i>Dryden.</i> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>To set out or cover in pots; as, <i>potted</i> plants or bulbs.</def> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <def>To drain; as, to <i>pot</i> sugar, by taking it from the cooler, and placing it in hogsheads, etc., having perforated heads, through which the molasses drains off.</def> <i>B. Edwards.</i> <sd><i>(d)</i></sd> <i>(Billiards)</i> <def>To pocket.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pot</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To tipple; to drink.</def> [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]</p>

<p><blockquote>It is less labor to plow than to <i>pot</i> it.</blockquote> <i>Feltham.</i></p>

<p><hw>Po"ta*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [F., fr. L. <i>potabilis</i>, fr. <i>potare</i> to drink; akin to Gr. <grk>po`tos</grk> a drinking, <grk>po`sis</grk> a drink, Skr. <i>p&amacr;</i> to drink, OIr. <i>ibim</i> I drink. Cf. <u>Poison</u>, <u>Bib</u>, <u>Imbibe</u>.] <def>Fit to be drunk; drinkable.</def> "Water fresh and <i>potable</i>." <i>Bacon.</i> — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A potable liquid; a beverage.</def> "Useful in <i>potables</i>." <i>J. Philips.</i></p>

<p><hw>Po"ta*ble*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality of being drinkable.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pot"age</hw> (?; 48), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Pottage</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pot"a*ger</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. fr. <i>potage</i> soup, porridge. See <u>Pottage</u>.] <def>A porringer.</def> [Obs.] <i>Grew.</i></p>

<p><hw>Po*tag"ro</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Potargo</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pot"ale`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The refuse from a grain distillery, used to fatten swine.</def></p>

<p><hw>Po*ta"mi*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; river.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A river tortoise; one of a group of tortoises (<i>Potamites</i>, or <i>Trionychoidea</i>) having a soft shell, webbed feet, and a sharp beak. See <u>Trionyx</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pot`a*mog"ra*phy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; river + <i>-graphy</i>.] <def>An account or description of rivers; potamology.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pot`a*mol"o*gy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; river + <i>-logy</i>.] <def>A scientific account or discussion of rivers; a treatise on rivers; potamography.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pot`a*mo*spon"gi*&aelig;</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?; river + &?; a sponge.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The fresh-water sponges. See <u>Spongilla</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Po"tance</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>potence</i>. See <u>Potence</u>, <u>Potency</u>.] <i>(Watch Making)</i> <def>The stud in which the bearing for the lower pivot of the verge is made.</def></p>

<p><hw>Po*tar"go</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. <u>Botargo</u>.] <def>A kind of sauce or pickle.</def> <i>King.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pot"ash`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Pot</i> + <i>ash</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The hydroxide of potassium hydrate, a hard white brittle substance, KOH, having strong caustic and alkaline properties; — hence called also <i>caustic potash</i>.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The impure potassium carbonate obtained by leaching wood ashes, either as a strong solution (<i>lye</i>), or as a white crystalline (<i>pearlash</i>).</def></p>

<p><hw>Pot"ash`es</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Potash.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Po*tas"sa</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. E. <i>potash</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>Potassium oxide.</def> [Obs.] <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>Potassium hydroxide, commonly called <i>caustic potash</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pot`ass*am"ide</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Potass</i>ium + <i>amide</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A yellowish brown substance obtained by heating potassium in ammonia.</def></p>

<p><hw>Po*tas"sic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Pertaining to, or containing, potassium.</def></p>

<p><hw>Po*tas"si*um</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Potassa</u>, <u>Potash</u>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>An Alkali element having atomic number 19, occurring abundantly but always combined, as in the chloride, sulphate, carbonate, or silicate, in the minerals sylvite, kainite, orthoclase, muscovite, etc. Atomic weight 39.1. Symbol K (<i>Kalium</i>).</def></p>

<p>&fist; It is reduced from the carbonate as a soft white metal, lighter than water, which oxidizes with the greatest readiness, and, to be preserved, must be kept under liquid hydrocarbons, as naphtha or kerosene. Its compounds are very important, being used in glass making, soap making, in fertilizers, and in many drugs and chemicals.</p>

<p><col><b>Potassium permanganate</b></col>, <cd>the salt KMnO<sub>4</sub>, crystallizing in dark red prisms having a greenish surface color, and dissolving in water with a beautiful purple red color; — used as an oxidizer and disinfectant. The name <i>chameleon mineral</i> is applied to this salt and also to potassium manganate.</cd> — <col><b>Potassium bitartrate</b></col>. <cd>See <i>Cream of tartar</i>, under <u>Cream</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pot`ass*ox"yl</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Potass</i>ium + <i>ox</i>ygen + <i>-yl</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>The radical KO, derived from, and supposed to exist in, potassium hydroxide and other compounds.</def></p>

<p><hw>Po*ta"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>potatio</i>, fr. <i>potare</i>. See <u>Potable</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of drinking.</def> <i>Jer. Taylor.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A draught.</def> "<i>Potations</i> pottle deep." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Drink; beverage.</def> "Thin <i>potations</i>." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Po*ta"to</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Potatoes</b></plw> (#). [Sp. <i>patata</i> potato, <i>batata</i> sweet potato, from the native American name (probably <i>batata</i>) in Hayti.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A plant (<i>Solanum tuberosum</i>) of the Nightshade family, and its esculent farinaceous tuber, of which there are numerous varieties used for food. It is native of South America, but a form of the species is found native as far north as New Mexico.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The sweet potato (see below).</def></p>

<p><col><b>Potato beetle</b></col>, <col><b>Potato bug</b></col>. <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>A beetle (<i>Doryphora decemlineata</i>) which feeds, both in the larval and adult stages, upon the leaves of the potato, often doing great damage. Called also <i>Colorado potato beetle</i>, and <i>Doryphora</i>.</cd> See <u>Colorado beetle</u>. <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>The <i>Lema trilineata</i>, a smaller and more slender striped beetle which feeds upon the potato plant, bur does less injury than the preceding species.</cd> — <col><b>Potato fly</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>any one of several species of blister beetles infesting the potato vine. The black species (<i>Lytta atrata</i>), the striped (<i>L. vittata</i>), and the gray (<i>L. cinerea, or Fabricii</i>) are the most common. See <i>Blister beetle</i>, under <u>Blister</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Potato rot</b></col>, <cd>a disease of the tubers of the potato, supposed to be caused by a kind of mold (<i>Peronospora infestans</i>), which is first seen upon the leaves and stems.</cd> — <col><b>Potato weevil</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>an American weevil (<i>Baridius trinotatus</i>) whose larva lives in and kills the stalks of potato vines, often causing serious damage to the crop.</cd> — <col><b>Potato whisky</b></col>, <cd>a strong, fiery liquor, having a hot, smoky taste, and rich in amyl alcohol (<i>fusel oil</i>); it is made from potatoes or potato starch.</cd> — <col><b>Potato worm</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the large green larva of a sphinx, or hawk moth (<i>Macrosila quinquemaculata</i>); — called also <i>tomato worm</i>. See <i>Illust.</i> under <u>Tomato</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Seaside potato</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd><i>Ipom&oelig;a Pes-Capr&aelig;</i>, a kind of morning-glory with rounded and emarginate or bilobed leaves.</cd> [West Indies] — <col><b>Sweet potato</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>a climbing plant (<i>Ipom&oelig;a Balatas</i>) allied to the morning-glory. Its farinaceous tubers have a sweetish taste, and are used, when cooked, for food. It is probably a native of Brazil, but is cultivated extensively in the warmer parts of every continent, and even as far north as New Jersey. The name <i>potato</i> was applied to this plant before it was to the <i>Solanum tuberosum</i>, and this is the "potato" of the Southern United States.</cd> — <col><b>Wild potato</b></col>. <i>(Bot.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>A vine (<i>Ipom&oelig;a pandurata</i>) having a pale purplish flower and an enormous root. It is common in sandy places in the United States.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>A similar tropical American plant (<i>I. fastigiata</i>) which it is thought may have been the original stock of the sweet potato.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Po*ta"tor</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L.] <def>A drinker.</def> [R.] <i>Southey.</i></p>

<p><hw>Po"ta*to*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>potatorius</i>, from <i>potare</i> to drink.] <def>Of or pertaining to drinking.</def> <i>Ld. Lytton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pot"-bel`lied</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having a protuberant belly, like the bottom of a pot.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pot"-bel`ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A protuberant belly.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pot"boil`er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A term applied derisively to any literary or artistic work, and esp. a painting, done simply for money and the means of living.</def> [Cant]</p>

<p><hw>Pot"boy`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A boy who carries pots of ale, beer, etc.; a menial in a public house.</def></p>

<p><hw>Potch</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [Cf. <u>Poach</u> to stab.] <def>To thrust; to push.</def> [Obs.] "I 'll <i>potch</i> at him some way." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Potch</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Poach</u>, to cook.</def> [Obs.] <i>Wiseman.</i></p>

<p><hw>Potch"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who, or that which, potches.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Potcher engine</b></col> <i>(Paper Making)</i>, <cd>a machine in which washed rags are stirred in a bleaching solution.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pot"e*ca*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>An apothecary.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Po*teen"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. Ir. <i>potaim</i>, <i>poitim</i>, I drink, <i>poitin</i> a small pot.] <def>Whisky; especially, whisky illicitly distilled by the Irish peasantry.</def> [Written also <i>potheen</i>, and <i>potteen</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Po"te*lot</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F.,; cf. G. <i>pottloth</i> black lead.] <i>(Old Chem. & Min.)</i> <def>Molybdenum sulphide.</def></p>

<p><hw>Po"tence</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., fr. LL. <i>potentia</i> staff, crutch, L., might, power. See <u>Potency</u>.] <def>Potency; capacity.</def> [R.] <i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i></p>

<p><! p. 1121 !></p>

<p><hw>Po"ten*cy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>potentia</i>, from <i>potens</i>, <i>-entis</i>, potent. See <u>Potent</u>, and cf. <u>Potance</u>, <u>Potence</u>, <u>Puissance</u>.] <def>The quality or state of being potent; physical or moral power; inherent strength; energy; ability to effect a purpose; capability; efficacy; influence.</def> "Drugs of <i>potency</i>." <i>Hawthorne.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>A place of <i>potency</i> and away o' the state.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Po"tent</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>potens</i>, <i>- entis</i>, p. pr. of <i>posse</i> to be able, to have power, fr. <i>potis</i> able, capable (akin to Skr. <i>pati</i> master, lord) + <i>esse</i> to be. See <u>Host</u> a landlord, <u>Am</u>, and cf. <u>Despot</u>, <u>Podesta</u>, <u>Possible</u>, <u>Power</u>, <u>Puissant</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Producing great physical effects; forcible; powerful' efficacious; as, a <i>potent</i> medicine.</def> "Harsh and <i>potent</i> injuries." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Moses once more his <i>potent</i> rod extends.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Having great authority, control, or dominion; puissant; mighty; influential; as, a <i>potent</i> prince.</def> "A <i>potent</i> dukedom." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Most <i>potent</i>, grave, and reverend signiors.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Powerful, in an intellectual or moral sense; having great influence; as, <i>potent</i> interest; a <i>potent</i> argument.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Cross potent</b></col>. <i>(Her.)</i> <cd>See <i>Illust.</i> (7) of <u>Cross</u>.</cd></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Powerful; mighty; puissant; strong; able; efficient; forcible; efficacious; cogent; influential.</p>

<p><hw>Po"tent</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A prince; a potentate.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> [See <u>Potence</u>.] <def>A staff or crutch.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Her.)</i> <def>One of the furs; a surface composed of patches which are supposed to represent crutch heads; they are always alternately argent and azure, unless otherwise specially mentioned.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Counter potent</b></col> <i>(Her.)</i>, <cd>a fur differing from potent in the arrangement of the patches.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Po"ten*ta*cy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Potentate</u>.] <def>Sovereignty.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Po"ten*tate</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [LL. <i>potentatus</i>, fr. <i>potentare</i> to exercise power: cf. F. <i>potentat</i>. See <u>Potent</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <def>One who is potent; one who possesses great power or sway; a prince, sovereign, or monarch.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The blessed and only <i>potentate</i>.</blockquote> <i>1 Tim. vi. 15.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Cherub and seraph, <i>potentates</i> and thrones.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Po*ten"tial</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>potentiel</i>. See <u>Potency</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Being potent; endowed with energy adequate to a result; efficacious; influential.</def> [Obs.] "And hath in his effect a voice <i>potential</i>." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Existing in possibility, not in actuality.</def> "A <i>potential</i> hero." <i>Carlyle.</i></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Potential</i> existence means merely that the thing may be at ome time; <i>actual</i> existence, that it now is.</blockquote> <i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Potential cautery</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Cautery</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Potential energy</b></col>. <i>(Mech.)</i> <cd>See the Note under <u>Energy</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Potential mood</b></col>, or <col><b>mode</b></col> <i>(Gram.)</i>, <cd>that form of the verb which is used to express possibility, liberty, power, will, obligation, or necessity, by the use of <i>may</i>, <i>can</i>, <i>must</i>, <i>might</i>, <i>could</i>, <i>would</i>, or <i>should</i>; as, I <i>may go</i>; he <i>can write</i>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Po*ten"tial</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Anything that may be possible; a possibility; potentially.</def> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Math.)</i> <def>In the theory of gravitation, or of other forces acting in space, a function of the rectangular coordinates which determine the position of a point, such that its differential coefficients with respect to the co&ouml;rdinates are equal to the components of the force at the point considered; — also called <i>potential function</i>, or <i>force function</i>. It is called also <i>Newtonian potential</i> when the force is directed to a fixed center and is inversely as the square of the distance from the center.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Elec.)</i> <def>The energy of an electrical charge measured by its power to do work; hence, the degree of electrification as referred to some standard, as that of the earth; electro-motive force.</def></p>

<p><hw>Po*ten`ti*al"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality or state of being potential; possibility, not actuality; inherent capability or disposition, not actually exhibited.</def></p>

<p><hw>Po*ten"tial*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>With power; potently.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>In a potential manner; possibly, not positively.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The duration of human souls is only <i>potentially</i> infinite.</blockquote> <i>Bentley.</i></p>

<p><hw>Po*ten"ti*ate</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Potentiated</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Potentiating</u>.] <def>To render active or potent.</def> <i>Coleridge.</i></p>

<p><hw>Po*ten`ti*om"e*ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Potential</i> + <i>-meter</i>.] <i>(Elec.)</i> <def>An instrument for measuring or comparing electrial potentials or electro-motive forces.</def></p>

<p><hw>Po"ten*tize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Potentized</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Potentizing</u>.] <def>To render the latent power of (anything) available.</def> <i>Dunglison.</i></p>

<p><hw>Po"tent*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>With great force or energy; powerfully; efficaciously.</def> "You are <i>potently</i> opposed." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Po"tent*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality or state of being potent; powerfulness; potency; efficacy.</def></p>

<p><hw>Po"tes*tate</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A chief ruler; a potentate. [Obs.] <i>Wyclif</i>.</def> "An irous <i>potestate</i>." <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Po*tes"ta*tive</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>potestativus</i>, fr. <i>potestas</i> power: cf. F. <i>potestatif</i>. See <u>Potent</u>.] <def>Authoritative.</def> [Obs.] <i>Bp. Pearson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pot"gun`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A pot-shaped cannon; a mortar.</def> [Obs.] "Twelve <i>potguns</i> of brass." <i>Hakluyt.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A popgun.</def> [Obs.] <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><hw>Poth"e*ca*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>An apothecary.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Po*theen"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Poteen</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Poth"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. D. <i>peuteren</i> to rummage, poke. Cf. <u>Potter</u>, <u>Pudder</u>.] <def>Bustle; confusion; tumult; flutter; bother.</def> [Written also <i>potter</i>, and <i>pudder</i>.] "What a <i>pother</i> and stir!" <i>Oldham.</i> "Coming on with a terrible <i>pother</i>." <i>Wordsworth.</i></p>

<p><hw>Poth"er</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To make a bustle or stir; to be fussy.</def></p>

<p><hw>Poth"er</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Pothered</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Pothering</u>.] <def>To harass and perplex; to worry.</def> "<i>Pothers</i> and wearies himself." <i>Locke.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pot"hole`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A circular hole formed in the rocky beds of rivers by the grinding action of stones or gravel whirled round by the water in what was at first a natural depression of the rock.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pot"hook`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>An <universbold>S</universbold>-shaped hook on which pots and kettles are hung over an open fire.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A written character curved like a pothook; (<i>pl.</i>) a scrawled writing.</def> "I long to be spelling her Arabic scrawls and <i>pothooks</i>." <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pot"house`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>An alehouse.</def> <i>T. Warton.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>||Po`ti*cho*ma"ni*a</hw> (?), <hw>||Po`ti*cho*ma"nie</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>potichomanie</i>; <i>potiche</i> a porcelain vase + <i>manie</i> mania.] <def>The art or process of coating the inside of glass vessels with engravings or paintings, so as to give them the appearance of painted ware.</def></p>

<p><hw>Po"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>potio</i>, from <i>potare</i> to drink: cf. F. <i>potion</i>. See <u>Poison</u>.] <def>A draught; a dose; usually, a draught or dose of a liquid medicine.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Po"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To drug.</def> [Obs.] <i>Speed.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pot"lid`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The lid or cover of a pot.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Potlid valve</b></col>, <cd>a valve covering a round hole or the end of a pipe or pump barrel, resembling a potlid in form.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pot"luck`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Whatever may chance to be in the pot, or may be provided for a meal.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A woman whose <i>potluck</i> was always to be relied on.</blockquote> <i>G. Eliot.</i></p>

<p><col><b>To take potluck</b></col>, <cd>to take what food may chance to be provided.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pot"man</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Potmen</b></plw> (&?;). <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A pot companion.</def> [Obs.] <i>Life of A. Wood (1663).</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A servant in a public house; a potboy.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Po*too"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A large South American goatsucker (<i>Nyctibius grandis</i>).</def></p>

<p><hw>||Po`to*roo"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any small kangaroo belonging to <i>Hypsiprymnus</i>, <i>Bettongia</i>, and allied genera, native of Australia and Tasmania. Called also <i>kangaroo rat</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pot"pie`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A meat pie which is boiled instead of being baked.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pot`pour`ri"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., fr. <i>pot</i> pot + <i>pourri</i>, p. p. of <i>pourrir</i> to rot, L. <i>putrere</i>. Cf. <u>Olla-podrida</u>.] <def>A medley or mixture.</def> Specifically: <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A ragout composed of different sorts of meats, vegetables, etc., cooked together.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A jar or packet of flower leaves, perfumes, and spices, used to scent a room.</def> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <def>A piece of music made up of different airs strung together; a medley.</def> <sd><i>(d)</i></sd> <def>A literary production composed of parts brought together without order or bond of connection.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pots"dam group`</hw> (&?;). <i>(Geol.)</i> <def>A subdivision of the Primordial or Cambrian period in American geology; — so named from the sandstone of <i>Potsdam</i>, New York. See <i>Chart</i> of <u>Geology</u>.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pot"shard`</hw> (?), <hw>Pot"share`</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A potsherd.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pot"sherd`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Pot</i> + <i>sherd</i> or <i>shard</i>.] <def>A piece or fragment of a broken pot.</def> <i>Job ii. 8.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pot"stone`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Min.)</i> <def>A variety of steatite sometimes manufactured into culinary vessels.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pot"-sure`</hw> (-sh&udd;r), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Made confident by drink.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Pott</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A size of paper. See under <u>Paper</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pot"tage</hw> (?; 48), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>potage</i>, fr. <i>pot</i> pot. See <u>Pot</u>, and cf. <u>Porridge</u>, <u>Porringer</u>.] <def>A kind of food made by boiling vegetables or meat, or both together, in water, until soft; a thick soup or porridge.</def> [Written also <i>potage</i>.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Then Jacob gave Esau bread and <i>pottage</i> of lentils.</blockquote> <i>Gen. xxv. 34.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pot"tain</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Old pot metal.</def> [Obs.] <i>Holland.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pot*teen"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Poteen</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pot"ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>potier</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One whose occupation is to make earthen vessels.</def> <i>Ps. ii. 9.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>potter</i> heard, and stopped his wheel.</blockquote> <i>Longfellow.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>One who hawks crockery or earthenware.</def> [Prov. Eng.] <i>De Quincey.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>One who pots meats or other eatables.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The red-bellied terrapin. See <u>Terrapin</u>.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Potter's asthma</b></col> <i>(Med.)</i>, <cd>emphysema of the lungs; — so called because very prevalent among potters.</cd> <i>Parkers.</i> — <col><b>Potter's clay</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Clay</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Potter's field</b></col>, <cd>a public burial place, especially in a city, for paupers, unknown persons, and criminals; — so named from the field south of Jerusalem, mentioned in <i>Matt. xxvii. 7.</i></cd> — <col><b>Potter's ore</b></col>. <cd>See <u>Alquifou</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Potter's wheel</b></col>, <cd>a horizontal revolving disk on which the clay is molded into form with the hands or tools.</cd> "My thoughts are whirled like a <i>potter's wheel</i>." <i>Shak.</i> — <col><b>Potter wasp</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a small solitary wasp (<i>Eumenes fraternal</i>) which constructs a globular nest of mud and sand in which it deposits insect larv&aelig;, such as cankerworms, as food for its young.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pot"ter</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Pottered</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Pottering</u>.] [Cf. W. <i>pwtio</i> to poke, or OD. <i>poteren</i> to search one thoroughly, Sw. <i>p&aring;ta</i>, <i>peta</i>, to pick, E. <i>pother</i>, <i>put</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To busy one's self with trifles; to labor with little purpose, energy, of effect; to trifle; to pother.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Pottering</i> about the Mile End cottages.</blockquote> <i>Mrs. Humphry Ward.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To walk lazily or idly; to saunter.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pot"ter</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To poke; to push; also, to disturb; to confuse; to bother.</def> [Prov. Eng.] <i>Halliwell.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pot"tern</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to potters.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Pottern ore</b></col>, <cd>a species of ore which, from its aptness to vitrify like the glazing of potter's wares, the miners call by this name.</cd> <i>Boyle.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pot"ter*y</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Potteries</b></plw> (#). [F. <i>poterie</i>, fr. <i>pot</i>. See <u>Pot</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The vessels or ware made by potters; earthenware, glazed and baked.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The place where earthen vessels are made.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pot"ting</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Tippling.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The act of placing in a pot; as, the <i>potting</i> of plants; the <i>potting</i> of meats for preservation.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>The process of putting sugar in casks for cleansing and draining.</def> [West Indies] <i>B. Edwards.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pot"tle</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>potel</i>, OF. <i>potel</i>, dim. of <i>pot</i>. See <u>Pot</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A liquid measure of four pints.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A pot or tankard.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>A dry <i>pottle</i> of sack before him.</blockquote> <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A vessel or small basket for holding fruit.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He had a . . . <i>pottle</i> of strawberries in one hand.</blockquote> <i>Dickens.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Pottle draught</b></col>, <cd>taking a pottle of liquor at one draught.</cd> [ Prov. Eng.] <i>Halliwell.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Pot"to</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A nocturnal mammal (<i>Perodictius potto</i>) of the Lemur family, found in West Africa. It has rudimentary forefingers. Called also <i>aposoro</i>, and <i>bush dog</i>.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The kinkajou.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pott's" dis*ease"</hw> (?). <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Caries of the vertebr&aelig;, frequently resulting in curvature of the spine and paralysis of the lower extremities; — so named from Percival <i>Pott</i>, an English surgeon.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Pott's fracture</b></col>, <cd>a fracture of the lower end of the fibula, with displacement of the tibia.</cd> <i>Dunglison.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pot"u*lent</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>potulentus</i>, fr. <i>potus</i> a drinking, drink, fr. <i>potare</i> to drink.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Fit to drink; potable.</def> [Obs.] <i>Johnson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Nearly drunk; tipsy.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Pot"-val`iant</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having the courage given by drink.</def> <i>Smollett.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pot"-wal`lop*er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A voter in certain boroughs of England, where, before the passage of the reform bill of 1832, the qualification for suffrage was to have boiled (walloped) his own pot in the parish for six months.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>One who cleans pots; a scullion.</def> [Slang, U. S.]</p>

<p><hw>Pouch</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>poche</i> a pocket, pouch, bag; probably of Teutonic origin. See <u>Poke</u> a bag, and cf. <u>Poach</u> to cook eggs, to plunder.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A small bag; usually, a leathern bag; as, a <i>pouch</i> for money; a shot <i>pouch</i>; a mail <i>pouch</i>, etc.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>That which is shaped like, or used as, a pouch</def>; as: <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A protuberant belly; a paunch; — so called in ridicule.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A sac or bag for carrying food or young; as, the cheek <i>pouches</i> of certain rodents, and the <i>pouch</i> of marsupials.</def> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>A cyst or sac containing fluid.</def> <i>S. Sharp.</i> <sd><i>(d)</i></sd> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A silicle, or short pod, as of the shepherd's purse.</def> <sd><i>(e)</i></sd> <def>A bulkhead in the hold of a vessel, to prevent grain, etc., from shifting.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Pouch mouth</b></col>, <cd>a mouth with blubbered or swollen lips.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pouch</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Pouched</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Pouching</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To put or take into a pouch.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To swallow; — said of fowls.</def> <i>Derham.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To pout.</def> [Obs.] <i>Ainsworth.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To pocket; to put up with.</def> [R.] <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pouched</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>Having a marsupial pouch; as, the <i>pouched</i> badger, or the wombat.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>Having external cheek pouches; as, the <i>pouched</i> gopher.</def> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <def>Having internal cheek pouches; as, the <i>pouched</i> squirrels.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Pouched dog</b></col>. <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <cd>See <i>Zebra wolf</i>, under <u>Zebra</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Pouched frog</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the nototrema, the female of which has a dorsal pouch in which the eggs are hatched, and in which the young pass through their brief tadpole stage.</cd> — <col><b>Pouched gopher</b></col>, or <col><b>Pouched rat</b></col>. <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <cd>See <i>Pocket gopher</i>, under <u>Pocket</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Pouched mouse</b></col>. <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <cd>See <i>Pocket mouse</i>, under <u>Pocket</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pou"chet box`</hw> (?). <def>See <u>Pouncet box</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pouch"-mouthed`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having a pouch mouth; blobber-lipped.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pou*chong"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A superior kind of souchong tea.</def> <i>De Colange.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pouch"-shell`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A small British and American pond snail (<i>Bulinus hypnorum</i>).</def></p>

<p><hw>Pou"dre</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Powder</u>.] <def>Dust; powder.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Poudre marchant</b></col> [see <u>Merchant</u>], <cd>a kind of flavoring powder used in the Middle Ages.</cd> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pou*drette"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., dim. of <i>poudre</i> dust, powder. See <u>Powder</u>.] <def>A manure made from night soil, dried and mixed with charcoal, gypsum, etc.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pou*laine"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. soulier &agrave; la <i>poulaine</i>.] <def>A long pointed shoe. See <u>Cracowes</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Poul"da`vis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Poledavy</u>.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Poul"der</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. & v.</i></pos> <def>Powder.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Poul"dron</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Pauldron</u>.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Poulp</hw>, <hw>Poulpe</hw> (?) }, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>poulpe</i>, fr. L. <i>polypus</i>. See <u>Polyp</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Octopus</u>.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Musk poulp</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a Mediterranean octopod (<i>Eledone moschata</i>) which emits a strong odor of musk.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Poult</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>pulte</i>, F. <i>poulet</i>, dim. of <i>poule</i> fowl. See <u>Pullet</u>.] <def>A young chicken, partridge, grouse, or the like.</def> <i>King. Chapman.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Starling the heath <i>poults</i> or black game.</blockquote> <i>R. Jefferise.</i></p>

<p><hw>Poul"ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>pulter</i>. See <i>Poult</i>.] <def>A poulterer.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Poul"ter*er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who deals in poultry.</def></p>

<p><hw>Poul"tice</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>puls</i>, pl. <i>pultes</i>, a thick pap; akin to Gr. <grk>po`ltos</grk>. Cf. <u>Pulse</u> seeds.] <def>A soft composition, as of bread, bran, or a mucilaginous substance, to be applied to sores, inflamed parts of the body, etc.; a cataplasm.</def> "<i>Poultice</i> relaxeth the pores." <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><hw>Poul"tice</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Poulticed</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Poulticing</u> (?).] <def>To apply a poultice to; to dress with a poultice.</def></p>

<p><hw>Poul"tive</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A poultice.</def> [Obs.] <i>W. Temple.</i></p>

<p><hw>Poul"try</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From <u>Poult</u>.] <def>Domestic fowls reared for the table, or for their eggs or feathers, such as cocks and hens, capons, turkeys, ducks, and geese.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pounce</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>ponce</i> pumice, pounce, fr. L. <i>pumex</i>, <i>-icis</i>, pumice. See <u>Pumice</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A fine powder, as of sandarac, or cuttlefish bone, — formerly used to prevent ink from spreading on manuscript.</def></p>

<p><! p. 1122 !></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Charcoal dust, or some other colored powder for making patterns through perforated designs, — used by embroiderers, lace makers, etc.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Pounce box</b></col>, <cd>a box for sprinkling pounce.</cd> — <col><b>Pounce paper</b></col>, <cd>a transparent paper for tracing.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pounce</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Pounded</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Pouncing</u> (?).] <def>To sprinkle or rub with pounce; as, to <i>pounce</i> paper, or a pattern.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pounce</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Prob. through French, from an assumed LL. <i>punctiare</i> to prick, L. <i>pungere</i>, <i>punctum</i>. See <u>Puncheon</u>, <u>Punch</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The claw or talon of a bird of prey.</def> <i>Spenser. Burke.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A punch or stamp.</def> [Obs.] "A <i>pounce</i> to print money with." <i>Withals.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Cloth worked in eyelet holes.</def> [Obs.] <i>Homilies.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pounce</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To strike or seize with the talons; to pierce, as with the talons.</def> [Archaic]</p>

<p><blockquote>Stooped from his highest pitch to <i>pounce</i> a wren.</blockquote> <i>Cowper.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Now <i>pounce</i> him lightly,<BR> And as he roars and rages, let's go deeper.</blockquote> <i>J. Fletcher.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To punch; to perforate; to stamp holes in, or dots on, by way of ornament.</def> [Obs.] <i>Sir T. Elyot.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pounce</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To fall suddenly and seize with the claws; — with <i>on</i> or <i>upon</i>; as, a hawk <i>pounces</i> upon a chicken. Also used figuratively.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Derision is never so agonizing as when it <i>pounces</i> on the wanderings of misguided sensibility.</blockquote> <i>Jeffrey.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pounced</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Furnished with claws or talons; as, the <i>pounced</i> young of the eagle.</def> <i>Thomson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Ornamented with perforations or dots.</def> [Obs.] "Gilt bowls <i>pounced</i> and pierced." <i>Holinshed.</i></p>

<p><hw>Poun"cet box`</hw> (?). [Cf. F. <i>poncette</i>, fr. <i>ponce</i> pounce. See <u>Pounce</u> a powder.] <def>A box with a perforated lid, for sprinkling pounce, or for holding perfumes.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Poun"cing</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The art or practice of transferring a design by means of pounce.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Decorative perforation of cloth.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Pound</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Pounded</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Pounding</u>.] [OE. <i>pounen</i>, AS. <i>punian</i> to bruise. Cf. <u>Pun</u> a play on words.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To strike repeatedly with some heavy instrument; to beat.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>With cruel blows she <i>pounds</i> her blubbered cheeks.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To comminute and pulverize by beating; to bruise or break into fine particles with a pestle or other heavy instrument; as, to <i>pound</i> spice or salt.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pound</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To strike heavy blows; to beat.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Mach.)</i> <def>To make a jarring noise, as in running; as, the engine <i>pounds</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pound</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>pund</i> an inclosure: cf. <i>forpyndan</i> to turn away, or to repress, also Icel. <i>pynda</i> to extort, torment, Ir. <i>pont</i>, pond, pound. Cf. <u>Pinder</u>, <u>Pinfold</u>, <u>Pin</u> to inclose, <u>Pond</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>An inclosure, maintained by public authority, in which cattle or other animals are confined when taken in trespassing, or when going at large in violation of law; a pinfold.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A level stretch in a canal between locks.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Fishing)</i> <def>A kind of net, having a large inclosure with a narrow entrance into which fish are directed by wings spreading outward.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Pound covert</b></col>, <cd>a pound that is close or covered over, as a shed.</cd> — <col><b>Pound overt</b></col>, <cd>a pound that is open overhead.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pound</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To confine in, or as in, a pound; to impound.</def> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pound</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Pounds</b></plw> (#), collectively <plw><b>Pound</b></plw> or <plw><b>Pounds</b></plw>. [AS. <i>pund</i>, fr. L. <i>pondo</i>, akin to <i>pondus</i> a weight, <i>pendere</i> to weigh. See <u>Pendant</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A certain specified weight; especially, a legal standard consisting of an established number of ounces.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The pound in general use in the United States and in England is the <i>pound avoirdupois</i>, which is divided into sixteen ounces, and contains 7,000 grains. The <i>pound troy</i> is divided into twelve ounces, and contains 5,760 grains. 144 pounds avoirdupois are equal to 175 pounds troy weight. See <u>Avoirdupois</u>, and <u>Troy</u>.</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A British denomination of money of account, equivalent to twenty shillings sterling, and equal in value to about $4.86. There is no coin known by this name, but the gold sovereign is of the same value.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The <i>pound</i> sterling was in Saxon times, about <u>a. d.</u> 671, a <i>pound</i> troy of silver, and a shilling was its twentieth part; consequently the latter was three times as large as it is at present. <i>Peacham.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pound"age</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A sum deducted from a pound, or a certain sum paid for each pound; a commission.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A subsidy of twelve pence in the pound, formerly granted to the crown on all goods exported or imported, and if by aliens, more.</def> [Eng.] <i>Blackstone.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Law)</i> <def>The sum allowed to a sheriff or other officer upon the amount realized by an execution; — estimated in England, and formerly in the United States, at so much of the pound.</def> <i>Burrill. Bouvier.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pound"age</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To collect, as poundage; to assess, or rate, by poundage.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Pound"age</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See 3d <u>Pound</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Confinement of cattle, or other animals, in a public pound.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A charge paid for the release of impounded cattle.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pound"al</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From 5th <u>Pound</u>.] <i>(Physics & Mech.)</i> <def>A unit of force based upon the pound, foot, and second, being the force which, acting on a pound avoirdupois for one second, causes it to acquire by the of that time a velocity of one foot per second. It is about equal to the weight of half an ounce, and is 13,825 dynes.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pound"-breach`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The breaking of a public pound for releasing impounded animals.</def> <i>Blackstone.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pound"cake`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A kind of rich, sweet cake; — so called from the ingredients being used by pounds, or in equal quantities.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pound"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who, or that which, pounds, as a stamp in an ore mill.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>An instrument used for pounding; a pestle.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A person or thing, so called with reference to a certain number of pounds in value, weight, capacity, etc.; as, a cannon carrying a twelve-pound ball is called a twelve <i>pounder</i>.</def></p>

<p>&fist; Before the English reform act of 1867, one who was an elector by virtue of paying ten pounds rent was called a ten <i>pounder</i>.</p>

<p><hw>Pound"ing</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of beating, bruising, or breaking up; a beating.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A pounded or pulverized substance.</def> [R.] "Covered with the <i>poundings</i> of these rocks." <i>J. S. Blackie.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pound"keep`er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The keeper of a pound.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pound"*rate`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A rate or proportion estimated at a certain amount for each pound; poundage.</def></p>

<p><hw>Poup</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Powp</u>.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pou*part's" lig"a*ment</hw> (?). <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>A ligament, of fascia, extending, in most mammals, from the ventral side of the ilium to near the symphysis of the pubic bones.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pou"pe*ton</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Puppet</u>.] <def>A puppet, or little baby.</def> [Obs.] <i>Palsgrave.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pour</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Poor.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pour</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To pore.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pour</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Poured</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Pouring</u>.] [OE. <i>pouren</i>, of uncertain origin; cf. W. <i>bwrw</i> to cast, throw, shed, <i>bwrw gwlaw</i> to rain.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To cause to flow in a stream, as a liquid or anything flowing like a liquid, either out of a vessel or into it; as, to <i>pour</i> water from a pail; to <i>pour</i> wine into a decanter; to <i>pour</i> oil upon the waters; to <i>pour</i> out sand or dust.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To send forth as in a stream or a flood; to emit; to let escape freely or wholly.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I . . . have <i>poured</i> out my soul before the Lord.</blockquote> <i>1 Sam. i. 15.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Now will I shortly <i>pour</i> out my fury upon thee.</blockquote> <i>Ezek. vii. 8.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>London doth <i>pour</i> out her citizens !</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Wherefore did Nature <i>pour</i> her bounties forth<BR> With such a full and unwithdrawing hand ?</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To send forth from, as in a stream; to discharge uninterruptedly.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Is it for thee the linnet <i>pours</i> his throat ?</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pour</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To flow, pass, or issue in a stream, or as a stream; to fall continuously and abundantly; as, the rain <i>pours</i>; the people <i>poured</i> out of the theater.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>In the rude throng <i>pour</i> on with furious pace.</blockquote> <i>Gay.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pour</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A stream, or something like a stream; a flood.</def> [Colloq.] "A <i>pour</i> of rain." <i>Miss Ferrier.</i></p>

<p><hw>Poure"liche`</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>Poorly.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pour"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who pours.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pour"lieu</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Purlieu</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pour`par`ler"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F.] <i>(Diplomacy)</i> <def>A consultation preliminary to a treaty.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pour`par"ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Pourparties</b></plw> (#). [See <u>Purparty</u>.] <i>(Law)</i> <def>A division; a divided share.</def></p>

<p><col><b>To make pourparty</b></col>, <cd>to divide and apportion lands previously held in common.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pour"point</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F.] <def>A quilted military doublet or gambeson worn in the 14th and 15th centuries; also, a name for the doublet of the 16th and 17th centuries worn by civilians.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pour*pres"ture</hw> (?; 135), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Law)</i> <def>See <u>Purpresture</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pour"sui*vant</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Pursuivant</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pour*tray"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Portray</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pour*vey"ance</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Purveyance</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pousse</hw> (p&oomac;s), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Pulse; pease.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pous*sette"</hw> (p&oomac;*s&ebreve;t"), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., pushpin, fr. <i>pousser</i> to push. See <u>Push</u>.] <def>A movement, or part of a figure, in the contradance.</def> <i>Dickens.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pous*sette"</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To perform a certain movement in a dance.</def> [R.] <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Down the middle, up again, <i>poussette</i>, and cross.</blockquote> <i>J. & H. Smith.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pout</hw> (p&oomac;t), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>poulet</i>. See <u>Poult</u>.] <def>The young of some birds, as grouse; a young fowl.</def> <i>Carew.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pout</hw> (p&oomac;t), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To shoot pouts.</def> [Scot.]</p>

<p><hw>Pout</hw> (pout), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Pouted</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Pouting</u>.] [OE. <i>pouten</i>, of uncertain origin; cf. Prov. <i>pot</i> lip, Prov. F. <i>potte</i>, faire la <i>potte</i> to pout, W. <i>pwdu</i> to pout, be sullen, <i>poten</i>, <i>potten</i>, a paunch, belly.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To thrust out the lips, as in sullenness or displeasure; hence, to look sullen.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Thou <i>poutest</i> upon thy fortune and thy love.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To protrude.</def> "<i>Pouting</i> lips." <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pout</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A sullen protrusion of the lips; a fit of sullenness.</def> "Jack's in the <i>pouts</i>." <i>J. & H. Smith.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pout</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. <u>Eelpout</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The European whiting pout or bib.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Eel pout</b></col>. <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <cd>See <u>Eelpout</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Horn pout</b></col>, or <col><b>Horned pout</b></col>. <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <cd>See <u>Bullhead</u> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pout"er</hw> (-&etilde;r), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who, or that which, pouts.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> [Cf. E. <i>pout</i>, and G. <i>puter</i> turkey.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A variety of the domestic pigeon remarkable for the extent to which it is able to dilate its throat and breast.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pout"ing</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Childish sullenness.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pout"ing*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a pouting, or a sullen, manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pov"ert</hw> (p&obreve;v"&etilde;rt), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Poverty.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pov"er*ty</hw> (p&obreve;v"&etilde;r*t&ybreve;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>poverte</i>, OF. <i>povert&eacute;</i>, F. <i>pauvret&eacute;</i>, fr. L. <i>paupertas</i>, fr. <i>pauper</i> poor. See <u>Poor</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The quality or state of being poor or indigent; want or scarcity of means of subsistence; indigence; need.</def> "Swathed in numblest <i>poverty</i>." <i>Keble.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The drunkard and the glutton shall come to <i>poverty</i>.</blockquote> <i>Prov. xxiii. 21.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Any deficiency of elements or resources that are needed or desired, or that constitute richness; as, <i>poverty</i> of soil; <i>poverty</i> of the blood; <i>poverty</i> of ideas.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Poverty grass</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>a name given to several slender grasses (as <i>Aristida dichotoma</i>, and <i>Danthonia spicata</i>) which often spring up on old and worn-out fields.</cd></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Indigence; penury; beggary; need; lack; want; scantiness; sparingness; meagerness; jejuneness. <u>Poverty</u>, <u>Indigence</u>, <u>Pauperism</u>. <i>Poverty</i> is a relative term; what is <i>poverty</i> to a monarch, would be competence for a day laborer. <i>Indigence</i> implies extreme distress, and almost absolute destitution. <i>Pauperism</i> denotes entire dependence upon public charity, and, therefore, often a hopeless and degraded state.</p>

<p>{ <hw>Pow"an</hw> (?), <hw>Pow"en</hw> (?) }, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A small British lake whitefish (<i>Coregonus clupeoides</i>, or <i>C. ferus</i>); — called also <i>gwyniad</i> and <i>lake herring</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pow"der</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>poudre</i>, <i>pouldre</i>, F. <i>poudre</i>, OF. also <i>poldre</i>, <i>puldre</i>, L. <i>pulvis</i>, <i>pulveris</i>: cf. <i>pollen</i> fine flour, mill dust, E. <i>pollen</i>. Cf. <u>Polverine</u>, <u>Pulverize</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The fine particles to which any dry substance is reduced by pounding, grinding, or triturating, or into which it falls by decay; dust.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Grind their bones to <i>powder</i> small.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>An explosive mixture used in gunnery, blasting, etc.; gunpowder. See <u>Gunpowder</u>.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Atlas powder</b></col>, <col><b>Baking powder</b></col>, <cd>etc. See under <u>Atlas</u>, <u>Baking</u>, etc.</cd> — <col><b>Powder down</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the peculiar dust, or exfoliation, of powder-down feathers.</cd> — <col><b>Powder- down feather</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>one of a peculiar kind of modified feathers which sometimes form patches on certain parts of some birds. They have a greasy texture and a scaly exfoliation.</cd> - - <col><b>Powder-down patch</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a tuft or patch of powder-down feathers.</cd> — <col><b>Powder hose</b></col>, <cd>a tube of strong linen, about an inch in diameter, filled with powder and used in firing mines.</cd> <i>Farrow.</i> — <col><b>Powder hoy</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>a vessel specially fitted to carry powder for the supply of war ships. They are usually painted red and carry a red flag.</cd> — <col><b>Powder magazine</b></col>, or <col><b>Powder room</b></col>. <cd>See <u>Magazine</u>, 2.</cd> — <col><b>Powder mine</b></col>, <cd>a mine exploded by gunpowder. See <u>Mine</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Powder monkey</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>a boy formerly employed on war vessels to carry powder; a powder boy.</cd> — <col><b>Powder post</b></col>. <cd>See <i>Dry rot</i>, under <u>Dry</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Powder puff</b></col>. <cd>See <u>Puff</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></cd></p>

<p><hw>Pow"der</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Powdered</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Powdering</u>.] [F. <i>poudrer</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To reduce to fine particles; to pound, grind, or rub into a powder; to comminute; to pulverize; to triturate.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To sprinkle with powder, or as with powder; to be sprinkle; as, to <i>powder</i> the hair.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A circling zone thou seest<BR> <i>Powdered</i> with stars.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To sprinkle with salt; to corn, as meat.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Pow"der</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To be reduced to powder; to become like powder; as, some salts <i>powder</i> easily.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To use powder on the hair or skin; as, she paints and <i>powders</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pow"dered</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Reduced to a powder; sprinkled with, or as with, powder.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Sprinkled with salt; salted; corned.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote><i>Powdered</i> beef, pickled meats.</blockquote> <i>Harvey.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Her.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Sem&eacute;</u>.</def> <i>Walpole.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pow"der*flask`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A flask in which gunpowder is carried, having a charging tube at the end.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pow"der*horn`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A horn in which gunpowder is carried.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pow"der*ing</hw>, <def><pos><i>a. & n.</i></pos> from <u>Powder</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos></def></p>

<p><col><b>Powdering tub</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>A tub or vessel in which meat is corned or salted</cd>. <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>A heated tub in which an infected lecher was placed for cure.</cd> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pow"der*mill`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A mill in which gunpowder is made.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pow"der-post`ed</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Affected with dry rot; reduced to dust by rot. See <i>Dry rot</i>, under <u>Dry</u>.</def> [U.S.]</p>

<p><hw>Pow"der*y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Easily crumbling to pieces; friable; loose; as, a <i>powdery</i> spar.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Sprinkled or covered with powder; dusty; as, the <i>powdery</i> bloom on plums.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Resembling powder; consisting of powder.</def> "The <i>powdery</i> snow." <i>Wordsworth.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pow"dike</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Scot. <i>pow</i>, <i>pou</i>, a pool, a watery or marshy place, fr. E. <i>pool</i>.] <def>A dike a marsh or fen.</def> [Prov. Eng.] <i>Halliwell.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pow"dry</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Powdery</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pow"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Poor</u>, the fish.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pow"er</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>pouer</i>, <i>poer</i>, OF. <i>poeir</i>, <i>pooir</i>, F. <i>pouvoir</i>, n. & v., fr. LL. <i>potere</i>, for L. <i>posse</i>, <i>potesse</i>, to be able, to have power. See <u>Possible</u>, <u>Potent</u>, and cf. <u>Posse comitatus</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Ability to act, regarded as latent or inherent; the faculty of doing or performing something; capacity for action or performance; capability of producing an effect, whether physical or moral: potency; might; as, a man of great <i>power</i>; the <i>power</i> of capillary attraction; money gives <i>power</i>.</def> "One next himself in <i>power</i>, and next in crime." <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Ability, regarded as put forth or exerted; strength, force, or energy in action; as, the <i>power</i> of steam in moving an engine; the <i>power</i> of truth, or of argument, in producing conviction; the <i>power</i> of enthusiasm.</def> "The <i>power</i> of fancy." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Capacity of undergoing or suffering; fitness to be acted upon; susceptibility; — called also <i>passive power</i>; as, great <i>power</i> of endurance.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Power</i>, then, is active and passive; faculty is active <i>power</i> or capacity; capacity is passive <i>power</i>.</blockquote> <i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>The exercise of a faculty; the employment of strength; the exercise of any kind of control; influence; dominion; sway; command; government.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Power</i> is no blessing in itself but when it is employed to protect the innocent.</blockquote> <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>The agent exercising an ability to act; an individual invested with authority; an institution, or government, which exercises control; as, the great <i>powers</i> of Europe; hence, often, a superhuman agent; a spirit; a divinity.</def> "The <i>powers</i> of darkness." <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>And the <i>powers</i> of the heavens shall be shaken.</blockquote> <i>Matt. xxiv. 29.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>A military or naval force; an army or navy; a great host.</def> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Never such a <i>power</i> . . . <BR> Was levied in the body of a land.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><! p. 1123 !></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <def>A large quantity; a great number; as, a <i>power</i> o&?; good things.</def> [Colloq.] <i>Richardson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>8.</b></sn> <i>(Mech.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The rate at which mechanical energy is exerted or mechanical work performed, as by an engine or other machine, or an animal, working continuously; as, an engine of twenty horse <i>power</i>.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The English unit of power used most commonly is the <i>horse power</i>. See <u>Horse power</u>.</p>

<p><sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A mechanical agent; that from which useful mechanical energy is derived; as, water <i>power</i>; steam <i>power</i>; hand <i>power</i>, etc.</def> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <def>Applied force; force producing motion or pressure; as, the <i>power</i> applied at one and of a lever to lift a weight at the other end.</def></p>

<p>&fist; This use in mechanics, of <i>power</i> as a synonym for <i>force</i>, is improper and is becoming obsolete.</p>

<p><sd><i>(d)</i></sd> <def>A machine acted upon by an animal, and serving as a motor to drive other machinery; as, a dog <i>power</i>.</def></p>

<p>&fist; <i>Power</i> is used adjectively, denoting, driven, or adapted to be driven, by machinery, and not actuated directly by the hand or foot; as, a <i>power</i> lathe; a <i>power</i> loom; a <i>power</i> press.</p>

<p><sn><b>9.</b></sn> <i>(Math.)</i> <def>The product arising from the multiplication of a number into itself; as, a square is the second <i>power</i>, and a cube is third <i>power</i>, of a number.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>10.</b></sn> <i>(Metaph.)</i> <def>Mental or moral ability to act; one of the faculties which are possessed by the mind or soul; as, the <i>power</i> of thinking, reasoning, judging, willing, fearing, hoping, etc.</def> <i>I. Watts.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The guiltiness of my mind, the sudden surprise of my <i>powers</i>, drove the grossness . . . into a received belief.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>11.</b></sn> <i>(Optics)</i> <def>The degree to which a lens, mirror, or any optical instrument, magnifies; in the telescope, and usually in the microscope, the number of times it multiplies, or augments, the apparent diameter of an object; sometimes, in microscopes, the number of times it multiplies the apparent surface.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>12.</b></sn> <i>(Law)</i> <def>An authority enabling a person to dispose of an interest vested either in himself or in another person; ownership by appointment.</def> <i>Wharton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>13.</b></sn> <def>Hence, vested authority to act in a given case; as, the business was referred to a committee with <i>power</i>.</def></p>

<p>&fist; <i>Power</i> may be predicated of inanimate agents, like the winds and waves, electricity and magnetism, gravitation, etc., or of animal and intelligent beings; and when predicated of these beings, it may indicate physical, mental, or moral ability or capacity.</p>

<p><col><b>Mechanical powers</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Mechanical</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Power loom</b></col>, or <col><b>Power press</b></col>. <cd>See Def. 8 <sd><i>(d)</i></sd>, note.</cd> — <col><b>Power of attorney</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Attorney</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Power of a point</b></col> (relative to a given curve) <i>(Geom.)</i>, <cd>the result of substituting the co&ouml;rdinates of any point in that expression which being put equal to zero forms the equation of the curve; as, <i>x<sup>2</sup> + y<sup>2</sup> - 100</i> is the <i>power of the point</i> <i>x, y</i>, relative to the circle <i>x<sup>2</sup> + y<sup>2</sup> - 100 = 0</i>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pow"er*a*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Capable of being effected or accomplished by the application of power; possible.</def> [R.] <i>J. Young.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Capable of exerting power; powerful.</def> <i>Camden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pow"er*ful</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Full of power; capable of producing great effects of any kind; potent; mighty; efficacious; intense; as, a <i>powerful</i> man or beast; a <i>powerful</i> engine; a <i>powerful</i> argument; a <i>powerful</i> light; a <i>powerful</i> vessel.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>powerful</i> grace that lies<BR> In herbs, plants, stones, and their true qualities.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Mining)</i> <def>Large; capacious; — said of veins of ore.</def></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Mighty; strong; potent; forcible; efficacious; energetic; intense.</p>

<p>— <wf>Pow"er*ful*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Pow"er*ful*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Pow"er*less</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Destitute of power, force, or energy; weak; impotent; not able to produce any effect.</def> — <wf>Pow"er*less*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Pow"er*less*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Powl"dron</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>espauleron</i>, from <i>espaule</i> shoulder, F. <i>&eacute;paule</i>.] <def>Same as <u>Pauldron</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Powp</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Poop</u>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos></def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pow"ter</hw> (pou"t&etilde;r), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>See <u>Pouter</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pow"wow`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A priest, or conjurer, among the North American Indians.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Be it sagamore, sachem, or <i>powwow</i>.</blockquote> <i>Longfellow.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Conjuration attended with great noise and confusion, and often with feasting, dancing, etc., performed by Indians for the cure of diseases, to procure success in hunting or in war, and for other purposes.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Hence: Any assembly characterized by noise and confusion; a noisy frolic or gathering.</def> [Colloq. U. S.]</p>

<p><hw>Pow"wow`</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To use conjuration, with noise and confusion, for the cure of disease, etc., as among the North American Indians.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Hence: To hold a noisy, disorderly meeting.</def> [Colloq. U. S.]</p>

<p><hw>Pox</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [For <i>pocks</i>, OE. <i>pokkes</i>. See <u>Pock</u>. It is plural in form but is used as a singular.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Strictly, a disease by pustules or eruptions of any kind, but chiefly or wholly restricted to three or four diseases, — the smallpox, the chicken pox, and the vaccine and the venereal diseases.</def></p>

<p>&fist; <i>Pox</i>, when used without an epithet, as in imprecations, formerly signified <i>smallpox</i>; but it now signifies <i>syphilis</i>.</p>

<p><hw>Pox</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Poxed</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Poxing</u>.] <def>To infect with the pox, or syphilis.</def></p>

<p><hw>Poy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>apui</i>, <i>apoi</i>, a support, prop., staff, F. <i>appui</i>, fr. OF. <i>apuier</i>, <i>apoier</i>, to support, F. <i>appuyer</i>, fr. <i>&agrave;</i> to (L. <i>ad</i>) + OF. <i>pui</i>, <i>poi</i>, a rising ground, hill, L. <i>podium</i>. See <u>Podium</u>, <u>Pew</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A support; — used in composition; as, tea<i>poy</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A ropedancer's balancing pole.</def> <i>Johnson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A long boat hook by which barges are propelled against the stream.</def> [Prov. Eng.] <i>Halliwell.</i></p>

<p><hw>Poy*na"do</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A poniard.</def> [Obs.] <i>Lyly.</i></p>

<p><hw>Poynd</hw> (?), <pos><i>v.</i></pos>, <hw>Poynd"er</hw> (&?;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Poind</u>, <u>Poinder</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Poy nette"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. <u>Point</u>.] <def>A bodkin.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Poyn"tel</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Pointal</u>.] <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>Paving or flooring made of small squares or lozenges set diagonally.</def> [Formerly written <i>pointal</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Poy"ou</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A South American armadillo (<i>Dasypus sexcinctus</i>). Called also <i>sixbanded armadillo</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Poze</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>See 5th <u>Pose</u>.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Poz`zu*o*la"na</hw> (?), <hw>Poz`zo*la"*na</hw> (?) }, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [It.] <def>Volcanic ashes from Pozzuoli, in Italy, used in the manufacture of a kind of mortar which hardens under water.</def></p>

<p><hw>Praam</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [D. <i>praam</i>; cf. G. <i>prahm</i>, F. <i>prame</i>; all of Slavonic origin, from a word akin to E. <i>fare</i>. See <u>Fare</u>.] <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>A flat- bottomed boat or lighter, — used in Holland and the Baltic, and sometimes armed in case of war.</def> [Written also <i>pram</i>, and <i>prame</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Prac"tic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See <u>Practical</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Practical.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Artful; deceitful; skillful.</def> [Obs.] "Cunning sleights and <i>practick</i> knavery." <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prac"ti*ca*bil"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality or state of being practicable; practicableness; feasibility.</def> "The <i>practicability</i> of such a project." <i>Stewart.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prac"ti*ca*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [LL. <i>practicare</i> to act, transact, fr. L. <i>practicus</i> active, Gr. &?;: cf. F. <i>practicable</i>, <i>pratiquer</i> to practice. See <u>Practical</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>That may be practiced or performed; capable of being done or accomplished with available means or resources; feasible; as, a <i>practicable</i> method; a <i>practicable</i> aim; a <i>practicable</i> good.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Capable of being used; passable; as, a <i>practicable</i> weapon; a <i>practicable</i> road.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Practicable breach</b></col> <i>(Mil.)</i>, <cd>a breach which admits of approach and entrance by an assailing party.</cd></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Possible; feasible. — <u>Practicable</u>, <u>Possible</u>. A thing may be <i>possible</i>, i. e., not forbidden by any law of nature, and yet may not now be <i>practicable</i> for want of the means requisite to its performance.</p>

<p>— <wf>Prac"ti*ca*ble*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> — <wf>Prac"ti*ca*bly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Prac"ti*cal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>practicus</i> active, Gr. &?; fit for doing or performing, practical, active, fr. &?; to do, work, effect: cf. F. <i>pratique</i>, formerly also <i>practique</i>. Cf. <u>Pragmatic</u>, <u>Practice</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Of or pertaining to practice or action.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Capable of being turned to use or account; useful, in distinction from <i>ideal</i> or <i>theoretical</i>; as, <i>practical</i> chemistry.</def> "Man's <i>practical</i> understanding." <i>South.</i> "For all <i>practical</i> purposes." <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Evincing practice or skill; capable of applying knowledge to some useful end; as, a <i>practical</i> man; a <i>practical</i> mind.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Derived from practice; as, <i>practical</i> skill.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Practical joke</b></col>, <cd>a joke put in practice; a joke the fun of which consists in something done, in distinction from something said; esp., a trick played upon a person.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Prac`ti*cal"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality or state of being practical; practicalness.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prac"ti*cal*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>In a practical way; not theoretically; really; as, to look at things <i>practically</i>; <i>practically</i> worthless.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>By means of practice or use; by experience or experiment; as, <i>practically</i> wise or skillful; <i>practically</i> acquainted with a subject.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>In practice or use; as, a medicine <i>practically</i> safe; theoretically wrong, but <i>practically</i> right.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prac"ti*cal*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Practicality</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prac"ti*cal*ize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To render practical.</def> [R.] "<i>Practicalizing</i> influences." <i>J. S. Mill.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prac"tice</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>praktike</i>, <i>practique</i>, F. <i>pratique</i>, formerly also, <i>practique</i>, LL. <i>practica</i>, fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; practical. See <u>Practical</u>, and cf. <u>Pratique</u>, <u>Pretty</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Frequently repeated or customary action; habitual performance; a succession of acts of a similar kind; usage; habit; custom; as, the <i>practice</i> of rising early; the <i>practice</i> of making regular entries of accounts; the <i>practice</i> of daily exercise.</def> </p>

<p><blockquote>A heart . . . exercised with covetous <i>practices</i>.</blockquote> <i>2 Pet. ii. 14.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Customary or constant use; state of being used.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Obsolete words may be revived when they are more sounding or more significant than those in <i>practice</i>.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Skill or dexterity acquired by use; expertness.</def> [R.] "His nice fence and his active <i>practice</i>." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Actual performance; application of knowledge; — opposed to <i>theory</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>There are two functions of the soul, — contemplation and <i>practice</i>.</blockquote> <i>South.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>There is a distinction, but no opposition, between theory and <i>practice</i>; each, to a certain extent, supposes the other; theory is dependent on <i>practice</i>; <i>practice</i> must have preceded theory.</blockquote> <i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>Systematic exercise for instruction or discipline; as, the troops are called out for <i>practice</i>; she neglected <i>practice</i> in music.</def> </p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>Application of science to the wants of men; the exercise of any profession; professional business; as, the <i>practice</i> of medicine or law; a large or lucrative <i>practice</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Practice</i> is exercise of an art, or the application of a science in life, which application is itself an art.</blockquote> <i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <def>Skillful or artful management; dexterity in contrivance or the use of means; art; stratagem; artifice; plot; — usually in a bad sense.</def> [Obs.] <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>He sought to have that by <i>practice</i> which he could not by prayer.</blockquote> <i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>8.</b></sn> <i>(Math.)</i> <def>A easy and concise method of applying the rules of arithmetic to questions which occur in trade and business.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>9.</b></sn> <i>(Law)</i> <def>The form, manner, and order of conducting and carrying on suits and prosecutions through their various stages, according to the principles of law and the rules laid down by the courts.</def> <i>Bouvier.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Custom; usage; habit; manner.</p>

<p><hw>Prac"tice</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Practiced</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Practicing</u> (?).] [Often written <i>practise</i>, <i>practised</i>, <i>practising</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To do or perform frequently, customarily, or habitually; to make a practice of; as, to <i>practice</i> gaming.</def> "Incline not my heart . . . <i>practice</i> wicked works." <i>Ps. cxli. 4.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To exercise, or follow, as a profession, trade, art, etc., as, to <i>practice</i> law or medicine.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To exercise one's self in, for instruction or improvement, or to acquire discipline or dexterity; as, to <i>practice</i> gunnery; to <i>practice</i> music.</def> </p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To put into practice; to carry out; to act upon; to commit; to execute; to do.</def> "Aught but Talbot's shadow whereon to <i>practice</i> your severity." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>As this advice ye <i>practice</i> or neglect.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>To make use of; to employ.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>In malice to this good knight's wife, I <i>practiced</i> Ubaldo and Ricardo to corrupt her.</blockquote> <i>Massinger.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>To teach or accustom by practice; to train.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>In church they are taught to love God; after church they are <i>practiced</i> to love their neighbor.</blockquote> <i>Landor.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prac"tice</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [Often written <i>practise</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To perform certain acts frequently or customarily, either for instruction, profit, or amusement; as, to <i>practice</i> with the broadsword or with the rifle; to <i>practice</i> on the piano.</def> </p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To learn by practice; to form a habit.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>They shall <i>practice</i> how to live secure.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Practice</i> first over yourself to reign.</blockquote> <i>Waller.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To try artifices or stratagems.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He will <i>practice</i> against thee by poison.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To apply theoretical science or knowledge, esp. by way of experiment; to exercise or pursue an employment or profession, esp. that of medicine or of law.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>[I am] little inclined to <i>practice</i> on others, and as little that others should <i>practice</i> on me.</blockquote> <i>Sir W. Temple.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prac"ticed</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Often written <i>practised</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Experienced; expert; skilled; as, a <i>practiced</i> marksman.</def> "A <i>practiced</i> picklock." <i>Ld. Lytton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Used habitually; learned by practice.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prac"ti*cer</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Often written <i>practiser</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who practices, or puts in practice; one who customarily performs certain acts.</def> <i>South.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>One who exercises a profession; a practitioner.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>One who uses art or stratagem.</def> [Obs.] <i>B. Jonson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prac*ti"cian</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>praticien</i>, OF. also <i>practicien</i>.] <def>One who is acquainted with, or skilled in, anything by practice; a practitioner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prac"tick</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Practice.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prac"ti*sant</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>An agent or confederate in treachery.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prac"tise</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t. & i.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Practice</u>.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The analogy of the English language requires that the noun and verb which are pronounced alike should agree in spelling. Thus we have <i>notice</i> (n. & v.), <i>noticed</i>, <i>noticing</i>, <i>noticer</i>; <i>poultice</i> (n. & v.); <i>apprentice</i> (n. & v.); <i>office</i> (n. & v.), <i>officer</i> (n.); <i>lattice</i> (n.), <i>latticed</i> (a.); <i>benefice</i> (n.), <i>beneficed</i> (a.), etc. Cf. <i>sacrifice</i> (&?;; n. & v.), <i>surmise</i> (&?;; n. & v.), <i>promise</i> (&?;; n. & v.); <i>compromise</i> (&?;; n. & v.), etc. Contrast <i>advice</i> (&?;; n.), and <i>advise</i> (&?;); <i>device</i> (&?;), and <i>devise</i> (&?;), etc.</p>

<p><hw>Prac"ti*sour</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A practitioner.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Prac*ti"tion*er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From <u>Practician</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who is engaged in the actual use or exercise of any art or profession, particularly that of law or medicine.</def> <i>Crabbe.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>One who does anything customarily or habitually.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A sly or artful person.</def> <i>Whitgift.</i></p>

<p><col><b>General practitioner</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>General</u>, 2.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Prac"tive</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Doing; active.</def> [Obs.] <i>Sylvester.</i> — <wf>Prac"tive*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>The preacher and the people both,<BR> Then <i>practively</i> did thrive.</blockquote> <i>Warner.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prad</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. D. <i>paard</i>.] <def>A horse.</def> [Colloq. Eng.]</p>

<p><hw>Pr&aelig;-</hw> (?). <def>A prefix. See <u>Pre-</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pr&aelig;"ca`va</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Pre-</u>, and 1st <u>Cave</u>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>The superior vena cava.</def> — <wf>Pr&aelig;"ca`val</wf> (#), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>B. G. Wilder.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pr&aelig;c"i*pe</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., imperative of <i>praecipere</i> to give rules or precepts. See <u>Precept</u>.] <i>(Law)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A writ commanding something to be done, or requiring a reason for neglecting it.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A paper containing the particulars of a writ, lodged in the office out of which the writ is to be issued.</def> <i>Wharton.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Pr&aelig;"co*ces</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Precocious</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A division of birds including those whose young are able to run about when first hatched.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pr&aelig;*co"cial</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to the Pr&aelig;coces.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pr&aelig;*cog"ni*ta</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [L. <i>praecognitus</i>, p. p. of <i>praecognoscere</i> to foreknow. See <u>Pre-</u>, and <u>Cognition</u>.] <def>This previously known, or which should be known in order to understand something else.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pr&aelig;*com"mis*sure</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>pr&aelig; + commissure</i>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>A transverse commissure in the anterior part of the third ventricle of the brain; the anterior cerebral commissure.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pr&aelig;*cor"a*coid</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>See <u>Precoracoid</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pr&aelig;*cor"di*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., fr. <i>prae</i> before + <i>cor</i>, <i>cordis</i>, the heart.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>The front part of the thoracic region; the epigastrium.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pr&aelig;*cor"di*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Precordial</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pr&aelig;*cor"nu</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Pr&aelig;cornua</b></plw> (#). [NL. See <u>Pre-</u>, and <u>Cornu</u>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>The anterior horn of each lateral ventricle of the brain.</def> <i>B. G. Wilder.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pr&aelig;"di*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Predial</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pr&aelig;`flo*ra"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Prefloration</u>.</def> <i>Gray.</i></p>

<p><! p. 1124 !></p>

<p><hw>Pr&aelig;*fo`li*a"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Prefoliation</u>.</def> <i>Gray.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pr&aelig;`max*il"la</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Premaxilla</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pr&aelig;*mo"lar</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Premolar</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pr&aelig;*morse"</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Premorse</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pr&aelig;m`u*ni"re</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Corrupted from L. <i>praemonere</i> to forewarn, cite. See <u>Admonish</u>.] <i>(Eng. Law)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The offense of introducing foreign authority into England, the penalties for which were originally intended to depress the civil power of the pope in the kingdom.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The writ grounded on that offense.</def> <i>Wharton.</i> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <def>The penalty ascribed for the offense of <i>pr&aelig;munire</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Wolsey incurred a <i>pr&aelig;munire</i>, and forfeited his honor, estate, and life.</blockquote> <i>South.</i></p>

<p>&fist; The penalties of <i>pr&aelig;munire</i> were subsequently applied to many other offenses; but prosecutions upon a <i>pr&aelig;munire</i> are at this day unheard of in the English courts. <i>Blackstone.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pr&aelig;m`u*ni"re</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To subject to the penalties of pr&aelig;munire.</def> [Obs.] <i>T. Ward.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pr&aelig;*mu"ni*to*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Premunitory</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pr&aelig;*na"res</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Pre-</u>, <u>Nares</u>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>The anterior nares. See <u>Nares</u>.</def> <i>B. G. Wilder.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pr&aelig;*na"sal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Prenasal</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pr&aelig;*no"men</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Pr&aelig;nomina</b></plw> (#). [L., fr. <i>prae</i> before + <i>nomen</i> name.] <i>(Rom. Antiq.)</i> <def>The first name of a person, by which individuals of the same family were distinguished, answering to our <i>Christian name</i>, as Caius, Lucius, Marcus, etc.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pr&aelig;`no*min"ic*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to a pr&aelig;nomen.</def> [Obs.] <i>M. A. Lower.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pr&aelig;`o*per"cu*lum</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Preoperculum</u>.</def> — <wf>Pr&aelig;`o*per"cu*lar</wf>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Pr&aelig;*o"ral</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, <hw>Pr&aelig;*pu"bis</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, <hw>Pr&aelig;*scap"u*la</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, <hw>Pr&aelig;*scu"tum</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, <hw>Pr&aelig;*ster"num</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Preoral</u>, <u>Prepubis</u>, <u>Prescapula</u>, etc.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pr&aelig;"ter-</hw> (?). <def>A prefix. See <u>Preter- </u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pr&aelig;t"er*ist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Theol.)</i> <def>See <u>Preterist</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pr&aelig;`ter*mit"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Pretermit</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pr&aelig;*tex"ta</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Pr&aelig;text&aelig;</b></plw> (#), E. <plw><b>Pr&aelig;textas</b></plw> (#). [L. (sc. <i>toga</i>), fr. <i>praetextus</i>, p. p. of <i>praetexere</i> to weave before, to fringe, border; <i>prae</i> before + <i>texere</i> to weave.] <i>(Rom. Antiq.)</i> <def>A white robe with a purple border, worn by a Roman boy before he was entitled to wear the <i>toga virilis</i>, or until about the completion of his fourteenth year, and by girls until their marriage. It was also worn by magistrates and priests.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pr&aelig;"tor</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Pretor</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pr&aelig;*to"res</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Pretor</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A division of butterflies including the satyrs.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pr&aelig;*to"ri*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Pretorian</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pr&aelig;*to"ri*um</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Pretorium</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pr&aelig;*zyg`a*poph"y*sis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Prezygapophysis</u>.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Prag*mat"ic</hw> (?), <hw>Prag*mat"ic*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>pragmaticus</i> busy, active, skilled in business, especially in law and state affairs, systematic, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; a thing done, business, fr. &?; to do: cf. F. <i>pragmatique</i>. See <u>Practical</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Of or pertaining to business or to affairs; of the nature of business; practical; material; businesslike in habit or manner.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The next day . . . I began to be very <i>pragmatical</i>.</blockquote> <i>Evelyn.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>We can not always be contemplative, diligent, or <i>pragmatical</i>, abroad; but have need of some delightful intermissions.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Low, <i>pragmatical</i>, earthly views of the gospel.</blockquote> <i>Hare.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Busy; specifically, busy in an objectionable way; officious; fussy and positive; meddlesome.</def> "<i>Pragmatical</i> officers of justice." <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The fellow grew so <i>pragmatical</i> that he took upon him the government of my whole family.</blockquote> <i>Arbuthnot.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Philosophical; dealing with causes, reasons, and effects, rather than with details and circumstances; — said of literature.</def> "<i>Pragmatic</i> history." <i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i> "<i>Pragmatic</i> poetry." <i>M. Arnold.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Pragmatic sanction</b></col>, <cd>a solemn ordinance or decree issued by the head or legislature of a state upon weighty matters; — a term derived from the Byzantine empire. In European history, two decrees under this name are particularly celebrated. One of these, issued by Charles VII. of France, <u>A. D.</u> 1438, was the foundation of the liberties of the Gallican church; the other, issued by Charles VI. of Germany, <u>A. D.</u> 1724, settled his hereditary dominions on his eldest daughter, the Archduchess Maria Theresa.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Prag*mat"ic</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One skilled in affairs.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>My attorney and solicitor too; a fine <i>pragmatic</i>.</blockquote> <i>B. Jonson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A solemn public ordinance or decree.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A royal <i>pragmatic</i> was accordingly passed.</blockquote> <i>Prescott.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prag*mat"ic*al*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a pragmatical manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prag*mat"ic*al*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality or state of being pragmatical.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prag"ma*tism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality or state of being pragmatic; in literature, the pragmatic, or philosophical, method.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The narration of this apparently trifling circumstance belongs to the <i>pragmatism</i> of the history.</blockquote> <i>A. Murphy.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prag"ma*tist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who is pragmatic.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prag"ma*tize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To consider, represent, or embody (something unreal) as fact; to materialize.</def> [R.] "A <i>pragmatized</i> metaphor." <i>Tylor.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Prai`ri`al"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., fr. <i>prairie</i> meadow.] <def>The ninth month of the French Republican calendar, which dated from September 22, 1792. It began May, 20, and ended June 18. See <u>Vendemiaire</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prai"rie</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., an extensive meadow, OF. <i>praerie</i>, LL. <i>prataria</i>, fr. L. <i>pratum</i> a meadow.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>An extensive tract of level or rolling land, destitute of trees, covered with coarse grass, and usually characterized by a deep, fertile soil. They abound throughout the Mississippi valley, between the Alleghanies and the Rocky mountains.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>From the forests and the <i>prairies</i>,<BR> From the great lakes of the northland.</blockquote> <i>Longfellow.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A meadow or tract of grass; especially, a so called natural meadow.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Prairie chicken</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>any American grouse of the genus <i>Tympanuchus</i>, especially <i>T. Americanus</i> (formerly <i>T. cupido</i>), which inhabits the prairies of the central United States. Applied also to the sharp- tailed grouse.</cd> — <col><b>Prairie clover</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>any plant of the leguminous genus <i>Petalostemon</i>, having small rosy or white flowers in dense terminal heads or spikes. Several species occur in the prairies of the United States.</cd> — <col><b>Prairie dock</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>a coarse composite plant (<i>Silphium terebinthaceum</i>) with large rough leaves and yellow flowers, found in the Western prairies.</cd> — <col><b>Prairie dog</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a small American rodent (<i>Cynomys Ludovicianus</i>) allied to the marmots. It inhabits the plains west of the Mississippi. The prairie dogs burrow in the ground in large warrens, and have a sharp bark like that of a dog. Called also <i>prairie marmot</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Prairie grouse</b></col>. <cd>Same as <i>Prairie chicken</i>, above.</cd> — <col><b>Prairie hare</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a large long-eared Western hare (<i>Lepus campestris</i>). See <i>Jack rabbit</i>, under 2d <u>Jack</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Prairie hawk</b></col>, <col><b>Prairie falcon</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a falcon of Western North America (<i>Falco Mexicanus</i>). The upper parts are brown. The tail has transverse bands of white; the under parts, longitudinal streaks and spots of brown.</cd> — <col><b>Prairie hen</b></col>. <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <cd>Same as <i>Prairie chicken</i>, above.</cd> — <col><b>Prairie itch</b></col> <i>(Med.)</i>, <cd>an affection of the skin attended with intense itching, which is observed in the Northern and Western United States; — also called <i>swamp itch</i>, <i>winter itch</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Prairie marmot</b></col>. <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <cd>Same as <i>Prairie dog</i>, above.</cd> — <col><b>Prairie mole</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a large American mole (<i>Scalops argentatus</i>), native of the Western prairies.</cd> — <col><b>Prairie pigeon</b></col>, <col><b>plover</b></col>, or <col><b>snipe</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the upland plover. See <u>Plover</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, 2.</cd> — <col><b>Prairie rattlesnake</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the massasauga.</cd> — <col><b>Prairie snake</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a large harmless American snake (<i>Masticophis flavigularis</i>). It is pale yellow, tinged with brown above.</cd> — <col><b>Prairie squirrel</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>any American ground squirrel of the genus <i>Spermophilus</i>, inhabiting prairies; — called also <i>gopher</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Prairie turnip</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>the edible turnip-shaped farinaceous root of a leguminous plant (<i>Psoralea esculenta</i>) of the Upper Missouri region; also, the plant itself. Called also <i>pomme blanche</i>, and <i>pomme de prairie</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Prairie warbler</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a bright-colored American warbler (<i>Dendroica discolor</i>). The back is olive yellow, with a group of reddish spots in the middle; the under parts and the parts around the eyes are bright yellow; the sides of the throat and spots along the sides, black; three outer tail feathers partly white.</cd> — <col><b>Prairie wolf</b></col>. <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <cd>See <u>Coyote</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Prais"a*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Fit to be praised; praise-worthy; laudable; commendable.</def> <i>Wyclif (2 Tim. ii. 15).</i></p>

<p><hw>Prais"a*bly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a praisable manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Praise</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Praised</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Praising</u>.] [OE. <i>preisen</i>, OF. <i>preisier</i>, <i>prisier</i>, F. <i>priser</i>, L. <i>pretiare</i> to prize, fr. <i>pretium</i> price. See <u>Price</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, and cf. <u>Appreciate</u>, <u>Praise</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, <u>Prize</u>, <pos><i>v.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To commend; to applaud; to express approbation of; to laud; — applied to a person or his acts.</def> "I <i>praise</i> well thy wit." <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Let her own works <i>praise</i> her in the gates.</blockquote> <i>Prov. xxxi. 31.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>We <i>praise</i> not Hector, though his name, we know,<BR> Is great in arms; 't is hard to <i>praise</i> a foe.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To extol in words or song; to magnify; to glorify on account of perfections or excellent works; to do honor to; to display the excellence of; — applied especially to the Divine Being.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Praise</i> ye him, all his angels; <i>praise</i> ye him, all his hosts!</blockquote> <i>Ps. cxlviii. 2.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To value; to appraise.</def> [Obs.] <i>Piers Plowman.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — To commend; laud; eulogize; celebrate; glorify; magnify. — To <u>Praise</u>, <u>Applaud</u>, <u>Extol</u>. To <i>praise</i> is to set at high price; to <i>applaud</i> is to greet with clapping; to <i>extol</i> is to bear aloft, to exalt. We may <i>praise</i> in the exercise of calm judgment; we usually <i>applaud</i> from impulse, and on account of some specific act; we <i>extol</i> under the influence of high admiration, and usually in strong, if not extravagant, language.</p>

<p><hw>Praise</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>preis</i>, OF. <i>preis</i> price, worth, value, estimation. See <u>Praise</u>, <pos><i>v.</i></pos>, <u>Price</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Commendation for worth; approval expressed; honor rendered because of excellence or worth; laudation; approbation.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>There are men who always confound the <i>praise</i> of goodness with the practice.</blockquote> <i>Rambler.</i></p>

<p>&fist; <i>Praise</i> may be expressed by an individual, and thus differs from <i>fame</i>, <i>renown</i>, and <i>celebrity</i>, which are always the expression of the approbation of numbers, or public commendation.</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Especially, the joyful tribute of gratitude or homage rendered to the Divine Being; the act of glorifying or extolling the Creator; worship, particularly worship by song, distinction from prayer and other acts of worship; as, a service of <i>praise</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>The object, ground, or reason of praise.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He is thy <i>praise</i>, and he is thy God.</blockquote> <i>Deut. x.&?;&?;.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Encomium; honor; eulogy; panegyric; plaudit; applause; acclaim; eclat; commendation; laudation.</p>

<p><hw>Praise"ful</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Praiseworthy.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Praise"ful</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Praiseworthy.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Praise"less</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Without praise or approbation.</def></p>

<p><hw>Praise"-meet`*ing</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A religious service mainly in song.</def> [Local, U. S.]</p>

<p><hw>Praise"ment</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Appraisement.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Prais"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who praises.</def> "<i>Praisers</i> of men." <i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>An appraiser; a valuator.</def> [Obs.] <i>Sir T. North.</i></p>

<p><hw>Praise"wor`thi*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a praiseworthy manner.</def> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Praise"wor`thi*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality or state of being praiseworthy.</def></p>

<p><hw>Praise"wor`thy</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Worthy of praise or applause; commendable; as, <i>praiseworthy</i> action; he was <i>praiseworthy</i>.</def> <i>Arbuthnot.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pra"krit</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Skr. <i>pr&amacr;k&rsdot;ta</i> original, natural, usual, common, vulgar.] <def>Any one of the popular dialects descended from, or akin to, Sanskrit; — in distinction from the Sanskrit, which was used as a literary and learned language when no longer spoken by the people. Pali is one of the <i>Prakrit</i> dialects.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pra*krit"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pertaining to Prakrit.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pram</hw> (?), <hw>Prame</hw> (?) }, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>See <u>Praam</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prance</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Pranced</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Prancing</u> (?).] [OE. <i>prauncen</i>; probably akin to <i>prank</i>, v. t. See Prank.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To spring or bound, as a horse in high mettle.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Now rule thy <i>prancing</i> steed.</blockquote> <i>Gay.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To ride on a prancing horse; to ride in an ostentatious manner.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The insulting tyrant <i>prancing</i> o'er the field.</blockquote> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To walk or strut about in a pompous, showy manner, or with warlike parade.</def> <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pran"cer</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A horse which prances.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Then came the captain . . . upon a brave <i>prancer</i>.</blockquote> <i>Evelyn.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pran"di*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>prandium</i> a repast.] <def>Of or pertaining to a repast, especially to dinner.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pran"gos</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From the native name in Afghanistan.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A genus of umbelliferous plants, one species of which (<i>P. pabularia</i>), found in Thibet, Cashmere, Afghanistan, etc., has been used as fodder for cattle. It has decompound leaves with very long narrow divisions, and a highly fragrant smell resembling that of new clover hay.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prank</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Pranked</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Pranking</u>.] [Cf. E. <i>prink</i>, also G. <i>prangen</i>, <i>prunken</i>, to shine, to make a show, Dan. <i>prange</i>, <i>prunke</i>, Sw. <i>prunka</i>, D. <i>pronken</i>.] <def>To adorn in a showy manner; to dress or equip ostentatiously; — often followed by <i>up</i>; as, to <i>prank</i> up the body. See <u>Prink</u>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>In sumptuous tire she joyed herself to <i>prank</i>.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prank</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To make ostentatious show.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>White houses <i>prank</i> where once were huts.</blockquote> <i>M. Arnold.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prank</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A gay or sportive action; a ludicrous, merry, or mischievous trick; a caper; a frolic.</def> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The harpies . . . played their accustomed <i>pranks</i>.</blockquote> <i>Sir W. Raleigh.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>His <i>pranks</i> have been too broad to bear with.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prank</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Full of gambols or tricks.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Prank"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who dresses showily; a prinker.</def> "A <i>pranker</i> or a dancer." <i>Burton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prank"ish</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Full of pranks; frolicsome.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prase</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>prasius</i>, fr. Gr. &?; of a leek-green, fr. Gr. &?; a leek: cf. F. <i>prase</i>.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>A variety of cryptocrystalline of a leek-green color.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pra"se*o-</hw> (?). [Gr. &?; leek-green, green, fr. &?; a leek.] <def>A combining form signifying <i>green</i>; as, <i>praseo</i>cobalt, a green variety of cobalt.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pra`se*o*dym"i*um</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Praseo- </i> + di<i>dymium</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>An elementary substance, one of the constituents of didymium; — so called from the green color of its salts. Symbol Ps. Atomic weight 143.6.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pra"se*o*lite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Praseo-</i> + <i>-lite</i>.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>A variety of altered iolite of a green color and greasy luster.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pras"i*nous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>prasinus</i>, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; a leek.] <def>Grass-green; clear, lively green, without any mixture.</def> <i>Lindley.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pra"soid</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; leek + <i>- oid</i>.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>Resembling prase.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prate</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Prated</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Prating</u>.] [Akin to LG. & D. <i>praten</i>, Dan. <i>prate</i>, Sw. & Icel. <i>prata</i>.] <def>To talk much and to little purpose; to be loquacious; to speak foolishly; to babble.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>To <i>prate</i> and talk for life and honor.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>And make a fool presume to <i>prate</i> of love.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prate</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To utter foolishly; to speak without reason or purpose; to chatter, or babble.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>What nonsense would the fool, thy master, <i>prate</i>,<BR> When thou, his knave, canst talk at such a rate !</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prate</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Akin to LG. & D. <i>praat</i>, Sw. <i>prat</i>.] <def>Talk to little purpose; trifling talk; unmeaning loquacity.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Sick of tops, and poetry, and <i>prate</i>.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prate"ful</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Talkative.</def> [R.] <i>W. Taylor.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prat"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who prates.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prat"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Pratique</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pra"tin*cole</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any bird of the Old World genus <i>Glareola</i>, or family <i>Glareolid&aelig;</i>, allied to the plovers. They have long, pointed wings and a forked tail.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prat"ing*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>With idle talk; with loquacity.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prat"ique</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F.; cf. It. <i>pratica</i>, Sp. <i>practica</i>. See <u>Practice</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Com.)</i> <def>Primarily, liberty of converse; intercourse; hence, a certificate, given after compliance with quarantine regulations, permitting a ship to land passengers and crew; — a term used particularly in the south of Europe.</def></p>

<p><! p. 1125 !></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Practice; habits.</def> [Obs.] "One of English education and <i>pratique</i>." <i>R. North.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prat"tle</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Prattled</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Prattling</u> (?).] [Freq. <i>of prate</i>.] <def>To talk much and idly; to prate; hence, to talk lightly and artlessly, like a child; to utter child's talk.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prat"tle</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To utter as prattle; to babble; as, to <i>prattle</i> treason.</def> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prat"tle</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Trifling or childish tattle; empty talk; loquacity on trivial subjects; prate; babble.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Mere <i>prattle</i>, without practice.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prat"tle*ment</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Prattle.</def> [R.] <i>Jeffrey.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prat"tler</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who prattles.</def> <i>Herbert.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prav"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>pravitas</i>, from <i>pravus</i> crooked, perverse.] <def>Deterioration; degeneracy; corruption; especially, moral crookedness; moral perversion; perverseness; depravity; as, the <i>pravity</i> of human nature.</def> "The <i>pravity</i> of the will." <i>South.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prawn</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>prane</i>, of unknown origin; cf. L. <i>perna</i> a sea mussel.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any one of numerous species of large shrimplike Crustacea having slender legs and long antenn&aelig;. They mostly belong to the genera <i>Pandalus</i>, <i>Pal&aelig;mon</i>, <i>Pal&aelig;monetes</i>, and <i>Peneus</i>, and are much used as food. The common English prawn is <i>Pal&aelig;mon serratus</i>.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The name is often applied to any large shrimp.</p>

<p><hw>Prax*in"o*scope</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; action + <i>-scope</i>.] <i>(Opt.)</i> <def>An instrument, similar to the phenakistoscope, for presenting to view, or projecting upon a screen, images the natural motions of real objects.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prax"is</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to do. See <u>Practice</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Use; practice; especially, exercise or discipline for a specific purpose or object.</def> "The <i>praxis</i> and theory of music." <i>Wood.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>An example or form of exercise, or a collection of such examples, for practice.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pray</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. & v.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Pry</u>.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pray</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Prayed</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Praying</u>.] [OE. <i>preien</i>, OF. <i>preier</i>, F. <i>prier</i>, L. <i>precari</i>, fr. <i>prex</i>, <i>precis</i>, a prayer, a request; akin to Skr. <i>prach</i> to ask, AS. <i>frignan</i>, <i>fr&imacr;nan</i>, <i>fricgan</i>, G. <i>fragen</i>, Goth. <i>fra&iacute;hnan</i>. Cf. <u>Deprecate</u>, <u>Imprecate</u>, <u>Precarious</u>.] <def>To make request with earnestness or zeal, as for something desired; to make entreaty or supplication; to offer prayer to a deity or divine being as a religious act; specifically, to address the Supreme Being with adoration, confession, supplication, and thanksgiving.</def></p>

<p><blockquote> And to his goddess pitously he <i>preyde</i>.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>When thou <i>prayest</i>, enter into thy closet, and when thou hast shut thy door, <i>pray</i> to thy Father which is in secret; and thy Father which seeth in secret shall reward thee openly.</blockquote> <i>Matt. vi. 6.</i></p>

<p><col><b>I pray</b></col>, or (by ellipsis) <col><b>Pray</b></col>, <cd>I beg; I request; I entreat you; — used in asking a question, making a request, introducing a petition, etc.; as, <i>Pray</i>, allow me to go.</cd></p>

<p><blockquote>I <i>pray</i>, sir. why am I beaten?</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — To entreat; supplicate; beg; implore; invoke; beseech; petition.</p>

<p><hw>Pray</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To address earnest request to; to supplicate; to entreat; to implore; to beseech.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>And as this earl was <i>preyed</i>, so did he.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>We <i>pray</i> you . . . by ye reconciled to God.</blockquote> <i>2 Cor. v. 20.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To ask earnestly for; to seek to obtain by supplication; to entreat for.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I know not how to <i>pray</i> your patience.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To effect or accomplish by praying; as, to <i>pray</i> a soul out of purgatory.</def> <i>Milman.</i></p>

<p><col><b>To pray in aid</b></col>. <i>(Law)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>To call in as a helper one who has an interest in the cause</cd>. <i>Bacon.</i> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>A phrase often used to signify claiming the benefit of an argument. See under <u>Aid</u>.</cd> <i>Mozley & W.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pray"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who prays; a supplicant.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prayer</hw> (&?;; 277), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>preiere</i>, OF. <i>preiere</i>, F. <i>pri&egrave;re</i>, fr. L. <i>precarius</i> obtained by prayer, fr. <i>precari</i> to pray. See <u>Pray</u>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of praying, or of asking a favor; earnest request or entreaty; hence, a petition or memorial addressed to a court or a legislative body.</def> "Their meek <i>preyere</i>." <i>Chaucer</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The act of addressing supplication to a divinity, especially to the true God; the offering of adoration, confession, supplication, and thanksgiving to the Supreme Being; as, public <i>prayer</i>; secret <i>prayer</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>As he is famed for mildness, peace, and <i>prayer</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>The form of words used in praying; a formula of supplication; an expressed petition; especially, a supplication addressed to God; as, a written or extemporaneous <i>prayer</i>; to repeat one's <i>prayers</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He made those excellent <i>prayers</i> which were published immediately after his death.</blockquote> <i>Bp. Fell.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Prayer book</b></col>, <cd>a book containing devotional prayers.</cd> — <col><b>Prayer meeting</b></col>, <cd>a meeting or gathering for prayer to God.</cd></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Petition; orison; supplication; entreaty; suit.</p>

<p><hw>Prayer"ful</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Given to prayer; praying much or often; devotional.</def> "The <i>prayerful</i> man." <i>J. S. Blackie.</i> — <wf>Prayer"ful*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Prayer"ful*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Prayer"less</hw> (?; 277), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Not using prayer; habitually neglecting prayer to God; without prayer.</def> "The next time you go <i>prayerless</i> to bed." <i>Baxter.</i></p>

<p>— <wf>Prayer"less*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Prayer"less*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Pray"ing</hw> (?), <def><pos><i>a. & n.</i></pos> from <u>Pray</u>, <pos><i>v.</i></pos></def></p>

<p><col><b>Praying insect</b></col>, <col><b>locust</b></col>, or mantis <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a mantis, especially <i>Mantis religiosa</i>. See <u>Mantis</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Praying machine</b></col>, or <col><b>Praying wheel</b></col>, <cd>a wheel on which prayers are pasted by Buddhist priests, who then put the wheel in rapid revolution. Each turn in supposed to have the efficacy of an oral repetition of all the prayers on the wheel. Sometimes it is moved by a stream.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pray"ing*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>With supplication to God.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre-</hw> (?). [L. <i>prae</i>, adv. & prep., before, akin to <i>pro</i>, and to E. <i>for</i>, prep.: cf. F. <i>pr&eacute;-</i>. See <u>Pro-</u>, and cf. <u>Prior</u>.] <def>A prefix denoting <i>priority</i> (of time, place, or rank); as, <i>precede</i>, to go before; <i>pre</i>cursor, a forerunner; <i>pre</i>fix, to fix or place before; <i>pre</i>&euml;minent eminent before or above others. <i>Pre- </i> is sometimes used intensively, as in <i>pre</i>potent, very potent.</def> [Written also <i>pr&aelig;-</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Pre*ac`cu*sa"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Previous accusation.</def></p>

<p><hw>Preace</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. & n.</i></pos> <def>Press.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Preach</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Preached</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Preaching</u>.] [OE. <i>prechen</i>, OF. <i>preechier</i>, F. <i>pr&ecirc;cher</i>, fr. L. <i>praedicare</i> to cry in public, to proclaim; <i>prae</i> before + <i>dicare</i> to make known, <i>dicere</i> to say; or perhaps from (assumed) LL. <i>praedictare</i>. See <u>Diction</u>, and cf. <u>Predicate</u>, <u>Predict</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To proclaim or publish tidings; specifically, to proclaim the gospel; to discourse publicly on a religious subject, or from a text of Scripture; to deliver a sermon.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>How shall they <i>preach</i>, except they be sent?</blockquote> <i>Rom. x. 15.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>From that time Jesus began to <i>preach</i>.</blockquote> <i>Matt. iv. 17.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To give serious advice on morals or religion; to discourse in the manner of a preacher.</def></p>

<p><hw>Preach</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To proclaim by public discourse; to utter in a sermon or a formal religious harangue.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>That Cristes gospel truly wolde <i>preche</i>.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The Lord hath anointed me to <i>preach</i> good tidings unto the meek.</blockquote> <i>Isa. lxi. 1.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To inculcate in public discourse; to urge with earnestness by public teaching.</def> "I have <i>preached</i> righteousness in the great congregation." <i>Ps. xl. 9.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To deliver or pronounce; as, to <i>preach</i> a sermon.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To teach or instruct by preaching; to inform by preaching.</def> [R.] "As ye are <i>preached</i>." <i>Southey.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>To advise or recommend earnestly.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>My master <i>preaches</i> patience to him.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><col><b>To preach down</b></col>, <cd>to oppress, or humiliate by preaching.</cd> <i>Tennyson.</i> — <col><b>To preach up</b></col>, <cd>to exalt by preaching; to preach in support of; as, <i>to preach up</i> equality.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Preach</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>pr&ecirc;che</i>, fr. <i>pr&ecirc;cher</i>. See <u>Preach</u>, <pos><i>v.</i></pos>] <def>A religious discourse.</def> [Obs.] <i>Hooker.</i></p>

<p><hw>Preach"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. OF. <i>preeschierre</i>, <i>prescheur</i>, F. <i>pr&ecirc;cheur</i>, L. <i>praedicator</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who preaches; one who discourses publicly on religious subjects.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>How shall they hear without a <i>preacher</i>?</blockquote> <i>Rom. x. 14.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>One who inculcates anything with earnestness.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>No <i>preacher</i> is listened to but Time.</blockquote> <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Preacher bird</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a toucan.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Preach"er*ship</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The office of a preacher.</def> "The <i>preachership</i> of the Rolls." <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><hw>Preach"i*fy</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<i>Preach</i> + <i>-fy</i>.] <def>To discourse in the manner of a preacher.</def> [Colloq.] <i>Thackeray.</i></p>

<p><hw>Preach"ing</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The act of delivering a religious discourse; the art of sermonizing; also, a sermon; a public religious discourse; serious, earnest advice.</def> <i>Milner.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Preaching cross</b></col>, <cd>a cross, sometimes surmounting a pulpit, erected out of doors to designate a preaching place.</cd> — <col><b>Preaching friars</b></col>. <cd>See <u>Dominican</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Preach"man</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Preachmen</b></plw> (&?;). <def>A preacher; — so called in contempt.</def> [Obs.] <i>Howell.</i></p>

<p><hw>Preach"ment</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A religious harangue; a sermon; — used derogatively.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre`ac*quaint"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To acquaint previously or beforehand.</def> <i>Fielding.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre`ac*quaint"ance</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Previous acquaintance or knowledge.</def> <i>Harris.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*act"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To act beforehand; to perform previously.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*ac"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Previous action.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre`a*dam"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Prior to Adam.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*ad"am*ite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>pr&eacute;adamite</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>An inhabitant of the earth before Adam.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>One who holds that men existed before Adam.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*ad`am*it"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Existing or occurring before Adam; preadamic; as, <i>preadamitic</i> periods.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre`ad*just"ment</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Previous adjustment.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre`ad*min`is*tra"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Previous administration.</def> <i>Bp. Pearson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre`ad*mon"ish</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To admonish previously.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*ad`mo*ni"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Previous warning or admonition; forewarning.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*ad`ver*tise"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To advertise beforehand; to preannounce publicly.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre"am`ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [LL. <i>praeambulum</i>, from L. <i>praeambulus</i> walking before, fr. <i>praeambulare</i> to walk before; <i>prae</i> before + <i>ambulare</i> to walk: cf. F. <i>pr&eacute;ambule</i>. See <u>Amble</u>.] <def>A introductory portion; an introduction or preface, as to a book, document, etc.; specifically, the introductory part of a statute, which states the reasons and intent of the law.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre"am`ble</hw>, <pos><i>v. t. & i.</i></pos> <def>To make a preamble to; to preface; to serve as a preamble.</def> [R.] <i>Feltham. Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*am"bu*la*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. OF. <i>preambulaire</i>.] <def>Of or pertaining to a preamble; introductory; contained or provided for in a preamble.</def> "A <i>preambulary</i> tax." [R.] <i>Burke.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*am"bu*late</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [L. <i>praeambulare</i>. See <u>Preamble</u>.] <def>To walk before.</def> [R.] <i>Jordan.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*am`bu*la"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A walking or going before; precedence.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A preamble.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*am"bu*la*to*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Preceding; going before; introductory.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Simon Magus had <i>preambulatory</i> impieties.</blockquote> <i>Jer. Taylor.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*am"bu*lous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See <u>Preamble</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <def>See <u>Perambulatory</u>.</def> [R.] <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre`an*nounce"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To announce beforehand.</def> <i>Coleridge.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*an`te*nul"ti*mate</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Being or indicating the fourth syllable from the end of a word, or that before the antepenult.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre`a*or"tic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>In front, or on the ventral side, of the aorta.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre`ap*point"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To appoint previously, or beforehand.</def> <i>Carlyle.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre`ap*point"ment</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Previous appointment.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*ap`pre*hen"sion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>An apprehension or opinion formed before examination or knowledge.</def> [R.] <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*arm"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To forearm.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Pre`ar*range"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To arrange beforehand.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prease</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t. & i.</i></pos> <def>To press; to crowd.</def> [Obs.] — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A press; a crowd.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre`as*sur"ance</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Previous assurance.</def> <i>Coleridge.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre`a*tax"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Occurring before the symptom ataxia has developed; — applied to the early symptoms of locomotor ataxia.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*au"di*ence</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Eng. Law)</i> <def>Precedence of rank at the bar among lawyers.</def> <i>Blackstone.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*ax"i*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Situated in front of any transverse axis in the body of an animal; anterior; cephalic; esp., in front, or on the anterior, or cephalic (that is, radial or tibial) side of the axis of a limb.</def></p>

<p><hw>Preb"end</hw> (pr&ebreve;b"&ebreve;nd), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>pr&eacute;bende</i> (cf. It. & Sp. <i>prebenda</i>), from L. <i>praebenda</i>, from L. <i>praebere</i> to hold forth, afford, contr. fr. <i>praehibere</i>; <i>prae</i> before + <i>habere</i> to have, hold. See <u>Habit</u>, and cf. <u>Provender</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A payment or stipend; esp., the stipend or maintenance granted to a prebendary out of the estate of a cathedral or collegiate church with which he is connected. See <u>Note</u> under <u>Benefice</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A prebendary.</def> [Obs.] <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Dignitary prebend</b></col>, <cd>one having jurisdiction annexed to it.</cd> — <col><b>Simple prebend</b></col>, <cd>one without jurisdiction.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pre*ben"dal</hw> (pr&esl;*b&ebreve;n"d<i>a</i>l), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to a prebend; holding a prebend; as, a <i>prebendal</i> priest or stall.</def> <i>Chesterfield.</i></p>

<p><hw>Preb"en*da*ry</hw> (pr&ebreve;b"&ebreve;n*d&asl;*r&ybreve;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [LL. <i>praebendarius</i>: cf. F. <i>pr&eacute;bendaire</i>. See <u>Prebend</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A clergyman attached to a collegiate or cathedral church who enjoys a prebend in consideration of his officiating at stated times in the church. See <u>Note</u> under <u>Benefice</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, 3.</def> <i>Hook.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A prebendaryship.</def> [Obs.] <i>Bailey.</i></p>

<p><hw>Preb"en*da*ry*ship</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The office of a prebendary.</def></p>

<p><hw>Preb"en*date</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [LL. <i>praebendatus</i>, p. p. of <i>praebendari</i>.] <def>To invest with the office of prebendary; to present to a prebend.</def> [Obs.] <i>Grafton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Preb"end*ship</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A prebendaryship.</def> [Obs.] <i>Foxe.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*bron"chi*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Situated in front of the bronchus; — applied especially to an air sac on either side of the esophagus of birds.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*cal"cu*late</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To calculate or determine beforehand; to prearrange.</def> <i>Masson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre"cant</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>precans</i>, <i>-antis</i>, p. pr. of <i>precari</i> to pray.] <def>One who prays.</def> [R.] <i>Coleridge.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*ca"ri*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>precarius</i> obtained by begging or prayer, depending on request or on the will of another, fr. <i>precari</i> to pray, beg. See <u>Pray</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Depending on the will or pleasure of another; held by courtesy; liable to be changed or lost at the pleasure of another; as, <i>precarious</i> privileges.</def> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Held by a doubtful tenure; depending on unknown causes or events; exposed to constant risk; not to be depended on for certainty or stability; uncertain; as, a <i>precarious</i> state of health; <i>precarious</i> fortunes.</def> "Intervals of partial and <i>precarious</i> liberty." <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Uncertain; unsettled; unsteady; doubtful; dubious; equivocal. — <u>Precarious</u>, <u>Uncertain</u>. <i>Precarious</i> in stronger than <i>uncertain</i>. Derived originally from the Latin <i>precari</i>, it first signified "granted to entreaty," and, hence, "wholly dependent on the will of another." Thus it came to express the highest species of uncertainty, and is applied to such things as depend wholly on future casualties.</p>

<p>— <wf>Pre*ca"ri*ous*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Pre*ca"ri*ous*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Pre*ca"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>precatio</i>.] <def>The act of praying; supplication; entreaty.</def> <i>Cotton.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Prec"a*tive</hw> (?), <hw>Prec"a*to*ry</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>precativus</i>, <i>precatorius</i>, fr. <i>precari</i> to pray. See <u>Precarious</u>.] <def>Suppliant; beseeching.</def> <i>Bp. Hopkins.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Precatory words</b></col> <i>(Law)</i>, <cd>words of recommendation, request, entreaty, wish, or expectation, employed in wills, as distinguished from <i>express directions</i>; — in some cases creating a trust.</cd> <i>Jarman.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*cau"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>pr&eacute;cation</i>, L. <i>praecautio</i>, fr. <i>praecavere</i>, <i>praecautum</i>, to guard against beforehand; <i>prae</i> before + <i>cavere</i> be on one's guard. See <u>Pre-</u>, and <u>Caution</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Previous caution or care; caution previously employed to prevent mischief or secure good; as, his life was saved by <i>precaution</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>They [ancient philosophers] treasured up their supposed discoveries with miserable <i>precaution</i>.</blockquote> <i>J. H. Newman.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A measure taken beforehand to ward off evil or secure good or success; a precautionary act; as, to take <i>precautions</i> against accident.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*cau"tion</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>pr&eacute;cautionner</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To warn or caution beforehand.</def> <i>Locke.</i></p>

<p><! p. 1126 !></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To take precaution against.</def> [R.] <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*cau"tion*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Precautionary.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*cau"tion*a*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to precaution, or precautions; as, <i>precautionary</i> signals.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*cau"tious</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Taking or using precaution; precautionary.</def> — <wf>Pre*cau"tious*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Pre*cau"*tious*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Pre`ce*da"ne*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Preceding; antecedent; previous.</def> [Obs.] <i>Hammond.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*cede"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Preceded</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Preceding</u>.] [L. <i>praecedere</i>, <i>praecessum</i>; <i>prae</i> before + <i>cedere</i> to go, to be in motion: cf. F. <i>pr&eacute;ceder</i>. See <u>Pre-</u>, and <u>Cede</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To go before in order of time; to occur first with relation to anything.</def> "Harm <i>precedes</i> not sin." <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To go before in place, rank, or importance.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To cause to be preceded; to preface; to introduce; — used with <i>by</i> or <i>with</i> before the instrumental object.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>It is usual to <i>precede</i> hostilities by a public declaration.</blockquote> <i>Kent.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pre*ced"ence</hw> (?), <hw>Pre*ced"en*cy</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>pr&eacute;c&eacute;dence</i>. See <u>Precede</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act or state of preceding or going before in order of time; priority; as, one event has <i>precedence</i> of another.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The act or state of going or being before in rank or dignity, or the place of honor; right to a more honorable place; superior rank; as, barons have <i>precedence</i> of commoners.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Which of them [the different desires] has the <i>precedency</i> in determining the will to the next action?</blockquote> <i>Locke.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Antecedence; priority; pre&euml;minence; preference; superiority.</p>

<p><hw>Pre*ced"ent</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>praecedens</i>, <i>-entis</i>, p. pr. of <i>praecedere</i>: cf. F. <i>pr&eacute;c&eacute;dent</i>. See <u>Precede</u>.] <def>Going before; anterior; preceding; antecedent; as, <i>precedent</i> services.</def> <i>Shak.</i> "A <i>precedent</i> injury." <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Condition precedent</b></col> <i>(Law)</i>, <cd>a condition which precede the vesting of an estate, or the accruing of a right.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Prec"e*dent</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Something done or said that may serve as an example to authorize a subsequent act of the same kind; an authoritative example.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Examples for cases can but direct as <i>precedents</i> only.</blockquote> <i>Hooker.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A preceding circumstance or condition; an antecedent; hence, a prognostic; a token; a sign.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A rough draught of a writing which precedes a finished copy.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Law)</i> <def>A judicial decision which serves as a rule for future determinations in similar or analogous cases; an authority to be followed in courts of justice; forms of proceeding to be followed in similar cases.</def> <i>Wharton.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Example; antecedent. — <u>Precedent</u>, <u>Example</u>. An <i>example</i> in a similar case which may serve as a rule or guide, but has no authority out of itself. A <i>precedent</i> is something which comes down to us from the past with the sanction of usage and of common consent. We quote <i>examples</i> in literature, and <i>precedents</i> in law.</p>

<p><hw>Prec"e*dent*ed</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having a precedent; authorized or sanctioned by an example of a like kind.</def> <i>Walpole.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prec`e*den"tial</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of the nature of a precedent; having force as an example for imitation; as, <i>precedential</i> transactions.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>All their actions in that time are not <i>precedential</i> to warrant posterity.</blockquote> <i>Fuller.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*ced"ent*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>Beforehand; antecedently.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*ced"ing</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Going before; — opposed to <i>following</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Astron.)</i> <def>In the direction toward which stars appear to move. See <u>Following</u>, 2.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*cel"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t. & i.</i></pos> [See <u>Precellence</u>.] <def>To surpass; to excel; to exceed.</def> [Obs.] <i>Howell.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pre*cel"lence</hw> (?), <hw>Pre*cel"len*cy</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>praecellentia</i>, from <i>praecellens</i>, p. pr. of <i>praecellere</i> to excel, surpass: cf. OF. <i>precellence</i>.] <def>Excellence; superiority.</def> [Obs.] <i>Sheldon.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*cel"lent</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>praecellens</i>, p. pr.] <def>Excellent; surpassing.</def> [Obs.] <i>Holland.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*cen"tor</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>praecentor</i>, fr. <i>praecinere</i> to sing before; <i>prae</i> before + <i>canere</i> to sing. See <u>Chant</u>.] <def>A leader of a choir; a directing singer.</def> Specifically: <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The leader of the choir in a cathedral; — called also the <i>chanter</i> or <i>master</i> of the choir.</def> <i>Hook.</i> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The leader of the congregational singing in Scottish and other churches.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*cen"tor*ship</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The office of a precentor.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre"cept</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>praeceptum</i>, from <i>praecipere</i> to take beforehand, to instruct, teach; <i>prae</i> before + <i>capere</i> to take: cf. F. <i>pr&eacute;cepte</i>. See <u>Pre-</u>, and <u>Capacious</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Any commandment, instruction, or order intended as an authoritative rule of action; esp., a command respecting moral conduct; an injunction; a rule.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>For <i>precept</i> must be upon <i>precept</i>.</blockquote> <i>Isa. xxviii. 10.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>No arts are without their <i>precepts</i>.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Law)</i> <def>A command in writing; a species of writ or process.</def> <i>Burrill.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Commandment; injunction; mandate; law; rule; direction; principle; maxim. See <u>Doctrine</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Pre"cept</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To teach by precepts.</def> [Obs.] <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*cep"tial</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Preceptive.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>[Passion] would give <i>preceptial</i> medicine to rage.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*cep"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>praeceptio</i>.] <def>A precept.</def> [R.] <i>Bp. Hall.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*cep"tive</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>praeceptivus</i>.] <def>Containing or giving precepts; of the nature of precepts; didactic; as, the <i>preceptive</i> parts of the Scriptures.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The lesson given us here is <i>preceptive</i> to us.</blockquote> <i>L'Estrange.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*cep"tor</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>praeceptor</i>, fr. <i>praecipere</i> to teach: cf. F. <i>pr&eacute;cepteur</i>. See <u>Precept</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who gives commands, or makes rules; specifically, the master or principal of a school; a teacher; an instructor.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The head of a preceptory among the Knights Templars.</def> <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre`cep*to"ri*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to a preceptor.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*cep"to*ry</hw> (?; 277), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Preceptive.</def> "A law <i>preceptory</i>." <i>Anderson (1573).</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*cep"to*ry</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Preceptories</b></plw> (#). [LL. <i>praeceptoria</i> an estate assigned to a preceptor, from L. <i>praeceptor</i> a commander, ruler, teacher, in LL., procurator, administrator among the Knights Templars. See <u>Preceptor</u>.] <def>A religious house of the Knights Templars, subordinate to the temple or principal house of the order in London. See <u>Commandery</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, 2.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*cep"tress</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A woman who is the principal of a school; a female teacher.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*ces"sion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>praecedere</i>, <i>praecessum</i>, to go before: cf. F. <i>pr&eacute;cession</i>. See <u>Precede</u>.] <def>The act of going before, or forward.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Lunisolar precession</b></col>. <i>(Astron.)</i> <cd>See under <u>Lunisolar</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Planetary precession</b></col>, <cd>that part of the precession of the equinoxes which depends on the action of the planets alone.</cd> — <col><b>Precession of the equinoxes</b></col> <i>(Astron.)</i>, <cd>the slow backward motion of the equinoctial points along the ecliptic, at the rate of 50.2&Prime; annually, caused by the action of the sun, moon, and planets, upon the protuberant matter about the earth's equator, in connection with its diurnal rotation; — so called because either equinox, owing to its westerly motion, comes to the meridian sooner each day than the point it would have occupied without the motion of precession, and thus <i>precedes</i> that point continually with reference to the time of transit and motion.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pre*ces"sion*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to pression; as, the <i>precessional</i> movement of the equinoxes.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*ces"sor</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>praecessor</i>.] <def>A predecessor.</def> [Obs.] <i>Fuller.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre"cinct</hw> (?; 277), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [LL. <i>praecinctum</i>, fr. L. <i>praecingere</i>, <i>praecinctum</i>, to gird about, to encompass; <i>prae</i> before + <i>cingere</i> to gird, surround. See <u>Pre-</u>, and <u>Cincture</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The limit or exterior line encompassing a place; a boundary; a confine; limit of jurisdiction or authority; — often in the plural; as, the <i>precincts</i> of a state.</def> "The <i>precincts</i> of light." <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A district within certain boundaries; a minor territorial or jurisdictional division; as, an election <i>precinct</i>; a school <i>precinct</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A parish or prescribed territory attached to a church, and taxed for its support.</def> [U.S.]</p>

<p><blockquote>The parish, or <i>precinct</i>, shall proceed to a new choice.</blockquote> <i>Laws of Massachusetts.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre`ci*os"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Preciousness; something precious.</def> [Obs.] <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre"cious</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [OF. <i>precious</i>, <i>precius</i>, <i>precios</i>, F. <i>pr&eacute;cieux</i>, L. <i>pretiosus</i>, fr. <i>pretium</i> price, worth, value. See <u>Price</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Of great price; costly; as, a <i>precious</i> stone.</def> "The <i>precious</i> bane." <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Of great value or worth; very valuable; highly esteemed; dear; beloved; as, <i>precious</i> recollections.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>She is more <i>precious</i> than rules.</blockquote> <i>Prov. iii. 15.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Many things which are most <i>precious</i> are neglected only because the value of them lieth hid.</blockquote> <i>Hooker.</i></p>

<p>Also used ironically; as, a <i>precious</i> rascal.</p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Particular; fastidious; overnice.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Lest that <i>precious</i> folk be with me wroth.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Precious metals</b></col>, <cd>the uncommon and highly valuable metals, esp. gold and silver.</cd> — <col><b>Precious stones</b></col>, <cd>gems; jewels.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pre"cious*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a precious manner; expensively; extremely; dearly. Also used ironically.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre"cious*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality or state of being precious; costliness; dearness.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prec"i*pe</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Law)</i> <def>See <u>Pr&aelig;cipe</u>, and <u>Precept</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prec"i*pice</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>pr&eacute;cipice</i>, L. <i>praecipitium</i>, fr. <i>praeceps</i>, <i>-cipitis</i>, headlong; <i>prae</i> before + <i>caput</i>, <i>capitis</i>, the head. See <u>Pre-</u>, and <u>Chief</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A sudden or headlong fall.</def> [Obs.] <i>Fuller.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A headlong steep; a very steep, perpendicular, or overhanging place; an abrupt declivity; a cliff.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Where wealth like fruit on <i>precipices</i> grew.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*cip"i*ent</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>praecipiens</i>, p. pr. See <u>Precept</u>.] <def>Commanding; directing.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*cip`i*ta*bil"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality or state of being precipitable.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*cip"i*ta*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Capable of being precipitated, or cast to the bottom, as a substance in solution. See <u>Precipitate</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i></def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pre*cip"i*tance</hw> (?), <hw>Pre*cip"i*tan*cy</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From <u>Precipitant</u>.] <def>The quality or state of being precipitant, or precipitate; headlong hurry; excessive or rash haste in resolving, forming an opinion, or executing a purpose; precipitation; as, the <i>precipitancy</i> of youth.</def> "<i>Precipitance</i> of judgment." <i>I. Watts.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*cip"i*tant</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>praecipitans</i>, <i>-antis</i>, p. pr. of <i>praecipitare</i>: cf. F. <i>pr&eacute;cipitant</i>. See <u>Precipitate</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Falling or rushing headlong; rushing swiftly, violently, or recklessly; moving precipitately.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>They leave their little lives<BR> Above the clouds, <i>precipitant</i> to earth.</blockquote> <i>J. Philips.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Should he return, that troop so blithe and bold,<BR> <i>Precipitant</i> in fear would wing their flight.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Unexpectedly or foolishly brought on or hastened; rashly hurried; hasty; sudden; reckless.</def> <i>Jer. Taylor.</i> "<i>Precipitant</i> rebellion." <i>Eikon Basilike.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*cip"i*tant</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Any force or reagent which causes the formation of a precipitate.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*cip"i*tant*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>With rash or foolish haste; in headlong manner.</def> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*cip"i*tant*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality or state of being precipitant; precipitation.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*cip"i*tate</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>praecipitatus</i>, p. p. of <i>praecipitare</i> to precipitate, fr. <i>praeceps</i> headlong. See <u>Precipice</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Overhasty; rash; as, the king was too <i>precipitate</i> in declaring war.</def> <i>Clarendon.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Lacking due deliberation or care; hurried; said or done before the time; as, a <i>precipitate</i> measure.</def> "The rapidity of our too <i>precipitate</i> course." <i>Landor.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Falling, flowing, or rushing, with steep descent; headlong.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Precipitate</i> the furious torrent flows.</blockquote> <i>Prior.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Ending quickly in death; brief and fatal; as, a <i>precipitate</i> case of disease.</def> [Obs.] <i>Arbuthnot.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*cip"i*tate</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL. <i>praecipitatum</i>: cf. F. <i>pr&eacute;cipit&eacute;</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>An insoluble substance separated from a solution in a concrete state by the action of some reagent added to the solution, or of some force, such as heat or cold. The precipitate may fall to the bottom (whence the name), may be diffused through the solution, or may float at or near the surface.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Red precipitate</b></col> <i>(Old. Chem)</i>, <cd>mercuric oxide (HgO) a heavy red crystalline powder obtained by heating mercuric nitrate, or by heating mercury in the air. Prepared in the latter manner, it was the <i>precipitate per se</i> of the alchemists.</cd> — <col><b>White precipitate</b></col> <i>(Old Chem.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>A heavy white amorphous powder (NH<sub>2</sub>.HgCl) obtained by adding ammonia to a solution of mercuric chloride or corrosive sublimate; — formerly called also <i>infusible white precipitate</i>, and now <i>amido-mercuric chloride</i>.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>A white crystalline substance obtained by adding a solution of corrosive sublimate to a solution of sal ammoniac (ammonium chloride); — formerly called also <i>fusible white precipitate</i>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pre*cip"i*tate</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Precipitated</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Precipitating</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To throw headlong; to cast down from a precipice or height.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>She and her horse had been <i>precipitated</i> to the pebbled region of the river.</blockquote> <i>W. Irving.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To urge or press on with eager haste or violence; to cause to happen, or come to a crisis, suddenly or too soon; as, <i>precipitate</i> a journey, or a conflict.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Back to his sight <i>precipitates</i> her steps.</blockquote> <i>Glover.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>If they be daring, it may <i>precipitate</i> their designs, and prove dangerous.</blockquote> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>To separate from a solution, or other medium, in the form of a precipitate; as, water <i>precipitates</i> camphor when in solution with alcohol.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The light vapor of the preceding evening had been <i>precipitated</i> by the cold.</blockquote> <i>W. Irving.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*cip"i*tate</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To dash or fall headlong.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>So many fathom down <i>precipitating</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To hasten without preparation.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>To separate from a solution as a precipitate. See <u>Precipitate</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*cip"i*tate*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a precipitate manner; headlong; hastily; rashly.</def> <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*cip`i*ta"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>praecipitatio</i>: cf. F. <i>pr&eacute;cipitation</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of precipitating, or the state of being precipitated, or thrown headlong.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>In peril of <i>precipitation</i><BR> From off rock Tarpeian.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A falling, flowing, or rushing downward with violence and rapidity.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The hurry, <i>precipitation</i>, and rapid motion of the water, returning . . . towards the sea.</blockquote> <i>Woodward.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Great hurry; rash, tumultuous haste; impetuosity.</def> "The <i>precipitation</i> of inexperience." <i>Rambler.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>The act or process of precipitating from a solution.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*cip"i*ta`tor</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>praecipitator</i> an overthrower.] <def>One who precipitates, or urges on with vehemence or rashness.</def> <i>Hammond.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prec`i*pi"tious</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Precipitous.</def> [Obs.] — <wf>Prec`i*pi"tious*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> [Obs.] <i>Dr. H. More.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*cip"i*tous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>praeceps</i>, <i>-cipitis</i>: cf. OF. <i>precipiteux</i>. See <u>Precipice</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Steep, like a precipice; as, a <i>precipitous</i> cliff or mountain.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Headlong; as, <i>precipitous</i> fall.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Hasty; rash; quick; sudden; precipitate; as, <i>precipitous</i> attempts.</def> <i>Sir T. Browne.</i> "Marian's low, <i>precipitous</i> &lsquo;Hush!'" <i>Mrs. Browning.</i></p>

<p>— <wf>Pre*cip"i*tous*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Pre*cip"i*tous*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>||Pr&eacute;`cis"</hw> (pr&asl;`s&emacr;"), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. See <u>Precise</u>.] <def>A concise or abridged statement or view; an abstract; a summary.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*cise"</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>praecisus</i> cut off, brief, concise, p. p. of <i>praecidere</i> to cut off in front, to cut off; <i>prae</i> before + <i>caedere</i> to cut: cf. F. <i>pr&eacute;cis</i>. Cf. <u>Concise</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Having determinate limitations; exactly or sharply defined or stated; definite; exact; nice; not vague or equivocal; as, <i>precise</i> rules of morality.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The law in this point is not <i>precise</i>.</blockquote> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>For the hour <i>precise</i><BR> Exacts our parting hence.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Strictly adhering or conforming to rule; very nice or exact; punctilious in conduct or ceremony; formal; ceremonious.</def> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>He was ever <i>precise</i> in promise- keeping.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Accurate; exact; definite; correct; scrupulous; punctilious; particular; nice; formal. See <u>Accurate</u>.</p>

<p>— <wf>Pre*cise"ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Pre*cise"ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Pre*ci"sian</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who limits, or restrains.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>An overprecise person; one rigidly or ceremoniously exact in the observance of rules; a formalist; — formerly applied to the English Puritans.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The most dissolute cavaliers stood aghast at the dissoluteness of the emancipated <i>precisian</i>.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*ci"sian*ism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality or state of being a precisian; the practice of a precisian.</def> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*ci"sian*ist</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A precisian.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*ci"sion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>pr&eacute;cision</i>, L. <i>praecisio</i> a cutting off. See <u>Precise</u>.] <def>The quality or state of being precise; exact limitation; exactness; accuracy; strict conformity to a rule or a standard; definiteness.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I have left out the utmost <i>precisions</i> of fractions.</blockquote> <i>Locke.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Preciseness; exactness; accuracy; nicety. — <u>Precision</u>, <u>Preciseness</u>. <i>Precision</i> is always used in a good sense; as, <i>precision</i> of thought or language; <i>precision</i> in military evolutions. <i>Preciseness</i> is sometimes applied to persons or their conduct in a disparaging sense, and <i>precise</i> is often used in the same way.</p>

<p><hw>Pre*ci"sive</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Cutting off; <i>(Logic)</i> exactly limiting by cutting off all that is not absolutely relative to the purpose; as, <i>precisive</i> censure; <i>precisive</i> abstraction.</def> <i>I. Watts.</i></p>

<p><! p. 1127 !></p>

<p><hw>Pre*clude"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Precluded</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Precluding</u>.] [L. <i>praecludere</i>, <i>praeclusum</i>; <i>prae</i> before + <i>claudere</i> to shut. See <u>Close</u>, <pos><i>v.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To put a barrier before; hence, to shut out; to hinder; to stop; to impede.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The valves <i>preclude</i> the blood from entering the veins.</blockquote> <i>E. Darwin.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To shut out by anticipative action; to prevent or hinder by necessary consequence or implication; to deter action of, access to, employment of, etc.; to render ineffectual; to obviate by anticipation.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>This much will obviate and <i>preclude</i> the objections.</blockquote> <i>Bentley.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*clu"sion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>praeclusio</i>. See <u>Preclude</u>.] <def>The act of precluding, or the state of being precluded; a shutting out.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*clu"sive</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Shutting out; precluding, or tending to preclude; hindering.</def> — <wf>Pre*clu"sive*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Pre*coce"</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [F. <i>pr&eacute;coce</i>.] <def>Precocious.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>||Pre"co*ces</hw>, <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Pr&aelig;coces</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*co"cious</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>praecox</i>, <i>-ocis</i>, and <i>praecoquus</i>, fr. <i>praecoquere</i> to cook or ripen beforehand; <i>prae</i> before + <i>coquere</i> to cook. See 3d <u>Cook</u>, and cf. <u>Apricot</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Ripe or mature before the proper or natural time; early or prematurely ripe or developed; as, <i>precocious</i> trees.</def> [R.] <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Developed more than is natural or usual at a given age; exceeding what is to be expected of one's years; too forward; — used especially of mental forwardness; as, a <i>precocious</i> child; <i>precocious</i> talents.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*co"cious*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a precocious manner.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pre*co"cious*ness</hw>, <hw>Pre*coc"i*ty</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>pr&eacute;cocit&eacute;</i>.] <def>The quality or state of being precocious; untimely ripeness; premature development, especially of the mental powers; forwardness.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Saucy <i>precociousness</i> in learning.</blockquote> <i>Bp. Mannyngham.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>That <i>precocity</i> which sometimes distinguishes uncommon genius.</blockquote> <i>Wirt.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*co`e*ta"ne*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One contemporary with, but older than, another.</def> [Obs.] <i>Fuller.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*cog"i*tate</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [L. <i>praecogitatus</i>, p. p. of <i>praecogitare</i>. See <u>Pre-</u>, and <u>Cogitate</u>.] <def>To cogitate beforehand.</def> [R.] <i>Sherwood.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*cog`i*ta"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>praecogitatio</i>.] <def>Previous cogitation.</def> [R.] <i>Bailey.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre`cog*ni"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>praecognitio</i>, fr. <i>praecognoscere</i> to foreknow. See <u>Pre-</u>, and <u>Cognition</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Previous cognition.</def> <i>Fotherby.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Scots Law)</i> <def>A preliminary examination of a criminal case with reference to a prosecution.</def> <i>Erskine.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*cog"ni*za*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Cognizable beforehand.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*cog"nosce</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [L. <i>praecognoscere</i> to foreknow.] <i>(Scots Law)</i> <def>To examine beforehand, as witnesses or evidence.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A committee of nine <i>precognoscing</i> the chances.</blockquote> <i>Masson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre`col*lec"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A collection previously made.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Pre`com*pose"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Precomposed</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Precomposing</u>.] <def>To compose beforehand.</def> <i>Johnson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre`con*ceit"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>An opinion or notion formed beforehand; a preconception.</def> <i>Hooker.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre`con*ceive"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Preconceived</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Preconceiving</u>.] <def>To conceive, or form an opinion of, beforehand; to form a previous notion or idea of.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>In a dead plain the way seemeth the longer, because the eye hath <i>preconceived</i> it shorter than the truth.</blockquote> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre`con*cep"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The act of preconceiving; conception or opinion previously formed.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre`con*cert"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Preconcerted</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Preconcerting</u>.] <def>To concert or arrange beforehand; to settle by previous agreement.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*con"cert</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Something concerted or arranged beforehand; a previous agreement.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre`con*cert"ed</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Previously arranged; agreed upon beforehand.</def> — <wf>Pre`con*cert"ed*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Pre`con*cert"ed*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Pre`con*cer"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The act of preconcerting; preconcert.</def> <i>Dr. T. Dwight.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre`con*demn`</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To condemn beforehand.</def> — <wf>Pre*con`dem*na"tion</wf> (#), <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Pre`con*di"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A previous or antecedent condition; a preliminary condition.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre`con*form"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t. & i.</i></pos> <def>To conform by way anticipation.</def> <i>De Quincey.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre`con*form"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Anticipative or antecedent conformity.</def> <i>Coleridge.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*con"i*zate</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>pr&eacute;coniser</i>.] <def>To proclaim; to publish; also, to summon; to call.</def> [Obs.] <i>Bp. Burnet.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*con`i*za"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>praeconium</i> a crying out in public, fr. <i>praeco</i>, <i>- onis</i>, a crier, a herald: cf. F. <i>pr&eacute;conisation</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A publishing by proclamation; a public proclamation.</def> <i>Bp. Hall.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Eccl.)</i> <def>A formal approbation by the pope of a person nominated to an ecclesiastical dignity.</def> <i>Addis & Arnold.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre"con*ize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <i>(Eccl.)</i> <def>To approve by preconization.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*con"quer</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To conquer in anticipation.</def> [R.] <i>Fuller.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*con""scious</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to a state before consciousness.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre`con*sent"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A previous consent.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre`con*sign"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Preconsigned</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Preconsigning</u>.] <def>To consign beforehand; to make a previous consignment of.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre`con*sol"i*da`ted</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Consolidated beforehand.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*con"sti*tute</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To constitute or establish beforehand.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre`con*tract"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Precontracted</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Precontracting</u>.] <def>To contract, engage, or stipulate previously.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre`con*tract"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To make a previous contract or agreement.</def> <i>Ayliffe.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*con"tract</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A contract preceding another</def>; especially <i>(Law)</i>, <def>a contract of marriage which, according to the ancient law, rendered void a subsequent marriage solemnized in violation of it.</def> <i>Abbott.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre`con*trive"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t. & i.</i></pos> <def>To contrive or plan beforehand.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*cor"a*coid</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>The anterior part of the coracoid (often closely united with the clavicle) in the shoulder girdle of many reptiles and amphibians.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*cor"di*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>pre-</i> + L. <i>cor</i>, <i>cordis</i>, heart: cf. F. <i>pr&eacute;cordial</i>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Situated in front of the heart; of or pertaining to the pr&aelig;cordia.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*cru"ral</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Situated in front of the leg or thigh; as, the <i>precrural</i> glands of the horse.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*cur"rer</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A precursor.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*curse"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>praecursus</i>.] <def>A forerunning.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*cur"sive</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Preceding; introductory; precursory.</def> "A deep <i>precursive</i> sound." <i>Coleridge.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*cur"sor</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>praecursor</i>, fr. <i>praecurrere</i> to run before; <i>prae</i> before + <i>currere</i> to run. See <u>Course</u>.] <def>One who, or that which, precedes an event, and indicates its approach; a forerunner; a harbinger.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Evil thoughts are the invisible, airy <i>precursors</i> of all the storms and tempests of the soul.</blockquote> <i>Buckminster.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Predecessor; forerunner; harbinger; messenger; omen; sign.</p>

<p><hw>Pre*cur"sor*ship</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The position or condition of a precursor.</def> <i>Ruskin.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*cur"so*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>praecursorius</i>.] <def>Preceding as a precursor or harbinger; indicating something to follow; as, <i>precursory</i> symptoms of a fever.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*cur"so*ry</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>An introduction.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Pre*da"cean</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>praeda</i> prey.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A carnivorous animal.</def> <i>Kirby.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*da"ceous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>praeda</i> prey. See <u>Prey</u>.] <def>Living by prey; predatory.</def> <i>Derham.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre"dal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>praeda</i> prey.] <def>Of or pertaining to prey; plundering; predatory.</def> [R.] <i>Boyse.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*date"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To date anticipation; to affix to (a document) an earlier than the actual date; to antedate; as, a <i>predated</i> deed or letter.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*da"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>praedatio</i>, fr. <i>praedari</i> to plunder.] <def>The act of pillaging.</def> <i>E. Hall.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pred"a*to*ri*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a predatory manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pred"a*to*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>praedatorius</i>, fr. <i>praedari</i> to plunder, fr. <i>praeda</i> prey. See <u>Prey</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Characterized by plundering; practicing rapine; plundering; pillaging; as, a <i>predatory</i> excursion; a <i>predatory</i> party.</def> "A <i>predatory</i> war." <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Hungry; ravenous; as, <i>predatory</i> spirits.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Exercise . . . maketh the spirits more hot and <i>predatory</i>.</blockquote> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Living by preying upon other animals; carnivorous.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prede</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [L. <i>praedari</i>. See <u>Prey</u>.] <def>To prey; to plunder.</def> [Obs.] <i>Holinshed.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prede</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Prey; plunder; booty.</def> [Obs.] <i>Holinshed.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre"de*cay`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Premature decay.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre`de*cease</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To die sooner than.</def> "If children <i>predecease</i> progenitors." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre"de*cease`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The death of one person or thing before another.</def> [R.] <i>Brougham.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pred`e*ces"sive</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Going before; preceding.</def> "Our <i>predecessive</i> students." <i>Massinger.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pred`e*ces"sor</hw> (?; 277), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>praedecessor</i>; <i>prae</i> before + <i>decessor</i> one who withdraws from the province he has governed, a retiring officer (with reference to his successor), a predecessor, fr. <i>decedere</i>: cf. F. <i>pr&eacute;d&eacute;cesseur</i>. See <u>Decease</u>.] <def>One who precedes; one who has preceded another in any state, position, office, etc.; one whom another follows or comes after, in any office or position.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A prince who was as watchful as his <i>predecessor</i> had been over the interests of the state.</blockquote> <i>Prescott.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre`de*clare"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To declare or announce beforehand; to preannounce.</def> <i>Milman.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*ded`i*ca"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A dedication made previously or beforehand.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre`de*fine</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To define beforehand.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre`de*lib`er*a"tion</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Previous deliberation.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre`de*lin`e*a"tion</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Previous delineation.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pre*del"la</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [It.] <def>The step, or raised secondary part, of an altar; a superaltar; hence, in Italian painting, a band or frieze of several pictures running along the front of a superaltar, or forming a border or frame at the foot of an altarpiece.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre`de*sign"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To design or purpose beforehand; to predetermine.</def> <i>Mitford.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*des"ig*nate</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Logic)</i> <def>A term used by Sir William Hamilton to define propositions having their quantity indicated by a verbal sign; as, <i>all</i>, <i>none</i>, etc.; — contrasted with <i>preindesignate</i>, defining propositions of which the quantity is not so indicated.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*des`ti*na"ri*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to predestination; as, the <i>predestinarian</i> controversy.</def> <i>Waterland.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*des`ti*na"ri*an</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who believes in or supports the doctrine of predestination.</def> <i>Dr. H. More.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*des`ti*na"ri*an*ism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The system or doctrine of the predestinarians.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*des"ti*na*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Predestinarian.</def> [Obs.] <i>Heylin.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*des"ti*nate</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>praedestinatus</i>, p. p. of <i>praedestinare</i> to predestine; <i>prae</i> before + <i>destinare</i> to determine. See <u>Destine</u>.] <def>Predestinated; foreordained; fated.</def> "A <i>predestinate</i> scratched face." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*des"ti*nate</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Predestinated</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Predestinating</u>.] [Cf. <u>Predestine</u>.] <def>To predetermine or foreordain; to appoint or ordain beforehand by an unchangeable purpose or decree; to pre&euml;lect.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Whom he did foreknow, he also did <i>predestinate</i> to be conformed to the image of his Son.</blockquote> <i>Rom. viii. 29.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — To predetermine; foreordain; preordain; decree; predestine; foredoom.</p>

<p><hw>Pre*des`ti*na"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>praedestinatio</i>: cf. F. <i>pr&eacute;destination</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of predestinating.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Predestination</i> had overruled their will.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Theol.)</i> <def>The purpose of Good from eternity respecting all events; especially, the preordination of men to everlasting happiness or misery. See <u>Calvinism</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*des"ti*na*tive</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Determining beforehand; predestinating.</def> [R.] <i>Coleridge.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*des"ti*na`tor</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>pr&eacute;destinateur</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who predestinates, or foreordains.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>One who holds to the doctrine of predestination; a predestinarian.</def> <i>Cowley.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*des"tine</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Predestined</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Predestining</u>.] [Cf. F. <i>pr&eacute;destiner</i>. See <u>Predestinate</u>.] <def>To decree beforehand; to foreordain; to predestinate.</def> <i>Young.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*des"ti*ny</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Predestination.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Pre`de*ter"mi*na*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Capable of being determined beforehand.</def> <i>Coleridge.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre`de*ter"mi*nate</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Determined beforehand; as, the <i>predeterminate</i> counsel of God.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre`de*ter`mi*na"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>pr&eacute;d&eacute;termination</i>.] <def>The act of previous determination; a purpose formed beforehand; as, the <i>predetermination</i> of God's will.</def> <i>Hammond.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre`de*ter"mine</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Predetermined</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Predermining</u>.] [Pref. <i>pre-</i> + <i>determine</i>: cf. F. <i>pr&eacute;d&eacute;terminer</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To determine (something) beforehand.</def> <i>Sir M. Hale.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To doom by previous decree; to foredoom.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre`de*ter"mine</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To determine beforehand.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre"di*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>praedium</i> a farm, estate: cf. F. <i>pr&eacute;dial</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Consisting of land or farms; landed; as, <i>predial</i> estate; that is, real estate.</def> <i>Ayliffe.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Attached to land or farms; as, <i>predial</i> slaves.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Issuing or derived from land; as, <i>predial</i> tithes.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*di`as*tol"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Physiol.)</i> <def>Preceding the diastole of the heart; as, a <i>prediastolic</i> friction sound.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pred`i*ca*bil"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality or state of being predicable, or affirmable of something, or attributed to something.</def> <i>Reid.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pred"i*ca*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>pr&eacute;dicable</i>, L. <i>praedicabilis</i> praiseworthy. See <u>Predicate</u>.] <def>Capable of being predicated or affirmed of something; affirmable; attributable.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pred"i*ca*ble</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Anything affirmable of another; especially, a general attribute or notion as affirmable of, or applicable to, many individuals.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Logic)</i> <def>One of the five most general relations of attributes involved in logical arrangements, namely, genus, species, difference, property, and accident.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*dic"a*ment</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>pr&eacute;dicament</i>, L. <i>praedicamentum</i>. See <u>Predicate</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A class or kind described by any definite marks; hence, condition; particular situation or state; especially, an unfortunate or trying position or condition.</def> "O woeful sympathy; piteous <i>predicament</i>!" <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Logic)</i> <def>See <u>Category</u>.</def></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Category; condition; state; plight.</p>

<p><hw>Pre*dic`a*men"tal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to a predicament.</def> <i>John Hall (1646).</i></p>

<p><hw>Pred"i*cant</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>praedicans</i>, <i>-antis</i>, p. pr. of <i>praedicare</i>. See <u>Predicate</u>.] <def>Predicating; affirming; declaring; proclaiming; hence; preaching.</def> "The Roman <i>predicant</i> orders." <i>N. Brit. Rev.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pred"i*cant</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who predicates, affirms, or proclaims; specifically, a preaching friar; a Dominican.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pred"i*cate</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Predicated</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Predicating</u>.] [L. <i>praedicatus</i>, p. p. of <i>praedicare</i> to cry in public, to proclaim. See <u>Preach</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To assert to belong to something; to affirm (one thing of another); as, to <i>predicate</i> whiteness of snow.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To found; to base.</def> [U.S.]</p>

<p>&fist; <i>Predicate</i> is sometimes used in the United States for <i>found</i> or <i>base</i>; as, to <i>predicate</i> an argument <i>on</i> certain principles; to <i>predicate</i> a statement <i>on</i> information received. <i>Predicate</i> is a term in logic, and used only in a single case, namely, when we affirm one thing <i>of</i> another. "Similitude is not <i>predicated</i> of essences or substances, but of figures and qualities only." <i>Cudworth.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pred"i*cate</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To affirm something of another thing; to make an affirmation.</def> <i>Sir M. Hale.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pred"i*cate</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>praedicatum</i>, neut. of <i>praedicatus</i>, p. p. <i>praedicare</i>: cf. F. <i>pr&eacute;dicat</i>. See <u>Predicate</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Logic)</i> <def>That which is affirmed or denied of the subject. In these propositions, "<i>Paper is white</i>," "<i>Ink is not white</i>," <i>whiteness</i> is the <i>predicate</i> affirmed of paper and denied of ink.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Gram.)</i> <def>The word or words in a proposition which express what is affirmed of the subject.</def></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Affirmation; declaration.</p>

<p><hw>Pred"i*cate</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>praedicatus</i>, p. p.] <def>Predicated.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pred`i*ca"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>praedicatio</i>: cf. F. <i>pr&eacute;dication</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of predicating, or of affirming one thing of another; affirmation; assertion.</def> <i>Locke.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Preaching.</def> [Obs. or Scot.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pred"i*ca*tive</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>praedicativus</i>.] <def>Expressing affirmation or predication; affirming; predicating, as, a <i>predicative</i> term.</def> — <wf>Pred"i*ca*tive*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Pred"i*ca*to*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. L. <i>praedicatorius</i> praising.] <def>Affirmative; positive.</def> <i>Bp. Hall.</i></p>

<p><! p. 1128 !></p>

<p><hw>Pre`di*crot"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Physiol.)</i> <def>A term applied to the pulse wave sometimes seen in a pulse curve or sphygmogram, between the apex of the curve and the dicrotic wave.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>predicrotic</i> or tidal wave is best marked in a hard pulse, <i>i. e.</i>, where the blood pressure is high.</blockquote> <i>Landois & Stirling.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*dict"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Predicted</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Predicting</u>.] [L. <i>praedictus</i>, p. p. of <i>praedicere</i> to predict; <i>prae</i> before + <i>dicere</i> to say, tell. See <u>Diction</u>, and cf. <u>Preach</u>.] <def>To tell or declare beforehand; to foretell; to prophesy; to presage; as, to <i>predict</i> misfortune; to <i>predict</i> the return of a comet.</def></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — To foretell; prophesy; prognosticate; presage; forebode; foreshow; bode.</p>

<p><hw>Pre*dict"</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A prediction.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*dict"a*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>That may be predicted.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*dic"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>praedictio</i>: cf. F. <i>pr&eacute;diction</i>.] <def>The act of foretelling; also, that which is foretold; prophecy.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>predictions</i> of cold and long winters.</blockquote> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Prophecy; prognostication; foreboding; augury; divination; soothsaying; vaticination.</p>

<p><hw>Pre*dic"tion*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Prophetic; prognostic.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Pre*dict"ive</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>praedictivus</i>.] <def>Foretelling; prophetic; foreboding.</def> - - <wf>Pre*dict"ive*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Pre*dict"or</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who predicts; a foreteller.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*dict"o*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Predictive.</def> [R.] <i>Fuller.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre`di*gest"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>To subject (food) to predigestion or artificial digestion.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre`di*ges"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Digestion too soon performed; hasty digestion.</def> [Obs.] <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Artificial digestion of food for use in illness or impaired digestion.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre`di*lect"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To elect or choose beforehand.</def> [R.] <i>Walter Harte.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre`di*lec"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>pre- </i> + L. <i>dilectus</i>, p. p. <i>diligere</i> to prefer: cf. F. <i>pr&eacute;dilection</i>. See <u>Diligent</u>.] <def>A previous liking; a prepossession of mind in favor of something; predisposition to choose or like; partiality.</def> <i>Burke.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre`dis*cov"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To discover beforehand.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre`dis*cov"er*y</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A previous discovery.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre`dis*po"nen*cy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The state of being predisposed; predisposition.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Pre`dis*po"nent</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Disposing beforehand; predisposing.</def> — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>That which predisposes.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Predisponent causes</b></col>. <i>(Med.)</i> <cd>See <i>Predisposing causes</i>, under <u>Predispose</u>.</cd> <i>Dunglison.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre`dis*pose"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Predisposed</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Predisposing</u>.] [Pref. <i>pre-</i> + <i>dispose</i>: cf. F. <i>pr&eacute;disposer</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To dispose or incline beforehand; to give a predisposition or bias to; as, to <i>predispose</i> the mind to friendship.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To make fit or susceptible beforehand; to give a tendency to; as, debility <i>predisposes</i> the body to disease.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Predisposing causes</b></col> <i>(Med.)</i>, <cd>causes which render the body liable to disease; predisponent causes.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pre*dis`po*si"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>[Pref. <i>pre- </i> + <i>disposition</i>: cf. F. <i>pr&eacute;disposition</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of predisposing, or the state of being predisposed; previous inclination, tendency, or propensity; predilection; — applied to the mind; as, a <i>predisposition</i> to anger.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Previous fitness or adaptation to any change, impression, or purpose; susceptibility; — applied to material things; as, the <i>predisposition</i> of the body to disease.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*dom"i*nance</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>pr&eacute;dominance</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The quality or state of being predominant; superiority; ascendency; prevalence; predomination.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>predominance</i> of conscience over interest.</blockquote> <i>South.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Astrol.)</i> <def>The superior influence of a planet.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*dom"i*nan*cy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Predominance.</def> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*dom"i*nant</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>pr&eacute;dominant</i>. See <u>Predominante</u>.] <def>Having the ascendency over others; superior in strength, influence, or authority; prevailing; as, a <i>predominant</i> color; <i>predominant</i> excellence.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Those help . . . were <i>predominant</i> in the king's mind.</blockquote> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Foul subordination is <i>predominant</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Prevalent; superior; prevailing; ascendant; ruling; reigning; controlling; overruling.</p>

<p><hw>Pre*dom"i*nant*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a predominant manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*dom"i*nate</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Predominated</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Predominating</u>.] [Pref. <i>pre-</i> + <i>dominate</i>: cf. F. <i>pr&eacute;dominer</i>.] <def>To be superior in number, strength, influence, or authority; to have controlling power or influence; to prevail; to rule; to have the mastery; as, love <i>predominated</i> in her heart.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>[Certain] rays may <i>predominate</i> over the rest.</blockquote> <i>Sir. I. Newton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*dom"i*nate</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To rule over; to overpower.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Pre*dom`i*na"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>pr&eacute;domination</i>.] <def>The act or state of predominating; ascendency; predominance.</def> <i>W. Browne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*doom"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To foredoom.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*dor"sal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Situated in front of the back; immediately in front, or on the ventral side the dorsal part of the vertebral column.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre"dy</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>pr&ecirc;t</i> ready.] <def>Cleared and ready for engagement, as a ship.</def> <i>Smart.</i></p>

<p><hw>Preed"y</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>With ease.</def> [Prov. Eng.]</p>

<p><hw>Preef</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Proof.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre`&euml;*lect"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To elect beforehand.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre`&euml;*lec"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Election beforehand.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*&euml;m"i*nence</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>pr&eacute;&eacute;minence</i>, L. <i>praeeminentia</i>. See <u>Pre&euml;minent</u>.] <def>The quality or state of being pre&euml;minent; superiority in prominence or in excellence; distinction above others in quality, rank, etc.; rarely, in a bad sense, superiority or notoriety in evil; as, <i>pre&euml;minence</i> in honor.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>pre&euml;minence</i> of Christianity to any other religious scheme.</blockquote> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Painful <i>pre&euml;minence</i>! yourself to view<BR> Above life's weakness, and its comforts too.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Beneath the forehead's walled <i>pre&euml;minence</i>.</blockquote> <i>Lowell.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*&euml;m"i*nent</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>praeminens</i>, <i>-entis</i>, p. pr. <i>praeminere</i> to be prominent, to surpass: cf. F. <i>pr&eacute;&eacute;minent</i>. See <u>Pre-</u>, and <u>Eminent</u>.] <def>Eminent above others; prominent among those who are eminent; superior in excellence; surpassing, or taking precedence of, others; rarely, surpassing others in evil, or in bad qualities; as, <i>pre&euml;minent</i> in guilt.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>In goodness and in power <i>pre&euml;minent</i>.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*&euml;m"i*nent*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a pre&euml;minent degree.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre`&euml;m*ploy</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To employ beforehand.</def> "<i>Pre&euml;mployed</i> by him." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*&euml;mpt"</hw> (?; 215), <pos><i>v. t. & i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Pre&euml;mpted</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Pre&euml;mpting</u>.] [See <u>Pre&euml;mption</u>.] <def>To settle upon (public land) with a right of preemption, as under the laws of the United States; to take by pre&euml;mption.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*&euml;mp"tion</hw> (?; 215), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>pre-</i> + <i>emption</i>: cf. F. <i>pr&eacute;emption</i>. See <u>Redeem</u>.] <def>The act or right of purchasing before others.</def> Specifically: <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The privilege or prerogative formerly enjoyed by the king of buying provisions for his household in preference to others.</def> [Eng.] <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The right of an actual settler upon public lands (particularly those of the United States) to purchase a certain portion at a fixed price in preference to all other applicants.</def> <i>Abbott.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*&euml;mp"tion*er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who holds a prior right to purchase certain public land.</def> <i>Abbott.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*&euml;mp"tive</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to pre&euml;mption; having power to pre&euml;mpt; pre&euml;mpting.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*&euml;mpt"or</hw> (?; 215), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. L. <i>praeemptor</i>.] <def>One who pre&euml;mpts; esp., one who pre&euml;mpts public land.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*&euml;mpt"o*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pertaining to pre&euml;mption.</def></p>

<p><hw>Preen</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>pre&oacute;n</i> a clasp, bodkin; akin to D. <i>priem</i> punch, bodkin, awl, G. <i>pfriem</i>, Icel. <i>prj&omacr;nn</i> a knitting needle, pin, Dan. <i>preen</i> a bodkin, punch.] <def>A forked tool used by clothiers in dressing cloth.</def></p>

<p><hw>Preen</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Preened</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Preening</u>.] [See <u>Preen</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; or cf. <u>Prune</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To dress with, or as with, a preen; to trim or dress with the beak, as the feathers; — said of birds.</def> <i>Derham.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To trim up, as trees.</def> [Prov. Eng.] <i>Halliwell.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre`&euml;n*gage"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Pre&euml;ngaged</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Pre&euml;ngaging</u> (?).] <def>To engage by previous contract; to bind or attach previously; to preoccupy.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>But he was <i>pre&euml;ngaged</i> by former ties.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre`&euml;n*gage"ment</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Prior engagement, obligation, or attachment, as by contract, promise, or affection.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>My <i>pre&euml;ngagements</i> to other themes were not unknown to those for whom I was to write.</blockquote> <i>Boyle.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre`&euml;*rect"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To erect beforehand.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prees</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Press; throng.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre`&euml;s*tab"lish</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To establish beforehand.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre`&euml;s*tab"lish*ment</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Settlement beforehand.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre`&euml;*ter"ni*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Infinite previous duration.</def> [R.] "The world's <i>pre&euml;ternity</i>." <i>Cudworth.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre`&euml;x*am`i*na"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Previous examination.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre`&euml;x*am"ine</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Pre&euml;xamined</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Pre&euml;xamining</u>.] <def>To examine beforehand.</def> </p>

<p><hw>Pre`&euml;x*ist"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Pre&euml;xisted</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Pre&euml;xisting</u>.] <def>To exist previously; to exist before something else.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre`&euml;x*ist"ence</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Existence in a former state, or previous to something else.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Wisdom declares her antiquity and <i>pre&euml;xistence</i> to all the works of this earth.</blockquote> <i>T. Burnet.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Existence of the soul before its union with the body; — a doctrine held by certain philosophers.</def> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre`&euml;x*ist"en*cy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Pre&euml;xistence.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Pre`&euml;x*ist"ent</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Existing previously; preceding existence; as, a <i>pre&euml;xistent</i> state.</def> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre`&euml;x*ist"ent*ism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Philos.)</i> <def>The theory of a pre&euml;xistence of souls before their association with human bodies.</def> <i>Emerson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre`&euml;x*is`ti*ma"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Previous esteem or estimation.</def> [Obs.] <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*&euml;x`pec*ta"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Previous expectation.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pref"ace</hw> (?; 48), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>pr&eacute;face</i>; cf. Sp. <i>prefacio</i>, <i>prefacion</i>, It. <i>prefazio</i>, <i>prefazione</i>; all fr. L. <i>praefatio</i>, fr. <i>praefari</i> to speak or say beforehand; <i>prae</i> before + <i>fari</i>, <i>fatus</i>, to speak. See <u>Fate</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Something spoken as introductory to a discourse, or written as introductory to a book or essay; a proem; an introduction, or series of preliminary remarks.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>This superficial tale<BR> Is but a <i>preface</i> of her worthy praise.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Heaven's high behest no <i>preface</i> needs.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(R. C. Ch.)</i> <def>The prelude or introduction to the canon of the Mass.</def> <i>Addis & Arnold.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Proper preface</b></col> <i>(Ch. of Eng. & Prot. Epis. Ch.)</i>, <cd>a portion of the communion service, preceding the prayer of consecration, appointed for certain seasons.</cd></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Introduction; preliminary; preamble; proem; prelude; prologue.</p>

<p><hw>Pref"ace</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Prefaced</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Prefacing</u>.] <def>To introduce by a preface; to give a preface to; as, to <i>preface</i> a book discourse.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pref"ace</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To make a preface.</def> <i>Jer. Taylor.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pref"a*cer</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The writer of a preface.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pref`a*to"ri*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Prefatory.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pref"a*to*ri*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a prefatory manner; by way of preface.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pref"a*to*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pertaining to, or of the nature of, a preface; introductory to a book, essay, or discourse; as, <i>prefatory</i> remarks.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>That <i>prefatory</i> addition to the Creed.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre"fect</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>praefectus</i>, fr. <i>praefectus</i>, p. p. of <i>praeficere</i> to set over; <i>prae</i> before + <i>facere</i> to make: cf. F. <i>pr&eacute;fet</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A Roman officer who controlled or superintended a particular command, charge, department, etc.; as, the <i>prefect</i> of the aqueducts; the <i>prefect</i> of a camp, of a fleet, of the city guard, of provisions; the pretorian <i>prefect</i>, who was commander of the troops guarding the emperor's person.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A superintendent of a department who has control of its police establishment, together with extensive powers of municipal regulation.</def> [France] <i>Brande & C.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>In the Greek and Roman Catholic churches, a title of certain dignitaries below the rank of bishop.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Apostolic prefect</b></col> <i>(R. C. Ch.)</i>, <cd>the head of a mission, not of episcopal rank.</cd> <i>Shipley.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre`fec*to"ri*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to a prefect.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre"fect*ship</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The office or jurisdiction of a prefect.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre"fec*ture</hw> (?; 277), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>praefectura</i>: cf. F. <i>pr&eacute;fecture</i>.] <def>The office, position, or jurisdiction of a prefect; also, his official residence.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*fec`un*da"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Physiol.)</i> <def>A term collectively applied to the changes or conditions preceding fecundation, especially to the changes which the ovum undergoes before fecundation.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre`fe*cun"da*to*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to prefecundation.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*fer"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Preferred</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Preferring</u>.] [F. <i>pr&eacute;f&eacute;rer</i>, L. <i>praeferre</i>; <i>prae</i> before + <i>ferre</i> to bear or carry. See 1st <u>Bear</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To carry or bring (something) forward, or before one; hence, to bring for consideration, acceptance, judgment, etc.; to offer; to present; to proffer; to address; — said especially of a request, prayer, petition, claim, charge, etc.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He spake, and to her hand <i>preferred</i> the bowl.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Presently <i>prefer</i> his suit to C&aelig;sar.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Three tongues <i>prefer</i> strange orisons on high.</blockquote> <i>Byron.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To go before, or be before, in estimation; to outrank; to surpass.</def> [Obs.] "Though maidenhood <i>prefer</i> bigamy." <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To cause to go before; hence, to advance before others, as to an office or dignity; to raise; to exalt; to promote; as, to <i>prefer</i> an officer to the rank of general.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I would <i>prefer</i> him to a better place.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To set above or before something else in estimation, favor, or liking; to regard or honor before another; to hold in greater favor; to choose rather; — often followed by <i>to</i>, <i>before</i>, or <i>above</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>If I <i>prefer</i> not Jerusalem above my chief joy.</blockquote> <i>Ps. cxxxvii. 6.</i></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Preferred</i> an infamous peace before a most just war.</blockquote> <i>Knolles.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Preferred stock</b></col>, <cd>stock which takes a dividend before other capital stock; — called also <i>preference stock</i> and <i>preferential stock</i>.</cd></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — To choose; elect. See <u>Choose</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Pref`er*a*bil"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality or state of being preferable; preferableness.</def> <i>J. S. Mill.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pref"er*a*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>pr&eacute;f&eacute;rable</i>.] <def>Worthy to be preferred or chosen before something else; more desirable; as, a <i>preferable</i> scheme.</def> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pref"er*a*ble*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality or state of being preferable.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pref"er*a*bly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In preference; by choice.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>To choose Plautus <i>preferably</i> to Terence.</blockquote> <i>Dennis.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pref"er*ence</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>pr&eacute;f&eacute;rence</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of Preferring, or the state of being preferred; the setting of one thing before another; precedence; higher estimation; predilection; choice; also, the power or opportunity of choosing; as, to give him his <i>preference</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Leave the critics on either side to contend about the <i>preference</i> due to this or that sort of poetry.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Knowledge of things alone gives a value to our reasonings, and <i>preference</i> of one man's knowledge over another's.</blockquote> <i>Locke.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>That which is preferred; the object of choice or superior favor; as, which is your <i>preference</i>?</def></p>

<p><hw>Pref`er*en"tial</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Giving, indicating, or having a preference or precedence; as, a <i>preferential</i> claim; <i>preferential</i> shares.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*fer"ment</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of choosing, or the state of being chosen; preference.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Natural <i>preferment</i> of the one . . . before the other.</blockquote> <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The act of preferring, or advancing in dignity or office; the state of being advanced; promotion.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Neither royal blandishments nor promises of valuable <i>preferment</i> had been spared.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A position or office of honor or profit; as, the <i>preferments</i> of the church.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*fer"rer</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who prefers.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pref"i*dence</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality or state of being prefident.</def> [Obs.] <i>Baxter.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pref"i*dent</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. L. <i>praefidens</i> overconfident. See <u>Pre-</u>, and <u>Confident</u>.] <def>Trusting beforehand; hence, overconfident.</def> [Obs.] <i>Baxter.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*fig"u*rate</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [L. <i>praefiguratus</i>, p. p. See <u>Prefigure</u>.] <def>To prefigure.</def> [R.] <i>Grafton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*fig`u*ra"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>praefiguratio</i>.] <def>The act of prefiguring, or the state of being prefigured.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A variety of prophecies and <i>prefigurations</i>.</blockquote> <i>Norris.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*fig"ur*a*tive</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Showing by prefiguration.</def> "The <i>prefigurative</i> atonement." <i>Bp. Horne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*fig"ure</hw> (?; 135), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Prefigured</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Prefiguring</u>.] [F. <i>pr&eacute;figurer</i>, or L. <i>praefigurare</i>, <i>praefiguratum</i>; <i>prae</i> before + <i>figurare</i> to figure. See <u>Figure</u>, and cf. <u>Prefigurate</u>.] <def>To show, suggest, or announce, by antecedent types and similitudes; to foreshadow.</def> "Whom all the various types <i>prefigured</i>." <i>South.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*fig"ure*ment</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The act of prefiguring; prefiguration; also, that which is prefigured.</def> <i>Carlyle.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*fine"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [L. <i>praefinire</i>; <i>prae</i> before + <i>finire</i> to limit, determine: cf. F. <i>pr&eacute;finer</i>.] <def>To limit beforehand.</def> [Obs.] <i>Knolles.</i></p>

<p><! p. 1129 !></p>

<p><hw>Pre*fi"nite</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>praefinitus</i>, p. p.] <def>Prearranged.</def> [Obs.] " Set and <i>prefinite</i> time." <i>Holland.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pref`i*ni"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>praefinitio</i>.] <def>Previous limitation.</def> [Obs.] <i>Fotherby.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*fix"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Prefixed</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Prefixing</u>.] [L. <i>praefixus</i>, p. p. of <i>praefigere</i> to fix or fasten before; <i>prae</i> before + <i>figere</i> to fix: cf. F. <i>pr</i>&eacute;<i>fix</i> fixed beforehand, determined, <i>pr</i>&eacute;<i>fixer</i> to prefix. See Fix.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To put or fix before, or at the beginning of, another thing; as, to <i>prefix</i> a syllable to a word, or a condition to an agreement.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To set or appoint beforehand; to settle or establish antecedently.</def> [Obs.] " <i>Prefixed</i> bounds. " <i>Locke.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>And now he hath to her <i>prefixt</i> a day.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre"fix</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>pr</i>&eacute;<i>fixe</i>.] <def>That which is prefixed; esp., one or more letters or syllables combined or united with the beginning of a word to modify its signification; as, <i>pre-</i> in <i>pre</i>fix, <i>con-</i> in <i>con</i>jure.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*fix"ion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. OF. <i>prefixion</i>.] <def>The act of prefixing.</def> [R.] <i>Bailey.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre`flo*ra"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>pre- </i> + L. <i>flos</i>, <i>floris</i>, flower.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>&AElig;stivation.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*fo`li*a"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>pre- </i> + L. <i>folium</i> leaf.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Vernation.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*form"</hw> (&?;), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [L. <i>praeformare</i>. See <u>Pre-</u>, and <u>Form</u>.] <def>To form beforehand, or for special ends.</def> "Their natures and <i>preformed</i> faculties. " <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre`for*ma"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>An old theory of the pre&euml;xistence of germs. Cf. <u>Embo&icirc;tement</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*form"a*tive</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A formative letter at the beginning of a word.</def> <i>M. Stuart.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*fron"tal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Anat. & Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Situated in front of the frontal bone, or the frontal region of the skull; ectethmoid, as a certain bone in the nasal capsule of many animals, and certain scales of reptiles and fishes.</def> — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A prefrontal bone or scale.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*ful"gen*cy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>praefulgens</i>, p. pr. of <i>praefulgere</i> to shine forth. See <u>Pre-</u>, and <u>Fulgent</u>.] <def>Superior brightness or effulgency.</def> [R.] <i>Barrow.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*gage"</hw> (&?;), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To pre&euml;ngage.</def> [Obs.] <i>Fuller.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*gla"cial</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Geol.)</i> <def>Prior to the glacial or drift period.</def></p>

<p><hw>Preg"na*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos>, [F. <i>prenable</i>. See <u>Impregnable</u>.] <def>Capable of being entered, taken, or captured; expugnable; as, a <i>pregnable</i> fort.</def> [R.] <i>Cotgrave.</i></p>

<p><hw>Preg"nance</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Pregnancy.</def> [Obs.] <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Preg"nan*cy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The condition of being pregnant; the state of being with young.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Figuratively: The quality of being heavy with important contents, issue, significance, etc.; unusual consequence or capacity; fertility.</def> <i>Fuller.</i></p>

<p><hw>Preg"nant</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>praegnans</i>, <i>-antis</i>; <i>prae</i> before + <i>genere</i>, <i>gignere</i>, to beget: cf. F. <i>pr&eacute;gnant</i>. See <u>Gender</u>, 2d <u>Kin</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Being with young, as a female; having conceived; great with young; breeding; teeming; gravid; preparing to bring forth.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Heavy with important contents, significance, or issue; full of consequence or results; weighty; as, <i>pregnant</i> replies.</def> " A <i>pregnant</i> argument." <i>Prynne.</i> " A <i>pregnant</i> brevity." <i>E. Everett.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Full of promise; abounding in ability, resources, etc.; as, a <i>pregnant</i> youth.</def> [Obs.] <i>Evelyn.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Wherein the <i>pregnant</i> enemy does much.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Pregnant construction</b></col> <i>(Rhet.)</i>, <cd>one in which more is implied than is said; as, the beasts <i>trembled forth</i> from their dens, that is, came forth trembling with fright.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Preg"nant</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A pregnant woman.</def> [R.] <i>Dunglison.</i></p>

<p><hw>Preg"nant</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [F. <i>prenant</i> taking. Cf. <u>Pregnable</u>.] <def>Affording entrance; receptive; yielding; willing; open; prompt.</def> [Obs.] " <i>Pregnant</i> to good pity." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Preg"nant*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a pregnant manner; fruitfully; significantly.</def></p>

<p><hw>Preg"nant*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>Unresistingly; openly; hence, clearly; evidently.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre"gra*vate</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [L. <i>praegravatus</i>, p. p. of <i>praegravare</i> to be heavy upon, fr. <i>praegravis</i> very heavy.] <def>To bear down; to depress.</def> [Obs.] <i>Bp. Hall.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*grav"i*tate</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To descend by gravity; to sink.</def> [R.] <i>Boyle.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*gus"tant</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>praegustans</i>, p. pr. of <i>praegustare</i> to taste beforehand; <i>prae</i> before + <i>gustare</i> to taste.] <def>Tasting beforehand; having a foretaste.</def> [R.] <i>Ed. Rev.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre`gus*ta"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The act of tasting beforehand; foretaste.</def> [R.] <i>Dr. Walker (1678).</i></p>

<p><hw>||Pre*hal"lux</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Pre- </u>, and <u>Hallux</u>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>An extra first toe, or rudiment of a toe, on the preaxial side of the hallux.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*hend"</hw> (&?;), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [L. <i>prehendere</i>. See <u>Prehensile</u>.] <def>To lay hold of; to seize.</def> [Obs.] <i>Middleton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*hen"si-ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>pr&eacute;hensible</i>.] <def>Capable of being seized.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*hen"sile</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>prehensus</i>, p. p. of <i>prehendere</i> to lay hold of, seize; <i>pre-</i> (equiv. to <i>prae</i> before) + <i>hendere</i> (in comp.), akin to E. <i>get</i>: cf. F. <i>pr&eacute;hensile</i>. See <u>Get</u>, and cf. <u>Prison</u>, <u>Prize</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <def>Adapted to seize or grasp; seizing; grasping; as, the <i>prehensile</i> tail of a monkey.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*hen"sion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>prehensio</i>; cf. F. <i>pr&eacute;hension</i>. See <u>Prehensile</u>.] <def>The act of taking hold, seizing, or grasping, as with the hand or other member.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*hen"so*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Adapted to seize or grasp; prehensile.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre`his*tor"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to a period before written history begins; as, the <i>prehistoric</i> ages; <i>prehistoric</i> man.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prehn"ite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [So called from the German Colonel <i>Prehn</i>, who first found it.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>A pale green mineral occurring in crystalline aggregates having a botryoidal or mammillary structure, and rarely in distinct crystals. It is a hydrous silicate of alumina and lime.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prehn*it"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, a tetrabasic acid of benzene obtained as a white crystalline substance; — probably so called from the resemblance of the wartlike crystals to the mammill&aelig; on the surface of prehnite.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre`in*des"ig*nate</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Logic.)</i> <def>Having no sign expressive of quantity; indefinite. See <u>Predesignate</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*in`dis*pose"</hw> (&?;), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To render indisposed beforehand.</def> <i>Milman.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre`in*struct"</hw> (&?;), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Preinstructed</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Preinstructing</u>.] <def>To instruct previously or beforehand.</def> <i>Dr. H. More.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*in`ti*ma"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Previous intimation; a suggestion beforehand.</def> <i>T. Scott.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*judge"</hw> (&?;), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Prejudged</u> (&?;); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Prejudging</u>.] [Pref. <i>pre</i> + <i>judge</i>: cf. F. <i>pr&eacute;juger</i>. Cf. <u>Prejudicate</u>, <u>Prejudice</u>.] <def>To judge before hearing, or before full and sufficient examination; to decide or sentence by anticipation; to condemn beforehand.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The committee of council hath <i>prejudged</i> the whole case, by calling the united sense of both houses of Parliament" a universal clamor."</blockquote> <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*judg"ment</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The act of prejudging; decision before sufficient examination.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*ju"di*ca*cy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Prejudice; prepossession.</def> [Obs.] <i>Sir. H. Blount.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*ju"di*cal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to the determination of some matter not previously decided; as, a <i>prejudical</i> inquiry or action at law.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*ju"di*cant</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>praejudicans</i>, p. pr.] <def>Influenced by prejudice; biased.</def> [R.] " With not too hasty and <i>prejudicant</i> ears." <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*ju"di*cate</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>praejudicatus</i>, p. p. of <i>praejudicare</i> to prejudge; <i>prae</i> before + <i>judicare</i> to judge. See <u>Judge</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Formed before due examination.</def> "Ignorance and <i>prejudicate</i> opinions." <i>Jer. Taylor.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Biased by opinions formed prematurely; prejudiced.</def> "<i>Prejudicate</i> readers." <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*ju"di*cate</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Prejudicated</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Prejudicating</u>.] [Cf. <u>Prejudge</u>.] <def>To determine beforehand, especially to disadvantage; to prejudge.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Our dearest friend<BR> <i>Prejudicates</i> the business.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*ju"di*cate</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To prejudge.</def> <i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*ju"di*cate*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>With prejudice.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*ju`di*ca"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of prejudicating, or of judging without due examination of facts and evidence; prejudgment.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Rom. Law)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A preliminary inquiry and determination about something which belongs to a matter in dispute.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A previous treatment and decision of a point; a precedent.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*ju"di*ca*tive</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Forming a judgment without due examination; prejudging.</def> <i>Dr. H. More.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prej"u*dice</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>pr&eacute;judice</i>, L. <i>praejudicium</i>; <i>prae</i> before + <i>judicium</i> judgment. See <u>Prejudicate</u>, <u>Judicial</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Foresight.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Naught might hinder his quick <i>prejudize</i>.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>An opinion or judgment formed without due examination; prejudgment; a leaning toward one side of a question from other considerations than those belonging to it; an unreasonable predilection for, or objection against, anything; especially, an opinion or leaning adverse to anything, without just grounds, or before sufficient knowledge.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Though often misled by <i>prejudice</i> and passion, he was emphatically an honest man.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Law)</i> <def>A bias on the part of judge, juror, or witness which interferes with fairness of judgment.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Mischief; hurt; damage; injury; detriment.</def> <i>Locke.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>England and France might, through their amity,<BR> Breed him some <i>prejudice</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Prejudgment; prepossession; bias; harm; hurt; damage; detriment; mischief; disadvantage.</p>

<p><hw>Prej"u*dice</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Prejudiced</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Prejudicing</u> (?).] [Cf. F. <i>pr&eacute;judicier</i>. See <u>Prejudice</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To cause to have prejudice; to prepossess with opinions formed without due knowledge or examination; to bias the mind of, by hasty and incorrect notions; to give an unreasonable bent to, as to one side or the other of a cause; as, to <i>prejudice</i> a critic or a juryman.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Suffer not any beloved study to <i>prejudice</i> your mind so far as to despise all other learning.</blockquote> <i>I. Watts</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To obstruct or injure by prejudices, or by previous bias of the mind; hence, generally, to hurt; to damage; to injure; to impair; as, to <i>prejudice</i> a good cause.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Seek how may <i>prejudice</i> the foe.</blockquote> <i>Shak</i></p>

<p><hw>Prej`u*di"cial</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>praejudicialis</i> belonging to a preceding judgment: cf. F. <i>pr&eacute;judiciel</i>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Biased, possessed, or blinded by prejudices; as, to look with a <i>prejudicial</i> eye.</def> [Obs.] <i>Holyday.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Tending to obstruct or impair; hurtful; injurious; disadvantageous; detrimental.</def> <i>Hooker.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>His going away . . . was most <i>prejudicial</i> and most ruinous to the king's affairs.</blockquote> <i>Clarendon.</i></p>

<p>— <wf>Prej`u*di"cial*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Prej`u*di"cial*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Pre*knowl"edge</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Prior knowledge.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prel"a*cy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Prelacies</b></plw> (#). [LL. <i>praelatia</i>. See <u>Prelate</u>; cf. <u>Prelaty</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The office or dignity of a prelate; church government by prelates.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Prelacies may be termed the greater benefices.</blockquote> <i>Ayliffe.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The order of prelates, taken collectively; the body of ecclesiastical dignitaries.</def> "Divers of the reverend <i>prelacy</i>, and other most judicious men." <i>Hooker.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre"lal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>prelum</i> a press.] <def>Of or pertaining to printing; typographical.</def> [Obs.] <i>Fuller.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prel"ate</hw> (?; 48), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>pr&eacute;lat</i>, LL. <i>praelatus</i>, fr. L. <i>praelatus</i>, used as p. p. of <i>praeferre</i> to prefer, but from a different root. See <u>Elate</u>.] <def>A clergyman of a superior order, as an archbishop or a bishop, having authority over the lower clergy; a dignitary of the church.</def></p>

<p>&fist; This word and the words derived from it are often used invidiously, in English ecclesiastical history, by dissenters, respecting the Established Church system.</p>

<p><blockquote>Hear him but reason in divinity, . . . <BR> You would desire the king were made a <i>prelate</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prel"ate</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To act as a prelate.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Right <i>prelating</i> is busy laboring, and not lording.</blockquote> <i>Latimer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prel`a*te"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Prelacy.</def> [Obs.] <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prel"ate*ship</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The office of a prelate.</def> <i>Harmar.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prel"a*tess</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A woman who is a prelate; the wife of a prelate.</def> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*la"tial</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Prelatical.</def> <i>Beaconsfield.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pre*lat"ic</hw> (?), <hw>Pre*lat"ic*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to prelates or prelacy; as, <i>prelatical</i> authority.</def> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*lat"ic*al*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a prelatical manner; with reference to prelates.</def> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The last Georgic was a good <i>prelude</i> to the &AElig;neis.</blockquote></p>

<p><hw>Pre*la"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>praelatio</i>: cf. F. <i>pr&eacute;lation</i>. See <u>Prelate</u>, and cf. <u>Prefer</u>.] <def>The setting of one above another; preference.</def> [R.] <i>Jer. Taylor.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prel"a*tism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Prelacy; episcopacy.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prel"a*tist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who supports of advocates prelacy, or the government of the church by prelates; hence, a high-churchman.</def> <i>Hume.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>I am an Episcopalian, but not a <i>prelatist</i>.</blockquote> <i>T. Scott.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prel"a*tize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Prelatized</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Prelatizing</u> (?).] <def>To bring under the influence of prelacy.</def> <i>Palfrey.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prel"a*tize</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To uphold or encourage prelacy; to exercise prelatical functions.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>An episcopacy that began then to <i>prelatize</i>.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prel"a*try</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Prelaty; prelacy.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p>{ <hw>Prel"a*ture</hw> (?; 135), <hw>Prel"a*ture*ship</hw> }, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>pr&eacute;lature</i>, or LL. <i>praelatura</i>.] <def>The state or dignity of a prelate; prelacy.</def> <i>Milman.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prel"a*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Prelacy.</def> [Obs.] <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*lect"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Prelected</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Prelecting</u>.] [L. <i>praelectus</i>, p. p. of <i>praelegere</i> to read before. See <u>Pre-</u>, and <u>Lection</u>.] <def>To read publicly, as a lecture or discourse.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*lect"</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To discourse publicly; to lecture.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Spitting . . . was publicly <i>prelected</i> upon.</blockquote> <i>De. Quincey.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>To <i>prelect</i> upon the military art.</blockquote> <i>Bp. Horsley.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*lec"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>praelectio</i>.] <def>A lecture or discourse read in public or to a select company.</def> "The <i>prelections</i> of Faber." <i>Sir M. Hale.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*lec"tor</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>praelector</i>.] <def>A reader of lectures or discourses; a lecturer.</def> <i>Sheldon.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre`li*ba"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>praelibatio</i>, fr. <i>praelibare</i> to taste beforehand: cf. F. <i>prelibation</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A tasting beforehand, or by anticipation; a foretaste; as, a <i>prelibation</i> of heavenly bliss.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A pouring out, or libation, before tasting.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*lim"i*na*ri*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a preliminary manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*lim"i*na*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>pre</i> + L. <i>liminaris</i> belonging to a threshold, fr. <i>limen</i>, <i>liminis</i>, threshold, entrance: cf. F. <i>pr&eacute;liminaire</i>. Cf. <u>Limit</u>.] <def>Introductory; previous; preceding the main discourse or business; prefatory; as, <i>preliminary</i> observations to a discourse or book; <i>preliminary</i> articles to a treaty; <i>preliminary</i> measures; <i>preliminary</i> examinations.</def></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Introductory; preparatory; prefatory; proemial; previous; prior; precedent; antecedent.</p>

<p><hw>Pre*lim"i*na*ry</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Preliminaries</b></plw> (&?;). <def>That which precedes the main discourse, work, design, or business; something introductory or preparatory; as, the <i>preliminaries</i> to a negotiation or duel; to take one's <i>preliminaries</i> the year before entering college.</def></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Introduction; preface; prelude.</p>

<p><hw>Pre*lim"it</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To limit previously.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Pre*look"</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To look forward.</def> [Obs.] <i>Surrey.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre"lude</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>pr&eacute;lude</i> (cf. It. <i>preludio</i>, LL. <i>praeludium</i>), fr. L. <i>prae</i> before + <i>ludus</i> play. See <u>Prelude</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>] <def>An introductory performance, preceding and preparing for the principal matter; a preliminary part, movement, strain, etc.; especially <i>(Mus.)</i>, a strain introducing the theme or chief subject; a movement introductory to a fugue, yet independent; — with recent composers often synonymous with <i>overture</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The last Georgic was a good <i>prelude</i> to the &AElig;nis</blockquote> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The cause is more than the <i>prelude</i>, the effect is more than the sequel, of the fact.</blockquote> <i>Whewell.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Preface; introduction; preliminary; preamble; forerunner; harbinger; precursor.</p>

<p><hw>Pre*lude"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Preluded</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Preluding</u>.] [L. <i>praeludere</i>, <i>praelusum</i>; <i>prae</i> before + <i>ludere</i> to play: cf. F. <i>pr&eacute;luder</i>. See <u>Ludicrous</u>.] <def>To play an introduction or prelude; to give a prefatory performance; to serve as prelude.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The musicians <i>preluded</i> on their instruments.</blockquote> <i>Sir. W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>We are <i>preluding</i> too largely, and must come at once to the point.</blockquote> <i>Jeffrey.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*lude"</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To introduce with a previous performance; to play or perform a prelude to; as, to <i>prelude</i> a concert with a lively air.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To serve as prelude to; to precede as introductory.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>[Music] <i>preluding</i> some great tragedy.</blockquote> <i>Longfellow</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*lud"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who, or that which, preludes; one who plays a prelude.</def> <i>Mason.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*lud"i*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to a prelude; of the nature of a prelude; introductory.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Pre*lud"i*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Preludial.</def> [R.] <i>Dr. H. More.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*lum"bar</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Situated immediately in front of the loins; — applied to the dorsal part of the abdomen.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*lu"sive</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See <u>Prelude</u>.] <def>Of the nature of a prelude; introductory; indicating that something of a like kind is to follow.</def> "<i>Prelusive</i> drops." <i>Thomson.</i> —<wf>Pre*lu"sive*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Pre*lu"so*ri*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a prelusory way.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*lu"so*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Introductory; prelusive.</def> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><! p. 1130 !></p>

<p><hw>Pre`ma*ture"</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>praematurus</i>; <i>prae</i> before + <i>maturus</i> ripe. See <u>Mature</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Mature or ripe before the proper time; as, the <i>premature</i> fruits of a hotbed.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Happening, arriving, existing, or performed before the proper or usual time; adopted too soon; too early; untimely; as, a <i>premature</i> fall of snow; a <i>premature</i> birth; a <i>premature</i> opinion; <i>premature</i> decay.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Arriving or received without due authentication or evidence; as, a <i>premature</i> report.</def></p>

<p>— <wf>Pre`ma*ture"ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Pre`ma*ture"ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Pre`ma*tu"ri*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>pr&eacute;maturit&eacute;</i>.] <def>The quality or state of being premature; early, or untimely, ripeness; as, the <i>prematurity</i> of genius.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pre"max*il"la</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Premaxill&aelig;</b></plw> (#). [NL. See <u>Pre-</u>, and <u>Maxilla</u>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>A bone on either side of the middle line between the nose and mouth, forming the anterior part of each half of the upper jawbone; the intermaxilla. In man the premaxill&aelig; become united and form the incisor part of the maxillary bone.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*max"il*la*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Situated in front of the maxillary bones; pertaining to the premaxill&aelig;; intermaxillary.</def> — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A premaxilla.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*me"di*ate</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To advocate.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Pre*med"i*tate</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Premeditated</u> (-t&amacr;`t?d); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Premeditating</u>.] [L. <i>praemeditatus</i>, p. p. of <i>praemeditari</i>; <i>prae</i> before + <i>meditari</i> to meditate. See <u>Meditate</u>.] <def>To think on, and revolve in the mind, beforehand; to contrive and design previously; as, to <i>premeditate</i> robbery.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>With words <i>premeditated</i> thus he said.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*med"i*tate</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To think, consider, deliberate, or revolve in the mind, beforehand.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*med"i*tate</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>praemeditatus</i>, p. p.] <def>Premeditated; deliberate.</def> [Archaic] <i>Bp. Burnet.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*med"i*tate*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>With premeditation.</def> <i>Burke.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*med`i*ta"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>praemeditatio</i>: cf. F. <i>pr&eacute;m&eacute;ditation</i>.] <def>The act of meditating or contriving beforehand; previous deliberation; forethought.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*mer"it</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To merit or deserve beforehand.</def> [Obs.] <i>Eikon Basi&?;&?;ke.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pre"mi*al</hw> (?), <hw>Pre"mi*ant</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>praemialis</i>. See <u>Premium</u>.] <def>Serving to reward; rewarding.</def> [R.] <i>Baxter.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prem"i*ces</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [F. <i>pr&eacute;mices</i>, L. <i>primitiae</i>. See <u>Primitia</u>.] <def>First fruits.</def> [Obs.] <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre"mi*er</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [F. <i>premier</i>, fr. L. <i>primarius</i> of the first rank, principal, fr. <i>primus</i> the first. See <u>Primary</u>, <u>Prime</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>First; chief; principal; as, the <i>premier</i> place; <i>premier</i> minister.</def> <i>Camden. Swift.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Most ancient; — said of the peer bearing the oldest title of his degree.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre"mi*er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The first minister of state; the prime minister.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre"mi*er*ship</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The office of the premier.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre`mil*len"ni*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Previous to the millennium.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre"mi*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>praemiosus</i>, fr. <i>praemium</i> a premium.] <def>Rich in gifts.</def> [R.] <i>Clarke.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prem"ise</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Premises</b></plw> (&?;). [Written also, less properly, <i>premiss</i>.] [F. <i>pr&eacute;misse</i>, fr. L. <i>praemissus</i>, p. p. of <i>praemittere</i> to send before; <i>prae</i> before + <i>mittere</i> to send. See <u>Mission</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A proposition antecedently supposed or proved; something previously stated or assumed as the basis of further argument; a condition; a supposition.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>premises</i> observed,<BR> Thy will by my performance shall be served.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Logic)</i> <def>Either of the first two propositions of a syllogism, from which the conclusion is drawn.</def></p>

<p> "All sinners deserve punishment: A B is a sinner."</p>

<p>These propositions, which are the <i>premises</i>, being true or admitted, the conclusion follows, that A B deserves punishment.</p>

<p><blockquote>While the <i>premises</i> stand firm, it is impossible to shake the conclusion.</blockquote> <i>Dr. H. More.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>pl.</i> <i>(Law)</i> <def>Matters previously stated or set forth; esp., that part in the beginning of a deed, the office of which is to express the grantor and grantee, and the land or thing granted or conveyed, and all that precedes the <i>habendum</i>; the thing demised or granted.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>pl.</i> <def>A piece of real estate; a building and its adjuncts; as, to lease <i>premises</i>; to trespass on another's <i>premises</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*mise"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Premised</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Premising</u>.] [From L. <i>praemissus</i>, p. p., or E. <i>premise</i>, n. See <u>Premise</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To send before the time, or beforehand; hence, to cause to be before something else; to employ previously.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>premised</i> flames of the last day.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>If venesection and a cathartic be <i>premised</i>.</blockquote> <i>E. Darwin.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To set forth beforehand, or as introductory to the main subject; to offer previously, as something to explain or aid in understanding what follows; especially, to lay down premises or first propositions, on which rest the subsequent reasonings.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I <i>premise</i> these particulars that the reader may know that I enter upon it as a very ungrateful task.</blockquote> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*mise"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To make a premise; to set forth something as a premise.</def> <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prem"iss</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Premise.</def> <i>Whately. I. Watts</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*mit"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To premise.</def> [Obs.] <i>Donne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre"mi*um</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Premiums</b></plw> (#). [L. <i>praemium</i>, originally, what one has got before or better than others; <i>prae</i> before + <i>emere</i> to take, buy. See <u>Redeem</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A reward or recompense; a prize to be won by being before another, or others, in a competition; reward or prize to be adjudged; a bounty; as, a <i>premium</i> for good behavior or scholarship, for discoveries, etc.</def></p>

<p><blockquote> To think it not the necessity, but the <i>premium</i> and privilege of life, to eat and sleep without any regard to glory.</blockquote> <i>Burke.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The law that obliges parishes to support the poor offers a <i>premium</i> for the encouragement of idleness.</blockquote> <i>Franklin.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Something offered or given for the loan of money; bonus; — sometimes synonymous with <i>interest</i>, but generally signifying a sum in addition to the capital.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>People were tempted to lend, by great <i>premiums</i> and large interest.</blockquote> <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A sum of money paid to underwriters for insurance, or for undertaking to indemnify for losses of any kind.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>A sum in advance of, or in addition to, the nominal or par value of anything; as, gold was at a <i>premium</i>; he sold his stock at a <i>premium</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*mo"lar</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Situated in front of the molar teeth.</def> — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>An anterior molar tooth which has replaced a deciduous molar. See <u>Tooth</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*mon"ish</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Premonished</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Premonishing</u>.] [Pref. <i>pre-</i> + <i>monish</i>: cf. L. <i>praemonere</i>.] <def>To forewarn; to admonish beforehand.</def> [R.] <i>Herrick.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>To teach, and to <i>premonish</i>.</blockquote> <i>Bk. of Com. Prayer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*mon"ish*ment</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Previous warning or admonition; forewarning.</def> <i>Sir H. Wotton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre`mo*ni"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>praemonitio</i>. See <u>Premonish</u>.] <def>Previous warning, notice, or information; forewarning; as, a <i>premonition</i> of danger.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*mon"i*tor</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>praemonitor</i>.] <def>One who, or that which, gives premonition.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*mon"i*to*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>praemonitorius</i>.] <def>Giving previous warning or notice; as, <i>premonitory</i> symptoms of disease.</def> — <wf>Pre*mon"i*to*ri*ly</wf> (#), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Pre*mon"strant</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A Premonstratensian.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*mon"strate</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [L. <i>praemonstratus</i>, p. p. of <i>praemonstrare</i>; <i>prae</i> before + <i>monstrate</i> to show.] <def>To show beforehand; to foreshow.</def> [R.] <i>Herbert.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*mon`stra*ten"sian</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>pr&eacute;montr&eacute;</i>, fr. <i>Pr&eacute;montr&eacute;</i>, fr. L. <i>pratum monstratum</i>.] <i>(R. C. Ch.)</i> <def>One of a religious order of regular canons founded by St. Norbert at Pr&eacute;montr&eacute;, in France, in 1119. The members of the order are called also <i>White Canons</i>, <i>Norbertines</i>, and <i>Premonstrants</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre`mon*stra"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>praemonstratio</i>.] <def>A showing beforehand; foreshowing.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*mon"stra*tor</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>praemonstrator</i>.] <def>One who, or that which, premonstrates.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Pre*morse"</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>praemorsus</i>, p. p. of <i>praemordere</i> to bite off; <i>prae</i> before + <i>mordere</i> to bite.] <def>Terminated abruptly, or as it bitten off.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Premorse root</b></col> or <col><b>leaves</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>such as have an abrupt, ragged, and irregular termination, as if bitten off short.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pre`mo*sa"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Relating to the time before Moses; as, <i>premosaic</i> history.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*mo"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>pre-</i> + <i>motion</i>.] <def>Previous motion or excitement to action.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prem`u*ni"re</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Law)</i> <def>See <u>Pr&aelig;munire</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prem`u*nite"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [L. <i>praemunitus</i>, p. p. of <i>praemunire</i> to fortify in front; <i>prae</i> before + <i>munire</i> to fortify.] <def>To fortify beforehand; to guard against objection.</def> [Obs.] <i>Fotherby.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre`mu*ni"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>praemunitio</i>: cf. F. <i>pr&eacute;munition</i>.] <def>The act of fortifying or guarding against objections.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Pre*mu"ni*to*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to a premunire; as, a <i>premunitory</i> process.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*na"sal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Situated in front of the nose, or in front of the nasal chambers.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*na"tal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Being or happening before birth.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pren"der</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>prendre</i> to take, fr. L. <i>prehendere</i> to take.] <i>(Law)</i> <def>The power or right of taking a thing before it is offered.</def> <i>Burrill.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*no"men</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Pr&aelig;nomen</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*nom"i*nal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Serving as a prefix in a compound name.</def> <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*nom"i*nate</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>praenominatus</i>, p. p. of <i>praenominare</i> to give the prenomen to, to prenominate, fr. <i>praenomen</i> prenomen.] <def>Forenamed; named beforehand.</def> [R.] "<i>Prenominate</i> crimes." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*nom"i*nate</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To forename; to name beforehand; to tell by name beforehand.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*nom`i*na*tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The act of prenominating; privilege of being named first.</def> <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*nos"tic</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>praenoscere</i> to foreknow; <i>prae</i> before + <i>noscere</i>, <i>notum</i>, to know.] <def>A prognostic; an omen.</def> [Obs.] <i>Gower.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*note"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [L. <i>praenotare</i>; <i>prae</i> before + <i>notare</i> to note.] <def>To note or designate beforehand.</def> <i>Foxe.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*no"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>praenotio</i>: cf. F. <i>pr&eacute;notion</i>. See <u>Prenostic</u>.] <def>A notice or notion which precedes something else in time; previous notion or thought; foreknowledge.</def> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pren*sa"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>prensatio</i>, from <i>prensare</i>, <i>prehensare</i>, v. freq. from <i>prehendere</i> to seize.] <def>The act of seizing with violence.</def> [Obs.] <i>Barrow .</i></p>

<p><hw>Pren"tice</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Aphetic form of <i>apprentice</i>.] <def>An apprentice.</def> [Obs. or Colloq.] <i>Piers Plowman.</i> "My accuser is my <i>prentice</i>." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pren"tice*hood</hw> (&?;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Apprenticehood.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>This jolly prentice with his master bode<BR> Till he was out nigh of his <i>prenticehood</i>.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pren"tice*ship</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Apprenticeship.</def> [Obs. or Colloq.]</p>

<p><blockquote>He served a <i>prenticeship</i> who sets up shop.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*nun`ci*a"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>praenunciatio</i>, fr. <i>praenunciare</i> to announce beforehand. See <u>Pre-</u>, and <u>Announce</u>.] <def>The act of announcing or proclaiming beforehand.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Pre*nun"cious</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>praenuncius</i>.] <def>Announcing beforehand; presaging.</def> [Obs.] <i>Blount.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Pre*ob`lon*ga"ta</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Pre-</u>, and <u>Oblongata</u>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>The anterior part of the medulla oblongata.</def> <i>B. G. Wilder.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre`ob*tain"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To obtain beforehand.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*oc"cu*pan*cy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Preoccupate</u>.] <def>The act or right of taking possession before another; as, the <i>preoccupancy</i> of wild land.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*oc"cu*pate</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [L. <i>praeoccupatus</i>, p. p. of <i>praeoccupare</i> to preoccupy. See <u>Preoccupy</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To anticipate; to take before.</def> [Obs.] "Fear <i>preoccupateth</i> it [death]." <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To prepossess; to prejudice.</def> [Obs.] <i>Sir H. Wotton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*oc`cu*pa"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>praeoccupatio</i>: cf. F. <i>pr&eacute;occupation</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of preoccupying, or taking possession of beforehand; the state of being preoccupied; prepossession.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Anticipation of objections.</def> [R.] <i>South.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*oc"cu*py</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Preoccupied</u> (-p&imacr;d); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Preoccupying</u> (?).] [Cf. F. <i>pr&eacute;occuper</i>. See <u>Preoccupate</u>, <u>Occupy</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To take possession of before another; as, to <i>preoccupy</i> a country not before held.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To prepossess; to engage, occupy, or engross the attention of, beforehand; hence, to prejudice.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I Think it more respectful to the reader to leave something to reflections than to <i>preoccupy</i> his judgment.</blockquote> <i>Arbuthnot.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*oc"u*lar</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Placed just in front of the eyes, as the antenn&aelig; of certain insects.</def> — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One of the scales just in front of the eye of a reptile or fish.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*om"i*nate</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To ominate beforehand; to portend.</def> [Obs.] <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre`o*per"cu*lar</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Situated in front of the operculum; pertaining to the preoperculum.</def> — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The preoperculum.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pre`o*per"cu*lum</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>The anterior opercular bone in fishes.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre`o*pin"ion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Opinion previously formed; prepossession; prejudice.</def> <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*op"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Right of first choice.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*o"ral</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Situated in front of, or anterior to, the mouth; as, <i>preoral</i> bands.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*or"bit*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Situated in front or the orbit.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre`or*dain"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>pre + ordain</i>: cf. L. <i>praeordinare</i>.] <def>To ordain or appoint beforehand: to predetermine: to foreordain.</def> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*or"der</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To order to arrange beforehand; to foreordain.</def> <i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*or"di*nance</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Antecedent decree or determination.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*or"di*nate</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>praeordinatus</i>, p. p. See <u>Preordain</u>.] <def>Preordained.</def> [R.] <i>Sir T. Elyot.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*or`di*na"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>pr&eacute;ordination</i>.] <def>The act of foreordaining: previous determination.</def> "The <i>preordination</i> of God." <i>Bale.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*par"a*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Capable of being prepared.</def> "Medicine <i>preparable</i> by art." <i>Boyle.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prep`a*ra"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>pr&eacute;paration</i>, L. <i>praeparatio</i>. See <u>Prepare</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of preparing or fitting beforehand for a particular purpose, use, service, or condition; previous arrangement or adaptation; a making ready; as, the <i>preparation</i> of land for a crop of wheat; the <i>preparation</i> of troops for a campaign.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The state of being prepared or made ready; preparedness; readiness; fitness; as, a nation in good <i>preparation</i> for war.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>That which makes ready, prepares the way, or introduces; a preparatory act or measure.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I will show what <i>preparations</i> there were in nature for this dissolution.</blockquote> <i>T. Burnet.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>That which is prepared, made, or compounded by a certain process or for a particular purpose; a combination. Specifically: <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> Any medicinal substance fitted for use. <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> Anything treated for preservation or examination as a specimen. <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> Something prepared for use in cookery.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I wish the chemists had been more sparing who magnify their <i>preparations</i>.</blockquote> <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>In the <i>preparations</i> of cookery, the most volatile parts of vegetables are destroyed.</blockquote> <i>Arbuthnot.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>An army or fleet.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <i>(Mus.)</i> <def>The holding over of a note from one chord into the next chord, where it forms a temporary discord, until resolved in the chord that follows; the anticipation of a discordant note in the preceding concord, so that the ear is prepared for the shock. See <u>Suspension</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <def>Accomplishment; qualification.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*par"a*tive</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>pr&eacute;paratif</i>.] <def>Tending to prepare or make ready; having the power of preparing, qualifying, or fitting; preparatory.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Laborious quest of knowledge <i>preparative</i> to this work.</blockquote> <i> South.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*par"a*tive</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>That which has the power of preparing, or previously fitting for a purpose; that which prepares.</def> "A <i>preparative</i> unto sermons." <i>Hooker.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>That which is done in the way of preparation.</def> "Necessary <i>preparatives</i> for our voyage." <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*par"a*tive*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>By way of preparation.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*par"a*tor</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>praeparator</i>.] <def>One who prepares beforehand, as subjects for dissection, specimens for preservation in collections, etc.</def> <i>Agassiz.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*par"a*to*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>praeparatorius</i>: cf. F. <i>pr&eacute;paratoire</i>.] <def>Preparing the way for anything by previous measures of adaptation; antecedent and adapted to what follows; introductory; preparative; as, a <i>preparatory</i> school; a <i>preparatory</i> condition.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*pare"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Prepare&?;</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Preparing</u>.] [F. <i>pr&eacute;parer</i>, L. <i>praeparare</i>; <i>prae</i> before + <i>parare</i> to make ready. See <u>Pare</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To fit, adapt, or qualify for a particular purpose or condition; to make ready; to put into a state for use or application; as, to <i>prepare</i> ground for seed; to <i>prepare</i> a lesson.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Our souls, not yet <i>prepared</i> for upper light.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To procure as suitable or necessary; to get ready; to provide; as, to <i>prepare</i> ammunition and provisions for troops; to <i>prepare</i> ships for defence; to <i>prepare</i> an entertainment.</def> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>That they may <i>prepare</i> a city for habitation.</blockquote> <i>Ps. cvii. 36</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — To fit; adjust; adapt; qualify; equip; provide; form; make; make; ready.</p>

<p><! p. 1131 !></p>

<p><hw>Pre*pare"</hw> (&?;), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To make all things ready; to put things in order; as, to <i>prepare</i> for a hostile invasion.</def> "Bid them <i>prepare</i> for dinner." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To make one's self ready; to get ready; to take the necessary previous measures; as, to <i>prepare</i> for death.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*pare"</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Preparation.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*pared"</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Made fit or suitable; adapted; ready; as, <i>prepared</i> food; <i>prepared</i> questions.</def> — <wf>Pre*par"ed*ly</wf> (#), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <i>Shak.</i> — <wf>Pre*par"ed*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Pre*par"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who, or that which, prepares, fits, or makes ready.</def> <i>Wood.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*pay"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Prepaid</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Prepaying</u>.] <def>To pay in advance, or beforehand; as, to <i>prepay</i> postage.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*pay"ment</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Payment in advance.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*pe"ni*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Situated in front of, or anterior to, the penis.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*pense"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>pre</i> + F. <i>penser</i> to think. See <u>Pansy</u>.] <def>To weigh or consider beforehand; to premeditate.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser. Sir T. Elyot.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*pense"</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To deliberate beforehand.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Pre*pense"</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See <u>Pansy</u>, and cf. <u>Prepense</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>] <def>Devised, contrived, or planned beforehand; preconceived; premeditated; aforethought; — usually placed after the word it qualifies; as, malice <i>prepense</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>This has not arisen from any misrepresentation or error <i>prepense</i>.</blockquote> <i>Southey.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*pense"ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a premeditated manner.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pre*pol"lence</hw> (?), <hw>Pre*pol"len*cy</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>praepollentia</i>.] <def>The quality or state of being prepollent; superiority of power; predominance; prevalence.</def> [R.] <i>Coventry.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*pol"lent</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>praepollens</i>, p. p. of <i>praepollere</i> to surpass in power; <i>prae</i> before + <i>pollere</i> to be powerful.] <def>Having superior influence or power; prevailing; predominant.</def> [R.] <i>Boyle.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Pre*pol"lent</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Prepollices</b></plw> (#). [NL. See <u>Pre-</u>, <u>Pollex</u>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>An extra first digit, or rudiment of a digit, on the preaxial side of the pollex.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*pon"der</hw> (?) <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To preponderate.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p>{ <hw>Pre*pon"der*ance</hw> (?), <hw>Pre*pon"der*an*cy</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>pr&eacute;pond&eacute;rance</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The quality or state of being preponderant; superiority or excess of weight, influence, or power, etc.; an outweighing.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The mind should . . . reject or receive proportionably to the <i>preponderancy</i> of the greater grounds of probability.</blockquote> <i>Locke.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>In a few weeks he had changed the relative position of all the states in Europe, and had restored the equilibrium which the <i>preponderance</i> of one power had destroyed.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Gun.)</i> <def>The excess of weight of that part of a canon behind the trunnions over that in front of them.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*pon"der*ant</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>praeponderans</i>, <i>-antis</i>: cf. F. <i>pr&eacute;pond&eacute;rant</i>. See <u>Preponderate</u>.] <def>Preponderating; outweighing; overbalancing; — used literally and figuratively; as, a <i>preponderant</i> weight; of <i>preponderant</i> importance.</def> — <wf>Pre*pon"der*ant*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Pre*pon"der*ate</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Preponderated</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Preponderating</u>.] [L. <i>praeponderatus</i>, p. p. of <i>praeponderare</i>; <i>prae</i> before + <i>ponderare</i> to weigh, fr., <i>pondus</i>, <i>ponderis</i>, a weight. See <u>Ponder</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To outweigh; to overpower by weight; to exceed in weight; to overbalance.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>An inconsiderable weight, by distance from the center of the balance, will <i>preponderate</i> greater magnitudes.</blockquote> <i>Glanvill.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To overpower by stronger or moral power.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To cause to prefer; to incline; to decide.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>The desire to spare Christian blood <i>preponderates</i> him for peace.</blockquote> <i>Fuller.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*pon"der*ate</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To exceed in weight; hence, to incline or descend, as the scale of a balance; figuratively, to exceed in influence, power, etc.; hence; to incline to one side; as, the affirmative side <i>preponderated</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>That is no just balance in which the heaviest side will not <i>preponderate</i>.</blockquote> <i>Bp. Wilkins.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*pon"der*a`ting*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a preponderating manner; preponderantly.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*pon`der*a"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>praeponderatio</i>.] <def>The act or state of preponderating; preponderance; as, a <i>preponderation</i> of reasons.</def> <i>I. Watts.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*pose"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [F. <i>pr&eacute;poser</i>; pref. <i>pr&eacute;-</i> (L. <i>prae</i> before) + <i>poser</i>. See <u>Pose</u>.] <def>To place or set before; to prefix.</def> [Obs.] <i>Fuller.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prep`o*si"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>praepositio</i>, fr. <i>praeponere</i> to place before; <i>prae</i> before + <i>ponere</i> to put, place: cf. F. <i>pr&eacute;position</i>. See <u>Position</u>, and cf. <u>Provost</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Gram.)</i> <def>A word employed to connect a noun or a pronoun, in an adjectival or adverbial sense, with some other word; a particle used with a noun or pronoun (in English always in the objective case) to make a phrase limiting some other word; — so called because usually placed before the word with which it is phrased; as, a bridge <i>of</i> iron; he comes <i>from</i> town; it is good <i>for</i> food; he escaped <i>by</i> running.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A proposition; an exposition; a discourse.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>He made a long <i>preposition</i> and oration.</blockquote> <i>Fabyan.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prep`o*si"tion*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>pr&eacute;positionnel</i>.] <def>Of or pertaining to a preposition; of the nature of a preposition.</def> <i>Early.</i> — <wf>Prep`o*si"tion*al*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Pre*pos"i*tive</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>praepositivus</i>: cf. F. <i>pr&eacute;positif</i>.] <i>(Gram.)</i> <def>Put before; prefixed; as, a <i>prepositive</i> particle.</def> — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A prepositive word.</def> <i>Tooke.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Pre*pos"i*tor</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL.] <def>A scholar appointed to inspect other scholars; a monitor.</def> <i>Todd.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*pos"i*ture</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>praepositura</i>. See <u>Preposition</u>, and cf. <u>Provost</u>.] <def>The office or dignity of a provost; a provostship.</def> <i>Lowth.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre`pos*sess"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Prepossessed</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Prepossessing</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To preoccupy, as ground or land; to take previous possession of.</def> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To preoccupy, as the mind or heart, so as to preclude other things; hence, to bias or prejudice; to give a previous inclination to, for or against anything; esp., to induce a favorable opinion beforehand, or at the outset.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>It created him enemies, and <i>prepossessed</i> the lord general.</blockquote> <i>Evelyn.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre`pos*sess"ing</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Tending to invite favor; attracting confidence, favor, esteem, or love; attractive; as, a <i>prepossessing</i> manner.</def> — <wf>Pre`pos*sess"ing*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Pre`pos*ses"sion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Preoccupation; prior possession.</def> <i>Hammond.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Preoccupation of the mind by an opinion, or impression, already formed; preconceived opinion; previous impression; bias; — generally, but not always, used in a favorable sense; as, the <i>prepossessions</i> of childhood.</def> "The prejudices and <i>prepossessions</i> of the country." <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Bent; bias; inclination; preoccupancy; prejudgment. See <u>Bent</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Pre`*pos*sess"or</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who possesses, or occupies, previously.</def> <i>R. Brady.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*pos"ter*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos>[L. <i>praeposterus</i>; <i>prae</i> before + <i>posterus</i> coming after, latter. See <u>Posterior</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Having that first which ought to be last; inverted in order.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>The method I take may be censured as <i>preposterous</i>, because I thus treat last of the antediluvian earth, which was first in the order of nature.</blockquote> <i>Woodward.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Contrary to nature or reason; not adapted to the end; utterly and glaringly foolish; unreasonably absurd; perverted.</def> "Most <i>preposterous</i> conclusions." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Preposterous</i> ass, that never read so far!</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Absurd; perverted; wrong; irrational; foolish; monstrous. See <u>Absurd</u>.</p>

<p>— <wf>Pre*pos"ter*ous*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> - <wf>Pre*pos"ter*ous*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Pre*pos"tor</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Prepositor</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*po"ten*cy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>praepotentia</i>: cf. F. <i>pr&eacute;potence</i>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The quality or condition of being prepotent; predominance.</def> [Obs.] <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p> <sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>The capacity, on the part of one of the parents, as compared with the other, to transmit more than his or her own share of characteristics to their offspring.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*po"tent</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>praepotens</i>. See <u>Pre-</u>, and <u>Potent</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Very powerful; superior in force, influence, or authority; predominant.</def> <i>Plaifere.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>Characterized by prepotency.</def> <i>Darwin.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre`pro*vide"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To provide beforehand.</def> "The materials <i>preprovided</i>." <i>Fuller.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*pu"bic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Situated in front of, or anterior to, the pubis; pertaining to the prepubis.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pre*pu"bis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Pre- </u>, and <u>Pubis</u>.] <i>(Anat.)</i><def>A bone or cartilage, of some animals, situated in the middle line in front of the pubic bones.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre"puce</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>pr&eacute;puce</i>, L. <i>praeputium</i>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>The foreskin.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*pu"tial</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to the prepuce.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pre*raph"a*el*ism</hw> (?), <hw>Pre*raph"a*el*i`tism</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Fine Arts)</i> <def>The doctrine or practice of a school of modern painters who profess to be followers of the painters before Raphael. Its adherents advocate careful study from nature, delicacy and minuteness of workmanship, and an exalted and delicate conception of the subject.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*raph"a*el*ite</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to the style called preraphaelitism; as, a <i>preraphaelite</i> figure; a <i>preraphaelite</i> landscape.</def> <i>Ruskin.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*raph"a*el*ite</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who favors or practices art as it was before Raphael; one who favors or advocates preraphaelitism.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*reg"nant</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who reigns before another; a sovereign predecessor.</def> [R.] <i>Warner.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre`re*mote</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>More remote in previous time or prior order.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>In some cases two more links of causation may be introduced; one of them may be termed the <i>preremote</i> cause, the other the postremote effect.</blockquote> <i>E. Darwin.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre`re*quire"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To require beforehand.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Some things are <i>prerequired</i> of us.</blockquote> <i>Bp. Hall.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*req"ui*site</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Previously required; necessary as a preliminary to any proposed effect or end; as, <i>prerequisite</i> conditions of success.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*req"ui*site</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Something previously required, or necessary to an end or effect proposed.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The necessary <i>prerequisites</i> of freedom.</blockquote> <i> Goldsmith.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre`re*solve"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t. & i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Preresolved</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Preresolving</u>.] <def>To resolve beforehand; to predetermine.</def> <i>Sir E. Dering.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*rog"a*tive</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>pr&eacute;rogative</i>, from L. <i>praerogativa</i> precedence in voting, preference, privilege, fr. <i>praerogativus</i> that is asked before others for his opinion, that votes before or first, fr. <i>praerogare</i> to ask before another; <i>prae</i> before + <i>rogare</i> to ask. See <u>Rogation</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>An exclusive or peculiar privilege; prior and indefeasible right; fundamental and essential possession; — used generally of an official and hereditary right which may be asserted without question, and for the exercise of which there is no responsibility or accountability as to the fact and the manner of its exercise.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The two faculties that are the <i>prerogative</i> of man — the powers of abstraction and imagination.</blockquote> <i>I. Taylor.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>An unconstitutional exercise of his <i>prerogative</i>.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Precedence; pre&euml;minence; first rank.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Then give me leave to have <i>prerogative</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p>&fist; The term came into general use in the conflicts between the Crown and Parliaments of Great Britain, especially in the time of the Stuarts.</p>

<p><col><b>Prerogative Court</b></col> <i>(Eng. Law)</i>, <cd>a court which formerly had authority in the matter of wills and administrations, where the deceased left <i>bona notabilia</i>, or effects of the value of five pounds, in two or more different dioceses.</cd> <i>Blackstone.</i> — <col><b>Prerogative office</b></col>, <cd>the office in which wills proved in the Prerogative Court were registered.</cd></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Privilege; right. See <u>Privilege</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Pre*rog"a*tived</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Endowed with a prerogative, or exclusive privilege.</def> [R.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*rog"a*tive*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>By prerogative.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre"sage</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>pr&eacute;sage</i>, L. <i>praesagium</i>, from <i>praesagire</i>. See <u>Presage</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> ]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Something which foreshows or portends a future event; a prognostic; an omen; an augury.</def> "Joy and shout - - <i>presage</i> of victory." <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Power to look the future, or the exercise of that power; foreknowledge; presentiment.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>If there be aught of <i>presage</i> in the mind.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Prognostic; omen; token; sign; presentiment.</p>

<p><hw>Pre*sage"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Presaged</u> (-s&amacr;jd"); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Presaging</u>. ] [F. <i>pr&eacute;sager</i>, L. <i>praesagire</i>: <i>prae</i> before + <i>sagire</i> to perceive acutely or sharply. See <u>Sagacious</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To have a presentiment of; to feel beforehand; to foreknow.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To foretell; to predict; to foreshow; to indicate.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>My dreams <i>presage</i> some joyful news at hand.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*sage"</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To form or utter a prediction; — sometimes used with <i>of</i>.</def> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*sage"ful</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Full of presages; ominous.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Dark in the glass of some <i>presageful</i> mood.</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*sage"ment</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act or art of presaging; a foreboding.</def> [R.] <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>That which is presaged, or foretold.</def> [R.] "Ominous <i>presagement</i> before his end. " <i>Sir H. Wotton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*sa"ger</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who, or that which, presages; a foreteller; a foreboder.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*sa"gious</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Foreboding; ominous.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Pres"by*ope</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>One who has presbyopia; a farsighted person.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pres`by*o"pi*a</hw> (?) [NL., from Gr. &?; old, n., an old man + &?;, &?;, the eye.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>A defect of vision consequent upon advancing age. It is due to rigidity of the crystalline lens, which produces difficulty of accommodation and recession of the near point of vision, so that objects very near the eyes can not be seen distinctly without the use of convex glasses. Called also <i>presbytia</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pres`by*op"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Affected by presbyopia; also, remedying presbyopia; farsighted.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pres"by*o`py</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>presbyopie</i>.] <def>See <u>Presbyopia</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pres"byte</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; an old man.] <def>Same as <u>Presbyope</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pres"by*ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. an elder, fr. Gr. &?;. See <u>Priest</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>An elder in the early Christian church. See 2d Citation under <u>Bishop</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, 1.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Ch. of Eng. & Prot. Epis. Ch.)</i> <def>One ordained to the second order in the ministry; — called also <i>priest</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I rather term the one sort <i>presbyter</i> than priest.</blockquote> <i>Hooker.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>New <i>presbyter</i> is but old priest writ large.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Presbyterian Ch.)</i> <def>A member of a presbytery whether lay or clerical.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>A Presbyterian.</def> [Obs.] <i>Hudibras.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pres*byt"er*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to a presbyter or presbytery; presbyterial.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pres*byt"er*ate</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>presbyteratus</i>: cf. F. <i>presbyt&eacute;rat</i>.] <def>A presbytery; also, presbytership.</def> <i>Heber.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pres"by*ter*ess</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A female presbyter.</def> <i>Bale.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pres`by*te"ri*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>presbyt&eacute;ral</i>.] <def>Presbyterian.</def> "<i>Presbyterial</i> government." <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pres`by*te"ri*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>presbyt&eacute;rien</i>.] <def>Of or pertaining to a presbyter, or to ecclesiastical government by presbyters; relating to those who uphold church government by presbyters; also, to the doctrine, discipline, and worship of a communion so governed.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pres`by*te"ri*an</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>presbyt&eacute;rien</i>.] <def>One who maintains the validity of ordination and government by presbyters; a member of the Presbyterian church.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Reformed Presbyterians</b></col>. <cd>See <u>Cameronian</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pres`by*te"ri*an*ism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>presbyt&eacute;rianisme</i>.] <def>That form of church government which invests presbyters with all spiritual power, and admits no prelates over them; also, the faith and polity of the Presbyterian churches, taken collectively.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pres`by*te"ri*um</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L.] <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Presbytery</u>, 4.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pres"by*ter*ship</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The office or station of a presbyter; presbyterate.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pres"by*ter*y</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Presbyteries</b></plw> (#). [L. <i>presbyterium</i>, Gr. &?;. See <u>Presbyter</u>, and cf. <u>Presbyterium</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A body of elders in the early Christian church.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Presbyterian Ch.)</i> <def>A judicatory consisting of all the ministers within a certain district, and one layman, who is a ruling elder, from each parish or church, commissioned to represent the church in conjunction with the pastor. This body has a general jurisdiction over the churches under its care, and next below the provincial synod in authority.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>The Presbyterian religion of polity.</def> [R.] <i>Tatler.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>That part of the church reserved for the officiating priest.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The residence of a priest or clergyman.</def> <i>Gwilt.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Pres*byt"i*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Presbyte</u>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Presbyopia.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pres*byt"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Presbyopic</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pres"byt*ism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Presbyopia.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pre*scap"u*la</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>The part of the scapula in front of, or above, the spine, or mesoscapula.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*scap"u*lar</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to the prescapula; supraspinous.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre"sci*ence</hw> (pr&emacr;"sh&ibreve;*<i>e</i>ns <i>or</i> - sh<i>e</i>ns; 277), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>prescience</i>, L. <i>praescientia</i>. See <u>Prescient</u>.] <def>Knowledge of events before they take place; foresight.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>God's certain <i>prescience</i> of the volitions of moral agents.</blockquote> <i>J. Edwards.</i></p>

<p><! p. 1132 !></p>

<p><hw>Pre"sci*ent</hw> (pr&emacr;"sh&ibreve;*<i>e</i>nt <i>or</i> - sh<i>e</i>nt), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>praesciens</i>, <i>- entis</i>, p. pr. of <i>praescire</i> to foreknow; <i>prae</i> before + <i>scire</i> to know: cf. F. <i>prescient</i>. See <u>Science</u>.] <def>Having knowledge of coming events; foreseeing; conscious beforehand.</def> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Henry . . . had shown himself sensible, and almost <i>prescient</i>, of this event.</blockquote> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre"sci*ent*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>With prescience or foresight.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*scind"</hw> (pr&esl;*s&ibreve;nd"), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [L. <i>praescindere</i> to cut off in front; <i>prae</i> before + <i>scindere</i> to cut asunder: cf. F. <i>prescinder</i>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To cut off; to abstract.</def> [Obs.] <i>Norris.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Metaph.)</i> <def>To consider by a separate act of attention or analysis.</def> <i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*scind"ent</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>praescius</i>; <i>prae</i> before + <i>scius</i> knowing, fr. <i>scire</i> to know.] <def>Cutting off; abstracting.</def> [R.] <i>Cheyne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre"scious</hw> (pr&emacr;"sh&ubreve;s), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>praescius</i>; <i>prae</i> before + <i>scius</i> knowing, fr. <i>scire</i> to know.] <def>Foreknowing; having foreknowledge; as, <i>prescious</i> of ills.</def> [R.] <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*scribe"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Prescribed</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Prescribing</u>.] [L. <i>praescribere</i>, <i>praescriptum</i>; <i>prae</i> before + <i>scriebe</i> to write. See <u>Scribe</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To lay down authoritatively as a guide, direction, or rule of action; to impose as a peremptory order; to dictate; to appoint; to direct.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Prescribe</i> not us our duties.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Let streams <i>prescribe</i> their fountains where to run.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>To direct, as a remedy to be used by a patient; as, the doctor <i>prescribed</i> quinine.</def></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — To appoint; order; command; dictate; ordain; institute; establish.</p>

<p><hw>Pre*scribe"</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To give directions; to dictate.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A forwardness to <i>prescribe</i> to their opinions.</blockquote> <i>Locke.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To influence by long use</def> [Obs.] <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>To write or to give medical directions; to indicate remedies; as, to <i>prescribe</i> for a patient in a fever.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Law)</i> <def>To claim by prescription; to claim a title to a thing on the ground of immemorial use and enjoyment, that is, by a custom having the force of law.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*scrib"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who prescribes.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre"script</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>praescriptus</i>, p. p. of <i>praescribere</i>: cf. F. <i>prescrit</i>. See <u>Prescribe</u>.] <def>Directed; prescribed.</def> " A <i>prescript</i> from of words." <i>Jer. Taylor.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre"script</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>praescriptum</i>: cf. OF. <i>prescript</i>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Direction; precept; model prescribed.</def> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A medical prescription.</def> [Obs.] <i>Bp. Fell.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*scrip`ti*bil"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality or state of being prescriptible.</def> <i>Story.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*scrip"ti*ble</hw> (pr&esl;*skr&ibreve;p"t&ibreve;*b'l), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>prescriptible</i>.] <def>Depending on, or derived from, prescription; proper to be prescribed.</def> <i>Grafton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*scrip"tion</hw> (-sh&ubreve;n), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>prescription</i>, L. <i>praescriptio</i>, an inscription, preface, precept, demurrer, prescription (in sense 3), fr. <i>praescribere</i>. See <u>Prescribe</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of prescribing, directing, or dictating; direction; precept; also, that which is prescribed.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>A direction of a remedy or of remedies for a disease, and the manner of using them; a medical recipe; also, a prescribed remedy.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Law)</i> <def>A prescribing for title; the claim of title to a thing by virtue of immemorial use and enjoyment; the right or title acquired by possession had during the time and in the manner fixed by law.</def> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>That profound reverence for law and <i>prescription</i> which has long been characteristic of Englishmen.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p>&fist; <i>Prescription</i> differs from <i>custom</i>, which is a local usage, while <i>prescription</i> is personal, annexed to the person only. <i>Prescription</i> only extends to incorporeal rights, such as aright of way, or of common. What the law gives of <i>common rights</i> is not the subject of <i>prescription</i>. <i>Blackstone</i>. <i>Cruise</i>. <i>Kent</i>. In Scotch law, <i>prescription</i> is employed in the sense in which <i>limitation</i> is used in England and America, namely, to express that operation of the lapse of time by which obligations are extinguished or title protected. <i>Sir T</i>. <i>Craig</i>. <i>Erskine</i>.</p>

<p><hw>Pre*scrip"tive</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>praescriptivus</i> of a demurrer or legal exception.] <i>(Law)</i> <def>Consisting in, or acquired by, immemorial or long-continued use and enjoyment; as, a <i>prescriptive</i> right of title; pleading the continuance and authority of long custom.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The right to be drowsy in protracted toil has become <i>prescriptive</i>.</blockquote> <i>J. M. Mason.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*scrip"tive*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>By prescription.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pre*scu"tum</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Prescuta</b></plw> (&?;). [NL. See <u>Pr&aelig;-</u>, and <u>Scutum</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The first of the four pieces composing the dorsal part, or tergum, of a thoracic segment of an insect. It is usually small and inconspicuous.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre"se*ance</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>pr&eacute;s&eacute;ance</i>. See <u>Preside</u>.] <def>Priority of place in sitting.</def>[Obs.] <i>Carew.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre`se*lect"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To select beforehand.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pres"ence</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>pr&eacute;sence</i>, L. <i>praesentia</i>. See <u>Present</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The state of being present, or of being within sight or call, or at hand; — opposed to <i>absence</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The place in which one is present; the part of space within one's ken, call, influence, etc.; neighborhood without the intervention of anything that forbids intercourse.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Wrath shell be no more<BR> Thenceforth, but in thy <i>presence</i> joy entire.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Specifically, neighborhood to the person of one of superior of exalted rank; also, presence chamber.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>In such a <i>presence</i> here to plead my thoughts.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>An't please your grace, the two great cardinals.<BR> Wait in the <i>presence</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>The whole of the personal qualities of an individual; person; personality; especially, the person of a superior, as a sovereign.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The Sovran <i>Presence</i> thus replied.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>An assembly, especially of person of rank or nobility; noble company.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Odmar, of all this <i>presence</i> does contain,<BR> Give her your wreath whom you esteem most fair.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>Port, mien; air; personal appearence.</def> "Rather dignity of presence than beauty of aspect." <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>A graceful <i>presence</i> bespeaks acceptance.</blockquote> <i> Collier.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Presence chamber</b></col>, or <col><b>Presence room</b></col>, <cd>the room in which a great personage receives company.</cd> <i>Addison.</i> " <i>Chambers of presence</i>." <i>Bacon.</i> — <col><b>Presence of mind</b></col>, <cd>that state of the mind in which all its faculties are alert, prompt, and acting harmoniously in obedience to the will, enabling one to reach, as it were spontaneously or by intuition, just conclusions in sudden emergencies.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pre`sen*sa"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Previous sensation, notion, or idea.</def> [Obs.] <i>Dr. H. More.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*sen"sion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>praesensio</i>, fr. <i>praesentire</i> to perceive beforehand. See <u>Presentient</u>.] <def>Previous perception.</def> [Obs.] <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pres"ent</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [F. <i>pr&eacute;sent</i>, L. <i>praesens</i>,<i>-entis</i>, that is before one, in sight or at hand, p. p. of <i>praeesse</i> to be before; <i>prae</i> before + <i>esse</i> to be. See <u>Essence</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Being at hand, within reach or call, within certain contemplated limits; — opposed to <i>absent</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>These things have I spoken unto you, being yet <i>present</i> with you.</blockquote> <i>John xiv. 25.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Now existing, or in process; begun but not ended; now in view, or under consideration; being at this time; not past or future; as, the <i>present</i> session of Congress; the <i>present</i> state of affairs; the <i>present</i> instance.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I'll bring thee to the <i>present</i> business</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Not delayed; immediate; instant; coincident.</def> "A <i>present</i> recompense." "A <i>present</i> pardon." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>An ambassador . . . desires a <i>present</i> audience.</blockquote> <i>Massinger.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Ready; quick in emergency; as a <i>present</i> wit.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>Favorably attentive; propitious.</def> [Archaic]</p>

<p><blockquote>To find a god so <i>present</i> to my prayer.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Present tense</b></col> <i>(Gram.)</i>, <cd>the tense or form of a verb which expresses action or being in the present time; as, I <i>am writing</i>, I <i>write</i>, or I <i>do write</i>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pres"ent</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>pr&eacute;sent</i>. See <u>Present</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Present time; the time being; time in progress now, or at the moment contemplated; as, at this <i>present</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Past and <i>present</i>, wound in one.</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>pl.</i> <i>(Law)</i> <def>Present letters or instrument, as a deed of conveyance, a lease, letter of attorney, or other writing; as in the phrase, " Know all men by these <i>presents</i>," that is, by the writing itself, " per has literas <i>praesentes</i>; " — in this sense, rarely used in the singular.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Gram.)</i> <def>A present tense, or the form of the verb denoting the present tense.</def></p>

<p><col><b>At present</b></col>, <cd>at the present time; now.</cd> — <col><b>For the present</b></col>, <cd>for the tine being; temporarily.</cd> — <col><b>In present</b></col>, <cd>at once, without delay.</cd> [Obs.] "With them, <i>in present</i>, half his kingdom; the rest to follow at his death." <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*sent"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Presented</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Presenting</u>.] [F. <i>pr&eacute;senter</i>, L. <i>praesentare</i>, fr. <i>praesens</i>, a. See <u>Present</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To bring or introduce into the presence of some one, especially of a superior; to introduce formally; to offer for acquaintance; as, to <i>present</i> an envoy to the king; (with the reciprocal pronoun) to come into the presence of a superior.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Now there was a day when the sons of God came to <i>present</i> themselves before the lord.</blockquote> <i>Job i. 6</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To exhibit or offer to view or notice; to lay before one's perception or cognizance; to set forth; to <i>present</i> a fine appearance.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Lectorides's memory is ever . . . <i>presenting</i> him with the thoughts of other persons.</blockquote> <i>I. Watts.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To pass over, esp. in a ceremonious manner; to give in charge or possession; to deliver; to make over.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>So ladies in romance assist their knight,<BR> <i>Present</i> the spear, and arm him for the fight.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To make a gift of; to bestow; to give, generally in a formal or ceremonious manner; to grant; to confer.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>My last, least offering, I <i>present</i> thee now.</blockquote> <i>Cowper.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>Hence: To endow; to bestow a gift upon; to favor, as with a donation; also, to court by gifts.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Octavia <i>presented</i> the poet for him admirable elegy on her son Marcellus.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>To present; to personate.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> In specific uses; <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>To nominate to an ecclesiastical benefice; to offer to the bishop or ordinary as a candidate for institution.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The patron of a church may <i>present</i> his clerk to a parsonage or vicarage; that is, may offer him to the bishop of the diocese to be instituted.</blockquote> <i>Blackstone.</i></p>

<p><sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>To nominate for support at a public school or other institution .</def> <i>Lamb.</i> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <def>To lay before a public body, or an official, for consideration, as before a legislature, a court of judicature, a corporation, etc.; as, to <i>present</i> a memorial, petition, remonstrance, or indictment.</def> <sd><i>(d)</i></sd> <def>To lay before a court as an object of inquiry; to give notice officially of, as a crime of offence; to find or represent judicially; as, a grand jury <i>present</i> certain offenses or nuisances, or whatever they think to be public injuries.</def> <sd><i>(e)</i></sd> <def>To bring an indictment against .</def> [U.S] <sd><i>(f)</i></sd> <def>To aim, point, or direct, as a weapon; as, to <i>present</i> a pistol or the point of a sword to the breast of another.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Pesent arms</b></col> <i>(Mil.)</i>, <cd>the command in response to which the gun is carried perpendicularly in front of the center of the body, and held there with the left hand grasping it at the lower band, and the right hand grasping the small of the stock, in token of respect, as in saluting a superior officer; also, the position taken at such a command.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pre*sent"</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>To appear at the mouth of the uterus so as to be perceptible to the finger in vaginal examination; — said of a part of an infant during labor.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pres"ent</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>pr&eacute;sent</i> .] <def>Anything presented or given; a gift; a donative; as, a Christmas <i>present</i>.</def></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Gift; donation; donative; benefaction. See <u>Gift</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Pre*sent"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Mil.)</i> <def>The position of a soldier in presenting arms; as, to stand at <i>present</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*sent"a*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>pr&eacute;sentable</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Capable or admitting of being presented; suitable to be exhibited, represented, or offered; fit to be brought forward or set forth; hence, fitted to be introduced to another, or to go into society; as, ideas that are <i>presentable</i> in simple language; she is not <i>presentable</i> in such a gown.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Admitting of the presentation of a clergiman; as, a church <i>presentable</i>.</def> [R.] <i>Ayliffe.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pres`en*ta"ne*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>praesentaneus</i>. See <u>Present</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <def>Ready; quick; immediate in effect; as, <i>presentaneous</i> poison.</def> [Obs.] <i>Harvey.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pres`en*ta"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>praesentatio</i> a showing, representation: cf. F. <i>pr&eacute;sentation</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of presenting, or the state of being presented; a setting forth; an offering; bestowal.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Prayers are sometimes a <i>presentation</i> of mere desires.</blockquote> <i>Hooker.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> Hence, <def>exhibition; representation; display; appearance; semblance; show.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Under the <i>presentation</i> of the shoots his wit.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>That which is presented or given; a present; a gift, as, the picture was a <i>presentation</i>.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Eccl.)</i> <def>The act of offering a clergyman to the bishop or ordinary for institution in a benefice; the right of presenting a clergyman.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>If the bishop admits the patron's <i>presentation</i>, the clerk so admitted is next to be instituted by him.</blockquote> <i>Blackstone.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>The particular position of the child during labor relatively to the passage though which it is to be brought forth; — specifically designated by the part which first appears at the mouth of the uterus; as, a breech <i>presentation</i>.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Presentation copy</b></col>, <cd>a copy of a book, engraving, etc., presented to some one by the author or artist, as a token of regard.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pre*sent"a*tive</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Eccl.)</i> <def>Having the right of presentation, or offering a clergyman to the bishop for institution; as, advowsons are <i>presentative</i>, collative, or donative.</def> <i>Blackstone.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Admitting the presentation of a clergyman; as, a <i>presentative</i> parsonage.</def> <i>Spelman.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Metaph.)</i> <def>Capable of being directly known by, or presented to, the mind; intuitive; directly apprehensible, as objects; capable of apprehending, as faculties.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The latter term, <i>presentative</i> faculty, I use . . . in contrast and correlation to a "representative faculty."</blockquote> <i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pres`en*tee"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>pr&eacute;sent&eacute;</i>, p. p. See <u>Present</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> ] <def>One to whom something is presented; also, one who is presented; specifically <i>(Eccl.)</i>, one presented to benefice.</def> <i>Ayliffe.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*sent"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who presents.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*sen"tial</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [LL. <i>praesentialis</i>.] <def>Implying actual presence; present, immediate.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>God's mercy is made <i>presential</i> to us.</blockquote> <i>Jer. Taylor.</i></p>

<p>— <wf>Pre*sen"tial*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Pre*sen`ti*al"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>State of being actually present.</def> [Obs.] <i>South.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*sen"ti*ate</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To make present.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Pre*sen"tient</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>praesentiens</i>, p. pr. of <i>praesentire</i> to perceive beforehand; <i>prae</i> before + <i>sentire</i> to feel.] <def>Feeling or perceiving beforehand.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pres`en*tif"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>praesens</i>, <i>-entis</i>, present + <i>facere</i> to make.] <def>Making present.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p>— <wf>Pres`en*tif"ic*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> [Obs.] <i>Dr. H. More.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pres`en*tif"ic*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Presentific.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Pre*sen"ti*ment</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>pre- </i> + <i>sentiment</i>: cf. F. <i>pressentiment</i>. See <u>Presentient</u>.] <def>Previous sentiment, conception, or opinion; previous apprehension; especially, an antecedent impression or conviction of something unpleasant, distressing, or calamitous, about to happen; anticipation of evil; foreboding.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*sen`ti*men"tal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of nature of a presentiment; foreboding.</def> [R.] <i>Coleridge.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*sen"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Presension</u>.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Pre*sent"ive</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Philol.)</i> <def>Bringing a conception or notion directly before the mind; presenting an object to the memory of imagination; — distinguished from <i>symbolic</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>How greatly the word "will" is felt to have lost <i>presentive</i> power in the last three centuries.</blockquote> <i>Earle.</i></p>

<p>— <wf>Pre*sent"ive*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Pre*sent"ive*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Pres"ent*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>At present; at this time; now.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>The towns and forts you <i>presently</i> have.</blockquote> <i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>At once; without delay; forthwith; also, less definitely, soon; shortly; before long; after a little while; by and by.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>And <i>presently</i> the fig tree withered away.</blockquote> <i>Matt. xxi. 19.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>With actual presence; actually .</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>His precious body and blood <i>presently three</i>.</blockquote> <i>Bp. Gardiner.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*sent"ment</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of presenting, or the state of being presented; presentation.</def> " Upon the heels of my <i>presentment</i>." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Setting forth to view; delineation; appearance; representation; exhibition.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Power to cheat the eye with blear illusion,<BR> And give it false <i>presentment</i>.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Law)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The notice taken by a grand jury of any offence from their own knowledge or observation, without any bill of indictment laid before them, as, the <i>presentment</i> of a nuisance, a libel, or the like; also, an inquisition of office and indictment by a grand jury; an official accusation presented to a tribunal by the grand jury in an indictment, or the act of offering an indictment; also, the indictment itself.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The official notice (formerly required to be given in court) of the surrender of a copyhold estate.</def> <i>Blackstone.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Presentment of a bill of exchange</b></col>, <cd>the offering of a bill to the drawee for acceptance, or to the acceptor for payment. See <i>Bill of exchange</i>, under <u>Bill</u>.</cd></p>

<p><! p. 1133 !> <i>Mozley & W.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pres"ent*ness</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality or state of being present; presence.</def> [Obs.] "<i>Presentness</i> of mind in danger." <i>Clarendon.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pres`en*toir"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Formed after analogy of French.] <def>An ornamental tray, dish, or the like, used as a salver.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*serv"a*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Capable of being preserved; admitting of preservation.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pres`er*va"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>pr&eacute;servation</i>.] <def>The act or process of preserving, or keeping safe; the state of being preserved, or kept from injury, destruction, or decay; security; safety; as, <i>preservation</i> of life, fruit, game, etc.; a picture in good <i>preservation</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Give us particulars of thy <i>preservation</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*serv"a*tive</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>pr&eacute;servatif</i>.] <def>Having the power or quality of preserving; tending to preserve, or to keep from injury, decay, etc.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*serv"a*tive</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>That which preserves, or has the power of preserving; a presevative agent.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>To wear tablets as <i>preservatives</i> against the plague.</blockquote> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*serv"a*to*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Preservative.</def> <i>Bp. Hall.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*serv"a*to*ry</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Preservatories</b></plw> (&?;). <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A preservative.</def> [Obs.] <i>Whitlock.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A room, or apparatus, in which perishable things, as fruit, vegetables, etc., can be preserved without decay.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*serve"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Preserved</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Preserving</u>.] [F. <i>pr&eacute;server</i>, from L. <i>prae</i> before + <i>servare</i> to save, preserve; cf. L. <i>praeservare</i> to observe beforehand. See <u>Serve</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To keep or save from injury or destruction; to guard or defend from evil, harm, danger, etc.; to protect.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>O Lord, thou <i>preserved</i> man and beast.</blockquote> <i>Ps. xxxvi. 6.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Now, good angels <i>preserve</i> the king.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To save from decay by the use of some preservative substance, as sugar, salt, etc.; to season and prepare for remaining in a good state, as fruits, meat, etc.; as, to <i>preserve</i> peaches or grapes.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>You can not <i>preserve</i> it from tainting.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To maintain throughout; to keep intact; as, to <i>preserve</i> appearances; to <i>preserve</i> silence.</def></p>

<p><col><b>To preserve game</b></col>, <cd>to protect it from extermination.</cd></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — To keep; save; secure; uphold; sustain; defend; spare; protect; guard; shield. See <u>Keep</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Pre*serve"</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To make preserves.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To protect game for purposes of sport.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*serve"</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>That which is preserved; fruit, etc., seasoned and kept by suitable preparation; esp., fruit cooked with sugar; — commonly in the plural.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A place in which game, fish, etc., are preserved for purposes of sport, or for food.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*serv"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who, or that which, preserves, saves, or defends, from destruction, injury, or decay; esp., one who saves the life or character of another.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>One who makes preserves of fruit.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Game preserver</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Game</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pre*show"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To foreshow.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*side"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Presided</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Presiding</u>.] [L. <i>praesidere</i>; <i>prae</i> before + <i>sedere</i> to sit: cf. F. <i>pr&eacute;sider</i>. See <u>Sit</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To be set, or to sit, in the place of authority; to occupy the place of president, chairman, moderator, director, etc.; to direct, control, and regulate, as chief officer; as, to <i>preside</i> at a public meeting; to <i>preside</i> over the senate.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To exercise superintendence; to watch over.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Some o'er the public magazines <i>preside</i>.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pres"i*dence</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Presidency</u>.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Pres"i*den*cy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Presidencies</b></plw> (#). [Cf. F. <i>pr&eacute;sidence</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The function or condition of one who presides; superintendence; control and care.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The office of president; as, Washington was elected to the <i>presidency</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>The term during which a president holds his office; as, during the <i>presidency</i> of Madison.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>One of the three great divisions of British India, the Bengal, Madras, and Bombay Presidencies, each of which had a council of which its governor was president.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pres"i*dent</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Precedent.</def> [Obs.] <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pres"i*dent</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Occupying the first rank or chief place; having the highest authority; presiding.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>His angels <i>president</i><BR> In every province.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pres"i*dent</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>pr&eacute;sident</i>, L. <i>praesidens</i>, <i>-entis</i>, p. pr. of <i>praesidere</i>. See <u>Preside</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who is elected or appointed to preside; a presiding officer, as of a legislative body.</def> Specifically: <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The chief officer of a corporation, company, institution, society, or the like.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The chief executive officer of the government in certain republics; as, the <i>president</i> of the United States.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A protector; a guardian; a presiding genius.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Just Apollo, <i>president</i> of verse.</blockquote> <i>Waller.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pres`i*den"tial</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Presiding or watching over.</def> "<i>Presidential</i> angels." <i>Glanvill.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Of or pertaining to a president; as, the <i>presidential</i> chair; a <i>presidential</i> election.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pres"i*dent*ship</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The office and dignity of president; presidency.</def> <i>Hooker.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*sid"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who presides.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pre*sid"i*al</hw> (?), <hw>Pre*sid"i*a*ry</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>praesidialis</i> and <i>praesidiarius</i>, fr. <i>praesidium</i> a presiding over, defense, guard. See <u>Preside</u>.] <def>Of or pertaining to a garrison; having a garrison.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>There are three <i>presidial</i> castles in this city.</blockquote> <i>Howell.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*sid"i*a*ry</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>praesidiarium</i>.] <def>A guard.</def> [Obs.] "Heavenly <i>presidiaries</i>." <i>Bp. Hall.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*sid"ing</hw> (?), <def><pos><i>a. & n.</i></pos> from <u>Preside</u>.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Presiding elder</b></col>. <cd>See under 2d <u>Elder</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>||Pre*si"di*o</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Sp.] <def>A place of defense; a fortress; a garrison; a fortress; a garrison or guardhouse.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*sig`ni*fi*ca"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [&?;. <i>praesignificatio</i>. See <u>Presignify</u>.] <def>The act of signifying or showing beforehand.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*sig"ni*fy</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Presignified</u> (?); <pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Presignifying</u>.] [L. <i>praesignificare</i>; <i>prae</i> before + <i>significare</i> to signify.] <def>To intimate or signify beforehand; to presage.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*sphe"noid</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Situated in front of the sphenoid bone; of or pertaining to the anterior part of the sphenoid bone (<i>i. e.</i>, the presphenoid bone).</def></p>

<p><col><b>Presphenoid bone</b></col> <i>(Anat.)</i>, <cd>the anterior part of the body of the sphenoid bone in front of the basisphenoid. It is usually a separate bone in the young or fetus, but becomes a part of the sphenoid in the adult.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pre*sphe"noid</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>The presphenoid bone.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre`sphe*noid"al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to the presphenoid bone; presphenoid.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*spi"nal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Prevertebral.</def></p>

<p><hw>Press</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>An East Indian insectivore (<i>Tupaia ferruginea</i>). It is arboreal in its habits, and has a bushy tail. The fur is soft, and varies from rusty red to maroon and to brownish black.</def></p>

<p><hw>Press</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [Corrupt. fr. <i>prest</i> ready money advanced, a loan; hence, earnest money given soldiers on entering service. See <u>Prest</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <def>To force into service, particularly into naval service; to impress.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>To peaceful peasant to the wars is <i>pressed</i>.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Press</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [For <i>prest</i>, confused with <i>press</i>.] <def>A commission to force men into public service, particularly into the navy.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I have misused the king's <i>press</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Press gang</b></col>, or <col><b>Pressgang</b></col>, <cd>a detachment of seamen under the command of an officer empowered to force men into the naval service. See <i>Impress gang</i>, under <u>Impress</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Press money</b></col>, <cd>money paid to a man enlisted into public service. See <i>Prest money</i>, under <u>Prest</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos></cd></p>

<p><hw>Press</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Pressed</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Pressing</u>.] [F. <i>presser</i>, fr. L. <i>pressare</i> to press, fr. <i>premere</i>, <i>pressum</i>, to press. Cf. <u>Print</u>, <pos><i>v.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To urge, or act upon, with force, as weight; to act upon by pushing or thrusting, in distinction from pulling; to crowd or compel by a gradual and continued exertion; to bear upon; to squeeze; to compress; as, we <i>press</i> the ground with the feet when we walk; we <i>press</i> the couch on which we repose; we <i>press</i> substances with the hands, fingers, or arms; we are <i>pressed</i> in a crowd.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Good measure, <i>pressed</i> down, and shaken together.</blockquote> <i>Luke vi. 38.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To squeeze, in order to extract the juice or contents of; to squeeze out, or express, from something.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>From sweet kernels <i>pressed</i>,<BR> She tempers dulcet creams.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>And I took the grapes, and <i>pressed</i> them into Pharaoh's cup, and I gave the cup into Pharaoh's hand.</blockquote> <i>Gen. xl. 11.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To squeeze in or with suitable instruments or apparatus, in order to compact, make dense, or smooth; as, to <i>press</i> cotton bales, paper, etc.; to smooth by ironing; as, to <i>press</i> clothes.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To embrace closely; to hug.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Leucothoe shook at these alarms,<BR> And <i>pressed</i> Palemon closer in her arms.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>To oppress; to bear hard upon.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Press</i> not a falling man too far.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>To straiten; to distress; as, to be <i>pressed</i> with want or hunger.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <def>To exercise very powerful or irresistible influence upon or over; to constrain; to force; to compel.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Paul was <i>pressed</i> in the spirit, and testified to the Jews that Jesus was Christ.</blockquote> <i>Acts xviii. 5.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>8.</b></sn> <def>To try to force (something upon some one); to urge or inculcate with earnestness or importunity; to enforce; as, to <i>press</i> divine truth on an audience.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He <i>pressed</i> a letter upon me within this hour.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Be sure to <i>press</i> upon him every motive.</blockquote> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>9.</b></sn> <def>To drive with violence; to hurry; to urge on; to ply hard; as, to <i>press</i> a horse in a race.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The posts . . . went cut, being hastened and <i>pressed</i> on, by the king's commandment.</blockquote> <i>Esther viii. 14.</i></p>

<p>&fist; <i>Press</i> differs from <i>drive</i> and <i>strike</i> in usually denoting a slow or continued application of force; whereas <i>drive</i> and <i>strike</i> denote a sudden impulse of force.</p>

<p><col><b>Pressed brick</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Brick</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Press</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To exert pressure; to bear heavily; to push, crowd, or urge with steady force.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To move on with urging and crowding; to make one's way with violence or effort; to bear onward forcibly; to crowd; to throng; to encroach.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>They <i>pressed</i> upon him for to touch him.</blockquote> <i>Mark iii. 10.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To urge with vehemence or importunity; to exert a strong or compelling influence; as, an argument <i>presses</i> upon the judgment.</def></p>

<p><hw>Press</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>presse</i>. See 4th <u>Press</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>An apparatus or machine by which any substance or body is pressed, squeezed, stamped, or shaped, or by which an impression of a body is taken; sometimes, the place or building containing a press or presses.</def></p>

<p>&fist; Presses are differently constructed for various purposes in the arts, their specific uses being commonly designated; as, a cotton <i>press</i>, a wine <i>press</i>, a cider <i>press</i>, a copying <i>press</i>, etc. See <u>Drill press</u>.</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Specifically, a printing press.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>The art or business of printing and publishing; hence, printed publications, taken collectively, more especially newspapers or the persons employed in writing for them; as, a free <i>press</i> is a blessing, a licentious <i>press</i> is a curse.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>An upright case or closet for the safe keeping of articles; as, a clothes <i>press</i>.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>The act of pressing or thronging forward.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>In their throng and <i>press</i> to that last hold.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>Urgent demands of business or affairs; urgency; as, a <i>press</i> of engagements.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <def>A multitude of individuals crowded together; &?; crowd of single things; a throng.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>They could not come nigh unto him for the <i>press</i>.</blockquote> <i>Mark ii. 4.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Cylinder press</b></col>, <cd>a printing press in which the impression is produced by a revolving cylinder under which the form passes; also, one in which the form of type or plates is curved around a cylinder, instead of resting on a flat bed.</cd> — <col><b>Hydrostatic press</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Hydrostatic</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Liberty of the press</b></col>, <cd>the free right of publishing books, pamphlets, or papers, without previous restraint or censorship, subject only to punishment for libelous, seditious, or morally pernicious matters.</cd> — <col><b>Press bed</b></col>, <cd>a bed that may be folded, and inclosed, in a press or closet.</cd> <i>Boswell.</i> — <col><b>Press of sail</b></col>, <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>as much sail as the state of the wind will permit.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Press"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who, or that which, presses.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Presser bar</b></col>, or <col><b>Presser wheel</b></col> <i>(Knitting machine)</i>, <cd>a bar or wheel which closes the barbs of the needles to enable the loops of the yarn to pass over them.</cd> — <col><b>Presser foot</b></col>, <cd>the part of a sewing machine which rests on the cloth and presses it down upon the table of the machine.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Press"gang`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <i>Press gang</i>, under <u>Press</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Press"ing</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Urgent; exacting; importunate; as, a <i>pressing</i> necessity.</def> — <wf>Press"ing*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Pres"sion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>pressio</i>: cf. F. <i>pression</i>. See 4th <u>Press</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of pressing; pressure.</def> <i>Sir I. Newton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Cartesian Philos.)</i> <def>An endeavor to move.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pres`si*ros"ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>presssus</i> pressed (p. p. of <i>premere</i>) + <i>rostrum</i> beak: cf. F. <i>pressirostre</i>. See 4th <u>Press</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of a tribe of wading birds (<i>Pressirostres</i>) including those which have a compressed beak, as the plovers.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pres`si*ros"tral</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to the pressirosters.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pres"si*tant</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See 4th <u>Press</u>.] <def>Gravitating; heavy.</def> [Obs.] <i>Dr. H. More.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pres"sive</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pressing; urgent; also, oppressive; as, <i>pressive</i> taxation.</def> [R.] <i>Bp. Hall.</i></p>

<p><hw>Press"ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>Closely; concisely.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Press"man</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Pressmen</b></plw> (&?;). <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who manages, or attends to, a press, esp. a printing press.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>One who presses clothes; as, a tailor's <i>pressman</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Press"man</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See 2d <u>Press</u>.] <def>One of a press gang, who aids in forcing men into the naval service; also, one forced into the service.</def></p>

<p><hw>Press"or</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Physiol.)</i> <def>Causing, or giving rise to, pressure or to an increase of pressure; as, <i>pressor</i> nerve fibers, stimulation of which excites the vasomotor center, thus causing a stronger contraction of the arteries and consequently an increase of the arterial blood pressure; — opposed to <i>depressor</i>.</def> <i>Landois & Stirling.</i></p>

<p><hw>Press"pack`</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To pack, or prepare for packing, by means of a press.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pres"sur*age</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Pressure.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The juice of the grape extracted by the press; also, a fee paid for the use of a wine press.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pres"sure</hw> (?; 138), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF., fr. L. <i>pressura</i>, fr. <i>premere</i>. See 4th <u>Press</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of pressing, or the condition of being pressed; compression; a squeezing; a crushing; as, a <i>pressure</i> of the hand.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A contrasting force or impulse of any kind; as, the <i>pressure</i> of poverty; the <i>pressure</i> of taxes; the <i>pressure</i> of motives on the mind; the <i>pressure</i> of civilization.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Where the <i>pressure</i> of danger was not felt.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Affliction; distress; grievance.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>My people's <i>pressures</i> are grievous.</blockquote> <i>Eikon Basilike.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>In the midst of his great troubles and <i>pressures</i>.</blockquote> <i>Atterbury.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Urgency; as, the <i>pressure</i> of business.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>Impression; stamp; character impressed.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>All saws of books, all forms, all <i>pressures</i> past.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <i>(Mech.)</i> <def>The action of a force against some obstacle or opposing force; a force in the nature of a thrust, distributed over a surface, often estimated with reference to the amount upon a unit's area.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Atmospheric pressure</b></col>, <col><b>Center of pressure</b></col>, etc. <cd>See under <u>Atmospheric</u>, <u>Center</u>, etc.</cd> — <col><b>Back pressure</b></col> <i>(Steam engine)</i>, <cd>pressure which resists the motion of the piston, as the pressure of exhaust steam which does not find free outlet.</cd> — <col><b>Fluid pressure</b></col>, <cd>pressure like that exerted by a fluid. It is a thrust which is normal and equally intense in all directions around a point.</cd> <i>Rankine.</i> — <col><b>Pressure gauge</b></col>, <cd>a gauge for indicating fluid pressure; a manometer.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Press"work`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The art of printing from the surface of type, plates, or engravings in relief, by means of a press; the work so done.</def> <i>MacKellar.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prest</hw> (pr&ebreve;st), <def><pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> of <u>Press</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prest</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [OF. <i>prest</i>, F. <i>pr&ecirc;t</i>, fr. L. <i>praestus</i> ready. Cf. <u>Presto</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Ready; prompt; prepared.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>All <i>prest</i> to such battle he was.</blockquote> <i>R. of Gloucester.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Neat; tidy; proper.</def> [Obs.] <i>Tusser.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Prest money</b></col>, <cd>money formerly paid to men when they enlisted into the British service; — so called because it bound those that received it to be ready for service when called upon.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Prest</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>prest</i>, F. <i>pr&ecirc;t</i>, fr. OF. <i>prester</i> to lend, F. <i>pr&ecirc;ter</i>, fr. L. <i>praestare</i> to stand before, to become surety for, to fulfill, offer, supply; <i>prae</i> before + <i>stare</i> to stand. See <u>Pre-</u>, and <u>Stand</u>, and cf. <u>Press</u> to force into service.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Ready money; a loan of money.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Requiring of the city a <i>prest</i> of six thousand marks.</blockquote> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Law)</i> <def>A duty in money formerly paid by the sheriff on his account in the exchequer, or for money left or remaining in his hands.</def> <i>Cowell.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prest</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To give as a loan; to lend.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Sums of money . . . <i>prested</i> out in loan.</blockquote> <i>E. Hall.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prest"a*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Payable.</def> [Scot.]</p>

<p><hw>Pres*ta"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>praestatio</i> a performing, paying, fr. <i>praestare</i>: cf. F. <i>prestation</i>.] <i>(O. Eng. Law)</i> <def>A payment of money; a toll or duty; also, the rendering of a service.</def> <i>Burrill.</i></p>

<p><! p. 1134 !></p>

<p><col><b>Prestation money</b></col>, <cd>a sum of money paid yearly by archdeacons and other dignitaries to their bishop.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pres"ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, from &?; to kindle or burn, and &?; to blow up, swell out by blowing.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A meteor or exhalation formerly supposed to be thrown from the clouds with such violence that by collision it is set on fire.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>pl.</i> <def>One of the veins of the neck when swollen with anger or other excitement.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Pres"ter</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>prestre</i>. See <u>Priest</u>.] <def>A priest or presbyter; as, <i>Prester</i> John.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Pre*ster"num</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>The anterior segment of the sternum; the manubrium.</def> — <wf>Pre*ster"nal</wf> (#), <pos><i>a.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Pres`ti*dig"i*tal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Nimble- fingered; having fingers fit for prestidigitation, or juggling.</def> [R.] "His <i>prestidigital</i> hand." <i>Charles Reade.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pres`ti*dig`i*ta"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Legerdemain; sleight of hand; juggling.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pres`ti*dig"i*ta`tor</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>praesto</i> ready + <i>digitus</i> finger: cf. F. <i>prestidigitateur</i>.] <def>One skilled in legerdemain or sleight of hand; a juggler.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pres"tige</hw> (?; 277), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., fr. L. <i>praestigum</i> delusion, illusion, <i>praestigae</i> deceptions, jugglers' tricks, prob. fr. <i>prae</i> before + the root of <i>stinguere</i> to extinguish, originally, to prick. See <u>Stick</u>, <pos><i>v.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Delusion; illusion; trick.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>The sophisms of infidelity, and the <i>prestiges</i> of imposture.</blockquote> <i>Bp. Warburton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Weight or influence derived from past success; expectation of future achievements founded on those already accomplished; force or charm derived from acknowledged character or reputation.</def> "The <i>prestige</i> of his name must go for something." <i>Sir G. C. Lewis.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pres*tig`i*a"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>praestigiare</i> to deceive by juggling tricks, fr. <i>praestigae</i>. See <u>Prestige</u>.] <def>Legerdemain; prestidigitation.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Pres*tig"i*a`tor</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>praestigiator</i>.] <def>A juggler; prestidigitator.</def> [Obs.] <i>Dr. H. More.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pres*tig"i*a*to*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Consisting of impostures; juggling.</def> [Obs.] <i>Barrow.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pres*tig"i*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>praestigiosus</i>.] <def>Practicing tricks; juggling.</def> [Obs.] <i>Cotton Mather.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pres"ti*mo*ny</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [LL. <i>praestimonium</i>, fr. L. <i>praestare</i> to furnish, supply: cf. F. <i>prestimonie</i>. See <u>Prest</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <i>(Canon Law)</i> <def>A fund for the support of a priest, without the title of a benefice. The patron in the collator.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pres*tis"si*mo</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> [It., superl. of <i>presto</i>.] <i>(Mus.)</i> <def>Very quickly; with great rapidity.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pres"to</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> [It. or Sp. <i>presto</i> quick, quickly. See <u>Prest</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Quickly; immediately; in haste; suddenly.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Presto</i>! begone! 'tis here again.</blockquote> <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Mus.)</i> <def>Quickly; rapidly; — a direction for a quick, lively movement or performance; quicker than allegro, or any rate of time except prestissimo.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*stric"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>praestrictio</i> a binding fast, fr. <i>praestringere</i>. See <u>Pre-</u>, and <u>Stringent</u>.] <def>Obstruction, dimness, or defect of sight.</def> [Obs.] <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*sul"tor</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>praesultor</i>; <i>prae</i> before + <i>salire</i> to dance.] <def>A leader in the dance.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Pre*sum"a*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>pr&eacute;sumable</i>.] <def>Such as may be presumed or supposed to be true; that seems entitled to belief without direct evidence.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*sum"a*bly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a presumable manner; by, or according to, presumption.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*sume"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Presumed</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Presuming</u>.] [F. <i>pr&eacute;sumer</i>, L. <i>praesumere</i>, <i>praesumptum</i>; <i>prae</i> before + <i>sumere</i> to take. See <u>Assume</u>, <u>Redeem</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To assume or take beforehand; esp., to do or undertake without leave or authority previously obtained.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Dare he <i>presume</i> to scorn us in this manner?</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Bold deed thou hast <i>presumed</i>, adventurous Eve.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To take or suppose to be true, or entitled to belief, without examination or proof, or on the strength of probability; to take for granted; to infer; to suppose.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Every man is to be <i>presumed</i> innocent till he is proved to be guilty.</blockquote> <i>Blackstone.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>What rests but that the mortal sentence pass, . . .
<BR>
Which he <i>presumes</i> already vain and void,<BR>
Because not yet inflicted?</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*sume"</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To suppose or assume something to be, or to be true, on grounds deemed valid, though not amounting to proof; to believe by anticipation; to infer; as, we may <i>presume</i> too far.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To venture, go, or act, by an assumption of leave or authority not granted; to go beyond what is warranted by the circumstances of the case; to venture beyond license; to take liberties; — often with <i>on</i> or <i>upon</i> before the ground of confidence.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Do not <i>presume</i> too much upon my love.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>This man <i>presumes</i> upon his parts.</blockquote> <i>Locke.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*sum"ed*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>By presumption.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*sum"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who presumes; also, an arrogant person.</def> <i>Sir H. Wotton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*sum"ing*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>Confidently; arrogantly.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*sump"tion</hw> (?; 215), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>praesumptio</i>: cf. F. <i>pr&eacute;somption</i>, OF. also <i>presumpcion</i>. See <u>Presume</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of presuming, or believing upon probable evidence; the act of assuming or taking for granted; belief upon incomplete proof.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Ground for presuming; evidence probable, but not conclusive; strong probability; reasonable supposition; as, the <i>presumption</i> is that an event has taken place.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>That which is presumed or assumed; that which is supposed or believed to be real or true, on evidence that is probable but not conclusive.</def> "In contradiction to these very plausible <i>presumptions</i>." <i>De Quincey.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>The act of venturing beyond due beyond due bounds; an overstepping of the bounds of reverence, respect, or courtesy; forward, overconfident, or arrogant opinion or conduct; presumptuousness; arrogance; effrontery.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Thy son I killed for his <i>presumption</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>I had the <i>presumption</i> to dedicate to you a very unfinished piece.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Conclusive presumption</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Conclusive</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Presumption of fact</b></col> <i>(Law)</i>, <cd>an argument of a fact from a fact; an inference as to the existence of one fact not certainly known, from the existence of some other fact known or proved, founded on a previous experience of their connection; supposition of the truth or real existence of something, without direct or positive proof of the fact, but grounded on circumstantial or probable evidence which entitles it to belief.</cd> <i>Burrill.</i> <i>Best.</i> <i>Wharton.</i> — <col><b>Presumption of law</b></col> <i>(Law)</i>, <cd>a postulate applied in advance to all cases of a particular class; <i>e. g.</i>, the presumption of innocence and of regularity of records. Such a presumption is rebuttable or irrebuttable.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pre*sump"tive</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>pr&eacute;somptif</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Based on presumption or probability; grounded on probable evidence; probable; as, <i>presumptive</i> proof.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Presumptuous; arrogant.</def> [R.] <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Presumptive evidence</b></col> <i>(Law)</i>, <cd>that which is derived from circumstances which necessarily or usually attend a fact, as distinct from direct evidence or positive proof; indirect or circumstantial evidence. "<i>Presumptive</i> evidence of felony should be cautiously admitted." <i>Blackstone.</i> The distinction, however, between direct and presumptive (or circumstantial) evidence is now generally abandoned; all evidence being now more or less direct and more or less presumptive.</cd> — <col><b>Presumptive heir</b></col>. <cd>See <i>Heir presumptive</i>, under <u>Heir</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pre*sump"tive*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>By presumption, or supposition grounded or probability; presumably.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*sump"tu*ous</hw> (?; 135), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>praesumptuosus</i>: cf. F. <i>pr&eacute;somptueux</i>, OF. also <i>presumptuous</i>. See <u>Presumption</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Full of presumption; presuming; overconfident or venturesome; audacious; rash; taking liberties unduly; arrogant; insolent; as, a <i>presumptuous</i> commander; <i>presumptuous</i> conduct.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A class of <i>presumptuous</i> men, whom age has not made cautious, nor adversity wise.</blockquote> <i>Buckminster.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Founded on presumption; as, a <i>presumptuous</i> idea.</def> "False, <i>presumptuous</i> hope." <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Done with hold design, rash confidence, or in violation of known duty; willful.</def> "Keep back the servant also from <i>presumptuous</i> sins." <i>Ps. xix. 13.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Overconfident; foolhardy; rash; presuming; forward; arrogant; insolent.</p>

<p><hw>Pre*sump"tu*ous*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a presumptuous manner; arrogantly.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*sump"tu*ous*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality or state of being presumptuous.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre`sup*pos"al</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Presupposition.</def> [R.] "<i>Presupposal</i> of knowledge." <i>Hooker.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre`sup*pose"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Presupposed</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Presupposing</u>.] [Pref. <i>pre-</i> + <i>suppose</i>: cf. F. <i>pr&eacute;supposer</i>.] <def>To suppose beforehand; to imply as antecedent; to take for granted; to assume; as, creation <i>presupposes</i> a creator.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Each [kind of knowledge] <i>presupposes</i> many necessary things learned in other sciences, and known beforehand.</blockquote> <i>Hooker.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*sup`po*si"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>pre-</i> +<i> supposition</i>: cf. F. <i>pr&eacute;supposition</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of presupposing; an antecedent implication; presumption.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>That which is presupposed; a previous supposition or surmise.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre`sur*mise"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A surmise previously formed.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre`sys*tol"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Physiol.)</i> <def>Preceding the systole or contraction of the heart; as, the <i>presystolic</i> friction sound.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*tem"po*ral</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Situated in front of the temporal bone.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*tence"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, <hw>Pre*tence"ful</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>, <hw>Pre*tence"*less</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Pretense</u>, <u>Pretenseful</u>, <u>Pretenseless</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*tend"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Pretended</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Pretending</u>.] [OE. <i>pretenden</i> to lay claim to, F. <i>pr&eacute;tendre</i>, L. <i>praetendere</i>, <i>praetentum</i>, to stretch forward, pretend, simulate, assert; <i>prae</i> before + <i>tendere</i> to stretch. See <u>Tend</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> ] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To lay a claim to; to allege a title to; to claim.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Chiefs shall be grudged the part which they <i>pretend</i>.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To hold before, or put forward, as a cloak or disguise for something else; to exhibit as a veil for something hidden.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Lest that too heavenly form, <i>pretended</i><BR> To hellish falsehood, snare them.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To hold out, or represent, falsely; to put forward, or offer, as true or real (something untrue or unreal); to show hypocritically, or for the purpose of deceiving; to simulate; to feign; as, to <i>pretend</i> friendship.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>This let him know,<BR> Lest, willfully transgressing, he <i>pretend</i><BR> Surprisal.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To intend; to design; to plot; to attempt.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Such as shall <i>pretend</i><BR> Malicious practices against his state.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>To hold before one; to extend.</def> [Obs.] "His target always over her <i>pretended</i>." <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*tend"</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To put in, or make, a claim, truly or falsely; to allege a title; to lay claim to, or strive after, something; — usually with <i>to</i>.</def> "Countries that <i>pretend</i> to freedom." <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>For to what fine he would anon <i>pretend</i>,<BR> That know I well.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To hold out the appearance of being, possessing, or performing; to profess; to make believe; to feign; to sham; as, to <i>pretend</i> to be asleep.</def> "[He] <i>pretended</i> to drink the waters." <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*tend"ant</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A pretender; a claimant.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*tend"ed</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Making a false appearance; unreal; false; as, <i>pretended</i> friend.</def> — <wf>Pre*tend"ed*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Pre*tend"ence</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The act of pretending; pretense.</def> [Obs.] <i>Daniel.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*tend"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who lays claim, or asserts a title (to something); a claimant.</def> Specifically, <def><i>The pretender</i> <i>(Eng. Hist.)</i>, the son or the grandson of James II., the heir of the royal family of Stuart, who laid claim to the throne of Great Britain, from which the house was excluded by law.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>It is the shallow, unimproved intellects that are the confident <i>pretenders</i> to certainty.</blockquote> <i>Glanvill.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>One who pretends, simulates, or feigns.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*tend"er*ship</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The character, right, or claim of a pretender.</def> <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*tend"ing*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>As by right or title; arrogantly; presumptuously.</def> <i>Collier.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pre*tense"</hw>, <hw>Pre*tence</hw> } (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [LL. <i>praetensus</i>, for L. <i>praetentus</i>, p. p. of <i>praetendere</i>. See <u>Pretend</u>, and cf. <u>Tension</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of laying claim; the claim laid; assumption; pretension.</def> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Primogeniture can not have any <i>pretense</i> to a right of solely inheriting property or power.</blockquote> <i>Locke.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>I went to Lambeth with Sir R. Brown's <i>pretense</i> to the wardenship of Merton College, Oxford.</blockquote> <i>Evelyn.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The act of holding out, or offering, to others something false or feigned; presentation of what is deceptive or hypocritical; deception by showing what is unreal and concealing what is real; false show; simulation; as, <i>pretense</i> of illness; under <i>pretense</i> of patriotism; on <i>pretense</i> of revenging C&aelig;sar's death.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>That which is pretended; false, deceptive, or hypocritical show, argument, or reason; pretext; feint.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Let not the Trojans, with a feigned <i>pretense</i><BR> Of proffered peace, delude the Latian prince.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Intention; design.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>A very <i>pretense</i> and purpose of unkindness.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p>&fist; See the <u>Note</u> under <u>Offense</u>.</p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Mask; appearance; color; show; pretext; excuse. — <u>Pretense</u>, <u>Pretext</u>. A <i>pretense</i> is something held out as real when it is not so, thus falsifying the truth. A <i>pretext</i> is something woven up in order to cover or conceal one's true motives, feelings, or reasons. <i>Pretext</i> is often, but not always, used in a bad sense.</p>

<p><hw>Pre*tensed"</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pretended; feigned.</def> [Obs.] — <wf>Pre*tens"ed*ly</wf> (#), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Pre*tense"ful</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Abounding in pretenses.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*tense"less</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Not having or making pretenses.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*ten"sion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>pr&eacute;tention</i>. See <u>Pretend</u>, <u>Tension</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of pretending, or laying claim; the act of asserting right or title.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The arrogant <i>pretensions</i> of Glengarry contributed to protract the discussion.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A claim made, whether true or false; a right alleged or assumed; a holding out the appearance of possessing a certain character; as, <i>pretensions</i> to scholarship.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>This was but an invention and <i>pretension</i> given out by the Spaniards.</blockquote> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Men indulge those opinions and practices that favor their <i>pretensions</i>.</blockquote> <i>L'Estrange.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*ten"ta*tive</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>pre- </i> + <i>tentative</i>: cf. L. <i>praetentare</i> to try beforehand.] <def>Fitted for trial beforehand; experimental.</def> [R.] <i>Sir H. Wotton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*ten"tious</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>pr&eacute;tentieux</i>. See <u>Pretend</u>.] <def>Full of pretension; disposed to lay claim to more than is one's; presuming; assuming.</def> — <wf>Pre*ten"tious*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> - - <wf>Pre*ten"tious*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Pre"ter-</hw> (?). [L. <i>praeter</i> past, beyond, originally a compar. of <i>prae</i> before. See <u>For</u>, <i>prep</i>.] <def>A prefix signifying <i>past</i>, <i>by</i>, <i>beyond</i>, <i>more than</i>; as, <i>preter-</i> mission, a permitting to go by; <i>preter</i>natural, beyond or more than is natural.</def> [Written also <i>pr&aelig;ter</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Pre`ter*hu"man</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>preter- </i> + <i>human</i>.] <def>More than human.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*te"ri*ent</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>praeteriens</i>, p. pr. See <u>Preterit</u>.] <def>Passed through; antecedent; previous; as, <i>preterient</i> states.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Pre`ter*im*per"fect</hw> (?), <pos><i>a. & n.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>preter-</i> + <i>imperfect</i>.] <i>(Gram.)</i> <def>Old name of the tense also called <i>imperfect</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pret"er*ist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>preter- </i> + <i>-ist</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One whose chief interest is in the past; one who regards the past with most pleasure or favor.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Theol.)</i> <def>One who believes the prophecies of the Apocalypse to have been already fulfilled.</def> <i>Farrar.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pret"er*it</hw> (?; 277), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>praeteritus</i>, p. p. of <i>praeterire</i> to go or pass by; <i>praeter</i> beyond, by + <i>ire</i> to go: cf. F. <i>pr&eacute;t&eacute;rit</i>. See <u>Issue</u>.] [Written also <i>preterite</i> and <i>pr&aelig;terite</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Gram.)</i> <def>Past; — applied to a tense which expresses an action or state as past.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Belonging wholly to the past; passed by.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Things and persons as thoroughly <i>preterite</i> as Romulus or Numa.</blockquote> <i>Lowell.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pret"er*it</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Gram.)</i> <def>The preterit; also, a word in the preterit tense.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pret"er*ite</hw> (?), <pos><i>a. & n.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Preterit</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pret"er*ite*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Preteritness</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre`ter*i"tion</hw> (?; 277), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>praeteritio</i>: cf. F. <i>pr&eacute;t&eacute;rition</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of passing, or going past; the state of being past.</def> <i>Bp. Hall.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Rhet.)</i> <def>A figure by which, in pretending to pass over anything, a summary mention of it is made; as, "I will not say, he is valiant, he is learned, he is just." Called also <i>paraleipsis</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Law)</i> <def>The omission by a testator of some one of his heirs who is entitled to a portion.</def> <i>Bouvier.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*ter"i*tive</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Gram.)</i> <def>Used only or chiefly in the preterit or past tenses, as certain verbs.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pret"er*it*ness</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality or state of being past.</def> <i>Bentley. Lowell.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre`ter*lapsed"</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>praeterlapsus</i>, p. p. of <i>praeterlabi</i> to glide by. See <u>Preter-</u>, <u>Lapse</u>.] <def>Past; as, <i>preterlapsed</i> ages.</def> [R.] <i>Glanvill.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre`ter*le"gal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>preter- </i> + <i>legal</i>.] <def>Exceeding the limits of law.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><! p. 1135 !></p>

<p><hw>Pre`ter*mis"sion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>praetermissio</i>. See <u>Pretermit</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of passing by or omitting; omission.</def> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Rhet.)</i> <def>See <u>Preterition</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre`ter*mit"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Pretermitted</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Pretermitting</u>.] [L. <i>praetermittere</i>, <i>praetermissum</i>; <i>praeter</i> beyond + <i>mittere</i> to send. See <u>Mission</u>.] <def>To pass by; to omit; to disregard.</def> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre`ter*nat"u*ral</hw> (?; 135), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>preter + natural</i>.] <def>Beyond of different from what is natural, or according to the regular course of things, but not clearly supernatural or miraculous; strange; inexplicable; extraordinary; uncommon; irregular; abnormal; as, a <i>preternatural</i> appearance; a <i>preternatural</i> stillness; a <i>preternatural</i> presentation (in childbirth) or labor.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>This vile and <i>preternatural</i> temper of mind.</blockquote> <i>South.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — See <u>Supernatural</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Pre`ter*nat"u*ral*ism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The state of being preternatural; a preternatural condition.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre`ter*nat`u*ral"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Preternaturalness.</def> [R.] <i>Dr. John Smith.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre`ter*nat"u*ral*ly</hw> (?; 135), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a preternatural manner or degree.</def> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre`ter*nat"u*ral*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality or state of being preternatural.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre`ter*per"fect</hw> (?), <pos><i>a. & n.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>preter-</i> + <i>perfect</i>.] <i>(Gram.)</i> <def>Old name of the tense also called <i>preterit</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre`ter*plu"per`fect</hw> (?), <pos><i>a. & n.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>preter-</i> + <i>pluperfect</i>.] <i>(Gram.)</i> <def>Old name of the tense also called <i>pluperfect</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*ter"ti*a*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Geol.)</i> <def>Earlier than Tertiary.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre`ter*vec"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>praetervectio</i>, fr. <i>praetervehere</i> to carry beyond. See <u>Invection</u>.] <def>The act of carrying past or beyond.</def> [R.] <i>Abp. Potter.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*tex"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [L. <i>praetexere</i>. See <u>Pretext</u>.] <def>To frame; to devise; to disguise or excuse; hence, to pretend; to declare falsely.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Pre"text</hw> (?; 277), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>pr&eacute;texte</i>, L. <i>praetextum</i>, fr. <i>praetextus</i>, p. p. of <i>praetexere</i> to weave before, allege as an excuse; <i>prae</i> before + <i>texere</i> to weave. See <u>Text</u>.] <def>Ostensible reason or motive assigned or assumed as a color or cover for the real reason or motive; pretense; disguise.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>They suck the blood of those they depend on, under a <i>pretext</i> of service and kindness.</blockquote> <i>L'Estrange.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>With how much or how little <i>pretext</i> of reason.</blockquote> <i>Dr. H. More.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Pretense; excuse; semblance; disguise; appearance. See <u>Pretense</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Pre*tex"ture</hw> (?; 135), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A pretext.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Pre*tib"i*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Situated in front of the tibia.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre"tor</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>praetor</i>, for <i>praeitor</i>, fr. <i>praeire</i> to go before; <i>prae</i> before + <i>ire</i> to go. See <u>Issue</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Rom. Antiq.)</i> <def>A civil officer or magistrate among the ancient Romans.</def></p>

<p>&fist; Originally the <i>pretor</i> was a kind of third consul; but at an early period two pretors were appointed, the first of whom (<i>praetor urbanus</i>) was a kind of mayor or city judge; the other (<i>praetor peregrinus</i>) was a judge of cases in which one or both of the parties were foreigners. Still later, the number of pretors, or judges, was further increased.</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Hence, a mayor or magistrate.</def> [R.] <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*to"ri*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pretorian.</def> <i>Burke.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*to"ri*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>praetorians</i>: cf. F. <i>pr&eacute;torien</i>.] <def>Of or pertaining to a pretor or magistrate; judicial; exercised by, or belonging to, a pretor; as, <i>pretorian</i> power or authority.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Pretorian bands</b></col> or <col><b>guards</b></col>, or <col><b>Pretorians</b></col> <i>(Rom. Hist.)</i>, <cd>the emperor's bodyguards, instituted by the Emperor Augustus in nine cohorts of 1,000 men each.</cd> — <col><b>Pretorian gate</b></col> <i>(Rom. Antiq.)</i>, <cd>that one of the four gates in a camp which lay next the enemy.</cd> <i>Brande & C.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*to"ri*an</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A soldier of the pretorian guard.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pre*to"ri*um</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>praetorium</i>, fr. <i>praetor</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The general's tent in a Roman camp; hence, a council of war, because held in the general's tent.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The official residence of a governor of a province; hence, a place; a splendid country seat.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre"tor*ship</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The office or dignity of a pretor.</def> <i>J. Warton</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*tor"ture</hw> (?; 135), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To torture beforehand.</def> <i>Fuller.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pret"ti*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a pretty manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pret"ti*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality or state of being pretty; — used sometimes in a disparaging sense.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A style . . . without sententious pretension or antithetical <i>prettiness</i>.</blockquote> <i>Jeffrey.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pret"ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<pos><i>Compar.</i></pos> <u>Prettier</u> (?); <pos><i>superl.</i></pos> <u>Prettiest</u>.] [OE. <i>prati</i>, AS. <i>pr&aelig;ttig</i>, <i>pr&aelig;tig</i>, crafty, sly, akin to <i>pr&aelig;t</i>, <i>pr&aelig;tt</i>, deceit, trickery, Icel. <i>prettugr</i> tricky, <i>prettr</i> a trick; probably fr. Latin, perhaps through Celtic; cf. W. <i>praith</i> act, deed, practice, LL. <i>practica</i> execution, practice, plot. See <u>Practice</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Pleasing by delicacy or grace; attracting, but not striking or impressing; of a pleasing and attractive form a color; having slight or diminutive beauty; neat or elegant without elevation or grandeur; pleasingly, but not grandly, conceived or expressed; as, a <i>pretty</i> face; a <i>pretty</i> flower; a <i>pretty</i> poem.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>This is the <i>prettiest</i> lowborn lass that ever<BR> Ran on the greensward.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Moderately large; considerable; as, he had saved a <i>pretty</i> fortune.</def> "Wavering a <i>pretty</i> while." <i>Evelyn.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Affectedly nice; foppish; — used in an ill sense.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>pretty</i> gentleman is the most complaisant in the world.</blockquote> <i>Spectator.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Mean; despicable; contemptible; — used ironically; as, a <i>pretty</i> trick; a <i>pretty</i> fellow.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>Stout; strong and brave; intrepid; valiant.</def> [Scot.]</p>

<p><blockquote>[He] observed they were <i>pretty</i> men, meaning not handsome.</blockquote> <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Elegant; neat; fine. See <u>Handsome</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Pret"ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In some degree; moderately; considerably; rather; almost; — less emphatic than <i>very</i>; as, I am <i>pretty</i> sure of the fact; <i>pretty</i> cold weather.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Pretty</i> plainly professes himself a sincere Christian.</blockquote> <i>Atterbury.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pret"ty*ish</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Somewhat pretty.</def> <i>Walpole.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pret"ty*ism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Affectation of a pretty style, manner, etc.</def> [R.] <i>Ed. Rev.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pret"ty-spo`ken</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Spoken or speaking prettily.</def> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><hw>Pre*typ"i*fy</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Pretypified</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Pretypifying</u>.] <def>To prefigure; to exhibit previously in a type.</def> <i>Bp. Pearson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pret"zel</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [G. <i>pretzel</i>, <i>bretzel</i>. Cf. <u>Bretzel</u>.] <def>A kind of German biscuit or cake in the form of a twisted ring, salted on the outside.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*vail"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Prevailed</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Prevailing</u>.] [F. <i>pr&eacute;valoir</i>, OF. <i>prevaleir</i>, L. <i>praevalere</i>; <i>prae</i> before + <i>valere</i> to be strong, able, or worth. See <u>Valiant</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To overcome; to gain the victory or superiority; to gain the advantage; to have the upper hand, or the mastery; to succeed; — sometimes with <i>over</i> or <i>against</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>When Moses held up his hand, Israel <i>prevailed</i>, and when he let down his hand, Amalek <i>prevailed</i>.</blockquote> <i>Ex. xvii. 11.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>So David <i>prevailed</i> over the Philistine.</blockquote> <i>1 Sam. xvii. 50.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>This kingdom could never <i>prevail</i> against the united power of <i>England</i>.</blockquote> <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To be in force; to have effect, power, or influence; to be predominant; to have currency or prevalence; to obtain; as, the practice <i>prevails</i> this day.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>This custom makes the short-sighted bigots, and the warier skeptics, as far as it <i>prevails</i>.</blockquote> <i>Locke.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To persuade or induce; — with <i>on</i>, <i>upon</i>, or <i>with</i>; as, I <i>prevailed</i>on him to wait.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He was <i>prevailed</i> with to restrain the Earl.</blockquote> <i>Clarendon.</i></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Prevail</i> upon some judicious friend to be your constant hearer, and allow him the utmost freedom.</blockquote> <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*vail"ing</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Having superior force or influence; efficacious; persuasive.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Saints shall assist thee with <i>prevailing</i> prayers.</blockquote> <i>Rowe.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Predominant; prevalent; most general; as, the <i>prevailing</i> disease of a climate; a <i>prevailing</i> opinion.</def></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> See <u>Prevalent</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Pre*vail"ing*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>So as to prevail.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*vail"ment</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Prevalence; superior influence; efficacy.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prev"a*lence</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>praevalentia</i>: cf. F. <i>pr&eacute;valence</i>. See <u>Prevail</u>.] <def>The quality or condition of being prevalent; superior strength, force, or influence; general existence, reception, or practice; wide extension; as, the <i>prevalence</i> of virtue, of a fashion, or of a disease; the <i>prevalence</i> of a rumor.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The duke better knew what kind of argument were of <i>prevalence</i> with him.</blockquote> <i>Clarendon.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prev"a*len*cy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Prevalence</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prev"a*lent</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>praevalens</i>, <i>-entis</i>, p. pr. of <i>praevalere</i>. See <u>Prevail</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Gaining advantage or superiority; having superior force, influence, or efficacy; prevailing; predominant; successful; victorious.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Brennus told the Roman embassadors, that <i>prevalent</i> arms were as good as any title.</blockquote> <i>Sir W. Raleigh.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Most generally received or current; most widely adopted or practiced; also, generally or extensively existing; widespread; prevailing; as, a <i>prevalent</i> observance; <i>prevalent</i> disease.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>This was the most received and <i>prevalent</i> opinion.</blockquote> <i>Woodward.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Prevailing; predominant; successful; efficacious; powerful. — <u>Prevalent</u>, <u>Prevailing</u>. What customarily prevails is <i>prevalent</i>; as, a <i>prevalent</i> fashion. What actually prevails is <i>prevailing</i>; as, the <i>prevailing</i> winds are west. Hence, <i>prevailing</i> is the livelier and more pointed word, since it represents a thing in action. It is sometimes the stronger word, since a thing may prevail sufficiently to be called <i>prevalent</i>, and yet require greater strength to make it actually <i>prevailing</i>.</p>

<p><hw>Prev"a*lent"ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a prevalent manner.</def> <i>Prior.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*var"i*cate</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Prevaricated</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Prevaricating</u>.] [L. <i>praevaricatus</i>, p. p. of <i>praevaricari</i> to walk crookedly, to collude; <i>prae</i> before + <i>varicare</i> to straddle, fr. <i>varicus</i> straddling, <i>varus</i> bent. See <u>Varicose</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To shift or turn from one side to the other, from the direct course, or from truth; to speak with equivocation; to shuffle; to quibble; as, he <i>prevaricates</i> in his statement.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He <i>prevaricates</i> with his own understanding.</blockquote> <i>South.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Civil Law)</i> <def>To collude, as where an informer colludes with the defendant, and makes a sham prosecution.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Eng. Law)</i> <def>To undertake a thing falsely and deceitfully, with the purpose of defeating or destroying it.</def></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — To evade; equivocate; quibble; shuffle. — <u>Prevaricate</u>, <u>Evade</u>, <u>Equivocate</u>. One who <i>evades</i> a question ostensibly answers it, but really turns aside to some other point. He who <i>equivocate</i> uses words which have a double meaning, so that in one sense he can claim to have said the truth, though he does in fact deceive, and intends to do it. He who <i>prevaricates</i> talks all round the question, hoping to "dodge" it, and disclose nothing.</p>

<p><hw>Pre*var"i*cate</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To evade by a quibble; to transgress; to pervert.</def> [Obs.] <i>Jer. Taylor.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*var`i*ca"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>praevaricatio</i>: cf. F. <i>pr&eacute;varication</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of prevaricating, shuffling, or quibbling, to evade the truth or the disclosure of truth; a deviation from the truth and fair dealing.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The august tribunal of the skies, where no <i>prevarication</i> shall avail.</blockquote> <i>Cowper.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A secret abuse in the exercise of a public office.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Law)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <i>(Roman Law)</i> <def>The collusion of an informer with the defendant, for the purpose of making a sham prosecution.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <i>(Common Law)</i> <def>A false or deceitful seeming to undertake a thing for the purpose of defeating or destroying it.</def> <i>Cowell.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*var"i*ca`tor</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>praevaricator</i>: cf. F. <i>pr&eacute;varicateur</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who prevaricates.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Roman Law)</i> <def>A sham dealer; one who colludes with a defendant in a sham prosecution.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>One who betrays or abuses a trust.</def> <i>Prynne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Preve</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i. & i.</i></pos> <def>To prove.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Preve</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Proof.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prev"e*nance</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>pr&eacute;venance</i>.] <i>(Metaph.)</i> <def>A going before; anticipation in sequence or order.</def> "The law of <i>prevenance</i> is simply the well-known law of phenomenal sequence." <i>Ward.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prev"e*nan*cy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The act of anticipating another's wishes, desires, etc., in the way of favor or courtesy; hence, civility; obligingness.</def> [Obs.] <i>Sterne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*vene"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t. & i.</i></pos> [F. <i>pr&eacute;venir</i>, L. <i>praevenire</i>. See <u>Prevent</u>.] <def>To come before; to anticipate; hence, to hinder; to prevent.</def> [Obs.] <i>Philips.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*ven"i*ence</hw> (?; 106), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The act of going before; anticipation.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Pre*ven"i*ent</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>praeveniens</i>, p. pr.] <def>Going before; preceding; hence, preventive.</def> "<i>Prevenient</i> grace descending." <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*vent"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Prevented</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Preventing</u>.] [L. <i>praevenire</i>, <i>praeventum</i>; <i>prae</i> before + <i>venire</i> to come. See <u>Come</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To go before; to precede; hence, to go before as a guide; to direct.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>We which are alive and remain unto the coming of the Lord shall not <i>prevent</i> them which are asleep.</blockquote> <i>1 Thess. iv. 15.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>We pray thee that thy grace may always <i>prevent</i> and follow us.</blockquote> <i>Bk. of Common Prayer.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Then had I come, <i>preventing</i> Sheba's queen.</blockquote> <i>Prior.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To be beforehand with; to anticipate.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Their ready guilt <i>preventing</i> thy commands.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To intercept; to hinder; to frustrate; to stop; to thwart.</def> "This vile purpose to <i>prevent</i>." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Perhaps forestalling night <i>prevented</i> them.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*vent"</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To come before the usual time.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Strawberries . . . will <i>prevent</i> and come early.</blockquote> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*vent`a*bil"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality or state of being preventable.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*vent"a*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Capable of being prevented or hindered; as, <i>preventable</i> diseases.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*vent"a*tive</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>That which prevents; — incorrectly used instead of <i>preventive</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*vent"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who goes before; one who forestalls or anticipates another.</def> [Obs.] <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>One who prevents or obstructs; a hinderer; that which hinders; as, a <i>preventer</i> of evils or of disease.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>An auxiliary rope to strengthen a mast.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Preventer bolts</b></col>, or <col><b>Preventer plates</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>fixtures connected with preventers to re&euml;nforce other rigging.</cd> — <col><b>Preventer stay</b></col>. <i>(Naut.)</i> <cd>Same as <u>Preventer</u>, 3.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pre*vent"ing*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>So as to prevent or hinder.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*ven"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>pr&eacute;vention</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of going, or state of being, before.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>The greater the distance, the greater the <i>prevention</i>.</blockquote> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Anticipation; esp., anticipation of needs or wishes; hence, precaution; forethought.</def> [Obs.] <i>Hammond. Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>The act of preventing or hindering; obstruction of action, access, or approach; thwarting.</def> <i>South.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Casca, be sudden, for we fear <i>prevention</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Prejudice; prepossession.</def> [A Gallicism] <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*ven"tion*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Tending to prevent.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Pre*vent"ive</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>pr&eacute;ventif</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Going before; preceding.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Any previous counsel or <i>preventive</i> understanding.</blockquote> <i>Cudworth.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Tending to defeat or hinder; obviating; preventing the access of; as, a medicine <i>preventive</i> of disease.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Physic is either curative or <i>preventive</i>.</blockquote> <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Preventive service</b></col>, <cd>the duty performed by the armed police in guarding the coast against smuggling.</cd> [Eng]</p>

<p><hw>Pre*vent"ive</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>That which prevents, hinders, or obstructs; that which intercepts access; in medicine, something to prevent disease; a prophylactic.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*vent"ive*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a preventive manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*ver"te*bral</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Situated immediately in front, or on the ventral side, of the vertebral column; prespinal.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre"vi*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>praevius</i> going before, leading the way; <i>prae</i> before + <i>via</i> the way. See <u>Voyage</u>.] <def>Going before in time; being or happening before something else; antecedent; prior; as, <i>previous</i> arrangements; a <i>previous</i> illness.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The dull sound . . . <i>previous</i> to the storm,<BR> Rolls o'er the muttering earth.</blockquote> <i>Thomson.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Previous question</b></col>. <i>(Parliamentary Practice)</i> <cd>See under <u>Question</u>, and compare <u>Closure</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Previous to</b></col>, <cd>before; — often used adverbially for <i>previously</i>.</cd> "<i>Previous to</i> publication." <i>M. Arnold.</i> "A policy . . . his friends had advised <i>previous to</i> 1710." <i>J. H. Newman.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Antecedent; preceding; anterior; prior; foregoing; former.</p>

<p><hw>Pre"vi*ous*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>Beforehand; antecedently; as, a plan <i>previously</i> formed.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre"vi*ous*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality or state of being previous; priority or antecedence in time.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pre*vise"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [L. <i>praevisus</i>, p. p. of <i>praevidere</i> to foresee; <i>prae</i> before + <i>videre</i> to see. See <u>Vision</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To foresee.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To inform beforehand; to warn.</def> <i>Ld. Lytton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*vi"sion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>pr&eacute;vision</i>.] <def>Foresight; foreknowledge; prescience.</def> <i>H. Spencer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*voy"ant</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [F. <i>pr&eacute;voyant</i>.] <def>Foreseeing; prescient.</def> [R.] <i>Mrs. Oliphant.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pre*warn"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t. & i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Prewarned</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Prewarning</u>.] <def>To warn beforehand; to forewarn.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><! p. 1136 !></p>

<p><hw>Prey</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>preie</i>, F. <i>proie</i>, L. <i>praeda</i>, probably for <i>praeheda</i>. See <u>Prehensile</u>, and cf. <u>Depredate</u>, <u>Predatory</u>.] <def>Anything, as goods, etc., taken or got by violence; anything taken by force from an enemy in war; spoil; booty; plunder.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>And they brought the captives, and the <i>prey</i>, and the spoil, unto Moses, and Eleazar the priest.</blockquote> <i>Num. xxxi. 12.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>That which is or may be seized by animals or birds to be devoured; hence, a person given up as a victim.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The old lion perisheth for lack of <i>prey</i>.</blockquote> <i>Job iv. ii.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Already sees herself the monster's <i>prey</i>.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>The act of devouring other creatures; ravage.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Hog in sloth, fox in stealth, . . . lion in <i>prey</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Beast of prey</b></col>, <cd>a carnivorous animal; one that feeds on the flesh of other animals.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Prey</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Preyed</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Preying</u>.] [OF. <i>preier</i>, <i>preer</i>, L. <i>praedari</i>, fr. <i>praeda</i>. See <u>Prey</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <def>To take booty; to gather spoil; to ravage; to take food by violence.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>More pity that the eagle should be mewed,<BR> While kites and buzzards <i>prey</i> at liberty.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><col><b>To prey on</b></col> or <col><b>upon</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>To take prey from; to despoil; to pillage; to rob</cd>. <i>Shak.</i> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>To seize as prey; to take for food by violence; to seize and devour.</cd> <i>Shak.</i> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <cd>To wear away gradually; to cause to waste or pine away; as, the trouble <i>preyed upon</i> his mind.</cd> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prey"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who, or that which, preys; a plunderer; a waster; a devourer.</def> <i>Hooker.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prey"ful</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Disposed to take prey.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>preyful</i> brood of savage beasts.</blockquote> <i>Chapman.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Rich in prey.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Pre*zyg`a*poph"y*sis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Prezygapophyses</b></plw> (#). [NL. See <u>Pre- </u>, and <u>Zygapophysis</u>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>An anterior zygapophysis.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pri"al</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A corruption of <i>pair royal</i>. See under <u>Pair</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></def></p>

<p><hw>Pri"an</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cornish, clayey ground, from <i>pri</i> clay.] <i>(Mining)</i> <def>A fine, white, somewhat friable clay; also, the ore contained in a mixture of clay and pebbles.</def> [Written also <i>pryan</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Pri`a*pe"an</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. L. <i>Priapeius</i> pertaining to Priapus.] <i>(Lat. Pros.)</i> <def>A species of hexameter verse so constructed as to be divisible into two portions of three feet each, having generally a trochee in the first and the fourth foot, and an amphimacer in the third; — applied also to a regular hexameter verse when so constructed as to be divisible into two portions of three feet each.</def> <i>Andrews.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pri"a*pism</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>priapismus</i>, Gr. &?;, from <i>Priapus</i> the god of procreation, the penis, Gr. &?;: cf. F. <i>priapisme</i>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>More or less permanent erection and rigidity of the penis, with or without sexual desire.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pri*ap`u*la"ce*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Priapism</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A suborder of Gephyr&aelig;a, having a cylindrical body with a terminal anal opening, and usually with one or two caudal gills.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pric"a*sour</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A hard rider.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Price</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>pris</i>, OF. <i>pris</i>, F. <i>prix</i>, L. <i>pretium</i>; cf. Gr. &?; I sell &?; to buy, Skr. <i>pa&?;</i> to buy, OI. <i>renim</i> I sell. Cf. <u>Appreciate</u>, <u>Depreciate</u>, <u>Interpret</u>, <u>Praise</u>, <pos><i>n. & v.</i></pos>, <u>Precious</u>, <u>Prize</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The sum or amount of money at which a thing is valued, or the value which a seller sets on his goods in market; that for which something is bought or sold, or offered for sale; equivalent in money or other means of exchange; current value or rate paid or demanded in market or in barter; cost.</def> "Buy wine and milk without money and without <i>price</i>." <i>Isa. lv. 1.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>We can afford no more at such a <i>price</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Value; estimation; excellence; worth.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Her <i>price</i> is far above rubies.</blockquote> <i>Prov. xxxi. 10.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>New treasures still, of countless <i>price</i>.</blockquote> <i>Keble.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Reward; recompense; as, the <i>price</i> of industry.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>'T is the <i>price</i> of toil,<BR> The knave deserves it when he tills the soil.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Price current</b></col>, or <col><b>Price list</b></col>, <cd>a statement or list of the prevailing prices of merchandise, stocks, specie, bills of exchange, etc., published statedly or occasionally.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Price</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Priced</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Pricing</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To pay the price of.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>With thine own blood to <i>price</i> his blood.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To set a price on; to value. See <u>Prize</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To ask the price of; as, to <i>price</i> eggs.</def> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><hw>Priced</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Rated in price; valued; as, high-<i>priced</i> goods; low-<i>priced</i> labor.</def></p>

<p><hw>Price"ite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From Thomas <i>Price</i> of San Francisco.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>A hydrous borate of lime, from Oregon.</def></p>

<p><hw>Price"less</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Too valuable to admit of being appraised; of inestimable worth; invaluable.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Of no value; worthless.</def> [R.] <i>J. Barlow.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prick</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>prica</i>, <i>pricca</i>, <i>pricu</i>; akin to LG. <i>prick</i>, <i>pricke</i>, D. <i>prik</i>, Dan. <i>prik</i>, <i>prikke</i>, Sw. <i>prick</i>. Cf. <u>Prick</u>, <pos><i>v.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>That which pricks, penetrates, or punctures; a sharp and slender thing; a pointed instrument; a goad; a spur, etc.; a point; a skewer.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Pins, wooden <i>pricks</i>, nails, sprigs of rosemary.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>It is hard for thee to kick against the <i>pricks</i>.</blockquote> <i>Acts ix. 5.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The act of pricking, or the sensation of being pricked; a sharp, stinging pain; figuratively, remorse.</def> "The <i>pricks</i> of conscience." <i>A. Tucker.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A mark made by a pointed instrument; a puncture; a point.</def> Hence: <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A point or mark on the dial, noting the hour.</def> [Obs.] "The <i>prick</i> of noon." <i>Shak.</i> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The point on a target at which an archer aims; the mark; the pin.</def> "They that shooten nearest the <i>prick</i>." <i>Spenser.</i> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <def>A mark denoting degree; degree; pitch.</def> [Obs.] "To <i>prick</i> of highest praise forth to advance." <i>Spenser.</i> <sd><i>(d)</i></sd> <def>A mathematical point; — regularly used in old English translations of Euclid.</def> <sd><i>(e)</i></sd> <def>The footprint of a hare.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>A small roll; as, a <i>prick</i> of spun yarn; a <i>prick</i> of tobacco.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prick</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Pricked</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Pricking</u>.] [AS. <i>prician</i>; akin to LG. <i>pricken</i>, D. <i>prikken</i>, Dan. <i>prikke</i>, Sw. <i>pricka</i>. See <u>Prick</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, and cf. <u>Prink</u>, <u>Prig</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To pierce slightly with a sharp- pointed instrument or substance; to make a puncture in, or to make by puncturing; to drive a fine point into; as, to <i>prick</i> one with a pin, needle, etc.; to <i>prick</i> a card; to <i>prick</i> holes in paper.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To fix by the point; to attach or hang by puncturing; as, to <i>prick</i> a knife into a board.</def> <i>Sir I. Newton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The cooks <i>prick</i> it [a slice] on a prong of iron.</blockquote> <i>Sandys.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To mark or denote by a puncture; to designate by pricking; to choose; to mark; — sometimes with <i>off</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Some who are <i>pricked</i> for sheriffs.</blockquote> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Let the soldiers for duty be carefully <i>pricked</i> off.</blockquote> <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Those many, then, shall die: their names are <i>pricked</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To mark the outline of by puncturing; to trace or form by pricking; to mark by punctured dots; as, to <i>prick</i> a pattern for embroidery; to <i>prick</i> the notes of a musical composition.</def> <i>Cowper.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>To ride or guide with spurs; to spur; to goad; to incite; to urge on; — sometimes with <i>on</i>, or <i>off</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Who <i>pricketh</i> his blind horse over the fallows.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The season <i>pricketh</i> every gentle heart.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>My duty <i>pricks</i> me on to utter that.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>To affect with sharp pain; to sting, as with remorse.</def> "I was <i>pricked</i> with some reproof." <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Now when they heard this, they were <i>pricked</i> in their heart.</blockquote> <i>Acts ii. 37.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <def>To make sharp; to erect into a point; to raise, as something pointed; — said especially of the ears of an animal, as a horse or dog; and usually followed by <i>up</i>; — hence, <i>to prick up the ears</i>, to listen sharply; to have the attention and interest strongly engaged.</def> "The courser . . . <i>pricks</i> up his ears." <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>8.</b></sn> <def>To render acid or pungent.</def> [Obs.] <i>Hudibras.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>9.</b></sn> <def>To dress; to prink; — usually with <i>up</i>.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><sn><b>10.</b></sn> <i>(Naut)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>To run a middle seam through, as the cloth of a sail.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>To trace on a chart, as a ship's course.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>11.</b></sn> <i>(Far.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>To drive a nail into (a horse's foot), so as to cause lameness.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>To nick.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prick</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To be punctured; to suffer or feel a sharp pain, as by puncture; as, a sore finger <i>pricks</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To spur onward; to ride on horseback.</def> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>A gentle knight was <i>pricking</i> on the plain.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To become sharp or acid; to turn sour, as wine.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To aim at a point or mark.</def> <i>Hawkins.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prick"-eared`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Having erect, pointed ears; — said of certain dogs.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Thou <i>prick-eared</i> cur of Iceland.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prick"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who, or that which, pricks; a pointed instrument; a sharp point; a prickle.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>One who spurs forward; a light horseman.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>prickers</i>, who rode foremost, . . . halted.</blockquote> <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A priming wire; a priming needle, — used in blasting and gunnery.</def> <i>Knight.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>A small marline spike having generally a wooden handle, — used in sailmaking.</def> <i>R. H. Dana, Ir.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prick"et</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Perhaps so called from the state of his horns. See <u>Prick</u>, and cf. <u>Brocket</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A buck in his second year. See <u>Note</u> under 3d <u>Buck</u>.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prick"ing</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of piercing or puncturing with a sharp point.</def> "There is that speaketh like the <i>prickings</i> of a sword." <i>Prov. xii. 18 [1583].</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Far.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The driving of a nail into a horse's foot so as to produce lameness.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>Same as <u>Nicking</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A sensation of being pricked.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>The mark or trace left by a hare's foot; a prick; also, the act of tracing a hare by its footmarks.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>Dressing one's self for show; prinking.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Prick"ing-up</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>The first coating of plaster in work of three coats upon laths. Its surface is scratched once to form a better key for the next coat. In the United States called <i>scratch coat</i>.</def> <i>Brande & C.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pric"kle</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>pricele</i>, <i>pricle</i>; akin to LG. <i>prickel</i>, D. <i>prikkel</i>. See <u>Prick</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A little prick; a small, sharp point; a fine, sharp process or projection, as from the skin of an animal, the bark of a plant, etc.; a spine.</def> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A kind of willow basket; — a term still used in some branches of trade.</def> <i>B. Jonson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A sieve of filberts, — about fifty pounds.</def> [Eng.]</p>

<p><hw>Pric"kle</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To prick slightly, as with prickles, or fine, sharp points.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Felt a horror over me creep,<BR> <i>Prickle</i> skin, and catch my breath.</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pric"kle*back`</hw> (?), <hw>Pric"kle*fish`</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The stickleback.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prick"li*ness</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From <u>Prickly</u>.] <def>The quality of being prickly, or of having many prickles.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prick"ling</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Prickly.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prick"louse`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A tailor; — so called in contempt.</def> [Old slang] <i>L'Estrange.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prick"ly</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Full of sharp points or prickles; armed or covered with prickles; as, a <i>prickly</i> shrub.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Prickly ash</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>a prickly shrub (<i>Xanthoxylum Americanum</i>) with yellowish flowers appearing with the leaves. All parts of the plant are pungent and aromatic. The southern species is <i>X. Carolinianum</i>.</cd> <i>Gray.</i> — <col><b>Prickly heat</b></col> <i>(Med.)</i>, <cd>a noncontagious cutaneous eruption of red pimples, attended with intense itching and tingling of the parts affected. It is due to inflammation of the sweat glands, and is often brought on by overheating the skin in hot weather.</cd> — <col><b>Prickly pear</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>a name given to several plants of the cactaceous genus <i>Opuntia</i>, American plants consisting of fleshy, leafless, usually flattened, and often prickly joints inserted upon each other. The sessile flowers have many petals and numerous stamens. The edible fruit is a large pear-shaped berry containing many flattish seeds. The common species of the Northern Atlantic States is <i>Opuntia vulgaris</i>. In the South and West are many others, and in tropical America more than a hundred more. <i>O. vulgaris</i>, <i>O. Ficus-Indica</i>, and <i>O. Tuna</i> are abundantly introduced in the Mediterranean region, and <i>O. Dillenii</i> has become common in India.</cd> — <col><b>Prickly pole</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>a West Indian palm (<i>Bactris Plumierana</i>), the slender trunk of which bears many rings of long black prickles.</cd> — <col><b>Prickly withe</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>a West Indian cactaceous plant (<i>Cereus triangularis</i>) having prickly, slender, climbing, triangular stems.</cd> — <col><b>Prickly rat</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>any one of several species of South American burrowing rodents belonging to <i>Ctenomys</i> and allied genera. The hair is usually intermingled with sharp spines.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Prick"mad`am</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>trique- madame</i>. Cf. <u>Tripmadam</u>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A name given to several species of stonecrop, used as ingredients of vermifuge medicines. See <u>Stonecrop</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prick"punch`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A pointed steel punch, to prick a mark on metal.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prick"shaft`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>An arrow.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Prick"song`</hw> (?; 115), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Prick</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>, 4.] <def>Music written, or noted, with dots or points; — so called from the points or dots with which it is noted down.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>He fights as you sing <i>pricksong</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prick"wood`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A shrub (<i>Euonymus Europ&aelig;us</i>); — so named from the use of its wood for goads, skewers, and shoe pegs. Called also <i>spindle tree</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prick"y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Stiff and sharp; prickly.</def> <i>Holland.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pride</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. AS. <i>lamprede</i>, LL. <i>lampreda</i>, E. <i>lamprey</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A small European lamprey (<i>Petromyzon branchialis</i>); — called also <i>prid</i>, and <i>sandpiper</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pride</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>pr&ymacr;te</i>; akin to Icel. <i>pr&ymacr;&eth;i</i> honor, ornament, <i>pr&?;&?;a</i> to adorn, Dan. <i>pryde</i>, Sw. <i>pryda</i>; cf. W. <i>prydus</i> comely. See <u>Proud</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The quality or state of being proud; inordinate self-esteem; an unreasonable conceit of one's own superiority in talents, beauty, wealth, rank, etc., which manifests itself in lofty airs, distance, reserve, and often in contempt of others.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Those that walk in <i>pride</i> he is able to abase.</blockquote> <i>Dan. iv. 37.</i></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Pride</i> that dines on vanity sups on contempt.</blockquote> <i>Franklin.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A sense of one's own worth, and abhorrence of what is beneath or unworthy of one; lofty self-respect; noble self- esteem; elevation of character; dignified bearing; proud delight; — in a good sense.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Thus to relieve the wretched was his <i>pride</i>.</blockquote> <i>Goldsmith.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>A people which takes no <i>pride</i> in the noble achievements of remote ancestors will never achieve anything worthy to be remembered with <i>pride</i> by remote descendants.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Proud or disdainful behavior or treatment; insolence or arrogance of demeanor; haughty bearing and conduct; insolent exultation; disdain.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Let not the foot of <i>pride</i> come against me.</blockquote> <i>Ps. xxxvi. 11.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>That hardly we escaped the <i>pride</i> of France.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>That of which one is proud; that which excites boasting or self-gratulation; the occasion or ground of self- esteem, or of arrogant and presumptuous confidence, as beauty, ornament, noble character, children, etc.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Lofty trees yclad with summer's <i>pride</i>.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>I will cut off the <i>pride</i> of the Philistines.</blockquote> <i>Zech. ix. 6.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>A bold peasantry, their country's <i>pride</i>.</blockquote> <i>Goldsmith.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>Show; ostentation; glory.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Pride</i>, pomp, and circumstance of glorious war.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>Highest pitch; elevation reached; loftiness; prime; glory; as, to be in the <i>pride</i> of one's life.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A falcon, towering in her <i>pride</i> of place.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <def>Consciousness of power; fullness of animal spirits; mettle; wantonness; hence, lust; sexual desire; esp., an excitement of sexual appetite in a female beast.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><col><b>Pride of India</b></col>, or <col><b>Pride of China</b></col>. <i>(Bot.)</i> <cd>See <u>Margosa</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Pride of the desert</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the camel.</cd></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Self-exaltation; conceit; hauteur; haughtiness; lordliness; loftiness. — <u>Pride</u>, <u>Vanity</u>. <i>Pride</i> is a high or an excessive esteem of one's self for some real or imagined superiority, as rank, wealth, talents, character, etc. <i>Vanity</i> is the love of being admired, praised, exalted, etc., by others. <i>Vanity</i> is an ostentation of <i>pride</i>; but one may have great <i>pride</i> without displaying it. <i>Vanity</i>, which is etymologically "emptiness," is applied especially to the exhibition of pride in superficialities, as beauty, dress, wealth, etc.</p>

<p><hw>Pride</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Prided</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Priding</u>.] <def>To indulge in pride, or self-esteem; to rate highly; to plume; — used reflexively.</def> <i>Bp. Hall.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Pluming and <i>priding</i> himself in all his services.</blockquote> <i>South.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pride</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To be proud; to glory.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Pride"ful</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Full of pride; haughty.</def> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p>— <wf>Pride"ful*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Pride"ful- ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Pride"less</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Without pride.</def> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prid"i*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>pridianus</i>.] <def>Of or pertaining to the day before, or yesterday.</def> [R.] <i>Thackeray.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prid"ing*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>Proudly.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Prie</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The plant privet.</def> [Obs.] <i>Tusser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prie</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To pry.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pried</hw> (?), <def><pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> of <u>Pry</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prie`dieu"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., literally, pray God.] <def>A kneeling desk for prayers.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prief</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Proof.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser. Lydgate.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pri"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From <u>Pry</u>.] <def>One who pries; one who inquires narrowly and searches, or is inquisitive.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>So pragmatical a <i>prier</i> he is into divine secrets.</blockquote> <i>Fuller.</i></p>

<p><hw>Priest</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>prest</i>, <i>preost</i>, AS. <i>pre&oacute;st</i>, fr. L. <i>presbyter</i>, Gr. &?; elder, older, n., an elder, compar. of &?; an old man, the first syllable of which is probably akin to L. <i>pristinus</i>. Cf. <u>Pristine</u>, <u>Presbyter</u>.]</p>

<p><! p. 1137 !></p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Christian Church)</i> <def>A presbyter elder; a minister</def>; specifically: <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <i>(R. C. Ch. & Gr. Ch.)</i> <def>One who is authorized to consecrate the host and to say Mass; but especially, one of the lowest order possessing this power.</def> <i>Murdock.</i> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <i>(Ch. of Eng. & Prot. Epis. Ch.)</i> <def>A presbyter; one who belongs to the intermediate order between bishop and deacon. He is authorized to perform all ministerial services except those of ordination and confirmation.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>One who officiates at the altar, or performs the rites of sacrifice; one who acts as a mediator between men and the divinity or the gods in any form of religion; as, Buddhist <i>priests</i>.</def> "The <i>priests</i> of Dagon." <i>1 Sam. v. 5.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Then the <i>priest</i> of Jupiter . . . brought oxen and garlands . . . and would have done sacrifice with the people.</blockquote> <i>Acts xiv. 13.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Every <i>priest</i> taken from among men is ordained for men in things pertaining to God, that he may offer both gifts and sacrifices for sins.</blockquote> <i>Heb. v. 1.</i></p>

<p>&fist; In the New Testament presbyters are not called <i>priests</i>; but Christ is designated as a <i>priest</i>, and as a high <i>priest</i>, and all Christians are designated <i>priests</i>.</p>

<p><hw>Priest</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To ordain as priest.</def></p>

<p><hw>Priest"cap`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Fort.)</i> <def>A form of redan, so named from its shape; — called also <i>swallowtail</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Priest"craft`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Priestly policy; the policy of a priesthood; esp., in an ill sense, fraud or imposition in religious concerns; management by priests to gain wealth and power by working upon the religious motives or credulity of others.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>It is better that men should be governed by <i>priestcraft</i> than by violence.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><hw>Priest"er*y</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Priests, collectively; the priesthood; — so called in contempt.</def> [R.] <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Priest"ess</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A woman who officiated in sacred rites among pagans.</def> <i>Abp. Potter.</i></p>

<p><hw>Priest"hood</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The office or character of a priest; the priestly function.</def> <i>Bk. of Com. Prayer.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Priests, taken collectively; the order of men set apart for sacred offices; the order of priests.</def></p>

<p><hw>Priest"ing</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The office of a priest.</def> [Obs.] <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Priest"ism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The influence, doctrines, principles, etc., of priests or the priesthood.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Priest"less</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Without a priest.</def> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><hw>Priest"like`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Priestly.</def> <i>B. Jonson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Priest"li*ness</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality or state of being priestly.</def> <i>R. Browning.</i></p>

<p><hw>Priest"ly</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to a priest or the priesthood; sacerdotal; befitting or becoming a priest; as, the <i>priestly</i> office; a <i>priestly</i> farewell.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Priest"-rid`den</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Controlled or oppressed by priests; as, a <i>priest-ridden</i> people.</def> <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prieve</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To prove.</def> [Obs. or Scot.]</p>

<p><hw>Prig</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Prigged</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Prigging</u> (?).] [A modification of <i>prick</i>.] <def>To haggle about the price of a commodity; to bargain hard.</def> [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]</p>

<p><hw>Prig</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To cheapen.</def> [Scot.]</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> [Perhaps orig., to ride off with. See <u>Prick</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>] <def>To filch or steal; as, to <i>prig</i> a handkerchief.</def> [Cant]</p>

<p><hw>Prig</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A pert, conceited, pragmatical fellow.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The queer <i>prig</i> of a doctor.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A thief; a filcher.</def> [Cant] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prig"ger*y</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Priggism.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prig"gish</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Like a prig; conceited; pragmatical.</def> — <wf>Prig"gish*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Prig"gish-ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Prig"gism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The quality or state of being priggish; the manners of a prig.</def> <i>Ed. Rev.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Roguery; thievery.</def> [Obs.] <i>Fielding.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prigh"te</hw> (?), obs. <def><pos><i>imp.</i></pos> of <u>Prick</u>.</def> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prill</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. <u>Brill</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The brill.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prill</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To flow.</def> [Obs.] <i>Stow.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prill</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A stream.</def> [Obs.] <i>Davies (Microcosmos).</i></p>

<p><hw>Prill</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Etymol. uncertain.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Mining)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A nugget of virgin metal.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>Ore selected for excellence.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The button of metal from an assay.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pril"lion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Tin extracted from the slag.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prim</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Privet</u>.] <i>(Bot)</i> <def>The privet.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prim</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [OF. <i>prim</i>, <i>prin</i>, prime, first, principal. sharp, thin, piercing, fr. L. <i>primus</i> first. See <u>Prime</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <def>Formal; precise; affectedly neat or nice; as, <i>prim</i> regularity; a <i>prim</i> person.</def> <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prim</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Primmed</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Primming</u>.] <def>To deck with great nicety; to arrange with affected preciseness; to prink.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prim</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To dress or act smartly.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Pri"ma*cy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [LL. <i>primatia</i>, fr. L. <i>primas</i>, <i>-atis</i>, one of the first or principal, chief, fr. <i>primus</i> first: cf. F. <i>primatie</i>. See <u>Prime</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The state or condition of being prime or first, as in time, place, rank, etc., hence, excellency; supremacy.</def> [R.] <i>De Quincey.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The office, rank, or character of a primate; the chief ecclesiastical station or dignity in a national church; the office or dignity of an archbishop; as, the <i>primacy</i> of England.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pri"ma don"na</hw> (?); <i>pl.</i> E. <plw><b>Prima donnas</b></plw> (#), It. <plw><b>Prime (#) Donne (#)</b></plw>. [It., fr. <i>primo</i>, <i>prima</i>, the first + <i>donna</i> lady, mistress. See <u>Prime</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>, and <u>Donna</u>.] <def>The first or chief female singer in an opera.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pri"ma fa"ci*e</hw> (?). [L., from abl. of <i>primus</i> first + abl. of <i>facies</i> appearance.] <def>At first view; on the first appearance.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Prima facie evidence</b></col><cd> (of a fact) <i>(Law)</i>, evidence which is sufficient to establish the fact unless rebutted.</cd> <i>Bouvier.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pri"mage</hw> (?; 48), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F.] <i>(Com.)</i> <def>A charge in addition to the freight; originally, a gratuity to the captain for his particular care of the goods (sometimes called <i>hat money</i>), but now belonging to the owners or freighters of the vessel, unless by special agreement the whole or part is assigned to the captain.</def> <i>Homans.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pri"mal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [LL. <i>primalis</i>, fr. L. <i>primus</i> the first. See <u>Prime</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <def>First; primary; original; chief.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>It hath the <i>primal</i> eldest curse upon it.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>primal</i> duties shine aloft like stars.</blockquote> <i>Wordsworth.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pri*mal"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality or state of being primal.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Pri"ma*ri*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a primary manner; in the first place; in the first place; in the first intention; originally.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pri"ma*ri*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality or state of being primary, or first in time, in act, or in intention.</def> <i>Norris.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pri"ma*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>primarius</i>, fr. <i>primus</i> first: cf. F. <i>primaire</i>. See <u>Prime</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>, and cf. <u>Premier</u>, <u>Primero</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>First in order of time or development or in intention; primitive; fundamental; original.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The church of Christ, in its <i>primary</i> institution.</blockquote> <i>Bp. Pearson.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>These I call original, or <i>primary</i>, qualities of body.</blockquote> <i>Locke.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>First in order, as being preparatory to something higher; as, <i>primary</i> assemblies; <i>primary</i> schools.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>First in dignity or importance; chief; principal; as, <i>primary</i> planets; a matter of <i>primary</i> importance.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Geol.)</i> <def>Earliest formed; fundamental.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Illustrating, possessing, or characterized by, some quality or property in the first degree; having undergone the first stage of substitution or replacement.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Primary alcohol</b></col> <i>(Organic Chem.)</i>, <cd>any alcohol which possess the group CH<sub>2</sub>.OH, and can be oxidized so as to form a corresponding aldehyde and acid having the same number of carbon atoms; — distinguished from <i>secondary &and; tertiary alcohols</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Primary amine</b></col> <i>(Chem.)</i>, <cd>an amine containing the amido group, or a derivative of ammonia in which only one atom of hydrogen has been replaced by a basic radical; — distinguished from <i>secondary &and; tertiary amines</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Primary amputation</b></col> <i>(Surg.)</i>, <cd>an amputation for injury performed as soon as the shock due to the injury has passed away, and before symptoms of inflammation supervene.</cd> — <col><b>Primary axis</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>the main stalk which bears a whole cluster of flowers.</cd> — <col><b>Primary colors</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Color</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Primary meeting</b></col>, <cd>a meeting of citizens at which the first steps are taken towards the nomination of candidates, etc. See <u>Caucus</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Primary pinna</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>one of those portions of a compound leaf or frond which branch off directly from the main rhachis or stem, whether simple or compounded.</cd> — <col><b>Primary planets</b></col>. <i>(Astron.)</i> <cd>See the Note under <u>Planet</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Primary qualities of bodies</b></col>, <cd>such are essential to and inseparable from them.</cd> — <col><b>Primary quills</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the largest feathers of the wing of a bird; primaries.</cd> — <col><b>Primary rocks</b></col> <i>(Geol.)</i>, <cd>a term early used for rocks supposed to have been first formed, being crystalline and containing no organic remains, as granite, gneiss, etc.; — called also <i>primitive rocks</i>. The terms <i>Secondary</i>, <i>Tertiary</i>, and <i>Quaternary rocks</i> have also been used in like manner, but of these the last two only are now in use.</cd> — <col><b>Primary salt</b></col> <i>(Chem.)</i>, <cd>a salt derived from a polybasic acid in which only one acid hydrogen atom has been replaced by a base or basic radical.</cd> — <col><b>Primary syphilis</b></col> <i>(Med.)</i>, <cd>the initial stage of syphilis, including the period from the development of the original lesion or chancre to the first manifestation of symptoms indicative of general constitutional infection.</cd> — <col><b>Primary union</b></col> <i>(Surg.)</i>, <cd>union without suppuration; union by the first intention.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pri"ma*ry</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Primaries</b></plw> (&?;). <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>That which stands first in order, rank, or importance; a chief matter.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A primary meeting; a caucus.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of the large feathers on the distal joint of a bird's wing. See <u>Plumage</u>, and <i>Illust.</i> of <u>Bird</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Astron.)</i> <def>A primary planet; the brighter component of a double star. See under <u>Planet</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pri"mate</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>primat</i>, F. <i>primat</i>, L. <i>primas</i>, <i>-atis</i> one of the first, chief, fr. <i>primus</i> the first. See <u>Prime</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The chief ecclesiastic in a national church; one who presides over other bishops in a province; an archbishop.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of the Primates.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pri*ma"tes</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The highest order of mammals. It includes man, together with the apes and monkeys. Cf. <u>Pitheci</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pri"mate*ship</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The office, dignity, or position of a primate; primacy.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pri*ma"tial</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>primatial</i>.] <def>Primatical.</def> [R.] <i>D'Anville (Trans. ).</i></p>

<p><hw>Pri*mat"ic*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to a primate.</def> <i>Barrow.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prime</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [F., fr. L. <i>primus</i> first, a superl. corresponding to the compar. <i>prior</i> former. See <u>Prior</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>, <u>Foremost</u>, <u>Former</u>, and cf. <u>Prim</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>, <u>Primary</u>, <u>Prince</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>First in order of time; original; primeval; primitive; primary.</def> "<i>Prime</i> forests." <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>She was not the <i>prime</i> cause, but I myself.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p>&fist; In this sense the word is nearly superseded by <i>primitive</i>, except in the phrase <i>prime cost</i>.</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>First in rank, degree, dignity, authority, or importance; as, <i>prime</i> minister.</def> "<i>Prime</i> virtues." <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>First in excellence; of highest quality; as, <i>prime</i> wheat; a <i>prime</i> quality of cloth.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Early; blooming; being in the first stage.</def> [Poetic]</p>

<p><blockquote>His starry helm, unbuckled, showed him <i>prime</i><BR> In manhood where youth ended.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>Lecherous; lustful; lewd.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>Marked or distinguished by a mark (&prime;) called a <i>prime mark</i>.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Prime and ultimate ratio</b></col>. <i>(Math.)</i>. <cd>See <u>Ultimate</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Prime conductor</b></col>. <i>(Elec.)</i> <cd>See under <u>Conductor</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Prime factor</b></col> <i>(Arith.)</i>, <cd>a factor which is a prime number.</cd> — <col><b>Prime figure</b></col> <i>(Geom.)</i>, <cd>a figure which can not be divided into any other figure more simple than itself, as a triangle, a pyramid, etc.</cd> — <col><b>Prime meridian</b></col> <i>(Astron.)</i>, <cd>the meridian from which longitude is reckoned, as the meridian of Greenwich or Washington.</cd> — <col><b>Prime minister</b></col>, <cd>the responsible head of a ministry or executive government; applied particularly to that of England.</cd> — <col><b>Prime mover</b></col>. <i>(Mech.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>A natural agency applied by man to the production of power. Especially: Muscular force; the weight and motion of fluids, as water and air; heat obtained by chemical combination, and applied to produce changes in the volume and pressure of steam, air, or other fluids; and electricity, obtained by chemical action, and applied to produce alternation of magnetic force.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>An engine, or machine, the object of which is to receive and modify force and motion as supplied by some natural source, and apply them to drive other machines; as a water wheel, a water-pressure engine, a steam engine, a hot-air engine, etc.</cd> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> Fig.: <cd>The original or the most effective force in any undertaking or work; as, Clarkson was the <i>prime</i> mover in English antislavery agitation.</cd> — <col><b>Prime number</b></col> <i>(Arith.)</i>, <cd>a number which is exactly divisible by no number except itself or unity, as 5, 7, 11.</cd> — <col><b>Prime vertical</b></col> <i>(Astron.)</i>, <cd>the vertical circle which passes through the east and west points of the horizon.</cd> — <col><b>Prime-vertical dial</b></col>, <cd>a dial in which the shadow is projected on the plane of the prime vertical.</cd> — <col><b>Prime-vertical transit instrument</b></col>, <cd>a transit instrument the telescope of which revolves in the plane of the prime vertical, — used for observing the transit of stars over this circle.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Prime</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The first part; the earliest stage; the beginning or opening, as of the day, the year, etc.; hence, the dawn; the spring.</def> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>In the very <i>prime</i> of the world.</blockquote> <i>Hooker.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Hope waits upon the flowery <i>prime</i>.</blockquote> <i>Waller.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The spring of life; youth; hence, full health, strength, or beauty; perfection.</def> "Cut off in their <i>prime</i>." <i>Eustace.</i> "The <i>prime</i> of youth." <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>That which is first in quantity; the most excellent portion; the best part.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Give him always of the <i>prime</i>.</blockquote> <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> [F. <i>prime</i>, LL. <i>prima</i> (sc. <i>hora</i>). See <u>Prime</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <def>The morning; specifically <i>(R. C. Ch.)</i>, the first canonical hour, succeeding to lauds.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Early and late it rung, at evening and at <i>prime</i>.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p>&fist; Originally, <i>prime</i> denoted the first quarter of the artificial day, reckoned from 6 <u>a. m.</u> to 6 <u>p. m.</u> Afterwards, it denoted the end of the first quarter, that is, 9 <u>a. m.</u> Specifically, it denoted the first canonical hour, as now. Chaucer uses it in all these senses, and also in the sense of def. 1, above.</p>

<p><blockquote>They sleep till that it was <i>pryme</i> large.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <i>(Fencing)</i> <def>The first of the chief guards.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Any number expressing the combining weight or equivalent of any particular element; — so called because these numbers were respectively reduced to their lowest relative terms on the fixed standard of hydrogen as 1.</def> [Obs. or Archaic]</p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <i>(Arith.)</i> <def>A prime number. See under <u>Prime</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos></def></p>

<p><sn><b>8.</b></sn> <def>An inch, as composed of twelve seconds in the duodecimal system; — denoted by [&prime;]. See 2d <u>Inch</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, 1.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Prime of the moon</b></col>, <cd>the new moon at its first appearance.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Prime</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Primed</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Priming</u>.] [From <u>Prime</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To apply priming to, as a musket or a cannon; to apply a primer to, as a metallic cartridge.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To lay the first color, coating, or preparation upon (a surface), as in painting; as, to <i>prime</i> a canvas, a wall.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To prepare; to make ready; to instruct beforehand; to post; to coach; as, to <i>prime</i> a witness; the boys are <i>primed</i> for mischief.</def> [Colloq.] <i>Thackeray.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To trim or prune, as trees.</def> [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]</p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <i>(Math.)</i> <def>To mark with a prime mark.</def></p>

<p><col><b>To prime a pump</b></col>, <cd>to charge a pump with water, in order to put it in working condition.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Prime</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To be renewed, or as at first.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Night's bashful empress, though she often wane,<BR> As oft repeats her darkness, <i>primes</i> again.</blockquote> <i>Quarles.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To serve as priming for the charge of a gun.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To work so that foaming occurs from too violent ebullition, which causes water to become mixed with, and be carried along with, the steam that is formed; — said of a steam boiler.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prime"ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>At first; primarily.</def> [Obs.] <i>South.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>In a prime manner; excellently.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prime"ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The quality or state of being first.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The quality or state of being prime, or excellent.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prim"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who, or that which, primes</def>; specifically, <def>an instrument or device for priming; esp., a cap, tube, or water containing percussion powder or other compound for igniting a charge of gunpowder.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prim"er</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [OF. <i>primer</i>, <i>primier</i>, <i>premier</i>, F. <i>premier</i>. See <u>Premier</u>.] <def>First; original; primary.</def> [Obs.] "The <i>primer</i> English kings." <i>Drayton.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Primer fine</b></col> <i>(O. Eng. Law)</i>, <cd>a fine due to the king on the writ or commencement of a suit by fine.</cd> <i>Blackstone.</i> — <col><b>Primer seizin</b></col> <i>(Feudal Law)</i>, <cd>the right of the king, when a tenant <i>in capite</i> died seized of a knight's fee, to receive of the heir, if of full age, one year's profits of the land if in possession, and half a year's profits if the land was in reversion expectant on an estate for life; — now abolished.</cd> <i>Blackstone.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prim"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Originally, the book read at <i>prime</i>, the first canonical hour. LL. <i>primae liber</i>. See <u>Prime</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, 4.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Originally, a small prayer book for church service, containing the little office of the Virgin Mary; also, a work of elementary religious instruction.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>primer</i>, or office of the Blessed Virgin.</blockquote> <i>Bp. Stillingfleet.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A small elementary book for teaching children to read; a reading or spelling book for a beginner.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>As he sat in the school at his <i>prymer</i>.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Print.)</i> <def>A kind of type, of which there are two species; one, called <i>long primer</i>, intermediate in size between bourgeois and small pica [see <u>Long primer</u>]; the other, called <i>great primer</i>, larger than pica.</def></p>

<p><point18><greatprimertype>Great primer type.</greatprimertype></point18></p>

<p><hw>Pri*me"ro</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Sp. <i>primera</i>, fr. <i>primero</i> first, from L. <i>primarius</i>. See <u>Premier</u>.] <def>A game at cards, now unknown.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prim"er*ole</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>See <u>Primrose</u>.</def> [Obs.] "She was a <i>primerole</i>." <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pri*me"val</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>primaevus</i>; <i>primus</i> first + <i>aevum</i> age. See <u>Prime</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>, <i>and</i> <u>Age</u>.] <def>Belonging to the first ages; pristine; original; primitive; primary; as, the <i>primeval</i> innocence of man.</def> "This is the forest <i>primeval</i>." <i>Longfellow.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>From chaos, and <i>primeval</i> darkness, came Light.</blockquote> <i>Keats.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pri*me"val*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a primeval manner; in or from the earliest times; originally.</def> <i>Darwin.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pri*me"vous</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Primeval.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><! p. 1138 !></p>

<p><hw>Pri`mi*ge"ni*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>First born, or first of all; original; primary. See <u>Primogenial</u>.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pri`mi*ge"ni*ous</hw> (?), <hw>Pri*mig"e*nous</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>primigenus</i>, <i>primigenius</i>. See <u>Primogeniture</u>.] <def>First formed or generated; original; primigenial.</def> <i>Bp. Hall.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pri"mine</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>primus</i> first: cf. F. <i>primine</i>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The outermost of the two integuments of an ovule.</def></p>

<p>&fist; This word has been used by some writers to denote the inner integument, which is formed earlier than the outer. Cf. <u>Secundine</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Prim"ing</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The powder or other combustible used to communicate fire to a charge of gunpowder, as in a firearm.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Paint.)</i> <def>The first coating of color, size, or the like, laid on canvas, or on a building, or other surface.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Steam Eng.)</i> <def>The carrying over of water, with the steam, from the boiler, as into the cylinder.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Priming of the tide</b></col>. <cd>See <i>Lag of the tide</i>, under 2d <u>Lag</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Priming tube</b></col>, <cd>a small pipe, filled with a combustible composition for firing cannon.</cd> — <col><b>Priming valve</b></col> <i>(Steam Eng.)</i>, <cd>a spring safety valve applied to the cylinder of a steam engine for discharging water carried into the cylinder by priming.</cd> — <col><b>Priming wire</b></col>, <cd>a pointed wire used to penetrate the vent of a piece, for piercing the cartridge before priming.</cd></p>

<p><hw>||Pri*mip"a*ra</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., fr. <i>primus</i> first + <i>parere</i> to bring forth.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>A woman who bears a child for the first time.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pri*mip"a*rous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See <u>Primipara</u>.] <def>Belonging to a first birth; bearing young for the first time.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pri*mip"i*lar</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>primipilaris</i>, fr. <i>primipilus</i> the centurion of the first cohort of a Roman legion, fr. <i>primus pilus</i> the division made up of the triarii in the Roman army.] <def>Of or pertaining to the captain of the vanguard of a Roman army.</def> <i>Barrow.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Pri*mi"ti*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Primiti&aelig;</b></plw> (#) (<plw><b>Primitias</b></plw> (#), obs.). [L. <i>primitiae</i>, pl., fr. <i>primus</i> first. Cf. <u>Premices</u>.] <i>(Eng. Law)</i> <def>The first fruit; the first year's whole profit of an ecclesiastical preferment.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>primitias</i> of your parsonage.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pri*mi"tial</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Being of the first production; primitive; original.</def> [Obs.] <i>Ainsworth.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prim"i*tive</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>primitivus</i>, fr. <i>primus</i> the first: cf. F. <i>primitif</i>. See <u>Prime</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Of or pertaining to the beginning or origin, or to early times; original; primordial; primeval; first; as, <i>primitive</i> innocence; the <i>primitive</i> church.</def> "Our <i>primitive</i> great sire." <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Of or pertaining to a former time; old- fashioned; characterized by simplicity; as, a <i>primitive</i> style of dress.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Original; primary; radical; not derived; as, <i>primitive</i> verb in grammar.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Primitive axes of co&ouml;rdinate</b></col> <i>(Geom.)</i>, <cd>that system of axes to which the points of a magnitude are first referred, with reference to a second set or system, to which they are afterward referred.</cd> — <col><b>Primitive chord</b></col> <i>(Mus.)</i>, <cd>that chord, the lowest note of which is of the same literal denomination as the fundamental base of the harmony; — opposed to <i>derivative</i>.</cd> <i>Moore (Encyc. of Music).</i> — <col><b>Primitive circle</b></col> <i>(Spherical Projection)</i>, <cd>the circle cut from the sphere to be projected, by the primitive plane.</cd> — <col><b>Primitive colors</b></col> <i>(Paint.)</i>, <cd>primary colors. See under <u>Color</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Primitive Fathers</b></col> <i>(Eccl.)</i>, <cd>the acknowledged Christian writers who flourished before the Council of Nice, <u>A. D.</u> 325.</cd> <i>Shipley.</i> — <col><b>Primitive groove</b></col> <i>(Anat.)</i>, <cd>a depression or groove in the epiblast of the primitive streak. It is not connected with the medullary groove, which appears later and in front of it.</cd> — <col><b>Primitive plane</b></col> <i>(Spherical Projection)</i>, <cd>the plane upon which the projections are made, generally coinciding with some principal circle of the sphere, as the equator or a meridian.</cd> — <col><b>Primitive rocks</b></col> <i>(Geol.)</i>, <cd>primary rocks. See under <u>Primary</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Primitive sheath</b></col>. <i>(Anat.)</i> <cd>See <u>Neurilemma</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Primitive streak</b></col> or <col><b>trace</b></col> <i>(Anat.)</i>, <cd>an opaque and thickened band where the mesoblast first appears in the vertebrate blastoderm.</cd></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — First; original; radical; pristine; ancient; primeval; antiquated; old-fashioned.</p>

<p><hw>Prim"i*tive</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>An original or primary word; a word not derived from another; — opposed to <i>derivative</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prim"i*tive*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Originally; at first.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Primarily; not derivatively.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>According to the original rule or ancient practice; in the ancient style.</def> <i>South.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prim"i*tive*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality or state of being primitive; conformity to primitive style or practice.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prim"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Quality of being first; primitiveness.</def> [Obs.] <i>Bp. Pearson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prim"ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a prim or precise manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prim"ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality or state of being prim; affected formality or niceness; preciseness; stiffness.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pri"mo</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [It.] <i>(Mus.)</i> <def>First; chief.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pri`mo*ge"ni*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See <u>Primigenial</u>.] <def>First born, made, or generated; original; primary; elemental; as, <i>primogenial</i> light.</def> <i>Glanvill.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pri`mo*gen"i*tive</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See <u>Primogeniture</u>.] <def>Of or pertaining to primogeniture.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Pri`mo*gen"i*tive</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Primogeniture.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>primogenitive</i> and due of birth.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pri`mo*gen"i*tor</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [LL., fr. L. <i>primus</i> first + <i>genitor</i> a begetter.] <def>The first ancestor; a forefather.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pri`mo*gen"i*ture</hw> (?; 135), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [LL., fr. L. <i>primus</i> first + <i>genitura</i> a begetting, birth, generation, fr. <i>genere</i>, <i>gignere</i>, to beget: cf. F. <i>primog&eacute;niture</i>, L. <i>primogenitus</i> firstborn. See <u>Prime</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>, and <u>Genus</u>, <u>Kin</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The state of being the firstborn of the same parents; seniority by birth among children of the same family.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Eng. Law)</i> <def>The exclusive right of inheritance which belongs to the eldest son. Thus in England the right of inheriting the estate of the father belongs to the eldest son, and in the royal family the eldest son of the sovereign is entitled to the throne by <i>primogeniture</i>. In exceptional cases, among the female children, the crown descends by right of <i>primogeniture</i> to the eldest daughter only and her issue.</def> <i>Blackstone.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pri`mo*gen"i*ture*ship</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The state or privileges of the firstborn.</def> <i>Burke.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pri*mor"di*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>primordialis</i>, from <i>primordium</i> the first beginning; <i>primus</i> first + <i>ordiri</i> to begin a web, to begin: cf. F. <i>primordial</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>First in order; primary; original; of earliest origin; as, <i>primordial</i> condition.</def> "The <i>primordial</i> facts of our intelligent nature." <i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Geol.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to the lowest beds of the Silurian age, corresponding to the Acadian and Potsdam periods in American geology. It is called also <i>Cambrian</i>, and by many geologists is separated from the Silurian.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>Originally or earliest formed in the growth of an individual or organ; as, a <i>primordial</i> leaf; a <i>primordial</i> cell.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Primordial utricle</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>the interior lining of a young vegetable cell.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pri*mor"di*al</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A first principle or element.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pri*mor"di*al*ism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Devotion to, or persistence in, conditions of the primordial state.</def> <i>H. Spencer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pri*mor"di*al*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>At the beginning; under the first order of things; originally.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pri*mor"di*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>primordius</i> first of all, fr. <i>primordium</i>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A name given to several kinds of plums; as, red <i>primordian</i>, amber <i>primordian</i>, etc.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pri*mor"di*ate</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Primordial.</def> [R.] <i>Boyle.</i></p>

<p><hw>Primp</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i. & t.</i></pos> [Cf. <u>Prim</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <def>To be formal or affected in dress or manners; — often with <i>up</i>.</def> [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] <i>Halliwell.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prim"rose`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>primerole</i>, F. <i>primerole</i>, a derivative fr. LL. <i>primula</i>, from L. <i>primus</i> first. See <u>Prime</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <i>(Bot.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>An early flowering plant of the genus <i>Primula</i> (<i>P. vulgaris</i>) closely allied to the cowslip. There are several varieties, as the white-, the red-, the yellow-flowered, etc. Formerly called also <i>primerole</i>, <i>primerolles</i>.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>Any plant of the genus <i>Primula</i>.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Evening primrose</b></col>, <cd>an erect biennial herb (<i>Enothera biennis</i>), with yellow vespertine flowers, common in the United States. The name is sometimes extended to other species of the same genus.</cd> — <col><b>Primrose peerless</b></col>, <cd>the two-flowered Narcissus (<i>N. biflorus</i>).</cd> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Prim"rose`</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to the primrose; of the color of a primrose; — hence, flowery; gay.</def> "The <i>primrose</i> path of dalliance." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Prim"u*la</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [LL. See <u>Primrose</u>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The genus of plants including the primrose (<i>Primula vera</i>).</def></p>

<p><hw>Prim`u*la"ceous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to an order of herbaceous plants (<i>Primulace&aelig;</i>), of which the primrose is the type, and the pimpernel, the cyclamen, and the water violet are other examples.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pri"mum mob"i*le</hw> (?). [L., first cause of motion.] <i>(Astron.)</i> <def>In the Ptolemaic system, the outermost of the revolving concentric spheres constituting the universe, the motion of which was supposed to carry with it all the inclosed spheres with their planets in a daily revolution from east to west. See <i>Crystalline heavens</i>, under <u>Crystalline</u>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The motions of the greatest persons in a government ought to be, as the motions of the planets, under <i>primum mobile</i>.</blockquote> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Pri"mus</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., the first.] <def>One of the bishops of the Episcopal Church of Scotland, who presides at the meetings of the bishops, and has certain privileges but no metropolitan authority.</def> <i>Internat. Cyc.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prim"y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [From <u>Prime</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <def>Being in its prime.</def> [Obs.] "The youth of <i>primy</i> nature." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prince</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., from L. <i>princeps</i>, <i>-cipis</i>, the first, chief; <i>primus</i> first + <i>capere</i> to take. See <u>Prime</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>, and <u>Capacious</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The one of highest rank; one holding the highest place and authority; a sovereign; a monarch; - - originally applied to either sex, but now rarely applied to a female.</def> <i>Wyclif (Rev. i. 5).</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Go, Michael, of celestial armies <i>prince</i>.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Queen Elizabeth, a <i>prince</i> admirable above her sex.</blockquote> <i>Camden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The son of a king or emperor, or the issue of a royal family; as, <i>princes</i> of the blood.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A title belonging to persons of high rank, differing in different countries. In England it belongs to dukes, marquises, and earls, but is given to members of the royal family only. In Italy a prince is inferior to a duke as a member of a particular order of nobility; in Spain he is always one of the royal family.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>The chief of any body of men; one at the head of a class or profession; one who is pre&euml;minent; as, a merchant <i>prince</i>; a <i>prince</i> of players.</def> "The <i>prince</i> of learning." <i>Peacham.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Prince-Albert coat</b></col>, <cd>a long double-breasted frock coat for men.</cd> — <col><b>Prince of the blood</b></col>, <col><b>Prince consort</b></col>, <col><b>Prince of darkness</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Blood</u>, <u>Consort</u>, and <u>Darkness</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Prince of Wales</b></col>, <cd>the oldest son of the English sovereign.</cd> — <col><b>Prince's feather</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>a name given to two annual herbs (<i>Amarantus caudatus</i> and <i>Polygonum orientale</i>), with apetalous reddish flowers arranged in long recurved panicled spikes.</cd> — <col><b>Prince's metal</b></col>, <col><b>Prince Rupert's metal</b></col>. See under <u>Metal</u>. <col><b>Prince's pine</b></col>. <i>(Bot.)</i> <cd>See <u>Pipsissewa</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Prince</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To play the prince.</def> [R.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prince"dom</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The jurisdiction, sovereignty, rank, or estate of a prince.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Thrones, <i>princedoms</i>, powers, dominions, I reduce.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prince"hood</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Princeliness.</def> [Obs.] <i>E. Hall.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prince"kin</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A petty prince; a princeling.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>princekins</i> of private life.</blockquote> <i>Thackeray.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prince"less</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Without a prince.</def> <i>Fuller.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prince"let</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A petty prince.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Prince"like`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Princely.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prince"li*ness</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality of being princely; the state, manner, or dignity of a prince.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prince"ling</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A petty prince; a young prince.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prince"ly</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Of or relating to a prince; regal; royal; of highest rank or authority; as, <i>princely</i> birth, character, fortune, etc.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Suitable for, or becoming to, a prince; grand; august; munificent; magnificent; as, <i>princely</i> virtues; a <i>princely</i> fortune.</def> "Most <i>princely</i> gifts." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prince"ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a princely manner.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>My appetite was not <i>princely</i> got.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prin"cess</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>princesse</i>. See <u>Prince</u>, and cf. <u>Princesse</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A female prince; a woman having sovereign power, or the rank of a prince.</def> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>So excellent a <i>princess</i> as the present queen.</blockquote> <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The daughter of a sovereign; a female member of a royal family.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>The consort of a prince; as, the <i>princess</i> of Wales.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Princess royal</b></col>, <cd>the eldest daughter of a sovereign.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Prin*cesse"</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [F., a princess.] <def>A term applied to a lady's long, close-fitting dress made with waist and skirt in one.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prin"cess*like`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Like a princess.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prince"wood`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The wood of two small tropical American trees (<i>Hamelia ventricosa</i>, and <i>Cordia gerascanthoides</i>). It is brownish, veined with lighter color.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prin"ci*fied</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Prince</i> + L. <i>-ficare</i> (in comp.).] <def>Imitative of a prince.</def> [R. & Colloq.] <i>Thackeray.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prin"ci*pal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [F., from L. <i>principalis</i>. See <u>Prince</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Highest in rank, authority, character, importance, or degree; most considerable or important; chief; main; as, the <i>principal</i> officers of a Government; the <i>principal</i> men of a state; the <i>principal</i> productions of a country; the <i>principal</i> arguments in a case.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Wisdom is the <i>principal</i> thing.</blockquote> <i>Prov. iv. 7.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Of or pertaining to a prince; princely.</def> [A Latinism] [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Principal axis</b></col>. <cd>See <i>Axis of a curve</i>, under <u>Axis</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Principal axes of a quadric</b></col> <i>(Geom.)</i>, <cd>three lines in which the principal planes of the solid intersect two and two, as in an ellipsoid.</cd> — <col><b>Principal challenge</b></col>. <i>(Law)</i> <cd>See under <u>Challenge</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Principal plane</b></col>. <cd>See <i>Plane of projection</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd>, under <u>Plane</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Principal of a quadric</b></col> <i>(Geom.)</i>, <cd>three planes each of which is at right angles to the other two, and bisects all chords of the quadric perpendicular to the plane, as in an ellipsoid.</cd> — <col><b>Principal point</b></col> <i>(Persp.)</i>, <cd>the projection of the point of sight upon the plane of projection.</cd> — <col><b>Principal ray</b></col> <i>(Persp.)</i>, <cd>the line drawn through the point of sight perpendicular to the perspective plane.</cd> — <col><b>Principal section</b></col> <i>(Crystallog.)</i>, <cd>a plane passing through the optical axis of a crystal.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Prin"ci*pal</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A leader, chief, or head; one who takes the lead; one who acts independently, or who has controlling authority or influence; as, the <i>principal</i> of a faction, a school, a firm, etc.; — distinguished from a <i>subordinate</i>, <i>abettor</i>, <i>auxiliary</i>, or <i>assistant</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> Hence: <i>(Law)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The chief actor in a crime, or an abettor who is present at it, — as distinguished from an <i>accessory</i>.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A chief obligor, promisor, or debtor, — as distinguished from a <i>surety</i>.</def> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <def>One who employs another to act for him, — as distinguished from an <i>agent</i>.</def> <i>Wharton.</i> <i>Bouvier.</i> <i>Burrill.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A thing of chief or prime importance; something fundamental or especially conspicuous.</def> Specifically: <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <i>(Com.)</i> <def>A capital sum of money, placed out at interest, due as a debt or used as a fund; — so called in distinction from <i>interest</i> or <i>profit</i>.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <i>(Arch. & Engin.)</i> <def>The construction which gives shape and strength to a roof, — generally a truss of timber or iron, but there are roofs with stone <i>principals</i>. Also, loosely, the most important member of a piece of framing.</def> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <i>(Mus.)</i> <def>In English organs the chief open metallic stop, an octave above the open diapason. On the manual it is four feet long, on the pedal eight feet. In Germany this term corresponds to the English open diapason.</def> <sd><i>(d)</i></sd> <i>(O. Eng. Law)</i> <def>A heirloom; a mortuary.</def> <i>Cowell.</i> <sd><i>(e)</i></sd> <i>pl.</i> <def>The first two long feathers of a hawk's wing.</def> <i>Spenser.</i> <i>J. H. Walsh.</i> <sd><i>(f)</i></sd> <def>One of turrets or pinnacles of waxwork and tapers with which the posts and center of a funeral hearse were formerly crowned.</def> <i>Oxf. Gloss.</i> <sd><i>(g)</i></sd> <def>A principal or essential point or rule; a principle.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Prin`ci*pal"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Principalities</b></plw> (#). [L. <i>principalitas</i> pre&euml;minence, excellence: cf. F. <i>principalit&eacute;</i>, <i>principaut&eacute;</i>. See <u>Principal</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Sovereignty; supreme power; hence, superiority; predominance; high, or the highest, station.</def> <i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Your <i>principalities</i> shall come down, even the crown of your glory.</blockquote> <i>Jer. xiii. 18.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The prerogative and <i>principality</i> above everything else.</blockquote> <i>Jer. Taylor.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A prince; one invested with sovereignty.</def> "Next upstood Nisroch, of <i>principalities</i> the prime." <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>The territory or jurisdiction of a prince; or the country which gives title to a prince; as, the <i>principality</i> of Wales.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prin"ci*pal*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a principal manner; primarily; above all; chiefly; mainly.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prin"ci*pal*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality of being principal.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prin"ci*pate</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>principatus</i>: cf. F. <i>principat</i>.] <def>Principality; supreme rule.</def> [Obs.] <i>Barrow.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Prin*cip"i*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [L. <i>principium</i>. See <u>Principle</u>.] <def>First principles; fundamental beginnings; elements; as. Newton's <i>Principia</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prin*cip"i*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Elementary.</def> [Obs.] <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prin*cip"i*ant</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>principians</i>, p. pr. of <i>principiare</i> to begin, fr. <i>principium</i>. See <u>Principle</u>.] <def>Relating to principles or beginnings.</def> [R.] <i>Jer. Taylor.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prin*cip"i*ate</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [See <u>Principiant</u>.] <def>To begin; to initiate.</def> [Obs.] <i>Sir M. Hale.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prin*cip`i*a"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Analysis into primary or elemental parts.</def> [Archaic] <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prin"ci*ple</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>principe</i>, L. <i>principium</i> beginning, foundation, fr. <i>princeps</i>, <i>- cipis</i>. See <u>Prince</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Beginning; commencement.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Doubting sad end of <i>principle</i> unsound.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A source, or origin; that from which anything proceeds; fundamental substance or energy; primordial substance; ultimate element, or cause.</def></p>

<p><! p. 1139 !></p>

<p><blockquote>The soul of man is an active <i>principle</i>.</blockquote> <i>Tillotson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>An original faculty or endowment.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Nature in your <i>principles</i> hath set [benignity].</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Those active <i>principles</i> whose direct and ultimate object is the communication either of enjoyment or suffering.</blockquote> <i>Stewart.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>A fundamental truth; a comprehensive law or doctrine, from which others are derived, or on which others are founded; a general truth; an elementary proposition; a maxim; an axiom; a postulate.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Therefore, leaving the <i>principles</i> of the doctrine of Christ, let us go on unto perfection.</blockquote> <i>Heb. vi. 1.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>A good <i>principle</i>, not rightly understood, may prove as hurtful as a bad.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>A settled rule of action; a governing law of conduct; an opinion or belief which exercises a directing influence on the life and behavior; a rule (usually, a right rule) of conduct consistently directing one's actions; as, a person of no <i>principle</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>All kinds of dishonesty destroy our pretenses to an honest <i>principle</i> of mind.</blockquote> <i>Law.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Any original inherent constituent which characterizes a substance, or gives it its essential properties, and which can usually be separated by analysis; — applied especially to drugs, plant extracts, etc.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Cathartine is the bitter, purgative <i>principle</i> of senna.</blockquote> <i>Gregory.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Bitter principle</b></col>, <col><b>Principle of contradiction</b></col>, <cd>etc. See under <u>Bitter</u>, <u>Contradiction</u>, etc.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Prin"ci*ple</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Principled</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Principling</u> (?).] <def>To equip with principles; to establish, or fix, in certain principles; to impress with any tenet, or rule of conduct, good or ill.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Governors should be well <i>principled</i>.</blockquote> <i>L'Estrange.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Let an enthusiast be <i>principled</i> that he or his teacher is inspired.</blockquote> <i>Locke.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Prin"cock</hw> (?), <hw>Prin"cox</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Prim</i> + <i>cock</i>.] <def>A coxcomb; a pert boy.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Prink</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Prinked</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Prinking</u>.] [Probably a nasalized form of <i>prick</i>. See <u>Prick</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>, and cf. <u>Prig</u>, <u>Prank</u>.] <def>To dress or adjust one's self for show; to prank.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prink</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To prank or dress up; to deck fantastically.</def> "And <i>prink</i> their hair with daisies." <i>Cowper.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prink"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who prinks.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prin"prid`dle</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The long-tailed titmouse.</def> [Prov. Eng.]</p>

<p><hw>Print</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Printed</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Printing</u>.] [Abbrev. fr. <i>imprint</i>. See <u>Imprint</u>, and <u>Press</u> to squeeze.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To fix or impress, as a stamp, mark, character, idea, etc., into or upon something.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A look will <i>print</i> a thought that never may remove.</blockquote> <i>Surrey.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Upon his breastplate he beholds a dint,<BR> Which in that field young Edward's sword did <i>print</i>.</blockquote> <i>Sir John Beaumont.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Perhaps some footsteps <i>printed</i> in the clay.</blockquote> <i>Roscommon.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To stamp something in or upon; to make an impression or mark upon by pressure, or as by pressure.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Forth on his fiery steed betimes he rode,<BR> That scarcely <i>prints</i> the turf on which he trod.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> Specifically: <def>To strike off an impression or impressions of, from type, or from stereotype, electrotype, or engraved plates, or the like; in a wider sense, to do the typesetting, presswork, etc., of (a book or other publication); as, to <i>print</i> books, newspapers, pictures; to <i>print</i> an edition of a book.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To stamp or impress with colored figures or patterns; as, to <i>print</i> calico.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <i>(Photog.)</i> <def>To take (a copy, a positive picture, etc.), from a negative, a transparent drawing, or the like, by the action of light upon a sensitized surface.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Printed goods</b></col>, <cd>textile fabrics printed in patterns, especially cotton cloths, or calicoes.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Print</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To use or practice the art of typography; to take impressions of letters, figures, or electrotypes, engraved plates, or the like.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To publish a book or an article.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>From the moment he <i>prints</i>, he must except to hear no more truth.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><hw>Print</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Print</u>, <pos><i>v.</i></pos>, <u>Imprint</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A mark made by impression; a line, character, figure, or indentation, made by the pressure of one thing on another; as, the <i>print</i> of teeth or nails in flesh; the <i>print</i> of the foot in sand or snow.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Where <i>print</i> of human feet was never seen.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A stamp or die for molding or impressing an ornamental design upon an object; as, a butter <i>print</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>That which receives an impression, as from a stamp or mold; as, a <i>print</i> of butter.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Printed letters; the impression taken from type, as to excellence, form, size, etc.; as, small <i>print</i>; large <i>print</i>; this line is in <i>print</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>That which is produced by printing.</def> Specifically: <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>An impression taken from anything, as from an engraved plate.</def> "The <i>prints</i> which we see of antiquities." <i>Dryden.</i> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A printed publication, more especially a newspaper or other periodical.</def> <i>Addison.</i> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <def>A printed cloth; a fabric figured by stamping, especially calico or cotton cloth.</def> <sd><i>(d)</i></sd> <def>A photographic copy, or positive picture, on prepared paper, as from a negative, or from a drawing on transparent paper.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <i>(Founding)</i> <def>A core print. See under <u>Core</u>.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Blue print</b></col>, <cd>a copy in white lines on a blue ground, of a drawing, plan, tracing, etc., or a positive picture in blue and white, from a negative, produced by photographic printing on peculiarly prepared paper.</cd> — <col><b>In print</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>In a printed form; issued from the press; published</cd>. <i>Shak.</i> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>To the letter; with accurateness.</cd> "All this I speak <i>in print</i>." <i>Shak.</i> — <col><b>Out of print</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Out</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Print works</b></col>, <cd>a factory where cloth, as calico, is printed.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Print"a-ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Worthy to be published.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Print"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who prints; especially, one who prints books, newspapers, engravings, etc., a compositor; a typesetter; a pressman.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Printer's devil</b></col>, <col><b>Printer's gauge</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Devil</u>, and <u>Gauge</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Printer's ink</b></col>. <cd>See <i>Printing ink</i>, below.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Print"er*y</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A place where cloth is printed; print works; also, a printing office.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Print"ing</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The act, art, or practice of impressing letters, characters, or figures on paper, cloth, or other material; the business of a printer, including typesetting and presswork, with their adjuncts; typography; also, the act of producing photographic prints.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Block printing</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Block</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Printing frame</b></col> <i>(Photog.)</i>, <cd>a shallow box, usually having a glass front, in which prints are made by exposure to light.</cd> — <col><b>Printing house</b></col>, <cd>a printing office.</cd> — <col><b>Printing ink</b></col>, <cd>ink used in printing books, newspapers, etc. It is composed of lampblack or ivory black mingled with linseed or nut oil, made thick by boiling and burning. Other ingredients are employed for the finer qualities.</cd> <i>Ure.</i> — <col><b>Printing office</b></col>, <cd>a place where books, pamphlets, or newspapers, etc., are printed.</cd> — <col><b>Printing paper</b></col>, <cd>paper used in the printing of books, pamphlets, newspapers, and the like, as distinguished from writing paper, wrapping paper, etc.</cd> — <col><b>Printing press</b></col>, <cd>a press for printing, books, newspaper, handbills, etc.</cd> — <col><b>Printing wheel</b></col>, <cd>a wheel with letters or figures on its periphery, used in machines for paging or numbering, or in ticket-printing machines, typewriters, etc.; a type wheel.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Print"less</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Making no imprint.</def> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Print"less</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Making no imprint.</def> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Print"shop`</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A shop where prints are sold.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pri"or</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>prior</i> former, previous, better, superior; compar. corresponding to <i>primus</i> first, and <i>pro</i> for. See <u>Former</u>, and cf. <u>Prime</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>, and <u>Pre-</u>, <u>Pro-</u>.] <def>Preceding in the order of time; former; antecedent; anterior; previous; as, a <i>prior</i> discovery; <i>prior</i> obligation; — used elliptically in cases like the following: he lived alone [in the time] <i>prior</i> to his marriage.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pri"or</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>priour</i>, OF. <i>priour</i>, <i>prior</i>, <i>priur</i>, F. <i>prieur</i>, from L. <i>prior</i> former, superior. See <u>Prior</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <i>(Eccl.)</i> <def>The superior of a priory, and next below an abbot in dignity.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Conventical</b></col>, or <col><b>Conventual</b></col>, <col><b>prior</b></col>, <cd>a prior who is at the head of his own house. See the Note under <u>Priory</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Claustral prior</b></col>, <cd>an official next in rank to the abbot in a monastery; prior of the cloisters.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pri"or*ate</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [LL. <i>prioratus</i>: cf. F. <i>priorat</i>.] <def>The dignity, office, or government, of a prior.</def> <i>T. Warton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pri"or*ess</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>prioresse</i>.] <def>A lady superior of a priory of nuns, and next in dignity to an abbess.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pri*or"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>priorit&eacute;</i>. See <u>Prior</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The quality or state of being prior or antecedent in time, or of preceding something else; as, <i>priority</i> of application.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Precedence; superior rank.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Priority of debts</b></col>, <cd>a superior claim to payment, or a claim to payment before others.</cd></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Antecedence; precedence; pre&euml;minence.</p>

<p><hw>Pri"or*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>Previously.</def> [R.] <i>Geddes.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pri"or*ship</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The state or office of prior; priorate.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pri"o*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Priories</b></plw> (#). [Cf. LL. <i>prioria</i>. See <u>Prior</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <def>A religious house presided over by a prior or prioress; — sometimes an offshoot of, an subordinate to, an abbey, and called also <i>cell</i>, and <i>obedience</i>. See <u>Cell</u>, 2.</def></p>

<p>&fist; Of such houses there were two sorts: one where the prior was chosen by the inmates, and governed as independently as an abbot in an abbey; the other where the priory was subordinate to an abbey, and the prior was placed or displaced at the will of the abbot.</p>

<p><col><b>Alien priory</b></col>, <cd>a small religious house dependent on a large monastery in some other country.</cd></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — See <u>Cloister</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Pris</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Price</u>, and 1st <u>Prize</u>.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Pris"age</hw> (?; 48), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>prisage</i> a praising, valuing, taxing; cf. LL. <i>prisagium</i> prisage; or from F. <i>prise</i> a taking, capture, prize. See <u>Prize</u>.] <i>(O. Eng. Law)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A right belonging to the crown of England, of taking two tuns of wine from every ship importing twenty tuns or more, — one before and one behind the mast. By charter of Edward I. butlerage was substituted for this.</def> <i>Blackstone.</i> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The share of merchandise taken as lawful prize at sea which belongs to the king or admiral.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pris*cil"lian*ist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Eccl. Hist.)</i> <def>A follower of <i>Priscillian</i>, bishop of Avila in Spain, in the fourth century, who mixed various elements of Gnosticism and Manicheism with Christianity.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prise</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>An enterprise.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prise</hw>, <pos><i>n. & v.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Prize</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, 5. Also <u>Prize</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos></def></p>

<p><hw>Pris"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See 1st <u>Prizer</u>.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Prism</hw> (pr&ibreve;z'm), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>prisma</i>, Gr. <grk>pri`sma</grk>, fr. <grk>pri`zein</grk>, <grk>pri`ein</grk>, to saw: cf. F. <i>prisme</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Geom.)</i> <def>A solid whose bases or ends are any similar, equal, and parallel plane figures, and whose sides are parallelograms.</def></p>

<p>&fist; <i>Prisms</i> of different forms are often named from the figure of their bases; as, a triangular <i>prism</i>, a quadrangular <i>prism</i>, a rhombic <i>prism</i>, etc.</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Opt.)</i> <def>A transparent body, with usually three rectangular plane faces or sides, and two equal and parallel triangular ends or bases; — used in experiments on refraction, dispersion, etc.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Crystallog.)</i> <def>A form the planes of which are parallel to the vertical axis. See <u>Form</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, 13.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Achromatic prism</b></col> <i>(Opt.)</i>, <cd>a prism composed usually of two prisms of different transparent substances which have unequal dispersive powers, as two different kinds of glass, especially flint glass and crown glass, the difference of dispersive power being compensated by giving them different refracting angles, so that, when placed together so as to have opposite relative positions, a ray of light passed through them is refracted or bent into a new position, but is free from color.</cd> — <col><b>Nicol's prism</b></col>, <col><b>Nicol prism</b></col>. [So called from Wm. <i>Nicol</i>, of Edinburgh, who first proposed it.] <i>(Opt.)</i> <cd>An instrument for experiments in polarization, consisting of a rhomb of Iceland spar, which has been bisected obliquely at a certain angle, and the two parts again joined with transparent cement, so that the ordinary image produced by double refraction is thrown out of the field by total reflection from the internal cemented surface, and the extraordinary, or polarized, image alone is transmitted.</cd></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pris*mat"ic</hw> (?), <hw>Pris*mat"ic*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>prismatique</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Resembling, or pertaining to, a prism; as, a <i>prismatic</i> form or cleavage.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Separated or distributed by a prism; formed by a prism; as, <i>prismatic</i> colors.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Crystallog.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Orthorhombic</u>.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Prismatic borax</b></col> <i>(Chem.)</i>, <cd>borax crystallized in the form of oblique prisms, with ten molecules of water; — distinguished from <i>octahedral borax</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Prismatic colors</b></col> <i>(Opt.)</i>, <cd>the seven colors into which light is resolved when passed through a prism; primary colors. See <i>Primary colors</i>, under <u>Color</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Prismatic compass</b></col> <i>(Surv.)</i>, <cd>a compass having a prism for viewing a distant object and the compass card at the same time.</cd> — <col><b>Prismatic spectrum</b></col> <i>(Opt.)</i>, <cd>the spectrum produced by the passage of light through a prism.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pris*mat"ic*al*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In the form or manner of a prism; by means of a prism.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pris`ma*toid"al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;, &?;, prism + <i>-oid</i>: F. <i>prismato&iuml;de</i>.] <def>Having a prismlike form.</def> <i>Ure.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pris"moid</hw> (pr&ibreve;z"moid), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>prismto&iuml;de</i>.] <def>A body that approaches to the form of a prism.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pris*moid"al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having the form of a prismoid; as, <i>prismoidal</i> solids.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pris"my</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pertaining to a prism.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Pris"on</hw> (?; 277), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., fr. L. <i>prehensio</i>, <i>prensio</i>, a seizing, arresting, fr. <i>prehendre</i>, <i>prendere</i>, to lay hold of, to seize. See <u>Prehensile</u>, and cf. <u>Prize</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, <u>Misprision</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A place where persons are confined, or restrained of personal liberty; hence, a place or state o&?; confinement, restraint, or safe custody.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Bring my soul out of <i>prison</i>, that I may praise thy name.</blockquote> <i>Ps. cxlii. 7.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The tyrant &AElig;olus, . . . <BR> With power imperial, curbs the struggling winds,<BR> And sounding tempests in dark <i>prisons</i> binds.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Specifically, a building for the safe custody or confinement of criminals and others committed by lawful authority.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Prison bars</b></col>, or <col><b>Prison base</b></col>. <cd>See <u>Base</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, 24.</cd> — <col><b>Prison breach</b></col>. <i>(Law)</i> <cd>See Note under 3d <u>Escape</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, 4.</cd> — <col><b>Prison house</b></col>, <cd>a prison.</cd> <i>Shak.</i> — <col><b>Prison ship</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>a ship fitted up for the confinement of prisoners.</cd> — <col><b>Prison van</b></col>, <cd>a carriage in which prisoners are conveyed to and from prison.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pris"on</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Prisoned</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Prisoning</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To imprison; to shut up in, or as in, a prison; to confine; to restrain from liberty.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>prisoned</i> eagle dies for rage.</blockquote> <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>His true respect will <i>prison</i> false desire.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To bind (together); to enchain.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Sir William Crispyn with the duke was led<BR> Together <i>prisoned</i>.</blockquote> <i>Robert of Brunne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pris"on*er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>prisonnier</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who is confined in a prison.</def> <i>Piers Plowman.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A person under arrest, or in custody, whether in prison or not; a person held in involuntary restraint; a captive; as, a <i>prisoner</i> at the bar of a court.</def> <i>Bouvier.</i></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Prisoner</i> of Hope thou art, — look up and sing.</blockquote> <i>Keble.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Prisoner's base</b></col>. <cd>See <u>Base</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, 24.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pris"on*ment</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Imprisonment.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pris"tin*ate</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pristine; primitive.</def> [Obs.] "<i>Pristinate</i> idolatry." <i>Holinshed.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pris"tine</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>pristinus</i>, akin to <i>prior</i>: cf. F. <i>pristin</i>. See <u>Prior</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <def>Belonging to the earliest period or state; original; primitive; primeval; as, the <i>pristine</i> state of innocence; the <i>pristine</i> manners of a people; <i>pristine</i> vigor.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pritch</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Prick</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A sharp-pointed instrument; also, an eelspear.</def> [Prov. Eng.]</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Pique; offense.</def> [Obs.] <i>D. Rogers.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pritch"el</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A tool employed by blacksmiths for punching or enlarging the nail holes in a horseshoe.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prith"ee</hw> (?), <pos><i>interj.</i></pos> <def>A corruption of <i>pray thee</i>; as, I <i>prithee</i>; generally used without <i>I</i>.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>What was that scream for, I <i>prithee</i>?</blockquote> <i>L'Estrange.</i></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Prithee</i>, tell me, Dimple-chin.</blockquote> <i>E. C. Stedman.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prit"tle-prat`tle</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Prattle</u>.] <def>Empty talk; trifling loquacity; prattle; — used in contempt or ridicule.</def> [Colloq.] <i>Abp. Bramhall.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pri"va*cy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Privacies</b></plw> (#). [See <u>Private</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The state of being in retirement from the company or observation of others; seclusion.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A place of seclusion from company or observation; retreat; solitude; retirement.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Her sacred <i>privacies</i> all open lie.</blockquote> <i>Rowe.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Concealment of what is said or done.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>A private matter; a secret.</def> <i>Fuller.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>See <u>Privity</u>, 2.</def> [Obs.] <i>Arbuthnot.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pri*va"do</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Sp., fr. L. <i>privatus</i>. See <u>Private</u>.] <def>A private friend; a confidential friend; a confidant.</def> [Obs.] <i>Fuller.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pri"vate</hw> (?; 48), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>privatus</i> apart from the state, peculiar to an individual, private, properly p. p. of <i>privare</i> to bereave, deprive, originally, to separate, fr. <i>privus</i> single, private, perhaps originally, put forward (hence, alone, single) and akin to <i>prae</i> before. See <u>Prior</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>, and cf. <u>Deprive</u>, <u>Privy</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Belonging to, or concerning, an individual person, company, or interest; peculiar to one's self; unconnected with others; personal; one's own; not public; not general; separate; as, a man's <i>private</i> opinion; <i>private</i> property; a <i>private</i> purse; <i>private</i> expenses or interests; a <i>private</i> secretary.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Sequestered from company or observation; appropriated to an individual; secret; secluded; lonely; solitary; as, a <i>private</i> room or apartment; <i>private</i> prayer.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Reason . . . then retires<BR> Into her <i>private</i> cell when nature rests.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><! p. 1140 pr=SKB !></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Not invested with, or engaged in, public office or employment; as, a <i>private</i> citizen; <i>private</i> life.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>A <i>private</i> person may arrest a felon.</blockquote> <i>Blackstone.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Not publicly known; not open; secret; as, a <i>private</i> negotiation; a <i>private</i> understanding.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>Having secret or private knowledge; privy.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><col><b>Private act</b></col> or <col><b>statute</b></col>, <cd>a statute exclusively for the settlement of private and personal interests, of which courts do not take judicial notice; — opposed to a <i>general law</i>, which operates on the whole community.</cd> — <col><b>Private nuisance</b></col> or <col><b>wrong</b></col>. <cd>See <u>Nuisance</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Private soldier</b></col>. <cd>See <u>Private</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, 5.</cd> — <col><b>Private way</b></col>, <cd>a right of private passage over another man's ground.</cd> <i>Kent.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pri"vate</hw> (pr&imacr;"v&asl;t), <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A secret message; a personal unofficial communication.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Personal interest; particular business.</def>[Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Nor must I be unmindful of my <i>private</i>.</blockquote> <i>B. Jonson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Privacy; retirement.</def> [Archaic] "Go off; I discard you; let me enjoy my <i>private</i>." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>One not invested with a public office.</def> [Archaic]</p>

<p><blockquote>What have kings, that <i>privates</i> have not too?</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <i>(Mil.)</i> <def>A common soldier; a soldier below the grade of a noncommissioned officer.</def> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <i>pl.</i> <def>The private parts; the genitals.</def></p>

<p><col><b>In private</b></col>, <cd>secretly; not openly or publicly.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pri`va*teer"</hw> (pr&imacr;`v&adot;*t&emacr;r"), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From <u>Private</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>An armed private vessel which bears the commission of the sovereign power to cruise against the enemy. See <i>Letters of marque</i>, under <u>Marque</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The commander of a privateer.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Kidd soon threw off the character of a <i>privateer</i> and became a pirate.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pri`va*teer"</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Privateered</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Privateering</u>.] <def>To cruise in a privateer.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pri`va*teer"ing</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Cruising in a privateer.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pri`va*teers"man</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Privateersmen</b></plw> (&?;). <def>An officer or seaman of a privateer.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pri"vate*ly</hw> (pr&imacr;"v&asl;t*l&ybreve;), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>In a private manner; not openly; without the presence of others.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>In a manner affecting an individual; personally; not officially; as, he is not <i>privately</i> benefited.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pri"vate*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Seclusion from company or society; retirement; privacy; secrecy.</def> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The state of one not invested with public office.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pri*va"tion</hw> (pr&isl;*v&amacr;"sh&ubreve;n), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>privatio</i>: cf. F. <i>privation</i>. See <u>Private</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of depriving, or taking away; hence, the depriving of rank or office; degradation in rank; deprivation.</def> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The state of being deprived or destitute of something, especially of something required or desired; destitution; need; as, to undergo severe <i>privations</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>The condition of being absent; absence; negation.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Evil will be known by consequence, as being only a <i>privation</i>, or absence, of good.</blockquote> <i>South.</i></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Privation</i> mere of light and absent day.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Priv"a*tive</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>privativus</i>: cf. F. <i>privatif</i>. See <u>Private</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Causing privation; depriving.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Consisting in the absence of something; not positive; negative.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Privative</i> blessings, blessings of immunity, safeguard, liberty, and integrity.</blockquote> <i>Jer. Taylor.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Gram.)</i> <def>Implying privation or negation; giving a negative force to a word; as, alpha <i>privative</i>; <i>privative</i> particles; — applied to such prefixes and suffixes as <i>a-</i> (Gr. &?;), <i>un-</i>, <i>non-</i>, <i>-less</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Priv"a*tive</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>That of which the essence is the absence of something.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Blackness and darkness are indeed but <i>privatives</i>.</blockquote> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Logic)</i> <def>A term indicating the absence of any quality which might be naturally or rationally expected; — called also <i>privative term</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Gram.)</i> <def>A privative prefix or suffix. See <u>Privative</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>, 3.</def></p>

<p><hw>Priv"a*tive*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a privative manner; by the absence of something; negatively.</def> [R.] <i>Hammond.</i></p>

<p><hw>Priv"a*tive*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The state of being privative.</def></p>

<p><hw>Priv"et</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. Scot. <i>privie</i>, Prov. E. <i>prim-print</i>, <i>primwort</i>. Prob. for <i>primet</i>, and perh. named from being cut and trimmed. See, <u>Prim</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>, and cf. <u>Prime</u> to prune, <u>Prim</u>, n., <u>Prie</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>An ornamental European shrub (<i>Ligustrum vulgare</i>), much used in hedges; — called also <i>prim</i>.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Egyptian privet</b></col>. <cd>See <u>Lawsonia</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Evergreen privet</b></col>, <cd>a plant of the genus <i>Rhamnus</i>. See <u>Alatern</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Mock privet</b></col>, <cd>any one of several evergreen shrubs of the genus <i>Phillyrea</i>. They are from the Mediterranean region, and have been much cultivated for hedges and for fancifully clipped shrubberies.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Priv"i*lege</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>privil&egrave;ge</i>, L. <i>privilegium</i> an ordinance or law against or in favor of an individual; <i>privus</i> private + <i>lex</i>, <i>legis</i>, law. See <u>Private</u>, and <u>Legal</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A peculiar benefit, advantage, or favor; a right or immunity not enjoyed by others or by all; special enjoyment of a good, or exemption from an evil or burden; a prerogative; advantage; franchise.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He pleads the legal <i>privilege</i> of a Roman.</blockquote> <i>Kettlewell.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>privilege</i> birthright was a double portion.</blockquote> <i>Locke.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>A people inheriting <i>privileges</i>, franchises, and liberties.</blockquote> <i>Burke.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Stockbroker's Cant)</i> <def>See <u>Call</u>, <u>Put</u>, <u>Spread</u>, etc.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Breach of privilege</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Breach</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Question of privilege</b></col> <i>(Parliamentary practice)</i>, <cd>a question which concerns the security of a member of a legislative body in his special privileges as such.</cd> — <col><b>Water privilege</b></col>, <cd>the advantage of having machinery driven by a stream, or a place affording such advantage.</cd> [ U. S.] — <col><b>Writ of privilege</b></col> <i>(Law)</i>, <cd>a writ to deliver a privileged person from custody when arrested in a civil suit.</cd> <i>Blackstone.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Prerogative; immunity; franchise; right; claim; liberty. — <u>Privilege</u>, <u>Prerogative</u>. <i>Privilege</i>, among the Romans, was something conferred upon an individual by a private law; and hence, it denotes some peculiar benefit or advantage, some right or immunity, not enjoyed by the world at large. <i>Prerogative</i>, among the Romans, was the right of voting first; and, hence, it denotes a right of precedence, or of doing certain acts, or enjoying certain privileges, to the exclusion of others. It is the <i>privilege</i> of a member of Congress not to be called in question elsewhere for words uttered in debate. It is the <i>prerogative</i> of the president to nominate judges and executive officers. It is the <i>privilege</i> of a Christian child to be instructed in the true religion. It is the <i>prerogative</i> of a parent to govern and direct his children.</p>

<p><hw>Priv"i*lege</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Privileged</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Privileging</u>.] [Cf. F. <i>privil&eacute;gier</i>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To grant some particular right or exemption to; to invest with a peculiar right or immunity; to authorize; as, to <i>privilege</i> representatives from arrest.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>To <i>privilege</i> dishonor in thy name.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To bring or put into a condition of privilege or exemption from evil or danger; to exempt; to deliver.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He took this place for sanctuary, And it shall <i>privilege</i> him from your hands.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Priv"i*leged</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Invested with a privilege; enjoying a peculiar right, advantage, or immunity.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Privileged communication</b></col>. <i>(Law)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>A communication which can not be disclosed without the consent of the party making it, — such as those made by a client to his legal adviser, or by persons to their religious or medical advisers</cd>. <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>A communication which does not expose the party making it to indictment for libel, — such as those made by persons communicating confidentially with a government, persons consulted confidentially as to the character of servants, etc.</cd> — <col><b>Privileged debts</b></col> <i>(Law)</i>, <cd>those to which a preference in payment is given out of the estate of a deceased person, or out of the estate of an insolvent.</cd> <i>Wharton.</i> <i>Burrill.</i> — <col><b>Privileged witnesses</b></col> <i>(Law)</i> <cd>witnesses who are not obliged to testify as to certain things, as lawyers in relation to their dealings with their clients, and officers of state as to state secrets; also, by statute, clergymen and physicans are placed in the same category, so far as concerns information received by them professionally.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Priv"i*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a privy manner; privately; secretly.</def> <i>Chaucer.</i> <i>2 Pet. ii. 1.</i></p>

<p><hw>Priv"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Privities</b></plw> (-t&ibreve;z). [From <u>Privy</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>: cf. F. <i>privaut&eacute;</i> extreme familiarity.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Privacy; secrecy; confidence.</def> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>I will unto you, in <i>privity</i>, discover . . . my purpose.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Private knowledge; joint knowledge with another of a private concern; cognizance implying consent or concurrence.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>All the doors were laid open for his departure, not without the <i>privity</i> of the Prince of Orange.</blockquote> <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A private matter or business; a secret.</def> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>pl.</i> <def>The genitals; the privates.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <i>(Law)</i> <def>A connection, or bond of union, between parties, as to some particular transaction; mutual or successive relationship to the same rights of property.</def></p>

<p><hw>Priv"y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [F. <i>priv&eacute;</i>, fr. L. <i>privatus</i>. See <u>Private</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Of or pertaining to some person exclusively; assigned to private uses; not public; private; as, the <i>privy</i> purse.</def> " <i>Privee</i> knights and squires." <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Secret; clandestine.</def> " A <i>privee</i> thief." <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Appropriated to retirement; private; not open to the public.</def> " <i>Privy</i> chambers." <i>Ezek. xxi. 14.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Admitted to knowledge of a secret transaction; secretly cognizant; privately knowing.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>His wife also being <i>privy</i> to it.</blockquote> <i>Acts v. 2.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Myself am one made <i>privy</i> to the plot.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Privy chamber</b></col>, <cd>a private apartment in a royal residence.</cd> [Eng.] — <col><b>Privy council</b></col> <i>(Eng. Law)</i>, <cd>the principal council of the sovereign, composed of the cabinet ministers and other persons chosen by the king or queen.</cd> <i>Burrill.</i> — <col><b>Privy councilor</b></col>, <cd>a member of the privy council.</cd> — <col><b>Privy purse</b></col>, <cd>moneys set apart for the personal use of the monarch; also, the title of the person having charge of these moneys.</cd> [Eng.] <i>Macaulay.</i> — <col><b>Privy seal</b></col> or <col><b>signet</b></col>, <cd>the seal which the king uses in grants, etc., which are to pass the great seal, or which he uses in matters of subordinate consequence which do not require the great seal; also, elliptically, the principal secretary of state, or person intrusted with the privy seal.</cd> [Eng.] — <col><b>Privy verdict</b></col>, <cd>a verdict given privily to the judge out of court; — now disused.</cd> <i>Burrill.</i></p>

<p><hw>Priv"y</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Privies</b></plw> (&?;).</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Law)</i> <def>A partaker; a person having an interest in any action or thing; one who has an interest in an estate created by another; a person having an interest derived from a contract or conveyance to which he is not himself a party. The term, in its proper sense, is distinguished from <i>party</i>.</def> <i>Burrill. Wharton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A necessary house or place; a backhouse.</def></p>

<p><hw>Priz"a*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Valuable.</def> <i>H. Taylor.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prize</hw> (pr&imacr;z), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>prise</i> a seizing, hold, grasp, fr. <i>pris</i>, p. p. of <i>prendre</i> to take, L. <i>prendere</i>, <i>prehendere</i>; in some senses, as 2 <sd><i>(b)</i></sd>, either from, or influenced by, F. <i>prix</i> price. See <u>Prison</u>, <u>Prehensile</u>, and cf. <u>Pry</u>, and also <u>Price</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>That which is taken from another; something captured; a thing seized by force, stratagem, or superior power.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I will depart my <i>pris</i>, or my prey, by deliberation.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>His own <i>prize</i>,<BR> Whom formerly he had in battle won.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> Hence, specifically; <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <i>(Law)</i> <def>Anything captured by a belligerent using the rights of war; esp., property captured at sea in virtue of the rights of war, as a vessel.</def> <i>Kent.</i> <i>Brande & C.</i> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>An honor or reward striven for in a competitive contest; anything offered to be competed for, or as an inducement to, or reward of, effort.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I'll never wrestle for <i>prize</i> more.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>I fought and conquered, yet have lost the <i>prize</i>.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <def>That which may be won by chance, as in a lottery.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Anything worth striving for; a valuable possession held or in prospect.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I press toward the mark for the <i>prize</i> of the high calling of God in Christ Jesus.</blockquote> <i>Phil. iii. 14.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>A contest for a reward; competition.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>A lever; a pry; also, the hold of a lever.</def> [Written also <i>prise</i>.]</p>

<p><col><b>Prize court</b></col>, <cd>a court having jurisdiction of all captures made in war on the high seas.</cd> <i>Bouvier.</i> — <col><b>Prize fight</b></col>, <cd>an exhibition contest, esp. one of pugilists, for a stake or wager.</cd> — <col><b>Prize fighter</b></col>, <cd>one who fights publicly for a reward; — applied esp. to a professional boxer or pugilist.</cd> <i>Pope.</i> — <col><b>Prize fighting</b></col>, <cd>fighting, especially boxing, in public for a reward or wager.</cd> — <col><b>Prize master</b></col>, <cd>an officer put in charge or command of a captured vessel.</cd> — <col><b>Prize medal</b></col>, <cd>a medal given as a prize.</cd> — <col><b>Prize money</b></col>, <cd>a dividend from the proceeds of a captured vessel, etc., paid to the captors.</cd> — <col><b>Prize ring</b></col>, <cd>the ring or inclosure for a prize fight; the system and practice of prize fighting.</cd> — <col><b>To make prize of</b></col>, <cd>to capture.</cd> <i>Hawthorne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To move with a lever; to force up or open; to pry.</def> [Written also <i>prise</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Prize</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Prized</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Prizing</u>.] [F. <i>priser</i>, OF. <i>prisier</i>, <i>preisier</i>, fr. L. <i>pretiare</i>, fr. <i>pretium</i> worth, value, price. See <u>Price</u>, and cf. <u>Praise</u>.] [Formerly written also <i>prise</i>. ]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To set or estimate the value of; to appraise; to price; to rate.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A goodly price that I was <i>prized</i> at.</blockquote> <i>Zech. xi. 13.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>I <i>prize</i> it [life] not a straw, but for mine honor.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To value highly; to estimate to be of great worth; to esteem.</def> "[I] do love, <i>prize</i>, honor you. " <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>I <i>prized</i> your person, but your crown disdain.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prize</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>prix</i> price. See 3d <u>Prize</u>. ] <def>Estimation; valuation.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prize"man</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Prizemen</b></plw> (&?;). <def>The winner of a prize.</def></p>

<p><hw>Priz"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See 3d <u>Prize</u>.] <def>One who estimates or sets the value of a thing; an appraiser.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Priz"er</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See 1st <u>Prize</u>.] <def>One who contends for a prize; a prize fighter; a challenger.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Appeareth no man yet to answer the <i>prizer</i>.</blockquote> <i>B. Jonson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Priz"ing</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See 2d <u>Prize</u>.] <def>The application of a lever to move any weighty body, as a cask, anchor, cannon, car, etc. See <u>Prize</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, 5.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro-</hw> (?). [L. <i>pro</i>, or Gr. &?;. See <u>Pro</u>.] <def>A prefix signifying <i>before</i>, <i>in front</i>, <i>forth</i>, <i>for</i>, <i>in behalf of</i>, <i>in place of</i>, <i>according to</i>; as, <i>pro</i>pose, to place before; <i>pro</i>ceed, to go before or forward; <i>pro</i>ject, to throw forward; <i>pro</i>logue, part spoken before (the main piece); <i>pro</i>pel, <i>pro</i>gnathous; <i>pro</i>vide, to look out for; <i>pro</i>noun, a word instead of a noun; <i>pro</i>consul, a person acting in place of a consul; <i>pro</i>portion, arrangement according to parts.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pro</hw>, <pos><i>prep.</i></pos> [L.; akin to <i>prae</i> before, Gr. &?;, and E. <i>for</i>. See <u>For</u>, <i>prep</i>., and cf. <u>Prior</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <def>A Latin preposition signifying <i>for</i>, <i>before</i>, <i>forth</i>.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Pro confesso</b></col> [L.] <i>(Law)</i>, <cd>taken as confessed. The action of a court of equity on that portion of the pleading in a particular case which the pleading on the other side does not deny.</cd> — <col><b>Pro rata</b></col>. [L. See <u>Prorate</u>.] <cd>In proportion; proportion.</cd> — <col><b>Pro re nata</b></col> [L.] <i>(Law)</i>, <cd>for the existing occasion; as matters are.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pro</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>For, on, or in behalf of, the affirmative side; — in contrast with <i>con</i>.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Pro and con</b></col>, <cd>for and against, on the affirmative and on the negative side; as, they debated the question <i>pro and con</i>; — formerly used also as a verb.</cd> — <col><b>Pros and cons</b></col>, <cd>the arguments or reasons on either side.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pro"a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Malay <i>pr&amacr;</i>&?;, pr<i>&amacr;h&?;</i>.] <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>A sailing canoe of the Ladrone Islands and Malay Archipelago, having its lee side flat and its weather side like that of an ordinary boat. The ends are alike. The canoe is long and narrow, and is kept from overturning by a cigar-shaped log attached to a frame extending several feet to windward. It has been called the <i>flying proa</i>, and is the swiftest sailing craft known.</def></p>

<p><hw>Proach</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Approach</u>.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Pro*at"las</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>pro-</i> + <i>atlas</i>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>A vertebral rudiment in front of the atlas in some reptiles.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prob`a*bil"i*o*rism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The doctrine of the probabiliorists.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prob`a*bil"i*o*rist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From L. <i>probabilior</i>, compar. of <i>probabilis</i> probable.] <i>(Casuistry)</i> <def>One who holds, in opposition to the probabilists, that a man is bound to do that which is most probably right.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prob"a*bil*ism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>probabilisme</i>.] <def>The doctrine of the probabilists.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prob"a*bil*ist</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>probabiliste</i>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who maintains that certainty is impossible, and that probability alone is to govern our faith and actions.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Casuistry)</i> <def>One who maintains that a man may do that which has a probability of being right, or which is inculcated by teachers of authority, although other opinions may seem to him still more probable.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prob`a*bil"i*ty</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Probabilities</b></plw> (#). [L. <i>probabilitas</i>: cf. F. <i>probabilit&eacute;</i>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The quality or state of being probable; appearance of reality or truth; reasonable ground of presumption; likelihood.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Probability</i> is the appearance of the agreement or disagreement of two ideas, by the intervention of proofs whose connection is not constant, but appears for the most part to be so.</blockquote> <i>Locke.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>That which is or appears probable; anything that has the appearance of reality or truth.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The whole life of man is a perpetual comparison of evidence and balancing of <i>probabilities</i>.</blockquote> <i>Buckminster.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>We do not call for evidence till antecedent <i>probabilities</i> fail.</blockquote> <i>J. H. Newman.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Math.)</i> <def>Likelihood of the occurrence of any event in the doctrine of chances, or the ratio of the number of favorable chances to the whole number of chances, favorable and unfavorable. See 1st <u>Chance</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, 5.</def></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Likeliness; credibleness; likelihood; chance.</p>

<p><hw>Prob"a*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>probabilis</i>, fr. <i>probare</i> to try, approve, prove: cf. F. <i>probable</i>. See <u>Prove</u>, and cf. <u>Provable</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Capable of being proved.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Having more evidence for than against; supported by evidence which inclines the mind to believe, but leaves some room for doubt; likely.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>That is accounted <i>probable</i> which has better arguments producible for it than can be brought against it.</blockquote> <i>South.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>I do not say that the principles of religion are merely <i>probable</i>; I have before asserted them to be morally certain.</blockquote> <i>Bp. Wilkins.</i></p>

<p><! p. 1141 !></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Rendering probable; supporting, or giving ground for, belief, but not demonstrating; as, <i>probable</i> evidence; <i>probable</i> presumption.</def> <i>Blackstone.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Probable cause</b></col> <i>(Law)</i>, <cd>a reasonable ground of presumption that a charge is, or my be, well founded.</cd> - - <col><b>Probable error</b></col><cd> (of an observation, or of the mean of a number), that within which, taken positively and negatively, there is an even chance that the real error shall lie. Thus, if 3&Prime; is the probable error in a given case, the chances that the real error is greater than 3&Prime; are equal to the chances that it is less. The probable error is computed from the observations made, and is used to express their degree of accuracy.</cd> — <col><b>The probable</b></col>, <cd>that which is within the bounds of probability; that which is not unnatural or preternatural; — opposed to <i>the marvelous</i>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Prob"a*bly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a probable manner; in likelihood.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Distinguish between what may possibly and what will <i>probably</i> be done.</blockquote> <i>L'Estrange.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro"ba*cy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Probate</u>.] <def>Proof; trial.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro"bal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Approved; probable.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*bal"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Probability.</def> [Obs.] "With as great <i>probality</i>." <i>Holland.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro"bang</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Probe</u>.] <def>A slender elastic rod, as of whalebone, with a sponge on the end, for removing obstructions from the esophagus, etc.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro"bate</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From L. <i>probatus</i>, p. p. of <i>probare</i> to prove. See <u>Prove</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Proof.</def> [Obs.] <i>Skelton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Law)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>Official proof; especially, the proof before a competent officer or tribunal that an instrument offered, purporting to be the last will and testament of a person deceased, is indeed his lawful act; the copy of a will proved, under the seal of the Court of Probate, delivered to the executors with a certificate of its having been proved.</def> <i>Bouvier.</i> <i>Burrill.</i> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The right or jurisdiction of proving wills.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro"bate</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or belonging to a probate, or court of probate; as, a <i>probate</i> record.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Probate Court</b></col>, or <col><b>Court of Probate</b></col>, <cd>a court for the probate of wills.</cd> — <col><b>Probate duty</b></col>, <cd>a government tax on property passing by will.</cd> [Eng.]</p>

<p><hw>Pro"bate</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To obtain the official approval of, as of an instrument purporting to be the last will and testament; as, the executor has <i>probated</i> the will.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*ba"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>probatio</i>, fr. <i>probare</i> to try, examine, prove: cf. F. <i>probation</i>. See <u>Prove</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of proving; also, that which proves anything; proof.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>When by miracle God dispensed great gifts to the laity, . . . he gave <i>probation</i> that he intended that all should prophesy and preach.</blockquote> <i>Jer. Taylor.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Any proceeding designed to ascertain truth, to determine character, qualification, etc.; examination; trial; as, to engage a person on <i>probation</i>.</def> Hence, specifically: <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The novitiate which a person must pass in a convent, to probe his or her virtue and ability to bear the severities of the rule.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The trial of a ministerial candidate's qualifications prior to his ordination, or to his settlement as a pastor.</def> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <def>Moral trial; the state of man in the present life, in which he has the opportunity of proving his character, and becoming qualified for a happier state.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>No [view of human life] seems so reasonable as that which regards it as a state of <i>probation</i>.</blockquote> <i>Paley.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*ba"tion*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Probationary.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*ba"tion*a*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to probation; serving for trial.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>To consider this life . . . as a <i>probationary</i> state.</blockquote> <i>Paley.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*ba"tion*er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who is undergoing probation; one who is on trial; a novice.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>While yet a young <i>probationer</i>,<BR> And candidate of heaven.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A student in divinity, who, having received certificates of good morals and qualifications from his university, is admitted to several trials by a presbytery, and, on acquitting himself well, is licensed to preach.</def> [Scot.]</p>

<p><hw>Pro*ba"tion*er*ship</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The state of being a probationer; novitiate.</def> <i>Locke.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*ba"tion*ship</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A state of probation.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro"ba*tive</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>probativus</i>: cf. F. <i>probatif</i>.] <def>Serving for trial or proof; probationary; as, <i>probative</i> judgments; <i>probative</i> evidence.</def> <i>South.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*ba"tor</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>An examiner; an approver.</def> <i>Maydman.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(O. Eng. Law)</i> <def>One who, when indicted for crime, confessed it, and accused others, his accomplices, in order to obtain pardon; a state's evidence.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro"ba*to*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>probatoire</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Serving for trial; probationary.</def> <i>Abp. Bramhall.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Pertaining to, or serving for, proof.</def> <i>Jer. Taylor.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Probatory term</b></col> <i>(Law)</i>, <cd>a time for taking testimony.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Probe</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Probed</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Probing</u>.] [L. <i>probare</i> to try, examine. See <u>Prove</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To examine, as a wound, an ulcer, or some cavity of the body, with a probe.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Fig.: to search to the bottom; to scrutinize or examine thoroughly.</def> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The growing disposition to <i>probe</i> the legality of all acts, of the crown.</blockquote> <i>Hallam.</i></p>

<p><hw>Probe</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Surg.)</i> <def>An instrument for examining the depth or other circumstances of a wound, ulcer, or cavity, or the direction of a sinus, of for exploring for bullets, for stones in the bladder, etc.</def> <i>Parr.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Probe</b></col>, or <col><b>Probe-pointed</b></col>, <col><b>scissors</b></col> <i>(Surg.)</i>, <cd>scissors used to open wounds, the blade of which, to be thrust into the orifice, has a button at the end.</cd> <i>Wiseman.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro"bea`gle</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>See <u>Porbeagle</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Probe"-point`ed</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Surg.)</i> <def>Having a blunt or button-shaped extremity; — said of cutting instruments.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prob"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>probit&eacute;</i>, fr. L. <i>probitas</i>, fr. <i>probus</i> good, proper, honest. Cf. <u>Prove</u>.] <def>Tried virtue or integrity; approved moral excellence; honesty; rectitude; uprightness.</def> "<i>Probity</i> of mind." <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — <u>Probity</u>, <u>Integrity</u>. <i>Probity</i> denotes unimpeachable honesty and virtue, shown especially by the performance of those obligations, called <i>imperfect</i>, which the laws of the state do not reach, and can not enforce. <i>Integrity</i> denotes a <i>whole</i>-hearted honesty, and especially that which excludes all injustice that might favor one's self. It has a peculiar reference to uprightness in mutual dealings, transfer of property, and the execution of trusts for others.</p>

<p><hw>Prob"lem</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>probl&egrave;me</i>, L. <i>problema</i>, fr. Gr. &?; anything thrown forward, a question proposed for solution, fr. &?; to throw or lay before; &?; before, forward + &?; to throw. Cf. <u>Parable</u>. ]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A question proposed for solution; a matter stated for examination or proof; hence, a matter difficult of solution or settlement; a doubtful case; a question involving doubt.</def> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Math.)</i> <def>Anything which is required to be done; as, in geometry, to bisect a line, to draw a perpendicular; or, in algebra, to find an unknown quantity.</def></p>

<p>&fist; <i>Problem</i> differs from <i>theorem</i> in this, that a problem is something to be done, as to bisect a triangle, to describe a circle, etc.; a theorem is something to be proved, as that all the angles of a triangle are equal to two right angles.</p>

<p><col><b>Plane problem</b></col> <i>(Geom.)</i>, <cd>a problem that can be solved by the use of the rule and compass.</cd> — <col><b>Solid problem</b></col> <i>(Geom.)</i>, <cd>a problem requiring in its geometric solution the use of a conic section or higher curve.</cd></p>

<p>{ <hw>Prob`lem*at"ic</hw> (?), <hw>Prob`lem*at"ic*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>problematicus</i>, Gr. &?;: cf. F. <i>probl&eacute;matique</i>.] <def>Having the nature of a problem; not shown in fact; questionable; uncertain; unsettled; doubtful.</def> — <wf>Prob`lem*at"ic*al*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><blockquote>Diligent inquiries into remote and <i>problematical</i> guilt leave a gate wide open to . . . informers.</blockquote> <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prob"lem*a*tist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who proposes problems.</def> [R.] <i>Evelyn.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prob"lem*a*tize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To propose problems.</def> [R.] "Hear him <i>problematize</i>." <i>B. Jonson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*bos"ci*date</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See <u>Proboscis</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Having a proboscis; proboscidial.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pro`bos*cid"e*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Proboscis</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>An order of large mammals including the elephants and mastodons.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro`bos*cid"e*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Proboscidian.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro`bos*cid"i*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Proboscidate.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro`bos*cid"i*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Pertaining to the Proboscidea.</def> — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One of the Proboscidea.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pro*bos`ci*dif"e*ra</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Proboscis</u>, and <u>-ferous</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>An extensive division of pectinibranchiate gastropods, including those that have a long retractile proboscis, with the mouth at the end, as the cones, whelks, tritons, and cowries. See <i>Illust.</i> of <u>Gastropoda</u>, and of <u>Winkle</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A subdivision of the t&aelig;nioglossate gastropods, including the fig-shells (<i>Pyrula</i>), the helmet shells (<i>Cassis</i>), the tritons, and allied genera.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro`bos*cid"i*form</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having the form or uses of a proboscis; as, a <i>proboscidiform</i> mouth.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*bos"cis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Proboscides</b></plw> (#). [L. fr. Gr. &?;; &?; before + &?; to feed, graze.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A hollow organ or tube attached to the head, or connected with the mouth, of various animals, and generally used in taking food or drink; a snout; a trunk.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The proboscis of an elephant is a flexible muscular elongation of the nose. The proboscis of insects is usually a chitinous tube formed by the modified maxill&aelig;, or by the labium. See <i>Illusts</i>. of <u>Hemiptera</u> and <u>Lepidoptera</u>.</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>By extension, applied to various tubelike mouth organs of the lower animals that can be everted or protruded.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The proboscis of annelids and of mollusks is usually a portion of the pharynx that can be everted or protruded. That of nemerteans is a special long internal organ, not connected with the mouth, and not used in feeding, but capable of being protruded from a pore in the head. See <i>Illust.</i> in Appendix.</p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>The nose.</def> [Jocose]</p>

<p><col><b>Proboscis monkey</b></col>. <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <cd>See <u>Kahau</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pro*ca"cious</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>procax</i>, <i>-acis</i>, fr. <i>procare</i> to ask, demand.] <def>Pert; petulant; forward; saucy.</def> [R.] <i>Barrow.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*cac"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>procacitas</i>.] <def>Forwardness; pertness; petulance.</def> [R.] <i>Burton.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Pro*cam"bi*um</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Pro- </u>, and <u>Cambium</u>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The young tissue of a fibrovascular bundle before its component cells have begun to be differentiated.</def> <i>Sachs.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro`cat*arc"tic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; beginning beforehand. fr. &?; to begin first; &?; before + &?; to begin; &?; intens. + &?; to begin: cf. F. <i>procatarctique</i>. ] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Beginning; predisposing; exciting; initial.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p>&fist; The words <i>procatarctic causes</i> have been used with different significations. Thus they have been employed synonymously with <i>prime causes</i>, <i>exciting causes</i>, and <i>predisposing</i> or <i>remote causes</i>.</p>

<p><blockquote>The physician inquires into the <i>procatarctic</i> causes.</blockquote> <i>Harvey.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Pro`cat*arx"is</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?; first beginning.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>The kindling of a disease into action; also, the procatarctic cause.</def> <i>Quincy.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Pro`ce*den"do</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Abl. of the gerundive of L. <i>procedere</i>. see <u>Proceed</u>.] <i>(Law)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A writ by which a cause which has been removed on insufficient grounds from an inferior to a superior court by <i>certiorari</i>, or otherwise, is sent down again to the same court, <i>to be proceeded in</i> there.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>In English practice, a writ issuing out of chancery in cases where the judges of subordinate courts delay giving judgment, commanding them to proceed to judgment.</def> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <def>A writ by which the commission of the justice of the peace is revived, after having been suspended.</def> <i>Tomlins. Burrill.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*ce"dure</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>proc&eacute;dure</i>. See <u>Proceed</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act or manner of proceeding or moving forward; progress; process; operation; conduct.</def> "The true <i>procedure</i> of conscience." <i>South.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A step taken; an act performed; a proceeding; the steps taken in an action or other legal proceeding.</def> "Gracious <i>procedures</i>." <i>I. Taylor.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>That which results; issue; product.</def> [Obs.] <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*ceed"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Proceeded</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Proceeding</u>.] [F. <i>proc&eacute;der</i>. fr. L. <i>procedere</i>, <i>processum</i>, to go before, to proceed; <i>pro</i> forward + <i>cedere</i> to move. See <u>Cede</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To move, pass, or go forward or onward; to advance; to continue or renew motion begun; as, to <i>proceed</i> on a journey.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>If thou <i>proceed</i> in this thy insolence.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To pass from one point, topic, or stage, to another; as, to <i>proceed</i> with a story or argument.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To issue or come forth as from a source or origin; to come from; as, light <i>proceeds</i> from the sun.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I <i>proceeded</i> forth and came from God.</blockquote> <i>John viii. 42.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>It <i>proceeds</i> from policy, not love.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To go on in an orderly or regulated manner; to begin and carry on a series of acts or measures; to act by method; to prosecute a design.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He that <i>proceeds</i> upon other principles in his inquiry.</blockquote> <i>Locke.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>To be transacted; to take place; to occur.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>He will, after his sour fashion, tell you<BR> What hath <i>proceeded</i> worthy note to-day.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>To have application or effect; to operate.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>This rule only <i>proceeds</i> and takes place when a person can not of common law condemn another by his sentence.</blockquote> <i>Ayliffe.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <i>(Law)</i> <def>To begin and carry on a legal process.</def></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — To advance; go on; continue; progress; issue; arise; emanate.</p>

<p><hw>Pro"ceed</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Proceeds</u>.</def> [Obs.] <i>Howell.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*ceed"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who proceeds.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*ceed"ing</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of one who proceeds, or who prosecutes a design or transaction; progress or movement from one thing to another; a measure or step taken in a course of business; a transaction; as, an illegal <i>proceeding</i>; a cautious or a violent <i>proceeding</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>proceedings</i> of the high commission.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>pl.</i> <i>(Law)</i> <def>The course of procedure in the prosecution of an action at law.</def> <i>Blackstone.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Proceedings of a society</b></col>, <cd>the published record of its action, or of things done at its meetings.</cd></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Procedure; measure; step, See <u>Transaction</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Pro"ceeds</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> <def>That which comes forth or results; effect; yield; issue; product; sum accruing from a sale, etc.</def></p>

<p><hw>Proc`e*leus*mat"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>proceleusmaticus</i>, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to rouse to action beforehand; &?; + &?; to incite; cf. F. <i>proc&eacute;leusmatique</i>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Inciting; animating; encouraging.</def> [R.] <i>Johnson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Pros.)</i> <def>Consisting of four short syllables; composed of feet of four short syllables each.</def></p>

<p><hw>Proc`e*leus*mat"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Pros.)</i> <def>A foot consisting of four short syllables.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro`cel*la"ri*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>procella</i> a storm.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of a family of oceanic birds (<i>Procellarid&aelig;</i>) including the petrels, fulmars, and shearwaters. They are often seen in great abundance in stormy weather.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*cel"lous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>procellosus</i>, fr. <i>procella</i> a storm.] <def>Stormy.</def> [Obs.] <i>Bailey.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro`ce*phal"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>pro- </i> + <i>cephalic</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Pertaining to, or forming, the front of the head.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Procephalic lobe</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>that part of the head of an invertebrate animal which is in front of the mouth.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pro*cep"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>pro-</i> + L. <i>capere</i> to take.] <def>Preoccupation.</def> [Obs.] <i>Eikon Basilik&?;.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*cere"</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>procerus</i> tall.] <def>Of high stature; tall.</def> [Obs.] <i>Evelyn.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*cer"e*brum</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>pro- </i> + <i>cerebrum</i>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>The prosencephalon.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Proc"e*res</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr. L. <i>procer</i> &?; chief.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>An order of large birds; the Ratit&aelig;; — called also <i>Proceri</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Proc"er*ite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>pro-</i> + Gr. &?; &?; horn.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The segment next to the flagellum of the antenn&aelig; of Crustacea.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*cer"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>proceritas</i>.] <def>Height of stature; tallness.</def> [R.] <i>Johnson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Proc"ess</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>proc&egrave;s</i>, L. <i>processus</i>. See <u>Proceed</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of proceeding; continued forward movement; procedure; progress; advance.</def> "Long <i>process</i> of time." <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The thoughts of men are widened with the <i>process</i> of the suns.</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A series of actions, motions, or occurrences; progressive act or transaction; continuous operation; normal or actual course or procedure; regular proceeding; as, the <i>process</i> of vegetation or decomposition; a chemical <i>process</i>; <i>processes</i> of nature.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Tell her the <i>process</i> of Antonio's end.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A statement of events; a narrative.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Anat. & Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any marked prominence or projecting part, especially of a bone; anapophysis.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <i>(Law)</i> <def>The whole course of proceedings in a cause real or personal, civil or criminal, from the beginning to the end of the suit; strictly, the means used for bringing the defendant into court to answer to the action; — a generic term for writs of the class called <i>judicial</i>.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Deacon's process</b></col> [from H. <i>Deacon</i>, who introduced it] <i>(Chem.)</i>, <cd>a method of obtaining chlorine gas by passing hydrochloric acid gas over heated slag which has been previously saturated with a solution of some metallic salt, as sulphate of copper.</cd> — <col><b>Final process</b></col> <i>(Practice)</i>, <cd>a writ of execution in an action at law.</cd> <i>Burrill.</i> — <col><b>In process</b></col>, <cd>in the condition of advance, accomplishment, transaction, or the like; begun, and not completed.</cd> — <col><b>Jury process</b></col> <i>(Law)</i>, <cd>the process by which a jury is summoned in a cause, and by which their attendance is enforced.</cd> <i>Burrill.</i> — <col><b>Leblanc's process</b></col> <i>(Chem.)</i>, <cd>the process of manufacturing soda by treating salt with sulphuric acid, reducing the sodium sulphate so formed to sodium sulphide by roasting with charcoal, and converting the sodium sulphide to sodium carbonate by roasting with lime.</cd> — <col><b>Mesne process</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Mesne</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Process milling</b></col>, <cd>the process of high milling for grinding flour. See under <u>Milling</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Reversible process</b></col> <i>(Thermodynamics)</i>, <cd>any process consisting of a cycle of operations such that the different operations of the cycle can be performed in reverse order with a reversal of their effects.</cd></p>

<p><! p. 1142 !></p>

<p><hw>Pro*ces"sion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., fr. L. <i>processio</i>. See <u>Proceed</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of proceeding, moving on, advancing, or issuing; regular, orderly, or ceremonious progress; continuous course.</def> <i>Bp. Pearson.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>That the <i>procession</i> of their life might be</blockquote> <blockquote>More equable, majestic, pure, and free.</blockquote> <i>Trench.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>That which is moving onward in an orderly, stately, or solemn manner; a train of persons advancing in order; a ceremonious train; a retinue; as, a <i>procession</i> of mourners; the Lord Mayor's <i>procession</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Here comes the townsmen on <i>procession</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Eccl.)</i> <def>An orderly and ceremonial progress of persons, either from the sacristy to the choir, or from the choir around the church, within or without.</def> <i>Shipley.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>pl.</i> <i>(Eccl.)</i> <def>An old term for litanies which were said in procession and not kneeling.</def> <i>Shipley.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Procession of the Holy Ghost</b></col>, <cd>a theological term applied to the relation of the Holy Spirit to the Father and the Son, the Eastern Church affirming that the Spirit proceeds from the Father only, and the Western Church that the Spirit proceeds from the Father and the Son.</cd> <i>Shipley.</i> — <col><b>Procession week</b></col>, <cd>a name for Rogation week, when processions were made; Cross-week.</cd> <i>Shipley.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*ces"sion</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <i>(Law)</i> <def>To ascertain, mark, and establish the boundary lines of, as lands.</def> [Local, U. S. (North Carolina and Tennessee).] "To <i>procession</i> the lands of such persons as desire it." <i>Burrill.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*ces"sion</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To march in procession.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Pro*ces"sion</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To honor with a procession.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Pro*ces"sion*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to a procession; consisting in a procession.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>processional</i> services became more frequent.</blockquote> <i>Milman.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*ces"sion*al</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>processionnal</i>, LL. <i>processionale</i>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(R. C. Ch.)</i> <def>A service book relating to ecclesiastical processions.</def> <i>J. Gregory.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A hymn, or other selection, sung during a church procession; as, the <i>processional</i> was the 202d hymn.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*ces"sion*al*ist</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who goes or marches in a procession.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Pro*ces"sion*a*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. LL. <i>processionarius</i>, F. <i>processionnaire</i>.] <def>Pertaining to a procession; consisting in processions; as, <i>processionary</i> service.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Processionary moth</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>any moth of the genus <i>Cnethocampa</i>, especially <i>C. processionea</i> of Europe, whose larv&aelig; make large webs on oak trees, and go out to feed in regular order. They are covered with stinging hairs.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pro*ces"sion*er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who takes part in a procession.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A manual of processions; a processional.</def> <i>Fuller.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>An officer appointed to procession lands.</def> [Local, U. S. (North Carolina and Tennessee).] <i>Burrill.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*ces"sion*ing</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A proceeding prescribed by statute for ascertaining and fixing the boundaries of land. See 2d <u>Procession</u>.</def> [ Local, U. S.] <i>Bouvier.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*ces"sive</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Proceeding; advancing.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Because it is language, — ergo, <i>processive</i>.</blockquote> <i>Coleridge.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Pro`c&egrave;s" ver`bal"</hw> (?). [ F.] <i>(French Law)</i> <def>An authentic minute of an official act, or statement of facts.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro"chein</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [F. <i>prochain</i>, fr. L. (assumed) <i>proximanus</i>, fr. <i>proximus</i>.] <def>Next; nearest.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Prochein ami</b></col> or <col><b>amy</b></col> (&?;) <i>(Law)</i>, <cd>the next friend. See under <u>Next</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pro*chor"dal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>pro + chordal</i>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Situated in front of the notochord; — applied especially to parts of the cartilaginous rudiments in the base of the skull.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro"chro*nism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; preceding in time; &?; before + &?; time: cf. F. <i>prochronisme</i>.] <def>The dating of an event before the time it happened; an antedating; — opposed to <i>metachronism</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro"chro*nize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To antedate.</def> <i>Fitzed. Hall.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Proc"i*dence</hw>, <hw>||Proc*i*den"ti*a</hw> (?), }, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>procidentia</i>, fr. <i>procidens</i>, p. pr. of <i>procidere</i> to fall down forward.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>A falling down; a prolapsus.</def> [R.] <i>Parr.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*cid"u*ous</hw> (&?;), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [ L. <i>prociduus</i>.] <def>Falling from its proper place.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*cinct"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>procinctus</i>, fr. <i>procingere</i>, <i>procinctum</i>, to gird up.] <def>A state of complete readiness for action.</def> [Obs.] "War in <i>procinct</i>." <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*claim"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Proclaimed</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Proclaiming</u>.] [OE. <i>proclamen</i>, L. <i>proclamare</i>; <i>pro</i> before, forward + <i>clamare</i> to call or cry out: cf. F. <i>proclamer</i>. See <u>Claim</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To make known by public announcement; to give wide publicity to; to publish abroad; to promulgate; to declare; as, to <i>proclaim</i> war or peace.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>To <i>proclaim</i> liberty to the captives.</blockquote> <i>Isa. lxi. 1.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>For the apparel oft <i>proclaims</i> the man.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Throughout the host <i>proclaim</i><BR> A solemn council forthwith to be held.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To outlaw by public proclamation.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I heard myself <i>proclaimed</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — To publish; promulgate; declare; announce. See <u>Announce</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Pro*claim"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who proclaims.</def></p>

<p><hw>Proc`la*ma"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>proclamation</i>, L. <i>proclamatio</i>. See <u>Proclaim</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of proclaiming; official or general notice; publication.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>King Asa made a <i>proclamation</i> throughout all Judah; none was exempted.</blockquote> <i>1 Kings xv. 22.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>That which is proclaimed, publicly announced, or officially declared; a published ordinance; as, the <i>proclamation</i> of a king; a Thanksgiving <i>proclamation</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*clit"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; to lean forward; &?; forward + &?; to lean or incline. Cf. <u>Enclitic</u>.] <i>(Gr. Gram.)</i> <def>Leaning forward; — said of certain monosyllabic words which are so closely attached to the following word as not to have a separate accent.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*clive"</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>proclivis</i> sloping, inclined; <i>pro</i> forward + <i>clivus</i> hill: cf. F. <i>proclive</i>. See <u>Declivity</u>, and cf. <u>Proclivous</u>.] <def>Having a tendency by nature; prone; proclivous.</def> [R.] <i>Mrs. Browning.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*cliv"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>proclivitas</i>: cf. F. <i>proclivit&eacute;</i>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Inclination; propensity; proneness; tendency.</def> "A <i>proclivity</i> to steal." <i>Abp. Bramhall.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Readiness; facility; aptitude.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He had such a dexterous <i>proclivity</i> as his teachers were fain to restrain his forwardness.</blockquote> <i>Sir H. Wotton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*cli"vous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>proclivus</i>. See <u>Proclive</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Inclined; tending by nature.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Having the incisor teeth directed forward.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*c&oelig;le"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>pro</i> + Gr. &?; hollow.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>A lateral cavity of the prosencephalon; a lateral ventricle of the brain.</def> <i>B. G. Wilder.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Pro*c&oelig;"li*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Proc&oelig;li&aelig;</b></plw> (&?;). [ NL.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Proc&oelig;le</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pro*c&oelig;"li*a</hw>, <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A division of Crocodilia, including the true crocodiles and alligators, in which the dorsal vertebr&aelig; are concave in front.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*c&oelig;"li*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See <u>Proc&oelig;le</u>.] <i>(Anat & Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Concave in front; as, <i>proc&oelig;lian</i> vertebr&aelig;, which have the anterior end of the centra concave and the posterior convex.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*c&oelig;"li*an</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A reptile having proc&oelig;lian vertebr&aelig;; one of the Proc&oelig;lia.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*c&oelig;"lous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos><def>Same as <u>Proc&oelig;lian</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*con"sul</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., fr. <i>pro</i> for + <i>consul</i> consul.] <i>(Rom. Antiq.)</i> <def>An officer who discharged the duties of a consul without being himself consul; a governor of, or a military commander in, a province. He was usually one who had previously been consul.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pro*con"su*lar</hw> (?), <hw>Pro*con"su*la*ry</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>proconsularis</i>: cf. F. <i>proconsulaire</i>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Of or pertaining of a proconsul; as, <i>proconsular</i> powers.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Under the government of a proconsul; as, a <i>proconsular</i> province.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*con"su*late</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>proconsulatus</i>: cf. F. <i>proconsulat</i>.] <def>The office jurisdiction of a proconsul, or the term of his office.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*con"sul*ship</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Proconsulate.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*cras"ti*nate</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Procrastinated</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Procrastinating</u>.] [L. <i>procrastinatus</i>, p. p. of <i>procrastinare</i> to procrastinate; <i>pro</i> forward + <i>crastinus</i> of to-morrow, fr. <i>cras</i> to-morrow.] <def>To put off till to-morrow, or from day to day; to defer; to postpone; to delay; as, to <i>procrastinate</i> repentance.</def> <i>Dr. H. More.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Hopeless and helpless &AElig;geon wend,<BR> But to <i>procrastinate</i> his lifeless end.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — To postpone; adjourn; defer; delay; retard; protract; prolong.</p>

<p><hw>Pro*cras"ti*nate</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To delay; to be dilatory.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I <i>procrastinate</i> more than I did twenty years ago.</blockquote> <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*cras`ti*na"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>procrastinatio</i>: cf. F. <i>procrastination</i>.] <def>The act or habit of procrastinating, or putting off to a future time; delay; dilatoriness.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Procrastination</i> is the thief of time.</blockquote> <i>Young.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*cras"ti*na`tor</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who procrastinates, or defers the performance of anything.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*cras"ti*na*to*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to procrastination; dilatory.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*cras"tine</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To procrastinate.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Pro"cre*ant</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>procreans</i>, p. pr. of <i>procreare</i>. See <u>Procreate</u>.] <def>Generating; producing; productive; fruitful; assisting in procreation.</def> [R.] "His pendent bed and <i>procreant</i> cradle." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro"cre*ant</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who, or that which, procreates.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro"cre*ate</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Procreated</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Procreating</u>.] [L. <i>procreatus</i>, p. p. of <i>procreare</i>; <i>pro</i> forward, forth + <i>create</i> to create.] <def>To generate and produce; to beget; to engender.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro`cre*a"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>procr&eacute;ation</i>, L, <i>procreatio</i>.] <def>The act of begetting; generation and production of young.</def> <i>South.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro"cre*a`tive</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having the power to beget; generative.</def> <i>Sir M. Hale.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro"cre*a`tive*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The power of generating.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro"cre*a`tor</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L.] <def>One who begets; a father or sire; a generator.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pro"cris</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., the wife of Cephalus, Gr. &?;.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any species of small moths of the genus <i>Procris</i>. The larv&aelig; of some species injure the grapevine by feeding in groups upon the leaves.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*crus"te*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to <i>Procrustes</i>, or the mode of torture practiced by him; producing conformity by violent means; as, the <i>Procrustean</i> treatment; a <i>Procrustean</i> limit. See <u>Procrustes</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*crus"te*an*ize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Procrusteanized</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Procrusteanizing</u> (?).] <def>To stretch or contract according to some rule or standard.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*crus"tes</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to beat out, to stretch; &?; forward + &?; to strike.] <i>(Gr. Antiq.)</i> <def>A celebrated legendary highwayman of Attica, who tied his victims upon an iron bed, and, as the case required, either stretched or cut of their legs to adapt them to its length; — whence the metaphorical phrase, <col><b><i>the bed of Procrustes</i></b></col>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro`crus*te"si*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Procrustean</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Proc*ti"tis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., from Gr. &?; anus + <i>-itis</i>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Inflammation of the rectum.</def></p>

<p><hw>Proc"to*cele</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; anus + &?; tumor.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Inversion and prolapse of the mucous coat of the rectum, from relaxation of the sphincter, with more or less swelling; prolapsus ani.</def> <i>Dunglison.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Proc`to*d&aelig;"um</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?; the anus + &?; to divide.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>See <u>Mesenteron</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Proc"tor</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>proketour</i>, contr. fr. <i>procurator</i>. See <u>Procurator</u>.] <def>One who is employed to manage to affairs of another.</def> Specifically: <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A person appointed to collect alms for those who could not go out to beg for themselves, as lepers, the bedridden, etc.; hence a beggar.</def> [Obs.] <i>Nares.</i> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <i>(Eng. Law)</i> <def>An officer employed in admiralty and ecclesiastical causes. He answers to an <i>attorney</i> at common law, or to a <i>solicitor</i> in equity.</def> <i>Wharton.</i> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <i>(Ch. of Eng.)</i> <def>A representative of the clergy in convocation.</def> <sd><i>(d)</i></sd> <def>An officer in a university or college whose duty it is to enforce obedience to the laws of the institution.</def></p>

<p><hw>Proc"tor</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To act as a proctor toward; to manage as an attorney or agent.</def> <i>Bp. Warburton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Proc"tor*age</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Management by a proctor, or as by a proctor; hence, control; superintendence; — in contempt.</def> "The fogging <i>proctorage</i> of money." <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Proc*to"ri*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to a proctor, esp. an academic proctor; magisterial.</def></p>

<p><hw>Proc*tor"ic*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Proctorial.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Proc"tor*ship</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The office or dignity of a proctor; also, the term of his office.</def> <i>Clarendon.</i></p>

<p><hw>Proc*tot"o*my</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; anus + &?; to cut.] <i>(Surg.)</i> <def>An incision into the rectum, as for the division of a stricture.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Proc"tu*cha</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., from Gr. &?; anus + &?; to have.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A division of Turbellaria including those that have an intestine terminating posteriorly.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The Nemertina.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*cum"bent</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>procumbens</i>, <i>-entis</i>, p. pr. of <i>procumbere</i> to fall, bend, or lean forward; <i>pro</i> forward + <i>cumbere</i> (in comp.), akin to <i>cubare</i> to lie down: cf. F. <i>procombant</i>. Cf. <u>Incumbent</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Lying down, or on the face; prone.</def> " <i>Procumbent</i> each obeyed." <i>Cowper.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Lying on the ground, but without putting forth roots; trailing; prostrate; as, a <i>procumbent</i> stem.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*cur"a*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Capable of being procured; obtainable.</def> <i>Boyle.</i></p>

<p><hw>Proc"u*ra*cy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Procuracies</b></plw> (#). [LL. <i>procuratia</i>: cf. F. <i>procuratie</i>. See <u>Procuration</u>, and cf,. <u>Proxy</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The office or act of a proctor or procurator; management for another.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Authority to act for another; a proxy.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Proc`u*ra"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>procuratio</i>: cf. F. <i>procuration</i>. See <u>Procure</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of procuring; procurement.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The management of another's affairs.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>The instrument by which a person is empowered to transact the affairs of another; a proxy.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Ch. of Eng.)</i> <def>A sum of money paid formerly to the bishop or archdeacon, now to the ecclesiastical commissioners, by an incumbent, as a commutation for entertainment at the time of visitation; — called also <i>proxy</i>.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Procuration money</b></col> <i>(Law)</i>, <cd>money paid for procuring a loan.</cd> <i>Blackstone.</i></p>

<p><hw>Proc"u*ra`tor</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L.: cf. F. <i>procurateur</i>. See <u>Procure</u>, and cf. <u>Proctor</u>. ]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Law)</i> <def>One who manages another's affairs, either generally or in a special matter; an agent; a proctor.</def> <i>Chaucer. Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Rom. Antiq.)</i> <def>A governor of a province under the emperors; also, one who had charge of the imperial revenues in a province; as, the <i>procurator</i> of Judea.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Procurator fiscal</b></col> <i>(Scots Law)</i>, <cd>public prosecutor, or district attorney.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Proc`u*ra*to"ri*al</hw> (&?;), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to a procurator, or proctor; made by a proctor.</def> <i>Ayliffe.</i></p>

<p><hw>Proc"u*ra`tor*ship</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The office or term of a procurator.</def> <i>Bp. Pearson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*cu"ra*to*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>procuratorius</i>.] <def>Tending to, or authorizing, procuration.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*cure"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Procured</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Procuring</u>.] [F. <i>procurer</i>, L. <i>procurare</i>, <i>procuratum</i>, to take care of; <i>pro</i> for + <i>curare</i> to take care, fr. <i>cura</i> care. See <u>Cure</u>, and cf. <u>Proctor</u>, <u>Proxy</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To bring into possession; to cause to accrue to, or to come into possession of; to acquire or provide for one's self or for another; to gain; to get; to obtain by any means, as by purchase or loan.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>If we <i>procure</i> not to ourselves more woe.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To contrive; to bring about; to effect; to cause.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>By all means possible they <i>procure</i> to have gold and silver among them in reproach.</blockquote> <i>Robynson (More's Utopia) .</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Proceed, Solinus, to <i>procure</i> my fall.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To solicit; to entreat.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>The famous Briton prince and faery knight, . . . <BR> Of the fair Alma greatly were <i>procured</i><BR> To make there longer sojourn and abode.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><! p. 1143 !></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To cause to come; to bring; to attract.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>What unaccustomed cause <i>procures</i> her hither?</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>To obtain for illicit intercourse or prostitution.</def></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — See <u>Attain</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Pro*cure"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos></p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To pimp.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To manage business for another in court.</def> [Scot.]</p>

<p><hw>Pro*cure"ment</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of procuring or obtaining; obtainment; attainment.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Efficient contrivance; management; agency.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>They think it done<BR> By her <i>procurement</i>.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*cur"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>procureur</i>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who procures, or obtains; one who, or that which, brings on, or causes to be done, esp. by corrupt means.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>One who procures the gratification of lust for another; a pimp; a pander.</def> <i>South.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*cur"ess</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A female procurer, or pander.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro"cy*on</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., a constellation which rises before the Dog Star, Gr. &?;; &?; before + &?; a dog. ]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Astron.)</i> <def>A star of the first magnitude in the constellation <i>Canis Minor</i>, or the Little Dog.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A genus of mammals including the raccoon.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prod</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. Gael. & Ir. <i>brod</i> goad, prickle, sting, and E. <i>brad</i>, also W. <i>procio</i> to poke, thrust.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A pointed instrument for pricking or puncturing, as a goad, an awl, a skewer, etc.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A prick or stab which a pointed instrument.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A light kind of crossbow; — in the sense, often spelled <i>prodd</i>.</def> <i>Fairholt.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prod</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Prodded</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Prodding</u>.] <def>To thrust some pointed instrument into; to prick with something sharp; as, to <i>prod</i> a soldier with a bayonet; to <i>prod</i> oxen; hence, to goad, to incite, to worry; as, to <i>prod</i> a student.</def> <i>H. Taylor.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prodd</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A crossbow. See <u>Prod</u>, 3.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prod"i*gal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>prodigus</i>, from <i>prodigere</i> to drive forth, to squander away; <i>pro</i> forward, forth + <i>agere</i> to drive; cf. F. <i>prodigue</i>. See <u>Agent</u>. ] <def>Given to extravagant expenditure; expending money or other things without necessity; recklessly or viciously profuse; lavish; wasteful; not frugal or economical; as, a <i>prodigal</i> man; the <i>prodigal</i> son; <i>prodigal</i> giving; <i>prodigal</i> expenses.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>In fighting fields [patriots] were <i>prodigal</i> of blood.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Profuse; lavish; extravagant; squandering; wasteful. See <u>Profuse</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Prod"i*gal</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who expends money extravagantly, viciously, or without necessity; one that is profuse or lavish in any expenditure; a waster; a spendthrift.</def> "Noble <i>prodigals</i> of life." <i>Trench.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prod`i*gal"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>prodigalit&eacute;</i>, L. <i>prodigalitas</i>. See <u>Prodigal</u>.] <def>Extravagance in expenditure, particularly of money; excessive liberality; profusion; waste; — opposed to <i>frugality</i>, <i>economy</i>, and <i>parsimony</i>.</def>"The <i>prodigality</i> of his wit." <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prod"i*gal*ize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To act as a prodigal; to spend liberally.</def> <i>Sherwood.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prod"i*gal*ize</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To expend lavishly.</def> <i>Ld. Lytton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prod"i*gal*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a prodigal manner; with profusion of expense; extravagantly; wasteful; profusely; lavishly; as, an estate <i>prodigally</i> dissipated.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Nature not bounteous now, but lavish grows;<BR> Our paths with flowers she <i>prodigally</i> strows.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prod"i*gate</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To squander.</def> <i>Thackeray.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prod"i*gence</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>prodigentia</i>, fr. <i>prodigens</i>, p. pr. of <i>prodigere</i>. See <u>Prodigal</u>. ] <def>Waste; profusion; prodigality.</def> [R.] <i>Bp. Hall.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*di"gious</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>prodigiosus</i>, fr. <i>prodigium</i> a prodigy; cf. F. <i>prodigieux</i>. See <u>Prodigy</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Of the nature of a prodigy; marvelous; wonderful; portentous.</def> [Obs. or R.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>It is <i>prodigious</i> to have thunder in a clear sky.</blockquote> <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Extraordinary in bulk, extent, quantity, or degree; very great; vast; huge; immense; as, a <i>prodigious</i> mountain; a <i>prodigious</i> creature; a <i>prodigious</i> blunder.</def> "<i>Prodigious</i> might." <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Huge; enormous; monstrous; portentous; marvelous; amazing; astonishing; extraordinary.</p>

<p><hw>Pro*di"gious*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Enormously; wonderfully; astonishingly; as, <i>prodigiously</i> great.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Very much; extremely; as, he was <i>prodigiously</i> pleased.</def> [Colloq.] <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*di"gious*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality or state of being prodigious; the state of having qualities that excite wonder or astonishment; enormousness; vastness.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prod"i*gy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Prodigies</b></plw> (#). [ L. <i>prodigium</i>; <i>pro</i> before + (perh.) a word appearing in <i>adagium</i> adage: cf. F. <i>prodige</i>. Cf. <u>Adage</u>. ]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Something extraordinary, or out of the usual course of nature, from which omens are drawn; a portent; as, eclipses and meteors were anciently deemed <i>prodigies</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>So many terrors, voices, <i>prodigies</i>,<BR> May warn thee, as a sure foregoing sign.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Anything so extraordinary as to excite wonder or astonishment; a marvel; as, a <i>prodigy</i> of learning.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A production out of ordinary course of nature; an abnormal development; a monster.</def> <i>B. Jonson.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Wonder; miracle; portent; marvel; monster.</p>

<p><hw>Pro*di"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>proditio</i>, from <i>prodere</i> to give forth, betray: cf. OF. <i>prodition</i>.] <def>Disclosure; treachery; treason.</def> [Obs.] <i>Ainsworth.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prod"i*tor</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L.] <def>A traitor.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Prod`i*to"ri*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. OF. <i>proditoire</i>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Treacherous; perfidious; traitorous.</def> [Obs.] <i>Daniel.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Apt to make unexpected revelations.</def> [Obs.] "Nature is <i>proditorious</i>." <i>Sir H. Wotton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prod"i*to*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Treacherous.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Prod"ro*mal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to prodromes; as, the <i>prodromal</i> stage of a disease.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro"drome</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; running before; &?; before + &?; to run: cf. F. <i>prodrome</i>.] <def>A forerunner; a precursor.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prod"ro*mous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Precursory.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Prod"ro*mus</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A prodrome.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A preliminary course or publication; — used esp. in the titles of elementary works.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*duce"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Produced</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Producing</u> (?).] [L. <i>producere</i>, <i>productum</i>, to bring forward, beget, produce; <i>pro</i> forward, forth + <i>ducere</i> to lead. See <u>Duke</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To bring forward; to lead forth; to offer to view or notice; to exhibit; to show; as, to <i>produce</i> a witness or evidence in court.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Produce</i> your cause, saith the Lord.</blockquote> <i>Isa. xli. 21.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Your parents did not <i>produce</i> you much into the world.</blockquote> <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To bring forth, as young, or as a natural product or growth; to give birth to; to bear; to generate; to propagate; to yield; to furnish; as, the earth <i>produces</i> grass; trees <i>produce</i> fruit; the clouds <i>produce</i> rain.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>This soil <i>produces</i> all sorts of palm trees.</blockquote> <i>Sandys.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>[They] <i>produce</i> prodigious births of body or mind.</blockquote> <i> Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The greatest jurist his country had <i>produced</i>.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To cause to be or to happen; to originate, as an effect or result; to bring about; as, disease <i>produces</i> pain; vice <i>produces</i> misery.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To give being or form to; to manufacture; to make; as, a manufacturer <i>produces</i> excellent wares.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>To yield or furnish; to gain; as, money at interest <i>produces</i> an income; capital <i>produces</i> profit.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>To draw out; to extend; to lengthen; to prolong; as, to <i>produce</i> a man's life to threescore.</def> <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <i>(Geom.)</i> <def>To extend; — applied to a line, surface, or solid; as, to <i>produce</i> a side of a triangle.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*duce"</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To yield or furnish appropriate offspring, crops, effects, consequences, or results.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prod"uce</hw> (?; 277), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>That which is produced, brought forth, or yielded; product; yield; proceeds; result of labor, especially of agricultural labors</def>; hence, specifically, <def>agricultural products.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*duce"ment</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Production.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Pro*du"cent</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>producens</i>, p. pr.] <def>One who produces, or offers to notice.</def> [Obs.] <i>Ayliffe.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*du"cer</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who produces, brings forth, or generates.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>One who grows agricultural products, or manufactures crude materials into articles of use.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Iron & Steel Manuf.)</i> <def>A furnace for producing combustible gas which is used for fuel.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*du`ci*bil"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality or state of being producible.</def> <i>Barrow.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*du"ci*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Capable of being produced, brought forward, brought forth, generated, made, or extended.</def> — <wf>Pro*du"ci*ble*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Prod"uct</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>productus</i>, p. pr. of <i>producere</i>. See <u>Produce</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Anything that is produced, whether as the result of generation, growth, labor, or thought, or by the operation of involuntary causes; as, the <i>products</i> of the season, or of the farm; the <i>products</i> of manufactures; the <i>products</i> of the brain.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>There are the <i>product</i><BR> Of those ill-mated marriages.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>These institutions are the <i>products</i> of enthusiasm.</blockquote> <i>Burke.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Math.)</i> <def>The number or sum obtained by adding one number or quantity to itself as many times as there are units in another number; the number resulting from the multiplication of two or more numbers; as, the <i>product</i> of the multiplication of 7 by 5 is 35. In general, the result of any kind of multiplication. See the Note under <u>Multiplication</u>.</def></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Produce; production; fruit; result; effect; consequence; outcome; work; performance.</p>

<p><hw>Pro*duct"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos></p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To produce; to bring forward.</def> "<i>Producted</i> to . . . examination." [Obs.] <i>Foxe.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To lengthen out; to extend.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>He that doth much . . . <i>products</i> his mortality.</blockquote> <i>Hackett.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To produce; to make.</def> [Obs.] <i>Holinshed.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*duct`i*bil"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The state of being productible; producibility.</def> <i>Ruskin.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*duct"i*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>productible</i>.] <def>Capable of being produced; producible.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*duc"tile</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>productilis</i>, fr. <i>producere</i> to stretch out.] <def>Capable of being extended or prolonged; extensible; ductile.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*duc"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>productio</i> a lengthening, prolonging: cf. F. <i>production</i>. See <u>Produce</u>. ]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act or process or producing, bringing forth, or exhibiting to view; as, the <i>production</i> of commodities, of a witness.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>That which is produced, yielded, or made, whether naturally, or by the application of intelligence and labor; as, the <i>productions</i> of the earth; the <i>productions</i> of handicraft; the <i>productions</i> of intellect or genius.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>The act of lengthening out or prolonging.</def></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Product; produce; fruit; work; performance; composition.</p>

<p><hw>Pro*duc"tive</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [F. <i>productif</i>, L. <i>productivus</i> fit for prolongation.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Having the quality or power of producing; yielding or furnishing results; as, <i>productive</i> soil; <i>productive</i> enterprises; <i>productive</i> labor, that which increases the number or amount of products.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Bringing into being; causing to exist; producing; originative; as, an age <i>productive</i> of great men; a spirit <i>productive</i> of heroic achievements.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>And kindle with thy own <i>productive</i> fire.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>This is turning nobility into a principle of virtue, and making it <i>productive</i> of merit.</blockquote> <i>Spectator.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Producing, or able to produce, in large measure; fertile; profitable.</def></p>

<p>— <wf>Pro*duc"tive*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Pro*duc"tive*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Pro`duc*tiv"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality or state of being productive; productiveness.</def> <i>Emerson.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Not indeed as the product, but as the producing power, the <i>productivity</i>.</blockquote> <i>Coleridge.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*duc"tress</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A female producer.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pro*duc"tus</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Product</u>.] <i>(Paleon.)</i> <def>An extinct genus of brachiopods, very characteristic of the Carboniferous rocks.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro`e*gu"mi*nal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;, p. pr. of &?; to lead the way: cf. F. <i>pro&eacute;gum&egrave;ne</i>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Serving to predispose; predisposing; as, a <i>proeguminal</i> cause of disease.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro"em</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>prooemium</i>, Gr. &?;; &?; before + &?; way, course or strain of a song: cf. F. <i>pro&egrave;me</i>.] <def>Preface; introduction; preliminary observations; prelude.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Thus much may serve by way of <i>proem</i>.</blockquote> <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro"em</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To preface.</def> [Obs.] <i>South.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*em"bry*o</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>pro-</i> + <i>embryo</i>. ] <i>(Bot.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The series of cells formed in the ovule of a flowering plant after fertilization, but before the formation of the embryo.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The primary growth from the spore in certain cryptogamous plants; as, the <i>proembryo</i>, or protonema, of mosses.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*e"mi*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Introductory; prefatory; preliminary.</def> [R.] <i>Hammond.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro`emp*to"sis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., from Gr. &?; to fall in before; &?; before + &?; in + &?; to fall.] <i>(Chron.)</i> <def>The addition of a day to the lunar calendar.</def> [R.] See <u>Metemptosis</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Pro"face</hw> (?), <pos><i>interj.</i></pos> [OF. <i>prou face</i>, <i>prou fasse</i>; <i>prou</i> profit + <i>faire</i> to make, do.] <def>Much good may it do you! — a familiar salutation or welcome.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Master page, good master page, sit. <i>Proface</i>!</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prof"a*nate</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To profane.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Prof`a*na"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>profanatio</i>: cf. F. <i>profanation</i>. See <u>Profane</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of violating sacred things, or of treating them with contempt or irreverence; irreverent or too familiar treatment or use of what is sacred; desecration; as, the <i>profanation</i> of the Sabbath; the <i>profanation</i> of a sanctuary; the <i>profanation</i> of the name of God.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The act of treating with abuse or disrespect, or with undue publicity, or lack of delicacy.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>'T were <i>profanation</i> of our joys<BR> To tell the laity our love.</blockquote> <i>Donne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*fane"</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [F., fr. L. <i>profanus</i>, properly, before the temple, i. e., without the temple, unholy; <i>pro</i> before + <i>fanum</i> temple. See 1st <u>Fane</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Not sacred or holy; not possessing peculiar sanctity; unconsecrated; hence, relating to matters other than sacred; secular; — opposed to <i>sacred</i>, <i>religious</i>, or <i>inspired</i>; as, a <i>profane</i> place.</def> "<i>Profane</i> authors." <i>I. Disraeli.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>profane</i> wreath was suspended before the shrine.</blockquote> <i>Gibbon.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Unclean; impure; polluted; unholy.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Nothing is <i>profane</i> that serveth to holy things.</blockquote> <i>Sir W. Raleigh.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Treating sacred things with contempt, disrespect, irreverence, or undue familiarity; irreverent; impious.</def> Hence, specifically; <def>Irreverent in language; taking the name of God in vain; given to swearing; blasphemous; as, a <i>profane</i> person, word, oath, or tongue.</def> <i>1 Tim. i. 9.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Secular; temporal; worldly; unsanctified; unhallowed; unholy; irreligious; irreverent; ungodly; wicked; godless; impious. See <u>Impious</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Pro*fane"</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Profaned</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Profaning</u>.] [L. <i>profanare</i>: cf. F. <i>profaner</i>. See <u>Profane</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To violate, as anything sacred; to treat with abuse, irreverence, obloquy, or contempt; to desecrate; to pollute; as, to <i>profane</i> the name of God; to <i>profane</i> the Scriptures, or the ordinance of God.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The priests in the temple <i>profane</i> the sabbath.</blockquote> <i>Matt. xii. 5.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To put to a wrong or unworthy use; to make a base employment of; to debase; to abuse; to defile.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>So idly to <i>profane</i> the precious time.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*fane"ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a profane manner.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The character of God <i>profanely</i> impeached.</blockquote> <i>Dr. T. Dwight.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*fane"ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality or state of being profane; especially, the use of profane language.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*fan"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who treats sacred things with irreverence, or defiles what is holy; one who uses profane language.</def> <i>Hooker.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*fan"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>profanitas</i>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The quality or state of being profane; profaneness; irreverence; esp., the use of profane language; blasphemy.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>That which is profane; profane language or acts.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The brisk interchange of <i>profanity</i> and folly.</blockquote> <i>Buckminster.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*fec"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Proficient</u>.] <def>A setting out; a going forward; advance; progression.</def> [Obs.] <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro`fec*ti"tious</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>profectitius</i>, fr. <i>proficisci</i> to set out, proceed.] <def>Proceeding from, as from a parent; derived, as from an ancestor.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>The threefold distinction of <i>profectitious</i>, adventitious, and professional was ascertained.</blockquote> <i>Gibbon.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro"fert</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., he brings forward, 3d pers. pr. of <i>proferre</i>. See <u>Proffer</u>. ] <i>(Law)</i> <def>The exhibition or production of a record or paper in open court, or an allegation that it is in court.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*fess"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Professed</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Professing</u>.] [F. <i>prof&egrave;s</i>, masc., <i>professe</i>, fem., professed (monk or nun), L. <i>professus</i>, p. p. of <i>profiteri</i> to profess; <i>pro</i> before, forward + <i>fateri</i> to confess, own. See <u>Confess</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To make open declaration of, as of one's knowledge, belief, action, etc.; to avow or acknowledge; to confess publicly; to own or admit freely.</def> "Hear me <i>profess</i> sincerely." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The best and wisest of them all <i>professed</i><BR> To know this only, that he nothing knew.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><! p. 1144 !></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To set up a claim to; to make presence to; hence, to put on or present an appearance of.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I do <i>profess</i> to be no less than I seem.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To present to knowledge of, to proclaim one's self versed in; to make one's self a teacher or practitioner of, to set up as an authority respecting; to declare (one's self to be such); as, he <i>professes</i> surgery; to <i>profess</i> one's self a physician.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*fess"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To take a profession upon one's self by a public declaration; to confess.</def> <i>Drayton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To declare friendship.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*fessed"</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Openly declared, avowed, acknowledged, or claimed; as, a <i>professed</i> foe; a <i>professed</i> tyrant; a <i>professed</i> Christian.</def></p>

<p><col><b>The professed</b></col> <i>(R. C. Ch.)</i> <cd>, a certain class among the Jesuits bound by a special vow. See the note under <u>Jesuit</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pro*fess"ed*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>By profession.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*fes"sion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., fr. L. <i>professio</i>. See <u>Profess</u>, <pos><i>v.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of professing or claiming; open declaration; public avowal or acknowledgment; as, <i>professions</i> of friendship; a <i>profession</i> of faith.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A solemn vow, promise, and <i>profession</i>.</blockquote> <i>Bk. of Com. Prayer.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>That which one professed; a declaration; an avowal; a claim; as, his <i>professions</i> are insincere.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The Indians quickly perceive the coincidence or the contradiction between <i>professions</i> and conduct.</blockquote> <i>J. Morse.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>That of which one professed knowledge; the occupation, if not mechanical, agricultural, or the like, to which one devotes one's self; the business which one professes to understand, and to follow for subsistence; calling; vocation; employment; as, the <i>profession</i> of arms; the <i>profession</i> of a clergyman, lawyer, or physician; the <i>profession</i> of lecturer on chemistry.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Hi tried five or six <i>professions</i> in turn.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p>&fist; <i>The three professions</i>, or <i>learned professions</i>, are, especially, theology, law, and medicine.</p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>The collective body of persons engaged in a calling; as, the <i>profession</i> distrust him.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <i>(Eccl. Law.)</i> <def>The act of entering, or becoming a member of, a religious order.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*fes"sion*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Of or pertaining to a profession, or calling; conforming to the rules or standards of a profession; following a profession; as, <i>professional</i> knowledge; <i>professional</i> conduct.</def> "Pride, not personal, but <i>professional</i>." <i>Macaulay.</i> "A <i>professional</i> sneerer." <i>De Quincey.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Engaged in by professionals; as, a <i>professional</i> race; — opposed to <i>amateur</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*fes"sion*al</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A person who prosecutes anything professionally, or for a livelihood, and not in the character of an amateur; a professional worker.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*fes"sion*al*ism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The following of a profession, sport, etc., as an occupation; — opposed to <i>amateurism</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*fes"sion*al*ist</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>professional person.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Pro*fes"sion*al*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a professional manner or capacity; by profession or calling; in the exercise of one's profession; one employed <i>professionally</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*fess"or</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., a teacher, a public teacher: cf. F. <i>professeur</i>. See <u>Profess</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who professed, or makes open declaration of, his sentiments or opinions; especially, one who makes a public avowal of his belief in the Scriptures and his faith in Christ, and thus unites himself to the visible church.</def> "<i>Professors</i> of religion." <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>One who professed, or publicly teaches, any science or branch of learning; especially, an officer in a university, college, or other seminary, whose business it is to read lectures, or instruct students, in a particular branch of learning; as a <i>professor</i> of theology, of botany, of mathematics, or of political economy.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro`fes*so"ri*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>professorius</i>: cf. F. <i>professorial</i>.] <def>Of or pertaining to a professor; as, the <i>professional</i> chair; <i>professional</i> interest.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro`fes*so"ri*al*ism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The character, manners, or habits of a professor.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Pro`fes*so"ri*at</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Professoriate</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro`fes*so"ri*ate</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The body of professors, or the professorial staff, in a university or college.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A professorship.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*fess"or*ship</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The office or position of a professor, or public teacher.</def> <i>Walton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*fes"so*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>professorius</i>.] <def>Of or pertaining to a professor; professorial.</def> [R.] <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prof"fer</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Proffered</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Proffering</u>.] [OE. <i>profren</i>, <i>proferen</i>, F. <i>prof&eacute;rer</i>, fr. L. <i>proferre</i> to bring forth or forward, to offer; <i>pro</i> forward + <i>ferre</i> to bring. See <u>Bear</u> to produce.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To offer for acceptance; to propose to give; to make a tender of; as, to <i>proffer</i> a gift; to <i>proffer</i> services; to <i>proffer</i> friendship.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>I reck not what wrong that thou me <i>profre</i>.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To essay or attempt of one's own accord; to undertake, or propose to undertake.</def> [R.] <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prof"fer</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>An offer made; something proposed for acceptance by another; a tender; as, <i>proffers</i> of peace or friendship.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He made a <i>proffer</i> to lay down his commission.</blockquote> <i>Clarendon.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Essay; attempt.</def> [R.] <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prof"fer*er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who proffers something.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pro*fi"cience</hw> (?), <hw>Pro*fi"cien*cy</hw> (?) }, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality of state of being proficient; advance in the acquisition of any art, science, or knowledge; progression in knowledge; improvement; adeptness; as, to acquire <i>proficiency</i> in music.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*fi"cient</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>proficiens</i>, <i>-entis</i>, p. pr. of <i>proficere</i> to go forward, make progress; <i>pro</i> forward + <i>facere</i> to make. See <u>Fact</u>, and cf. <u>Profit</u>, (&?;)] <def>One who has made considerable advances in any business, art, science, or branch of learning; an expert; an adept; as, <i>proficient</i> in a trade; a <i>proficient</i> in mathematics, music, etc.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*fi"cient</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Well advanced in any branch of knowledge or skill; possessed of considerable acquirements; well-skilled; versed; adept,</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*fi"cient*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a proficient manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*fic"u*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>proficuus</i>.] <def>Profitable; advantageous; useful.</def> [Obs.] <i>Harvey.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro"file</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [It. <i>profilo</i>, fr. L. <i>pro</i> before + <i>filum</i> a thread, an outline, shape: cf. F. <i>profil</i>. See <u>File</u> arow, and cf. <u>Purfle</u>, <u>Purl</u>, a fringe.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>An outline, or contour; as, the <i>profile</i> of an apple.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Paint & Sculp.)</i> <def>A human head represented sidewise, or in a side view; the side face or half face.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>A section of any member, made at right angles with its main lines, showing the exact shape of moldings and the like.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <i>(Civil Engin.)</i> <def>A drawing exhibiting a vertical section of the ground along a surveyed line, or graded work, as of a railway, showing elevations, depressions, grades, etc.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Profile paper</b></col> <i>(Civil Engin.)</i>, <cd>paper ruled with vertical and horizontal lines forming small oblong rectangles, adapted for drawing profiles.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pro"file</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Profiled</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Profiling</u>] [Cf. F. <i>profiler</i>, It. <i>profilare</i>. See <u>Profile</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>to draw the outline of; to draw in profile, as an architectural member.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Mech.)</i> <def>To shape the outline of an object by passing a cutter around it.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Profiling machine</b></col>, <cd>a jigging machine.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pro"fil*ing</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Fort.)</i> <def>In the construction of fieldworks, the erection at proper intervals of wooden profiles, to show to the workmen the sectional form of the parapets at those points.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro"fil*ist</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who takes profiles.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro"fit</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., fr. L. <i>profectus</i> advance, progress, profit, fr. <i>profectum</i>. See <u>Proficient</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Acquisition beyond expenditure; excess of value received for producing, keeping, or selling, over cost; hence, pecuniary gain in any transaction or occupation; emolument; as, a <i>profit</i> on the sale of goods.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Let no man anticipate uncertain <i>profits</i>.</blockquote> <i>Rambler.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Accession of good; valuable results; useful consequences; benefit; avail; gain; as, an office of <i>profit</i>,</def></p>

<p><blockquote>This I speak for your own <i>profit</i>.</blockquote> <i>1 Cor. vii. 35.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>If you dare do yourself a <i>profit</i> and a right.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Benefit; avail; service; improvement; advancement; gain; emolument.</p>

<p><hw>Prof"it</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Profited</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Profiting</u>.] [F. <i>profiter</i>. See <u>Profit</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <def>To be of service to; to be good to; to help on; to benefit; to advantage; to avail; to aid; as, truth <i>profits</i> all men.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The word preached did not <i>profit them</i>.</blockquote> <i>Heb. iv. 2.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>It is a great means of <i>profiting</i> yourself, to copy diligently excellent pieces and beautiful designs.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prof"it</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To gain advantage; to make improvement; to improve; to gain; to advance.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I <i>profit</i> not by thy talk.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To be of use or advantage; to do or bring good.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Riches <i>profit</i> not in the day of wrath.</blockquote> <i>Prov. xi. 4.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prof"it*a*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [F. <i>profitable</i>.] <def>Yielding or bringing profit or gain; gainful; lucrative; useful; helpful; advantageous; beneficial; as, a <i>profitable</i> trade; <i>profitable</i> business; a <i>profitable</i> study or profession.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>What was so <i>profitable</i> to the empire became fatal to the<BR> emperor.</blockquote> <i>Arbuthnot.</i></p>

<p>— <wf>Prof"it*a*ble*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> — <wf>Prof"it*a*bly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Prof"it*ing</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Gain; advantage; profit.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>That thy <i>profiting</i> may appear to all.</blockquote> <i>1 Tim. iv. 15.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prof"it*less</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Without profit; unprofitable.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prof"li*ga*cy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Profligate</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <def>The quality of state of being profligate; a profligate or very vicious course of life; a state of being abandoned in moral principle and in vice; dissoluteness.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prof"li*gate</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>profligatus</i>, p. p. of <i>profligare</i> to strike or dash to the ground, to destroy; <i>pro</i> before + a word akin to <i>fligere</i> to strike. See <u>Afflict</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Overthrown; beaten; conquered.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>The foe is <i>profligate</i>, and run.</blockquote> <i>Hudibras.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Broken down in respect of rectitude, principle, virtue, or decency; openly and shamelessly immoral or vicious; dissolute; as, <i>profligate</i> man or wretch.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A race more <i>profligate</i> than we.</blockquote> <i>Roscommon.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Made prostitute and <i>profligate</i> muse.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Abandoned; corrupt; dissolute; vitiated; depraved; vicious; wicked. See <u>Abandoned</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Prof"li*gate</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>An abandoned person; one openly and shamelessly vicious; a dissolute person.</def> "Such a <i>profligate</i> as Antony." <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prof"li*gate</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To drive away; to overcome.</def> [A Latinism] [Obs.] <i>Harvey.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prof"li*gate*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a profligate manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prof"li*gate*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality of being profligate; an abandoned course of life; profligacy.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prof`li*ga"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>profligatio</i>.] <def>Defeat; rout; overthrow.</def> [Obs.] <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prof"lu*ence</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>profluentia</i>.] <def>Quality of being profluent; course.</def> [R.] <i>Sir H. Wotton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prof"lu*ent</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>profluens</i>, p. pr. of <i>profluere</i>; <i>pro</i> forward + <i>fluere</i> to flow.] <def>Flowing forward,</def> [R.] "In the <i>profluent</i> stream." <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*found"</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [F. <i>profond</i>, L. <i>profundus</i>; pro before, forward + <i>fundus</i> the bottom. See <u>Found</u> to establish, <u>Bottom</u> lowest part.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Descending far below the surface; opening or reaching to a great depth; deep.</def> "A gulf <i>profound</i>." <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Intellectually deep; entering far into subjects; reaching to the bottom of a matter, or of a branch of learning; thorough; as, a <i>profound</i> investigation or treatise; a <i>profound</i> scholar; <i>profound</i> wisdom.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Characterized by intensity; deeply felt; pervading; overmastering; far-reaching; strongly impressed; as, a <i>profound</i> sleep.</def> "<i>Profound</i> sciatica." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Of the <i>profound</i> corruption of this class there can be no doubt.</blockquote> <i>Milman.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Bending low, exhibiting or expressing deep humility; lowly; submissive; as, a <i>profound</i> bow.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>What humble gestures! What <i>profound</i> reverence!</blockquote> <i>Duppa.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*found"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The deep; the sea; the ocean.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>God in the fathomless <i>profound</i><BR> Hath all this choice commanders drowned.</blockquote> <i>Sandys.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>An abyss.</def> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*found"</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To cause to sink deeply; to cause to dive or penetrate far down.</def> [Obs.] <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*found"</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To dive deeply; to penetrate.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Pro*found"ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a profound manner.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Why sigh you so <i>profoundly</i>?</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*found"ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality or state of being profound; profundity; depth.</def> <i>Hooker.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*ful"gent</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>pro-</i> + L. <i>fulgere</i> to shine.] <def>Shining forth; brilliant; effulgent.</def> [Obs.] "<i>Profulgent</i> in preciousness." <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*fun"di*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>-ties</b></plw> (#). [L. <i>profunditas</i>: cf. F. <i>profondite</i>. See <u>Profound</u>.] <def>The quality or state of being profound; depth of place, knowledge, feeling, etc.</def> "The vast <i>profundity</i> obscure." <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*fuse"</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>profusus</i>, p. p. of <i>profundere</i> to pour forth or out; <i>pro</i> forward, forth + <i>fundere</i> to pour: cf. F. <i>profus</i>. See <u>Fuse</u> to melt.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Pouring forth with fullness or exuberance; bountiful; exceedingly liberal; giving without stint; as, a <i>profuse</i> government; <i>profuse</i> hospitality.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A green, shady bank, <i>profuse</i> of flowers.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Superabundant; excessive; prodigal; lavish; as, <i>profuse</i> expenditure.</def> "<i>Profuse</i> ornament." <i>Kames.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Lavish; exuberant; bountiful; prodigal; extravagant. — <u>Profuse</u>, <u>Lavish</u>, <u>Prodigal</u>. <i>Profuse</i> denotes pouring out (as money, etc.) with great fullness or freeness; as, <i>profuse</i> in his expenditures, thanks, promises, etc. <i>Lavish</i> is stronger, implying unnecessary or wasteful excess; as, <i>lavish</i> of his bounties, favors, praises, etc. <i>Prodigal</i> is stronger still, denoting unmeasured or reckless profusion; as, <i>prodigal</i> of one's strength, life, or blood, to secure some object. <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*fuse"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To pour out; to give or spend liberally; to lavish; to squander.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chapman.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*fuse"ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a profuse manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*fuse"ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Extravagance; profusion.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Hospitality sometimes degenerates into <i>profuseness</i>.</blockquote> <i>Atterbury.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*fu"sion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>profusio</i>: cf. F. <i>profusion</i>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of one who is profuse; a lavishing or pouring out without sting.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Thy vast <i>profusion</i> to the factious nobles?</blockquote> <i>Rowe.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Abundance; exuberant plenty; lavish supply; as, a <i>profusion</i> of commodities.</def> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*fu"sive</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Profuse; lavish; prodigal.</def>[Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Prog</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Progged</u> (&?;). <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Progging</u>.] [Cf. D. <i>prachen</i>, G. <i>prachern</i>, Dan. <i>prakke</i>, Sw. <i>pracka</i>, to beg, L. <i>procare</i>, <i>procari</i>, to ask, demand, and E. <i>prowl</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To wander about and beg; to seek food or other supplies by low arts; to seek for advantage by mean shift or tricks.</def> [Low]</p>

<p><blockquote>A perfect artist in <i>progging</i> for money.</blockquote> <i>Fuller.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>I have been endeavoring to <i>prog</i> for you.</blockquote> <i>Burke.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To steal; to rob; to filch.</def> [Low] <i>Johnson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To prick; to goad; to progue.</def> [Scot.]</p>

<p><hw>Prog</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Victuals got by begging, or vagrancy; victuals of any kind; food; supplies.</def> [Slang] <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>So long as he picked from the filth his <i>prog</i>.</blockquote> <i>R. Browning.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A vagrant beggar; a tramp.</def> [Slang]</p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A goal; progue.</def> [Scot.]</p>

<p><hw>Pro*gen"er*ate</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [L. <i>progeneratus</i>, p. p. of <i>progenerare</i> to beget; <i>pro</i> forth, forward + <i>generare</i> to generate.] <def>To beget; to generate; to produce; to procreate; as, to <i>progenerate</i> a race.</def> [R.] <i>Landor.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*gen`er*a"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>progeneratio</i>.] <def>The act of begetting; propagation.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Pro*gen"i*tor</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>progeniteur</i>, L. <i>progenitor</i>, fr. <i>progignere</i>, <i>progenitum</i>, to bring forth, to beget; <i>pro</i> forth + <i>gignere</i> to beget. See <u>Gender</u> kind.] <def>An ancestor in the direct line; a forefather.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>And reverence thee their great <i>progenitor</i>.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*gen"i*tor*ship</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The state of being a progenitor.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*gen"i*tress</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A female progenitor.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*gen"i*ture</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>prog&eacute;niture</i>.] <def>A begetting, or birth.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Prog"e*ny</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>progenie</i>, F. <i>prog&eacute;nie</i>, fr. L. <i>progenies</i>, fr. <i>progignere</i>. See <u>Progenitor</u>.] <def>Descendants of the human kind, or offspring of other animals; children; offspring; race, lineage.</def> " Issued from the <i>progeny</i> of kings." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*glot"tid</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l)</i> <def>Proglottis.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pro*glot"tis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Proglottides</b></plw> (#). [NL. fr. Gr. &?; the tip of the tongue; &?; forward + &?; the tongue.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l)</i> <def>One of the free, or nearly free, segments of a tapeworm. It contains both male and female reproductive organs, and is capable of a brief independent existence.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Prog"na*thi</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Prognathous</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l)</i> <def>A comprehensive group of mankind, including those that have prognathous jaws.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prog*nath"ic</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Prognathous.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prog"na*thism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Projection of the jaws.</def> — <wf>Prog"na*thy</wf> (#), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> </p>

<p><hw>Prog"na*thous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; before + &?; the jaw] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Having the jaws projecting beyond the upper part of the face; — opposed to <i>orthognathous</i>. See <i>Gnathic index</i>, under <u>Gnathic</u>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Their countenances had the true <i>prognathous</i> character.</blockquote> <i>Kane.</i></p>

<p><! p. 1145 !></p>

<p><hw>Prog"ne</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., a swallow, traditionally said to be fr. <i>Progne</i> (The sister of Philomela), who was changed into a swallow, Gr. &?;.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A swallow.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A genus of swallows including the purple martin. See <u>Martin</u>.</def> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <def>An American butterfly (<i>Polygonia, or Vanessa, Progne</i>). It is orange and black above, grayish beneath, with an <universbold>L</universbold>-shaped silver mark on the hind wings. Called also <i>gray comma</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prog*no"sis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to know beforehand; &?; before + &?; to know. See <u>Know</u>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>The act or art of foretelling the course and termination of a disease; also, the outlook afforded by this act of judgment; as, the <i>prognosis</i> of hydrophobia is bad.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prog*nos"tic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;. See <u>Prognosis</u>.] <def>Indicating something future by signs or symptoms; foreshowing; aiding in prognosis; as, the <i>prognostic</i> symptoms of a disease; <i>prognostic</i> signs.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prog*nos"tic</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>prognosticum</i>, Gr. &?;: cf. F. <i>pronostic</i>, <i>prognostic</i>. See <u>Prognostic</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>That which prognosticates; a sign by which a future event may be known or foretold; an indication; a sign or omen; hence, a foretelling; a prediction.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>That choice would inevitably be considered by the country<BR> as a <i>prognostic</i> of the highest import.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>A sign or symptom indicating the course and termination of a disease.</def> <i>Parr.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Sign; omen; presage; token; indication.</p>

<p><hw>Prog*nos"tic</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To prognosticate.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Prog*nos"tic*a*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Capable of being prognosticated or foretold.</def> <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prog*nos"ti*cate</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Prognosticated</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Prognosticating</u>.] [See <u>Prognostic</u>.] <def>To indicate as future; to foretell from signs or symptoms; to prophesy; to foreshow; to predict; as, to <i>prognosticate</i> evil.</def> <i>Burke.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>I neither will nor can <i>prognosticate</i><BR> To the young gaping heir his father's fate.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — To foreshow; foretoken; betoken; forebode; presage; predict; prophesy.</p>

<p><hw>Prog*nos`ti*ca"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>prognostication</i>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of foreshowing or foretelling something future by present signs; prediction.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>That which foreshows; a foretoken.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prog*nos"ti*ca`tor</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who prognosticates; a foreknower or foreteller of a future course or event by present signs.</def> <i>Isa. xlvii. 13.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro"gram</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Programme</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pro*gram"ma</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Programmata</b></plw> (#). [ L. See <u>Programme</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Gr. Antiq.)</i> <def>Any law, which, after it had passed the Athenian senate, was fixed on a tablet for public inspection previously to its being proposed to the general assembly of the people.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>An edict published for public information; an official bulletin; a public proclamation.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>See <u>Programme</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>A preface.</def> [Obs.] <i>T. Warton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro"gramme</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>programma</i> a public proclamation, manifesto, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to write before or in public; &?; before, forth + &?; to write; cf. F. <i>programme</i>. See <u>Graphic</u>.] <def>That which is written or printed as a public notice or advertisement; a scheme; a prospectus; especially, a brief outline or explanation of the order to be pursued, or the subjects embraced, in any public exercise, performance, or entertainment; a preliminary sketch.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Programme music</b></col> <i>(Mus.)</i>, <cd>descriptive instrumental music which requires an argument or programme to explain the meaning of its several movements.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Prog"ress</hw> (?; 277), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>progressus</i>, from <i>progredi</i>, p. p. <i>progressus</i>, to go forth or forward; <i>pro</i> forward + <i>gradi</i> to step, go: cf. F. <i>progr&egrave;s</i>. See <u>Grade</u>.]</p>

<p> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A moving or going forward; a proceeding onward; an advance</def>; specifically: <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>In actual space, as the <i>progress</i> of a ship, carriage, etc.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>In the growth of an animal or plant; increase.</def> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <def>In business of any kind; as, the <i>progress</i> of a negotiation; the <i>progress</i> of art.</def> <sd><i>(d)</i></sd> <def>In knowledge; in proficiency; as, the <i>progress</i> of a child at school.</def> <sd><i>(e)</i></sd> <def>Toward ideal completeness or perfection in respect of quality or condition; — applied to individuals, communities, or the race; as, social, moral, religious, or political <i>progress</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A journey of state; a circuit; especially, one made by a sovereign through parts of his own dominions.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The king being returned from his <i>progresse</i>.</blockquote> <i>Evelyn.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*gress"</hw> (?; <i>formerly pronounced like</i> <u>Progress</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Progressed</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Progressing</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To make progress; to move forward in space; to continue onward in course; to proceed; to advance; to go on; as, railroads are <i>progressing</i>.</def> "As his recovery <i>progressed</i>." <i>Thackeray.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Let me wipe off this honorable dew,<BR> That silverly doth <i>progress</i> on thy checks.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>They <i>progress</i> in that style in proportion as their pieces are treated with contempt.</blockquote> <i>Washington.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The war had <i>progressed</i> for some time.</blockquote> <i>Marshall.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To make improvement; to advance.</def> <i>Bayard.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>If man <i>progresses</i>, art must <i>progress</i> too.</blockquote> <i>Caird.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prog"ress</hw> (?; see <u>Progress</u>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos>), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To make progress in; to pass through.</def> [Obs.] <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*gres"sion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>progressio</i>: cf. F. <i>progression</i>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of moving forward; a proceeding in a course; motion onward.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Course; passage; lapse or process of time.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I hope, in a short <i>progression</i>, you will be wholly immerged in the delices and joys of religion.</blockquote> <i>Evelyn.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Math.)</i> <def>Regular or proportional advance in increase or decrease of numbers; continued proportion, arithmetical, geometrical, or harmonic.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Mus.)</i> <def>A regular succession of tones or chords; the movement of the parts in harmony; the order of the modulations in a piece from key to key.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Arithmetical progression</b></col>, <cd>a progression in which the terms increase or decrease by equal differences, as the numbers &lbrace2;<matrix2x5><row>2, 4, 6, 8, 10</row><row>10, 8, 6, 4, 2</row></matrix2x5>&rbrace2; by the difference 2.</cd></p>

<p> — <col><b>Geometrical progression</b></col>, <cd>a progression in which the terms increase or decrease by equal ratios, as the numbers &lbrace2;<matrix2x5><row>2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64</row><row>64, 32, 16, 8, 4, 2</row></matrix2x5>&rbrace2; by a continual multiplication or division by 2.</cd></p>

<p>— <col><b>Harmonic progression</b></col>, <cd>a progression in which the terms are the reciprocals of quantities in arithmetical progression, as &frac12;, &frac14;, &frac16;, &frac18;, &frac1x10;.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pro*gres"sion*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to progression; tending to, or capable of, progress.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*gres"sion*ist</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who holds to a belief in the progression of society toward perfection.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>One who maintains the doctrine of progression in organic forms; — opposed to <i>uniformitarian</i>.</def> <i>H. Spencer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prog"ress*ist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who makes, or holds to, progress; a progressionist.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*gress"ive</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>progressif</i>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Moving forward; proceeding onward; advancing; evincing progress; increasing; as, <i>progressive</i> motion or course; — opposed to <i>retrograde</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Improving; as, art is in a <i>progressive</i> state.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Progressive euchre</b></col> or <col><b>whist</b></col>, <cd>a way of playing at card parties, by which after every game, the losers at the first table go to the last table, and the winners at all the tables, except the first, move up to the next table.</cd> — <col><b>Progressive muscular atrophy</b></col> <i>(Med.)</i>, <cd>a nervous disorder characterized by continuous atrophy of the muscles.</cd></p>

<p>— <wf>Pro*gress"ive*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Pro*gress"ive*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Progue</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To prog.</def> [Obs.] <i>P. Fletcher.</i></p>

<p><hw>Progue</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A sharp point; a goad.</def> [Scot. & Local, U. S.] — <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To prick; to goad.</def> [ Scot. & Local, U. S.].</p>

<p><hw>Pro"heme</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Proem.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*hib"it</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Prohibited</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Prohibiting</u>.] [L. <i>prohibitus</i>, p. p. of <i>prohibere</i> to prohibit; <i>pro</i> before, forth + <i>habere</i> to have, hold. See <u>Habit</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To forbid by authority; to interdict; as, God <i>prohibited</i> Adam from eating of the fruit of a certain tree; we <i>prohibit</i> a person from doing a thing, and also the doing of the thing; as, the law <i>prohibits</i> men from stealing, or it <i>prohibits</i> stealing.</def></p>

<p>&fist; <i>Prohibit</i> was formerly followed by <i>to</i> with the infinitive, but is now commonly followed by <i>from</i> with the verbal noun in <i>-ing</i>.</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To hinder; to debar; to prevent; to preclude.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Gates of burning adamant,<BR> Barred over us, <i>prohibit</i> all egress.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — To forbid; interdict; debar; prevent; hinder. — <u>Prohibit</u>, <u>Forbid</u>. To <i>forbid</i> is Anglo-Saxon, and is more familiar; to <i>prohibit</i> is Latin, and is more formal or official. A parent <i>forbids</i> his child to be out late at night; he <i>prohibits</i> his intercourse with the profane and vicious.</p>

<p><hw>Pro*hib"it*er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who prohibits or forbids; a forbidder; an interdicter.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro`hi*bi"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>prohibitio</i>: cf. F. <i>prohibition</i>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of prohibiting; a declaration or injunction forbidding some action; interdict.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The law of God, in the ten commandments, consists mostly of <i>prohibitions</i>.</blockquote> <i>Tillotson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Specifically, the forbidding by law of the sale of alcoholic liquors as beverages.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Writ of prohibition</b></col> <i>(Law)</i>, <cd>a writ issued by a superior tribunal, directed to an inferior court, commanding the latter to cease from the prosecution of a suit depending before it.</cd> <i>Blackstone.</i></p>

<p>&fist; By ellipsis, <i>prohibition</i> is used for the writ itself.</p>

<p><hw>Pro`hi*bi"tion*ist</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who favors prohibitory duties on foreign goods in commerce; a protectionist.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>One who favors the prohibition of the sale (or of the sale and manufacture) of alcoholic liquors as beverages.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*hib"it*ive</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>prohibitif</i>.] <def>That prohibits; prohibitory; as, a tax whose effect is <i>prohibitive</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*hib"it*o*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>prohibitorius</i>.] <def>Tending to prohibit, forbid, or exclude; implying prohibition; forbidding; as, a <i>prohibitory</i> law; a <i>prohibitory</i> price.</def> </p>

<p><col><b>Prohibitory index</b></col>. <i>(R. C. Ch.)</i> <cd>See under <u>Index</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Proin</hw> (proin), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [See <u>Prune</u> to trim.] <def>To lop; to trim; to prune; to adorn.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The sprigs that did about it grow<BR> He <i>proined</i> from the leafy arms.</blockquote> <i>Chapman.</i></p>

<p><hw>Proin</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To employed in pruning.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Proj"ect</hw> (?; 277), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>project</i>, F. <i>projet</i>, fr. L. <i>projectus</i>, p. p. of <i>projicere</i> to project; <i>pro</i> forward + <i>jacere</i> to throw. See <u>Jet</u> a shooting forth, and cf. <u>Projet</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The place from which a thing projects, or starts forth.</def> [Obs.] <i>Holland.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>That which is projected or designed; something intended or devised; a scheme; a design; a plan.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Vented much policy, and <i>projects</i> deep.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Projects</i> of happiness devised by human reason.</blockquote> <i>Rogers.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>He entered into the <i>project</i> with his customary ardor.</blockquote> <i>Prescott.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>An idle scheme; an impracticable design; as, a man given to <i>projects</i>.</def></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Design; scheme; plan; purpose. — <u>Project</u>, <u>Design</u>. A <i>project</i> is something of a practical nature thrown out for consideration as to its being done. A <i>design</i> is a project when matured and settled, as a thing to be accomplished. An ingenious man has many <i>projects</i>, but, if governed by sound sense, will be slow in forming them into <i>designs</i>. See also <u>Scheme</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Pro*ject"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Projected</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Projecting</u>.] [Cf. OF. <i>projecter</i>, F. <i>projeter</i>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To throw or cast forward; to shoot forth.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Before his feet herself she did <i>project</i>.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Behold! th' ascending villas on my side<BR> <i>Project</i> long shadows o'er the crystal tide.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To cast forward or revolve in the mind; to contrive; to devise; to scheme; as, to <i>project</i> a plan.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>What sit then <i>projecting</i> peace and war?</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Persp.)</i> <def>To draw or exhibit, as the form of anything; to delineate; as, to <i>project</i> a sphere, a map, an ellipse, and the like; — sometimes with <i>on</i>, <i>upon</i>, <i>into</i>, etc.; as, to <i>project</i> a line or point upon a plane. See <u>Projection</u>, 4.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*ject"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos></p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To shoot forward; to extend beyond something else; to be prominent; to jut; as, the cornice <i>projects</i>; branches <i>project</i> from the tree.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To form a project; to scheme.</def> [R.] <i>Fuller.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*ject"ile</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>projectile</i>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Projecting or impelling forward; as, a <i>projectile</i> force.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Caused or imparted by impulse or projection; impelled forward; as, <i>projectile</i> motion.</def> <i>Arbuthnot.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*ject"ile</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>projectile</i>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A body projected, or impelled forward, by force; especially, a missile adapted to be shot from a firearm.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>pl.</i> <i>(Mech.)</i> <def>A part of mechanics which treats of the motion, range, time of flight, etc., of bodies thrown or driven through the air by an impelling force.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*jec"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>projectio</i>: cf. F. <i>projection</i>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of throwing or shooting forward.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A jutting out; also, a part jutting out, as of a building; an extension beyond something else.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>The act of scheming or planning; also, that which is planned; contrivance; design; plan.</def> <i>Davenant.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Persp.)</i> <def>The representation of something; delineation; plan; especially, the representation of any object on a perspective plane, or such a delineation as would result were the chief points of the object thrown forward upon the plane, each in the direction of a line drawn through it from a given point of sight, or central point; as, the <i>projection</i> of a sphere. The several kinds of projection differ according to the assumed point of sight and plane of projection in each.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <i>(Geog.)</i> <def>Any method of representing the surface of the earth upon a plane.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Conical projection</b></col>, <cd>a mode of representing the sphere, the <i>spherical surface</i> being projected upon the surface of a cone tangent to the sphere, the point of sight being at the center of the sphere.</cd> — <col><b>Cylindric projection</b></col>, <cd>a mode of representing the sphere, the <i>spherical surface</i> being projected upon the surface of a cylinder touching the sphere, the point of sight being at the center of the sphere.</cd> — <col><b>Globular</b></col>, <col><b>Gnomonic</b></col>, <col><b>Orthographic</b></col>, <col><b>projection</b></col>,etc. <cd>See under <u>Globular</u>, <u>Gnomonic</u>, etc.</cd> — <col><b>Mercator's projection</b></col>, <cd>a mode of representing the sphere in which the meridians are drawn parallel to each other, and the parallels of latitude are straight lines whose distance from each other increases with their distance from the equator, so that at all places the degrees of latitude and longitude have to each other the same ratio as on the sphere itself.</cd> — <col><b>Oblique projection</b></col>, <cd>a projection made by parallel lines drawn from every point of a figure and meeting the plane of projection obliquely.</cd> — <col><b>Polar projection</b></col>, <cd>a projection of the sphere in which the point of sight is at the center, and the plane of projection passes through one of the polar circles.</cd> — <col><b>Powder of projection</b></col> <i>(Alchemy.)</i>, <cd>a certain powder cast into a crucible or other vessel containing prepared metal or other matter which is to be thereby transmuted into gold.</cd> — <col><b>Projection of a point on a plane</b></col> <i>(Descriptive Geom.)</i>, <cd>the foot of a perpendicular to the plane drawn through the point.</cd> — <col><b>Projection of a straight line of a plane</b></col>, <cd>the straight line of the plane connecting the feet of the perpendiculars let fall from the extremities of the given line.</cd></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — See <u>Protuberance</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Pro*ject"ment</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Design; contrivance; projection.</def> [Obs.] <i>Clarendon.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*ject"or</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>projeteur</i>.] <def>One who projects a scheme or design; hence, one who forms fanciful or chimerical schemes.</def> <i>L'Estrange.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*jec"ture</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>projectura</i>: cf. F. <i>projecture</i>.] <def>A jutting out beyond a surface.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pro`jet"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. See <u>Project</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <def>A plan proposed; a draft of a proposed measure; a project.</def></p>

<p><hw>Proke</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To poke; to thrust.</def> [Obs.] <i>Holland.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*lapse"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>prolapsus</i>, fr. <i>prolapsus</i>, p. p. of <i>prolabi</i> to fall forward; <i>pro</i> forward + <i>labi</i> to glide, fall.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>The falling down of a part through the orifice with which it is naturally connected, especially of the uterus or the rectum.</def> <i>Dunglison.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*lapse"</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To fall down or out; to protrude.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*lap"sion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>prolapsio</i>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Prolapse.</def> [ Written also <i>prolaption</i>.] [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Pro*lap"sus</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Prolapse.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro"late</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>prolatus</i>, used as p. p. of <i>proferre</i> to bring forth, to extend; <i>pro + latus</i>, p. p. See <u>Pro-</u>, and <u>Tolerate</u>. ] <def>Stretched out; extended; especially, elongated in the direction of a line joining the poles; as, a <i>prolate</i> spheroid; — opposed to <i>oblate</i>.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Prolate cycloid</b></col>. <cd>See the Note under <u>Cycloid</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Prolate ellipsoid</b></col> or <col><b>spheroid</b></col><cd> <i>(Geom.)</i>, a figure generated by the revolution of an ellipse about its major axis. See <i>Ellipsoid of revolution</i>, under <u>Ellipsoid</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pro*late"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To utter; to pronounce.</def> [Obs.] "Foun-der-ed; <i>prolate</i> it right." <i>B. Jonson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*la"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>prolatio</i>: cf. F. <i>prolation</i>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of prolating or pronouncing; utterance; pronunciation.</def> [Obs.] <i>Ray.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The act of deferring; delay.</def> [Obs.] <i>Ainsworth.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Mus.)</i> <def>A medi&aelig;val method of determining of the proportionate duration of semibreves and minims.</def> <i>Busby.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Pro*la"tum</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Prolata</b></plw> (#). [ NL. See <u>Prolate</u>.] <i>(Geom.)</i> <def>A prolate spheroid. See <i>Ellipsoid of revolution</i>, under <u>Ellipsoid</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro"leg</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>pro-</i> for, in place of + <i>leg</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of the fleshy legs found on the abdominal segments of the larv&aelig; of Lepidoptera, sawflies, and some other insects. Those of Lepidoptera have a circle of hooks. Called also <i>proped</i>, <i>propleg</i>, and <i>falseleg</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro"leg`ate</hw> (?; 48), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>prolegatus</i>; <i>pro</i> for + <i>legatus</i> legate.] <i>(Rom. Hist.)</i> <def>The deputy or substitute for a legate.</def></p>

<p><! p. 1146 !></p>

<p><hw>Prol`e*gom"e*na*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of the nature of a prolegomenon; preliminary; introductory; prefatory.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Prol`e*gom"e*non</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Prolegomena</b></plw> (#). [ NL., fr. Gr. &?;, properly neut. pass. p. pr. of &?; to say beforehand; &?; before + &?; to say.] <def>A preliminary remark or observation; an introductory discourse prefixed to a book or treatise.</def> <i>D. Stokes (1659). Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Pro*lep"sis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., fr. Gr. &?;, from &?; to take beforehand; &?; before + &?; to take.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Rhet.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A figure by which objections are anticipated or prevented.</def> <i>Abp. Bramhall.</i> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A necessary truth or assumption; a first or assumed principle.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Chron.)</i> <def>An error in chronology, consisting in an event being dated before the actual time.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Gram.)</i> <def>The application of an adjective to a noun in anticipation, or to denote the result, of the action of the verb; as, to strike one <i>dumb</i>.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pro*lep"tic</hw> (?), <hw>Pro*lep"tic*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;: cf. F. <i>proleptique</i>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Of or pertaining to prolepsis; anticipative.</def> "A far-seeing or <i>proleptic</i> wisdom." <i>De Quincey.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Previous; antecedent.</def> <i>Glanvill.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Anticipating the usual time; — applied to a periodical disease whose paroxysms return at an earlier hour at every repetition.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*lep"tic*al*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a proleptical manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*lep"tics</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>The art and science of predicting in medicine.</def> <i>Laycock.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Pro`l&eacute;`taire"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. See <u>Proletary</u>.] <def>One of the common people; a low person; also, the common people as a class or estate in a country.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prol`e*ta"ne*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>proletaneus</i>.] <def>Having a numerous offspring.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Prol`e*ta"ri*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>proletarius</i>. See Proletary.] <def>Of or pertaining to the proletaries; belonging to the commonalty; hence, mean; vile; vulgar.</def> "Every citizen, if he were not a <i>proletarian</i> animal kept at the public cost." <i>De Quincey.</i> — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A proletary.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prol`e*ta"ri*at</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F.] <def>The indigent class in the State; the body of proletarians.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prol`e*ta"ri*ate</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The lower classes; beggars.</def> "The Italian <i>proletariate</i>." <i>J. A. Symonds.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prol"e*ta*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Proletaries</b></plw> (#). [ L. <i>proletarius</i>, fr. <i>proles</i> offspring. Cf. <u>Prol&eacute;taire</u>.] <i>(Rom. Antiq.)</i> <def>A citizen of the lowest class, who served the state, not with property, but only by having children; hence, a common person.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prol"i*cide</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>proles</i> offspring + <i>caedere</i> to kill.] <def>The crime of destroying one's offspring, either in the womb or after birth.</def> <i>Bouvier.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*lif"er*ate</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [L. <i>proles</i> offspring + <i>ferre</i> to bear.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>To produce or form cells; especially, to produce cells rapidly.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>To produce zooids by budding.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*lif`er*a"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>The continuous development of cells in tissue formation; cell formation.</def> <i>Virchow.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The production of numerous zooids by budding, especially when buds arise from other buds in succession.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*lif"er*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>proles</i> offspring + <i>-ferous</i>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Bearing offspring; — applied to a flower from within which another is produced, or to a branch or frond from which another rises, or to a plant which is reproduced by buds or gemm&aelig;.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>Producing young by budding.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>Producing sexual zooids by budding; — said of the blastostyle of a hydroid.</def> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <def>Producing a cluster of branchlets from a larger branch; — said of corals.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Proliferous cyst</b></col> <i>(Med.)</i>, <cd>a cyst that produces highly-organized or even vascular structures.</cd> <i>Paget.</i></p>

<p>— <wf>Pro*lif"er*ous*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Pro*lif"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [F. <i>prolifique</i>, fr. L. <i>proles</i> offspring (from <i>pro</i> for, forward + the root of <i>alere</i> to nourish) + <i>facere</i> to make. See <u>Adult</u>, <u>Old</u>, and <u>Fact</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Having the quality of generating; producing young or fruit; generative; fruitful; productive; — applied to plants producing fruit, animals producing young, etc.; — usually with the implied idea of frequent or numerous production; as, a <i>prolific</i> tree, female, and the like.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Serving to produce; fruitful of results; active; as, a <i>prolific</i> brain; a controversy <i>prolific</i> of evil.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Proliferous.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*lif"ic*a*cy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Prolificness.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Pro*lif"ic*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Producing young or fruit abundantly; fruitful; prolific.</def> — <wf>Pro*lif"ic*al*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Pro*lif"ic*ate</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [See <u>Prolific</u>.] <def>To make prolific; to fertilize; to impregnate.</def> <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*lif`i*ca"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>prolification</i>, LL. <i>prolificatio</i>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The generation of young.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Reproduction by the growth of a plant, or part of a plant, directly from an older one, or by gemm&aelig;.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*lif"ic*ness</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality or state of being prolific; fruitfulness; prolificacy.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*lix"</hw> (?; 277), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>prolixus</i> extended, long, prolix, probably fr. <i>pro</i> before, forward + <i>liqui</i> to flow, akin to <i>liquidus</i> liquid; cf. OL. <i>lixa</i> water: cf. F. <i>prolixe</i>. See <u>Liquid</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Extending to a great length; unnecessarily long; minute in narration or argument; excessively particular in detail; — rarely used except with reference to discourse written or spoken; as, a <i>prolix</i> oration; a <i>prolix</i> poem; a <i>prolix</i> sermon.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>With wig <i>prolix</i>, down flowing to his waist.</blockquote> <i>Cowper.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Indulging in protracted discourse; tedious; wearisome; — applied to a speaker or writer.</def></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Long; diffuse; prolonged; protracted; tedious; tiresome; wearisome. — <u>Prolix</u>, <u>Diffuse</u>. A <i>prolix</i> writer delights in circumlocution, extended detail, and trifling particulars. A <i>diffuse</i> writer is fond of amplifying, and abounds in epithets, figures, and illustrations. <i>Diffuseness</i> often arises from an exuberance of imagination; <i>prolixity</i> is generally connected with a want of it.</p>

<p><hw>Pro*lix"ious</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Dilatory; tedious; superfluous.</def> [Obs.] "Lay by all nicety, and <i>prolixious</i> blushes." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*lix"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>prolixitas</i>: cf. F. <i>prolixit&eacute;</i>.] <def>The quality or state of being prolix; great length; minute detail; as, <i>prolixity</i> in discourses and writings.</def> "For fulsomeness of his <i>prolixitee</i>." <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Idly running on with vain <i>prolixity</i>.</blockquote> <i>Drayton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*lix"ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a prolix manner.</def> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*lix"ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Prolixity.</def> <i>Adam Smith.</i></p>

<p><hw>Proll</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [See <u>Prowl</u>.] [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Prolled</u> (&?;); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Prolling</u>.] <def>To search or prowl after; to rob; to plunder.</def> [Obs.] <i>Barrow.</i></p>

<p><hw>Proll</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To prowl about; to rob.</def> [Obs.] <i>South.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Though ye <i>prolle</i> aye, ye shall it never find.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Proll"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Prowler; thief.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chapman.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prol`o*cu"tor</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., from <i>proloqui</i>, p. p. <i>prolocutus</i>, to speak out; <i>pro</i> for + <i>loqui</i> to speak.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who speaks for another.</def> <i>Jeffrey.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The presiding officer of a convocation.</def> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prol`o*cu"tor*ship</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The office of a prolocutor.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro"log</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. & v.</i></pos> <def>Prologue.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro"lo*gize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;. See <u>Prologue</u>.] <def>To deliver a Prologue.</def> [R.] <i>Whewell.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro"lo*gi`zer</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who prologizes.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Pro"logue</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., fr. L. <i>prologus</i>, fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to say beforehand; &?; before + &?; to say. See <u>Logic</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The preface or introduction to a discourse, poem, or performance; as, the <i>prologue</i> of Chaucer's "Canterbury Tales;" esp., a discourse or poem spoken before a dramatic performance</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>One who delivers a prologue.</def> [R.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro"logue</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Prologued</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Prologuing</u>.] <def>To introduce with a formal preface, or prologue.</def> [R.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*long"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Prolonged</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Prolonging</u>.] [F. <i>prolonger</i>, L. <i>prolongare</i>; <i>pro</i> before, forth + <i>longus</i> long. See <u>Long</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>, and cf. <u>Prolongate</u>, <u>Purloin</u>. ]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To extend in space or length; as, to <i>prolong</i> a line.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To lengthen in time; to extend the duration of; to draw out; to continue; as, to <i>prolong</i> one's days.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Prolong</i> awhile the traitor's life.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The unhappy queen with talk <i>prolonged</i> the night.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To put off to a distant time; to postpone.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*long"a*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Capable of being prolonged; as, life is <i>prolongable</i> by care.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Each syllable being a <i>prolongable</i> quantity.</blockquote> <i>Rush.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*lon"gate</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Prolongated</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Prolongating</u>.] [L. <i>prolongatus</i>, p. p. of <i>prolongare</i>. See <u>Prolong</u>.] <def>To prolong; to extend in space or in time.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Pro`lon*ga"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>prolongation</i>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of lengthening in space or in time; extension; protraction.</def> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>That which forms an additional length.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*longe"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. See <u>Prolong</u>.] <i>(Field Artillery)</i> <def>A rope with a hook and a toggle, sometimes used to drag a gun carriage or to lash it to the limber, and for various other purposes.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*long"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who, or that which, causes an extension in time or space.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*long"ment</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Prolongation.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*lu"sion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>prolusio</i>, fr. <i>proludere</i> to prelude; <i>pro</i> before + <i>ludere</i> to play: cf. F. <i>prolusion</i>, It. <i>prolusione</i>.] <def>A trial before the principal performance; a prelude; hence, an introductory essay or exercise.</def> "Domestic <i>prolusions</i>." <i>Thackeray.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Her presence was in some measure a restraint on the worthy divine, whose <i>prolusion</i> lasted.</blockquote> <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prom`a*na"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>pro- </i> + L. <i>manatio</i> a flowing, fr. <i>manare</i> to flow.] <def>The act of flowing forth; emanation; efflux.</def> [Obs.] <i>Dr. H. More.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prom`e*nade"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. (with a foreign suffix), from <i>promener</i> to lead, take for a walk, <i>se promener</i> to walk, from L. <i>prominare</i> to drive forward or along; <i>pro</i> forward + <i>minare</i> to drive animals. See <u>Amenable</u>, <u>Menace</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A walk for pleasure, display, or exercise.</def> <i>Burke.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A place for walking; a public walk.</def> <i>Bp. Montagu.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prom`e*nade"</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Promenaded</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Promenading</u>.] <def>To walk for pleasure, display, or exercise.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prom`e*nad"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who promenades.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*mer"it</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [L. <i>promeritus</i>, p. p. of <i>promerere</i> to deserve; <i>pro</i> before + <i>merere</i> to merit.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To oblige; to confer a favor on.</def> [Obs.] <i>Bp. Hall.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To deserve; to procure by merit.</def> [Obs.] <i>Davenant.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Prom"e*rops</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?; before + &?; bee-eater.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any one of several species of very brilliant birds belonging to <i>Promerops</i>, <i>Epimarchus</i>, and allied genera, closely related to the paradise birds, and mostly native of New Guinea. They have a long curved beak and a long graduated tail.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pro*me"the*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Prometheus</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A large American bombycid moth (<i>Callosamia promethea</i>). Its larva feeds on the sassafras, wild cherry, and other trees, and suspends its cocoon from a branch by a silken band.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*me"the*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>Prometh</i>&?;<i>us</i>: cf. F. <i>prom&eacute;th&eacute;en</i>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Of or pertaining to Prometheus. See <u>Prometheus</u>.</def> "<i>Promethean</i> fire." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Having a life-giving quality; inspiring.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*me"the*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Old Chem.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>An apparatus for automatic ignition.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A kind of lucifer match.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*me"the*us</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., fr. Gr. &?;, from &?; to have forethought for.] <i>(Class. Myth.)</i> <def>The son of Iapetus (one of the Titans) and Clymene, fabled by the poets to have surpassed all mankind in knowledge, and to have formed men of clay to whom he gave life by means of fire stolen from heaven. Jupiter, being angry at this, sent Mercury to bind Prometheus to Mount Caucasus, where a vulture preyed upon his liver.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Prom"i*nence</hw> (?), <hw>Prom"i*nen*cy</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>prominentia</i>: cf. F. <i>prominence</i>. See <u>Prominent</u>. ]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The quality or state of being prominent; a standing out from something; conspicuousness.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>That which is prominent; a protuberance.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Solar prominences</b></col>. <i>(Astron.)</i> <cd>See <i>Solar Protuberances</i>, under <u>Protuberance</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Prom"i*nent</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>prominens</i>, <i>-entis</i>, p. pr. of <i>prominere</i> to jut out, to project; <i>pro</i> before, forward + <i>minere</i> (in comp.) to jut, project: cf. F. <i>prominent</i>. See <u>Imminent</u>, <u>Eminent</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Standing out, or projecting, beyond the line surface of something; jutting; protuberant; in high relief; as, a <i>prominent</i> figure on a vase.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Hence; Distinctly manifest; likely to attract attention from its size or position; conspicuous; as, a <i>prominent</i> feature of the face; a <i>prominent</i> building.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Eminent; distinguished above others; as, a <i>prominent</i> character.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Prominent' moth</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>any moth of the family <i>Notodontid&aelig;</i>; a notodontian; — so called because the larva has a hump or prominence on its back. Several of the species are injurious to fruit trees.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Prom"i*nent*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a prominent manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro`mis*cu"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Promiscuousness; confusion.</def> <i>H. Spencer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*mis"cu*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>promiscuus</i>; <i>pro</i> before, in place of, for + <i>miscere</i> to mix. See <u>Mix</u>. ]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Consisting of individuals united in a body or mass without order; mingled; confused; undistinguished; as, a <i>promiscuous</i> crowd or mass.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A wild, where weeds and flowers <i>promiscuous</i> shoot.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Distributed or applied without order or discrimination; not restricted to an individual; common; indiscriminate; as, <i>promiscuous</i> love or intercourse.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*mis"cu*ous*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a promiscuous manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*mis"cu*ous*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality or state of being promiscuous.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prom"ise</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [F. <i>promesse</i>, L. <i>promissum</i>, fr. <i>promittere</i>, <i>promissum</i>, to put forth, foretell, promise; <i>pro</i> forward, for + <i>mittere</i> to send. See <u>Mission</u>. ]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>In general, a declaration, written or verbal, made by one person to another, which binds the person who makes it to do, or to forbear to do, a specified act; a declaration which gives to the person to whom it is made a right to expect or to claim the performance or forbearance of a specified act.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>For if the inheritance be of the law, it is no more of <i>promise</i>: but God gave it to Abraham by <i>promise</i>.</blockquote> <i>Gal. iii. 18.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Law)</i> <def>An engagement by one person to another, either in words or in writing, but properly not under seal, for the performance or nonperformance of some particular thing. The word <i>promise</i> is used to denote the mere engagement of a person, without regard to the consideration for it, or the corresponding duty of the party to whom it is made.</def> <i>Chitty. Parsons. Burrill.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>That which causes hope, expectation, or assurance; especially, that which affords expectation of future distinction; as, a youth of great <i>promise</i>.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>My native country was full of youthful <i>promise</i>.</blockquote> <i>W. Irving.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Bestowal, fulfillment, or grant of what is promised.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He . . . commanded them that they should not depart from Jerusalem, but wait for the <i>promise</i> of the Father.</blockquote> <i>Acts i. 4.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prom"ise</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Promised</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Promising</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To engage to do, give, make, or to refrain from doing, giving, or making, or the like; to covenant; to engage; as, to <i>promise</i> a visit; to <i>promise</i> a cessation of hostilities; to <i>promise</i> the payment of money.</def> "To <i>promise</i> aid." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To afford reason to expect; to cause hope or assurance of; as, the clouds <i>promise</i> rain.</def> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To make declaration of or give assurance of, as some benefit to be conferred; to pledge or engage to bestow; as, the proprietors <i>promised</i> large tracts of land; the city <i>promised</i> a reward.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Promised land</b></col>. <cd>See <i>Land of promise</i>, under <u>Land</u>.</cd> — <col><b>To promise one's self</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>To resolve; to determine; to vow</cd>. <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>To be assured; to have strong confidence.</cd></p>

<p><blockquote>I dare <i>promise myself</i> you will attest the truth of all I have advanced.</blockquote> <i>Rambler.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prom"ise</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos></p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To give assurance by a promise, or binding declaration.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To afford hopes or expectation; to give ground to expect good; rarely, to give reason to expect evil.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Will not the ladies be afeard of the lion?<BR> I fear it, I <i>promise</i> you.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prom`is*ee"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Law)</i> <def>The person to whom a promise is made.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prom"is*er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who promises.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prom"is*ing</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Making a promise or promises; affording hope or assurance; as, <i>promising</i> person; a <i>promising</i> day.</def> — <wf>Prom"is*ing*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Prom"is*or</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Law)</i> <def>One who engages or undertakes; a promiser.</def> <i>Burrill.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*mis"sive</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Making a promise; implying a promise; promising.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><! p. 1147 !></p>

<p><hw>Prom"is*so*ri*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a promissory manner.</def> <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prom"is*so*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Containing a promise or binding declaration of something to be done or forborne.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Promissory note</b></col> <i>(Law)</i>, <cd>a written promise to pay to some person named, and at a time specified therein, or on demand, or at sight, a certain sum of money, absolutely and at all events; — frequently called a <i>note of hand</i>.</cd> <i>Kent. Byles. Story.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prom"ont</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Promontory.</def> [R.] <i>Drayton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prom"on*to*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Promontories</b></plw> (#). [ L. <i>promonturium</i>, <i>promunturium</i>; <i>pro</i> before + <i>mons</i>, <i>montis</i>, mountain: cf. F. <i>promontoire</i>. See <u>Mount</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Phys. Geog.)</i> <def>A high point of land or rock projecting into the sea beyond the line of coast; a headland; a high cape.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Like one that stands upon a <i>promontory</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>A projecting part. Especially: <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> The projecting angle of the ventral side of the sacrum where it joins the last lumbar vertebra. <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> A prominence on the inner wall of the tympanum of the ear.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*mor`pho*log"ic*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>Relating to promorphology; as, a <i>promorphological</i> conception.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro`mor*phol"o*gist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>One versed in the science of promorphology.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro`mor*phol"o*gy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>pro- </i> + <i>morphology</i>.] <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>Crystallography of organic forms; — a division of morphology created by Haeckel. It is essentially stereometric, and relates to a mathematical conception of organic forms. See <u>Tectology</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*mote"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Promoted</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Promoting</u>.] [L. <i>promotus</i>, p. p. of <i>promovere</i> to move forward, to promote; <i>pro</i> forward + <i>movere</i> to move. See <u>Move</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To contribute to the growth, enlargement, or prosperity of (any process or thing that is in course); to forward; to further; to encourage; to advance; to excite; as, to <i>promote</i> learning; to <i>promote</i> disorder; to <i>promote</i> a business venture.</def> "Born to <i>promote</i> all truth." <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To exalt in station, rank, or honor; to elevate; to raise; to prefer; to advance; as, to <i>promote</i> an officer.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I will <i>promote</i> thee unto very great honor.</blockquote> <i>Num. xxii. 17.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Exalt her, and she shall <i>promote</i> thee.</blockquote> <i>Prov. iv. 18.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — To forward; advance; further; patronize; help; exalt; prefer; elevate; dignify.</p>

<p><hw>Pro*mote"</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To urge on or incite another, as to strife; also, to inform against a person.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Pro*mot"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who, or that which, forwards, advances, or promotes; an encourager; as, a <i>promoter</i> of charity or philosophy.</def> <i>Boyle.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Specifically, one who sets on foot, and takes the preliminary steps in, a scheme for the organization of a corporation, a joint-stock company, or the like.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>One who excites; as, a <i>promoter</i> of sedition.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>An informer; a makebate.</def> [Obs.] <i>Tusser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*mo"tion</hw> (-m&omacr;"sh&ubreve;n), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>promotio</i>: cf. F. <i>promotion</i>.] <def>The act of promoting, advancing, or encouraging; the act of exalting in rank or honor; also, the condition of being advanced, encouraged, or exalted in honor; preferment.</def> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Promotion</i> cometh neither from the east, nor from the west, nor from the south.</blockquote> <i>Ps. lxxv. 6.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*mo"tive</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Tending to advance, promote, or encourage.</def> <i>Hume.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*move"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [See <u>Promote</u>.] <def>To move forward; to advance; to promote.</def> [Obs.] <i>Bp. Fell.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*mov"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A promoter.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Prompt</hw> (pr&obreve;mt; 215), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<pos><i>Compar.</i></pos> <u>Prompter</u> (?); <pos><i>superl.</i></pos> <u>Promptest</u>.] [F. <i>prompt</i>, L. <i>promptus</i>, properly, brought forth (to light or view), hence, visible, evident, at hand, ready, quick, — p. p. of <i>promere</i> to take or bring forth; <i>pro</i> forth + <i>emere</i> to take. See <u>Redeem</u>. ]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Ready and quick to act as occasion demands; meeting requirements readily; not slow, dilatory, or hesitating in decision or action; responding on the instant; immediate; as, <i>prompt</i> in obedience or compliance; — said of persons.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Very discerning and <i>prompt</i> in giving orders.</blockquote> <i>Clarendon.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Tell him I am <i>prompt</i><BR> To lay my crown at's feet.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>And you, perhaps, too <i>prompt</i> in your replies.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Done or rendered quickly, readily, or immediately; given without delay or hesitation; — said of conduct; as, <i>prompt</i> assistance.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>When Washington heard the voice of his country in distress,<BR> his obedience was <i>prompt</i>.</blockquote> <i>Ames.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Easy; unobstructed.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>The reception of the light into the body of the building was very <i>prompt</i>.</blockquote> <i>Sir H. Wotton.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Ready; expeditious; quick; agile; alert; brisk; nimble. — <u>Prompt</u>, <u>Ready</u>, <u>Expeditious</u>. One who is <i>ready</i> is prepared to act at the moment. One who is <i>prompt</i> acts at the moment. One who is <i>expeditious</i> carries through an undertaking with constant promptness.</p>

<p><hw>Prompt</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Com.)</i> <def>A limit of time given for payment of an account for produce purchased, this limit varying with different goods. See <u>Prompt-note</u>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>To cover any probable difference of price which might arise before the expiration of the <i>prompt</i>, which for this article [tea] is three months.</blockquote> <i>J. S. Mill.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prompt</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Prompted</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Prompting</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To assist or induce the action of; to move to action; to instigate; to incite.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>God first . . . <i>prompted</i> on the infirmities of the infant world by temporal prosperity.</blockquote> <i>Jer. Taylor.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To suggest; to dictate.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>And whispering angles <i>prompt</i> her golden dreams.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To remind, as an actor or an orator, of words or topics forgotten.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prompt"-book`</hw> (&?;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The book used by a prompter of a theater.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prompt"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who, or that which, prompts; one who admonishes or incites to action.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>One who reminds another, as an actor or an orator, of the words to be spoken next; specifically, one employed for this purpose in a theater.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prompt"i*tude</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., fr. L. <i>promptitudo</i>. See <u>Prompt</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <def>The quality of being prompt; quickness of decision and action when occasion demands; alacrity; as, <i>promptitude</i> in obedience.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Men of action, of <i>promptitude</i>, and of courage.</blockquote> <i>I. Taylor.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prompt"ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a prompt manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prompt"ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Promptitude; readiness; quickness of decision or action.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Cheerful willingness; alacrity.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prompt"-note`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Com.)</i> <def>A memorandum of a sale, and time when payment is due, given to the purchaser at a sale of goods.</def></p>

<p><hw>Promp"tu*a*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to preparation.</def> [R.] <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><hw>Promp"tu*a*ry</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>promptuarium</i>, fr. <i>promptuarius</i> belonging to distribution, distributing: cf, F. <i>promptuaire</i>. See <u>Prompt</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <def>That from which supplies are drawn; a storehouse; a magazine; a repository.</def> <i>Woodward.</i></p>

<p><hw>Promp"ture</hw> (?; 135), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Prompt</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <def>Suggestion; incitement; prompting.</def> [R.] <i>Shak. Coleridge.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*mul"gate</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Promulgated</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Promulgating</u>.] [L. <i>promulgatus</i>, p. p. of <i>promulgare</i> to promulgate; of unknown origin. Cf. <u>Promulge</u>.] <def>To make known by open declaration, as laws, decrees, or tidings; to publish; as, to <i>promulgate</i> the secrets of a council.</def></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — To publish; declare; proclaim. See <u>Announce</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Pro`mul*ga"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>promulgatio</i>: cf. F. <i>promulgation</i>.] <def>The act of promulgating; publication; open declaration; as, the <i>promulgation</i> of the gospel.</def> <i>South.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro"mul*ga`tor</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L.] <def>One who promulgates or publishes.</def> <i>Dr. H. More.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*mulge"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Promulged</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Promulging</u> (?).] [Cf. F. <i>promulguer</i>. See <u>Promulgate</u>.] <def>To promulgate; to publish or teach.</def> <i>Blackstone.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Extraordinary doctrines these for the age in which they were <i>promulged</i>.</blockquote> <i>Prescott.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*mul"ger</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who promulges or publishes what was before unknown.</def> <i>Atterbury.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Pro*mus"cis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., corruption of <i>proboscis</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The proboscis of hemipterous insects. See <i>Illust.</i> under <u>Hemiptera</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pro*na"os</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., fr. Gr. &?;; &?; before + &?; temple.] <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>The porch or vestibule of a temple.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro"nate</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>pronatus</i>, p. p. of <i>pronare</i> to bend forward. See <i>Prone</i>.] <def>Somewhat prone; inclined; as, <i>pronate</i> trees.</def> <i>Kane.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*na"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>pronation</i>.] <i>(Physiol.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The act of turning the palm or palmar surface of the forefoot downward.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>That motion of the forearm whereby the palm or palmar, surface is turned downward.</def> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <def>The position of the limb resulting from the act of pronation. Opposed to <i>supination</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*na"tor</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>A muscle which produces pronation.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prone</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>pronus</i>, akin to Gr. &?;, &?;, Skr. <i>pravana</i> sloping, inclined, and also to L. <i>pro</i> forward, for. See <u>Pro-</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Bending forward; inclined; not erect.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Towards him they bend<BR> With awful reverence <i>prone</i>.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Prostrate; flat; esp., lying with the face down; — opposed to <i>supine</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Which, as the wind,<BR> Blew where it listed, laying all things <i>prone</i>.</blockquote> <i>Byron.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Headlong; running downward or headlong.</def> "Down thither <i>prone</i> in flight." <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Sloping, with reference to a line or surface; declivous; inclined; not level.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Since the floods demand,<BR> For their descent, a <i>prone</i> and sinking land.</blockquote> <i>Blackmore.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>Inclined; propense; disposed; — applied to the mind or affections, usually in an ill sense. Followed by <i>to</i>.</def> "<i>Prone</i> to mischief." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Poets are nearly all <i>prone</i> to melancholy.</blockquote> <i>Landor.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prone"ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a prone manner or position.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prone"ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The quality or state of being prone, or of bending downward; as, the <i>proneness</i> of beasts is opposed to the erectness of man.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The state of lying with the face down; — opposed to <i>supineness</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Descent; declivity; as, the <i>proneness</i> of a hill.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Inclination of mind, heart, or temper; propension; disposition; as, <i>proneness</i> to self- gratification.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*neph"ric</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to the pronephros.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pro*neph"ros</hw> (?), <hw>||Pro*neph"ron</hw> (&?;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [ NL., fr. Gr. &?; before + &?; a kidney.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>The head kidney. See under <u>Head</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prong</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. D. <i>prangen</i> to pinch, press, LG. <i>prange</i> a stick, or W. <i>procio</i> to thrust, E. <i>prowl</i>, <i>pang</i>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A sharp-pointed instrument.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Prick it on a <i>prong</i> of iron.</blockquote> <i>Sandys.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The tine of a fork, or of a similar instrument; as, a fork of two or three <i>prongs</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A sharp projection, as of an antler.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The fang of a tooth.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prong"buck`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The springbuck.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The pronghorn.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pronged</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having prongs or projections like the tines of a fork; as, a three-<i>pronged</i> fork.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prong"-hoe`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A hoe with prongs to break the earth.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prong"horn`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>An American antelope (<i>Antilocapra Americana</i>), native of the plain near the Rocky Mountains. The upper parts are mostly yellowish brown; the under parts, the sides of the head and throat, and the buttocks, are white. The horny sheath of the horns is shed annually. Called also <i>cabr&eacute;e</i>, <i>cabut</i>, <i>prongbuck</i>, and <i>pronghorned antelope</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro"ni*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>pronitas</i>.] <def>Proneness; propensity.</def> [R.] <i>Dr. H. More.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*nom"i*nal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>pronominalis</i>: cf. F. <i>pronominal</i>. See <u>Pronoun</u>.] <def>Belonging to, or partaking of the nature of, a pronoun.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*nom"i*nal*ize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To give the effect of a pronoun to; as, to <i>pronominalize</i> the substantives <i>person</i>, <i>people</i>, etc.</def> <i>Early.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*nom"i*nal*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a pronominal manner&?; with the nature or office of a pronoun; as a pronoun.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pro`non`c&eacute;"</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [F. See <u>Pronounce</u>.] <def>Strongly marked; decided, as in manners, etc.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*no"ta*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Prothonotary</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pro*no"tum</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Pronota</b></plw> (#). [NL. See <u>Pro-</u>, and <u>Notum</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The dorsal plate of the prothorax in insects. See <i>Illust.</i> of <u>Coleoptera</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro"noun</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>pro-</i> + <i>noun</i>: cf. F. <i>pronom</i>, L. <i>pronomen</i>. See <u>Noun</u>.] <i>(Gram.)</i> <def>A word used instead of a noun or name, to avoid the repetition of it. The personal pronouns in English are <i>I</i>, <i>thou</i> or <i>you</i>, <i>he</i>, <i>she</i>, <i>it</i>, <i>we</i>, <i>ye</i>, and <i>they</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*nounce"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Pronounced</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Pronounging</u> (?).] [F. <i>prononcer</i>, L. <i>pronunciare</i>; <i>pro</i> before, forth + <i>nunciare</i>, <i>nuntiare</i>, to announce. See <u>Announce</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To utter articulately; to speak out or distinctly; to utter, as words or syllables; to speak with the proper sound and accent as, adults rarely learn to <i>pronounce</i> a foreign language correctly.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To utter officially or solemnly; to deliver, as a decree or sentence; as, to <i>pronounce</i> sentence of death.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Sternly he <i>pronounced</i><BR> The rigid interdiction.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To speak or utter rhetorically; to deliver; to recite; as, to <i>pronounce</i> an oration.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Speak the speech, I pray you, as I <i>pronounced</i> it to you.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To declare or affirm; as, he <i>pronounced</i> the book to be a libel; he <i>pronounced</i> the act to be a fraud.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The God who hallowed thee and blessed,<BR> <i>Pronouncing</i> thee all good.</blockquote> <i>Keble.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — To deliver; utter; speak. See <u>Deliver</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Pro*nounce"</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos></p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To give a pronunciation; to articulate; as, to <i>pronounce</i> faultlessly.</def> <i>Earle.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To make declaration; to utter on opinion; to speak with confidence.</def> [R.] <i>Dr. H. More.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*nounce"</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Pronouncement; declaration; pronunciation.</def> [Obs.] <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*nounce"a*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. L. <i>pronunciabilis</i> declarative.] <def>Capable of being pronounced.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*nounced"</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [F. <i>prononc&eacute;</i>.] <def>Strongly marked; unequivocal; decided. [A Gallicism]</def></p>

<p><blockquote>[His] views became every day more <i>pronounced</i>.</blockquote> <i>Thackeray.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*nounce"ment</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The act of pronouncing; a declaration; a formal announcement.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*noun"cer</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who pronounces, utters, or declares; also, a pronouncing book.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*noun"cing</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pertaining to, or indicating, pronunciation; as, a <i>pronouncing</i> dictionary.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*nu"bi*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>pronuba</i> bridesmaid; <i>pro</i> before + <i>nubere</i> to marry.] <def>Presiding over marriage.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Pro*nu"cle*us</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Pronuclei</b></plw> (-&imacr;). [NL. See <u>Pro-</u>, and <u>Nucleus</u>.] <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>One of the two bodies or nuclei (called <i>male</i> and <i>female pronuclei</i>) which unite to form the first segmentation nucleus of an impregnated ovum.</def></p>

<p>&fist; In the maturing of the ovum preparatory to impregnation, a part of the germinal vesicle (see <i>Polar body</i>, under <u>Polar</u>) becomes converted into a number of small vesicles, which aggregate themselves into a single clear nucleus. which travels towards the center of the egg and is called the <i>female pronucleus</i>. In impregnation, the spermatozo&ouml;n which enters the egg soon loses its tail, while the head forms a nucleus, called the <i>male pronucleus</i>, which gradually travels towards the female pronucleus and eventually fuses with it, forming the first segmentation nucleus.</p>

<p><hw>Pro*nun"cial</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to pronunciation; pronunciative.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*nun`ci*a*men"to</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A proclamation or manifesto; a formal announcement or declaration.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pro*nun`ci*a`mi"en"to</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Sp. See <u>Pronounce</u>.] <def>See <u>Pronunciamento</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*nun`ci*a"tion</hw> (?; 277), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>pronunciation</i>, L. <i>pronunciatio</i>. See <u>Pronounce</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of uttering with articulation; the act of giving the proper sound and accent; utterance; as, the <i>pronunciation</i> of syllables of words; distinct or indistinct <i>pronunciation</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The mode of uttering words or sentences.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Rhet.)</i> <def>The art of manner of uttering a discourse publicly with propriety and gracefulness; — now called <i>delivery</i>.</def> <i>J. Q. Adams.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*nun"ci*a*tive</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>pronunciativus</i>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Of or pertaining to pronunciation.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Uttering confidently; dogmatical.</def> [Obs.] <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*nun"ci*a`tor</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., a reciter.] <def>One who pronounces; a pronouncer.</def></p>

<p><! p. 1148 !></p>

<p><hw>Pro*nun"ci*a*to*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to pronunciation; that pronounces.</def></p>

<p><hw>Proof</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>prove</i>, <i>proeve</i>, F. <i>preuve</i>, fr. L. <i>proba</i>, fr. <i>probare</i> to prove. See <u>Prove</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Any effort, process, or operation designed to establish or discover a fact or truth; an act of testing; a test; a trial.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>For whatsoever mother wit or art<BR> Could work, he put in <i>proof</i>.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>You shall have many <i>proofs</i> to show your skill.</blockquote> <i>Ford.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Formerly, a very rude mode of ascertaining the strength of spirits was practiced, called the <i>proof</i>.</blockquote> <i>Ure.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>That degree of evidence which convinces the mind of any truth or fact, and produces belief; a test by facts or arguments that induce, or tend to induce, certainty of the judgment; conclusive evidence; demonstration.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I'll have some <i>proof</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>It is no <i>proof</i> of a man's understanding to be able to confirm whatever he pleases.</blockquote> <i>Emerson.</i></p>

<p>&fist; Properly speaking, <i>proof</i> is the effect or result of evidence, evidence is the medium of proof. Cf. <u>Demonstration</u>, 1.</p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>The quality or state of having been proved or tried; firmness or hardness that resists impression, or does not yield to force; impenetrability of physical bodies.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Firmness of mind; stability not to be shaken.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <i>(Print.)</i> <def>A trial impression, as from type, taken for correction or examination; — called also <i>proof sheet</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <i>(Math.)</i> <def>A process for testing the accuracy of an operation performed. Cf. <u>Prove</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>, 5.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <def>Armor of excellent or tried quality, and deemed impenetrable; properly, <i>armor of proof</i>.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Artist's proof</b></col>, <cd>a very early proof impression of an engraving, or the like; — often distinguished by the artist's signature.</cd> — <col><b>Proof reader</b></col>, <cd>one who reads, and marks correction in, proofs. See def. 5, above.</cd></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Testimony; evidence; reason; argument; trial; demonstration. See <u>Testimony</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Proof</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos></p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Used in proving or testing; as, a <i>proof</i> load, or <i>proof</i> charge.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Firm or successful in resisting; as, <i>proof</i> against harm; water<i>proof</i>; bomb<i>proof</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I . . . have found thee<BR> <i>Proof</i> against all temptation.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>This was a good, stout <i>proof</i> article of faith.</blockquote> <i>Burke.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Being of a certain standard as to strength; — said of alcoholic liquors.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Proof charge</b></col> <i>(Firearms)</i>, <cd>a charge of powder and ball, greater than the service charge, fired in an arm, as a gun or cannon, to test its strength.</cd> — <col><b>Proof impression</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Impression</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Proof load</b></col> <i>(Engin.)</i>, <cd>the greatest load than can be applied to a piece, as a beam, column, etc., without straining the piece beyond the elastic limit.</cd> — <col><b>Proof sheet</b></col>. <cd>See <u>Proof</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, 5.</cd> - - <col><b>Proof spirit</b></col> <i>(Chem.)</i>, <cd>a strong distilled liquor, or mixture of alcohol and water, containing not less than a standard amount of alcohol. In the United States "proof spirit is defined by law to be that mixture of alcohol and water which contains one half of its volume of alcohol, the alcohol when at a temperature of 60&deg; Fahrenheit being of specific gravity 0.7939 referred to water at its maximum density as unity. Proof spirit has at 60&deg; Fahrenheit a specific gravity of 0.93353, 100 parts by volume of the same consisting of 50 parts of absolute alcohol and 53.71 parts of water," the apparent excess of water being due to contraction of the liquids on mixture. In England proof spirit is defined by Act 58, George III., to be such as shall at a temperature of 51&deg; Fahrenheit weigh exactly the &frac12x13; part of an equal measure of distilled water. This contains 49.3 per cent by weight, or 57.09 by volume, of alcohol. Stronger spirits, as those of about 60, 70, and 80 per cent of alcohol, are sometimes called <i>second</i>, <i>third</i>, and <i>fourth proof spirits</i> respectively.</cd> — <col><b>Proof staff</b></col>, <cd>a straight-edge used by millers to test the flatness of a stone.</cd> — <col><b>Proof stick</b></col> <i>(Sugar Manuf.)</i>, <cd>a rod in the side of a vacuum pan, for testing the consistency of the sirup.</cd> — <col><b>Proof text</b></col>, <cd>a passage of Scripture used to prove a doctrine.</cd> </p>

<p><hw>Proof`-arm"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To arm with proof armor; to arm securely; as, to <i>proof-arm</i> herself.</def> [R.] <i>Beau. & Fl.</i></p>

<p><hw>Proof"less</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Wanting sufficient evidence to induce belief; not proved.</def> <i>Boyle.</i> — <wf>Proof"less*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Proof"-proof`</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Proof against proofs; obstinate in the wrong.</def> "That might have shown to any one who was not <i>proof-proof</i>." <i>Whateley.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Pro*&ouml;s"tra*cum</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Pro&ouml;straca</b></plw> (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; before + &?; shell of a testacean.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The anterior prolongation of the guard of the phragmocone of belemnites and allied fossil cephalopods, whether horny or calcareous. See <i>Illust.</i> of <u>Phragmocone</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*&ouml;"tic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>pro- </i> + Gr. &?;, &?;, an ear.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>In front of the auditory capsule; — applied especially to a bone, or center of ossification, in the periotic capsule.</def> — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A pro&ouml;tic bone.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prop</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A shell, used as a die. See <u>Props</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prop</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Propped</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Propping</u>.] [Akin to LG. & D. <i>proppen</i> to cram, stuff, thrust into, stop, G. <i>pfropfen</i>, Dan. <i>proppe</i>, Sw. <i>proppa</i>; of uncertain origin, cf. G. <i>pfropfen</i> to graft, fr. L. <i>propago</i> set, layer of a plant, slip, shoot. Cf. 3d. <u>Prop</u>, <u>Propagate</u>.] <def>To support, or prevent from falling, by placing something under or against; as, to <i>prop</i> up a fence or an old building; (Fig.) to sustain; to maintain; as, to <i>prop</i> a declining state.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Till the bright mountains <i>prop</i> the incumbent sky.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>For being not <i>propp'd</i> by ancestry.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>I <i>prop</i> myself upon those few supports that are left me.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prop</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Akin to LG., D., & Dan. <i>prop</i> stopple, stopper, cork, Sw. <i>propp</i>, G. <i>pfropf</i>. See <u>Prop</u>, <pos><i>v.</i></pos>] <def>That which sustains an incumbent weight; that on which anything rests or leans for support; a support; a stay; as, a <i>prop</i> for a building.</def> "Two <i>props</i> of virtue." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pro`p&aelig;*deu"tic</hw> (?), <hw>Pro`p&aelig;*deu"tic*al</hw> (?) }, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; to teach beforehand; &?; before + &?; to bring up a child, to educate, teach, fr. &?;, &?;, a child.] <def>Of, pertaining to, or conveying, preliminary instruction; introductory to any art or science; instructing beforehand.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro`p&aelig;*deu"tics</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The preliminary learning connected with any art or science; preparatory instruction.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prop"a*ga*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See <u>Propagate</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Capable of being propagated, or of being continued or multiplied by natural generation or production.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Capable of being spread or extended by any means; — said of tenets, doctrines, or principles.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prop`a*gan"da</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Abbrev. fr. L. <i>de propaganda fide</i>: cf. F. <i>propagande</i>. See <u>Propagate</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(R. C. Ch.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A congregation of cardinals, established in 1622, charged with the management of missions.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The college of the Propaganda, instituted by Urban VIII. (1623-1644) to educate priests for missions in all parts of the world.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Hence, any organization or plan for spreading a particular doctrine or a system of principles.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prop`a*gan"dism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>propagandisme</i>.] <def>The art or practice of propagating tenets or principles; zeal in propagating one's opinions.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prop`a*gan"dist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>propagandiste</i>.] <def>A person who devotes himself to the spread of any system of principles.</def> "Political <i>propagandists</i>." <i>Walsh.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prop"a*gate</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Propagated</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Propagating</u>.] [L. <i>propagatus</i>, p. p. of <i>propagare</i> to propagate, akin to <i>propages</i>, <i>propago</i>, a layer of a plant, slip, shoot. See <u>Pro-</u>, and cf. <u>Pact</u>, <u>Prop</u>, <u>Prune</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To cause to continue or multiply by generation, or successive production; — applied to animals and plants; as, to <i>propagate</i> a breed of horses or sheep; to <i>propagate</i> a species of fruit tree.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To cause to spread to extend; to impel or continue forward in space; as, to <i>propagate</i> sound or light.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To spread from person to person; to extend the knowledge of; to originate and spread; to carry from place to place; to disseminate; as, to <i>propagate</i> a story or report; to <i>propagate</i> the Christian religion.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The infection was <i>propagated</i> insensibly.</blockquote> <i>De Foe.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To multiply; to increase.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Griefs of mine own lie heavy in my breast,<BR> Which thou wilt <i>propagate</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>To generate; to produce.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Motion <i>propagated</i> motion, and life threw off life.</blockquote> <i>De Quincey.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — To multiply; continue; increase; spread; diffuse; disseminate; promote.</p>

<p><hw>Prop"a*gate</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To have young or issue; to be produced or multiplied by generation, or by new shoots or plants; as, rabbits <i>propagate</i> rapidly.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>No need that thou<BR> Should'st <i>propagate</i>, already infinite.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prop`a*ga"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>propagatio</i>: cf. F. <i>propagation</i>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of propagating; continuance or multiplication of the kind by generation or successive production; as, the <i>propagation</i> of animals or plants.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>There is not in nature any spontaneous generation, but all come by <i>propagation</i>.</blockquote> <i>Ray.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The spreading abroad, or extension, of anything; diffusion; dissemination; as, the <i>propagation</i> of sound; the <i>propagation</i> of the gospel.</def> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prop"a*ga*tive</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Producing by propagation, or by a process of growth.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prop"a*ga`tor</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L.: cf. F. <i>propagateur</i>.] <def>One who propagates; one who continues or multiplies.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pro*pag"u*lum</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Propagula</b></plw> (#). [NL. See <u>Propagate</u>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A runner terminated by a germinating bud.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro"pane</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Propy</i>l + meth<i>ane</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A heavy gaseous hydrocarbon, C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>8</sub>, of the paraffin series, occurring naturally dissolved in crude petroleum, and also made artificially; — called also <i>propyl hydride</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*par"gyl</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Prop</i>inyl + Gr. &?; silver + <i>-yl</i>. So called because one hydrogen atom may be replaced by silver.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Propinyl</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro`par*ox"y*tone</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;. See <u>Pro-</u>, and <u>Paroxytone</u>.] <i>(Gr. Gram.)</i> <def>A word which has the acute accent on the antepenult.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro"ped</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>pro-</i> + L. <i>pes</i>, <i>pedis</i>, foot.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Proleg</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*pel"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Propelled</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Propelling</u>.] [L. <i>propellere</i>, <i>propulsum</i>; <i>pro</i> forward + <i>pellere</i> to drive. See <u>Pulse</u> a beating.] <def>To drive forward; to urge or press onward by force; to move, or cause to move; as, the wind or steam <i>propels</i> ships; balls are <i>propelled</i> by gunpowder.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*pel"ler</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who, or that which, propels.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A contrivance for propelling a steam vessel, usually consisting of a screw placed in the stern under water, and made to revolve by an engine; a propeller wheel.</def> </p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A steamboat thus propelled; a screw steamer.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Propeller wheel</b></col>,<cd>the screw, usually having two or more blades, used in propelling a vessel.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pro*pend"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [L. <i>propendere</i>, <i>propensum</i>; <i>pro</i> forward, forth + <i>pendere</i> to hang. See <u>Pendent</u>.] <def>To lean toward a thing; to be favorably inclined or disposed; to incline; to tend.</def> [R.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>We shall <i>propend</i> to it, as a stone falleth down.</blockquote> <i>Barrow.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*pend"en*cy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Propensity.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Attentive deliberation.</def> [R.] <i>Sir M. Hale.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*pend"ent</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>propendens</i>, p. pr.] <def>Inclining forward or toward.</def> <i>South.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro"pene</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Prop</i>yl + ethyl<i>ene</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Propylene</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*pense"</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>propensus</i>, p. p. See <u>Propend</u>.] <def>Leaning toward, in a moral sense; inclined; disposed; prone; as, women <i>propense</i> to holiness.</def> <i>Hooker.</i> — <wf>Pro*pense"ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Pro*pense"ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Pro*pen"sion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>propensio</i>: cf. F. <i>propension</i>. See <u>Propend</u>, <u>Propense</u>.] <def>The quality or state of being propense; propensity.</def> <i>M. Arnold.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Your full consent<BR> Gave wings to my <i>propension</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*pen"si*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Propensities</b></plw> (&?;). <def>The quality or state of being propense; natural inclination; disposition to do good or evil; bias; bent; tendency.</def> "A <i>propensity</i> to utter blasphemy." <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Disposition; bias; inclination; proclivity; proneness; bent; tendency.</p>

<p><hw>Pro"pe*nyl</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Propene</i> + <i>-yl</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A hypothetical hydrocarbon radical, C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>5</sub>, isomeric with allyl and glyceryl, and regarded as the essential residue of glycerin. Cf. <u>Allyl</u>, and <u>Glyceryl</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*pep"sin</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>pro-</i> + <i>pepsin</i>.] <i>(Physiol. Chem.)</i> <def>See <u>Persinogen</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*pep"tone</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>pro-</i> + <i>peptone</i>.] <i>(Physiol. Chem.)</i> <def>A product of gastric digestion intermediate between albumin and peptone, identical with hemialbumose.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prop"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [OE. <i>propre</i>, F. <i>propre</i>, fr. L. <i>proprius</i>. Cf. <u>Appropriate</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Belonging to one; one's own; individual.</def> "His <i>proper</i> good" [<i>i. e.</i>, his <i>own</i> possessions]. <i>Chaucer.</i> "My <i>proper</i> son." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Now learn the difference, at your <i>proper</i> cost,<BR> Betwixt true valor and an empty boast.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Belonging to the natural or essential constitution; peculiar; not common; particular; as, every animal has his <i>proper</i> instincts and appetites.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Those high and peculiar attributes . . . which constitute our <i>proper</i> humanity.</blockquote> <i>Coleridge.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Befitting one's nature, qualities, etc.; suitable in all respect; appropriate; right; fit; decent; as, water is the <i>proper</i> element for fish; a <i>proper</i> dress.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>proper</i> study of mankind is man.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>In Athens all was pleasure, mirth, and play,<BR> All <i>proper</i> to the spring, and sprightly May.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Becoming in appearance; well formed; handsome.</def> [Archaic] "Thou art a <i>proper</i> man." <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Moses . . . was hid three months of his parents, because they saw he was a <i>proper</i> child.</blockquote> <i>Heb. xi. 23.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>Pertaining to one of a species, but not common to the whole; not appellative; — opposed to <i>common</i>; as, a <i>proper</i> name; Dublin is the <i>proper</i> name of a city.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>Rightly so called; strictly considered; as, Greece <i>proper</i>; the garden <i>proper</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <i>(Her.)</i> <def>Represented in its natural color; — said of any object used as a charge.</def></p>

<p><col><b>In proper</b></col>, <cd>individually; privately.</cd> [Obs.] <i>Jer. Taylor.</i> — <col><b>Proper flower</b></col> or <col><b>corolla</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>one of the single florets, or corollets, in an aggregate or compound flower.</cd> — <col><b>Proper fraction</b></col> <i>(Arith.)</i> <cd>a fraction in which the numerator is less than the denominator.</cd> — <col><b>Proper nectary</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>a nectary separate from the petals and other parts of the flower.</cd> — <col><b>Proper noun</b></col> <i>(Gram.)</i>, <cd>a name belonging to an individual, by which it is distinguished from others of the same class; — opposed to <i>common noun</i>; as, <i>John</i>, <i>Boston</i>, <i>America</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Proper perianth</b></col> or <col><b>involucre</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>that which incloses only a single flower.</cd> — <col><b>Proper receptacle</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>a receptacle which supports only a single flower or fructification.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Prop"er</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>Properly; hence, to a great degree; very; as, <i>proper</i> good.</def> [Colloq & Vulgar]</p>

<p><hw>Prop"er*ate</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t. & i.</i></pos> [L. <i>properatus</i>, p. p. of <i>properare</i> to hasten.] <def>To hasten, or press forward.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Prop`er*a"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>properatio</i>.] <def>The act of hastening; haste.</def> [Obs.] <i>T. Adams.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*per"i*spome</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Gr. Gram.)</i> <def>Properispomenon.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pro*per`i*spom"e*non</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Properispomena</b></plw> (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to circumflex on the penult; &?; before + &?; to circumflex. See <u>Perispomenon</u>.] <i>(Gr. Gram.)</i> <def>A word which has the circumflex accent on the penult.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prop"er*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>In a proper manner; suitably; fitly; strictly; rightly; as, a word <i>properly</i> applied; a dress <i>properly</i> adjusted.</def> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Individually; after one's own manner.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Now, harkeneth, how I bare me <i>properly</i>.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prop"er*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The quality of being proper.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Tallness; comeliness.</def> [Obs.] <i>Udall.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prop"er*tied</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Possessing property; holding real estate, or other investments of money.</def> "The <i>propertied</i> and satisfied classes." <i>M. Arnold.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prop"er*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Properties</b></plw> (#). [OE. <i>proprete</i>, OF. <i>propret&eacute;</i> property, F. <i>propret&eacute;</i> neatness, cleanliness, <i>propri&eacute;t&eacute;</i> property, fr. L. <i>proprietas</i>. See <u>Proper</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>, and cf. <u>Propriety</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>That which is proper to anything; a peculiar quality of a thing; that which is inherent in a subject, or naturally essential to it; an attribute; as, sweetness is a <i>property</i> of sugar.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Property</i> is correctly a synonym for peculiar quality; but it is frequently used as coextensive with quality in general.</blockquote> <i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i></p>

<p>&fist; In physical science, the properties of matter are distinguished to the three following classes: 1. <i>Physical properties</i>, or those which result from the relations of bodies to the physical agents, light, heat, electricity, gravitation, cohesion, adhesion, etc., and which are exhibited without a change in the composition or kind of matter acted on. They are color, luster, opacity, transparency, hardness, sonorousness, density, crystalline form, solubility, capability of osmotic diffusion, vaporization, boiling, fusion, etc. 2. <i>Chemical properties</i>, or those which are conditioned by affinity and composition; thus, combustion, explosion, and certain solutions are reactions occasioned by chemical properties. Chemical properties are identical when there is identity of composition and structure, and change according as the composition changes. 3. <i>Organoleptic properties</i>, or those forming a class which can not be included in either of the other two divisions. They manifest themselves in the contact of substances with the organs of taste, touch, and smell, or otherwise affect the living organism, as in the manner of medicines and poisons.</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>An acquired or artificial quality; that which is given by art, or bestowed by man; as, the poem has the <i>properties</i> which constitute excellence.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>The exclusive right of possessing, enjoying, and disposing of a thing; ownership; title.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Here I disclaim all my paternal care,<BR> Propinquity and <i>property</i> of blood.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Shall man assume a <i>property</i> in man?</blockquote> <i>Wordsworth.</i></p>

<p><! p. 1149 !></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>That to which a person has a legal title, whether in his possession or not; thing owned; an estate, whether in lands, goods, or money; as, a man of large <i>property</i>, or small <i>property</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <i>pl.</i> <def>All the adjuncts of a play except the scenery and the dresses of the actors; stage requisites.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I will draw a bill of <i>properties</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>Propriety; correctness.</def> [Obs.] <i>Camden.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Literary property</b></col>. <i>(Law)</i> <cd>See under <u>Literary</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Property man</b></col>, <cd>one who has charge of the "properties" of a theater.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Prop"er*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos></p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To invest which properties, or qualities.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To make a property of; to appropriate.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>They have here <i>propertied</i> me.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*phane"</hw> (?), <pos><i>a. & v. t.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Profane</u>.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>||Proph"a*sis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?; to show beforehand. See <u>Pro-</u>, and <u>Phasis</u>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Foreknowledge of a disease; prognosis.</def></p>

<p><hw>Proph"e*cy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Prophecies</b></plw> (#), [OE. <i>prophecie</i>, OF. <i>profecie</i>, F. <i>proph&eacute;tie</i>, L. <i>prophetia</i>, fr. Gr. <i>&?;</i>, fr. &?; to be an interpreter of the gods, to prophesy, fr. &?; prophet. See <u>Prophet</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A declaration of something to come; a foretelling; a prediction; esp., an inspired foretelling.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He hearkens after <i>prophecies</i> and dreams.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Prophecy</i> came not in old time by the will of man.</blockquote> <i>2. Pet. i. 21.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Script.)</i> <def>A book of prophecies; a history; as, the <i>prophecy</i> of Ahijah.</def> <i>2 Chron. ix. 29.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Public interpretation of Scripture; preaching; exhortation or instruction.</def></p>

<p><hw>Proph"e*si`er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A prophet.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Proph"e*sy</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Prophesied</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Prophesying</u> (?).] [See <u>Prophecy</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To foretell; to predict; to prognosticate.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He doth not <i>prophesy</i> good concerning me.</blockquote> <i>1 Kings xxii. 8.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Then I perceive that will be verified<BR> Henry the Fifth did sometime <i>prophesy</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To foreshow; to herald; to prefigure.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Methought thy very gait did <i>prophesy</i><BR> A royal nobleness; I must embrace thee.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Proph"e*sy</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos></p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To utter predictions; to make declaration of events to come.</def> <i>Matt. xv. 7.</i></p>

<p> <sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To give instruction in religious matters; to interpret or explain Scripture or religious subjects; to preach; to exhort; to expound.</def> <i>Ezek. xxxvii. 7.</i></p>

<p><hw>Proph"et</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>proph&egrave;te</i>, L. <i>propheta</i>, fr. Gr. &?;, literally, one who speaks for another, especially, one who speaks for a god an interprets his will to man, fr. &?; to say beforehand; &?; for, before + &?; to say or speak. See <u>Fame</u>. ]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who prophesies, or foretells events; a predicter; a foreteller.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>One inspired or instructed by God to speak in his name, or announce future events, as, Moses, Elijah, etc.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>An interpreter; a spokesman.</def> [R.] <i>Ex. vii. 1.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A mantis.</def></p>

<p><col><b>School of the prophets</b></col> <i>(Anc. Jewish Hist.)</i>, <cd>a school or college in which young men were educated and trained for public teachers or members of the prophetic order. These students were called <i>sons of the prophets</i>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Proph"et*ess</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>proph&eacute;tesse</i>, L. <i>prophetissa</i>.] <def>A female prophet.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pro*phet"ic</hw> (?), <hw>Pro*phet"ic*al</hw> (?) }, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>propheticus</i>, Gr. &?;: cf. F. <i>proph&eacute;tique</i>.] <def>Containing, or pertaining to, prophecy; foretelling events; as, <i>prophetic</i> writings; <i>prophetic</i> dreams; — used with <i>of</i> before the thing foretold.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>And fears are oft <i>prophetic</i> of the event.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*phet`ic*al"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Propheticalness.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*phet"ic*al*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a prophetical manner; by way of prediction.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*phet"ic*al*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality or state of being prophetical; power or capacity to foretell.</def></p>

<p><hw>Proph"et*ize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [L. <i>prophetizare</i>, Gr. &?;: cf. F. <i>proph&eacute;tiser</i>. Cf. <u>Prophesy</u>.] <def>To give predictions; to foreshow events; to prophesy.</def> [R.] "<i>Prophetizing</i> dreams." <i>Daniel.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*phor"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; utterance.] <def>Enunciative.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>||Pro*phrag"ma</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Prophragmata</b></plw> (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; before + &?;, &?;, fence, screen. ] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>An internal dorsal chitinous process between the first two divisions of the thorax of insects.</def></p>

<p><hw>Proph`y*lac"tic</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>prophylactique</i>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>A medicine which preserves or defends against disease; a preventive.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Proph`y*lac"tic</hw> (?), <hw>Proph`y*lac"tic*al</hw> (?) }, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to guard against; &?; before + &?; to guard: cf. F. <i>prophylactique</i>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Defending or preserving from disease; preventive.</def> <i>Coxe.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Proph`y*lax"is</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Prophylactic</u>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>The art of preserving from, or of preventing, disease; the observance of the rules necessary for the preservation of health; preservative or preventive treatment.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*pice"</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [OE., fr. F. <i>propice</i>, See <u>Propitious</u>.] <def>Fit; propitious.</def> [Obs.] <i>E. Hall.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro"pi*dene</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Prop</i>yl + ethyl<i>idene</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>The unsymmetrical hypothetical hydrocarbon radical, CH<sub>3</sub>.CH<sub>2</sub>.CH, analogous to ethylidene, and regarded as the type of certain derivatives of propane; — called also <i>propylidene</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prop`i*na"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>propinatio</i>. See <u>Propine</u>.] <def>The act of pledging, or drinking first, and then offering the cup to another.</def> [Obs.] <i>Abp. Potter.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*pine"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [L. <i>propinare</i>, Gr. &?;; &?; before + &?; to drink.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To pledge; to offer as a toast or a health in the manner of drinking, that is, by drinking first and passing the cup.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>The lovely sorceress mixed, and to the prince<BR> Health, peace, and joy <i>propined</i>.</blockquote> <i>C. Smart.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Hence, to give in token of friendship.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To give, or deliver; to subject.</def> [Obs.] <i>Fotherby.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*pine"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A pledge.</def> [Obs. or Scot.]</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A gift; esp., drink money.</def> [Obs or Scot.]</p>

<p><hw>Pro"pine</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Prop</i>yl + eth<i>ine</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Allylene</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*pin"qui*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>propinquitas</i>, from <i>propinquus</i> near, neighboring, from <i>prope</i> near.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Nearness in place; neighborhood; proximity.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Nearness in time.</def> <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Nearness of blood; kindred; affinity.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro"pi*nyl</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Propine</i> + <i>-yl</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A hydrocarbon radical regarded as an essential residue of propine and allied compounds.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro"pi*o*late</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A salt of propiolic acid.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro`pi*ol"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Propi</i>onic + tetr<i>olic</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, an organic acid (called also <i>propargylic</i> acid) of the acetylene or tetrolic series, analogous to propionic acid, and obtained as a white crystalline substance.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro"pi*o*nate</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A salt of propionic acid.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro"pi*one</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>The ketone of propionic acid, obtained as a colorless fragrant liquid.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro`pi*on"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Pro</i>to- + Gr. <grk>pi`wn</grk> fat.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Pertaining to, derived from, or designating, an organic acid which is produced in the distillation of wood, in the fermentation of various organic substances, as glycerin, calcium lactate, etc., and is obtained as a colorless liquid having a sharp, pungent odor. Propionic acid is so called because it is the <i>first</i> or lowest member of the <i>fatty acid</i> series whose salts have a fatty feel.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro"pi*o*nyl</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>The hypothetical radical C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>5</sub>O, regarded as the essential residue of propionic acid and certain related compounds.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Prop`i*the"cus</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?; before, for + &?; ape.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A genus including the long-tailed, or diadem, indris. See <u>Indris</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*pi"ti*a*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>propitiabilis</i>.] <def>Capable of being propitiated.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*pi"ti*ate</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Propitiated</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Propitiating</u>.] [L. <i>propitiatus</i>, p. p. of <i>propitiare</i> to propitiate, fr. <i>propitius</i> favorable. See <u>Propitious</u>.] <def>To appease to render favorable; to make propitious; to conciliate.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Let fierce Achilles, dreadful in his rage,<BR> The god <i>propitiate</i>, and the pest assuage.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*pi"ti*ate</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To make propitiation; to atone.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*pi`ti*a"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>propitiatio</i>: cf. F. <i>propitiation</i>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of appeasing the wrath and conciliating the favor of an offended person; the act of making propitious.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Theol.)</i> <def>That which propitiates; atonement or atoning sacrifice; specifically, the influence or effects of the death of Christ in appeasing the divine justice, and conciliating the divine favor.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He [Jesus Christ] is the <i>propitiation</i> for our sins.</blockquote> <i>1 John ii. 2.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*pi"ti*a`tor</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L.] <def>One who propitiates or appeases.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*pi"ti*a*to*ri*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>By way of propitiation.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*pi"ti*a*to*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>propitiatorius</i>: cf. F. <i>propitiatoire</i>.] <def>Having the power to make propitious; pertaining to, or employed in, propitiation; expiatory; as, a <i>propitiatory</i> sacrifice.</def> <i>Sharp.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*pi"ti*a*to*ry</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>propitiatorium</i>.] <i>(Jewish Antiq.)</i> <def>The mercy seat; — so called because a symbol of the propitiated Jehovah.</def> <i>Bp. Pearson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*pi"tious</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>propitius</i>, perhaps originally a term of augury meaning, flying forward (<i>pro</i>) or well; cf. Skr. <i>pat</i> to fly, E. <i>petition</i>, <i>feather</i>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Convenient; auspicious; favorable; kind; as, a <i>propitious</i> season; a <i>propitious</i> breeze.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Hence, kind; gracious; merciful; helpful; - - said of a person or a divinity.</def> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>And now t' assuage the force of this new flame,<BR> And make thee [Love] more <i>propitious</i> in my need.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Auspicious; favorable; kind. — <u>Propitious</u>, <u>Auspicious</u>. <i>Auspicious</i> (from the ancient idea of <i>auspices</i>, or omens) denotes "indicative of success," or "favored by incidental occurrences;" as, an <i>auspicious</i> opening; an <i>auspicious</i> event. <i>Propitious</i> denotes that which efficaciously protect us in some undertaking, speeds our exertions, and decides our success; as, <i>propitious</i> gales; <i>propitious</i> influences.</p>

<p>— <wf>Pro*pi"tious*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Pro*pi"tious*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Pro"plasm</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>proplasma</i>, Gr. &?;; &?; before + &?; a thing formed, fr. &?; to mold.] <def>A mold; a matrix.</def> [R.] <i>Woodward.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*plas"tic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Forming a mold.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*plas"tics</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The art of making molds for castings.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Prop"leg`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [So called because it <i>props up</i> or supports the body.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Proleg</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*po"di*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to the propodialia, or the parts of the limbs to which they belong.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pro*po`di*a"le</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Propodialia</b></plw>. (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; before + &?;, dim. of &?;, &?;, foot.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>The bone of either the upper arm or the thing, the <i>propodialia</i> being the humerus and femur.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prop"o*dite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>pro-</i> + Gr. &?;, &?;, foot.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The sixth joint of a typical leg of a crustacean; usually, the penultimate joint.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pro*po"di*um</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Propodia</b></plw> (#). [NL. See <u>Propodiale</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The anterior portion of the foot of a mollusk.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The segment which forms the posterior part of the thorax of a hymenopterous insect.</def> [Written also <i>propodeum</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Pro"po*lis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., fr. Gr. &?;; &?; before + &?; city.] <def>Same as <i>Bee glue</i>, under <u>Bee</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*pone"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [L. <i>proponere</i> to propose. See <u>Propound</u>.] <def>To propose; to bring forward.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*po"nent</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>proponens</i>, p. pr.] <def>Making proposals; proposing.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*po"nent</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who makes a proposal, or lays down a proposition.</def> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Law)</i> <def>The propounder of a thing.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*por"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., fr. L. <i>proportio</i>; <i>pro</i> before + <i>portio</i> part or share. See <u>Portion</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The relation or adaptation of one portion to another, or to the whole, as respect magnitude, quantity, or degree; comparative relation; ratio; as, the <i>proportion</i> of the parts of a building, or of the body.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The image of Christ, made after his own <i>proportion</i>.</blockquote> <i>Ridley.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Formed in the best <i>proportions</i> of her sex.</blockquote> <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Documents are authentic and facts are true precisely in <i>proportion</i> to the support which they afford to his theory.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Harmonic relation between parts, or between different things of the same kind; symmetrical arrangement or adjustment; symmetry; as, to be out of <i>proportion</i>.</def> "Let us prophesy according to the <i>proportion</i> of faith." <i>Rom. xii. 6.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>The portion one receives when a whole is distributed by a rule or principle; equal or proper share; lot.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Let the women . . . do the same things in their <i>proportions</i> and capacities.</blockquote> <i>Jer. Taylor.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>A part considered comparatively; a share.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <i>(Math.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The equality or similarity of ratios, especially of geometrical ratios; or a relation among quantities such that the quotient of the first divided by the second is equal to that of the third divided by the fourth; — called also <i>geometrical proportion</i>, in distinction from <i>arithmetical proportion</i>, or that in which the difference of the first and second is equal to the difference of the third and fourth.</def></p>

<p>&fist; <i>Proportion</i> in the mathematical sense differs from <i>ratio</i>. <i>Ratio</i> is the relation of two quantities of the same kind, as the ratio of 5 to 10, or the ratio of 8 to 16. <i>Proportion</i> is the sameness or likeness of two such relations. Thus, 5 to 10 as 8 to 16; that is, 5 bears the same relation to 10 as 8 does to 16. Hence, such numbers are said to be in <i>proportion</i>. <i>Proportion</i> is expressed by symbols thus:</p>

<p><i>a:b::c:d</i>, or <i>a:b = c:d</i>, or <i><fract>a/b</fract> = <fract>c/d</fract></i>. </p>

<p><sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The rule of three, in arithmetic, in which the three given terms, together with the one sought, are proportional.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Continued proportion</b></col>, <col><b>Inverse proportion</b></col>, etc. <cd>See under <u>Continued</u>, <u>Inverse</u>, etc.</cd> — <col><b>Harmonical, or Musical</b></col>, <col><b>proportion</b></col>, <cd>a relation of three or four quantities, such that the first is to the last as the difference between the first two is to the difference between the last two; thus, 2, 3, 6, are in harmonical proportion; for 2 is to 6 as 1 to 3. Thus, 24, 16, 12, 9, are harmonical, for <i>24:9::8:3</i>.</cd> — <col><b>In proportion</b></col>, <cd>according as; to the degree that.</cd> "<i>In proportion</i> as they are metaphysically true, they are morally and politically false." <i>Burke.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*por"tion</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Proportioned</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Proportioning</u>.] [Cf. F. <i>proportionner</i>. Cf. <u>Proportionate</u>, <pos><i>v.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To adjust in a suitable proportion, as one thing or one part to another; as, to <i>proportion</i> the size of a building to its height; to <i>proportion</i> our expenditures to our income.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>In the loss of an object we do not <i>proportion</i> our grief to the real value . . . but to the value our fancies set upon it.</blockquote> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To form with symmetry or suitableness, as the parts of the body.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Nature had <i>proportioned</i> her without any fault.</blockquote> <i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To divide into equal or just shares; to apportion.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*por"tion*a*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Capable of being proportioned, or made proportional; also, proportional; proportionate.</def> — <wf>Pro*por"tion*a*ble*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><blockquote>But eloquence may exist without a <i>proportionable</i> degree of wisdom.</blockquote> <i>Burke.</i></p>

<p><blockquote> <i>Proportionable</i>, which is no longer much favored, was of our [i. e., English writers'] own coining.</blockquote> <i>Fitzed. Hall.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*por"tion*a*bly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>Proportionally.</def> <i>Locke.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*por"tion*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>proportionalis</i>: cf. F. <i>proportionnel</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Having a due proportion, or comparative relation; being in suitable proportion or degree; as, the parts of an edifice are <i>proportional</i>.</def> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Relating to, or securing, proportion.</def> <i>Hutton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Math.)</i> <def>Constituting a proportion; having the same, or a constant, ratio; as, <i>proportional</i> quantities; momentum is <i>proportional</i> to quantity of matter.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Proportional logarithms</b></col>, <cd>logistic logarithms. See under <u>Logistic</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Proportional scale</b></col>, <cd>a scale on which are marked parts proportional to the logarithms of the natural numbers; a logarithmic scale.</cd> — <col><b>Proportional</b></col> <col><b>scales, compasses, dividers</b></col>, etc. <i>(Draughting)</i>, <cd>instruments used in making copies of drawings, or drawings of objects, on an enlarged or reduced scale.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pro*por"tion*al</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Math.)</i> <def>Any number or quantity in a proportion; as, a mean <i>proportional</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>The combining weight or equivalent of an element.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Pro*por`tion*al"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>proportionnalit&eacute;</i>.] <def>The state of being in proportion.</def> <i>Coleridge.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*por"tion*al*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In proportion; in due degree; adapted relatively; as, all parts of the building are <i>proportionally</i> large.</def> <i>Sir I. Newton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*por"tion*ate</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>proportionatus</i>. See <u>Proportion</u>.] <def>Adjusted to something else according to a proportion; proportional.</def> <i>Longfellow.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>What is <i>proportionate</i> to his transgression.</blockquote> <i>Locke.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*por"tion*ate</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Proportionated</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Proportionating</u>.] [Cf. <u>Proportion</u>, <pos><i>v.</i></pos>] <def>To make proportional; to adjust according to a settled rate, or to due comparative relation; to proportion; as, to <i>proportionate</i> punishment to crimes.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*por"tion*ate*ly</hw> (&?;), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a proportionate manner; with due proportion; proportionally.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*por"tion*ate*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality or state of being proportionate.</def> <i>Sir M. Hale.</i></p>

<p><! p. 1150 !></p>

<p><hw>Pro*por"tion*less</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Without proportion; unsymmetrical.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*por"tion*ment</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The act or process of dividing out proportionally.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*pos"al</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From <u>Propose</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>That which is proposed, or propounded for consideration or acceptance; a scheme or design; terms or conditions proposed; offer; as, to make <i>proposals</i> for a treaty of peace; to offer <i>proposals</i> for erecting a building; to make <i>proposals</i> of marriage.</def> "To put forth <i>proposals</i> for a book." <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Law)</i> <def>The offer by a party of what he has in view as to an intended business transaction, which, with acceptance, constitutes a contract.</def></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Proffer; tender; overture. See <u>Proposition</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Pro*pose"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Proposed</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Proposing</u>.] [F. <i>proposer</i>; pref. <i>pro-</i> (L. <i>pro</i> for, forward) + <i>poser</i> to place. See <u>Pose</u>, <pos><i>v.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To set forth.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>That being <i>proposed</i> brimfull of wine, one scarce could lift it up.</blockquote> <i>Chapman.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To offer for consideration, discussion, acceptance, or adoption; as, to <i>propose</i> terms of peace; to <i>propose</i> a question for discussion; to <i>propose</i> an alliance; to <i>propose</i> a person for office.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To set before one's self or others as a purpose formed; hence, to purpose; to intend.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I <i>propose</i> to relate, in several volumes, the history of the people of New England.</blockquote> <i>Palfrey.</i></p>

<p><col><b>To propose to one's self</b></col>, <cd>to intend; to design.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pro*pose"</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To speak; to converse.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>There shalt thou find my cousin Beatrice,<BR> <i>Proposing</i> with the prince and Claudio.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To form or declare a purpose or intention; to lay a scheme; to design; as, man <i>proposes</i>, but God disposes.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To offer one's self in marriage.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*pose"</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>propos</i>, L. <i>propositum</i>. See <u>Propound</u>, <u>Purpose</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <def>Talk; discourse.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*pos"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who proposes or offers anything for consideration or adoption.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A speaker; an orator.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prop`o*si"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>propositio</i>: cf. F. <i>proposition</i>. See <u>Propound</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of setting or placing before; the act of offering.</def> "Oblations for the altar of <i>proposition</i>." <i>Jer. Taylor.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>That which is proposed; that which is offered, as for consideration, acceptance, or adoption; a proposal; as, the enemy made <i>propositions</i> of peace; his <i>proposition</i> was not accepted.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A statement of religious doctrine; an article of faith; creed; as, the <i>propositions</i> of Wyclif and Huss.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Some persons . . . change their <i>propositions</i> according as their temporal necessities or advantages do turn.</blockquote> <i>Jer. Taylor.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Gram. & Logic)</i> <def>A complete sentence, or part of a sentence consisting of a subject and predicate united by a copula; a thought expressed or propounded in language; a from of speech in which a predicate is affirmed or denied of a subject; as, <i>snow is white</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <i>(Math.)</i> <def>A statement in terms of a truth to be demonstrated, or of an operation to be performed.</def></p>

<p>&fist; It is called a <i>theorem</i> when it is something to be proved, and a <i>problem</i> when it is something to be done.</p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <i>(Rhet.)</i> <def>That which is offered or affirmed as the subject of the discourse; anything stated or affirmed for discussion or illustration.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <i>(Poetry)</i> <def>The part of a poem in which the author states the subject or matter of it.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Leaves of proposition</b></col> <i>(Jewish Antiq.)</i>, <cd>the showbread.</cd> <i>Wyclif (Luke vi. 4).</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Proposal; offer; statement; declaration. — <u>Proposition</u>, <u>Proposal</u>. These words are both from the Latin verb <i>proponere</i>, to set forth, and as here compared they mark different forms or stages of a negotiation. A <i>proposition</i> is something presented for discussion or consideration; as, <i>propositions</i> of peace. A <i>proposal</i> is some definite thing offered by one party to be accepted or rejected by the other. If the <i>proposition</i> is favorably received, it is usually followed by <i>proposals</i> which complete the arrangement.</p>

<p><hw>Prop`o*si"tion*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pertaining to, or in the nature of, a proposition; considered as a proposition; as, a <i>propositional</i> sense.</def> <i>I. Watts.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*pound"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Propounded</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Propounding</u>.] [From earlier <i>propone</i>, L. <i>proponere</i>, <i>propositum</i>, to set forth, propose, propound; <i>pro</i> for, before + <i>ponere</i> to put. See <u>Position</u>, and cf. <u>Provost</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To offer for consideration; to exhibit; to propose; as, to <i>propound</i> a question; to <i>propound</i> an argument.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>And darest thou to the Son of God <i>propound</i><BR> To worship thee, accursed?</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>It is strange folly to set ourselves no mark, to <i>propound</i> no end, in the hearing of the gospel.</blockquote> <i>Coleridge.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Eccl.)</i> <def>To propose or name as a candidate for admission to communion with a church.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*pound"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who propounds, proposes, or offers for consideration.</def> <i>Chillingworth.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*pre"tor</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>propraetor</i>; <i>pro</i> for, before + <i>praetor</i> a pretor.] <i>(Rom. Antiq.)</i> <def>A magistrate who, having been pretor at home, was appointed to the government of a province.</def> [Written also <i>propr&aelig;tor</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Pro*pri"e*ta*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Proprietaries</b></plw> (#). [L. <i>proprietarius</i>: cf. F. <i>propri&eacute;taire</i>. See <u>Propriety</u>, and cf. <u>Proprietor</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A proprietor or owner; one who has exclusive title to a thing; one who possesses, or holds the title to, a thing in his own right.</def> <i>Fuller.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A body proprietors, taken collectively.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Eccl.)</i> <def>A monk who had reserved goods and effects to himself, notwithstanding his renunciation of all at the time of profession.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*pri"e*ta*ry</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>proprietarius</i>.] <def>Belonging, or pertaining, to a proprietor; considered as property; owned; as, <i>proprietary</i> medicine.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Proprietary articles</b></col>, <cd>manufactured articles which some person or persons have exclusive right to make and sell.</cd> <i>U. S. Statutes.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*pri"e*tor</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [For older <i>proprietary</i>: cf. F. <i>propri&eacute;tarie</i>.] <def>One who has the legal right or exclusive title to anything, whether in possession or not; an owner; as, the proprietor of farm or of a mill.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*pri`e*to"ri*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to ownership; proprietary; as, <i>proprietorial</i> rights.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*pri"e*tor*ship</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The state of being proprietor; ownership.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*pri"e*tress</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A female proprietor.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*pri"e*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Proprieties</b></plw> (#). [F. <i>propri&eacute;t&eacute;</i>, L. <i>proprietas</i>, fr. <i>proprius</i> one's own, proper. See <u>Property</u>, <u>Proper</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Individual right to hold property; ownership by personal title; property.</def> [Obs.] "Onles this <i>propriety</i> be exiled." <i>Robynson (More's Utopia).</i></p>

<p><blockquote>So are the <i>proprieties</i> of a wife to be disposed of by her lord, and yet all are for her provisions, it being a part of his need to refresh and supply hers.</blockquote> <i>Jer. Taylor.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>That which is proper or peculiar; an inherent property or quality; peculiarity.</def> [Obs.] <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>We find no mention hereof in ancient zo&ouml;graphers, . . . who seldom forget <i>proprieties</i> of such a nature.</blockquote> <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>The quality or state of being proper; suitableness to an acknowledged or correct standard or rule; consonance with established principles, rules, or customs; fitness; appropriateness; as, <i>propriety</i> of behavior, language, manners, etc.</def> "The rule of <i>propriety</i>," <i>Locke.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*proc"tor</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>pro-</i> + <i>proctor</i>.] [Eng. Univ.] <def>A assistant proctor.</def> <i>Hook.</i></p>

<p><hw>Props</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> <def>A game of chance, in which four sea shells, each called a <i>prop</i>, are used instead of dice.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Prop`te*ryg"i*um</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Propterygia</b></plw> (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; before + &?; a fin.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>The anterior of three principal cartilages in the fins of some fishes.</def> — <wf>Prop`ter*yg"i*al</wf> (#), <pos><i>a.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Pro*pugn"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [L. <i>propugnare</i>; <i>pro</i> for + <i>pugnare</i> to fight.] <def>To contend for; to defend; to vindicate.</def> [Obs.] <i>Hammond.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*pug"na*cle</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>propugnaculum</i>.] <def>A fortress.</def> [Obs.] <i>Howell.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro`pug*na"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>propugnatio</i>.] <def>Means of defense; defense.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*pugn"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A defender; a vindicator.</def> "Zealous <i>propugners</i>." <i>Gov. of Tongue.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro`pul*sa"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>propulsatio</i>. See <u>Propulse</u>.] <def>The act of driving away or repelling; a keeping at a distance.</def> [Obs.] <i>Bp. Hall.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*pulse"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [L. <i>propulsare</i>, v. intens. from <i>propellere</i> to propel. See <u>Propel</u>.] <def>To repel; to drive off or away.</def> [Obs.] <i>Cotgrave.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*pul"sion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>propulsion</i>. See <u>Propel</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act driving forward or away; the act or process of propelling; as, steam <i>propulsion</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>An impelling act or movement.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>God works in all things; all obey<BR> His first <i>propulsion</i>.</blockquote> <i>Whittier.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*pul"sive</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Tending, or having power, to propel; driving on; urging.</def> "[The] <i>propulsive</i> movement of the verse." <i>Coleridge.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*pul"so*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Propulsive.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro"pyl</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Prop</i>ionic + <i>- yl</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>The hypothetical radical C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>7</sub>, regarded as the essential residue of propane and related compounds.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Prop`y*l&aelig;"um</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Propyl&aelig;a</b></plw> (#). [L., fr. Gr. &?;; &?; before + &?; a gate.] <i>(Anc. Classical Arch.)</i> <def>Any court or vestibule before a building or leading into any inclosure.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro"pyl*ene</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>propyl&egrave;ne</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A colorless gaseous hydrocarbon (C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>6</sub>) of the ethylene series, having a garlic odor. It occurs in coal gas, and is produced artificially in various ways. Called also <i>propene</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*pyl"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Pertaining to, derived from, or containing, propyl; as, <i>propylic</i> alcohol.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*pyl"i*dene</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>See <u>Propidene</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Prop"y*lon</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Propyla</b></plw> (#). [NL., from Gr. &?;; &?; before + &?; a gate.] <i>(Anc. Arch.)</i> <def>The porch, vestibule, or entrance of an edifice.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pro` ra"ta</hw> (?). [L.] <def>In proportion; proportionately; according to the share, interest, or liability of each.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*rat"a*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Capable of being prorated, or divided proportionately.</def> [U.S.]</p>

<p><hw>Pro*rate"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Prorated</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Prorating</u>.] [From L. <i>pro rata</i> (sc. <i>parte</i>) according to a certain part, in proportion.] <def>To divide or distribute proportionally; to assess <i>pro rata</i>.</def> [U.S.]</p>

<p><hw>Prore</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>prora</i>, Gr. &?;: cf. It. & Sp. <i>prora</i>. See <u>Prow</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <def>The prow or fore part of a ship.</def> [Poetic] "Galleys with vermilion <i>prores</i>." <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*rec"tor</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Pro- </u>, and <u>Rector</u>.] <def>An officer who presides over the academic senate of a German university.</def> <i>Heyse.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*rec"tor*ate</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The office of prorector.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*re"nal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>pro-</i> + <i>renal</i>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Pronephric.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*rep"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>prorepere</i>, <i>proreptum</i>, to creep forth; <i>pro + repere</i>.] <def>A creeping on.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*rhi"nal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>pro-</i> + <i>rhinal</i>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Situated in front of the nasal chambers.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro"ro*gate</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To prorogue.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Pro`ro*ga"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>prorogatio</i>: cf. F. <i>prorogation</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of counting in duration; prolongation.</def> [Obs.] <i>South.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The act of proroguing; the ending of the session of Parliament, and postponing of its business, by the command of the sovereign.</def> [Eng.]</p>

<p>&fist; After an adjournment all things continue as they were at the adjournment; whereas, after a <i>prorogation</i>, bill introduced and nut passed are as if they had never been begun at all. <i>Mozley & W.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*rogue"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Prorogued</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Proroguing</u> (?).] [F. <i>proroger</i>, L. <i>prorogare</i>, <i>prorogatum</i>; <i>pro</i> forward + <i>rogare</i> to ask, to ask one for his opinion or vote, or about a law. See <u>Rogation</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To protract; to prolong; to extend.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>He <i>prorogued</i> his government.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To defer; to delay; to postpone; as, to <i>prorogue</i>death; to <i>prorogue</i> a marriage.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To end the session of a parliament by an order of the sovereign, thus deferring its business.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Parliament was <i>prorogued</i> to [meet at] Westminster.</blockquote> <i>Bp. Hall.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The Parliament was again <i>prorogued</i> to a distant day.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — To adjourn; postpone; defer. See <u>Adjourn</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Pro*rup"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>proruptio</i>, fr. <i>prorumpere</i>, <i>proruptum</i>, to break forth; <i>pro</i> forth + <i>rumpere</i> to break.] <def>The act or state of bursting forth; a bursting out.</def> [R.] <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pro*sa"ic</hw> (?), <hw>Pro*sa"ic*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>prosaius</i>, from <i>prosa</i> prose: cf. F,. <i>prosa&iuml;que</i>. See <u>Prose</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Of or pertaining to prose; resembling prose; in the form of prose; unpoetical; writing or using prose; as, a <i>prosaic</i> composition.</def> <i>Cudworth.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Dull; uninteresting; commonplace; unimaginative; prosy; as, a <i>prosaic</i> person.</def> <i>Ed. Rev.</i></p>

<p>— <wf>Pro*sa"ic*al*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Pro*sa"ic*al*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Pro*sa"i*cism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality or state of being prosaic; a prosaic manner or style.</def> [R.] <i>Poe.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro"sa*ism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>That which is in the form of prose writing; a prosaic manner.</def> <i>Coleridge.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro"sa*ist</hw> (?; 277), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A writer of prose; an unpoetical writer.</def> "An estimable <i>prosaist</i>." <i>I. Taylor.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro"sal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to prose; prosaic.</def> [R.] <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*sce"ni*um</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Proscenia</b></plw> (#). [L., fr. Gr. &?;; &?; before + &?; a tent, a wooden stage, the stage. See <u>Scene</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Anc. Theater)</i> <def>The part where the actors performed; the stage.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Modern Theater)</i> <def>The part of the stage in front of the curtain; sometimes, the curtain and its framework.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pro*sco"lex</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Proscolices</b></plw> (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; before + &?;, &?;, a worm.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>An early larval form of a trematode worm; a redia. See <u>Redia</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*scribe"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Proscribed</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Proscribing</u>.] [L. <i>proscribere</i>, <i>proscriptum</i>, to write before, to publish, proscribe; <i>pro</i> before + <i>scribere</i> to write. See <u>Scribe</u>. The sense of this word originated in the Roman practice of writing the names of persons doomed to death, and posting the list in public.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To doom to destruction; to put out of the protection of law; to outlaw; to exile; as, Sylla and Marius <i>proscribed</i> each other's adherents.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Robert Vere, Earl of Oxford, . . . was banished the realm, and <i>proscribed</i>.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To denounce and condemn; to interdict; to prohibit; as, the Puritans <i>proscribed</i> theaters.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The Arian doctrines were <i>proscribed</i> and anathematized in the famous Council of Nice.</blockquote> <i>Waterland.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*scrib"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who, or that which, proscribes, denounces, or prohibits.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro"script</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Proscribe</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A proscription; a prohibition; an interdict.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>One who is proscribed.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Pro*scrip"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>proscriptio</i>: cf. F. <i>proscription</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of proscribing; a dooming to death or exile; outlawry; specifically, among the ancient Romans, the public offer of a reward for the head of a political enemy; as, under the triumvirate, many of the best Roman citizens fell by <i>proscription</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Every victory by either party had been followed by a sanguinary <i>proscription</i>.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The state of being proscribed; denunciation; interdiction; prohibition.</def> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*scrip"tion*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Proscriptive.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*scrip"tion*ist</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who proscribes.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*scrip"tive</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to proscription; consisting in, or of the nature of, proscription; proscribing.</def> <i>Burke.</i> — <wf>Pro*scrip"tive*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Prose</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>prose</i>, L. <i>prosa</i>, fr. <i>prorsus</i>, <i>prosus</i>, straight forward, straight on, for <i>proversus</i>; <i>pro</i> forward + <i>versus</i>, p. p. of <i>vertere</i> to turn. See <u>Verse</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The ordinary language of men in speaking or writing; language not cast in poetical measure or rhythm; — contradistinguished from <i>verse</i>, or <i>metrical composition</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I speak in <i>prose</i>, and let him rymes make.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Things unattempted yet in <i>prose</i> or rhyme.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>I wish our clever young poets would remember my homely definitions of <i>prose</i> and poetry, that is; <i>prose</i> — words in their best order; poetry — the best order.</blockquote> <i>Coleridge.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Hence, language which evinces little imagination or animation; dull and commonplace discourse.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(R. C. Ch.)</i> <def>A hymn with no regular meter, sometimes introduced into the Mass. See <u>Sequence</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prose</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Pertaining to, or composed of, prose; not in verse; as, <i>prose</i> composition.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Possessing or exhibiting unpoetical characteristics; plain; dull; prosaic; as, the <i>prose</i> duties of life.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prose</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Prosed</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Prosing</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To write in prose.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To write or repeat in a dull, tedious, or prosy way.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prose</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To write prose.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Prosing</i> or versing, but chiefly this latter.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*sec"tor</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., an anatomist, from <i>prosecare</i> to cut up; <i>pro</i> before + <i>secare</i> to cut.] <def>One who makes dissections for anatomical illustration; usually, the assistant of a professional anatomist.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pros"e*cu`ta*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Capable of being prosecuted; liable to prosecution.</def></p>

<p><! p. 1151 !></p>

<p><hw>Pros"e*cute</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Prosecuted</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Prosecuting</u>.] [L. <i>prosecutus</i>, p. p. of <i>prosequi</i> to follow, pursue. See <u>Pursue</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To follow or pursue with a view to reach, execute, or accomplish; to endeavor to obtain or complete; to carry on; to continue; as, to <i>prosecute</i> a scheme, hope, or claim.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I am beloved Hermia;<BR> Why should not I, then, <i>prosecute</i> my right ?</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To seek to obtain by legal process; as, to <i>prosecute</i> a right or a claim in a court of law.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Law)</i> <def>To pursue with the intention of punishing; to accuse of some crime or breach of law, or to pursue for redress or punishment, before a legal tribunal; to proceed against judicially; as, to <i>prosecute</i> a man for trespass, or for a riot.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>To acquit themselves and <i>prosecute</i> their foes.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pros"e*cute</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To follow after.</def> [Obs.] <i>Latimer.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Law)</i> <def>To institute and carry on a legal prosecution; as, to <i>prosecute</i> for public offenses.</def> <i>Blackstone.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pros`e*cu"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>prosecutio</i> a following.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act or process of prosecuting, or of endeavoring to gain or accomplish something; pursuit by efforts of body or mind; as, the <i>prosecution</i> of a scheme, plan, design, or undertaking; the <i>prosecution</i> of war.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Keeping a sharp eye on her domestics . . . in <i>prosecution</i> of their various duties.</blockquote> <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Law)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The institution and carrying on of a suit in a court of law or equity, to obtain some right, or to redress and punish some wrong; the carrying on of a judicial proceeding in behalf of a <i>complaining</i> party, as distinguished from <i>defense</i>.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The institution, or commencement, and continuance of a criminal suit; the process of exhibiting formal charges against an offender before a legal tribunal, and pursuing them to final judgment on behalf of the state or government, as by indictment or information.</def> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <def>The party by whom criminal proceedings are instituted.</def> <i>Blackstone. Burrill. Mozley & W.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pros"e*cu`tor</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. L. <i>prosecutor</i> an attendant.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who prosecutes or carries on any purpose, plan, or business.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Law)</i> <def>The person who institutes and carries on a criminal suit against another in the name of the government.</def> <i>Blackstone.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pros"e*cu`trix</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL.] <def>A female prosecutor.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pros"e*lyte</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>proselite</i>, OF. <i>proselite</i>, F. <i>proselytus</i>, Gr. &?;, adj., that has come, n., a new comer, especially, one who has come over from heathenism to the Jewish religion; &?; toward, to + (prob.) the root of &?; to come.] <def>A new convert especially a convert to some religion or religious sect, or to some particular opinion, system, or party; thus, a Gentile converted to Judaism, or a pagan converted to Christianity, is a <i>proselyte</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Ye [Scribes and Pharisees] compass sea and land to make one <i>proselyte</i>.</blockquote> <i>Matt. xxiii. 15.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Fresh confidence the speculatist takes<BR> From every harebrained <i>proselyte</i> he makes.</blockquote> <i>Cowper.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — See <u>Convert</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Pros"e*lyte</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Proselyted</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Proselyting</u>.] <def>To convert to some religion, opinion, or system; to bring over.</def> <i>Dr. H. More.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pros"e*ly*tism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>pros&eacute;lytisme</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act or practice of proselyting; the making of converts to a religion or a religious sect, or to any opinion, system, or party.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>They were possessed of a spirit of <i>proselytism</i> in the most fanatical degree.</blockquote> <i>Burke.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Conversion to a religion, system, or party.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pros"e*ly*tize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>proselytized</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Proselytizing</u> (?).] <def>To convert to some religion, system, opinion, or the like; to bring, or cause to come, over; to proselyte.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>One of those whom they endeavor to <i>proselytize</i>.</blockquote> <i>Burke.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pros"e*ly*tize</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To make converts or proselytes.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pros"e*ly*ti`zer</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who proselytes.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prose"man</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A writer of prose.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Pro*sem"i*na*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A seminary which prepares pupils for a higher institution.</def> <i>T. Warton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*sem`i*na"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>proseminare</i>, <i>proseminatum</i>, to disseminate.] <def>Propagation by seed.</def> [Obs.] <i>Sir M. Hale.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pros*en`ce*phal"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to the prosencephalon.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pros`en*ceph"a*lon</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?; toward, near to + E. <i>encephalon</i>.] [Sometimes abbreviated to proen.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The anterior segment of the brain, including the cerebrum and olfactory lobes; the forebrain.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The cerebrum.</def> <i>Huxley.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pros*en"chy*ma</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?; near + <i>-enchyma</i>, as in <i>parenchyma</i>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A general term applied to the tissues formed of elongated cells, especially those with pointed or oblique extremities, as the principal cells of ordinary wood.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pros"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A writer of prose.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>One who talks or writes tediously.</def> <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*sil"i*en*cy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>prosilere</i> to leap forth.] <def>The act of leaping forth or forward; projection.</def> "Such <i>prosiliency</i> of relief." <i>Coleridge.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pros"i*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a prosy manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pros`i*met"ric*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Prose</i> + <i>metrical</i>.] <def>Consisting both of prose and verse.</def> <i>Clarke.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Pro*sim"i*&aelig;</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Pro-</u>. and <u>Simia</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Lemuroidea</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pros"i*ness</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality or state of being prosy; tediousness; tiresomeness.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pros"ing</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Writing prose; speaking or writing in a tedious or prosy manner.</def> <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pros"ing*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>Prosily.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*si"phon</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>pro-</i> for + <i>siphon</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A minute tube found in the protoconch of ammonites, and not connected with the true siphon.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*slav"er*y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>pro-</i> + <i>slavery</i>.] <def>Favoring slavery.</def> — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Advocacy of slavery.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pros"o*branch</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of the Prosobranchiata.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pros`o*bran`chi*a"ta</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?; forward, further + &?; a gill.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The highest division, or subclass, of gastropod mollusks, including those that have the gills situated anteriorly, or forward of the heart, and the sexes separate.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pros"o*c&oelig;le</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; forward + &?; hollow.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>The entire cavity of the prosencephalon.</def> <i>B. G. Wilder.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Pros`o*c&oelig;"li*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Prosoc&oelig;lle</b></plw> (#), [NL.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Prosoc&oelig;le</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pros`o*di"a*cal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Prosodical.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pros`o*di"a*cal*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>Prosodically.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*so"di*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Prosodical.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*so"di*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A prosodist.</def> <i>Rush.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*sod"ic*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>prosodique</i>, L. <i>prosodiacus</i>.] <def>Of or pertaining to prosody; according to the rules of prosody.</def> — <wf>Pro*sod"ic*al*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Pros"o*dist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One skilled in prosody.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pros"o*dy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>prosodia</i> the tone or accent of a syllable, Gr. &?; a song sung to, or with, an accompanying song, the accent accompanying the pronunciation; &?; to + &?; song, ode: cf. F. <i>prosodie</i>. See <u>Ode</u>.] <def>That part of grammar which treats of the quantity of syllables, of accent, and of the laws of versification or metrical composition.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pro*so"ma</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Prosomata</b></plw>. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; before + &?;, &?;, body.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The anterior of the body of an animal, as of a cephalopod; the thorax of an arthropod.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pros`o*pal"gi*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?; face + &?; pain.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Facial neuralgia.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pros`o*po*ceph`a*la</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. <grk>pro`swpon</grk> face, appearance + &?; head.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Scaphopoda</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pros`o*po*lep"sy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;; <grk>pro`swpon</grk> a face, a person + &?; a taking, receiving, &?; to take.] <def>Respect of persons; especially, a premature opinion or prejudice against a person, formed from his external appearance.</def> [R.] <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Pros`o*po*p&oelig;"ia</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., fr. Gr. &?;; <grk>pro`swpon</grk> a face, a person + &?; to make.] <i>(Rhet.)</i> <def>A figure by which things are represented as persons, or by which things inanimate are spoken of as animated beings; also, a figure by which an absent person is introduced as speaking, or a deceased person is represented as alive and present. It includes <i>personification</i>, but is more extensive in its signification.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pros`o*pul`mo*na"ta</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?; forward + L. <i>pulmo</i> a lung.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A division of pulmonate mollusks having the breathing organ situated on the neck, as in the common snail.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pros"pect</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>prospectus</i>, fr. <i>prospicere</i>, <i>prospectum</i>, to look forward; <i>pro</i> before, forward + <i>specere</i>, <i>spicere</i>, look, to see: cf. OF. <i>prospect</i>. See <u>Spy</u>, <pos><i>v.</i></pos>, and cf. <u>Prospectus</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>That which is embraced by eye in vision; the region which the eye overlooks at one time; view; scene; outlook.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>His eye discovers unaware<BR> The goodly <i>prospect</i> of some foreign land.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Especially, a picturesque or widely extended view; a landscape; hence, a sketch of a landscape.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I went to Putney . . . to take <i>prospects</i> in crayon.</blockquote> <i>Evelyn.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A position affording a fine view; a lookout.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Him God beholding from his <i>prospect</i> high.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Relative position of the front of a building or other structure; face; relative aspect.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>And their <i>prospect</i> was toward the south.</blockquote> <i>Ezek. xl. 44.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>The act of looking forward; foresight; anticipation; as, a <i>prospect</i> of the future state.</def> <i>Locke.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Is he a prudent man as to his temporal estate, that lays designs only for a day, without any <i>prospect</i> to, or provision for, the remaining part of life ?</blockquote> <i>Tillotson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>That which is hoped for; ground for hope or expectation; expectation; probable result; as, the <i>prospect</i> of success.</def> "To brighter <i>prospects</i> born." <i>Cowper.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>These swell their <i>prospects</i>d exalt their pride,<BR> When offers are disdain'd, and love deny'd.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pros"pect</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Prospected</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Prospecting</u>.] <def>To look over; to explore or examine for something; as, to <i>prospect</i> a district for gold.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pros"pect</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To make a search; to seek; to explore, as for mines or the like; as, to <i>prospect</i> for gold.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*spec"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The act of looking forward, or of providing for future wants; foresight.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*spec"tive</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>prospectivus</i>: cf. F. <i>prospectif</i>. See <u>Prospect</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Of or pertaining to a prospect; furnishing a prospect; perspective.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Time's long and dark <i>prospective</i> glass.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Looking forward in time; acting with foresight; — opposed to <i>retrospective</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The French king of Sweden are circumspect, industrious, and <i>prospective</i>, too, in this affair.</blockquote> <i>Sir J. Child.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Being within view or consideration, as a future event or contingency; relating to the future: expected; as, a <i>prospective</i> benefit.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Points on which the promises, at the time of ordination, had no <i>prospective</i> bearing.</blockquote> <i>W. Jay.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*spec"tive</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The scene before or around, in time or in space; view; prospect.</def> <i>Sir H. Wotton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A perspective glass.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer. Beau. & Fl.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*spec"tive*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a prospective manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*spec"tive*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Quality of being prospective.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pros"pect*less</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having no prospect.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pros"pect*or</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., one who looks out.] <def>One who prospects; especially, one who explores a region for minerals and precious metals.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*spec"tus</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., a prospect, sight, view: cf. F. <i>prospectus</i>. See <u>Prospect</u>.] <def>A summary, plan, or scheme of something proposed, affording a prospect of its nature; especially, an exposition of the scheme of an unpublished literary work.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pros"per</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Prospered</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Prospering</u>.] [F. <i>prosp&eacute;rer</i> v. i., or L. <i>prosperare</i>, v. i., or L. <i>prosperare</i>, v. t., fr. <i>prosper or prosperus</i>. See <u>Prosperous</u>.] <def>To favor; to render successful.</def> "<i>Prosper</i> thou our handiwork." <i>Bk. of Common Prayer.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>All things concur to<i>prosper</i> our design.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pros"per</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To be successful; to succeed; to be fortunate or prosperous; to thrive; to make gain.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>They, in their earthly Canaan placed,<BR> Long time shall dwell and <i>prosper</i>.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To grow; to increase.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Black cherry trees <i>prosper</i> even to considerable timber.</blockquote> <i>Evelyn.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pros*per"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>prosp&eacute;rit&eacute;</i>, L. <i>prosperitas</i>. See <u>Prosperous</u>.] <def>The state of being prosperous; advance or gain in anything good or desirable; successful progress in any business or enterprise; attainment of the object desired; good fortune; success; as, commercial <i>prosperity</i>; national <i>prosperity</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Now <i>prosperity</i> begins to mellow.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Prosperities</i> can only be enjoyed by them who fear not at all to lose them.</blockquote> <i> Jer. Taylor.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Prosperousness; thrift; weal; welfare; well being; happiness.</p>

<p><hw>Pros"per*ous</hw> (&?;), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>prosperus</i> or <i>prosper</i>, originally, answering to hope; <i>pro</i> according to + the root of <i>sperare</i> to hope. See <u>Despair</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Tending to prosperity; favoring; favorable; helpful.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A happy passage and a <i>prosperous</i> wind.</blockquote> <i>Denham.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Being prospered; advancing in the pursuit of anything desirable; making gain, or increase; thriving; successful; as, a <i>prosperous</i> voyage; a <i>prosperous</i> undertaking; a <i>prosperous</i> man or nation.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>By moderation either state to bear<BR> <i>Prosperous</i> or adverse.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Fortunate; successful; flourishing; thriving; favorable; auspicious; lucky. See <u>Fortunate</u>.</p>

<p>— <wf>Pros"per*ous*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Pros"per*ous*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>||Pros"phy*sis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?;; &?; to + &?; to grow.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>A growing together of parts; specifically, a morbid adhesion of the eyelids to each other or to the eyeball.</def> <i>Dunglison.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*spi"cience</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>prospicientia</i>, fr. <i>prospiciens</i>, p. pr. of <i>prospicere</i>. See <u>Prospect</u>.] <def>The act of looking forward.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pros"tate</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos>[Gr. &?; standing before, fr. &?; to set before; &?; before + &?; to set: cf. F. <i>prostate</i>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Standing before; — applied to a gland which is found in the males of most mammals, and is situated at the neck of the bladder where this joins the urethra.</def> — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The prostate gland.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*stat"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to the prostate gland.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Prostatic catheter</b></col>. <i>(Med.)</i> <cd>See under <u>Catheter</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>||Pros`ta*ti"tis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Prostate</u>, and <u>-itis</u>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Inflammation of the prostate.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pros`ter*na"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. See <u>Prostration</u>.] <def>Dejection; depression.</def> [Obs.] <i>Wiseman.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*ster"num</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Pro- </u> and <u>Sternum</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The ventral plate of the prothorax of an insect.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pros"the*sis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., fr. Gr. &?; an addition, fr. &?; to put to, to add; &?; to + &?; to put, place.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Surg.)</i> <def>The addition to the human body of some artificial part, to replace one that is wanting, as a log or an eye; — called also <i>prothesis</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Gram.)</i> <def>The prefixing of one or more letters to the beginning of a word, as in <i>be</i>loved.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pros*thet"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. Gr. &?; disposed to add, &?; put on.] <def>Of or pertaining to prosthesis; prefixed, as a letter or letters to a word.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pros*tib"u*lous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>prostibulum</i> prostitute.] <def>Of or pertaining to prostitutes or prostitution; meretricious.</def> [Obs.] <i>Bale.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pros"ti*tute</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Prostituted</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Prostituting</u>.] [L. <i>prostitutus</i>, p. p. of <i>prostituere</i> to prostitute; <i>pro</i> before, forth + <i>statuere</i> to put, place. See <u>Statute</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To offer, as a woman, to a lewd use; to give up to lewdness for hire.</def> "Do not <i>prostitute</i> thy daughter." <i>Lev. xix. 29. </i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To devote to base or unworthy purposes; to give up to low or indiscriminate use; as, to <i>prostitute</i> talents; to <i>prostitute</i> official powers.</def> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pros"ti*tute</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>prostitutus</i>, p. p.] <def>Openly given up to lewdness; devoted to base or infamous purposes.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Made bold by want, and <i>prostitute</i> for bread.</blockquote> <i>Prior</i></p>

<p><hw>Pros"ti*tute</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>prostituta</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A woman giver to indiscriminate lewdness; a strumpet; a harlot.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A base hireling; a mercenary; one who offers himself to infamous employments for hire.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>No hireling she, no <i>prostitute</i> to praise.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pros`ti*tu"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>prostitutio</i>: cf. F. <i>prostitution</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act or practice of prostituting or offering the body to an indiscriminate intercourse with men; common lewdness of a woman.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The act of setting one's self to sale, or of devoting to infamous purposes what is in one's power; as, the <i>prostitution</i> of abilities; the <i>prostitution</i> of the press.</def> "Mental <i>prostitution</i>." <i>Byron.</i></p>

<p><! p. 1152 !></p>

<p><hw>Pros"ti*tu`tor</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L.] <def>One who prostitutes; one who submits himself, of or offers another, to vile purposes.</def> <i>Bp. Hurd.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Pro*sto"mi*um</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Prostomia</b></plw> (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; before + &?;, &?;, mouth.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>That portion of the head of an annelid situated in front of the mouth.</def> — <wf>Pro*sto"mi*al</wf> (#), <pos><i>a.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Pros"trate</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>prostratus</i>, p. p. of <i>prosternere</i> to prostrate; <i>pro</i> before, forward + <i>sternere</i> to spread out, throw down. See <u>Stratum</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Lying at length, or with the body extended on the ground or other surface; stretched out; as, to sleep <i>prostrate</i>.</def> <i>Elyot.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Groveling and <i>prostrate</i> on yon lake of fire.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Lying at mercy, as a supplicant.</def> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Lying in a humble, lowly, or suppliant posture.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Prostrate fall<BR> Before him reverent, and there confess<BR> Humbly our faults.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Trailing on the ground; procumbent.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pros"trate</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Prostrated</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Prostrating</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To lay fiat; to throw down; to level; to fell; as, to <i>prostrate</i> the body; to <i>prostrate</i> trees or plants.</def> <i>Evelyn.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>to overthrow; to demolish; to destroy; to deprive of efficiency; to ruin; as, to <i>prostrate</i> a village; to <i>prostrate</i> a government; to <i>prostrate</i> law or justice.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To throw down, or cause to fall in humility or adoration; to cause to bow in humble reverence; used reflexively; as, he <i>prostrated</i> himself.</def> <i>Milman.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To cause to sink totally; to deprive of strength; to reduce; as, a person <i>prostrated</i> by fever.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pros*tra"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>prostratio</i>: cf. F. <i>prostration</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of prostrating, throwing down, or laying fiat; as, the <i>prostration</i> of the body.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The act of falling down, or of bowing in humility or adoration; primarily, the act of falling on the face, but usually applied to kneeling or bowing in reverence and worship.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A greater <i>prostration</i> of reason than of body.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>The condition of being prostrate; great depression; lowness; dejection; as, a <i>postration</i> of spirits.</def> "A sudden <i>prostration</i> of strength." <i>Arbuthnot.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>A latent, not an exhausted, state of the vital energies; great oppression of natural strength and vigor.</def></p>

<p>&fist; <i>Prostration</i>, in its medical use, is analogous to the state of a spring lying under such a weight that it is incapable of action; while <i>exhaustion</i> is analogous to the state of a spring deprived of its elastic powers. The word, however, is often used to denote any great depression of the vital powers.</p>

<p><hw>Pro"style</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>prostylus</i>, Gr. &?;; &?; before + &?; pillar, column: cf. F. <i>prostyle</i>.] <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>Having columns in front.</def> — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A prostyle portico or building.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pros"y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<pos><i>Compar.</i></pos> <u>Prosier</u> (?); <pos><i>superl.</i></pos> <u>Prosiest</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Of or pertaining to prose; like prose.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Dull and tedious in discourse or writing; prosaic.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*sy"lo*gism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>pro- </i> + <i>syllogism</i>.] <i>(Logic)</i> <def>A syllogism preliminary or logically essential to another syllogism; the conclusion of such a syllogism, which becomes a premise of the following syllogism.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*tac"tic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; placing or placed before, fr. &?; to place in front; &?; before + &?; to arrange.] <def>Giving a previous narrative or explanation, as of the plot or personages of a play; introductory.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro"ta*gon</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Proto-</i> + Gr. &?; a contest. See. <u>Protagonist</u>. So called because it was the first definitely ascertained principle of the brain.] <i>(Physiol. Chem.)</i> <def>A nitrogenous phosphorized principle found in brain tissue. By decomposition it yields neurine, fatty acids, and other bodies.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*tag"o*nist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;; <grk>prw^tos</grk> first + &?; an actor, combatant, fr. &?; a contest.] <def>One who takes the leading part in a drama; hence, one who takes lead in some great scene, enterprise, conflict, or the like.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Shakespeare, the <i>protagonist</i> on the great of modern poetry.</blockquote> <i>De Quincey.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro"ta*min</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>prw^tos</grk> first.] <i>(Physiol. Chem.)</i> <def>An amorphous nitrogenous substance found in the spermatic fluid of salmon. It is soluble in water, which an alkaline reaction, and unites with acids and metallic bases.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*tan"dric</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Proto-</i> + Gr. &?;, &?;, a man.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Having male sexual organs while young, and female organs later in life.</def> — <wf>Pro*tan"trism</wf> (#), <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Pro*tan"drous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Proterandrous.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Prot"a*sis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to stretch before, forward; &?; before + &?; to stretch.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A proposition; a maxim.</def> <i>Johnson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Gram.)</i> <def>The introductory or subordinate member of a sentence, generally of a conditional sentence; — opposed to <i>apodosis</i>. See <u>Apodosis</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>The first part of a drama, of a poem, or the like; the introduction; opposed to <i>epitasis</i>.</def> <i>B. Jonson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*tat"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;: cf. L. <i>protaticus</i>, F. <i>protatique</i>.] <def>Of or pertaining to the protasis of an ancient play; introductory.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro`te*a"ceous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [From <u>Proteus</u>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to the <i>Proteace&aelig;</i>, an order of apetalous evergreen shrubs, mostly natives of the Cape of Good Hope or of Australia.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro"te*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Of or pertaining to Proteus; characteristic of Proteus.</def> " <i>Protean</i> transformations." <i>Cudworth.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Exceedingly variable; readily assuming different shapes or forms; as, an am&oelig;ba is a <i>protean</i> animalcule.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro"te*an*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a protean manner.</def> <i>Cudworth.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*tect"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Protected</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Protecting</u>.] [L. <i>protectus</i>, p. p. of <i>protegere</i>, literally, to cover in front; <i>pro</i> before + <i>tegere</i> to cover. See <u>Tegument</u>.] <def>To cover or shield from danger or injury; to defend; to guard; to preserve in safety; as, a father <i>protects</i> his children.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The gods of Greece <i>protect</i> you!</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — To guard; shield; preserve. See <u>Defend</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Pro*tect"ing*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>By way of protection; in a protective manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*tec"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>protectio</i>: cf. F. <i>protection</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of protecting, or the state of being protected; preservation from loss, injury, or annoyance; defense; shelter; as, the weak need <i>protection</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>To your <i>protection</i> I commend me, gods.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>That which protects or preserves from injury; a defense; a shield; a refuge.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Let them rise up . . . and be your <i>protection</i>.</blockquote> <i>Deut. xxxii. 38.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A writing that protects or secures from molestation or arrest; a pass; a safe-conduct; a passport.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He . . . gave them <i>protections</i> under his hand.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Polit. Econ.)</i> <def>A theory, or a policy, of protecting the producers in a country from foreign competition in the home market by the imposition of such discriminating duties on goods of foreign production as will restrict or prevent their importation; — opposed to <i>free trade</i>.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Writ of protection</b></col>. <i>(Law)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>A writ by which the king formerly exempted a person from arrest; — now disused</cd>. [Eng.] <i>Blackstone.</i> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>A judicial writ issued to a person required to attend court, as party, juror, etc., intended to secure him from arrest in coming, staying, and returning.</cd></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Preservation; defense; guard; shelter; refuge; security; safety.</p>

<p><hw>Pro*tec"tion*ism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Polit. Econ.)</i> <def>The doctrine or policy of protectionists. See <u>Protection</u>, 4.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*tec"tion*ist</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Polit. Econ.)</i> <def>One who favors protection. See <u>Protection</u>, 4.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*tect"ive</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>protectif</i>.] <def>Affording protection; sheltering; defensive.</def> " The favor of a <i>protective</i> Providence." <i>Feltham.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Protective coloring</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>coloring which serves for the concealment and preservation of a living organism. Cf. <u>Mimicry</u>.</cd> <i>Wallace.</i> — <col><b>Protective tariff</b></col> <i>(Polit. Econ.)</i>, <cd>a tariff designed to secure protection (see <u>Protection</u>, 4.), as distinguished from a tariff designed to raise revenue. See <u>Tariff</u>, and <u>Protection</u>, 4.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pro*tect"ive*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality or state of being protective.</def> <i>W. Pater.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*tect"or</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L.: cf. F. <i>protecteur</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who, or that which, defends or shields from injury, evil, oppression, etc.; a defender; a guardian; a patron.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>For the world's <i>protector</i> shall be known.</blockquote> <i>Waller.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Eng. Hist.)</i> <def>One having the care of the kingdom during the king's minority; a regent.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Is it concluded he shall be <i>protector</i> !</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(R. C. Ch.)</i> <def>A cardinal, from one of the more considerable Roman Catholic nations, who looks after the interests of his people at Rome; also, a cardinal who has the same relation to a college, religious order, etc.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Lord Protector</b></col> <i>(Eng. Hist.)</i>, <cd>the title of Oliver Cromwell as supreme governor of the British Commonwealth (1653-1658).</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pro*tect"or*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to a protector; protectorial; as, <i>protectoral</i> power.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*tect"or*ate</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>protectorat</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Government by a protector; — applied especially to the government of England by Oliver Cromwell.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The authority assumed by a superior power over an inferior or a dependent one, whereby the former protects the latter from invasion and shares in the management of its affairs.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro`tec*to"ri*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. L. <i>protectorius</i>.] <def>Same as <u>Protectoral</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*tect"or*less</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having no protector; unprotected.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*tect"or*ship</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The office of a protector or regent; protectorate.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pro*tect"ress</hw> (?), <hw>Pro*tect"rix</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL. <i>protectrix</i>.] <def>A woman who protects.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>||Pro`t&eacute;`g&eacute;"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. m.</i></pos> <hw>||Pro`t&eacute;`g&eacute;e"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. f.</i></pos>} [F., p. p. of <i>prot&eacute;ger</i>. See <u>Protect</u>.] <def>One under the care and protection of another.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro"te*id</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>prw^tos</grk> first.] <i>(Physiol. Chem.)</i> <def>One of a class of amorphous nitrogenous principles, containing, as a rule, a small amount of sulphur; an albuminoid, as blood fibrin, casein of milk, etc. Proteids are present in nearly all animal fluids and make up the greater part of animal tissues and organs. They are also important constituents of vegetable tissues. See 2d Note under <u>Food</u>.</def> — <wf>Pro"te*id</wf>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>||Pro`te*id"e*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Proteus</u>, and <u>-oid</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>An order of aquatic amphibians having prominent external gills and four legs. It includes Proteus and Menobranchus (<i>Necturus</i>). Called also <i>Proteoidea</i>, and <i>Proteida</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*te"i*form</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Changeable in form; resembling a Proteus, or an am&oelig;ba.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro"te*in</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>prw^tos</grk> first: cf. <grk>prwtei^on</grk> the first place.] <i>(Physiol. Chem.)</i> <def>A body now known as alkali albumin, but originally considered to be the basis of all albuminous substances, whence its name.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Protein crystal</b></col>. <i>(Bot.)</i> <cd>See <u>Crystalloid</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, 2.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pro`te*i*na"*ceous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Physiol. Chem.)</i> <def>Of or related to protein; albuminous; proteid.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*te"i*nous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Proteinaceuos.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro"te*les</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A South Africa genus of Carnivora, allied to the hyenas, but smaller and having weaker jaws and teeth. It includes the aard-wolf.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*tend"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Protended</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Protending</u>.] [L. <i>protendere</i>, <i>protensum</i>; <i>pro</i> before, forth + <i>tendere</i> to stretch.] <def>To hold out; to stretch forth.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>With his <i>protended</i> lance he makes defence.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*tense"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Protend</u>.] <def>Extension.</def>[Obs.] " By due degrees and long <i>protense</i>." <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*ten"sion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>protensio</i>.] <def>A drawing out; extension.</def> [R.] <i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*ten"sive</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Drawn out; extended.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Time is a <i>protensive</i> quantity.</blockquote> <i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Pro`te*ol"y*sis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Proteolytic</u>.] <i>(Physiol. Chem.)</i> <def>The digestion or dissolving of proteid matter by proteolytic ferments.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro`te*o*lyt"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Proteid</i> + Gr. &?; to loose.] <i>(Physiol.)</i> <def>Converting proteid or albuminous matter into soluble and diffusible products, as peptones.</def> " The <i>proteolytic</i> ferment of the pancreas." <i>Foster.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro`ter*an"drous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; earlier (fr. &?; before) + &?;, &?;, man, male.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Having the stamens come to maturity before the pistil; — opposed to <i>proterogynous</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro`ter*an"dry</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The condition of being proterandrous.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro`ter*an"thous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; earlier (fr. &?; before) + &?; flower.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Having flowers appearing before the leaves; — said of certain plants.</def> <i>Gray.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro`te*rog"ly*pha</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?; before + &?; to carve.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A suborder of serpents including those that have permanently erect grooved poison fangs, with ordinary teeth behind them in the jaws. It includes the cobras, the asps, and the sea snakes. Called also <i>Proteroglyphia</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro`ter*og"y*nous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; earlier (fr. &?; before) + &?; woman, female.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Having the pistil come to maturity before the stamens; protogynous; — opposed to <i>proterandrous</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pro`te*ro*sau"rus</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., from Gr. &?; earlier (fr. &?; before) + &?; a lizard.] <i>(Paleon.)</i> <def>An extinct genus of reptiles of the Permian period. Called also <i>Protosaurus</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*ter"vi*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>protervitas</i>, from <i>protervus</i> violent.] <def>Peevishness; petulance.</def> [Obs.] <i>Fuller.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*test"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Protested</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Protesting</u>.] [F. <i>protester</i>, L. <i>protestari</i>, <i>pro</i> before + <i>testari</i> to be a witness, <i>testis</i> a witness. See <u>Testify</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To affirm in a public or formal manner; to bear witness; to declare solemnly; to avow.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He <i>protest</i> that his measures are pacific.</blockquote> <i>Landor.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The lady doth <i>protest</i> too much, methinks.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To make a solemn declaration (often a written one) expressive of opposition; — with <i>against</i>; as, he <i>protest</i> against your votes.</def> <i>Denham.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The conscience has power . . . to <i>protest</i> againts the exorbitancies of the passions.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — To affirm; asseverate; assert; aver; attest; testify; declare; profess. See <u>Affirm</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Pro*test"</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To make a solemn declaration or affirmation of; to proclaim; to display; as, to <i>protest</i> one's loyalty.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I will <i>protest</i> your cowardice.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To call as a witness in affirming or denying, or to prove an affirmation; to appeal to.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Fiercely [they] opposed<BR> My journey strange, with clamorous uproar<BR> <i>Protesting</i> fate supreme.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><col><b>To protest a bill or note</b></col> <i>(Law)</i>, <cd>to make a solemn written declaration, in due form, on behalf of the holder, against all parties liable for any loss or damage to be sustained by the nonacceptance or the nonpayment of the bill or note, as the case may be. This should be made by a notary public, whose seal it is the usual practice to affix.</cd> <i>Kent. Story.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro"test</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>prot&ecirc;t</i>, It. <i>protesto</i>. See <u>Protest</u>, <pos><i>v.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A solemn declaration of opinion, commonly a formal objection against some act; especially, a formal and solemn declaration, in writing, of dissent from the proceedings of a legislative body; as, the <i>protest</i> of lords in Parliament.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Law)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A solemn declaration in writing, in due form, made by a notary public, usually under his notarial seal, on behalf of the holder of a bill or note, protesting against all parties liable for any loss or damage by the nonacceptance or nonpayment of the bill, or by the nonpayment of the note, as the case may be.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A declaration made by the master of a vessel before a notary, consul, or other authorized officer, upon his arrival in port after a disaster, stating the particulars of it, and showing that any damage or loss sustained was not owing to the fault of the vessel, her officers or crew, but to the perils of the sea, etc., ads the case may be, and protesting against them.</def> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <def>A declaration made by a party, before or while paying a tax, duty, or the like, demanded of him, which he deems illegal, denying the justice of the demand, and asserting his rights and claims, in order to show that the payment was not voluntary.</def> <i>Story.</i> <i>Kent.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prot"es*tan*cy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Protestantism.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Prot"es*tant</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>protestant</i>, fr. L. <i>protestans</i>, <i>-antis</i>, p. pr. of <i>protestare</i>. See <u>Protest</u>, <pos><i>v.</i></pos>] <def>One who protests; — originally applied to those who adhered to Luther, and protested against, or made a solemn declaration of dissent from, a decree of the Emperor Charles V. and the Diet of Spires, in 1529, against the Reformers, and appealed to a general council; — now used in a popular sense to designate any Christian who does not belong to the Roman Catholic or the Greek Church.</def></p>

<p><! p. 1153 !></p>

<p><hw>Prot"es*tant</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>protestant</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Making a protest; protesting.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Of or pertaining to the faith and practice of those Christians who reject the authority of the Roman Catholic Church; as, <i>Protestant</i> writers.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prot`es*tant"ic*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Protestant.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Prot"es*tant*ism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>protestantisme</i>.] <def>The quality or state of being protestant, especially against the Roman Catholic Church; the principles or religion of the Protestants.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prot"es*tant*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>Like a Protestant; in conformity with Protestantism.</def> [R.] <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prot`es*ta"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>protestatio</i>: cf. F. <i>protestation</i>. See <u>Protest</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of making a protest; a public avowal; a solemn declaration, especially of dissent.</def> " The <i>protestation</i> of our faith." <i>Latimer.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Law)</i> <def>Formerly, a declaration in common-law pleading, by which the party interposes an oblique allegation or denial of some fact, protesting that it does or does not exist, and at the same time avoiding a direct affirmation or denial.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prot"es*ta`tor</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>protestateur</i>.] <def>One who makes protestation; a protester.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*test"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who protests; one who utters a solemn declaration.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Law)</i> <def>One who protests a bill of exchange, or note.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*test"ing*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>By way of protesting.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro"te*us</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., Gr. &?;.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Class. Myth.)</i> <def>A sea god in the service of Neptune who assumed different shapes at will. Hence, one who easily changes his appearance or principles.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A genus of aquatic eel-shaped amphibians found in caves in Austria. They have permanent external gills as well as lungs. The eyes are small and the legs are weak.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A changeable protozoan; an am&oelig;ba.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pro`tha*la"mi*on</hw> (?), <hw>Pro`tha*la"mi*um</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?; before + &?; chamber, especially, the bridal chamber.] <def>A song in celebration of a marriage.</def> <i>Drayton.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Pro*thal"li*um</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Prothallia</b></plw> (#). [NL.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Prothallus</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pro*thal"lus</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Prothalli</b></plw> (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; before + &?; a young shoot.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The minute primary growth from the spore of ferns and other <i>Pteridophyta</i>, which bears the true sexual organs; the o&ouml;phoric generation of ferns, etc.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Proth"e*sis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a placing in public, fr. &?; to set before; &?; before + &?; to set, put.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Eccl.)</i> <def>A credence table; — so called by the Eastern or Greek Church.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>See <u>Prosthesis</u>.</def> <i>Dunglison.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*thet"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;.] <def>Of or pertaining to prothesis; as, a <i>prothetic</i> apparatus.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pro*thon"o*ta*ry</hw> (?), or <hw>Pro*ton"o*ta*ry</hw> (?) }, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; pl> <plw><b>-ries</b></plw> (#). [LL. <i>protonotarius</i>, fr. Gr. <grk>prw^tos</grk> first + L. <i>notarius</i> a shorthand writer, a scribe: cf. F. <i>protonotaire</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A chief notary or clerk.</def> " My private <i>prothonotary</i>." <i>Herrick.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Formerly, a chief clerk in the Court of King's Bench and in the Court of Common Pleas, now superseded by the <i>master</i>.</def> [Eng.] <i>Wharton. Burrill.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A register or chief clerk of a court in certain States of the United States.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(R. C. Ch.)</i> <def>Formerly, one who had the charge of writing the acts of the martyrs, and the circumstances of their death; now, one of twelve persons, constituting a college in the Roman Curia, whose office is to register pontifical acts and to make and preserve the official record of beatifications.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <i>(Gr. Ch.)</i> <def>The chief secretary of the patriarch of Constantinople.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Prothonotary warbler</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a small American warbler (<i>Protonotaria citrea</i>). The general color is golden yellow, the back is olivaceous, the rump and tail are ash- color, several outer tail feathers are partly white.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pro*thon"o*ta*ry*ship</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Office of a prothonotary.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro`tho*rac"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to the prothorax.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*tho"rax</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Pref. <i>pro-</i> + <i>thorax</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The first or anterior segment of the thorax in insects. See <i>Illusts</i>. of <u>Butterfly</u> and <u>Coleoptera</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pro* thy`a*lo*so"ma</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Prothyalosomata</b></plw> (#). [NL., fr. Gr. <grk>prw^tos</grk> first + <grk>"y`alos</grk> glass + &?;, &?;, body.] <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>The investing portion, or spherical envelope, surrounding the eccentric germinal spot of the germinal vesicle.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*thy"a*lo*some</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Prothyalosoma</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro"tist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of the Protista.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pro*tis"ta</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. <grk>prw`tistos</grk> first.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A provisional group in which are placed a number of low microscopic organisms of doubtful nature. Some are probably plants, others animals.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pro*tis"ton</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Protista</b></plw> (#). [NL.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of the Protista.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro"to-</hw> (?). [Gr. <grk>prw^tos</grk> first, a superl. fr. <grk>pro`</grk> before. See <u>Pro-</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A combining form prefix signifying <i>first</i>, <i>primary</i>, <i>primordial</i>; as, <i>proto</i>martyr, the first martyr; <i>proto</i>morphic, primitive in form; <i>proto</i>plast, a primordial organism; <i>proto</i>type, <i>proto</i>zoan.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Chem.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>Denoting the <i>first</i> or <i>lowest of a series</i>, or the one having the <i>smallest amount</i> of the element to the name of which it is prefixed; as <i>prot</i>oxide, <i>proto</i>chloride, etc.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>Sometimes used as equivalent to <i>mono-</i>, as indicating that the compound has but <i>one atom</i> of the element to the name of which it is prefixed. Also used adjectively.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro`to*ca*non"ic*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to the first canon, or that which contains the authorized collection of the books of Scripture; — opposed to <i>deutero- canonical</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro`to*cat`e*chu"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Pertaining to, derived from, or designating, an organic acid which is obtained as a white crystalline substance from catechin, asafetida, oil of cloves, etc., and by distillation itself yields pyrocatechin.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro`to*cer"cal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Proto-</i> + Gr. &?; the tail.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Having a caudal fin extending around the end of the vertebral column, like that which is first formed in the embryo of fishes; diphycercal.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pro`to*coc"cus</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Proto-</u>, and <u>Coccus</u>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A genus of minute unicellular alg&aelig; including the red snow plant (<i>Protococcus nivalis</i>).</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro"to*col</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>protocole</i>, LL. <i>protocollum</i>, fr. Gr. &?; the first leaf glued to the rolls of papyrus and the notarial documents, on which the date was written; <grk>prw^tos</grk> the first (see <u>Proto-</u>) + &?; glue.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The original copy of any writing, as of a deed, treaty, dispatch, or other instrument.</def> <i>Burrill.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The minutes, or rough draught, of an instrument or transaction.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Diplomacy)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A preliminary document upon the basis of which negotiations are carried on.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A convention not formally ratified.</def> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <def>An agreement of diplomatists indicating the results reached by them at a particular stage of a negotiation.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro"to*col</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To make a protocol of.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro"to*col</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To make or write protocols, or first draughts; to issue protocols.</def> <i>Carlyle.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro"to*col`ist</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who draughts protocols.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro"to*conch</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Proto-</i> + <i>conch</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The embryonic shell, or first chamber, of ammonites and other cephalopods.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro`to-Dor*ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Proto-</i> + <i>Doric</i>.] <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, architecture, in which the beginnings of the Doric style are supposed to be found.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro"to*gine</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Proto-</i> + root of Gr. &?; to be born: cf. F. <i>protogyne</i>.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>A kind of granite or gneiss containing a silvery talcose mineral.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*tog"y*nous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Proto</i> + Gr. <grk>gynh`</grk> a woman.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Proterogynous</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pro`to*hip"pus</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., from Gr. &?; first + &?; horse.] <i>(Paleon.)</i> <def>A genus of fossil horses from the Lower Pliocene. They had three toes on each foot, the lateral ones being small.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro"to*mar`tyr</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [LL., fr. Gr. &?;; &?; first + &?; martyr: cf. F. <i>protomartyr</i>. See <u>Proto- </u>, and <u>Martyr</u>.] <def>The first martyr; the first who suffers, or is sacrificed, in any cause; — applied esp. to Stephen, the first Christian martyr.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro`to*mer"ite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Proto-</i> + <i>-mere</i> + <i>-ite</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The second segment of one of the Gregarin&aelig;.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro`to*mor"phic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Proto-</i> + Gr. &?; form.] <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>Having the most primitive character; in the earliest form; as, a <i>protomorphic</i> layer of tissue.</def> <i>H. Spencer.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Pro`to*ne"ma</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Protonemata</b></plw> (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; first + &?;, &?;, a thread.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The primary growth from the spore of a moss, usually consisting of branching confervoid filaments, on any part of which stem and leaf buds may be developed.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*ton"o*ta*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Prothonotary</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro`to*&ouml;r"gan*ism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Proto-</i> + <i>organism</i>.] <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>An organism whose nature is so difficult to determine that it might be referred to either the animal or the vegetable kingdom.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pro`to*pap"as</hw> (&?;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., from Gr. &?; a chief priest.] <i>(Gr. Ch.)</i> <def>A protopope.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro"to*phyte</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Proto-</i> + Gr. &?; a plant.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Any unicellular plant, or plant forming only a plasmodium, having reproduction only by fission, gemmation, or cell division.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The protophytes (<i>Protophyta</i>) are by some botanists considered an independent branch or class of the vegetable kingdom, and made to include the lowest forms of both fungi and alg&aelig;, as slime molds, Bacteria, the nostocs, etc. Cf. <u>Carpophyte</u>, and <u>O&ouml;phyte</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Pro`to*phy*tol"o*gy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Proto- </i> + <i>phytology</i>.] <def>Paleobotany.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro"to*pine</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Proto-</i> + <i>opium</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>An alkaloid found in opium in small quantities, and extracted as a white crystalline substance.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro"to*plasm</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Proto-</i> + Gr. &?; form, fr. &?; to mold.] <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>The viscid and more or less granular material of vegetable and animal cells, possessed of vital properties by which the processes of nutrition, secretion, and growth go forward; the so-called " physical basis of life;" the original cell substance, cytoplasm, cytoblastema, bioplasm sarcode, etc.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The lowest forms of animal and vegetable life (unicellular organisms) consist of <i>simple</i> or <i>unaltered protoplasm</i>; the tissues of the higher organisms, of <i>differentiated protoplasm</i>.</p>

<p><hw>Pro`to*plas*mat"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Protoplasmic.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro`to*plas"mic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Of or pertaining to the first formation of living bodies.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to protoplasm; consisting of, or resembling, protoplasm.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro"to*plast</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>protoplastus</i> the first man, Gr. &?; formed or created first; &?; first + &?; formed, fr. &?; to form.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The thing first formed; that of which there are subsequent copies or reproductions; the original.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>A first-formed organized body; the first individual, or pair of individuals, of a species.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A species is a class of individuals, each of which is hypothetically considered to be the descendant of the same <i>protoplast</i>, or of the same pair of <i>protoplasts</i>.</blockquote> <i>Latham.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Pro`to*plas"ta</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A division of fresh-water rhizopods including those that have a soft body and delicate branched pseudopodia. The genus <i>Gromia</i> is one of the best-known.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro`to*plas"tic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>First- formed.</def> <i>Howell.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*top"o*dite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Proto-</i> + Gr. &?;, &?;, foot.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The basal portion, or two proximal and more or less consolidated segments, of an appendage of a crustacean.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro"to*pope</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Proto-</i> + <i>pope</i>: cf. F. <i>protopope</i>, Russ. <i>protopop'</i>.] <i>(Gr. Ch.)</i> <def>One of the clergy of first rank in the lower order of secular clergy; an archpriest; — called also <i>protopapas</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pro*top"te*rus</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., from Gr. &?; first + &?; a feather (taken to mean, fin).] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>See <u>Komtok</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro"to*salt</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Proto-</i> + <i>salt</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A salt derived from a protoxide base.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Pro`to*sil"i*cate</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Proto-</i> + <i>silicate</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A silicate formed with the lowest proportion of silicic acid, or having but one atom of silicon in the molecule.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro`to*so"mite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Proto-</i> + <i>somite</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of the primitive segments, or metameres, of an animal.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro`to*sul"phide</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Proto-</i> + <i>sulphide</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>That one of a series of sulphides of any element which has the lowest proportion of sulphur; a sulphide with but one atom of sulphur in the molecule.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro`to*sul"phu*ret</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Proto- </i> + <i>sulphuret</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A protosulphide.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>||Pro`to*the"ri*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., from Gr. <grk>prw^tos</grk> first + <grk>qhri`on</grk>, dim. of <grk>qh`r</grk> beast.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Monotremata</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pro`to*tra`che*a"ta</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Proto-</u>, and <u>Trachea</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Malacopoda</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro"to*type</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., from L. <i>prototypus</i> original, primitive, Gr. &?;, &?;; &?; first + &?; type, model. See <u>Proto-</u>, and <u>Type</u>] <def>An original or model after which anything is copied; the pattern of anything to be engraved, or otherwise copied, cast, or the like; a primary form; exemplar; archetype.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>They will turn their backs on it, like their great precursor and <i>prototype</i>.</blockquote> <i>Burke.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro`to*ver"te*bra</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Protovertebr&aelig;</b></plw> . [<i>Proto-</i> + <i>vertebra</i>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>One of the primitive masses, or segments, into which the mesoblast of the vertebrate embryo breaks up on either side of the anterior part of the notochord; a mesoblastic, or protovertebral, somite. See <i>Illust.</i> of <u>Ectoderm</u>.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The protovertebr&aelig; were long regarded as rudiments of the permanent vertebr&aelig;, but they are now known to give rise to the dorsal muscles and other structures as well as the vertebral column. See <u>Myotome</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Pro`to*ver"te*bral</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to the protovertebr&aelig;.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*tox"ide</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Proto-</i> + <i>oxide</i>: cf. F. <i>protoxide</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>That one of a series of oxides having the lowest proportion of oxygen. See <u>Proto-</u>, 2 <sd><i>(b)</i></sd>.</def></p>

<p><col><b>protoxide of nitrogen</b></col>, <cd>laughing gas, now called <i>hyponitrous oxide</i>. See under <u>Laughing</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pro*tox"i*dize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>To combine with oxygen, as any elementary substance, in such proportion as to form a protoxide.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pro`to*zo"a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?; first + &?; an animal.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The lowest of the grand divisions of the animal kingdom.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The entire animal consists of a single cell which is variously modified; but in many species a number of these simple zooids are united together so as to form a compound body or organism, as in the Foraminifera and Vorticell&aelig;. The reproduction takes place by fission, or by the breaking up of the contents of the body after encystment, each portion becoming a distinct animal, or in other ways, but never by true eggs. The principal divisions are Rhizopoda, Gregarin&aelig;, and Infusoria. See also <u>Foraminifera</u>, <u>Heliozoa</u>, <u>Protoplasta</u>, <u>Radiolaria</u>, <u>Flagellata</u>, <u>Ciliata</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Pro`to*zo"an</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to the <u>Protozoa</u>.</def> — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One of the Protozoa.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro`to*zo"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to the Protozoa.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Geol.)</i> <def>Containing remains of the earliest discovered life of the globe, which included mollusks, radiates and protozoans.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pro`to*zo"&ouml;n</hw> (-&obreve;n), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Protozoa</b></plw> (#). [NL.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>One of the Protozoa.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A single zooid of a compound protozoan.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro`to*zo"&ouml;*nite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of the primary, or first-formed, segments of an embryonic arthropod.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pro*tra`che*a"ta</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Pro-</u>, and <u>Trachea</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Malacopoda</u>.</def></p>

<p><! p. 1154 !></p>

<p><hw>Pro*tract"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Protracted</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Protracting</u>.] [L. <i>protractus</i>, p. p. of <i>protrahere</i> to forth, protract; <i>pro</i> forward + <i>trahere</i> to draw. See <u>Portrait</u>, <u>Portray</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To draw out or lengthen in time or (rarely) in space; to continue; to prolong; as, to <i>protract</i> an argument; to <i>protract</i> a war.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To put off to a distant time; to delay; to defer; as, to <i>protract</i> a decision or duty.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Surv.)</i> <def>To draw to a scale; to lay down the lines and angles of, with scale and protractor; to plot.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>To extend; to protrude; as, the cat can <i>protract</i> its claws; — opposed to <i>retract</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*tract"</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>protractus</i>.] <def>Tedious continuance or delay.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*tract`ed</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Prolonged; continued.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Protracted meeting</b></col>,<cd>a religious meeting continued for many successive days.</cd> [U. S.]</p>

<p>— <wf>Pro*tract"ed*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Pro*tract"ed*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Pro*tract"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A protractor.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*tract"ile</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Capable of being protracted, or protruded; protrusile.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*trac"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>protractio</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A drawing out, or continuing; the act of delaying the termination of a thing; prolongation; continuance; delay; as, the <i>protraction</i> of a debate.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A <i>protraction</i> only of what is worst in life.</blockquote> <i>Mallock.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Surv.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The act or process of making a plot on paper.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A plot on paper.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*tract"ive</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Drawing out or lengthening in time; prolonging; continuing; delaying.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He suffered their <i>protractive</i> arts.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*tract"or</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who, or that which, protracts, or causes protraction.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A mathematical instrument for laying down and measuring angles on paper, used in drawing or in plotting. It is of various forms, semicircular, rectangular, or circular.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Surg.)</i> <def>An instrument formerly used in extracting foreign or offensive matter from a wound.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>A muscle which extends an organ or part; — opposed to <i>retractor</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>An adjustable pattern used by tailors.</def> <i>Knight.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*trep"tic*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to turn forward, to urge on.] <def>Adapted to persuade; hortatory; persuasive.</def> [Obs.] <i>Bp. Ward.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*trud"a*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>That may be protruded; protrusile.</def> <i>Darwin.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*trude"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Protruded</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Protruding</u>.] [L. <i>protrudere</i>, <i>protrusum</i>; <i>pro</i> forward + <i>trudere</i> to thrust. See <u>Threat</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To thrust forward; to drive or force along.</def> <i>Locke.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To thrust out, as through a narrow orifice or from confinement; to cause to come forth.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>When . . . Spring <i>protrudes</i> the bursting gems.</blockquote> <i>Thomson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*trude"</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To shoot out or forth; to be thrust forward; to extend beyond a limit; to project.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The parts <i>protrude</i> beyond the skin.</blockquote> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*tru"sile</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Capable of being protruded or thrust out; protractile; protrusive.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*tru"sion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of protruding or thrusting forward, or beyond the usual limit.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The state of being protruded, or thrust forward.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*tru"sive</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Thrusting or impelling forward; as, <i>protrusive</i> motion.</def> <i>E. Darwin.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Capable of being protruded; protrusile.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*tru"sive*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a protrusive manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*tu"ber*ance</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>protub&eacute;rance</i>. See <u>Protuberant</u>.] <def>That which is protuberant swelled or pushed beyond the surrounding or adjacent surface; a swelling or tumor on the body; a prominence; a bunch or knob; an elevation.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Solar protuberances</b></col> <i>(Astron.)</i>, <cd>certain rose-colored masses on the limb of the sun which are seen to extend beyond the edge of the moon at the time of a solar eclipse. They may be discovered with the spectroscope on any clear day. Called also <i>solar prominences</i>. See <i>Illust.</i> in Append.</cd></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — <u>Projection</u>, <u>Protuberance</u>. <i>protuberance</i> differs from <i>projection</i>, being applied to parts that rise from the surface with a gradual ascent or small angle; whereas a <i>projection</i> may be at a right angle with the surface.</p>

<p><hw>Pro*tu"ber*an*cy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality or state of being protuberant; protuberance; prominence.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*tu"ber*ant</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>protuberans</i>, <i>-antis</i>, p. pr. of <i>protuberare</i>. See <u>Protuberate</u>.] <def>Prominent, or excessively prominent; bulging beyond the surrounding or adjacent surface; swelling; as, a <i>protuberant</i> joint; a <i>protuberant</i> eye.</def> — <wf>Pro*tu"ber*ant*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Pro*tu"ber*ate</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [L. <i>protuberare</i>; <i>pro</i> forward + <i>tuber</i> a hump, protuberance. See <u>Tuber</u>.] <def>To swell, or be prominent, beyond the adjacent surface; to bulge out.</def> <i>S. Sharp.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*tu`ber*a"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The act of swelling beyond the surrounding surface.</def> <i>Cooke (1615).</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*tu"ber*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Protuberant.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>||Pro`tu*re"ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Proto-</u>, <u>Ureter</u>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>The duct of a pronephros.</def> <i>Haeckel.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro"tyle</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Proto-</i> + Gr. &?; stuff, material.] <i>(Chem. & Astron.)</i> <def>The hypothetical homogeneous cosmic material of the original universe, supposed to have been differentiated into what are recognized as distinct chemical elements.</def></p>

<p><hw>Proud</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<pos><i>Compar.</i></pos> <u>Prouder</u> (?); <pos><i>superl.</i></pos> <u>Proudest</u>.] [OE. <i>proud</i>, <i>prout</i>, <i>prud</i>, <i>prut</i>, AS. <i>pr&umacr;t</i>; akin to Icel. pr&umacr;&eth;r stately, handsome, Dan. <i>prud</i> handsome. Cf. <u>Pride</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Feeling or manifesting pride, in a good or bad sense</def>; as: <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>Possessing or showing too great self-esteem; overrating one's excellences; hence, arrogant; haughty; lordly; presumptuous.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Nor much expect<BR> A foe so <i>proud</i> will first the weaker seek.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>O death, made <i>proud</i> with pure and princely beauty !</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>And shades impervious to the <i>proud</i> world's glare.</blockquote> <i>Keble.</i></p>

<p><sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>Having a feeling of high self-respect or self-esteem; exulting (in); elated; — often with <i>of</i>; as, <i>proud</i> of one's country.</def> "<i>Proud</i> to be checked and soothed." <i>Keble.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Are we proud men <i>proud</i> of being proud ?</blockquote> <i>Thackeray.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Giving reason or occasion for pride or self-gratulation; worthy of admiration; grand; splendid; magnificent; admirable; ostentatious.</def> "Of shadow <i>proud</i>." <i>Chapman.</i> "<i>Proud</i> titles." <i>Shak.</i> " The <i>proud</i> temple's height." <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Till tower, and dome, and bridge-way <i>proud</i><BR> Are mantled with a golden cloud.</blockquote> <i>Keble.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Excited by sexual desire; — applied particularly to the females of some animals.</def> <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p>&fist; <i>Proud</i> is often used with participles in the formation of compounds which, for the most part, are self-explaining; as, <i>proud</i>-crested, <i>proud</i>-minded, <i>proud</i>-swelling.</p>

<p><col><b>Proud flesh</b></col> <i>(Med.)</i>, <cd>a fungous growth or excrescence of granulations resembling flesh, in a wound or ulcer.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Proud"ish</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Somewhat proud.</def> <i>Ash.</i></p>

<p><hw>Proud"ling</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A proud or haughty person.</def> <i>Sylvester.</i></p>

<p><hw>Proud"ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a proud manner; with lofty airs or mien; haughtily; arrogantly; boastfully.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Proudly</i> he marches on, and void of fear.</blockquote> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><hw>Proud"ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality of being proud; pride.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Set aside all arrogancy and <i>proudness</i>.</blockquote> <i>Latimer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Proust"ite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From the French chemist, J. L. <i>Proust</i>.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>A sulphide of arsenic and silver of a beautiful cochineal-red color, occurring in rhombohedral crystals, and also massive; ruby silver.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prov"a*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See <u>Prove</u>, and cf. <u>Probable</u>.] <def>Capable of being proved; demonstrable.</def> — <wf>Prov"a*ble*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> — <wf>Prov"a*bly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p>{ <hw>Prov"and</hw> (?), <hw>Pro"ant</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Provender</u>.] <def>Provender or food.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>One pease was a soldier's <i>provant</i> a whole day.</blockquote> <i>Beau. & Fl. </i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*vant"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To supply with provender or provisions; to provide for.</def> [Obs.] <i>Nash.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prov"ant</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Provided for common or general use, as in an army; hence, common in quality; inferior.</def> "A poor <i>provant</i> rapier." <i>B. Jonson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prove</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Proved</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Proving</u>.] [OE. <i>prover</i>, F. <i>prouver</i>, fr. L. <i>probare</i> to try, approve, prove, fr. <i>probus</i> good, proper. Cf. <u>Probable</u>, <u>Proof</u>, <u>Probe</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To try or to ascertain by an experiment, or by a test or standard; to test; as, to <i>prove</i> the strength of gunpowder or of ordnance; to <i>prove</i> the contents of a vessel by a standard measure.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Thou hast <i>proved</i> mine heart.</blockquote> <i>Ps. xvii. 3.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To evince, establish, or ascertain, as truth, reality, or fact, by argument, testimony, or other evidence.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>They have inferred much from slender premises, and conjectured when they could not <i>prove</i>.</blockquote> <i>J. H. Newman.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To ascertain or establish the genuineness or validity of; to verify; as, to <i>prove</i> a will.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To gain experience of the good or evil of; to know by trial; to experience; to suffer.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Where she, captived long, great woes did <i>prove</i>.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <i>(Arith.)</i> <def>To test, evince, ascertain, or verify, as the correctness of any operation or result; thus, in subtraction, if the difference between two numbers, added to the lesser number, makes a sum equal to the greater, the correctness of the subtraction is <i>proved</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <i>(Printing)</i> <def>To take a trial impression of; to take a proof of; as, to <i>prove</i> a page.</def></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — To try; verify; justify; confirm; establish; evince; manifest; show; demonstrate.</p>

<p><hw>Prove</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To make trial; to essay.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To be found by experience, trial, or result; to turn out to be; as, a medicine <i>proves</i> salutary; the report <i>proves</i> false.</def> "The case <i>proves</i> mortal." <i>Arbuthnot.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>So life a winter's morn may <i>prove</i>.</blockquote> <i>Keble.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To succeed; to turn out as expected.</def> [Obs.] "The experiment <i>proved</i> not." <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*vect"</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>provectus</i>, p. p. of <i>provehere</i> to carry forward.] <def>Carried forward; advanced.</def> [Obs.] "<i>Provect</i> in years." <i>Sir T. Flyot.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*vec"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>provectio</i> an advancement.] <i>(Philol.)</i> <def>A carrying forward, as of a final letter, to a following word; as, for example, a <i>nickname</i> for <i>an ekename</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*ved"i*tor</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [It. <i>proveditore</i>, <i>provveditore</i>, fr. <i>provedere</i>, L. <i>providere</i>. See <u>Provide</u>, and cf. <u>Purveyor</u>, <u>Provedore</u>.] <def>One employed to procure supplies, as for an army, a steamer, etc.; a purveyor; one who provides for another.</def> <i>Jer. Taylor.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prov"e*dore</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. Sp. <i>proveedor</i>. See <u>Proveditor</u>.] <def>A proveditor; a purveyor.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Busied with the duties of a <i>provedore</i>.</blockquote> <i>W. Irving.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prov"en</hw> (?), <pos><i>p. p. or a.</i></pos> <def>Proved.</def> "Accusations firmly <i>proven</i> in his mind." <i>Thackeray.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Of this which was the principal charge, and was generally believed to be<i>proven</i>, he was acquitted.</blockquote> <i>Jowett (Thucyd. ).</i></p>

<p><col><b>Not proven</b></col> <i>(Scots Law)</i>, <cd>a verdict of a jury that the guilt of the accused is not made out, though not disproved.</cd> <i>Mozley & W.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Pro`ven`&ccedil;al"</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [F., fr. <i>Provence</i>, fr. L. <i>provincia</i> province. See <u>Provincial</u>.] <def>Of or pertaining to Provence or its inhabitants.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pro`ven`&ccedil;al"</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A native or inhabitant of Provence in France.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The Provencal language. See <u>Langue d'oc</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prov"ence rose`</hw> (?). [<i>Provence</i> the place + <i>rose</i>.] <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The cabbage rose (<i>Rosa centifolia</i>).</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A name of many kinds of roses which are hybrids of <i>Rosa centifolia</i> and <i>R. Gallica</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*ven"cial</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See <u>Proven&ccedil;al</u>.] <def>Of or pertaining to Provence in France.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prov"end</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Provand</u>.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Prov"en*der</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>provende</i>, F. <i>provende</i>, provisions, provender, fr. LL. <i>praebenda</i> (<i>prae</i> and <i>pro</i> being confused), a daily allowance of provisions, a prebend. See <u>Prebend</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Dry food for domestic animals, as hay, straw, corn, oats, or a mixture of ground grain; feed.</def> "Hay or other <i>provender</i>." <i>Mortimer.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Good <i>provender</i> laboring horses would have.</blockquote> <i>Tusser.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Food or provisions.</def> [R or Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Prov"ent</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Provand</u>.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Pro*ven"tri*cle</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Proventriculus.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pro`ven*tri"u*lus</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Pro-</u>, and <u>Ventricle</u>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>The glandular stomach of birds, situated just above the crop.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prov"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who, or that which, proves.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prov"erb</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>proverbe</i>, F. <i>proverbe</i>, from L. <i>proverbium</i>; <i>pro</i> before, for + <i>verbum</i> a word. See <u>Verb</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>An old and common saying; a phrase which is often repeated; especially, a sentence which briefly and forcibly expresses some practical truth, or the result of experience and observation; a maxim; a saw; an adage.</def> <i>Chaucer. Bacon.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A striking or paradoxical assertion; an obscure saying; an enigma; a parable.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>His disciples said unto him, Lo, now speakest thou plainly, and speakest no <i>proverb</i>.</blockquote> <i>John xvi. 29.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A familiar illustration; a subject of contemptuous reference.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Thou shalt become an astonishment, a <i>proverb</i>, and a by word, among all nations.</blockquote> <i>Deut. xxviii. 37.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>A drama exemplifying a proverb.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Book of Proverbs</b></col>, <cd>a canonical book of the Old Testament, containing a great variety of wise maxims.</cd></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Maxim; aphorism; apothegm; adage; saw.</p>

<p><hw>Prov"erb</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To name in, or as, a proverb.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Am I not sung and <i>proverbed</i> for a fool ?</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To provide with a proverb.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>I am <i>proverbed</i> with a grandsire phrase.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prov"erb</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To write or utter proverbs.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Pro*ver"bi*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>proverbialis</i>: cf. F. <i>proverbial</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Mentioned or comprised in a proverb; used as a proverb; hence, commonly known; as, a <i>proverbial</i> expression; his meanness was <i>proverbial</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>In case of excesses, I take the German <i>proverbial</i> cure, by a hair of the same beast, to be the worst.</blockquote> <i>Sir W. Temple.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Of or pertaining to proverbs; resembling a proverb.</def> "A <i>proverbial</i> obscurity." <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*ver"bi*al*ism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A proverbial phrase.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*ver"bi*al*ist</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who makes much use of proverbs in speech or writing; one who composes, collects, or studies proverbs.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*ver"bi*al*ize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t. & i.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>proverbialiser</i>.] <def>To turn into a proverb; to speak in proverbs.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*ver"bi*al*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a proverbial manner; by way of proverb; hence, commonly; universally; as, it is <i>proverbially</i> said; the bee is <i>proverbially</i> busy.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*vex"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>provehere</i> to advance. Cf. <u>Provect</u>.] <def>Great advance in age.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Pro*vide"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Provided</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Providing</u>.] [L. <i>providere</i>, <i>provisum</i>; <i>pro</i> before + <i>videre</i> to see. See <u>Vision</u>, and cf. <u>Prudent</u>, <u>Purvey</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To look out for in advance; to procure beforehand; to get, collect, or make ready for future use; to prepare.</def> "<i>Provide</i> us all things necessary." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To supply; to afford; to contribute.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Bring me berries, or such cooling fruit<BR> As the kind, hospitable woods <i>provide</i>.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To furnish; to supply; — formerly followed by <i>of</i>, now by <i>with</i>.</def> "And yet <i>provided</i> him of but one." <i>Jer. Taylor.</i> "Rome . . . was well <i>provided</i> with corn." <i>Arbuthnot.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To establish as a previous condition; to stipulate; as, the contract <i>provides</i> that the work be well done.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>To foresee.</def> [A <i>Latinism</i>] [Obs.] <i>B. Jonson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>To appoint to an ecclesiastical benefice before it is vacant. See <u>Provisor</u>.</def> <i>Prescott.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*vide"</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To procure supplies or means in advance; to take measures beforehand in view of an expected or a possible future need, especially a danger or an evil; — followed by <i>against or for</i>; as, to <i>provide</i> against the inclemency of the weather; to <i>provide</i> for the education of a child.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Government is a contrivance of human wisdom to <i>provide</i> for human wants.</blockquote> <i>Burke.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To stipulate previously; to condition; as, the agreement <i>provides</i> for an early completion of the work.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*vid"ed</hw> (?), <pos><i>conj.</i></pos> <def>On condition; by stipulation; with the understanding; if; — usually followed by <i>that</i>; as, <i>provided</i> that nothing in this act shall prejudice the rights of any person whatever.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Provided</i> the deductions are logical, they seem almost indifferent to their truth.</blockquote> <i>G. H. Lewes.</i></p>

<p>&fist; This word is strictly a participle, and the word <i>being</i> is understood, the participle <i>provided</i> agreeing with the whole sentence absolute, and being equivalent to <i>this condition being previously stipulated or established</i>.</p>

<p><hw>Prov"i*dence</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>providentia</i>: cf. F. <i>providence</i>. See <u>Provident</u>, and cf. <u>Prudence</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of providing or preparing for future use or application; a making ready; preparation.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Providence</i> for war is the best prevention of it.</blockquote> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Foresight; care; especially, the foresight and care which God manifests for his creatures; hence, God himself, regarded as exercising a constant wise prescience.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The world was all before them, where to choose<BR> Their place of rest, and <i>Providence</i> their guide.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Theol.)</i> <def>A manifestation of the care and superintendence which God exercises over his creatures; an event ordained by divine direction.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He that hath a numerous family, and many to provide for, needs a greater <i>providence</i> of God.</blockquote> <i>Jer. Taylor.</i></p>

<p><! p. 1155 !></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Prudence in the management of one's concerns; economy; frugality.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>It is a high point of <i>providence</i> in a prince to cast an eye rather upon actions than persons.</blockquote> <i>Quarles.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prov"i*dent</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>providens</i>, <i>-entis</i>, p. pr. of <i>providere</i>: cf. F. <i>provident</i>. See <u>Provide</u>, and cf. <u>Prudent</u>.] <def>Foreseeing wants and making provision to supply them; prudent in preparing for future exigencies; cautious; economical; — sometimes followed by <i>of</i>; as, a<i>provident</i> man; an animal <i>provident</i> of the future.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>And of our good and of our dignity,<BR> How <i>provident</i> he is.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Forecasting; cautious; careful; prudent; frugal; economical.</p>

<p><hw>Prov`i*den"tial</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>providentiel</i>.] <def>Effected by, or referable to, divine direction or superintendence; as, the <i>providential</i> contrivance of thing; a <i>providential</i> escape.</def> — <wf>Prov"i*den"tial*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Prov"i*dent*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a provident manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prov"i*dent*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality or state of being provident; carefulness; prudence; economy.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*vid"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who provides, furnishes, or supplies; one who procures what is wanted.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prov"i*dore</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Provedore</u>.] <def>One who makes provision; a purveyor.</def> [R.] <i>De Foe.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prov"ince</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., fr. L. <i>provincia</i>; prob. fr. <i>pro</i> before, for + the root of <i>vincere</i> to conquer. See <u>Victor</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Roman Hist.)</i> <def>A country or region, more or less remote from the city of Rome, brought under the Roman government; a conquered country beyond the limits of Italy.</def> <i>Wyclif (Acts xiii. 34). Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A country or region dependent on a distant authority; a portion of an empire or state, esp. one remote from the capital.</def> "Kingdoms and <i>provinces</i>." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A region of country; a tract; a district.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Over many a tract<BR> of heaven they marched, and many a <i>province</i> wide.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Other <i>provinces</i> of the intellectual world.</blockquote> <i>I. Watts.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>A region under the supervision or direction of any special person; the district or division of a country, especially an ecclesiastical division, over which one has jurisdiction; as, the <i>province</i> of Canterbury, or that in which the archbishop of Canterbury exercises ecclesiastical authority.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>The proper or appropriate business or duty of a person or body; office; charge; jurisdiction; sphere.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The woman's<i>province</i> is to be careful in her economy, and chaste in her affection.</blockquote> <i>Tattler.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>Specif.: Any political division of the Dominion of Canada, having a governor, a local legislature, and representation in the Dominion parliament. Hence, colloquially, <i>The Provinces</i>, the Dominion of Canada.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*vin"cial</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>provincialis</i>: cf. F. <i>provincial</i>. See <u>Province</u>, and cf. <u>Provencal</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Of or pertaining to province; constituting a province; as, a <i>provincial</i> government; a <i>provincial</i> dialect.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Exhibiting the ways or manners of a province; characteristic of the inhabitants of a province; not cosmopolitan; countrified; not polished; rude; hence, narrow; illiberal.</def> "<i>Provincial</i> airs and graces." <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Of or pertaining to an ecclesiastical province, or to the jurisdiction of an archbishop; not ecumenical; as, a <i>provincial</i> synod.</def> <i>Ayliffe.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Of or pertaining to Provence; Provencal.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>With two <i>Provincial</i> roses on my razed shoes.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*vin"cial</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A person belonging to a province; one who is provincial.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(R. C. Ch.)</i> <def>A monastic superior, who, under the general of his order, has the direction of all the religious houses of the same fraternity in a given district, called a <i>province</i> of the order.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*vin"cial*ism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>provincialisme</i>.] <def>A word, or a manner of speaking, peculiar to a province or a district remote from the mother country or from the metropolis; a provincial characteristic; hence, narrowness; illiberality.</def> <i>M. Arnold.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*vin"cial*ist</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who lives in a province; a provincial.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*vin`ci*al"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality or state of being provincial; peculiarity of language characteristic of a province.</def> <i>T. Warton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*vin"cial*ize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Provincialized</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Provincializing</u> (?).] <def>To render provincial.</def> <i>M. Arnold.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*vin"cial*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a provincial manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*vin"ci*ate</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To convert into a province or provinces.</def> [Obs.] <i>Howell.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*vine"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [F. <i>provingner</i>, fr. <i>provin</i> a set, layer of a plant, OF. <i>provain</i>, from L. <i>propago</i>, <i>-aginis</i>, akin to <i>propagare</i> to propagate. See <u>Propagate</u>, <u>Prune</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>] <def>To lay a stock or branch of a vine in the ground for propagation.</def> [Obs.] <i>Johnson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*vi"sion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>provisio</i>: cf. F. <i>provision</i>. See <u>Provide</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of providing, or making previous preparation.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>That which is provided or prepared; that which is brought together or arranged in advance; measures taken beforehand; preparation.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Making <i>provision</i> for the relief of strangers.</blockquote> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Especially, a stock of food; any kind of eatables collected or stored; — often in the plural.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>And of <i>provisions</i> laid in large,<BR> For man and beast.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>That which is stipulated in advance; a condition; a previous agreement; a proviso; as, the <i>provisions</i> of a contract; the statute has many <i>provisions</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <i>(R. C. Ch.)</i> <def>A canonical term for regular induction into a benefice, comprehending nomination, collation, and installation.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <i>(Eng. Hist.)</i> <def>A nomination by the pope to a benefice before it became vacant, depriving the patron of his right of presentation.</def> <i>Blackstone.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*vi"sion</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Provisioned</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Provisioning</u>.] <def>To supply with food; to victual; as, to <i>provision</i> a garrison.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>They were <i>provisioned</i> for a journey.</blockquote> <i>Palfrey.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*vi"sion*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>provisionnel</i>.] <def>Of the nature of a provision; serving as a provision for the time being; — used of partial or temporary arrangements; as, a <i>provisional</i> government; a <i>provisional</i> treaty.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*vi"sion*al*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>By way of provision for the time being; temporarily.</def> <i>Locke.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*vi"sion*a*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Provisional.</def> <i>Burke.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*vi"so</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Provisos</b></plw> (#). [L., (it) being provided, abl. of <i>provisus</i>, p. p. of <i>providere</i>. See <u>Provide</u>, and cf. <u>Purview</u>.] <def>An article or clause in any statute, agreement, contract, grant, or other writing, by which a condition is introduced, usually beginning with the word <i>provided</i>; a conditional stipulation that affects an agreement, contract, law, grant, or the like; as, the contract was impaired by its <i>proviso</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He doth deny his prisoners,<BR> But with <i>proviso</i> and exception.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*vi"sor</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., fr. <i>providere</i>: cf. F. <i>proviseur</i>. See <u>Provide</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who provides; a purveyor.</def> [Obs.] "The chief <i>provisor</i> of our horse." <i>Ford.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(R. C. Ch.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The purveyor, steward, or treasurer of a religious house.</def> <i>Cowell.</i> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>One who is regularly inducted into a benefice. See <u>Provision</u>, 5.</def> <i>P. Plowman.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Eng. Hist.)</i> <def>One who procures or receives a papal provision. See <u>Provision</u>, 6.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*vi"so*ri*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a provisory manner; conditionally; subject to a proviso; as, to admit a doctrine <i>provisorily</i>.</def> <i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*vi"sor*ship</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The office or position of a provisor.</def> [R.] <i>J. Webster.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*vi"so*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>provisoire</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Of the nature of a proviso; containing a proviso or condition; conditional; as, a <i>provisory</i> clause.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Making temporary provision; provisional.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prov`o*ca"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>provocation</i>, L. <i>provocatio</i>. See <u>Provoke</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of provoking, or causing vexation or, anger.</def> <i>Fabyan.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>That which provokes, or excites anger; the cause of resentment; as, to give <i>provocation</i>.</def> <i>Paley.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Incitement; stimulus; as, <i>provocation</i> to mirth.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Law)</i> <def>Such prior insult or injury as may be supposed, under the circumstances, to create hot blood, and to excuse an assault made in retort or redress.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>An appeal to a court. [A Latinism]</def> [Obs.] <i>Ayliffe.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*vo"ca*tive</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>provocativus</i>: cf. OF. <i>provocatif</i>.] <def>Serving or tending to provoke, excite, or stimulate; exciting.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*vo"ca*tive</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Anything that is provocative; a stimulant; as, a <i>provocative</i> of appetite.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*vo"ca*tive*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Quality of being provocative.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*vo"ca*to*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Provocative.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*vok"a*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>That may be provoked.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pro*voke"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Provoked</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Provoking</u>.] [F. <i>provoquer</i>, L. <i>provocare</i> to call forth; <i>pro</i> forth + <i>vocare</i> to call, fr. <i>vox</i>, <i>vocis</i>, voice, cry, call. See <u>Voice</u>.] <def>To call forth; to call into being or action; esp., to incense to action, a faculty or passion, as love, hate, or ambition; hence, commonly, to incite, as a person, to action by a challenge, by taunts, or by defiance; to exasperate; to irritate; to offend intolerably; to cause to retaliate.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Obey his voice, <i>provoke</i> him not.</blockquote> <i>Ex. xxiii. 21.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Ye fathers, <i>provoke</i> not your children to wrath.</blockquote> <i>Eph. vi. 4.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Such acts<BR> Of contumacy will <i>provoke</i> the Highest<BR> To make death in us live.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Can honor's voice <i>provoke</i> the silent dust?</blockquote> <i>Gray.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>To the poet the meaning is what he pleases to make it, what it <i>provokes</i> in his own soul.</blockquote> <i> J. Burroughs.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — To irritate; arouse; stir up; awake; excite; incite; anger. See <u>Irritate</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Pro*voke"</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To cause provocation or anger.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To appeal. [A Latinism]</def> [Obs.] <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*voke"ment</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The act that which, provokes; one who excites anger or other passion, or incites to action; as, a <i>provoker</i> of sedition.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Drink, sir, is a great <i>provoker</i> of three things.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pro*vok"ing</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having the power or quality of exciting resentment; tending to awaken passion or vexation; as, <i>provoking</i> words or treatment.</def> — <wf>Pro*vok"ing*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Prov"ost</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>provost</i> (L. <i>prae</i> and <i>pro</i> being confused), F. <i>prev&ocirc;t</i>, fr. L. <i>praepositus</i> placed before, a chief, fr. <i>praeponere</i> to place before: cf. AS. <i>pr&amacr;fost</i>, <i>pr&omacr;fast</i>. See <u>Preposition</u>, and cf. <u>Propound</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A person who is appointed to superintend, or preside over, something; the chief magistrate in some cities and towns; as, the <i>provost</i> of Edinburgh or of Glasgow, answering to the mayor of other cities; the <i>provost</i> of a college, answering to president; the <i>provost</i> or head of certain collegiate churches.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The keeper of a prison.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p>&fist; In France, formerly, a <i>provost</i> was an inferior judge who had cognizance of civil causes. The <i>grand provost of France</i>, <i>or of the household</i>, had jurisdiction in the king's house, and over its officers.</p>

<p><col><b>Provost marshal</b></col> (often pronounced &?;). <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <i>(Mil.)</i> <cd>An officer appointed in every army, in the field, to secure the prisoners confined on charges of a general nature. He also performs such other duties pertaining to police and discipline as the regulations of the service or the commander's orders impose upon him.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <i>(Nav.)</i> <cd>An officer who has charge of prisoners on trial by court-martial, serves notices to witnesses, etc.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Prov"ost*ship</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The office of a provost.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prow</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>proue</i> (cf. Sp. & Pg. <i>proa</i>, It. <i>prua</i>), L. <i>prora</i>, Gr. &?;, akin to &?; before. See <u>Pro-</u>, and cf. <u>Prore</u>.] <def>The fore part of a vessel; the bow; the stem; hence, the vessel itself.</def> <i>Wordsworth.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The floating vessel swum<BR> Uplifted, and secure with beaked <i>prow</i><BR> rode tilting o'er the waves.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prow</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Proa</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prow</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<pos><i>Compar.</i></pos> <u>Prower</u> (?); <pos><i>superl.</i></pos> <u>Prowest</u>.] [OF. <i>prou</i>, <i>preu</i>, F. <i>preux</i>, fr. L. <i>pro</i>, <i>prod</i>, in <i>prodesse</i> to be useful. See <u>Pro-</u>, and cf. <u>Prude</u>.] <def>Valiant; brave; gallant; courageous.</def> [Archaic] <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>prowest</i> knight that ever field did fight.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prow</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. & OF. <i>prou</i>. See <u>Prow</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <def>Benefit; profit; good; advantage.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>That shall be for your hele and for your <i>prow</i>.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prow"ess</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>proece</i>, <i>proesce</i>, F. <i>prouesse</i>. See <u>Prow</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <def>Distinguished bravery; valor; especially, military bravery and skill; gallantry; intrepidity; fearlessness.</def> <i>Chaucer. Sir P. Sidney.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>He by his <i>prowess</i> conquered all France.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prowl</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Prowled</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Prowling</u>.] [OE. <i>prollen</i> to search about; of uncertain origin, perh. for <i>proglen</i>, a dim. of <i>prog</i> to beg, or <i>proke</i> to poke. Cf. <u>Proke</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To rove over, through, or about in a stealthy manner; esp., to search in, as for prey or booty.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He <i>prowls</i> each place, still in new colors decked.</blockquote> <i> Sir P. Sidney.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To collect by plunder; as, to <i>prowl</i> money.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Prowl</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To rove or wander stealthily, esp. for prey, as a wild beast; hence, to prey; to plunder.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prowl</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The act of prowling.</def> [Colloq.] <i>Smart.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prowl"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One that prowls.</def> <i>Thomson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prowl"ing</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Accustomed to prowl, or engaged in roving stealthily, as for prey.</def> "A <i>prowling</i> wolf." <i>Milton.</i> — <wf>Prowl"ing*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Prox</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. <u>Proxy</u>.] <def>"The ticket or list of candidates at elections, presented to the people for their votes."</def> [Rhode Island] <i>Bartlett.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prox"ene</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. &?;; &?; before + &?; a guest, stranger: cf. F. <i>prox&egrave;ne</i>.] <i>(Gr. Antiq.)</i> <def>An officer who had the charge of showing hospitality to those who came from a friendly city or state.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prox"e*net</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>proxeneta</i>, Gr. &?;.] <def>A negotiator; a factor.</def> [R.] <i>Dr. H. More.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prox"i*mad</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> [<i>Proximal</i> + L. <i>ad</i> to.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Toward a proximal part; on the proximal side of; proximally.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prox"i*mal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Toward or nearest, as to a body, or center of motion of dependence; proximate.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Biol.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>Situated near the point of attachment or origin; as, the <i>proximal</i> part of a limb.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>Of or pertaining to that which is proximal; as, the <i>proximal</i> bones of a limb. Opposed to <i>distal</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prox"i*mal*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>On or toward a proximal part; proximad.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prox"i*mate</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>proximatus</i>, p. p. of <i>proximare</i> to come near, to approach, fr. <i>proximus</i> the nearest, nest, superl. of <i>propior</i> nearer, and <i>prope</i>, adv., near.] <def>Nearest; next immediately preceding or following.</def> "<i>Proximate</i> ancestors." <i>J. S. Harford.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>proximate</i> natural causes of it [the deluge].</blockquote> <i>T. Burnet.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Proximate analysis</b></col> <i>(Chem.)</i>, <cd>an analysis which determines the proximate principles of any substance, as contrasted with an <i>ultimate analysis</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Proximate cause</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>A cause which immediately precedes and produces the effect, as distinguished from the <i>remote</i>, <i>mediate</i>, <i>or predisposing</i> cause.</cd> <i>I. Watts.</i> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>That which in ordinary natural sequence produces a specific result, no independent disturbing agencies intervening.</cd> — <col><b>Proximate principle</b></col> <i>(Physiol. Chem.)</i>, <cd>one of a class of bodies existing ready formed in animal and vegetable tissues, and separable by chemical analysis, as albumin, sugar, collagen, fat, etc.</cd></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Nearest; next; closest; immediate; direct.</p>

<p><hw>Prox"i*mate*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a proximate manner, position, or degree; immediately.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prox"ime</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>proximus</i>. See <u>Proximate</u>.] <def>Next; immediately preceding or following.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Prox*im"i*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Proximate.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Prox*im"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>proximitas</i>: cf. F. <i>proximit&eacute;</i> See <u>Proximate</u>, and cf. <u>Propinquity</u>, <u>Approach</u>.] <def>The quality or state of being next in time, place, causation, influence, etc.; immediate nearness, either in place, blood, or alliance.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>If he plead <i>proximity</i> of blood<BR> That empty title is with ease withstood.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prox"i*mo</hw> (?). [L., on the next, abl. of <i>proximus</i> next.] <def>In the next month after the present; — often contracted to <i>prox.</i>; as, on the 3d <i>proximo</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prox"y</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Proxies</b></plw> (#). [Contr. from <i>procuracy</i>. Cf. <u>Proctor</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The agency for another who acts through the agent; authority to act for another, esp. to vote in a legislative or corporate capacity.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I have no man's <i>proxy</i>: I speak only for myself.</blockquote> <i>Burke.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The person who is substituted or deputed to act or vote for another.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Every peer . . . may make another lord of parliament his <i>proxy</i>, to vote for him in his absence.</blockquote> <i>Blackstone.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A writing by which one person authorizes another to vote in his stead, as in a corporation meeting.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Eng. Law)</i> <def>The written appointment of a proctor in suits in the ecclesiastical courts.</def> <i>Burrill.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <i>(Eccl.)</i> <def>See <u>Procuration</u>.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Prox"y</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To act or vote by proxy; to do anything by the agency of another.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Prox"y*ship</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The office or agency of a proxy.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pruce</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. for <i>Prussia</i>: cf. F. <i>Prusse</i>.] <def>Prussian leather.</def> [Obs.] <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><! p. 1156 !></p>

<p><hw>Prude</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., prudish, originally, discreet, modest; shortened from OF. <i>prudefeme</i>, <i>preudefeme</i>, a discreet or excellent woman; OF. <i>preu</i>, <i>prou</i>, excellent, brave + <i>de</i> of + <i>fete</i> woman. See <u>Prow</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>, <u>Prowess</u>.] <def>A woman of affected modesty, reserve, or coyness; one who is overscrupulous or sensitive; one who affects extraordinary prudence in conduct and speech.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Less modest than the speech of <i>prudes</i>.</blockquote> <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pru"dence</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., fr. L. <i>prudentia</i>, contr. from <i>providentia</i>. See <u>Prudent</u>, and cf. <u>Providence</u>.] <def>The quality or state of being prudent; wisdom in the way of caution and provision; discretion; carefulness; hence, also, economy; frugality.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Prudence</i> is principally in reference to actions to be done, and due means, order, seasons, and method of doing or not doing.</blockquote> <i>Sir M. Hale.</i></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Prudence</i> supposes the value of the end to be assumed, and refers only to the adaptation of the means. It is the relation of right means for given ends.</blockquote> <i>Whewell.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Wisdom; forecast; providence; considerateness; judiciousness; discretion; caution; circumspection; judgment. See <u>Wisdom</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Pru"den*cy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Prudence.</def> [Obs.] <i>Hakluyt.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pru"dent</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>prudens</i>, <i>-entis</i>, contr. from <i>providens</i>: cf. F. <i>prudent</i>. See <u>Provident</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Sagacious in adapting means to ends; circumspect in action, or in determining any line of conduct; practically wise; judicious; careful; discreet; sensible; — opposed to <i>rash</i>; as, a <i>prudent</i> man; dictated or directed by prudence or wise forethought; evincing prudence; as, <i>prudent</i> behavior.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Moses established a grave and <i>prudent</i> law.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Frugal; economical; not extravagant; as, a <i>prudent</i> woman; <i>prudent</i> expenditure of money.</def></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Cautious; wary; circumspect; considerate; discreet; judicious; provident; economical; frugal. </p>

<p><hw>Pru*den"tial</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Proceeding from, or dictated or characterized by, prudence; prudent; discreet; sometimes, selfish or pecuniary as distinguished from higher motives or influences; as, <i>prudential</i> motives.</def> " A <i>prudential</i> line of conduct." <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Exercising prudence; discretionary; advisory; superintending or executive; as, a <i>prudential</i> committee.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pru*den"tial</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>That which relates to or demands the exercise of, discretion or prudence; — usually in the <i>pl.</i></def></p>

<p><blockquote>Many stanzas, in poetic measures, contain rules relating to common <i>prudentials</i> as well as to religion.</blockquote> <i>I. Watts.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pru*den"tial*ist</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who is governed by, or acts from, prudential motives.</def> [R.] <i>Coleridge.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pru*den`ti*al"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality or state of being prudential.</def> <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pru*den"tial*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a prudential manner; prudently.</def> <i>South.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pru"dent*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a prudent manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prud"er*y</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Pruderies</b></plw> (#). [F. <i>pruderie</i>. See <u>Prude</u>.] <def>The quality or state of being prudish; excessive or affected scrupulousness in speech or conduct; stiffness; coyness.</def> <i>Cowper.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prud*homme"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>prud'homme</i>. cf. <u>Prude</u>.] <def>A trustworthy citizen; a skilled workman. See Citation under 3d <u>Commune</u>, 1.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prud"ish</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Like a prude; very formal, precise, or reserved; affectedly severe in virtue; as, a <i>prudish</i> woman; <i>prudish</i> manners.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A formal lecture, spoke with <i>prudish</i> face.</blockquote> <i>Garrick.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prud"ish*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a prudish manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pru"i*nate</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Pruinose</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pru"i*nose`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>pruinosus</i>, fr. <i>pruina</i> hoarfrost.] <def>Frosty; covered with fine scales, hairs, dust, bloom, or the like, so as to give the appearance of frost.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pru"i*nous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Frosty; pruinose.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prune</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Pruned</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Pruning</u>.] [OE. <i>proine</i>, probably fr. F. <i>provigner</i> to lay down vine stocks for propagation; hence, probably, the meaning, to cut away superfluous shoots. See <u>Provine</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To lop or cut off the superfluous parts, branches, or shoots of; to clear of useless material; to shape or smooth by trimming; to trim: as, to <i>prune</i> trees; to <i>prune</i> an essay.</def> <i>Thackeray.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Taking into consideration how they [laws] are to be <i>pruned</i> and reformed.</blockquote> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Our delightful task<BR> To <i>prune</i> these growing plants, and tend these flowers.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To cut off or cut out, as useless parts.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Horace will our superfluous branches <i>prune</i>.</blockquote> <i>Waller.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To preen; to prepare; to dress.</def> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>His royal bird<BR> <i>Prunes</i> the immortal wing and cloys his beak.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prune</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To dress; to prink; - used humorously or in contempt.</def> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Prune</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>prune</i>, from L. <i>prunum</i> a plum. See <u>Plum</u>.] <def>A plum; esp., a dried plum, used in cookery; as, French or Turkish <i>prunes</i>; California <i>prunes</i>.</def></p>

<p><col><b>German prune</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>a large dark purple plum, of oval shape, often one-sided. It is much used for preserving, either dried or in sirup.</cd> — <col><b>Prune tree</b></col>. <i>(Bot.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>A tree of the genus <i>Prunus</i> (<i>P. domestica</i>), which produces prunes.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>The West Indian tree, <i>Prunus occidentalis</i>.</cd> — <col><b>South African prune</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>the edible fruit of a sapindaceous tree (<i>Pappea Capensis</i>).</cd></p>

<p><hw>||Pru*nel"la</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., perhaps from G. <i>br&aelig;une</i> quinsy, croup.] <i>(Med.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>Angina, or angina pectoris.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>Thrush.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Prunella salt</b></col> <i>(Old Chem.)</i>, <cd>niter fused and cast into little balls.</cd></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pru*nel"la</hw>, <hw>Pru*nel"lo</hw>, } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>prunelle</i>, probably so called from its color resembling that of prunes. See <u>Prune</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <def>A smooth woolen stuff, generally black, used for making shoes; a kind of lasting; — formerly used also for clergymen's gowns.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pru*nelle"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., dim. of <i>prune</i>. See <u>Prune</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <def>A kind of small and very acid French plum; — applied especially to the stoned and dried fruit.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pru*nel"lo</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>prunelle</i>, dim. of <i>prune</i>. See <u>Prune</u> a plum.] <def>A species of dried plum; prunelle.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prun"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who prunes, or removes, what is superfluous.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any one of several species of beetles whose larv&aelig; gnaw the branches of trees so as to cause them to fall, especially the American oak pruner (<i>Asemum m&oelig;stum</i>), whose larva eats the pith of oak branches, and when mature gnaws a circular furrow on the inside nearly to the bark. When the branches fall each contains a pupa.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pru*nif"er*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>prunum</i> a plum + <i>-ferous</i>.] <def>Bearing plums.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prun"ing</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of trimming, or removing what is superfluous.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Falconry)</i> <def>That which is cast off by bird in pruning her feathers; leavings.</def> <i>Beau. & Fl.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Pruning hook</b></col>, or <col><b>Pruning knife</b></col>, <cd>cutting instrument used in pruning trees, etc.</cd> — <col><b>Pruning shears</b></col>, <cd>shears for pruning trees, vines, etc.</cd></p>

<p><hw>||Pru"nus</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., a plum tree.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A genus of trees with perigynous rosaceous flowers, and a single two-ovuled carpel which usually becomes a drupe in ripening.</def></p>

<p>&fist; Originally, this genus was limited to the plums, then, by Linn&aelig;us, was made to include the cherries and the apricot. Later botanists separated these into several genera, as <i>Prunus</i>, <i>Cerasus</i>, and <i>Armeniaca</i>, but now, by Bentham and Hooker, the plums, cherries, cherry laurels, peach, almond, and nectarine are all placed in <i>Prunus</i>.</p>

<p>{ <hw>Pru"ri*ence</hw> (?), <hw>Pru"ri*en*cy</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality or state of being prurient.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>pruriency</i> of curious ears.</blockquote> <i>Burke.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>There is a <i>prurience</i> in the speech of some.</blockquote> <i>Cowper.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pru"ri*ent</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>pruries</i>, - <i>entis</i>, p. pr. of <i>prurire</i> to itch. Cf. <u>Freeze</u>.] <def>Uneasy with desire; itching; especially, having a lascivious curiosity or propensity; lustful.</def> — <wf>Pru"ri*ent*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><blockquote>The eye of the vain and <i>prurient</i> is darting from object to object of illicit attraction.</blockquote> <i>I. Taylor.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pru*rig"i*nous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>pruriginosus</i>: cf. F. <i>prurigineux</i>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Tending to, or caused by, prurigo; affected by, or of the nature of, prurigo.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pru*ri"go</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., an itching, the itch, fr. <i>prurire</i> to itch.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>A papular disease of the skin, of which intense itching is the chief symptom, the eruption scarcely differing from the healthy cuticle in color.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pru*ri"tus</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Itching.</def></p>

<p><hw>Prus"sian</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [From <i>Prussia</i>, the country: cf. F. <i>prussien</i>.] <def>Of or pertaining to Prussia.</def> — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A native or inhabitant of Prussia.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Prussian blue</b></col> <i>(Chem.)</i>, <cd>any one of several complex double cyanides of ferrous and ferric iron; specifically, a dark blue amorphous substance having a coppery luster, obtained by adding a solution of potassium ferrocyanide (yellow prussiate of potash) to a ferric salt. It is used in dyeing, in ink, etc. Called also <i>Williamson's blue</i>, <i>insoluble Prussian blue</i>, <i>Berlin blue</i>, etc.</cd> — <col><b>Prussian carp</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <cd>See <u>Gibel</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Prussian green</b></col>. <i>(Chem.)</i> <cd>Same as <i>Berlin green</i>, under <u>Berlin</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Prus"si*ate</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>prussiate</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A salt of prussic acid; a cyanide.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Red prussiate of potash</b></col>. <cd>See <i>Potassium ferricyanide</i>, under <u>Ferricyanide</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Yellow prussiate of potash</b></col>. <cd>See <i>Potassium ferrocyanide</i>, under <u>Ferrocyanide</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Prus"sic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>prussique</i>.] <i>(Old Chem.)</i> <def>designating the acid now called hydrocyanic acid, but formerly called <i>prussic acid</i>, because Prussian blue is derived from it or its compounds. See <u>Hydrocyanic</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pru*ten"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Astron.)</i> <def>Prussian; — applied to certain astronomical tables published in the sixteenth century, founded on the principles of Copernicus, a Prussian.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pry</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Corrupted fr. <i>prize</i> a lever. See <u>Prize</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <def>A lever; also, leverage.</def> [Local, U. S. & Eng.]</p>

<p><col><b>Pry pole</b></col>, <cd>the pole which forms the prop of a hoisting gin, and stands facing the windlass.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pry</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Pried</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Prying</u>.] <def>To raise or move, or attempt to raise or move, with a pry or lever; to prize.</def> [Local, U. S. & Eng.]</p>

<p><hw>Pry</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [OE. <i>prien</i>. Cf. <u>Peer</u> to peep.] <def>To peep narrowly; to gaze; to inspect closely; to attempt to discover something by a scrutinizing curiosity; — often implying reproach.</def> " To <i>pry</i> upon the stars." <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Watch thou and wake when others be asleep,<BR> To <i>pry</i> into the secrets of the state.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pry</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Curious inspection; impertinent peeping.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pry"an</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Mining)</i> <def>See <u>Prian</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pry"ing</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Inspecting closely or impertinently.</def></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Inquisitive; curious. See <u>Inquisitive</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Pry"ing*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a prying manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pryt`a*ne"um</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; prytanis.] <i>(Gr. Antiq.)</i> <def>A public building in certain Greek cities; especially, a public hall in Athens regarded as the home of the community, in which official hospitality was extended to distinguished citizens and strangers.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pryt"a*nis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Prytanes</b></plw> (#). [L., fr. Gr. &?;.] <i>(Gr. Antiq.)</i> <def>A member of one of the ten sections into which the Athenian senate of five hundred was divided, and to each of which belonged the presidency of the senate for about one tenth of the year.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pryt"a*ny</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;.] <i>(Gr. Antiq.)</i> <def>The period during which the presidency of the senate belonged to the prytanes of the section.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pryth"ee</hw> (?), <pos><i>interj.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Prithee</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Psalm</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>psalm</i>, <i>salm</i>, AS. <i>sealm</i>, L. <i>psalmus</i>, <i>psalma</i>, fr. Gr. &?;, &?;, fr. &?; to pull, twitch, to play upon a stringed instrument, to sing to the harp: cf. OF. <i>psalme</i>, <i>salme</i>, F. <i>psaume</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A sacred song; a poetical composition for use in the praise or worship of God.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Humus devout and holy <i>psalms</i><BR> Singing everlastingly.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Especially, one of the hymns by David and others, collected into one book of the Old Testament, or a modern metrical version of such a hymn for public worship.</def></p>

<p><hw>Psalm</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To extol in psalms; to sing; as, <i>psalming</i> his praises.</def> <i>Sylvester.</i></p>

<p><hw>Psalm"ist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>psalmista</i>, Gr. &?;: cf. F. <i>psalmiste</i>. See <u>Psalm</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A writer or composer of sacred songs; — a title particularly applied to David and the other authors of the Scriptural psalms.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(R. C. Ch.)</i> <def>A clerk, precentor, singer, or leader of music, in the church.</def></p>

<p><hw>Psalm"ist*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The use of psalms in devotion; psalmody.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Psal*mod"ic</hw> (?), <hw>Psal*mod"ic*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>psalmodique</i>.] <def>Relating to psalmody.</def></p>

<p><hw>Psal"mo*dist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who sings sacred songs; a psalmist.</def></p>

<p><hw>Psal"mo*dize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To practice psalmody.</def> " The <i>psalmodizing</i> art." <i>J. G. Cooper.</i></p>

<p><hw>Psal"mo*dy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;; &?; psalm + &?; a song, an ode: cf. F. <i>psalmodie</i>, LL. <i>psalmodia</i>. See <u>Psalm</u>, and <u>Ode</u>.] <def>The act, practice, or art of singing psalms or sacred songs; also, psalms collectively, or a collection of psalms.</def></p>

<p><hw>Psal"mo*graph</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Psalmographer</u>.] <def>A writer of psalms; a psalmographer.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Psal*mog"ra*pher</hw> (?), <hw>Psal*mog"ra*phist</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>psalmographus</i>, Gr. &?;; &?; a psalm + &?; to write.] <def>A writer of psalms, or sacred songs and hymns.</def></p>

<p><hw>Psal*mog"ra*phy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>psalmographie</i>.] <def>The act or practice of writing psalms, or sacred songs.</def></p>

<p><hw>Psal"ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>psauter</i>, <i>sauter</i>, OF. <i>sautier</i>, <i>psaltier</i>, F. <i>psautier</i>, from L. <i>psalterium</i>. See <u>Psaltery</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The Book of Psalms; — often applied to a book containing the Psalms separately printed.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Specifically, the Book of Psalms as printed in the Book of Common Prayer; among the Roman Catholics, the part of the Breviary which contains the Psalms arranged for each day of the week.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(R. C. Ch.)</i> <def>A rosary, consisting of a hundred and fifty beads, corresponding to the number of the psalms.</def></p>

<p><hw>Psal*te"ri*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to the psalterium.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Psal*te"ri*um</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Psalteria</b></plw> (#). [L., a psaltery.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The third stomach of ruminants. See <u>Manyplies</u>.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The lyra of the brain.</def></p>

<p><hw>Psal"ter*y</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Psalteries</b></plw> (#). [OE. <i>sautrie</i>, OF. <i>psalterie</i>, F. <i>psalt&eacute;rion</i>, L. <i>psalterium</i> psaltery, psalter, from Gr. &?;, fr. &?;. See <u>Psalm</u>, <u>Psalter</u>.] <def>A stringed instrument of music used by the Hebrews, the form of which is not known.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Praise the Lord with harp; sing unto him with the <i>psaltery</i> and an instrument of ten strings.</blockquote> <i>Ps. xxxiii. 2.</i></p>

<p><hw>Psam"mite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; sandy, from &?; sand: cf. F. <i>psammite</i>.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>A species of micaceous sandstone.</def> — <wf>Psam*mit"ic</wf> (#), <pos><i>a.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Psar"o*lite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; speckled + <i>-lite</i>.] <i>(Paleon.)</i> <def>A silicified stem of tree fern, found in abundance in the Triassic sandstone.</def></p>

<p><hw>Psel"lism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to stammer.] <def>Indistinct pronunciation; stammering.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pse"phism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; a decree, fr. &?; to vote with a pebble, fr. &?; pebble.] <i>(Gr. Antiq.)</i> <def>A proposition adopted by a majority of votes; especially, one adopted by vote of the Athenian people; a statute.</def> <i>J. P. Mahaffy.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Pseu`d&aelig;s*the"si*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Pseudo-</u>, and <u>&AElig;sthesia</u>.] <i>(Physiol.)</i> <def>False or imaginary feeling or sense perception such as occurs in hypochondriasis, or such as is referred to an organ that has been removed, as an amputated foot.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pseu*dem"bry*o</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Pseudo-</i> + <i>embryo</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A false embryo.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>An asexual form from which the true embryo is produced by budding.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pseu*dep`i*graph"ic</hw> (?), <hw>Pseu*dep`i*graph"ic</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to pseudepigraphy.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pseu`de*pig"ra*phous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; falsely inscribed. See <u>Pseudo-</u>, and <u>Epigraphy</u>.] <def>Inscribed with a false name.</def> <i>Cudworth.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pseu`de*pig"ra*phy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The ascription of false names of authors to works.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pseud*h&aelig;"mal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Pseudo- </i> + <i>h&aelig;mal</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Pertaining to the vascular system of annelids.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Pseudh&aelig;mal fluid</b></col>, <cd>the circulatory fluid, or blood, of annelids, analogous to the blood of vertebrates. It is often red, but is sometimes green or colorless.</cd> — <col><b>Pseudh&aelig;mal vessels</b></col>, <cd>the blood vessels of annelids.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pseu"do-</hw> (?). [Gr. <grk>pseydh`s</grk> lying, false, akin to <grk>psey`dein</grk> to belie; cf. <grk>psydro`s</grk> lying, <grk>psy`qos</grk> a lie.] <def>A combining form or prefix signifying <i>false</i>, <i>counterfeit</i>, <i>pretended</i>, <i>spurious</i>; as, <i>pseudo</i>-apostle, a false apostle; <i>pseudo</i>-clergy, false or spurious clergy; <i>pseudo</i>-episcopacy, <i>pseudo</i>- form, <i>pseudo</i>-martyr, <i>pseudo</i>-philosopher. Also used adjectively.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pseu`do*bac*te"ri*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [<i>Pseudo-</i> + <i>bacteria</i>.] <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>Microscopic organic particles, molecular granules, powdered inorganic substances, etc., which in form, size, and grouping resemble bacteria.</def></p>

<p>The globules which divide and develop in form of chains are organized beings; when this does not occur, we are dealing with <i>pseudobacteria</i>. <i>Sternberg.</i> </p>

<p><! p. 1157 !></p>

<p><hw>||Pseu`do*blep"sis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. <grk>pseydh`s</grk> false + <grk>ble`psis</grk> sight.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>False or depraved sight; imaginary vision of objects.</def> <i>Forsyth.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pseu"do*branch</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Pseudobranchia</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pseu`do*bran"chi*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Pseudobranchi&aelig;</b></plw> (#). [NL. See <u>Pseudo-</u>, and <u>Branchia</u>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>A rudimentary branchia, or gill.</def> — <wf>Pseu`do*bran"chi*al</wf> (#), <pos><i>a.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Pseu"do-bulb`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Pseudo-</i> + <i>bulb</i>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>An a&euml;rial corm, or thickened stem, as of some epiphytic orchidaceous plants.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pseu"do*carp</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Pseudo-</i> + Gr. &?; fruit.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>That portion of an anthocarpous fruit which is not derived from the ovary, as the soft part of a strawberry or of a fig.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pseu`do-chi"na</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Pseudo-</i> + <i>china</i>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The false china root, a plant of the genus <i>Smilax</i> (<i>S. Pseudo-china</i>), found in America.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pseu"do*c&oelig;le</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Pseudoc&oelig;lia</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pseu`do*c&oelig;"li*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. <grk>pseydh`s</grk> false + &?; hollow.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>The fifth ventricle in the mammalian brain. See <u>Ventricle</u>.</def> <i>B. G. Wilder.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pseu"do-cone`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Pseudo-</i> + <i>cone</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of the soft gelatinous cones found in the compound eyes of certain insects, taking the place of the crystalline cones of others.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pseu`do-cu"mene</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Pseudo-</i> + <i>cumene</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A hydrocarbon of the aromatic series, metameric with mesitylene and cumene, found in coal tar, and obtained as a colorless liquid.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pseu`do-dip"ter*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Pseudo- </i> + <i>dipteral</i>: cf. F. <i>pseudodipt&egrave;re</i>.] <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>Falsely or imperfectly dipteral, as a temple with the inner range of columns surrounding the cella omitted, so that the space between the cella wall and the columns is very great, being equal to two intercolumns and one column.</def> — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A pseudo-dipteral temple.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pseu"do*dox</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>pseydo`doxos</grk>; <grk>pseydh`s</grk> false + <grk>do`xa</grk> an opinion.] <def>Not true in opinion or doctrine; false.</def> — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A false opinion or doctrine.</def> "To maintain the atheistical <i>pseudodox</i> which judgeth evil good, and darkness light." <i>T. Adams.</i> </p>

<p><hw>||Pseu`do*fi*la"ri*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Pseudofilari&?;</b></plw> (#). [NL. See <u>Pseudo-</u>, and <u>Filaria</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of the two elongated vibratile young formed by fission of the embryo during the development of certain Gregarin&aelig;.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pseu`do-ga*le"na</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Pseudo-</i> + <i>galena</i>.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>False galena, or blende. See <u>Blende</u> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pseu"do*graph</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Pseudography</u>.] <def>A false writing; a spurious document; a forgery.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pseu*dog"ra*phy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;; <grk>pseydh`s</grk> false + &?; to write.] <def>False writing; forgery.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pseu`do*hal"ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Pseudohalteres</b></plw> (#). [NL. See <u>Pseudo-</u>, and <u>Halteres</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of the rudimentary front wings of certain insects (<i>Stylops</i>). They resemble the halteres, or rudimentary hind wings, of Diptera.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pseu"do-heart`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Pseudo-</i> + <i>heart</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any contractile vessel of invertebrates which is not of the nature of a real heart, especially one of those pertaining to the excretory system.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pseu`do-hy`per*thoph"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Pseudo-</i> + <i>hypertrophic</i>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Falsely hypertrophic; as, <i>pseudo-hypertrophic</i> paralysis, a variety of paralysis in which the muscles are apparently enlarged, but are really degenerated and replaced by fat.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pseu*dol"o*gist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;.] <def>One who utters falsehoods; a liar.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pseu*dol"o*gy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;; <grk>pseydh`s</grk> false + &?; speech: cf. F. <i>pseudologie</i>.] <def>Falsehood of speech.</def> <i>Arbuthnot.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pseu`do-me*tal"lic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Pseudo- </i> + <i>metallic</i>.] <def>Falsely or imperfectly metallic; — said of a kind of luster, as in minerals.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pseu`do-mon`o*cot`y*led"on*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Pseudo-</i> + <i>monocotyledonous</i>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Having two coalescent cotyledons, as the live oak and the horse- chestnut.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pseu"do*morph</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Pseudomorphous</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>An irregular or deceptive form.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Crystallog.)</i> <def>A pseudomorphous crystal, as a crystal consisting of quartz, but having the cubic form of fluor spar, the fluor crystal having been changed to quartz by a process of substitution.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pseu`do*mor"phism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Crystallog.)</i> <def>The state of having, or the property of taking, a crystalline form unlike that which belongs to the species.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pseu`do*mor"phous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;; <grk>pseydh`s</grk> false + &?; form: cf. F. <i>pseudomorphe</i>.] <def>Not having the true form.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Pseudomorphous crystal</b></col>, <cd>one which has a form that does not result from its own powers of crystallization.</cd></p>

<p><hw>||Pseu`do*nav`i*cel"la</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Pseudonavicull&aelig;</b></plw> (#). [NL.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Pseudonavicula</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pseu`do*na*vic"u*la</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Pseudonavicul&aelig;</b></plw> (#). [NL., fr. Gr. <grk>pseydh`s</grk> false + NL. <i>navicula</i>, a genus of diatoms. See <u>Navicular</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of the minute spindle-shaped embryos of Gregarin&aelig; and some other Protozoa.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pseu`do*neu*rop"te*ra</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Pseudo-</u>, and <u>Neuroptera</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>division of insects <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> reticulated wings, as in the Neuroptera, but having an active pupa state. It includes the dragon flies, May flies, white ants, etc. By some zo&ouml;logists they are classed with the Orthoptera; by others, with the Neuroptera.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pseu`do*neu*rop"ter*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Zool.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to the Pseudoneuroptera.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pseu"do*nym</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>pseudonyme</i>. See <u>Pseudonymous</u>.] <def>A fictitious name assumed for the time, as by an author; a pen name.</def> [Written also <i>pseudonyme</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Pseu`do*nym"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The using of fictitious names, as by authors.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pseu*don"y*mous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;; <grk>pseydh`s</grk> false + &?;, &?;, a name: cf. F. <i>pseudonyme</i>. See <u>Pseudo-</u>, and <u>Name</u>.] <def>Bearing a false or fictitious name; as, a <i>pseudonymous</i> work.</def> — <wf>Pseu*don"y*mous*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Pseu*don"y*mous*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Pseu`do-pe*rip"ter*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Pseudo-</i> + <i>peripteral</i>: cf. F. <i>pseudop&eacute;ript&egrave;re</i>.] <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>Falsely or imperfectly peripteral, as a temple having the columns at the sides attached to the walls, and an ambulatory only at the ends or only at one end.</def> — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A pseudo-peripteral temple.</def> <i>Oxf. Gloss.</i> </p>

<p><hw>||Pseu"do*pod</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Pseudo-</i> + <i>-pod</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>Any protoplasmic filament or irregular process projecting from any unicellular organism, or from any animal or plant call.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A rhizopod.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pseu`do*po"di*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to a pseudopod, or to pseudopodia. See <i>Illust.</i> of <u>Heliozoa</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pseu`do*po"di*um</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Pseudopodia</b></plw> (&?;). [NL.] <def>Same as <u>Pseudopod</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pseu`do*pu"pa</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> L. <plw><b>Pseudopup&aelig;</b></plw> (#), E. <plw><b>Pseudopupas</b></plw> (#). [NL. See <u>Pseudo-</u>, and <u>Pupa</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A stage intermediate between the larva and pupa of bees and certain other hymenopterous insects.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pseu`do*rhab"dite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Pseudo- </i> + Gr. &?; a rod.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of the peculiar rodlike corpuscles found in the integument of certain Turbellaria. They are filled with a soft granular substance.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pseu`do-ro*man"tic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>Pseudo- </i> + <i>romantic</i>.] <def>Falsely romantic.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The false taste, the <i>pseudo-romantic</i> rage.</blockquote> <i>De Quincey.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pseu"do*scope</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Pseudo-</i> + <i>-scope</i>.] <i>(Opt.)</i> <def>An instrument which exhibits objects with their proper relief reversed; — an effect opposite to that produced by the stereoscope.</def> <i>Wheatstone.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pseu`do*scop"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Opt.)</i> <def>Of, pertaining to, or formed by, a pseudoscope; having its parts appearing with the relief reversed; as, a <i>pseudoscopic</i> image.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pseu`do*scor`pi*o"nes</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Pseudo-</u>, and <u>Scorpion</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>An order of Arachnoidea having the palpi terminated by large claws, as in the scorpions, but destitute of a caudal sting; the false scorpions. Called also <i>Pseudoscorpii</i>, and <i>Pseudoscorpionina</i>. See <i>Illust.</i> of <i>Book scorpion</i>, under Book.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pseu"do*sphere`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Pseudo-</i> + <i>sphere</i>.] <i>(Geom.)</i> <def>The surface of constant negative curvature generated by the revolution of a tractrix. This surface corresponds in non-Euclidian space to the sphere in ordinary space. An important property of the surface is that any figure drawn upon it can be displaced in any way without tearing it or altering in size any of its elements.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pseu"do*spore`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Pseudo-</i> + <i>spore</i>.] <i>(Bot.)</i><def>A peculiar reproductive cell found in some fungi.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pseu`do*stel"la</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>-l&aelig;</b></plw>. [NL., fr. Gr. <grk>pseydh`s</grk> false + L. <i>stella</i> star.] <i>(Astron.)</i> <def>Any starlike meteor or phenomenon.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>||Pseu*dos"to*ma</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Pseudostomata</b></plw> (#). [NL. See <u>Pseudo-</u>, and <u>Stoma</u>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>A group of cells resembling a stoma, but without any true aperture among them.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pseu`do-sym*met"ric</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Crystallog.)</i> <def>Exhibiting pseudo-symmetry.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pseu`do-sym"me*try</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Pseudo- </i> + <i>symmetry</i>.] <i>(Crystallog.)</i> <def>A kind of symmetry characteristic of certain crystals which from twinning, or other causes, come to resemble forms of a system other than that to which they belong, as the apparently hexagonal prisms of aragonite.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pseu`do*te*tram"e*ra</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Pseudo-</u>, and <u>Tetramerous</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A division of beetles having the fifth tarsal joint minute and obscure, so that there appear to be but four joints.</def> — <wf>Pseu`do*te*tram"er*al</wf> (#), <pos><i>a.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>||Pseu`do*tin"e*a</hw> (&?;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Pseudotine&aelig;</b></plw> (#). [NL. See <u>Pseudo-</u>, and <u>Tinea</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The bee moth, or wax moth (<i>Galleria</i>).</def></p>

<p><hw>Pseu`do*tur"bi*nal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Pseudo- </i> + <i>turbinal</i>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>See under <u>Turbinal</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pseu*do"va*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Pseudovaries</b></plw> (#). [<i>Pseudo-</i> + <i>ovary</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The organ in which pseudova are produced; — called also <i>pseudovarium</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pseu*do"vum</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Pseudova</b></plw> (#). [NL. See <u>Pseudo-</u>, and <u>Ovum</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>An egglike germ produced by the agamic females of some insects and other animals, and by the larv&aelig; of certain insects. It is capable of development without fertilization. See <i>Illust.</i> of <u>P&aelig;dogenesis</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pshaw</hw> (?), <pos><i>interj.</i></pos> [Of imitative origin.] <def>Pish! pooch! — an exclamation used as an expression of contempt, disdain, dislike, etc.</def> [Written also <i>psha</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Pshaw</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To express disgust or contemptuous disapprobation, as by the exclamation " <i>Pshaw</i>!"</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The goodman used regularly to frown and <i>pshaw</i> wherever this topic was touched upon.</blockquote> <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><hw>Psi`lan*throp"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [see <u>Psilanthropist</u>.] <def>Pertaining to, or embodying, psilanthropy. "A <i>psilanthropic</i> explanation."</def> <i>Coleridge.</i></p>

<p><hw>Psi*lan"thro*pism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Psilanthropy.</def></p>

<p><hw>Psi*lan"thro*pist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; bare, mere + &?; a man.] <def>One who believes that Christ was a mere man.</def> <i>Smart.</i></p>

<p><hw>Psi*lan"thro*py</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The doctrine of the merely human existence of Christ.</def></p>

<p><hw>Psi*lol"o*gy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr &?; mere + <i>- logy</i>.] <def>Love of empty of empty talk or noise.</def> <i>Coleridge.</i></p>

<p><hw>Psi*lom"e*lane</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; bare + &?;, &?;, black.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>A hydrous oxide of manganese, occurring in smooth, botryoidal forms, and massive, and having an iron-black or steel-gray color.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Psi`lo*p&aelig;"des</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., from Gr.&?; bare + &?;, &?;, offspring.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>birds whose young at first have down on the pteryl&aelig; only; - - called also <i>Gymnop&aelig;des</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Psi`lo*p&aelig;d"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Having down upon the pteryl&aelig; only; — said of the young of certain birds.</def></p>

<p><hw>Psi*los"o*pher</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; bare, mere + &?; wise.] <def>A superficial or narrow pretender to philosophy; a sham philosopher.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Psit*ta"ceous</hw> (?), <hw>Psit"ta*cid</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>psittacus</i> a parrot, Gr. &?;: cf. F. <i>psittacide</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to the parrots, or the Psittaci.</def> — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One of the Psittaci.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Psit"ta*ci</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The order of birds which comprises the parrots.</def></p>

<p><hw>Psit`ta-co-ful"*vine</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; a parrot + L. <i>fulvus</i> yellow.] <def>A yellow pigment found in the feathers of certain parrots.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pso"as</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; a muscle of the loin: cf. f. <i>psoas</i>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>An internal muscle arising from the lumbar vertebr&aelig; and inserted into the femur. In man there are usually two on each side, and the larger one, or great psoas, forms a part of the iliopsoas.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pso"ra</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., fr. Gr. &?;.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>A cutaneous disease; especially, the itch.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pso*ri"a*sis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; psora.] <i>(Med.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The state of being affected with psora.</def> [Obs.] <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A cutaneous disease, characterized by imbricated silvery scales, affecting only the superficial layers of the skin.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pso"ric</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>psoricus</i>, Gr. &?;: cf. F. <i>psorique</i>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to psora.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pso"ro*sperm</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; itching + &?; seed.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A minute parasite, usually the young of Gregarin&aelig;, in the pseudonavicula stage.</def></p>

<p><hw>Psy`cha*gog"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;. See <u>Psychagogue</u>.] <def>Attractive; persuasive.</def> <i>J. Morley.</i></p>

<p><hw>Psy"cha*gogue</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr.&?;; &?; the soul + &?; to lead.] <def>A necromancer.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Psy"chal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See <u>Psychical</u>.] <def>Of or pertaining to the soul; psychical.</def> <i>Bayne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Psy"che</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., fr. Gr. <grk>PSychh`</grk> Psyche, fr. <grk>psychh`</grk> the soul.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Class Myth.)</i> <def>A lovely maiden, daughter of a king and mistress of Eros, or Cupid. She is regarded as the personification of the soul.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The soul; the vital principle; the mind.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> [F. <i>psych&eacute;</i>.] <def>A cheval glass.</def></p>

<p><hw>Psy"chi*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any small moth of the genus <i>Psyche</i> and allied genera (family <i>Psychid&aelig;</i>). The larv&aelig; are called <i>basket worms</i>. See <i>Basket worm</i>, under <u>Basket</u>.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>||Psy*chi`a*tri"a</hw> (?), <hw>Psy*chi"a*try</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL. <i>psychiatria</i>, fr. Gr. &?; the mind + &?; healing.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>The application of the healing art to mental diseases.</def> <i>Dunglison.</i></p>

<p><hw>Psy`chi*at"ric</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to psychiatria.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Psy"chic</hw> (?), <hw>Psy"chic*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>psychicus</i>, Gr. &?;, fr. <grk>psychh`</grk> the soul, mind; cf. &?; to blow: cf. F. <i>psychique</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Of or pertaining to the human soul, or to the living principle in man.</def></p>

<p>&fist; This term was formerly used to express the same idea as <i>psychological</i>. Recent metaphysicians, however, have employed it to mark the difference between <grk>psychh`</grk> the living principle in man, and <grk>pney^ma</grk> the rational or spiritual part of his nature. In this use, the word describes the human soul in its relation to sense, appetite, and the outer visible world, as distinguished from spiritual or rational faculties, which have to do with the supersensible world. <i>Heyse.</i> </p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Of or pertaining to the mind, or its functions and diseases; mental; — contrasted with <i>physical</i>.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Psychical blindness</b></col>, <col><b>Psychical deafness</b></col> <i>(Med.)</i>, <cd>forms of nervous disease in which, while the senses of sight and hearing remain unimpaired, the mind fails to appreciate the significance of the sounds heard or the images seen.</cd> — <col><b>Psychical contagion</b></col>, <cd>the transference of disease, especially of a functional nervous disease, by mere force of example.</cd> — <col><b>Psychical medicine</b></col>, <cd>that department of medicine which treats of mental diseases.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Psy"chics</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Psychology.</def></p>

<p><hw>Psy"chism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>psychisme</i>.] <i>(Philos.)</i> <def>The doctrine of Quesne, that there is a fluid universally diffused, end equally animating all living beings, the difference in their actions being due to the difference of the individual organizations.</def> <i>Fleming.</i></p>

<p><! p. 1158 !></p>

<p><hw>Psy"cho-</hw> (?). <def>A combining form from Gr. <grk>psychh`</grk> <i>the soul</i>, <i>the mind</i>, <i>the understanding</i>; as, <i>psycho</i>logy.</def></p>

<p><hw>Psy`cho*gen"e*sis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Genesis through an internal force, as opposed to <i>natural selection</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Psy*chog"ra*phy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Psycho-</i> + <i>-graphy</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A description of the phenomena of mind.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Spiritualism)</i> <def>Spirit writing.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Psy`cho*log"ic</hw> (?), <hw>Psy`cho*log"ic*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>psychologique</i>.] <def>Of or pertaining to psychology. See Note under <u>Psychic</u>.</def> — <wf>Psy`cho*log"ic*al*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Psy*chol"o*gist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>psychologiste</i>.] <def>One who is versed in, devoted to, psychology.</def></p>

<p><hw>Psy"cho*logue</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A psychologist.</def></p>

<p><hw>Psy*chol"o*gy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Psychologies</b></plw> (&?;). [<i>Psycho-</i> + <i>-logy</i>: cf. F. <i>psychologie</i>. See <u>Psychical</u>.] <def>The science of the human soul; specifically, the systematic or scientific knowledge of the powers and functions of the human soul, so far as they are known by consciousness; a treatise on the human soul.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Psychology</i>, the science conversant about the phenomena of the mind, or conscious subject, or self.</blockquote> <i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Psy*chom"a*chy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>psychomachia</i>, fr. Gr. <grk>psychh`</grk> the soul + &?; fight: cf. &?; desperate fighting.] <def>A conflict of the soul with the body.</def></p>

<p><hw>Psy"cho*man`cy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Psycho-</i> + <i>-mancy</i>: cf. F. <i>psychomancie</i>.] <def>Necromancy.</def></p>

<p><hw>Psy*chom"e*try</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Psycho-</i> + <i>-metry</i>.] <i>(Physiol.)</i> <def>The art of measuring the duration of mental processes, or of determining the time relations of mental phenomena.</def> — <wf>Psy`cho*met"ric</wf> (#), <pos><i>a.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Psy`cho-mo"tor</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Psycho-</i> + <i>motor</i>.] <def>Of or pertaining to movement produced by action of the mind or will.</def></p>

<p><hw>Psy"cho*pan"ny*chism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Psycho- </i> + Gr. &?; to spend all night long; &?;, &?;, all + &?; night.] <i>(Theol.)</i> <def>The doctrine that the soul falls asleep at death, and does not wake until the resurrection of the body.</def> — <wf>Psy`cho*pan"ny*chism</wf> (#), <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Psy*chop"a*thy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Psycho-</i> + Gr. &?;, &?;.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Mental disease. See <u>Psychosis</u>, 2.</def> — <wf>Psy`cho*path"ic</wf>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> — <wf>Psy*chop"a*thist</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Psy`cho*phys"ic*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to psychophysics; involving the action or mutual relations of the psychical and physical in man.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Psychophysical time</b></col> <i>(Physiol.)</i>, <cd>the time required for the mind to transform a sensory impression into a motor impulse. It is an important part of <i>physiological</i> or <i>reaction time</i>. See under <u>Reaction</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Psy`cho*phys"ics</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Psycho-</i> + <i>physics</i>.] <def>The science of the connection between nerve action and consciousness; the science which treats of the relations of the psychical and physical in their conjoint operation in man; the doctrine of the relation of function or dependence between body and soul.</def></p>

<p><hw>Psy"cho*pomp</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;; <grk>psychh`</grk> the soul + &?; to send: cf. F. <i>psychopompe</i>.] <i>(Myth.)</i> <def>A leader or guide of souls .</def> <i>J. Fiske.</i></p>

<p><hw>Psy*cho"sis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Psycho- </u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Any vital action or activity.</def> <i>Mivart.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>A disease of the mind; especially, a functional mental disorder, that is, one unattended with evident organic changes.</def></p>

<p><hw>Psy`cho*zo"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Psycho-</i> + Gr. &?; life.] <i>(Geol.)</i><def>Designating, or applied to the Era of man; as, the <i>psychozoic</i> era.</def></p>

<p><hw>Psy*chrom"e*ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>psychro`s</grk> cold + <i>-meter</i>: cf. F. <i>psychrom&egrave;tre</i>.] <def>An instrument for measuring the tension of the aqueous vapor in the atmosphere, being essentially a wet and dry bulb hygrometer.</def></p>

<p><hw>Psy`chro*met"ric*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to the psychrometer or psychrometry.</def></p>

<p><hw>Psy*chrom"e*try</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Hygrometry.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Psyl"la</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Psyll&aelig;</b></plw> (#). [NL., from Gr. &?; a flea.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any leaping plant louse of the genus <i>Psylla</i>, or family <i>Psyllid&aelig;</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ptar"mi*gan</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gael. <i>tarmachan</i>; cf. Ir. <i>tarmochan</i>, <i>tarmonach</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any grouse of the genus <i>Lagopus</i>, of which numerous species are known. The feet are completely feathered. Most of the species are brown in summer, but turn white, or nearly white, in winter.</def></p>

<p>&fist; They chiefly inhabit the northern countries and high mountains of Europe, Asia, and America. The common European species is <i>Lagopus mutus</i>. The Scotch grouse, red grouse, or moor fowl (<i>L. Scoticus</i>), is reddish brown, and does not turn white in winter. The white, or willow, ptarmigan (<i>L. albus</i>) is found in both Europe and America.</p>

<p><hw>||Pte`no*glos"sa</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr.&?; feathered + &?; tongue.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A division of gastropod mollusks having the teeth of the radula arranged in long transverse rows, somewhat like the barbs of a feather.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pte`no*glos"sate</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to the Ptenoglossa.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pte*ran"o*don</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; wing + &?; priv. + &?;, &?;, a tooth.] <i>(Paleon.)</i> <def>A genus of American Cretaceous pterodactyls destitute of teeth. Several species are known, some of which had an expanse of wings of twenty feet or more.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pte*ran`o*don"ti*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL.] <i>(Paleon.)</i> <def>A group of pterodactyls destitute of teeth, as in the genus <i>Pteranodon</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pte*rich"thys</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?; wing + &?; fish.] <i>(Paleon.)</i> <def>A genus of Devonian fossil fishes with winglike appendages. The head and most of the body were covered with large bony plates. See <u>Placodermi</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pter`i*dol"o*gist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who is versed in pteridology.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pter`i*dol"o*gy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;, &?;, a fern + <i>-logy</i>.] <def>That department of botany which treats of ferns.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pter`i*do*ma"ni*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;, &?;, a fern + E. <i>mania</i>.] <def>A madness, craze, or strong fancy, for ferns.</def> [R.] <i>C. Kingsley.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Pter`i*doph"y*ta</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., from Gr. &?;, &?;, a fern + &?; a plant.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A class of flowerless plants, embracing ferns, horsetails, club mosses, quillworts, and other like plants. See the Note under <u>Cryptogamia</u>.</def> — <wf>Pter"i*do*phyte`</wf> (#), <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p>&fist; This is a modern term, devised to replace the older ones <i>acrogens</i> and <i>vascular Cryptogamia</i>.</p>

<p><hw>||Pter`o*bran"chi*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a wing + &?; &?;.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>An order of marine Bryozoa, having a bilobed lophophore and an axial cord. The genus Rhabdopleura is the type. Called also <i>Podostomata</i>. See <u>Rhabdopleura</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pte*roc"e*ras</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a wing + &?; a horn.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A genus of large marine gastropods having the outer border of the lip divided into lobes; — called also <i>scorpion shell</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pter`o*cle"tes</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr <i>Pterocles</i>, the typical genus, fr. Gr. &?; feather + &?;, &?;, a key, tongue of a clasp.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A division of birds including the sand grouse. They are in some respects intermediate between the pigeons and true grouse. Called also <i>Pteroclomorph&aelig;</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pter`o*dac"tyl</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; a wing + &?; finger, toe: cf. F. <i>pt&eacute;rodactyle</i>.] <i>(Paleon.)</i> <def>An extinct flying reptile; one of the Pterosauria. See <i>Illustration</i> in Appendix.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pter`o*dac"ty*li</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL.] <i>(Paleon.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Pterosauria</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pter`o*glos"sal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; a feather + &?; tongue.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Having the tongue finely notched along the sides, so as to have a featherlike appearance, as the toucans.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pte"ron</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a wing.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>The region of the skull, in the temporal fossa back of the orbit, where the great wing of the sphenoid, the temporal, the parietal, and the frontal hones approach each other.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pter`o*pap"pi</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., from Gr. &?; a feather, a bird + &?; a grandfather.] <i>(Zool.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Odontotorm&aelig;</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pter"o*phore</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; a feather + &?; to bear.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any moth of the genus <i>Pterophorus</i> and allied genera; a plume moth. See <i>Plume moth</i>, under <u>Plume</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pter"o*pod</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; wing-footed; &?; a feather, wing + &?;, &?;, foot: cf. F. <i>pt&eacute;ropode</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of the Pteropoda.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pte*rop"o*da</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A class of Mollusca in which the anterior lobes of the foot are developed in the form of broad, thin, winglike organs, with which they swim at near the surface of the sea.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The Pteropoda are divided into two orders: <i>Cymnosomata</i>, which have the body entirely naked and the head distinct from the wings; and <i>Thecosomata</i>, which have a delicate transparent shell of various forms, and the head not distinct from the wings.</p>

<p><hw>Pte*rop"o*dous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to the Pteropoda.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pter"o*saur</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; wind + &?; a lizard.] <i>(Paleon.)</i> <def>A pterodactyl.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pter`o*sau"ri*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL.] <i>(Paleon.)</i> <def>An extinct order of flying reptiles of the Mesozoic age; the pterodactyls; — called also <i>Pterodactyli</i>, and <i>Ornithosauria</i>.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The wings were formed, like those of bats, by a leathery expansion of the skin, principally supported by the greatly enlarged outer or " little" fingers of the hands. The American Cretaceous pterodactyls had no teeth. See <u>Pteranodontia</u>, and <u>Pterodactyl</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Pter`o*sau"ri*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Paleon.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to the Pterosauria.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pter`o*stig"ma</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Pterostigmata</b></plw> (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; wing + &?;, &?;, a mark.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A thickened opaque spot on the wings of certain insects.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pte*ro"tic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; wing + &?;, &?;, ear.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to, or designating, a bone between the pro&ouml;tic and epiotic in the dorsal and outer part of the periotic capsule of many fishes.</def> — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The pterotic bone.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The <i>pterotic bone</i> is so called because fancied in some cases to resemble in form a bird's wing</p>

<p><hw>||Pte*ryg"i*um</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> E. <plw><b>Pterygiums</b></plw> (#), L. <plw><b>Pterygia</b></plw> (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, properly a dim, akin to &?; a feather.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>A superficial growth of vascular tissue radiating in a fanlike manner from the cornea over the surface of the eye.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pter"y*goid</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;, &?;, a wing + <i>-oid</i>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>Like a bird's wing in form; as, a <i>pterygoid</i> bone.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>Of, pertaining to, or in the region of, the pterygoid bones, pterygoid processes, or the whole sphenoid bone.</def> — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A pterygoid bone.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Pterygoid bone</b></col> <i>(Anat.)</i>, <cd>a bone which corresponds to the inner plate of the pterygoid process of the human skull, but which, in all vertebrates below mammals, is not connected with the posterior nares, but serves to connect the palatine bones with the point of suspension of the lower jaw.</cd> — <col><b>Pterygoid process</b></col> <i>(Anat.)</i>, <cd>a process projecting downward from either side of the sphenoid bone, in man divided into two plates, an inner and an outer. The posterior nares pass through the space, called the <i>pterygoid fossa</i>, between the processes.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pter`y*go*max"il*la*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Pterygoid</i> + <i>maxillary</i>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to the inner pterygoid plate, or pterygoid bone, and the lower jaw.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pter`y*go*pal"a*tine</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Pterygoid</i> + <i>palatine</i>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to the pterygoid processes and the palatine bones.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pter`y*go*po"di*um</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Pterygopodia</b></plw> (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, &?;, a fin + &?;, dim. of &?;, &?;, a foot.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>A specially modified part of the ventral fin in male elasmobranchs, which serves as a copulatory organ, or clasper.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pter`y*go*quad"rate</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Pterygoid</i> + <i>quadrate</i>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Of, pertaining to, or representing the pterygoid and quadrate bones or cartilages.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pte*ry"la</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Pteryl&aelig;</b></plw> (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; feather + &?; wood, forest.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of the definite areas of the skin of a bird on which feathers grow; — contrasted with <i>apteria</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pter`y*log"ra*phy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Pteryla</i> + <i>-graphy</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The study or description of the arrangement of feathers, or of the pteryl&aelig;, of birds.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pter`y*lo"sis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. NL. & E. <i>pteryla</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The arrangement of feathers in definite areas.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ptil"o*cerque</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; a feather + &?; tail.] <i>(Zool.)</i> <def>The pentail.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Ptil`o*p&aelig;"des</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a feather + &?;, &?;, offspring.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Dasyp&aelig;des</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ptil`o*p&aelig;d"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Having nearly the whole surface of the skin covered with down; dasyp&aelig;dic; — said of the young of certain birds.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pti*lop"te*ri</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a downy feather + &?; wing.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>An order of birds including only the penguins.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pti*lo"sis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr &?; a feather.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Pterylosis</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ptis"an</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>ptisana</i> peeled barley, barley water, Gr. &?;, from &?; to peel, husk; cf. F. <i>ptisane</i>, <i>tisane</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A decoction of barley with other ingredients; a farinaceous drink.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>An aqueous medicine, containing little, if any, medicinal agent; a tea or tisane.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ptol`e*ma"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to <i>Ptolemy</i>, the geographer and astronomer.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Ptolemaic system</b></col> <i>(Astron.)</i>, <cd>the system maintained by Ptolemy, who supposed the earth to be fixed in the center of the universe, with the sun and stars revolving around it. This theory was received for ages, until superseded by the Copernican system.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Ptol"e*ma`ist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who accepts the astronomical system of Ptolemy.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pto"ma*ine</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From Gr. &?; a dead body.] <i>(Physiol. Chem.)</i> <def>One of a class of animal bases or alkaloids formed in the putrefaction of various kinds of albuminous matter, and closely related to the vegetable alkaloids; a cadaveric poison. The ptomaines, as a class, have their origin in dead matter, by which they are to be distinguished from the <i>leucomaines</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pto"sis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a falling.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Drooping of the upper eyelid, produced by paralysis of its levator muscle.</def></p>

<p><! p. 1159 !></p>

<p><hw>Pty"a*lin</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; spittle. See <u>Ptyalism</u>.] <i>(Physiol. Chem.)</i> <def>An unorganized amylolytic ferment, on enzyme, present in human mixed saliva and in the saliva of some animals.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pty"a*lism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to spit much, fr. &?; spittle, fr. &?; to spit: cf. F. <i>ptyalisme</i>.] <def>Salivation, or an excessive flow of saliva.</def> <i>Quain.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pty*al"o*gogue</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; spittle + &?; driving.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>A ptysmagogue.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ptys"ma*gogue</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; spittle + &?; driving: cf. F. <i>ptysmagogue</i>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>A medicine that promotes the discharge of saliva.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Ptyx"is</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a folding.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The way in which a leaf is sometimes folded in the bud.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pub"ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Perhaps fr. <i>bubble</i>.] <def>Puffed out, pursy; pudgy; fat.</def> [Obs.] <i>Drant.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pu"ber*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [From L. <i>puber</i>, <i>pubes</i>, grown up, adult.] <def>Of or pertaining to puberty.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pu"ber*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>pubertas</i>, fr. <i>puber</i>, <i>pubes</i>, adult: cf. F. <i>pubert&eacute;</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The earliest age at which persons are capable of begetting or bearing children, usually considered, in temperate climates, to be about fourteen years in males and twelve in females.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The period when a plant first bears flowers.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pu*ber"u*lent</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See <u>Pubis</u>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Very minutely downy.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pu"bes</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., the hair which appears on the body at puberty, from <i>pubes</i> adult.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Anat.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The hair which appears upon the lower part of the hypogastric region at the age of puberty.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>Hence (as more commonly used), the lower part of the hypogastric region; the pubic region.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The down of plants; a downy or villous substance which grows on plants; pubescence.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pu*bes"cence</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>pubescence</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The quality or state of being pubescent, or of having arrived at puberty.</def> <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A covering of soft short hairs, or down, as one some plants and insects; also, the state of being so covered.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pu*bes"cen*cy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Pubescence.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pu*bes"cent</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>pubescens</i>, <i>-entis</i>, p. pr. of <i>pubescere</i> to reach puberty, to grow hairy or mossy, fr. <i>pubes</i> pubes: cf. F. <i>pubescent</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Arrived at puberty.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>That . . . the men (are) <i>pubescent</i> at the age of twice seven, is accounted a punctual truth.</blockquote> <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Covered with pubescence, or fine short hairs, as certain insects, and the leaves of some plants.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pu"bic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to the pubes; in the region of the pubes; as, the <i>pubic</i> bone; the <i>pubic</i> region, or the lower part of the hypogastric region. See <u>Pubes</u>.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>Of or pertaining to the pubis.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pu"bis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Pubes</u>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>The ventral and anterior of the three principal bones composing either half of the pelvis; sharebone; pubic bone.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pub"lic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>publicus</i>, <i>poblicus</i>, fr. <i>populus</i> people: cf. F. <i>public</i>. See <u>People</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Of or pertaining to the people; belonging to the people; relating to, or affecting, a nation, state, or community; — opposed to <i>private</i>; as, the <i>public</i> treasury.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>To the <i>public</i> good<BR> Private respects must yield.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>He [Alexander Hamilton] touched the dead corpse of the <i>public</i> credit, and it sprung upon its feet.</blockquote> <i>D. Webster.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Open to the knowledge or view of all; general; common; notorious; as, <i>public</i> report; <i>public</i> scandal.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Joseph, . . . not willing to make her a <i>public</i> example, was minded to put her away privily.</blockquote> <i>Matt. i. 19.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Open to common or general use; as, a <i>public</i> road; a <i>public</i> house.</def> "The <i>public</i> street." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Public act</b></col> or <col><b>statute</b></col> <i>(Law)</i>, <cd>an act or statute affecting matters of public concern. Of such statutes the courts take judicial notice.</cd> — <col><b>Public credit</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Credit</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Public funds</b></col>. <cd>See <u>Fund</u>, 3.</cd> — <col><b>Public house</b></col>, <cd>an inn, or house of entertainment.</cd> — <col><b>Public law</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>See <i>International law</i>, under <u>International</u>.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>A public act or statute.</cd> — <col><b>Public nuisance</b></col>. <i>(Law)</i> <cd>See under <u>Nuisance</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Public orator</b></col>. <i>(Eng. Universities)</i> <cd>See <u>Orator</u>, 3.</cd> — <col><b>Public stores</b></col>, <cd>military and naval stores, equipments, etc.</cd> — <col><b>Public works</b></col>, <cd>all fixed works built by civil engineers for public use, as railways, docks, canals, etc.; but strictly, military and civil engineering works constructed at the public cost.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pub"lic</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The general body of mankind, or of a nation, state, or community; the people, indefinitely; as, the American <i>public</i>; also, a particular body or aggregation of people; as, an author's <i>public</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>public</i> is more disposed to censure than to praise.</blockquote> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A public house; an inn.</def> [Scot.] <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><col><b>In public</b></col>, <cd>openly; before an audience or the people at large; not in private or secrecy.</cd> "We are to speak <i>in public</i>." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pub"li*can</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>publicanus</i>: cf. F. <i>publicain</i>. See <u>Public</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Rom. Antiq.)</i> <def>A farmer of the taxes and public revenues; hence, a collector of toll or tribute. The inferior officers of this class were often oppressive in their exactions, and were regarded with great detestation.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>As Jesus at meat . . . many <i>publicans</i> and sinners came and sat down with him and his disciples.</blockquote> <i>Matt. 1x. 10.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>How like a fawning <i>publican</i> he looks!</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The keeper of an inn or public house; one licensed to retail beer, spirits, or wine.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pub`li*ca"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>publicatio</i> confiscation: cf. F. <i>publication</i>. See <u>Publish</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of publishing or making known; notification to the people at large, either by words, writing, or printing; proclamation; divulgation; promulgation; as, the <i>publication</i> of the law at Mount Sinai; the <i>publication</i> of the gospel; the <i>publication</i> of statutes or edicts.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The act of offering a book, pamphlet, engraving, etc., to the public by sale or by gratuitous distribution.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>publication</i> of these papers was not owing to our folly, but that of others.</blockquote> <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>That which is published or made known; especially, any book, pamphlet, etc., offered for sale or to public notice; as, a daily or monthly <i>publication</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>An act done in public.</def> [R. & Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>His jealousy . . . attends the business, the recreations, the <i>publications</i>, and retirements of every man.</blockquote> <i>Jer. Taylor.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Publication of a libel</b></col> <i>(Law)</i>, <cd>such an exhibition of a libel as brings it to the notice of at least one person other than the person libeled.</cd> — <col><b>Publication of a will</b></col> <i>(Law)</i>, <cd>the delivery of a will, as his own, by a testator to witnesses who attest it.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pub"lic-heart`ed</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Public- spirited.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Pub"li*cist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>publiciste</i>.] <def>A writer on the laws of nature and nations; one who is versed in the science of public right, the principles of government, etc.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The Whig leaders, however, were much more desirous to get rid of Episcopacy than to prove themselves consummate <i>publicists</i> and logicians.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pub*lic"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>publicit&eacute;</i>.] <def>The quality or state of being public, or open to the knowledge of a community; notoriety; publicness.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pub"lic*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>With exposure to popular view or notice; without concealment; openly; as, property <i>publicly</i> offered for sale; an opinion <i>publicly</i> avowed; a declaration <i>publicly</i> made.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>In the name of the community.</def> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pub"lic-mind`ed</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Public- spirited.</def> — <wf>Pub"lic-mind`ed*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Pub"lic*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The quality or state of being public, or open to the view or notice of people at large; publicity; notoriety; as, the <i>publicness</i> of a sale.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The quality or state of belonging to the community; as, the <i>publicness</i> of property.</def> <i>Boyle.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pub"lic-spir`it*ed</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Having, or exercising, a disposition to advance the interest of the community or public; as, <i>public- spirited</i> men.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Dictated by a regard to public good; as, a <i>public-spirited</i> project or measure.</def> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p>— <wf>Pub"lic-spir`it*ed*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Pub"lic-spir`it*ed*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Pub"lish</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Published</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Publishing</u>.] [F. <i>publier</i>, L. <i>publicare</i>, <i>publicatum</i>. See <u>Public</u>, and <u>-ish</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To make public; to make known to mankind, or to people in general; to divulge, as a private transaction; to promulgate or proclaim, as a law or an edict.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Published</i> was the bounty of her name.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The unwearied sun, from day to day,<BR>
Does his Creator's power display,<BR>
And <i>publishes</i> to every land<BR>
The work of an almighty hand.</blockquote> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To make known by posting, or by reading in a church; as, to <i>publish</i> banns of marriage.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To send forth, as a book, newspaper, musical piece, or other printed work, either for sale or for general distribution; to print, and issue from the press.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To utter, or put into circulation; as, to <i>publish</i> counterfeit paper.</def> [U.S.]</p>

<p><col><b>To publish a will</b></col> <i>(Law)</i>, <cd>to acknowledge it before the witnesses as the testator's last will and testament.</cd></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — To announce; proclaim; advertise; declare; promulgate; disclose; divulge; reveal. See <u>Announce</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Pub"lish*a*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Capable of being published; suitable for publication.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pub"lish*er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who publishes; as, a <i>publisher</i> of a book or magazine.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>For love of you, not hate unto my friend,<BR> Hath made me <i>publisher</i> of this pretense.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pub"lish*ment</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act or process of making publicly known; publication.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A public notice of intended marriage, required by the laws of some States.</def> [U.S.]</p>

<p><hw>Puc*coon"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From the American Indian name.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Any one of several plants yielding a red pigment which is used by the North American Indians, as the bloodroot and two species of <i>Lithospermum</i> (<i>L. hirtum</i>, and <i>L. canescens</i>); also, the pigment itself.</def></p>

<p><hw>Puce</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [F., fr. <i>puce</i> a flea, L. <i>pulex</i>, <i>pulicis</i>.] <def>Of a dark brown or brownish purple color.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pu"cel</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Pucelle</u>.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Pu"cel*age</hw> (?; 48), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F.] <def>Virginity.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>||Pu*celle"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., fr. LL. <i>pulicella</i>, fr. L. <i>pullus</i> a young animal. See <u>Pullet</u>.] <def>A maid; a virgin.</def> [Written also <i>pucel</i>.] [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Lady or <i>pucelle</i>, that wears mask or fan.</blockquote> <i>B. Jonson.</i></p>

<p><col><b>La Pucelle</b></col>, <cd>the Maid of Orleans, Joan of Arc.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pu"ce*ron</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., from <i>puce</i> a flea. See <u>Puce</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any plant louse, or aphis.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pu"cher*ite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [So named from the <i>Pucher</i> Mine, in Saxony.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>Vanadate of bismuth, occurring in minute reddish brown crystals.</def></p>

<p><hw>Puck</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>pouke</i>; cf. OSw. <i>puke</i>, Icel. <i>p&umacr;ki</i> an evil demon, W. <i>pwca</i> a hobgoblin. Cf. <u>Poker</u> a bugbear, <u>Pug</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Medi&aelig;val Myth.)</i> <def>A celebrated fairy, "the merry wanderer of the night;" — called also <i>Robin Goodfellow</i>, <i>Friar Rush</i>, <i>Pug</i>, etc.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>He meeteth <i>Puck</i>, whom most men call<BR> Hobgoblin, and on him doth fall.</blockquote> <i>Drayton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The goatsucker.</def> [Prov. Eng.]</p>

<p><hw>Puck"ball`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Puck</i> + <i>ball</i>.] <def>A puffball.</def></p>

<p><hw>Puck"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t. & i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Puckered</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Puckering</u>.] [From <u>Poke</u> a pocket, small bag.] <def>To gather into small folds or wrinkles; to contract into ridges and furrows; to corrugate; — often with <i>up</i>; as, to <i>pucker</i> up the mouth.</def> "His skin [was] <i>puckered</i> up in wrinkles." <i>Spectator.</i></p>

<p><hw>Puck"er</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A fold; a wrinkle; a collection of folds.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A state of perplexity or anxiety; confusion; bother; agitation.</def> [Prov. Eng. & Colloq. U. S.]</p>

<p><hw>Puck"er*er</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who, or that which, puckers.</def></p>

<p><hw>Puck"er*y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Producing, or tending to produce, a pucker; as, a <i>puckery</i> taste.</def> <i>Lowell.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Inclined to become puckered or wrinkled; full of puckers or wrinkles.</def></p>

<p><hw>Puck"fist`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A puffball.</def></p>

<p><hw>Puck"ish</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [From <u>Puck</u>.] <def>Resembling Puck; merry; mischievous.</def> "<i>Puckish</i> freaks." <i>J. R. Green.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pu"cras</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From a native name in India.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>See <u>Koklass</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pud</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Pood</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pud</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The hand; the first.</def> [Colloq.] <i>Lamb.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pud"den*ing</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Probably fr. <i>pudden</i>, for <i>pudding</i>, in allusion to its softness.] <i>(Naut.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A quantity of rope-yarn, or the like, placed, as a fender, on the bow of a boat.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A bunch of soft material to prevent chafing between spars, or the like.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pud"der</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Puddered</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Puddering</u>.] [Cf. <u>Pother</u>.] <def>To make a tumult or bustle; to splash; to make a pother or fuss; to potter; to meddle.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Puddering</i> in the designs or doings of others.</blockquote> <i>Barrow.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Others <i>pudder</i> into their food with their broad nebs.</blockquote> <i>Holland.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pud"der</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To perplex; to embarrass; to confuse; to bother; as, to <i>pudder</i> a man.</def> <i>Locke.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pud"der</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A pother; a tumult; a confused noise; turmoil; bustle.</def> "All in a <i>pudder</i>." <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pud"ding</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>boudin</i> black pudding, sausage, L. <i>botulus</i>, <i>botellus</i>, a sausage, G. & Sw. <i>pudding</i> pudding, Dan. <i>podding</i>, <i>pudding</i>, LG. <i>puddig</i> thick, stumpy, W. <i>poten</i>, <i>potten</i>, also E. <i>pod</i>, <i>pout</i>, v.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A species of food of a soft or moderately hard consistence, variously made, but often a compound of flour or meal, with milk and eggs, etc.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>And solid <i>pudding</i> against empty praise.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Anything resembling, or of the softness and consistency of, pudding.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>An intestine; especially, an intestine stuffed with meat, etc.; a sausage.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Any food or victuals.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Eat your <i>pudding</i>, slave, and hold your tongue.</blockquote> <i>Prior.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Puddening</u>.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Pudding grass</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>the true pennyroyal (<i>Mentha Pulegium</i>), formerly used to flavor stuffing for roast meat.</cd> <i>Dr. Prior.</i> — <col><b>Pudding pie</b></col>, <cd>a pudding with meat baked in it.</cd> <i>Taylor (1630).</i> — <col><b>Pudding pipe</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>the long, cylindrical pod of the leguminous tree <i>Cassia Fistula</i>. The seeds are separately imbedded in a sweetish pulp. See <u>Cassia</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Pudding sleeve</b></col>, <cd>a full sleeve like that of the English clerical gown.</cd> <i>Swift.</i> — <col><b>Pudding stone</b></col>. <i>(Min.)</i> <cd>See <u>Conglomerate</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, 2.</cd> — <col><b>Pudding time</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>The time of dinner, pudding being formerly the dish first eaten.</cd> [Obs.] <i>Johnson.</i> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>The nick of time; critical time.</cd> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Mars, that still protects the stout,<BR> In <i>pudding time</i> came to his aid.</blockquote> <i>Hudibras.</i> </p>

<p><hw>Pud"ding-head`ed</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Stupid.</def> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><hw>Pud"dle</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>podel</i>; cf. LG. <i>pudel</i>, Ir. & Gael. <i>plod</i> pool.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A small quantity of dirty standing water; a muddy plash; a small pool.</def> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Clay, or a mixture of clay and sand, kneaded or worked, when wet, to render it impervious to water.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Puddle poet</b></col>, <cd>a low or worthless poet.</cd> [R.] <i>Fuller.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pud"dle</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Puddled</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Puddling</u> (?).] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To make foul or muddy; to pollute with dirt; to mix dirt with (water).</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Some unhatched practice . . . <BR> Hath <i>puddled</i> his clear spirit.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>To make dense or close, as clay or loam, by working when wet, so as to render impervious to water.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>To make impervious to liquids by means of puddle; to apply puddle to.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To subject to the process of puddling, as iron, so as to convert it from the condition of cast iron to that of wrought iron.</def> <i>Ure.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Puddled steel</b></col>, <cd>steel made directly from cast iron by a modification of the puddling process.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pud"dle</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To make a dirty stir.</def> [Obs.] <i>R. Junius.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pud"dle-ball`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The lump of pasty wrought iron as taken from the puddling furnace to be hammered or rolled.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pud"dle-bar"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>An iron bar made at a single heat from a puddle-ball hammering and rolling.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pud"dler</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who converts cast iron into wrought iron by the process of puddling.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pud"dling</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Hydraul. Engin.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The process of working clay, loam, pulverized ore, etc., with water, to render it compact, or impervious to liquids; also, the process of rendering anything impervious to liquids by means of puddled material.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>Puddle. See <u>Puddle</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, 2.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Metal.)</i> <def>The art or process of converting cast iron into wrought iron or steel by subjecting it to intense heat and frequent stirring in a reverberatory furnace in the presence of oxidizing substances, by which it is freed from a portion of its carbon and other impurities.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Puddling furnace</b></col>, <cd>a reverberatory furnace in which cast iron is converted into wrought iron or into steel by puddling.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pud"dly</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Consisting of, or resembling, puddles; muddy; foul.</def> "Thick <i>puddly</i> water." <i>Carew.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pud"dock</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [For <i>paddock</i>, or <i>parrock</i>, a park.] <def>A small inclosure.</def> [Written also <i>purrock</i>.] [Prov. Eng.]</p>

<p><hw>Pu"den*cy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>pudens</i>, p. pr. of <i>pudere</i> to be ashamed.] <def>Modesty; shamefacedness.</def> "A <i>pudency</i> so rosy." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Pu*den"da</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [L., from <i>pudendus</i> that of which one ought to be ashamed, fr. <i>pudere</i> to be ashamed.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>The external organs of generation.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pu*den"dal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to the pudenda, or pudendum.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pu*den"dum</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Pudenda</u>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>The external organs of generation, especially of the female; the vulva.</def></p>

<p><! p. 1160 !></p>

<p><hw>Pudg"y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Short and fat or sturdy; dumpy; podgy; as, a short, <i>pudgy</i> little man; a <i>pudgy</i> little hand.</def> <i>Thackeray.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pu"dic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>pudicus</i> modest, fr. <i>pudere</i> to be ashamed: cf. F. <i>pudique</i>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to the external organs of generation.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pu"dic*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Pudic.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pu*dic"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>pudicit&eacute;</i>, L. <i>pudicitia</i>.] <def>Modesty; chastity.</def> <i>Howell.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pu"du</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A very small deer (<i>Pudua humilis</i>), native of the Chilian Andes. It has simple spikelike antlers, only two or three inches long.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pue</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Pued</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Puing</u>.] <def>To make a low whistling sound; to chirp, as birds.</def> <i>Halliwell.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pueb"lo</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Sp., a village, L. <i>populus</i> people. See <u>People</u>.] <def>A communistic building erected by certain Indian tribes of Arizona and New Mexico. It is often of large size and several stories high, and is usually built either of stone or adobe. The term is also applied to any Indian village in the same region.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Pueblo Indians</b></col> <i>(Ethnol.)</i>, <cd>any tribe or community of Indians living in pueblos. The principal Pueblo tribes are the Moqui, the Zu&ntilde;i, the Keran, and the Tewan.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pue"fel`low</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A pewfellow.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Pu"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Etymol. uncertain.] <def>The dung of dogs, used as an alkaline steep in tanning.</def> <i>Simmonds.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Pu*er"co</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Sp.] <def>A hog.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Puerco beds</b></col> <i>(Geol.)</i>, <cd>a name given to certain strata belonging to the earliest Eocene. They are developed in Northwestern New Mexico, along the Rio Puerco, and are characterized by their mammalian remains.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pu"er*ile</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>puerilis</i>, fr. <i>puer</i> a child, a boy: cf. F. <i>pu&eacute;ril</i>.] <def>Boyish; childish; trifling; silly.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The French have been notorious through generations for their <i>puerile</i> affectation of Roman forms, models, and historic precedents.</blockquote> <i>De Quincey.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Youthful; boyish; juvenile; childish; trifling; weak. See <u>Youthful</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Pu"er*ile*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a puerile manner; childishly.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pu"er*ile*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality of being puerile; puerility.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pu`er*il"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Puerilities</b></plw> (#). [L. <i>puerilitas</i>: cf. F. <i>pu&eacute;rilit&eacute;</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The quality of being puerile; childishness; puerileness.</def> <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>That which is puerile or childish; especially, an expression which is flat, insipid, or silly.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pu*er"per*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>puerpera</i> a lying-in woman; <i>puer</i> child + <i>parere</i> to bear: cf. F. <i>puerp&eacute;ral</i>.] <def>Of or pertaining to childbirth; as, a <i>puerperal</i> fever.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pu*er"per*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Bearing children.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Pu"et</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The pewit.</def></p>

<p><hw>Puff</hw> (p&ubreve;f), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Akin to G. & Sw. <i>puff</i> a blow, Dan. <i>puf</i>, D. <i>pof</i>; of imitative origin. Cf. <u>Buffet</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A sudden and single emission of breath from the mouth; hence, any sudden or short blast of wind; a slight gust; a whiff.</def> " To every <i>puff</i> of wind a slave." <i>Flatman.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Anything light and filled with air.</def> Specifically: <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A puffball.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>a kind of light pastry.</def> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <def>A utensil of the toilet for dusting the skin or hair with powder.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>An exaggerated or empty expression of praise, especially one in a public journal.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Puff adder</b></col>. <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>Any South African viper belonging to <i>Clotho</i> and allied genera. They are exceedingly venomous, and have the power of greatly distending their bodies when irritated. The common puff adder (<i>Vipera, or Clotho arietans</i>) is the largest species, becoming over four feet long. The plumed puff adder (<i>C. cornuta</i>) has a plumelike appendage over each eye.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>A North American harmless snake (<i>Heterodon platyrrhinos</i>) which has the power of puffing up its body. Called also <i>hog-nose snake</i>, <i>flathead</i>, <i>spreading adder</i>, and <i>blowing adder</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Puff bird</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>any bird of the genus <i>Bucco</i>, or family <i>Bucconid&aelig;</i>. They are small birds, usually with dull- colored and loose plumage, and have twelve tail feathers. See <u>Barbet</u> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Puff</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Puffed</u> (p&ubreve;ft); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Puffing</u>.] [Akin to G. <i>puffen</i> to pop, buffet, puff, D. <i>poffen</i> to pop, <i>puffen</i> to blow, Sw. <i>puffa</i> to push, to cuff, Dan. <i>puffe</i> to pop, thump. See <u>Puff</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To blow in puffs, or with short and sudden whiffs.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To blow, as an expression of scorn; — with <i>at</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>It is really to defy Heaven to <i>puff</i> at damnation.</blockquote> <i>South.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To breathe quick and hard, or with puffs, as after violent exertion.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The ass comes back again, <i>puffing</i> and blowing, from the chase.</blockquote> <i>L' Estrange.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To swell with air; to be dilated or inflated.</def> <i>Boyle.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>To breathe in a swelling, inflated, or pompous manner; hence, to assume importance.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Then came brave Glory <i>puffing</i> by.</blockquote> <i>Herbert.</i></p>

<p><hw>Puff</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To drive with a puff, or with puffs.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The clearing north will <i>puff</i> the clouds away.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To repel with words; to blow at contemptuously.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I <i>puff</i> the prostitute away.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To cause to swell or dilate; to inflate; to ruffle with puffs; — often with <i>up</i>; as, a bladder <i>puffed</i> with air.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The sea <i>puffed</i> up with winds.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To inflate with pride, flattery, self- esteem, or the like; — often with <i>up</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Puffed</i> up with military success.</blockquote> <i>Jowett (Thucyd. )</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>To praise with exaggeration; to flatter; to call public attention to by praises; to praise unduly.</def> " Puffed with wonderful skill." <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><hw>Puff</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Puffed up; vain.</def> [R.] <i>Fanshawe.</i></p>

<p><hw>Puff"ball`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A kind of ball-shaped fungus (<i>Lycoperdon giganteum</i>, and other species of the same genus) full of dustlike spores when ripe; — called also <i>bullfist</i>, <i>bullfice</i>, <i>puckfist</i>, <i>puff</i>, and <i>puffin</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Puff"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who puffs; one who praises with noisy or extravagant commendation.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>One who is employed by the owner or seller of goods sold at suction to bid up the price; a by-bidder.</def> <i>Bouvier.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>Any plectognath fish which inflates its body, as the species of <i>Tetrodon</i> and <i>Diodon</i>; — called also <i>blower</i>, <i>puff-fish</i>, <i>swellfish</i>, and <i>globefish</i>.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The common, or harbor, porpoise.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Dyeing)</i> <def>A kier.</def></p>

<p><hw>Puff"er*y</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The act of puffing; bestowment of extravagant commendation.</def></p>

<p><hw>Puf"fin</hw> (p&ubreve;f"f&ibreve;n), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Akin to <i>puff</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>An arctic sea bird <i>Fratercula arctica</i>) allied to the auks, and having a short, thick, swollen beak, whence the name; — called also <i>bottle nose</i>, <i>cockandy</i>, <i>coulterneb</i>, <i>marrot</i>, <i>mormon</i>, <i>pope</i>, and <i>sea parrot</i>.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The name is also applied to other related species, as the horned puffin (<i>F. corniculata</i>), the tufted puffin (<i>Lunda cirrhata</i>), and the razorbill.</p>

<p><col><b>Manx puffin</b></col>, <cd>the Manx shearwater. See under <u>Manx</u>.</cd></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The puffball.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A sort of apple.</def> [Obs.] <i>Rider's Dict. (1640).</i></p>

<p><hw>Puff"i*ness</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality or state of being puffy.</def></p>

<p><hw>Puff"ing</hw>, <def><pos><i>a. & n.</i></pos> from <u>Puff</u>, <pos><i>v. i. & t.</i></pos></def></p>

<p><col><b>Puffing adder</b></col>. <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <cd>Same as <i>Puff adder</i> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd>, under <u>Puff</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Puffing pig</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the common porpoise.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Puff"ing*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a puffing manner; with vehement breathing or shortness of breath; with exaggerated praise.</def></p>

<p><hw>Puff"-leg`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any one of numerous species of beautiful humming birds of the genus <i>Eriocnemis</i> having large tufts of downy feathers on the legs.</def></p>

<p><hw>Puff"-legged`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Having a conspicuous tuft of feathers on the legs.</def></p>

<p><hw>Puff"y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Swelled with air, or any soft matter; tumid with a soft substance; bloated; fleshy; as, a <i>puffy</i> tumor.</def> " A very stout, <i>puffy</i> man." <i>Thackeray.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Hence, inflated; bombastic; as, a <i>puffy</i> style.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pug</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Pugged</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Pugging</u>.] [Cf. G. <i>pucken</i> to thump. beat.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To mix and stir when wet, as clay for bricks, pottery, etc.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To fill or stop with clay by tamping; to fill in or spread with mortar, as a floor or partition, for the purpose of deadening sound. See <u>Pugging</u>, 2.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pug</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Tempered clay; clay moistened and worked so as to be plastic.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A pug mill.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Pug mill</b></col>, <cd>a kind of mill for grinding and mixing clay, either for brickmaking or the fine arts; a clay mill. It consists essentially of an upright shaft armed with projecting knives, which is caused to revolve in a hollow cylinder, tub, or vat, in which the clay is placed.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pug</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Corrupted fr. <i>puck</i>. See <u>Puck</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>An elf, or a hobgoblin; also same as <u>Puck</u>.</def> [Obs.] <i>B. Jonson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A name for a monkey.</def> [Colloq.] <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A name for a fox.</def> [Prov. Eng.] <i>C. Kingsley.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>An intimate; a crony; a dear one.</def> [Obs.] <i>Lyly.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <i>pl.</i> <def>Chaff; the refuse of grain.</def> [Obs.] <i>Holland.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>A prostitute.</def> [Obs.] <i>Cotgrave.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of a small breed of pet dogs having a short nose and head; a pug dog.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>8.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any geometrid moth of the genus <i>Eupithecia</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pug"-faced`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having a face like a monkey or a pug; monkey-faced.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pug"ger</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To pucker.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Pug"gered</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Puckered.</def> [Obs.] <i>Dr. H. More.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pug"ging</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Pug</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act or process of working and tempering clay to make it plastic and of uniform consistency, as for bricks, for pottery, etc.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>Mortar or the like, laid between the joists under the boards of a floor, or within a partition, to deaden sound; — in the United States usually called <i>deafening</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pug"ging</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Thieving.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pugh</hw> (?), <pos><i>interj.</i></pos> <def>Pshaw! pish! — a word used in contempt or disdain.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pu"gil</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>pugillus</i>, <i>pugillum</i>, a handful, akin to <i>pugnus</i> the fist.] <def>As much as is taken up between the thumb and two first fingers.</def> [Obs.] <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pu"gil*ism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>pugil</i> a pugilist, boxer, akin to <i>pugnus</i> the fist. Cf. <u>Pugnacious</u>, <u>Fist</u>.] <def>The practice of boxing, or fighting with the fist.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pu"gil*ist</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>pugil</i>.] <def>One who fights with his fists; esp., a professional prize fighter; a boxer.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pu`gil*is"tic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to pugillism.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pug*na"cious</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>pugnax</i>, <i>-acis</i>, fr. <i>pugnare</i> to fight. Cf. <u>Pugilism</u>, <u>Fist</u>.] <def>Disposed to fight; inclined to fighting; quarrelsome; fighting.</def> —<wf>Pug*na"cious*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Pug*na"cious*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Pug*nac"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>pugnacitas</i>: cf. F. <i>pugnacit&eacute;</i>.] <def>Inclination or readiness to fight; quarrelsomeness.</def> " A national <i>pugnacity</i> of character." <i>Motley.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pug" nose`</hw> (?). <def>A short, thick nose; a snubnose.</def> — <wf>Pug"-nosed`</wf> (#), <pos><i>a.</i></pos></p>

<p><col><b>Pug-nose eel</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a deep- water marine eel (<i>Simenchelys parasiticus</i>) which sometimes burrows into the flesh of the halibut.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Puh</hw> (?), <pos><i>interj.</i></pos> <def>The same as <u>Pugh</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Puis"ne</hw> (p&umacr;"n&ybreve;), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See <u>Puny</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Later in age, time, etc.; subsequent.</def> [Obs.] " A <i>puisne</i> date to eternity." <i>Sir M. Hale.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Puny; petty; unskilled.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Law)</i> <def>Younger or inferior in rank; junior; associate; as, a chief justice and three <i>puisne</i> justices of the Court of Common Pleas; the <i>puisne</i> barons of the Court of Exchequer.</def> <i>Blackstone.</i></p>

<p><hw>Puis"ne</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who is younger, or of inferior rank; a junior; esp., a judge of inferior rank.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>It were not a work for <i>puisnes</i> and novices.</blockquote> <i>Bp. Hall.</i></p>

<p><hw>Puis"ny</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Puisne; younger; inferior; petty; unskilled.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>A <i>puisny</i> tilter, that spurs his horse but on one side.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pu"is*sance</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., fr. <i>puissant</i>. See <u>Puissant</u>, and cf. <u>Potency</u>, <u>Potance</u>, <u>Potence</u>.] <def>Power; strength; might; force; potency.</def> " Youths of <i>puissance</i>." <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The power and <i>puissance</i> of the king.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p>&fist; In Spenser, Shakespeare, and Milton, <i>puissance</i> and <i>puissant</i> are usually dissyllables.</p>

<p><hw>Pu"is*sant</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [F., originally, a p. pr. formed fr. L. <i>posse</i> to be able: cf. L. <i>potens</i> powerful. See <u>Potent</u>.] <def>Powerful; strong; mighty; forcible; as, a <i>puissant</i> prince or empire.</def> " <i>Puissant</i> deeds." <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Of <i>puissant</i> nations which the world possessed.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>And worldlings in it are less merciful,<BR> And more <i>puissant</i>.</blockquote> <i>Mrs. Browning.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pu"is*sant*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a puissant manner; powerfully; with great strength.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pu"is*sant*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The state or quality of being puissant; puissance; power.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Puit</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>puits</i>, from L. <i>puteus</i> well.] <def>A well; a small stream; a fountain; a spring.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>puits</i> flowing from the fountain of life.</blockquote> <i>Jer. Taylor.</i></p>

<p><hw>Puke</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Puked</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Puking</u>.] [Cf. G. <i>spucken</i> to spit, and E. <i>spew</i>.] <def>To eject the contests of the stomach; to vomit; to spew.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The infant<BR> Mewling and <i>puking</i> in the nurse's arms.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Puke</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To eject from the stomach; to vomit up.</def></p>

<p><hw>Puke</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A medicine that causes vomiting; an emetic; a vomit.</def></p>

<p><hw>Puke</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Etymol. uncertain.] <def>Of a color supposed to be between black and russet.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p>&fist; This color has by some been regarded as the same with <i>puce</i>; but Nares questions the identity.</p>

<p><hw>Puk"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who pukes, vomits.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>That which causes vomiting.</def> <i>Garth .</i></p>

<p><hw>Pu"las</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Skr. <i>pal&amacr;&ccedil;a</i>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The East Indian leguminous tree <i>Butea frondosa</i>. See <i>Gum Butea</i>, under <u>Gum</u>.</def> [Written also <i>pales</i> and <i>palasa</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Pul"chri*tude</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>pulchritudo</i>, fr. <i>pulcher</i> beautiful.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>That quality of appearance which pleases the eye; beauty; comeliness; grace; loveliness.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Piercing our heartes with thy <i>pulchritude</i>.</blockquote> <i>Court of Love.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Attractive moral excellence; moral beauty.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>By the <i>pulchritude</i> of their souls make up what is wanting in the beauty of their bodies.</blockquote> <i>Ray.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pule</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Puled</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Puling</u>.] [F. <i>piauler</i>; cf. L. <i>pipilare</i>, <i>pipire</i>, to peep, pip, chirp, and E. <i>peep</i> to chirp.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To cry like a chicken.</def> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To whimper; to whine, as a complaining child.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>It becometh not such a gallant to whine and <i>pule</i>.</blockquote> <i>Barrow.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pul"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who pules; one who whines or complains; a weak person.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pu"lex</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., a flea.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A genus of parasitic insects including the fleas. See <u>Flea</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pu"li*cene</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [From L. <i>pulex</i>, <i>pulicis</i>, a flea.] <def>Pertaining to, or abounding in, fleas; pulicose.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pu"li*cose`</hw> (?), <hw>Pu"li*cous</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>pulicosus</i>, from <i>pulex</i>, a flea.] <def>Abounding with fleas.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pul"ing</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A cry, as of a chicken,; a whining or whimpering.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Leave this faint <i>puling</i> and lament as I do.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pul"ing</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Whimpering; whining; childish.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pul"ing*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>With whining or complaint.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pulk"ha</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A Laplander's traveling sledge. See <u>Sledge</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pull</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Pulled</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Pulling</u>.] [AS. <i>pullian</i>; cf. LG. <i>pulen</i>, and Gael. <i>peall</i>, <i>piol</i>, <i>spiol</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To draw, or attempt to draw, toward one; to draw forcibly.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Ne'er <i>pull</i> your hat upon your brows.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>He put forth his hand . . . and <i>pulled</i> her in.</blockquote> <i>Gen. viii. 9.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To draw apart; to tear; to rend.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He hath turned aside my ways, and <i>pulled</i> me in pieces; he hath made me desolate.</blockquote> <i>Lam. iii. 11.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To gather with the hand, or by drawing toward one; to pluck; as, to <i>pull</i> fruit; to <i>pull</i> flax; to <i>pull</i> a finch.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To move or operate by the motion of drawing towards one; as, to <i>pull</i> a bell; to <i>pull</i> an oar.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <i>(Horse Racing)</i> <def>To hold back, and so prevent from winning; as, the favorite was <i>pulled</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <i>(Print.)</i> <def>To take or make, as a proof or impression; — hand presses being worked by pulling a lever.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <i>(Cricket)</i> <def>To strike the ball in a particular manner. See <u>Pull</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, 8.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Never <i>pull</i> a straight fast ball to leg.</blockquote> <i>R. H. Lyttelton.</i></p>

<p><col><b>To pull and haul</b></col>, <cd>to draw hither and thither.</cd> " Both are equally <i>pulled and hauled</i> to do that which they are unable to do. " <i>South.</i> — <col><b>To pull down</b></col>, <cd>to demolish; to destroy; to degrade; as, <i>to pull down</i> a house.</cd> " In political affairs, as well as mechanical, it is easier <i>to pull down</i> than build up." <i>Howell.</i> " To raise the wretched, and <i>pull down</i> the proud." <i>Roscommon.</i> — <col><b>To pull a finch</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Finch</u>.</cd> — <col><b>To pull off</b></col>, <cd>take or draw off.</cd></p>

<p><! p. 1161 !></p>

<p><hw>Pull</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To exert one's self in an act or motion of drawing or hauling; to tug; as, to <i>pull</i> at a rope.</def></p>

<p><col><b>To pull apart</b></col>, <cd>to become separated by pulling; as, a rope will <i>pull apart</i>.</cd> — <col><b>To pull up</b></col>, <cd>to draw the reins; to stop; to halt.</cd> — <col><b>To pull through</b></col>, <cd>to come successfully to the end of a difficult undertaking, a dangerous sickness, or the like.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pull</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of pulling or drawing with force; an effort to move something by drawing toward one.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I awakened with a violent <i>pull</i> upon the ring which was fastened at the top of my box.</blockquote> <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A contest; a struggle; as, a wrestling <i>pull</i>.</def> <i>Carew.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A pluck; loss or violence suffered.</def> [Poetic]</p>

<p><blockquote>Two <i>pulls</i> at once;<BR> His lady banished, and a limb lopped off.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>A knob, handle, or lever, etc., by which anything is pulled; as, a drawer <i>pull</i>; a bell <i>pull</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>The act of rowing; as, a <i>pull</i> on the river.</def> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>The act of drinking; as, to take a <i>pull</i> at the beer, or the mug.</def> [Slang] <i>Dickens.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <def>Something in one's favor in a comparison or a contest; an advantage; means of influencing; as, in weights the favorite had the <i>pull</i>.</def> [Slang]</p>

<p><sn><b>8.</b></sn> <i>(Cricket)</i> <def>A kind of stroke by which a leg ball is sent to the off side, or an off ball to the side.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>pull</i> is not a legitimate stroke, but bad cricket.</blockquote> <i>R. A. Proctor.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pul"lail</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>poulaille</i>.] <def>Poultry.</def> [Obs.] <i>Rom. of R.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pull"back`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>That which holds back, or causes to recede; a drawback; a hindrance.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Arch)</i> <def>The iron hook fixed to a casement to pull it shut, or to hold it party open at a fixed point.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pulled</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Plucked; pilled; moulting.</def> " A <i>pulled</i> hen." <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pul"len</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. L. <i>pullinus</i> belonging to young animals. See <u>Pullet</u>.] <def>Poultry.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Pull"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who, or that which, pulls.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Proud setter up and <i>puller</i> down of kings.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pul"let</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>polete</i>, OF. <i>polete</i>, F. <i>poulette</i>, dim. of <i>poule</i> a hen, fr. L. <i>pullus</i> a young animal, a young fowl. See <u>Foal</u>, and cf. <u>Poult</u>, <u>Poultry</u>, <u>Pool</u> stake.] <def>A young hen, or female of the domestic fowl.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Pullet sperm</b></col>, <cd>the treadle of an egg.</cd> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pul"ley</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Pulleys</b></plw> (#). [F. <i>poulie</i>, perhaps of Teutonic origin (cf. <u>Poll</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>); but cf. OE. <i>poleine</i>, <i>polive</i>, pulley, LL. <i>polanus</i>, and F. <i>poulain</i>, properly, a colt, fr. L. <i>pullus</i> young animal, foal (cf. <u>Pullet</u>, <u>Foal</u>). For the change of sense, cf. F. <i>poutre</i> beam, originally, a filly, and E. <i>easel</i>.] <i>(Mach.)</i> <def>A wheel with a broad rim, or grooved rim, for transmitting power from, or imparting power to, the different parts of machinery, or for changing the direction of motion, by means of a belt, cord, rope, or chain.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The <i>pulley</i>, as one of the mechanical powers, consists, in its simplest form, of a grooved wheel, called a <i>sheave</i>, turning within a movable frame or <i>block</i>, by means of a cord or rope attached at one end to a fixed point. The force, acting on the free end of the rope, is thus doubled, but can move the load through only half the space traversed by itself. The rope may also pass over a sheave in another block that is fixed. The end of the rope may be fastened to the movable block, instead of a fixed point, with an additional gain of power, and using either one or two sheaves in the fixed block. Other sheaves may be added, and the power multiplied accordingly. Such an apparatus is called by workmen a <i>block and tackle</i>, or a <i>fall and tackle</i>. See <u>Block</u>. A <i>single fixed pulley</i> gives no increase of power, but serves simply for changing the direction of motion.</p>

<p><col><b>Band pulley</b></col>, <i>or</i> <col><b>Belt pulley</b></col>, <cd>a pulley with a broad face for transmitting power between revolving shafts by means of a belt, or for guiding a belt.</cd> — <col><b>Cone pulley</b></col>. <cd>See <u>Cone pulley</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Conical pulley</b></col>, <cd>one of a pair of belt pulleys, each in the shape of a truncated cone, for varying velocities.</cd> — <col><b>Fast pulley</b></col>, <cd>a pulley firmly attached upon a shaft.</cd> — <col><b>Loose pulley</b></col>, <cd>a pulley loose on a shaft, to interrupt the transmission of motion in machinery. See <i>Fast and loose pulleys</i>, under <u>Fast</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Parting pulley</b></col>, <cd>a belt pulley made in semicircular halves, which can be bolted together, to facilitate application to, or removal from, a shaft.</cd> — <col><b>Pulley block</b></col>. <cd>Same as <u>Block</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> 6.</cd> — <col><b>Pulley stile</b></col> <i>(Arch.)</i>, <cd>the upright of the window frame into which a pulley is fixed and along which the sash slides.</cd> — <col><b>Split pulley</b></col>, <cd>a parting pulley.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pul"ley</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To raise or lift by means of a pulley.</def> [R.] <i>Howell.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pul"li*cate</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A kind of checked cotton or silk handkerchief.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pull"man car`</hw> (?). [Named after Mr. <i>Pullman</i>, who introduced them.] <def>A kind of sleeping car; also, a palace car; — often shortened to <i>Pullman</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pul"lu*late</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [L. <i>pullulatus</i>, p. p. of <i>pullulare</i> to sprout, from <i>pullulus</i> a young animal, a sprout, dim. of <i>pullus</i>. See <u>pullet</u>.] <def>To germinate; to bud; to multiply abundantly.</def> <i>Warburton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pul`lu*la"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>pullulation</i>.] <def>A germinating, or budding.</def> <i>Dr. H. More.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Pul"lus</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Pulli</b></plw> (#). [L.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A chick; a young bird in the downy stage.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pul`mo*bran`chi*a"ta</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL.], <hw>Pul`mo*bran"chi*ate</hw>. (&?;), <pos><i>a. & n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Pulmonibranchiata</u>, <u>- ate</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pul`mo*cu*ta"ne*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>pulmo</i> a lung + E. <i>cutaneous</i>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to the lungs and the akin; as, the <i>pulmocutaneous</i> arteries of the frog.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pul`mo*gas`te*rop"o*da</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL. & E. <i>Gasteropoda</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Pulmonata</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pul"mo*grade</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>pulmo</i> a lung + <i>gradi</i> to walk.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Swimming by the expansion and contraction, or lunglike movement, of the body, or of the disk, as do the medus&aelig;.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pul*mom"e*ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>pulmo</i> a lung + <i>-meter</i>.] <i>(Physiol.)</i> <def>A spirometer.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pul"mo*na"ri*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any arachnid that breathes by lunglike organs, as the spiders and scorpions. Also used adjectively.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pul"mo*na*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>pulmonarius</i>, from <i>pulmo</i>, <i>-onis</i>, a lung; of uncertain origin, perh. named from its lightness, and akin to E. <i>float</i>: cf. F. <i>pulmonaire</i>. Cf. <u>Pneumonia</u>.] <def>Of or pertaining to the lungs; affecting the lungs; pulmonic.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Pulmonary artery</b></col>. <cd>See the Note under <u>Artery</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pul"mo*na*ry</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>pulmonaire</i>. See <u>Pulmonary</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> ] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Lungwort.</def> <i>Ainsworth.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Pul`mo*na"ta</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., from L. <i>pulmo</i>, <i>-onis</i>, a lung.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>An extensive division, or sub-class, of hermaphrodite gastropods, in which the mantle cavity is modified into an air-breathing organ, as in Helix, or land snails, Limax, or garden slugs, and many pond snails, as Limn&aelig;a and Planorbis.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pul"mo*nate</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>Having breathing organs that act as lungs.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>Pertaining to the Pulmonata.</def> — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One of the Pulmonata.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pul"mo*na`ted</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>same as <u>Pulmonate</u> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pul`mo*ni*bran`chi*a"ta</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr. L. <i>pulmo</i>, <i>-onis</i>, a lung + Gr. &?; a gill.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Pulmonata</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pul`mo*ni*bran"chi*ate</hw> (?), <pos><i>a. & n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Pulmonate</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pul*mon"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>pulmo</i>, <i>-onis</i>, a lung: cf. F. <i>pulmonique</i>.] <def>Relating to, or affecting the lungs; pulmonary.</def> — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A pulmonic medicine.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pul`mo*nif"e*ra</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Pulmoniferous</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Pulmonata</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pul`mo*nif"er*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>pulmo</i>, <i>-onis</i>, a lung + <i>-ferous</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Having lungs; pulmonate.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pulp</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>pulpa</i> flesh, pith, pulp of fruit: cf. F. <i>pulpe</i>.] <def>A moist, slightly cohering mass, consisting of soft, undissolved animal or vegetable matter.</def> Specifically: <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>A tissue or part resembling pulp; especially, the soft, highly vascular and sensitive tissue which fills the central cavity, called the <i>pulp cavity,</i> of teeth.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The soft, succulent part of fruit; as, the <i>pulp</i> of a grape.</def> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <def>The exterior part of a coffee berry.</def> <i>B. Edwards.</i> <sd><i>(d)</i></sd> <def>The material of which paper is made when ground up and suspended in water.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pulp</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Pulped</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Pulping</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To reduce to pulp.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To deprive of the pulp, or integument.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The other mode is to <i>pulp</i> the coffee immediately as it comes from the tree. By a simple machine a man will <i>pulp</i> a bushel in a minute.</blockquote> <i>B. Edwards.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pul`pa*toon"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>poulpeton</i>, <i>poupeton</i>, a sort of ragout.] <def>A kind of delicate confectionery or cake, perhaps made from the pulp of fruit.</def> [Obs.] <i>Nares.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pulp"i*ness</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>the quality or state of being pulpy.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pul"pit</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>pulpitum</i>: cf. OF. <i>pulpite</i>, F. <i>pulpitre</i>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>An elevated place, or inclosed stage, in a church, in which the clergyman stands while preaching.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I stand like a clerk in my <i>pulpit</i>.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The whole body of the clergy; preachers as a class; also, preaching.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I say the <i>pulpit</i> (in the sober use<BR> Of its legitimate, peculiar powers)<BR> Must stand acknowledged, while the world shall stand,<BR> The most important and effectual guard,<BR> Support, and ornament of virtue's cause.</blockquote> <i>Cowper.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A desk, or platform, for an orator or public speaker.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pul"pit</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to the pulpit, or preaching; as, a <i>pulpit</i> orator; <i>pulpit</i> eloquence.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pul"pit*ed</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Placed in a pulpit.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Sit . . . at the feet of a <i>pulpited</i> divine.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pul*pit*eer"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who speaks in a pulpit; a preacher; — so called in contempt.</def> <i>Howell.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>We never can think it sinful that Burns should have been humorous on such a <i>pulpiteer</i>.</blockquote> <i>Prof. Wilson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pul"pit*er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A preacher.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Pul*pit"ic*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to the pulpit; suited to the pulpit.</def> [R.] — <wf>Pul*pit"ic*al*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> [R.] <i>Chesterfield.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pul"pit*ish</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to the pulpit; like preaching.</def> <i>Chalmers.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pul"pit*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The teaching of the pulpit; preaching.</def> [R. & Obs.] " Mere <i>pulpitry</i>." <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pulp"ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>pulposus</i>: cf. F. <i>pulpeux</i>. See <u>Pulp</u>.] <def>Containing pulp; pulpy.</def> " <i>Pulpous</i> fruit." <i>J. Philips.</i> — <wf>Pulp"ous*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Pulp"y</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Like pulp; consisting of pulp; soft; fleshy; succulent; as, the <u>pulpy</u> covering of a nut; the <i>pulpy</i> substance of a peach or a cherry.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pul"que</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Sp.] <def>An intoxicating Mexican drink. See <u>Agave</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pul"sate</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Pulsated</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Pulsating</u>.] [L. <i>pulsatus</i>, p. p. of <i>pulsare</i> to beat, strike, v. intens. fr. <i>pellere</i> to beat, strike, drive. See <u>Pulse</u> a beating, and cf. <u>Pulse</u>, <pos><i>v.</i></pos>] <def>To throb, as a pulse; to beat, as the heart.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The heart of a viper or frog will continue to <i>pulsate</i> long after it is taken from the body.</blockquote> <i>E. Darwin.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pul"sa*tile</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. It. <i>pulsatile</i>, Sp. <i>pulsatil</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Capable of being struck or beaten; played by beating or by percussion; as, a tambourine is a <i>pulsatile</i> musical instrument.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Pulsating; throbbing, as a tumor.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pul`sa*til"la</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A genus of ranunculaceous herbs including the pasque flower. This genus is now merged in <i>Anemone</i>. Some species, as <i>Anemone Pulsatilla</i>, <i>Anemone pratensis</i>, and <i>Anemone patens</i>, are used medicinally.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pul*sa"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>pulsatio</i> a beating or striking: cf. F. <i>pulsation</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Physiol.)</i> <def>A beating or throbbing, especially of the heart or of an artery, or in an inflamed part; a beat of the pulse.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A single beat or throb of a series.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A stroke or impulse by which some medium is affected, as in the propagation of sounds.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Law)</i> <def>Any touching of another's body willfully or in anger. This constitutes <i>battery</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>By the Cornelian law, <i>pulsation</i> as well as verberation is prohibited.</blockquote> <i>Blackstone.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pul"sa*tive</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>pulsatif</i>.] <def>Beating; throbbing.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pul*sa"tor</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A beater; a striker.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Mech.)</i> <def>That which beats or throbs in working.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pul"sa*to*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>pulsatoire</i>.] <def>Capable of pulsating; throbbing.</def> <i>Sir H. Wotton. .</i></p>

<p><hw>Pulse</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>puls</i>, L. <i>puls</i>, <i>pultis</i>, a thick pap or pottage made of meal, pulse, etc. See <u>Poultice</u>, and cf. <u>Pousse</u>.] <def>Leguminous plants, or their seeds, as beans, pease, etc.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>If all the world<BR> Should, in a pet of temperance, feed on pulse.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pulse</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>pous</i>, OF. <i>pous</i>, F. <i>pouls</i>, fr. L. <i>pulsus</i> (sc. <i>venarum</i>), the beating of the pulse, the pulse, from <i>pellere</i>, <i>pulsum</i>, to beat, strike; cf. Gr. &?; to swing, shake, &?; to shake. Cf. <u>Appeal</u>, <u>Compel</u>, <u>Impel</u>, <u>Push</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Physiol.)</i> <def>The beating or throbbing of the heart or blood vessels, especially of the arteries.</def></p>

<p>&fist; In an artery the pulse is due to the expansion and contraction of the elastic walls of the artery by the action of the heart upon the column of blood in the arterial system. On the commencement of the diastole of the ventricle, the semilunar valves are closed, and the aorta recoils by its elasticity so as to force part of its contents into the vessels farther onwards. These, in turn, as they already contain a certain quantity of blood, expand, recover by an elastic recoil, and transmit the movement with diminished intensity. Thus a series of movements, gradually diminishing in intensity, pass along the arterial system (see the Note under <u>Heart</u>). For the sake of convenience, the radial artery at the wrist is generally chosen to detect the precise character of the pulse. The pulse rate varies with age, position, sex, stature, physical and psychical influences, etc.</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Any measured or regular beat; any short, quick motion, regularly repeated, as of a medium in the transmission of light, sound, etc.; oscillation; vibration; pulsation; impulse; beat; movement.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The measured <i>pulse</i> of racing oars.</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>When the ear receives any simple sound, it is struck by a single <i>pulse</i> of the air, which makes the eardrum and the other membranous parts vibrate according to the nature and species of the stroke.</blockquote> <i>Burke.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Pulse glass</b></col>, <cd>an instrument consisting to a glass tube with terminal bulbs, and containing ether or alcohol, which the heat of the hand causes to boil; — so called from the <i>pulsating</i> motion of the liquid when thus warmed.</cd> — <col><b>Pulse wave</b></col> <i>(Physiol.)</i>, <cd>the wave of increased pressure started by the ventricular systole, radiating from the semilunar valves over the arterial system, and gradually disappearing in the smaller branches.</cd></p>

<p><blockquote>the <i>pulse wave</i> travels over the arterial system at the rate of about 29.5 feet in a second.</blockquote> <i>H. N. Martin.</i></p>

<p>— <col><b>To feel one's pulse</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>To ascertain, by the sense of feeling, the condition of the arterial pulse.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>Hence, to sound one's opinion; to try to discover one's mind.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pulse</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To beat, as the arteries; to move in pulses or beats; to pulsate; to throb.</def> <i>Ray.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pulse</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [See <u>Pulsate</u>, <u>Pulse</u> a beating.] <def>To drive by a pulsation; to cause to pulsate.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Pulse"less</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having no pulsation; lifeless.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pulse"less*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The state of being pulseless.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pul*sif"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Pulse</i> + L. <i>facere</i> to make.] <def>Exciting the pulse; causing pulsation.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pul*sim"e*ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Pulse</i> + <i>-meter</i>.] <i>(Physiol.)</i> <def>A sphygmograph.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pul"sion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>pulsio</i>, fr. <i>pellere</i>, <i>pulsum</i>, to drive: cf. F. <i>pulsion</i>.] <def>The act of driving forward; propulsion; — opposed to <i>suction</i> or <i>traction</i>.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><! p. 1162 !></p>

<p><hw>Pul"sive</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Tending to compel; compulsory.</def> [R.] "The <i>pulsive</i> strain of conscience." <i>Marston.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pul*som"e*ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Pulse</i> + <i>-meter</i>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A device, with valves, for raising water by steam, partly by atmospheric pressure, and partly by the direct action of the steam on the water, without the intervention of a piston; — also called <i>vacuum pump</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A pulsimeter.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pult</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To put.</def> [Obs.] <i>Piers Plowman.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pul*ta"ceous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>pultac&eacute;</i>. See 1st <u>Pulse</u>.] <def>Macerated; softened; nearly fluid.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pul"tesse</hw> (?), <hw>Pul"tise</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Poultry.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Pu"lu</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A vegetable substance consisting of soft, elastic, yellowish brown chaff, gathered in the Hawaiian Islands from the young fronds of free ferns of the genus <i>Cibotium</i>, chiefly <i>C. Menziesii</i>; — used for stuffing mattresses, cushions, etc., and as an absorbent.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pul"ver*a*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Capable of being reduced to fine powder.</def> <i>Boyle.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pul`ver*a"ceous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Having a finely powdered surface; pulverulent.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pul"ver*ate</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [L. <i>pulveratus</i>, p. p. of <i>pulverare</i> to pulverize. See <u>Pulverize</u>.] <def>To beat or reduce to powder or dust; to pulverize.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Pul"ver*ine</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>pulvis</i>, <i>pulveris</i>, dust, powder; cf. F. <i>pulv&eacute;rin</i>.] <def>Ashes of barilla.</def> <i>Ure.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pul"ver*i`za*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Admitting of being pulverized; pulverable.</def> <i>Barton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pul`ver*i*za"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>pulv&eacute;risation</i>.] <def>The action of reducing to dust or powder.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pul"ver*ize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Pulverized</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Pulverizing</u> (?).] [F. <i>pulv&eacute;riser</i>, L. <i>pulverizare</i>, fr. <i>pulvis</i> dust, powder. See <u>Powder</u>.] <def>To reduce of fine powder or dust, as by beating, grinding, or the like; as, friable substances may be <i>pulverized</i> by grinding or beating, but to <i>pulverize</i> malleable bodies other methods must be pursued.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pul"ver*ize</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To become reduced to powder; to fall to dust; as, the stone <i>pulverizes</i> easily.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pul"ver*i`zer</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who, or that which, pulverizes.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pul"ver*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. L. <i>pulvereus</i>, from <i>pulvis</i>, <i>pulveris</i>, dust, powder.] <def>Consisting of dust or powder; like powder.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pul*ver"u*lence</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The state of being pulverulent; abundance of dust or powder; dustiness.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pul*ver"u*lent</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>pulverulentus</i>, fr. <i>pulvis</i>, <i>pulveris</i>, dust, powder: cf. F. <i>pulv&eacute;rulent</i>.] <def>Consisting of, or reducible to, fine powder; covered with dust or powder; powdery; dusty.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pul"vil</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [It. <i>polviglio</i>, fr. L. <i>pulvis</i>, <i>pulveris</i>, dust, powder: cf. Sp. <i>polvillo</i>.] <def>A sweet-scented powder; pulvillio.</def> [Written also <i>pulville</i>.] [Obs.] <i>Gay.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pul"vil</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To apply pulvil to.</def> [Obs.] <i>Congreve.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pul*vil"li*o</hw> (?), <hw>Pul*vil"lo</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Pulvil</u>.] <def>A kind of perfume in the form of a powder, formerly much used, — often in little bags.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Smells of incense, ambergris, and <i>pulvillios</i>.</blockquote> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Pul*vil"lus</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Pulvilli</b></plw> (#). [L., a little cushion.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of the minute cushions on the feet of certain insects.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pul*vi"nar</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., a cushion.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>A prominence on the posterior part of the thalamus of the human brain.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pul"vi*nate</hw> (?), <hw>Pul"vi*na`ted</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>pulvinatus</i>, fr. <i>pulvinus</i> a cushion, an elevation.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>Curved convexly or swelled; as, a <i>pulvinated</i> frieze.</def> <i>Brande & C.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Having the form of a cushion.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pul*vin"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [From <u>Vulpinic</u>, by transposition of the letters.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, an acid obtained by the decomposition of vulpinic acid, as a white crystalline substance.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pul*vin"u*lus</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Pulvinuli</b></plw> (#). [L., a little mound.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Pulvillus</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pu"ma</hw> (p&umacr;"m&adot;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Peruv. <i>puma</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A large American carnivore (<i>Felis concolor</i>), found from Canada to Patagonia, especially among the mountains. Its color is tawny, or brownish yellow, without spots or stripes. Called also <i>catamount</i>, <i>cougar</i>, <i>American lion</i>, <i>mountain lion</i>, and <i>panther</i> or <i>painter</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pume</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A stint.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pu"mi*cate</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Pumicated</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Pumicating</u>.] [L. <i>pumicatus</i>, p. p. of <i>pumicare</i> to pumicate, fr. <i>pumex</i>. See <u>Pumice</u>.] <def>To make smooth with pumice.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Pum"ice</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>pumex</i>, <i>pumicis</i>, prob. akin to <i>spuma</i> foam: cf. AS. <i>pumic- </i>st&amacr;n. Cf. <u>Pounce</u> a powder, <u>Spume</u>.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>A very light porous volcanic scoria, usually of a gray color, the pores of which are capillary and parallel, giving it a fibrous structure. It is supposed to be produced by the disengagement of watery vapor without liquid or plastic lava. It is much used, esp. in the form of powder, for smoothing and polishing. Called also <i>pumice stone</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pum"iced</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Far.)</i> <def>Affected with a kind of chronic laminitis in which there is a growth of soft spongy horn between the coffin bone and the hoof wall. The disease is called <i>pumiced foot</i>, or <i>pumice foot</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pu*mi`ceous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>pumiceus</i>.] <def>Of or pertaining to pumice; resembling pumice.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pum"ice stone`</hw> (?). <def>Same as <u>Pumice</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pu*mic"i*form</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Pumice</i> + <i>-form</i>.] <def>Resembling, or having the structure of, pumice.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pum"mace</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Pomace</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pum"mel</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. & v. t.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Pommel</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pump</hw> (p&ubreve;mp), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Probably so called as being worn for <i>pomp</i> or ornament. See <u>Pomp</u>.] <def>A low shoe with a thin sole.</def> <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pump</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Akin to D. <i>pomp</i>, G. <i>pumpe</i>, F. <i>pompe</i>; of unknown origin.] <def>An hydraulic machine, variously constructed, for raising or transferring fluids, consisting essentially of a moving piece or piston working in a hollow cylinder or other cavity, with valves properly placed for admitting or retaining the fluid as it is drawn or driven through them by the action of the piston.</def> </p>

<p>&fist; for various kinds of pumps, see <u>Air pump</u>, <u>Chain pump</u>, and <u>Force pump</u>; also, under <u>Lifting</u>, <u>Plunger</u>, <u>Rotary</u>, etc.</p>

<p><col><b>Circulating pump</b></col> <i>(Steam Engine)</i>, <cd>a pump for driving the condensing water through the casing, or tubes, of a surface condenser.</cd> — <col><b>Pump brake</b></col>. <cd>See <i>Pump handle</i>, below.</cd> — <col><b>Pump dale</b></col>. <cd>See <u>Dale</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Pump gear</b></col>, <cd>the apparatus belonging to a pump.</cd> <i>Totten.</i> — <col><b>Pump handle</b></col>, <cd>the lever, worked by hand, by which motion is given to the bucket of a pump.</cd> — <col><b>Pump hood</b></col>, <cd>a semicylindrical appendage covering the upper wheel of a chain pump.</cd> — <col><b>Pump rod</b></col>, <cd>the rod to which the bucket of a pump is fastened, and which is attached to the brake or handle; the piston rod.</cd> — <col><b>Pump room</b></col>, <cd>a place or room at a mineral spring where the waters are drawn and drunk.</cd> [Eng.] — <col><b>Pump spear</b></col>. <cd>Same as <i>Pump rod</i>, above.</cd> — <col><b>Pump stock</b></col>, <cd>the stationary part, body, or barrel of a pump.</cd> — <col><b>Pump well</b></col>. <i>(Naut.)</i> <cd>See <u>Well</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pump</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Pumped</u> (p&ubreve;mt; 215); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>pumping</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To raise with a pump, as water or other liquid.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To draw water, or the like, from; to from water by means of a pump; as, they <i>pumped</i> the well dry; to <i>pump</i> a ship.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Figuratively, to draw out or obtain, as secrets or money, by persistent questioning or plying; to question or ply persistently in order to elicit something, as information, money, etc.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>But <i>pump</i> not me for politics.</blockquote> <i>Otway.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pump</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To work, or raise water, a pump.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pump"age</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>That which is raised by pumps, or the work done by pumps.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>pumpage</i> last year amounted to . . . gallons.</blockquote> <i>Sci. Amer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pump"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who pumps; the instrument or machine used in pumping.</def> <i>Boyle.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pump"er*nick`el</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [G.] <def>A sort of bread, made of unbolted rye, which forms the chief food of the Westphalian peasants. It is acid but nourishing.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pum"pet</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A pompet.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Pumpet ball</b></col> <i>(Print.)</i>, <cd>a ball for inking types; a pompet.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pump"ing</hw>, <def><pos><i>a. & n.</i></pos> from <u>pump</u>.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Pumping engine</b></col>, <cd>a steam engine and pump combined for raising water. See <u>Steam engine</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pump"ion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>See <u>Pumpkin</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pump"kin</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [For older <i>pompion</i>, <i>pompon</i>, OF. <i>pompon</i>, L. <i>pepo</i>, <i>peponis</i>, Gr. &?;, properly, cooked by the sun, ripe, mellow; — so called because not eaten till ripe. Cf. <u>Cook</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A well-known trailing plant (<i>Cucurbita pepo</i>) and its fruit, — used for cooking and for feeding stock; a pompion.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Pumpkin seed</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>The flattish oval seed of the pumpkin</cd>. <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <cd>The common pondfish.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pu"my</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. Prov. E. <i>pummer</i> big, large, and E. <i>pomey</i> pommel.] <def>Large and rounded.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>A gentle stream, whose murmuring wave did play<BR> Amongst the <i>pumy</i> stones.</blockquote> <i> Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pun</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [See <u>Pound</u> to beat.] <def>To pound.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>He would <i>pun</i> thee into shivers with his fist.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pun</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. <u>Pun</u> to pound, <u>Pound</u> to beat.] <def>A play on words which have the same sound but different meanings; an expression in which two different applications of a word present an odd or ludicrous idea; a kind of quibble or equivocation.</def> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>A better <i>put</i> on this word was made on the Beggar's Opera, which, it was said, made Gay rich, and Rich gay.</blockquote> <i>Walpole.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pun</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Punned</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Punning</u>.] <def>To make puns, or a pun; to use a word in a double sense, especially when the contrast of ideas is ludicrous; to play upon words; to quibble.</def> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pun</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To persuade or affect by a pun.</def> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><hw>Punch</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Hind. <i>p&amacr;nch</i> five, Skr. <i>pa</i>&?;<i>can</i>. So called because composed of five ingredients, viz., sugar, arrack, spice, water, and lemon juice. See <u>Five</u>.] <def>A beverage composed of wine or distilled liquor, water (or milk), sugar, and the juice of lemon, with spice or mint; — specifically named from the kind of spirit used; as <i>rum punch</i>, <i>claret punch</i>, <i>champagne punch</i>, etc.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Milk punch</b></col>, <cd>a sort of punch made with spirit, milk, sugar, spice, etc.</cd> — <col><b>Punch bowl</b></col>, <cd>a large bowl in which punch is made, or from which it is served.</cd> — <col><b>Roman punch</b></col>, <cd>a punch frozen and served as an ice.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Punch</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Abbrev, fr. <i>punchinello</i>.] <def>The buffoon or harlequin of a puppet show.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Punch and Judy</b></col>, <cd>a puppet show in which a comical little hunchbacked Punch, with a large nose, engages in altercation with his wife Judy.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Punch</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Prov. E. Cf. <u>Punchy</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A short, fat fellow; anything short and thick.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I . . . did hear them call their fat child <i>punch</i>, which pleased me mightily, that word being become a word of common use for all that is thick and short.</blockquote> <i>Pepys.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>One of a breed of large, heavy draught horses; as, the Suffolk <i>punch</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Punch</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [OE. <i>punchen</i>, perhaps the same word as E. <i>punish</i>: or cf. E. <i>bunch</i>.] <def>To thrust against; to poke; as, to <i>punch</i> one with the end of a stick or the elbow.</def></p>

<p><hw>Punch</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A thrust or blow.</def> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><hw>Punch</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Abbrev. fr. <i>puncheon</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A tool, usually of steel, variously shaped at one end for different uses, and either solid, for stamping or for perforating holes in metallic plates and other substances, or hollow and sharpedged, for cutting out blanks, as for buttons, steel pens, jewelry, and the like; a die.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Pile Driving)</i> <def>An extension piece applied to the top of a pile; a dolly.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A prop, as for the roof of a mine.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Bell punch</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Bell</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Belt punch</b></col> <i>(Mach.)</i>, <cd>a punch, or punch pliers, for making holes for lacings in the ends of driving belts.</cd> — <col><b>Punch press</b></col>. <cd>See <i>Punching machine</i>, under <u>Punch</u>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos></cd> — <col><b>Punch pliers</b></col>, <cd>pliers having a tubular, sharp- edged steel punch attached to one of the jaws, for perforating leather, paper, and the like.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Punch</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Punched</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Punching</u>.] [From <u>Punch</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, a tool; cf. F. <i>poin&ccedil;onner</i>.] <def>To perforate or stamp with an instrument by pressure, or a blow; as, to <i>punch</i> a hole; to <i>punch</i> ticket.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Punching machine</b></col>, or <col><b>Punching press</b></col>, <cd>a machine tool for punching holes in metal or other material; — called also <i>punch press</i>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Punch"eon</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>poin&ccedil;on</i> awl, bodkin, crown, king-post, fr. L. <i>punctio</i> a pricking, fr. <i>pungere</i> to prick. See <u>Pungent</u>, and cf. <u>Punch</u> a tool, <u>Punction</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A figured stamp, die, or punch, used by goldsmiths, cutlers, etc.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Carp.)</i> <def>A short, upright piece of timber in framing; a short post; an intermediate stud.</def> <i>Oxf. Gloss.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A split log or heavy slab with the face smoothed; as, a floor made of <i>puncheons</i>.</def> [U.S.] <i>Bartlett.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> [F. <i>poin&ccedil;on</i>, perh. the same as <i>poin&ccedil;on</i> an awl.] <def>A cask containing, sometimes 84, sometimes 120, gallons.</def></p>

<p><hw>Punch"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who, or that which, punches.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pun"chin</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Puncheon</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pun`chi*nel"lo</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [It. <i>pulcinella</i>, probably originally a word of endearment, dim. of <i>pulcina</i>, <i>pulcino</i>, a chicken, from L. <i>pullicenus</i>, <i>pullus</i>. See <u>Pullet</u>.] <def>A punch; a buffoon; originally, in a puppet show, a character represented as fat, short, and humpbacked.</def> <i>Spectator.</i></p>

<p><hw>Punch"y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Perhaps for <i>paunchy</i>, from <i>paunch</i>. See 3d <u>Punch</u>.] <def>Short and thick, or fat.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Punc"ta*ted</hw> (?), <hw>Punc"ta*ted</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [From L. <i>punctum</i> point. See <u>Point</u> .] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Pointed; ending in a point or points.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Nat. Hist.)</i> <def>Dotted with small spots of color, or with minute depressions or pits.</def></p>

<p><hw>Punc*ta"tor</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who marks with points. specifically, one who writes Hebrew with points; — applied to a Masorite.</def> <i>E. Robinson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Punc*tic"u*lar</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Comprised in, or like, a point; exact.</def> [Obs. & R.] <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Punc"ti*form</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>punctum</i> point + <i>-form</i>.] <def>Having the form of a point.</def></p>

<p><hw>Punc*til"io</hw> (p&ubreve;&nsm;k*t&ibreve;l"y&osl;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Punctilios</b></plw> (- y&omacr;z). [It. <i>puntiglio</i>, or Sp. <i>puntillo</i>, dim. fr. L. <i>punctum</i> point. See <u>Point</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <def>A nice point of exactness in conduct, ceremony, or proceeding; particularity or exactness in forms; as, the <i>punctilios</i> of a public ceremony.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>They will not part with the least <i>punctilio</i> in their opinions and practices.</blockquote> <i>Fuller.</i></p>

<p><hw>Punc*til"ious</hw> (-y&ubreve;s), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. It. <i>puntiglioso</i>, Sp. <i>puntilloso</i>.] <def>Attentive to punctilio; very nice or exact in the forms of behavior, etiquette, or mutual intercourse; precise; exact in the smallest particulars.</def> "A <i>punctilious</i> observance of divine laws." <i>Rogers.</i> "Very <i>punctilious</i> copies of any letters." <i>The Nation.</i></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Punctilious</i> in the simple and intelligible instances of common life.</blockquote> <i>I. Taylor.</i></p>

<p>— <wf>Punc*til"ious*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Punc*til"ious*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Punc"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>punctio</i>, fr. <i>pungere</i>, <i>punctum</i>, to prick: cf. F. <i>ponction</i>. Cf. <u>Puncheon</u>.] <def>A puncturing, or pricking; a puncture.</def></p>

<p><hw>Punc"tist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A punctator.</def> <i>E. Henderson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Punc"to</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Punto</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A nice point of form or ceremony.</def> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A term applied to the point in fencing.</def> <i>Farrow.</i></p>

<p><hw>Punc"tu*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [F. <i>ponctuel</i> (cf. Sp. <i>puntual</i>, It. <i>puntuale</i>), from L. <i>punctum</i> point. See <u>Point</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Consisting in a point; limited to a point; unextended.</def> [R.] "This <i>punctual</i> spot." <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The theory of the <i>punctual</i> existence of the soul.</blockquote> <i> Krauth.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Observant of nice points; punctilious; precise.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Punctual</i> to tediousness in all that he relates.</blockquote> <i> Bp. Burnet.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>So much on <i>punctual</i> niceties they stand.</blockquote> <i>C. Pitt.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Appearing or done at, or adhering exactly to, a regular or an appointed time; precise; prompt; as, a <i>punctual</i> man; a <i>punctual</i> payment.</def> "The race of the undeviating and <i>punctual</i> sun." <i>Cowper.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>These sharp strokes [of a pendulum], with their inexorably steady intersections, so agree with our successive thoughts that they seem like the <i>punctual</i> stops counting off our very souls into the past.</blockquote> <i> J. Martineau.</i></p>

<p><! p. 1163 !></p>

<p><hw>Punc"tu*al*ist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who is very exact in observing forms and ceremonies.</def> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Punc`tu*al"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>ponctualit&eacute;</i>.] <def>The quality or state of being punctual; especially, adherence to the exact time of an engagement; exactness.</def></p>

<p><hw>Punc"tu*al*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a punctual manner; promptly; exactly.</def></p>

<p><hw>Punc"tu*al*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Punctuality; exactness.</def></p>

<p><hw>Punc"tu*ate</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Punctuated</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Punctuating</u>.] [Cf. F. <i>ponctuer</i>. See <u>Punctual</u>.] <def>To mark with points; to separate into sentences, clauses, etc., by points or stops which mark the proper pauses in expressing the meaning.</def></p>

<p><hw>Punc`tu*a"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>ponctuation</i>.] <i>(Gram.)</i> <def>The act or art of punctuating or pointing a writing or discourse; the art or mode of dividing literary composition into sentences, and members of a sentence, by means of points, so as to elucidate the author's meaning.</def></p>

<p>&fist; <i>Punctuation</i>, as the term is usually understood, is chiefly performed with four points: the <i>period</i> [.], the <i>colon</i> [:], the <i>semicolon</i> [;], and the <i>comma</i> [,]. Other points used in writing and printing, partly rhetorical and partly grammatical, are the <i>note of interrogation</i> [?], the <i>note of exclamation</i> [!], the <i>parentheses</i> [()], the <i>dash</i> [—], and <i>brackets</i> []. It was not until the 16th century that an approach was made to the present system of punctuation by the Manutii of Venice. With Caxton, oblique strokes took the place of commas and periods.</p>

<p><hw>Punc"tu*a*tive</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or belonging to points of division; relating to punctuation.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>punctuative</i> intonation of feeble cadence.</blockquote> <i>Rush.</i></p>

<p><hw>Punc"tu*a`tor</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who punctuates, as in writing; specifically, a punctator.</def></p>

<p><hw>Punc"tu*ist</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A punctator.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Punc"tu*late</hw> (?), <hw>Punc"tu*la`ted</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>punctulum</i>, dim. of <i>punctum</i> point.] <def>Marked with small spots.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The studs have their surface <i>punctulated</i>, as if set all over with other studs infinitely lesser.</blockquote> <i> Woodward.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Punc"tum</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., a point.] <def>A point.</def></p>

<p><col><b>||Punctum c&aelig;cum</b></col>. [L., blind point.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <cd>Same as <i>Blind spot</i>, under <u>Blind</u>.</cd> — <col><b>||Punctum proximum</b></col>, <cd>near point. See under <u>Point</u>.</cd> — <col><b>||Punctum remotum</b></col>, <cd>far point. See under <u>Point</u>.</cd> — <col><b>||Punctum vegetationis</b></col> [L., point of vegetation] <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>the terminal cell of a stem, or of a leaf bud, from which new growth originates.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Punc`tu*ra"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The act or process of puncturing. See <u>Acupuncture</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Punc"ture</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>punctura</i>, fr. <i>pungere</i>, <i>punctum</i>, to prick. See <u>Pungent</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of puncturing; perforating with something pointed.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A small hole made by a point; a slight wound, bite, or sting; as, the <i>puncture</i> of a nail, needle, or pin.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A lion may perish by the <i>puncture</i> of an asp.</blockquote> <i>Rambler.</i></p>

<p><hw>Punc"ture</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Punctured</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Puncturing</u>.] <def>To pierce with a small, pointed instrument, or the like; to prick; to make a puncture in; as, to <i>puncture</i> the skin.</def></p>

<p><hw>Punc"tured</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Having the surface covered with minute indentations or dots.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Produced by puncture; having the characteristics of a puncture; as, a <i>punctured</i> wound.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pun"dit</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Hind. <i>pandit</i>, Skr. <i>pandita</i> a learned man.] <def>A learned man; a teacher; esp., a Brahman versed in the Sanskrit language, and in the science, laws, and religion of the Hindoos; in Cashmere, any clerk or native official.</def> [Written also <i>pandit</i>.] [India]</p>

<p><hw>Pun"dle</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. <u>Bundle</u>.] <def>A short and fat woman; a squab.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Pu"nese</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>punaise</i>, fr. <i>punais</i> stinking, fr. L. <i>putere</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A bedbug.</def> [R or Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Pung</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Etymol. uncertain.] <def>A kind of plain sleigh drawn by one horse; originally, a rude oblong box on runners.</def> [U.S.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Sledges or <i>pungs</i>, coarsely framed of split saplings, and surmounted with a large crockery crate.</blockquote> <i> Judd.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>They did not take out the <i>pungs</i> to- day.</blockquote> <i> E. E. Hale.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pun"gence</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Pungent</u>.] <def>Pungency.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pun"gen*cy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality or state of being pungent or piercing; keenness; sharpness; piquancy; as, the <i>pungency</i> of ammonia.</def> "The <i>pungency</i> of menaces." <i>Hammond.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pun"gent</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>pungens</i>, <i>-entis</i>, p. pr. of <i>pungere</i>, <i>punctum</i>, to prick. Cf. <u>Compunction</u>, <u>Expunge</u>, <u>Poignant</u>, <u>Point</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, <u>Puncheon</u>, <u>Punctilio</u>, <u>Punt</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Causing a sharp sensation, as of the taste, smell, or feelings; pricking; biting; acrid; as, a <i>pungent</i> spice.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Pungent</i> radish biting infant's tongue.</blockquote> <i>Shenstone.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>pungent</i> grains of titillating dust.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Sharply painful; penetrating; poignant; severe; caustic; stinging.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>With <i>pungent</i> pains on every side.</blockquote> <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>His <i>pungent</i> pen played its part in rousing the nation.</blockquote> <i>J. R. Green.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Prickly-pointed; hard and sharp.</def></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Acrid; piercing; sharp; penetrating; acute; keen; acrimonious; biting; stinging.</p>

<p><hw>Pun"gent*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a pungent manner; sharply.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pun"gled</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Etymol. uncertain.] <def>Shriveled or shrunken; — said especially of grain which has lost its juices from the ravages of insects, such as the wheat midge, or Trips (<i>Thrips cerealium</i>).</def></p>

<p><hw>Pung"y</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Etymol. uncertain.] <def>A small sloop or shallop, or a large boat with sails.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pu"nic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>Punicus</i> pertaining to Carthage, or its inhabitants, fr. <i>Poeni</i> the Carthaginians.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Of or pertaining to the ancient Carthaginians.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Characteristic of the ancient Carthaginians; faithless; treacherous; as, <i>Punic</i> faith.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Yes, yes, his faith attesting nations own;<BR> 'T is <i>Punic</i> all, and to a proverb known.</blockquote> <i> H. Brooke.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pu"nice</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>See <u>Punese</u>.</def> [Obs. or R.]</p>

<p><hw>Pu"nice</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To punish.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pu*ni"ceous</hw> (?), <hw>Pu*ni"cial</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>puniceus</i>, fr. <i>Punicus</i> Punic.] <def>Of a bright red or purple color.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Pu"ni*ness</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality or state of being puny; littleness; pettiness; feebleness.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pun"ish</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Punished</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Punishing</u>.] [OE. <i>punischen</i>, F. <i>punir</i>, from L. <i>punire</i>, <i>punitum</i>, akin to <i>poena</i> punishment, penalty. See <u>Pain</u>, and <u>-ish</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To impose a penalty upon; to afflict with pain, loss, or suffering for a crime or fault, either with or without a view to the offender's amendment; to cause to suffer in retribution; to chasten; as, to <i>punish</i> traitors with death; a father <i>punishes</i> his child for willful disobedience.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A greater power<BR> Now ruled him, <i>punished</i> in the shape he sinned.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To inflict a penalty for (an offense) upon the offender; to repay, as a fault, crime, etc., with pain or loss; as, to <i>punish</i> murder or treason with death.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To injure, as by beating; to pommel.</def> [Low]</p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — To chastise; castigate; scourge; whip; lash; correct; discipline. See <u>Chasten</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Pun"ish*a*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>punissable</i>.] <def>Deserving of, or liable to, punishment; capable of being punished by law or right; — said of person or offenses.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>That time was, when to be a Protestant, to be a Christian, was by law as <i>punishable</i> as to be a traitor.</blockquote> <i> Milton.</i></p>

<p>— <wf>Pun"ish*a*ble*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Pun"ish*er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who inflicts punishment.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pun"ish*ment</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of punishing.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Any pain, suffering, or loss inflicted on a person because of a crime or offense.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I never gave them condign <i>punishment</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The rewards and <i>punishments</i> of another life.</blockquote> <i>Locke.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Law)</i> <def>A penalty inflicted by a court of justice on a convicted offender as a just retribution, and incidentally for the purposes of reformation and prevention.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pu*ni"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>punitio</i>: cf. F. <i>punition</i>. See <u>Punish</u>.] <def>Punishment.</def> [R.] <i>Mir. for Mag.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pu"ni*tive</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to punishment; involving, awarding, or inflicting punishment; as, <i>punitive</i> law or justice.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>If death be <i>punitive</i>, so, likewise, is the necessity imposed upon man of toiling for his subsistence.</blockquote> <i> I. Taylor.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>We shall dread a blow from the <i>punitive</i> hand.</blockquote> <i>Bagehot.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pu"ni*to*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Punishing; tending to punishment; punitive.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>God . . . may make moral evil, as well as natural, at the same time both prudential and <i>punitory</i>.</blockquote> <i>A. Tucker.</i></p>

<p><hw>Punk</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. <u>Spunk</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Wood so decayed as to be dry, crumbly, and useful for tinder; touchwood.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A fungus (<i>Polyporus fomentarius</i>, etc.) sometimes dried for tinder; agaric.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>An artificial tinder. See <u>Amadou</u>, and <u>Spunk</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>A prostitute; a strumpet.</def> [Obsoles.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Pun"ka</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Hind. <i>pankh&amacr;</i> fan.] <def>A machine for fanning a room, usually a movable fanlike frame covered with canvas, and suspended from the ceiling. It is kept in motion by pulling a cord.</def> [Hindostan] [Written also <i>punkah</i>.] <i>Malcom.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pun"kin</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A pumpkin.</def> [Colloq. U. S.]</p>

<p><hw>Punk"ling</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A young strumpet.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Pun"ner</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A punster.</def> <i>Beau. & Fl.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pun"net</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. Ir. <i>buinne</i> a shoot, branch.] <def>A broad, shallow basket, for displaying fruit or flowers.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pun*nol"o*gy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Pun</i> + <i>- logy</i>.] <def>The art or practice of punning; paronomasia.</def> [R.] <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pun"ster</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who puns, or is skilled in, or given to, punning; a quibbler; a low wit.</def></p>

<p><hw>Punt</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [F. <i>ponter</i>, or It. <i>puntare</i>, fr. L. <i>punctum</i> point. See <u>Point</u>.] <def>To play at basset, baccara, faro. or omber; to gamble.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>She heard . . . of his <i>punting</i> at gaming tables.</blockquote> <i>Thackeray.</i></p>

<p><hw>Punt</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Act of playing at basset, baccara, faro, etc.</def></p>

<p><hw>Punt</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS., fr. L. <i>ponto</i> punt, pontoon. See <u>Pontoon</u>.] <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>A flat-bottomed boat with square ends. It is adapted for use in shallow waters.</def></p>

<p><hw>Punt</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To propel, as a boat in shallow water, by pushing with a pole against the bottom; to push or propel (anything) with exertion.</def> <i>Livingstone.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Football)</i> <def>To kick (the ball) before it touches the ground, when let fall from the hands.</def></p>

<p><hw>Punt</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Football)</i> <def>The act of punting the ball.</def></p>

<p><hw>Punt"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>[Cf. F. <i>ponte</i>. See <u>Punt</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>] <def>One who punts; specifically, one who plays against the banker or dealer, as in baccara and faro.</def> <i>Hoyle.</i></p>

<p><hw>Punt"er</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who punts a football; also, one who propels a punt.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pun"til</hw> (?), <hw>Pun"tel</hw> (?) }, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Glass Making)</i> <def>See <u>Pontee</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pun"to</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [It. <i>punto</i>, L. <i>punctum</i> point. See <u>Point</u>.] <i>(Fencing)</i> <def>A point or hit.</def></p>

<p><col><b>||Punto diritto</b></col> [It.], <cd>a direct stroke or hit.</cd> — <col><b>||Punto reverso</b></col> [It. <i>riverso</i> reverse], <cd>a backhanded stroke.</cd> <i>Halliwell.</i> "Ah, the immortal passado! the <i>punto reverso</i>!" <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pun"ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Glass Making)</i> <def>See <u>Pontee</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pu"ny</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<pos><i>Compar.</i></pos> <u>Punier</u> (?); <pos><i>superl.</i></pos> <u>Puniest</u>.] [F. <i>pu&icirc;t&eacute;</i> younger, later born, OF. <i>puisn&eacute;</i>; <i>puis</i> afterwards (L. <i>post</i>; see <u>Post-</u>) + <i>n&eacute;</i> born, L. <i>natus</i>. See <u>Natal</u>, and cf. <u>Puisne</u>.] <def>Imperfectly developed in size or vigor; small and feeble; inferior; petty.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A <i>puny</i> subject strikes at thy great glory.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Breezes laugh to scorn our <i>puny</i> speed.</blockquote> <i>Keble.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pu"ny</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A youth; a novice.</def> [R.] <i>Fuller.</i></p>

<p><hw>Puoy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Poy</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, 3.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pup</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Puppy</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A young dog; a puppy.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>a young seal.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pup</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Pupped</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Pupping</u>.] <def>To bring forth whelps or young, as the female of the canine species.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pu"pa</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> L. <plw><b>Pup&?;</b></plw> (#), E. <plw><b>Pupas</b></plw> (#). [L. <i>pupa</i> girl. doll, puppet, fem. of <i>pupus</i>. Cf. <u>Puppet</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any insect in that stage of its metamorphosis which usually immediately precedes the adult, or imago, stage.</def></p>

<p>&fist; Among insects belonging to the higher orders, as the Hymenoptera, Diptera, Lepidoptera, the pupa is inactive and takes no food; in the lower orders it is active and takes food, and differs little from the imago except in the rudimentary state of the sexual organs, and of the wings in those that have wings when adult. The term <i>pupa</i> is sometimes applied to other invertebrates in analogous stages of development.</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A genus of air- breathing land snails having an elongated spiral shell.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Coarctate</b></col>, or <col><b>Obtected</b></col>, <col><b>pupa</b></col>, <cd>a pupa which is incased in the dried-up skin of the larva, as in many Diptera.</cd> — <col><b>Masked pupa</b></col>, <cd>a pupa whose limbs are bound down and partly concealed by a chitinous covering, as in Lepidoptera.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pu"pal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to a pupa, or the condition of a pupa.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pu"pate</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>To become a pupa.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pu*pa"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>the act of becoming a pupa.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pupe</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A pupa.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pu*pe"lo</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Cider brandy.</def> [Local, U. S.] <i>Bartlett.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pu*pig"er*ous</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Pupa</i> + <i>- gerous</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Bearing or containing a pupa; — said of dipterous larv&aelig; which do not molt when the pupa is formed within them.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pu"pil</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>pupille</i>, n. fem., L. <i>pupilla</i> the pupil of the eye, originally dim. of <i>pupa</i> a girl. See <u>Puppet</u>, and cf. <u>Pupil</u> a scholar.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>The aperture in the iris; the sight, apple, or black of the eye. See the Note under <u>Eye</u>, and <u>Iris</u>.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Pin-hole pupil</b></col> <i>(Med.)</i>, <cd>the pupil of the eye when so contracted (as it sometimes is in typhus, or opium poisoning) as to resemble a pin hole.</cd> <i>Dunglison.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pu"pil</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>pupille</i>, n. masc. & fem., L. <i>pupillus</i>, <i>pupilla</i>, dim. of <i>pupus</i> boy, <i>pupa</i> girl. See <u>Puppet</u>, and cf. <u>Pupil</u> of the eye.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A youth or scholar of either sex under the care of an instructor or tutor.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Too far in years to be a <i>pupil</i> now.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Tutors should behave reverently before their <i>pupils</i>.</blockquote> <i>L'Estrange.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A person under a guardian; a ward.</def> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Civil Law)</i> <def>A boy or a girl under the age of puberty, that is, under fourteen if a male, and under twelve if a female.</def></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Learner; disciple; tyro. — See <u>Scholar</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Pu"pil*age</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The state of being a pupil.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>As sons of kings, loving in <i>pupilage</i>,<BR> Have turned to tyrants when they came to power.</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pu`pil*lar"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>pupillarit&eacute;</i>. See <u>Pupillary</u>.] <i>(Scots Law)</i> <def>The period before puberty, or from birth to fourteen in males, and twelve in females.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pu"pil*la*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>pupillaris</i>: cf. F. <i>pupillaire</i>. See <u>Pupil</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Of or pertaining to a pupil or ward.</def> <i>Johnson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to the pupil of the eye.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pu`pil*lom"e*ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>pupilla</i> pupil of the eye + <i>-meter</i>.] <i>(Physiol.)</i> <def>An instrument for measuring the size of the pupil of the pupil of the eye.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pu*pip"a*ra</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Pupiparous</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A division of Diptera in which the young are born in a stage like the pupa. It includes the sheep tick, horse tick, and other parasites. Called also <i>Homaloptera</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pu*pip"a*rous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Pupa</i> + L. <i>parere</i> to bring forth.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>Bearing, or containing, a pupa; — said of the matured larv&aelig;, or larval skins, of certain Diptera.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>Of or pertaining to the Pupipara.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pu*piv"o*ra</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Pupivorous</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A group of parasitic Hymenoptera, including the ichneumon flies, which destroy the larv&aelig; and pup&aelig; of insects.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pu*piv"o*rous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Pupa</i> + L. <i>vorare</i> to devour.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Feeding on the pup&aelig; of insects.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pup"li*can</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Publican.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Pup"pet</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>popet</i>, OF. <i>poupette</i>; akin to F. <i>poup&eacute;e</i> a doll, probably from L. <i>puppa</i>, <i>pupa</i>, a girl, doll, puppet. Cf. <u>Poupeton</u>, <u>Pupa</u>, <u>Pupil</u>, <u>Puppy</u>.] [Written also <i>poppet</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A small image in the human form; a doll.</def></p>

<p><! p. 1164 !></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A similar figure moved by the hand or by a wire in a mock drama; a marionette; a wooden actor in a play.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>At the pipes of some carved organ move,<BR> The gilded <i>puppets</i> dance.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>One controlled in his action by the will of another; a tool; — so used in contempt.</def> <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Mach.)</i> <def>The upright support for the bearing of the spindle in a lathe.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Puppet master</b></col>. <cd>Same as <u>Puppetman</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Puppet play</b></col>, <cd>a puppet show.</cd> — <col><b>Puppet player</b></col>, <cd>one who manages the motions of puppets.</cd> — <col><b>Puppet show</b></col>, <cd>a mock drama performed by puppets moved by wires.</cd> — <col><b>Puppet valve</b></col>, <cd>a valve in the form of a circular disk, which covers a hole in its seat, and opens by moving bodily away from the seat while remaining parallel with it, — used in steam engines, pumps, safety valves, etc. Its edge is often beveled, and fits in a conical recess in the seat when the valve is closed. See the valves shown in <i>Illusts.</i> of <i>Plunger pump</i>, and <i>Safety valve</i>, under <u>Plunger</u>, and <u>Safety</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pup"pet*ish</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Resembling a puppet in appearance or action; of the nature of a puppet.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pup"pet*man</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A master of a puppet show.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pup"pet*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Action or appearance resembling that of a puppet, or puppet show; hence, mere form or show; affectation.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Puppetry</i> of the English laws of divorce.</blockquote> <i>Chambers.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pup"py</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Puppies</b></plw> (#). [F. <i>poup&eacute;e</i> doll, puppet. See <u>Puppet</u>, and cf. <u>Pup</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The young of a canine animal, esp. of the common dog; a whelp.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A name of contemptuous reproach for a conceited and impertinent person.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I found my place taken by an ill-bred, awkward <i>puppy</i> with a money bag under each arm.</blockquote> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pup"py</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Puppied</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Puppying</u>.] <def>To bring forth whelps; to pup.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pup"py*hood</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The time or state of being a puppy; the time of being young and undisciplined.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pup"py*ish</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Like a puppy.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pup"py*ism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Extreme meanness, affectation, conceit, or impudence.</def> <i>A. Chalmers.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pur</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Purred</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Purring</u>.] [Of imitative origin; cf. Prov. G. <i>purren</i>.] <def>To utter a low, murmuring, continued sound, as a cat does when pleased.</def> [Written also <i>purr</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Pur</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To signify or express by purring.</def> <i>Gray.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pur</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The low, murmuring sound made by a cat to express contentment or pleasure.</def> [Written also <i>purr</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>||Pu*ra"na</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Skr. <i>pur&amacr;&?;</i>, properly. old, ancient, fr. <i>pur&amacr;</i> formerly.] <def>One of a class of sacred Hindoo poetical works in the Sanskrit language which treat of the creation, destruction, and renovation of worlds, the genealogy and achievements of gods and heroes, the reigns of the Manus, and the transactions of their descendants. The principal Puranas are eighteen in number, and there are the same number of supplementary books called <i>Upa Puranas</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pu*ran"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pertaining to the Puranas.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pur"beck beds`</hw> (?). [So called from the Isle of <i>Purbeck</i> in England.] <i>(Geol.)</i> <def>The strata of the Purbeck stone, or Purbeck limestone, belonging to the O&ouml;litic group. See the <i>Chart</i> of <u>Geology</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pur"beck stone`</hw> (?). <i>(Geol.)</i> <def>A limestone from the Isle of Purbeck in England.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pur"blind`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [For <i>pure- blind</i>, i. e., wholly blind. See <u>Pure</u>, and cf. <u>Poreblind</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Wholly blind.</def> "<i>Purblind</i> Argus, all eyes and no sight." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Nearsighted, or dim-sighted; seeing obscurely; as, a <i>purblind</i> eye; a <i>purblind</i> mole.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The saints have not so sharp eyes to see down from heaven; they be <i>purblind</i>and sand-blind.</blockquote> <i>Latimer.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>O <i>purblind</i> race of miserable men.</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p>— <wf>Pur"blind`ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Pur"blind`ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Purce"lane</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Purslane.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Pur"chas*a*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Capable of being bought, purchased, or obtained for a consideration; hence, venal; corrupt.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Money being the counterbalance to all things <i>purchasable</i> by it, as much as you take off from the value of money, so much you add to the price of things exchanged.</blockquote> <i>Locke.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pur"chase</hw> (?; 48), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Purchased</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Purchasing</u>.] [OE. <i>purchasen</i>, <i>porchacen</i>, OF. <i>porchacier</i>, <i>purchacier</i>, to pursue, to seek eagerly, F. <i>pourchasser</i>; OF. <i>pour</i>, <i>por</i>, <i>pur</i>, for (L. <i>pro</i>) + <i>chacier</i> to pursue, to chase. See <u>Chase</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To pursue and obtain; to acquire by seeking; to gain, obtain, or acquire.</def> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>That loves the thing he can not <i>purchase</i>.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Your accent is Something finer than you could <i>purchase</i> in so removed a dwelling.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>His faults . . . hereditary<BR> Rather than <i>purchased</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To obtain by paying money or its equivalent; to buy for a price; as, to <i>purchase</i> land, or a house.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The field which Abraham <i>purchased</i> of the sons of Heth.</blockquote> <i>Gen. xxv. 10.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To obtain by any outlay, as of labor, danger, or sacrifice, etc.; as, to <i>purchase</i> favor with flattery.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>One poor retiring minute . . . <BR> Would <i>purchase</i> thee a thousand thousand friends.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>A world who would not <i>purchase</i> with a bruise?</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To expiate by a fine or forfeit.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Not tears nor prayers shall <i>purchase</i> out abuses.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <i>(Law)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>To acquire by any means except descent or inheritance.</def> <i>Blackstone.</i> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>To buy for a price.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>To apply to (anything) a device for obtaining a mechanical advantage; to get a purchase upon, or apply a purchase to; as, to <i>purchase</i> a cannon.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pur"chase</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To put forth effort to obtain anything; to strive; to exert one's self.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Duke John of Brabant <i>purchased</i> greatly that the Earl of Flanders should have his daughter in marriage.</blockquote> <i>Ld. Berners.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To acquire wealth or property.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Sure our lawyers<BR> Would not <i>purchase</i> half so fast.</blockquote> <i>J. Webster.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pur"chase</hw> (?; 48), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>purchds</i>, F. <i>pourchas</i> eager pursuit. See <u>Purchase</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of seeking, getting, or obtaining anything.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>I'll . . . get meat to have thee,<BR> Or lose my life in the <i>purchase</i>.</blockquote> <i>Beau. & Fl.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The act of seeking and acquiring property.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>The acquisition of title to, or properly in, anything for a price; buying for money or its equivalent.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>It is foolish to lay out money in the <i>purchase</i> of repentance.</blockquote> <i>Franklin.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>That which is obtained, got, or acquired, in any manner, honestly or dishonestly; property; possession; acquisition.</def> <i>Chaucer. B. Jonson.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>We met with little <i>purchase</i> upon this coast, except two small vessels of Golconda.</blockquote> <i>De Foe.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>A beauty-waning and distressed widow . . . <BR> Made prize and <i>purchase</i> of his lustful eye.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>That which is obtained for a price in money or its equivalent.</def> "The scrip was complete evidence of his right in the <i>purchase</i>." <i>Wheaton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>Any mechanical hold, or advantage, applied to the raising or removing of heavy bodies, as by a lever, a tackle, capstan, and the like; also, the apparatus, tackle, or device by which the advantage is gained.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A politician, to do great things, looks for a power — what our workmen call a <i>purchase</i>.</blockquote> <i>Burke.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <i>(Law)</i> <def>Acquisition of lands or tenements by other means than descent or inheritance, namely, by one's own act or agreement.</def> <i>Blackstone.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Purchase criminal</b></col>, <cd>robbery.</cd> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i> — <col><b>Purchase money</b></col>, <cd>the money paid, or contracted to be paid, for anything bought.</cd> <i>Berkeley.</i> — <col><b>Worth, or At</b></col>, <col><b>[so many] years' purchase</b></col>, <cd>a phrase by which the value or cost of a thing is expressed in the length of time required for the income to amount to the purchasing price; as, he bought the estate at a twenty years' purchase. To say one's life is not <i>worth a day's purchase</i> in the same as saying one will not live a day, or is in imminent peril.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pur"chas*er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who purchases; one who acquires property for a consideration, generally of money; a buyer; a vendee.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Law)</i> <def>One who acquires an estate in lands by his own act or agreement, or who takes or obtains an estate by any means other than by descent or inheritance.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pur"dah</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Per. <i>parda</i> a curtain.] <def>A curtain or screen; also, a cotton fabric in blue and white stripes, used for curtains.</def> <i>McElrath.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pure</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<pos><i>Compar.</i></pos> <u>Purer</u> (?); <pos><i>superl.</i></pos> <u>Purest</u>.] [OE. <i>pur</i>, F. <i>pur</i>, fr. L. <i>purus</i>; akin to <i>putus</i> pure, clear, <i>putare</i> to clean, trim, prune, set in order, settle, reckon, consider, think, Skr. <i>p&?;</i> to clean, and perh. E. <i>fire</i>. Cf. <u>Putative</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Separate from all heterogeneous or extraneous matter; free from mixture or combination; clean; mere; simple; unmixed; as, <i>pure</i> water; <i>pure</i> clay; <i>pure</i> air; <i>pure</i> compassion.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>pure</i> fetters on his shins great.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>A guinea is <i>pure</i> gold if it has in it no alloy.</blockquote> <i>I. Watts.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Free from moral defilement or quilt; hence, innocent; guileless; chaste; — applied to persons.</def> "Keep thyself <i>pure</i>." <i>1 Tim. v. 22.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Now the end of the commandment is charity out of a <i>pure</i> heart, and of a good conscience.</blockquote> <i>1 Tim. i. 5.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Free from that which harms, vitiates, weakens, or pollutes; genuine; real; perfect; — applied to things and actions.</def> "<i>Pure</i> religion and impartial laws." <i>Tickell.</i> "The <i>pure</i>, fine talk of Rome." <i>Ascham.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Such was the origin of a friendship as warm and <i>pure</i> as any that ancient or modern history records.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Script.)</i> <def>Ritually clean; fitted for holy services.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Thou shalt set them in two rows, six on a row, upon the <i>pure</i> table before the Lord.</blockquote> <i>Lev. xxiv. 6.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <i>(Phonetics)</i> <def>Of a single, simple sound or tone; — said of some vowels and the unaspirated consonants.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Pure-impure</b></col>, <cd>completely or totally impure.</cd> "The inhabitants were <i>pure-impure</i> pagans." <i>Fuller.</i> — <col><b>Pure blue</b></col>. <i>(Chem.)</i> <cd>See <i>Methylene blue</i>, under <u>Methylene</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Pure chemistry</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Chemistry</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Pure mathematics</b></col>, <cd>that portion of mathematics which treats of the principles of the science, or contradistinction to <i>applied mathematics</i>, which treats of the application of the principles to the investigation of other branches of knowledge, or to the practical wants of life.</cd> See <u>Mathematics</u>. <i>Davies & Peck (Math. Dict. )</i> — <col><b>Pure villenage</b></col> <i>(Feudal Law)</i>, <cd>a tenure of lands by uncertain services at the will of the lord.</cd> <i>Blackstone.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Unmixed; clear; simple; real; true; genuine; unadulterated; uncorrupted; unsullied; untarnished; unstained; stainless; clean; fair; unspotted; spotless; incorrupt; chaste; unpolluted; undefiled; immaculate; innocent; guiltless; guileless; holy.</p>

<p><hw>Pured</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Purified; refined.</def> [Obs.] "Bread of <i>pured</i> wheat." "<i>Pured</i> gold." <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Pu`r&eacute;e"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F.] <def>A dish made by boiling any article of food to a pulp and rubbing it through a sieve; as, a <i>pur&eacute;e</i> of fish, or of potatoes; especially, a soup the thickening of which is so treated.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pure"ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>In a pure manner (in any sense of the adjective).</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Nicely; prettily.</def> [Archaic] <i>Halliwell.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pure"ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The state of being pure (in any sense of the adjective).</def></p>

<p><hw>Pur"file</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Purfle</u>.] <def>A sort of ancient trimming of tinsel and thread for women's gowns; — called also <i>bobbinwork</i>.</def> [Obs.] <i>Piers Plowman.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pur"fle</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [OF. <i>pourfiler</i>; <i>pour</i> for + <i>fil</i> a thread, L. <i>filum</i>. See <u>Profile</u>, and cf. <u>Purl</u> a border.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To decorate with a wrought or flowered border; to embroider; to ornament with metallic threads; as, to <i>purfle</i> with blue and white.</def> <i>P. Plowman.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>A goodly lady clad in scarlet red,<BR> <i>Purfled</i> with gold and pearl of rich assay.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Her.)</i> <def>To ornament with a bordure of emines, furs, and the like; also, with gold studs or mountings.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pur"fle</hw> (?), <hw>Pur"flew</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A hem, border., or trimming, as of embroidered work.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Her.)</i> <def>A border of any heraldic fur.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pur"fled</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Ornamented; decorated; esp., embroidered on the edges.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Purfled work</b></col> <i>(Arch.)</i>, <cd>delicate tracery, especially in Gothic architecture.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pur"fling</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Ornamentation on the border of a thing; specifically, the inlaid border of a musical instrument, as a violin.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pur"ga*ment</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>purgamentum</i> offscourings, washings, expiatory sacrifice. See <u>Purge</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>That which is excreted; excretion.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>A cathartic; a purgative.</def> [Obs.] <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pur*ga"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>purgatio</i>: cf. F. <i>purgation</i>. See <u>Purge</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of purging; the act of clearing, cleansing, or putifying, by separating and carrying off impurities, or whatever is superfluous; the evacuation of the bowels.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Law)</i> <def>The clearing of one's self from a crime of which one was publicly suspected and accused. It was either <i>canonical</i>, which was prescribed by the canon law, the form whereof used in the spiritual court was, that the person suspected take his oath that he was clear of the matter objected against him, and bring his honest neighbors with him to make oath that they believes he swore truly; or <i>vulgar</i>, which was by fire or water ordeal, or by combat. See <u>Ordeal</u>.</def> <i>Wharton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Let him put me to my <i>purgation</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pur"ga*tive</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>purgativus</i>: cf. F. <i>purgatif</i>.] <def>Having the power or quality of purging; cathartic.</def> — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>A purging medicine; a cathartic.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pur"ga*tive*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a purgative manner.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pur`ga*to"ri*al</hw> (?), <hw>Pur`ga*to"ri*an</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to purgatory; expiatory.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pur`ga*to"ri*an</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who holds to the doctrine of purgatory.</def> <i>Boswell.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pur"ga*to*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>purgatorius</i>.] <def>Tending to cleanse; cleansing; expiatory.</def> <i>Burke.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pur"ga*to*ry</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>purgatoire</i>.] <def>A state or place of purification after death; according to the Roman Catholic creed, a place, or a state believed to exist after death, in which the souls of persons are purified by expiating such offenses committed in this life as do not merit eternal damnation, or in which they fully satisfy the justice of God for sins that have been forgiven. After this purgation from the impurities of sin, the souls are believed to be received into heaven.</def></p>

<p><hw>Purge</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Purged</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Purging</u> (?).] [F. <i>purger</i>, L. <i>purgare</i>; <i>purus</i> pure + <i>agere</i> to make, to do. See <u>Pure</u>, and <u>Agent</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To cleanse, clear, or purify by separating and carrying off whatever is impure, heterogeneous, foreign, or superfluous.</def> "Till fire <i>purge</i> all things new." <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>To operate on as, or by means of, a cathartic medicine, or in a similar manner.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To clarify; to defecate, as liquors.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To clear of sediment, as a boiler, or of air, as a steam pipe, by driving off or permitting escape.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>To clear from guilt, or from moral or ceremonial defilement; as, to <i>purge</i> one of guilt or crime.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>When that he hath <i>purged</i> you from sin.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Purge</i> me with hyssop, and I shall be clean.</blockquote> <i>Ps. li. 7.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <i>(Law)</i> <def>To clear from accusation, or the charge of a crime or misdemeanor, as by oath or in ordeal.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <def>To remove in cleansing; to deterge; to wash away; — often followed by <i>away</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Purge</i> away our sins, for thy name's sake.</blockquote> <i>Ps. lxxix. 9.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>We 'll join our cares to <i>purge</i> away<BR> Our country's crimes.</blockquote> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><hw>Purge</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To become pure, as by clarification.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To have or produce frequent evacuations from the intestines, as by means of a cathartic.</def></p>

<p><hw>Purge</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>purge</i>. See <u>Purge</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of purging.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The preparative for the <i>purge</i> of paganism of the kingdom of Northumberland.</blockquote> <i>Fuller.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>That which purges; especially, a medicine that evacuates the intestines; a cathartic.</def> <i>Arbuthnot.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pur"ger</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who, or that which, purges or cleanses; especially, a cathartic medicine.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pur"ger*y</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The part of a sugarhouse where the molasses is drained off from the sugar.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pur"ging</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>That purges; cleansing.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Purging flax</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>an annual European plant of the genus <i>Linum</i> (<i>L. catharticum</i>); dwarf wild flax; — so called from its use as a cathartic medicine.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pur"ging</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>The act of cleansing; excessive evacuations; especially, diarrhea.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pur"i</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>See <u>Euxanthin</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pu`ri*fi*ca"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>purification</i>, L. <i>purificatio</i>. See <u>Purify</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of purifying; the act or operation of separating and removing from anything that which is impure or noxious, or heterogeneous or foreign to it; as, the <i>purification</i> of liquors, or of metals.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The act or operation of cleansing ceremonially, by removing any pollution or defilement.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>When the days of her <i>purification</i> according to the law of Moses were accomplished.</blockquote> <i>Luke ii. 22.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A cleansing from guilt or the pollution of sin; the extinction of sinful desires, appetites, and inclinations.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pu"ri*fi*ca*tive</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>purificatif</i>.] <def>Having power to purify; tending to cleanse.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Pu"ri*fi*ca`tor</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who, or that which, purifies; a purifier.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pu*rif"i*ca*to*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>purificatorius</i>.] <def>Serving or tending to purify; purificative.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pu"ri*fi`er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who, or that which, purifies or cleanses; a cleanser; a refiner.</def></p>

<p><! p. 1165 !></p>

<p><hw>Pu"ri*form</hw> (p&umacr;"r&ibreve;*f&ocirc;rm), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>pus</i>, <i>puris</i>, pus + <i>-form</i>: cf. F. <i>puriforme</i>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>In the form of pus.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pu"ri*fy</hw> (-f&imacr;), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Purified</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Purifying</u> (?).] [F. <i>purifier</i>, L. <i>purificare</i>; <i>purus</i> pure + <i>-ficare</i> (in comp.) to make. See <u>Pure</u>, and <u>-fy</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To make pure or clear from material defilement, admixture, or imperfection; to free from extraneous or noxious matter; as, to <i>purify</i> liquors or metals; to <i>purify</i> the blood; to <i>purify</i> the air.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Hence, in figurative uses: <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> To free from guilt or moral defilement; as, to <i>purify</i> the heart.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>And fit them so<BR> <i>Purified</i> to receive him pure.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>To free from ceremonial or legal defilement.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>And Moses took the blood, and put it upon the horns of the altar, . . . and <i>purified</i> the altar.</blockquote> <i>Lev. viii. 15.</i></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Purify</i> both yourselves and your captives.</blockquote> <i> Num. xxxi. 19.</i></p>

<p><sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <def>To free from improprieties or barbarisms; as, to <i>purify</i> a language.</def> <i>Sprat.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pu"ri*fy</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To grow or become pure or clear.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pu"rim</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Heb. <i>p&umacr;r</i>, pl. <i>p&umacr;r&imacr;m</i>, a lot.] <def>A Jewish festival, called also the Feast of Lots, instituted to commemorate the deliverance of the Jews from the machinations of Haman.</def> <i>Esther ix. 26.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pur"ism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>purisme</i>.] <def>Rigid purity; the quality of being affectedly pure or nice, especially in the choice of language; over-solicitude as to purity.</def> "His political <i>purism</i>." <i>De Quincey.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The English language, however, . . . had even already become too thoroughly and essentially a mixed tongue for his doctrine of <i>purism</i> to be admitted to the letter.</blockquote> <i>Craik.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pur"ist</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>puriste</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who aims at excessive purity or nicety, esp. in the choice of language.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He [Fox] . . . purified vocabulary with a scrupulosity unknown to any <i>purist</i>.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>One who maintains that the New Testament was written in pure Greek.</def> <i>M. Stuart.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pu*ris"tic</hw> (?), <hw>Pu*ris"tic*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to purists or purism.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pu"ri*tan</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From <u>Purity</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Eccl. Hist.)</i> <def>One who, in the time of Queen Elizabeth and the first two Stuarts, opposed traditional and formal usages, and advocated simpler forms of faith and worship than those established by law; — originally, a term of reproach. The Puritans formed the bulk of the early population of New England.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The <i>Puritans</i> were afterward distinguished as <i>Political Puritans</i>, <i>Doctrinal Puritans</i>, and <i>Puritans in Discipline</i>. <i>Hume.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>One who is scrupulous and strict in his religious life; — often used reproachfully or in contempt; one who has overstrict notions.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>She would make a <i>puritan</i> of the devil.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pu"ri*tan</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to the Puritans; resembling, or characteristic of, the Puritans.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pu`ri*tan"ic</hw> (?), <hw>Pu`ri*tan"ic*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Of or pertaining to the Puritans, or to their doctrines and practice.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Precise in observance of legal or religious requirements; strict; overscrupulous; rigid; — often used by way of reproach or contempt.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Paritanical</i> circles, from which plays and novels were strictly excluded.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>He had all the <i>puritanic</i> traits, both good and evil.</blockquote> <i>Hawthorne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pu`ri*tan"ic*al*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a puritanical manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pu"ri*tan*ism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The doctrines, notions, or practice of Puritans.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pu"ri*tan*ize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Puritanized</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Puritanizing</u> (?).] <def>To agree with, or teach, the doctrines of Puritans; to conform to the practice of Puritans.</def> <i>Bp. Montagu.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pu"ri*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>purete</i>, <i>purte</i>, OF. <i>purt&eacute;</i>, F. <i>puret&eacute;</i>, from L. <i>puritas</i>, fr. <i>purus</i> pure. See <u>Pure</u>.] <def>The condition of being pure.</def> Specifically: <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>freedom from foreign admixture or deleterious matter; as, the <i>purity</i> of water, of wine, of drugs, of metals.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>Cleanness; freedom from foulness or dirt.</def> "The <i>purity</i> of a linen vesture." <i>Holyday.</i> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <def>Freedom from guilt or the defilement of sin; innocence; chastity; as, <i>purity</i> of heart or of life.</def> <sd><i>(d)</i></sd> <def>Freedom from any sinister or improper motives or views.</def> <sd><i>(e)</i></sd> <def>Freedom from foreign idioms, or from barbarous or improper words or phrases; as, <i>purity</i> of style.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pur"kin*je's cells`</hw> (?). [From J. E. <i>Purkinje</i>, their discoverer.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Large ganglion cells forming a layer near the surface of the cerebellum.</def></p>

<p><hw>Purl</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [Contr. fr. <i>purfile</i>, <i>purfle</i>. See <u>Purfle</u>.] <def>To decorate with fringe or embroidery.</def> "Nature's cradle more enchased and <i>purled</i>." <i>B. Jonson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Purl</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>An embroidered and puckered border; a hem or fringe, often of gold or silver twist; also, a pleat or fold, as of a band.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A triumphant chariot made of carnation velvet, enriched with<i>purl</i> and pearl.</blockquote> <i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>An inversion of stitches in knitting, which gives to the work a ribbed or waved appearance.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Purl stitch</b></col>. <cd>Same as <u>Purl</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, 2.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Purl</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Purled</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Purling</u>.] [Cf. Sw. <i>porla</i>, and E. <i>pur</i> to murmur as a cat.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To run swiftly round, as a small stream flowing among stones or other obstructions; to eddy; also, to make a murmuring sound, as water does in running over or through obstructions.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Swift o'er the rolling pebbles, down the hills,<BR> Louder and louder <i>purl</i> the falling rills.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> [Perh. fr. F. <i>perler</i> to pearl, to bead. See <u>Pearl</u>, <pos><i>v. & n.</i></pos>] <def>To rise in circles, ripples, or undulations; to curl; to mantle.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>thin winding breath which <i>purled</i> up to the sky.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Purl</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See 3d <u>Purl</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A circle made by the notion of a fluid; an eddy; a ripple.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Whose stream an easy breath doth seem to blow,<BR> Which on the sparkling gravel runs in <i>purles</i>,<BR> As though the waves had been of silver curls.</blockquote> <i>Drayton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A gentle murmur, as that produced by the running of a liquid among obstructions; as, the <i>purl</i> of a brook.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> [Perh. from F. <i>perler</i>, v. See <u>Purl</u> to mantle.] <def>Malt liquor, medicated or spiced; formerly, ale or beer in which wormwood or other bitter herbs had been infused, and which was regarded as tonic; at present, hot beer mixed with gin, sugar, and spices.</def> "Drank a glass of <i>purl</i> to recover appetite." <i>Addison.</i> "Drinking hot <i>purl</i>, and smoking pipes." <i>Dickens.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A tern.</def> [Prov. Eng.]</p>

<p><hw>Pur"lieu</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Corrupted (by influence of <i>lieu</i> place) fr. OF. <i>pural&eacute;e</i>, <i>poral&eacute;e</i> (equiv. to LL. <i>perambulatio</i> a survey of boundaries, originally, a going through); <i>por</i> (L. <i>pro</i>, confused, however, with L. <i>per</i> through) + <i>al&eacute;e</i>. See <u>Pro-</u>, and <u>Alley</u>.] [Written also <i>pourlieu</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Originally, the ground near a royal forest, which, having been unlawfully added to the forest, was afterwards severed from it, and disafforested so as to remit to the former owners their rights.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Then as a tiger, who by chance hath spied<BR> In some <i>purlieu</i> two gentle fawns at play.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Hence, the outer portion of any place; an adjacent district; environs; neighborhood.</def> "The <i>purlieus</i> of St. James."</p>

<p><blockquote>brokers had been incessantly plying for custom in the <i>purlieus</i> of the court.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pur"lin</hw>, <hw>Pur"line</hw> } (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Etymol. uncertain.] <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>In root construction, a horizontal member supported on the principals and supporting the common rafters.</def></p>

<p><hw>Purl"ing</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See 3d <u>Purl</u>.] <def>The motion of a small stream running among obstructions; also, the murmur it makes in so doing.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pur*loin"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Purloined</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Purloining</u>.] [OF. <i>purloignier</i>, <i>porloignier</i>, to retard, delay; <i>pur</i>, <i>por</i>, <i>pour</i>, for (L. <i>pro</i>) + <i>loin</i> far, far off (L. <i>longe</i>). See <u>Prolong</u>, and cf. <u>Eloign</u>.] <def>To take or carry away for one's self; hence, to steal; to take by theft; to filch.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Had from his wakeful custody <i>purloined</i><BR> The guarded gold.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>when did the muse from Fletcher scenes <i>purloin</i> ?</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pur*loin"</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To practice theft; to steal.</def> <i>Titus ii. 10.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pur*loin"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who purloins.</def> <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pur"par`ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>pourpartie</i>; <i>pour</i> for + <i>partie</i> a part; cf. OF. <i>purpart</i> a respective part.] <i>(Law)</i> <def>A share, part, or portion of an estate allotted to a coparcener.</def> [Written also <i>purpart</i>, and <i>pourparty</i>.]</p>

<p><blockquote>I am forced to eat all the game of your <i>purparties</i>, as well as my own thirds.</blockquote> <i>Walpole.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pur"ple</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Purples</b></plw> (#). [OE. <i>purpre</i>, <i>pourpre</i>, OF. <i>purpre</i>, <i>porpre</i>, <i>pourpre</i>, F. <i>pourpre</i>, L. <i>purpura</i> purple fish, purple dye, fr. Gr. &?; the purple fish, a shell from the purple dye was obtained, purple dye; cf. &?; dark (said of the sea), purple, &?; to grow dark (said of the sea), to be troubled; perh. akin to L. <i>furere</i> to rage, E. <i>fury</i>: cf. AS. <i>purpure</i>. Cf. <u>Porphyry</u>, <u>Purpure</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A color formed by, or resembling that formed by, a combination of the primary colors red and blue.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Arraying with reflected <i>purple</i> and gold<BR> The clouds that on his western throne attend.</blockquote> <i> Milton.</i></p>

<p>&fist; The ancient words which are translated <i>purple</i> are supposed to have been used for the color we call <i>crimson</i>. In the gradations of color as defined in art, <i>purple</i> is a mixture of red and blue. When red predominates it is called <i>violet</i>, and when blue predominates, <i>hyacinth</i>.</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Cloth dyed a purple color, or a garment of such color; especially, a purple robe, worn as an emblem of rank or authority; specifically, the purple rode or mantle worn by Roman emperors as the emblem of imperial dignity; as, to put on the imperial <i>purple</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Thou shalt make the tabernacle with ten curtains of fine twined linen, and <i>purple</i>, and scarlet.</blockquote> <i>Ex. xxvi. 1.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Hence: Imperial sovereignty; royal rank, dignity, or favor; loosely and colloquially, any exalted station; great wealth.</def> "He was born in the <i>purple</i>." <i>Gibbon.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>A cardinalate. See <u>Cardinal</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any species of large butterflies, usually marked with purple or blue, of the genus <i>Basilarchia</i> (formerly <i>Limenitis</i>) as, the banded <i>purple</i> (<i>B. arthemis</i>). See <i>Illust.</i> under <u>Ursula</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any shell of the genus Purpura.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <i>pl.</i><i>(Med.)</i> <def>See <u>Purpura</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>8.</b></sn> <i>pl.</i> <def>A disease of wheat. Same as <u>Earcockle</u>.</def></p>

<p>&fist; <i>Purple</i> is sometimes used in composition, esp. with participles forming words of obvious signification; as, <i>purple</i>- colored, <i>purple</i>-hued, <i>purple</i>-stained, <i>purple</i>- tinged, <i>purple</i>-tinted, and the like.</p>

<p><col><b>French purple</b></col>. <i>(Chem.)</i> <cd>Same as <u>Cudbear</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Purple of Cassius</b></col>. <cd>See <u>Cassius</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Purple of mollusca</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a coloring matter derived from certain mollusks, which dyes wool, etc., of a purple or crimson color, and is supposed to be the substance of the famous Tyrian dye. It is obtained from Ianthina, and from several species of Purpura, and Murex.</cd> — <col><b>To be born in the purple</b></col>, <cd>to be of princely birth; to be highborn.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pur"ple</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Exhibiting or possessing the color called purple, much esteemed for its richness and beauty; of a deep red, or red and blue color; as, a <i>purple</i> robe.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Imperial; regal; — so called from the color having been an emblem of imperial authority.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Hide in the dust thy <i>purple</i> pride.</blockquote> <i>Shelley.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Blood-red; bloody.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>May such <i>purple</i> tears be alway shed.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>I view a field of blood,<BR> And Tiber rolling with a <i>purple</i> blood.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Purple bird</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the European purple gallinule. See under <u>Gallinule</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Purple copper ore</b></col>. <i>(Min.)</i> <cd>See <u>Bornite</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Purple grackle</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the crow blackbird. See under <u>Crow</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Purple martin</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Martin</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Purple sandpiper</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Sandpiper</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Purple shell</b></col>. <cd>See <u>Ianthina</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pur"ple</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Purpled</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Purpling</u>.] <def>To make purple; to dye of purple or deep red color; as, hands <i>purpled</i> with blood.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>When morn<BR> <i>Purples</i> the east.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Reclining soft in blissful bowers,<BR> <i>Purpled</i> sweet with springing flowers.</blockquote> <i> Fenton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pur"ple*heart`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A strong, durable, and elastic wood of a purplish color, obtained from several tropical American leguminous trees of the genus <i>Copaifera</i> (<i>Copaifera pubiflora</i>, <i>Copaifera bracteata</i>, <b>and</b> <i>Copaifera officinalis</i>). Used for decorative veneering. See <u>Copaiba</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pur"ple*wood`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Purpleheart</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pur"plish</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Somewhat purple.</def> <i>Boyle.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pur"port</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>purport</i>; <i>pur</i>, <i>pour</i>, for (L. <i>pro</i>) + <i>porter</i> to bear, carry. See <u>Port</u> demeanor.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Design or tendency; meaning; import; tenor.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The whole scope and <i>purport</i> of that dialogue. <i>Norris</i>.<BR> With a look so piteous in <i>purport</i><BR> As if he had been loosed out of hell.</blockquote> <i> Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Disguise; covering.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>For she her sex under that strange <i>purport</i><BR> Did use to hide.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pur"port</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Purported</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Purporting</u>.] [OF. <i>purporter</i>, <i>pourporter</i>. See <u>Purport</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <def>To intend to show; to intend; to mean; to signify; to import; — often with an object clause or infinitive.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>They in most grave and solemn wise unfolded<BR> Matter which little <i>purported</i>.</blockquote> <i>Rowe.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pur"port*less</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Without purport or meaning.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pur"pose</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>purpos</i>, <i>pourpos</i>, <i>propos</i>, L. <i>propositum</i>. See <u>Propound</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>That which a person sets before himself as an object to be reached or accomplished; the end or aim to which the view is directed in any plan, measure, or exertion; view; aim; design; intention; plan.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He will his firste <i>purpos</i> modify.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>As my eternal <i>purpose</i> hath decreed.</blockquote> <i> Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The flighty <i>purpose</i> never is o'ertook<BR> Unless the deed go with it.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Proposal to another; discourse.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Instance; example.</def> [Obs.] <i>L'Estrange.</i></p>

<p><col><b>In purpose</b></col>, <col><b>Of purpose</b></col>, <col><b>On purpose</b></col>, <cd>with previous design; with the mind directed to that object; intentionally. <i>On purpose</i> is the form now generally used.</cd></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — design; end; intention; aim. See <u>Design</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Pur"pose</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Purposed</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Purposing</u>.] [OF. <i>purposer</i>, <i>proposer</i>. See <u>Propose</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To set forth; to bring forward.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To propose, as an aim, to one's self; to determine upon, as some end or object to be accomplished; to intend; to design; to resolve; — often followed by an infinitive or dependent clause.</def> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Did nothing <i>purpose</i> against the state.</blockquote> <i> Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>I <i>purpose</i> to write the history of England from the accession of King James the Second down to a time which is within the memory of men still living.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pur"pose</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To have a purpose or intention; to discourse.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pur"posed*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a purposed manner; according to purpose or design; purposely.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A poem composed <i>purposedly</i> of the Trojan war. <i>Holland</i>.</blockquote></p>

<p><hw>Pur"pose*ful</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Important; material.</def> "Purposeful accounts." <i>Tylor.</i> — <wf>Pur"pose*ful*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Pur"pose*less</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having no purpose or result; objectless.</def> <i>Bp. Hall.</i> — <wf>Pur"pose*less*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Pur"pose*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>With purpose or design; intentionally; with predetermination; designedly.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>In composing this discourse, I <i>purposely</i> declined all offensive and displeasing truths.</blockquote> <i>Atterbury.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>So much they scorn the crowd, that if the throng<BR> By chance go right, they <i>purposely go</i> wrong.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pur"pos*er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who brings forward or proposes anything; a proposer.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>One who forms a purpose; one who intends.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pur"po*sive</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having or indicating purpose or design.</def> "<i>Purposive</i> characters." <i>Bastian.</i></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Purposive</i> modification of structure in a bone.</blockquote> <i>Owen.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>It is impossible that the frog should perform actions more<i>purposive</i> than these.</blockquote> <i>Huxley.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pur"pre</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. & a.</i></pos> <def>Purple.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pur*pres"ture</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Probably corrupted (see <u>Prest</u>) fr. OF. <i>pourprisure</i>, fr. <i>pourprendre</i>: cf. LL. <i>purprestura</i>. Cf. <u>Purprise</u>.] <i>(Law)</i> <def>Wrongful encroachment upon another's property; esp., any encroachment upon, or inclosure of, that which should be common or public, as highways, rivers, harbors, forts, etc.</def> [Written also <i>pourpresture</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Pur"prise</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>pourpris</i>,fr. <i>pourprendre</i> to take away entirely; <i>pour</i> for + <i>prendre</i> to take.] <def>A close or inclosure; the compass of a manor.</def> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Pur"pu*ra</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., purple, purple fish: cf. F. <i>purpura</i>. See <u>Purple</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>A disease characterized by livid spots on the skin from extravasated blood, with loss of muscular strength, pain in the limbs, and mental dejection; the purples.</def> <i>Dunglison.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A genus of marine gastropods, usually having a rough and thick shell. Some species yield a purple dye.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pur"pu*rate</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to purpura.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pur"pu*rate</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A salt of purpuric acid.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pur"pure</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>purpura</i> purple. See <u>Purple</u>.] <i>(Her.)</i> <def>Purple, — represented in engraving by diagonal lines declining from the right top to the left base of the escutcheon (or from sinister chief to dexter base).</def></p>

<p><hw>Pur*pu"re*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of a purple color; purple.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pur*pu"re*o-</hw> (?). <def>A combining form signifying <i>of a purple</i> or <i>purple-red color</i>. Specif. <i>(Chem.)</i>, used in designating certain brilliant <i>purple-red</i> compounds of cobaltic chloride and ammonia, similar to the roseocobaltic compounds. See <u>Cobaltic</u>. </def></p>

<p><! p. 1166 !></p>

<p><hw>Pur*pu"ric</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>purpurique</i>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to purpura.</def> <i>Dunglison.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Pertaining to or designating, a nitrogenous acid contained in uric acid. It is not known in the pure state, but forms well-known purple-red compounds (as murexide), whence its name.</def></p>

<p>&fist; <i>Purpuric acid</i> was formerly used to designate murexan. See <u>Murexan</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Pur"pu*rin</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A dyestuff resembling alizarin, found in madder root, and extracted as an orange or red crystalline substance.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pur`pu*rip"a*rous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>purpura</i> purple + <i>parere</i> to produce.] <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>Producing, or connected with, a purple-colored secretion; as, the <i>purpuriparous</i> gland of certain gastropods.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pur`pu*rog"e*nous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>purpura</i> purple + <i>-genous</i>.] <i>(Biol.)</i> <def>Having the power to produce a purple color; as, the <i>purpurogenous</i> membrane, or choroidal epithelium, of the eye. See <i>Visual purple</i>, under <u>Visual</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Purr</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i. & t.</i></pos> <def>To murmur as a cat. See <u>Pur</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Purr</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The low murmuring sound made by a cat; pur. See <u>Pur</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Purre</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The dunlin.</def> [Prov. Eng.]</p>

<p><hw>Pur"ree</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Hind. <i>peori</i> yellow.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A yellow coloring matter. See <u>Euxanthin</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pur"rock</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Puddock</u>, and <u>Parrock</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Purse</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>purs</i>, <i>pors</i>, OF. <i>burse</i>, <i>borse</i>, <i>bourse</i>, F. <i>bourse</i>, LL. bursa, fr. Gr. &?; hide, skin, leather. Cf. <u>Bourse</u>, <u>Bursch</u>, <u>Bursar</u>, <u>Buskin</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A small bag or pouch, the opening of which is made to draw together closely, used to carry money in; by extension, any receptacle for money carried on the person; a wallet; a pocketbook; a portemonnaie.</def> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><blockquote> Who steals my <i>purse</i> steals trash.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Hence, a treasury; finances; as, the public <i>purse</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A sum of money offered as a prize, or collected as a present; as, to win the <i>purse</i>; to make up a <i>purse</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>A specific sum of money</def>; as: <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>In Turkey, the sum of 500 piasters.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>In Persia, the sum of 50 tomans.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Light purse</b></col>, or <col><b>Empty purse</b></col>, <cd>poverty or want of resources.</cd> — <col><b>Long purse</b></col>, or <col><b>Heavy purse</b></col>, <cd>wealth; riches.</cd> — <col><b>Purse crab</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>any land crab of the genus <i>Birgus</i>, allied to the hermit crabs. They sometimes weigh twenty pounds or more, and are very strong, being able to crack cocoanuts with the large claw. They chiefly inhabit the tropical islands of the Pacific and Indian Oceans, living in holes and feeding upon fruit. Called also <i>palm crab</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Purse net</b></col>, <cd>a fishing net, the mouth of which may be closed or drawn together like a purse.</cd> <i>Mortimer.</i> — <col><b>Purse pride</b></col>, <cd>pride of money; insolence proceeding from the possession of wealth.</cd> <i>Bp. Hall.</i> — <col><b>Purse rat</b></col>. <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <cd>See <i>Pocket gopher</i>, under <u>Pocket</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Sword and purse</b></col>, <cd>the military power and financial resources of a nation.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Purse</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Pursed</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Pursing</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To put into a purse.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I will go and <i>purse</i> the ducats straight.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To draw up or contract into folds or wrinkles, like the mouth of a purse; to pucker; to knit.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Thou . . . didst contract and <i>purse</i> thy brow.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Purse</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To steal purses; to rob.</def> [Obs. & R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>I'll <i>purse</i>: . . . I'll bet at bowling alleys.</blockquote> <i>Beau. & Fl.</i></p>

<p><hw>Purse"ful</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Pursefuls</b></plw> (&?;). <def>All that is, or can be, contained in a purse; enough to fill a purse.</def></p>

<p><hw>Purse"-proud`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Affected with purse pride; puffed up with the possession of riches.</def></p>

<p><hw>Purs"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Purse</u>, and cf. <u>Bursar</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>A commissioned officer in the navy who had charge of the provisions, clothing, and public moneys on shipboard; — now called <i>paymaster</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A clerk on steam passenger vessels whose duty it is to keep the accounts of the vessels, such as the receipt of freight, tickets, etc.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Colloquially, any paymaster or cashier.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Purser's name</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>a false name.</cd> [Slang]</p>

<p><hw>Purs"er*ship</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The office of purser.</def> <i>Totten.</i></p>

<p><hw>Purs"et</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A purse or purse net.</def> <i>B. Jonson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pur"si*ness</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>State of being pursy.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pur"sive</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pursy.</def> [Obs.] <i>Holland.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pur"sive*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Pursiness.</def> [Obs. & R.]</p>

<p><hw>Purs"lain</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Purslane</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Purs"lane</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>porcelaine</i>, <i>pourcelaine</i> (cf. It. <i>porcellana</i>), corrupted fr. L. <i>porcilaca</i> for <i>portulaca</i>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>An annual plant (<i>Portulaca oleracea</i>), with fleshy, succulent, obovate leaves, sometimes used as a pot herb and for salads, garnishing, and pickling.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Flowering purslane</b></col>, or <col><b>Great flowered purslane</b></col>, <cd>the <i>Portulaca grandiflora</i>. See <u>Portulaca</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Purslane tree</b></col>, <cd>a South African shrub (<i>Portulacaria Afra</i>) with many small opposite fleshy obovate leaves.</cd> — <col><b>Sea purslane</b></col>, <cd>a seashore plant (<i>Arenaria peploides</i>) with crowded opposite fleshy leaves.</cd> — <col><b>Water purslane</b></col>, <cd>an aquatic plant (<i>Ludwiqia palustris</i>) but slightly resembling purslane.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pur*su"a*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Capable of being, or fit to be, pursued, followed, or prosecuted.</def> <i>Sherwood.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pur*su"al</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The act of pursuit.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Pur*su"ance</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Pursuant</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of pursuing or prosecuting; a following out or after.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Sermons are not like curious inquiries after new nothings, but <i>pursuances</i> of old truths.</blockquote> <i>Jer. Taylor.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The state of being pursuant; consequence.</def></p>

<p><col><b>In pursuance of</b></col>, <cd>in accordance with; in prosecution or fulfillment of.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pur*su"ant</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [From <u>Pursue</u>: cf. OE. <i>poursuiant</i>. Cf. <u>Pursuivant</u>.] <def>Acting in consequence or in prosecution (of anything); hence, agreeable; conformable; following; according; — with <i>to</i> or <i>of</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The conclusion which I draw from these premises, <i>pursuant</i> to the query laid down, is, etc.</blockquote> <i>Waterland.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pur*su"ant</hw>, <hw>Pur*su"ant*ly</hw>, } <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>Agreeably; conformably.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pur*sue"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Pursued</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Pursuing</u>.] [OE. <i>pursuen</i>, <i>porsuen</i>, OF. <i>porsivre</i>, <i>poursuivre</i>, <i>poursuir</i>, F. <i>poursuivre</i>, fr. L. <i>prosequi</i>; <i>pro</i> forward + <i>sequi</i> to follow. See <u>Sue</u>, and cf. <u>Prosecute</u>, <u>Pursuivant</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To follow with a view to overtake; to follow eagerly, or with haste; to chase; as, to <i>pursue</i> a hare.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>We happiness <i>pursue</i>; we fly from pain.</blockquote> <i>Prior.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The happiness of men lies in <i>purswing</i>,<BR> Not in possessing.</blockquote> <i>Longfellow.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To seek; to use or adopt measures to obtain; as, to <i>pursue</i> a remedy at law.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The fame of ancient matrons you <i>pursue</i>.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To proceed along, with a view to some and or object; to follow; to go in; as, Captain Cook <i>pursued</i> a new route; the administration <i>pursued</i> a wise course.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To prosecute; to be engaged in; to continue.</def> " Insatiate to <i>pursue</i> vain war." <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>To follow as an example; to imitate.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>To follow with enmity; to persecute; to call to account.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The servant is not greater than his lord. If they have <i>pursued</i> me, they shall <i>pursue</i> you also.</blockquote> <i>Wyclif (John xv. 20).</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — To follow; chase; seek; persist. See <u>Follow</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Pur*sue"</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To go in pursuit; to follow.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The wicked flee when no man <i>pursueth</i>.</blockquote> <i>Prov. xxviii. 1.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Men hotly <i>pursued</i> after the objects of their ambition.</blockquote> <i>Earle.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To go on; to proceed, especially in argument or discourse; to continue.</def></p>

<p>[A Gallicism]</p>

<p><blockquote>I have, <i>pursues</i> Carneades, wondered chemists should not consider.</blockquote> <i>Boyle.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Law)</i> <def>To follow a matter judicially, as a complaining party; to act as a prosecutor.</def> <i>Burrill.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pur*su"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who pursues or chases; one who follows in haste, with a view to overtake.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Eccl. & Scots Law)</i> <def>A plaintiff; a prosecutor.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pur*suit"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>poursuite</i>, fr. <i>poursuivre</i>. See <u>Pursue</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of following or going after; esp., a following with haste, either for sport or in hostility; chase; prosecution; as, the <i>pursuit</i> of game; the <i>pursuit</i> of an enemy.</def> <i>Clarendon.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Weak we are, and can not shun <i>pursuit</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A following with a view to reach, accomplish, or obtain; endeavor to attain to or gain; as, the <i>pursuit</i> of knowledge; the <i>pursuit</i> of happiness or pleasure.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Course of business or occupation; continued employment with a view to same end; as, mercantile <i>pursuits</i>; a literary <i>pursuit</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Law)</i> <def>Prosecution.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>That <i>pursuit</i> for tithes ought, and of ancient time did pertain to the spiritual court.</blockquote> <i>Fuller.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Curve of pursuit</b></col> <i>(Geom.)</i>, <cd>a curve described by a point which is at each instant moving towards a second point, which is itself moving according to some specified law.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pur"sui*vant</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>poursuivant</i>, fr. <i>poursuivre</i>. See <u>Pursue</u>, and cf. <u>Pursuant</u>.] [Written also <i>poursuivant</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Heralds' College)</i> <def>A functionary of lower rank than a herald, but discharging similar duties; — called also <i>pursuivant at arms</i>; an attendant of the heralds. Also used figuratively.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The herald Hope, forerunning Fear,<BR> And Fear, the <i>pursuivant</i> of Hope.</blockquote> <i>Longfellow.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The king's messenger; a state messenger.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>One <i>pursuivant</i> who attempted to execute a warrant there was murdered.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pur"sui*vant</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To pursue.</def> [Obs. & R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Their navy was <i>pursuivanted</i> after with a horrible tempest.</blockquote> <i>Fuller.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pur"sy</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [OF. <i>pourcif</i>, <i>poulsif</i>, <i>poussif</i>, fr. <i>pousser</i> to push, thrust, heave, OF. also <i>poulser</i>: cf. F. <i>pousse</i> the heaves, asthma. See <u>Push</u>.] <def>Fat and short-breathed; fat, short, and thick; swelled with pampering; as, <i>pursy</i> insolence.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Pursy</i> important he sat him down.</blockquote> <i>Sir W. Scot.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pur"te*nance</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Abbrev. fr. <i>appurtenance</i>.] <def>That which pertains or belongs to something; esp., the heard, liver, and lungs of an animal.</def> [Obs.] " The <i>purtenaunces</i> of purgatory." <i>Piers Plowman.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Roast [it] with fire, his head with his legs, and with the <i>purtenance</i> [<i>Rev. Ver.</i>, inwards] thereof.</blockquote> <i>Ex. xii. 9.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pu"ru*lence</hw> (?), <hw>Pu"ru*len*cy</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>purulentia</i>: cf. F. <i>purulence</i>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>The quality or state of being purulent; the generation of pus; also, the pus itself.</def> <i>Arbuthnot.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pu"ru*lent</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>purulentus</i>, fr. <i>pus</i>, <i>puris</i>, pus, matter: cf. F. <i>purulent</i>. See <u>Pus</u>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Consisting of pus, or matter; partaking of the nature of pus; attended with suppuration; as, <i>purulent</i> inflammation.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pu"ru*lent*ly</hw>, <pos><i>v.</i></pos> <def>In a purulent manner.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pur"ve*ance</hw> (?), <hw>Pur"vei*aunce`</hw> (?) }, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Purveyance.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pur*vey"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Purveyed</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Purveying</u>.] [OE. <i>purveien</i>, <i>porveien</i>, OF. <i>porveeir</i>, <i>porveoir</i>, F. <i>pourvoir</i>, fr. L. <i>providere</i>. See <u>Provide</u>, and cf. <u>Purview</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To furnish or provide, as with a convenience, provisions, or the like.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Give no odds to your foes, but do <i>purvey</i><BR> Yourself of sword before that bloody day.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To procure; to get.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I mean to <i>purvey</i> me a wife after the fashion of the children of Benjamin.</blockquote> <i>Sir W. Scot.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pur*vey"</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To purchase provisions; to provide; to make provision.</def> <i>Chaucer. Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To pander; — with <i>to</i>.</def> " Their turpitude <i>purveys</i> to their malice." [R.] <i>Burke.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pur*vey"ance</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>pourvoyance</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act or process of providing or procuring; providence; foresight; preparation; management.</def> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The ill <i>purveyance</i> of his page.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>That which is provided; provisions; food.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Eng. Law)</i> <def>A providing necessaries for the sovereign by buying them at an appraised value in preference to all others, and oven without the owner's consent. This was formerly a royal prerogative, but has long been abolished.</def> <i>Wharton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pur*vey"or</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>porveour</i>, OF. <i>pourveor</i>, F. <i>pourvoyeur</i>. See <u>Purvey</u>, and cf. <u>Proveditor</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who provides victuals, or whose business is to make provision for the table; a victualer; a caterer.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>An officer who formerly provided, or exacted provision, for the king's household.</def> [Eng.]</p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>a procurer; a pimp; a bawd.</def> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pur"view</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>purveu</i>, <i>pourveu</i>, F. <i>pourvu</i>, provided, p. p. of OF. <i>porveoir</i>, F. <i>pourvoir</i>. See <u>Purvey</u>, <u>View</u>, and cf. <u>Proviso</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <i>(Law)</i> <def>The body of a statute, or that part which begins with " <i>Be it enacted</i>, " as distinguished from the <i>preamble</i>.</def> <i>Cowell.</i> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> Hence: <def>The limit or scope of a statute; the whole extent of its intention or provisions.</def> <i>Marshall.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Profanations within the <i>purview</i> of several statutes.</blockquote> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Limit or sphere of authority; scope; extent.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>In determining the extent of information required in the exercise of a particular authority, recourse must be had to the objects within the <i>purview</i> of that authority.</blockquote> <i>Madison.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pus</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., akin to Gr. &?;, &?;, and to E. <i>foul</i>: cf. F. <i>pus</i>. See <u>Foul</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>The yellowish white opaque creamy matter produced by the process of suppuration. It consists of innumerable white nucleated cells floating in a clear liquid.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pu"sane</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Anc. Armor)</i> <def>A piece of armor for the breast; often, an addition to, or re&euml;nforcement of. the breastplate; — called also <i>pesane</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pu"sey*ism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Ch. of Eng.)</i> <def>The principles of Dr. <i>Pusey</i> and others at Oxford, England, as exhibited in various publications, esp. in a series which appeared from 1833 to 1841, designated " Tracts for the Times;" tractarianism. See <u>Tractarianism</u>.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pu"sey*is"tic</hw> (?), <hw>Pu"sey*ite</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to Puseyism.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pu"sey*ite</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who holds the principles of Puseyism; — often used opprobriously.</def></p>

<p><hw>Push</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Probably F. <i>poche</i>. See <u>Pouch</u>.] <def>A pustule; a pimple.</def> [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><hw>Push</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Pushed</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Pushing</u>.] [OE. <i>possen</i>, <i>pussen</i>, F. <i>pousser</i>, fr. L. <i>pulsare</i>, v. intens. fr. <i>pellere</i>, <i>pulsum</i>, to beat, knock, push. See <u>Pulse</u> a beating, and cf. <u>Pursy</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To press against with force; to drive or impel by pressure; to endeavor to drive by steady pressure, without striking; — opposed to <i>draw</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Sidelong had <i>pushed</i> a mountain from his seat.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To thrust the points of the horns against; to gore.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>If the ox shall <i>push</i> a manservant or maidservant, . . . the ox shall be stoned.</blockquote> <i>Ex. xxi. 32.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To press or urge forward; to drive; to <i>push</i> an objection too far.</def> " To <i>push</i> his fortune." <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Ambition <i>pushes</i> the soul to such actions as are apt to procure honor to the actor.</blockquote> <i>Spectator.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>We are <i>pushed</i> for an answer.</blockquote> <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To bear hard upon; to perplex; to embarrass.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>To importune; to press with solicitation; to tease.</def></p>

<p><col><b>To push down</b></col>, <cd>to overthrow by pushing or impulse.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Push</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To make a thrust; to shove; as, to <i>push</i> with the horns or with a sword.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To make an advance, attack, or effort; to be energetic; as, a man must <i>push</i> in order to succeed.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>At the time of the end shall the kind of the south <i>push</i> at him and the king of the north shall come against him.</blockquote> <i>Dan. xi. 40.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>War seemed asleep for nine long years; at length<BR> Both sides resolved to <i>push</i>, we tried our strength.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To burst pot, as a bud or shoot.</def></p>

<p><col><b>To push on</b></col>, <cd>to drive or urge forward; to hasten.</cd></p>

<p><blockquote>The rider <i>pushed</i> on at a rapid pace.</blockquote> <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><hw>Push</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A thrust with a pointed instrument, or with the end of a thing.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Any thrust. pressure, impulse, or force, or force applied; a shove; as, to give the ball the first <i>push</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>An assault or attack; an effort; an attempt; hence, the time or occasion for action.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Exact reformation is not perfected at the first <i>push</i>.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>When it comes to the <i>push</i>, 'tis no more than talk.</blockquote> <i>L' Estrange.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>The faculty of overcoming obstacles; aggressive energy; as, he has <i>push</i>, or he has no <i>push</i>.</def></p>

<p>[Colloq.]</p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — See <u>Thrust</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Push"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who, or that which, pushes.</def></p>

<p><hw>Push"ing</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pressing forward in business; enterprising; driving; energetic; also, forward; officious, intrusive.</def> — <wf>Push"ing*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Push"pin`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A child's game played with pins.</def> <i>L. Estrange.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pu"sil</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>pusillus</i> very little.] <def>Very small; little; petty.</def> [Obs.] <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pu`sil*la*nim"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>pusillanimitas</i>: cf. F. <i>pusillanimit&eacute;</i>.] <def>The quality of being pusillanimous; weakness of spirit; cowardliness.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The badge of <i>pusillanimity</i> and cowardice.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>It is obvious to distinguished between an act of . . . <i>pusillanimity</i> and an act of great modesty or humility.</blockquote> <i>South.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Cowardliness; cowardice; fear; timidity.</p>

<p><hw>Pu`sil*lan"i*mous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>pusillanimis</i>; <i>pusillus</i> very little (dim. of <i>pusus</i> a little boy; cf. <i>puer</i> a boy, E. <i>puerile</i>) + <i>animus</i> the mind: cf. F. <i>pusillanime</i>. See <u>Animosity</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Destitute of a manly or courageous strength and firmness of mind; of weak spirit; mean- spirited; spiritless; cowardly; — said of persons, as, a <i>pusillanimous</i> prince.</def></p>

<p><! p. 1167 !></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Evincing, or characterized by, weakness of mind, and want of courage; feeble; as, <i>pusillanimous</i> counsels.</def> "A low and <i>pusillanimous</i> spirit." <i>Burke.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Cowardly; dastardly; mean-spirited; fainthearted; timid; weak; feeble.</p>

<p><hw>Pu`sil*lan"i*mous*ly</hw> (p&umacr;`s&ibreve;l*l&abreve;n"&ibreve;*m&ubreve;s*l&ybreve;), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>With pusillanimity.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pus"ley</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Purslane.</def> [Colloq. U. S]</p>

<p><hw>Puss</hw> (p&usdot;s), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. D. <i>poes</i>, Ir. & Gael. <i>pus</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A cat; - - a fondling appellation.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A hare; — so called by sportsmen.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Puss in the corner</b></col>, <cd>a game in which all the players but one occupy corners of a room, or certain goals in the open air, and exchange places, the one without a corner endeavoring to get a corner while it is vacant, leaving some other without one.</cd> — <col><b>Puss moth</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>any one of several species of stout bombycid moths belonging to <i>Cerura</i>, <i>Harpyia</i>, and allied genera, esp. <i>Harpyia vinuli</i>, of Europe. The larv&aelig; are humpbacked, and have two caudal appendages.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pussy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Dim. of <i>puss</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A pet name for a cat; also, an endearing name for a girl.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A catkin of the pussy willow.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>The game of tipcat; — also called <i>pussy cat</i>.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Pussy willow</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>any kind of willow having large cylindrical catkins clothed with long glossy hairs, especially the American <i>Salix discolor</i>; — called also <i>glaucous willow</i>, and <i>swamp willow</i>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pus"sy</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Pursy</u>.</def> [Colloq. or Low]</p>

<p><hw>Pus"tu*lant</hw> (?; 135), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>pustulans</i>, p. pr. See <u>Pustulate</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Producing pustules.</def> — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A medicine that produces pustules, as croton oil.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pus"tu*lar</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Of or pertaining to pustules; as, <i>pustular</i> prominences; <i>pustular</i> eruptions.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Covered with pustulelike prominences; pustulate.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pus"tu*late</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [L. <i>pustulatus</i>, p. p. of <i>pustulare</i> to blister, fr. <i>pustula</i>. See <u>Pustule</u>.] <def>To form into pustules, or blisters.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pus"tu*late</hw> (?), <hw>Pus"tu*la`ted</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Covered with pustulelike prominences; pustular; pustulous; as, a <i>pustulate</i> leaf; a <i>pustulate</i> shell or coral.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pus*tu*la"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>pustulatio</i>.] <def>The act of producing pustules; the state of being pustulated.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pus"tule</hw> (?; 135), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>pustula</i>, and <i>pusula</i>: cf. F. <i>pustule</i>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>A vesicle or an elevation of the cuticle with an inflamed base, containing pus.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Malignant pustule</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Malignant</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pus"tu*lous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>pustulosus</i>, fr. <i>pustula</i> a pustule: cf. F. <i>pustuleux</i>.] <def>Resembling, or covered with, pustules; pustulate; pustular.</def></p>

<p><hw>Put</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Pit</u>.] <def>A pit.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Put</hw>, obs. <def><pos><i>3d pers. sing. pres.</i></pos> of <u>Put</u>, contracted from <i>putteth</i>.</def> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Put</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. W. <i>pwt</i> any short thing, <i>pwt o ddyn</i> a squab of a person, <i>pwtog</i> a short, thick woman.] <def>A rustic; a clown; an awkward or uncouth person.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Queer country <i>puts</i> extol Queen Bess's reign.</blockquote> <i>Bramston.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>What droll <i>puts</i> the citizens seem in it all.</blockquote> <i>F. Harrison.</i></p>

<p><hw>Put</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Put</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Putting</u>.] [AS. <i>potian</i> to thrust: cf. Dan. <i>putte</i> to put, to put into, Fries. <i>putje</i>; perh. akin to W. <i>pwtio</i> to butt, poke, thrust; cf. also Gael. <i>put</i> to push, thrust, and E. <i>potter</i>, v. i.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To move in any direction; to impel; to thrust; to push; — nearly obsolete, except with adverbs, as with <i>by</i> (<i>to put by</i> = to thrust aside; to divert); or with <i>forth</i> (<i>to put forth</i> = to thrust out).</def></p>

<p><blockquote>His chief designs are . . . to <i>put</i> thee by from thy spiritual employment.</blockquote> <i>Jer. Taylor.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To bring to a position or place; to place; to lay; to set; figuratively, to cause to be or exist in a specified relation, condition, or the like; to bring to a stated mental or moral condition; as, to <i>put</i> one in fear; to <i>put</i> a theory in practice; to <i>put</i> an enemy to fight.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>This present dignity,<BR> In which that I have <i>put</i> you.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>I will <i>put</i> enmity between thee and the woman.</blockquote> <i>Gen. iii. 15.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>He <i>put</i> no trust in his servants.</blockquote> <i>Job iv. 18.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>When God into the hands of their deliverer<BR> <i>Puts</i> invincible might.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>In the mean time other measures were <i>put</i> in operation.</blockquote> <i>Sparks.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To attach or attribute; to assign; as, to <i>put</i> a wrong construction on an act or expression.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To lay down; to give up; to surrender.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>No man hath more love than this, that a man <i>put</i> his life for his friends.</blockquote> <i>Wyclif (John xv. 13).</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>To set before one for judgment, acceptance, or rejection; to bring to the attention; to offer; to state; to express; figuratively, to assume; to suppose; — formerly sometimes followed by <i>that</i> introducing a proposition; as, to <i>put</i> a question; to <i>put</i> a case.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Let us now <i>put</i> that ye have leave.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Put</i> the perception and you <i>put</i> the mind.</blockquote> <i>Berkeley.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>These verses, originally Greek, were <i>put</i> in Latin.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>All this is ingeniously and ably <i>put</i>.</blockquote> <i>Hare.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>To incite; to entice; to urge; to constrain; to oblige.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>These wretches <i>put</i> us upon all mischief.</blockquote> <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Put</i> me not use the carnal weapon in my own defense.</blockquote> <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Thank him who <i>puts</i> me, loath, to this revenge.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <def>To throw or cast with a pushing motion "overhand," the hand being raised from the shoulder; a practice in athletics; as, to <i>put</i> the shot or weight.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>8.</b></sn> <i>(Mining)</i> <def>To convey coal in the mine, as from the working to the tramway.</def> <i>Raymond.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Put case</b></col>, <cd>formerly, an elliptical expression for, <i>put</i> or suppose the case to be.</cd></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Put case</i> that the soul after departure from the body may live.</blockquote> <i>Bp. Hall.</i></p>

<p> — <col><b>To put about</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>to turn, or change the course of, as a ship.</cd> — <col><b>To put away</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>To renounce; to discard; to expel.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>To divorce</cd>. — <col><b>To put back</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>To push or thrust backwards; hence, to hinder; to delay.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>To refuse; to deny</cd>.</p>

<p><blockquote>Coming from thee, I could not <i>put</i> him <i>back</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <cd>To set, as the hands of a clock, to an earlier hour.</cd> <sd><i>(d)</i></sd> <cd>To restore to the original place; to replace</cd>. — <col><b>To put by</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>To turn, set, or thrust, aside.</cd> "Smiling <i>put</i> the <i>question by</i>." <i>Tennyson.</i> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>To lay aside; to keep; to sore up; as, <i>to put by</i> money.</cd> — <col><b>To put down</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>To lay down; to deposit; to set down.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>To lower; to diminish; as, <i>to put down</i> prices</cd>. <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <cd>To deprive of position or power; to put a stop to; to suppress; to abolish; to confute; as, <i>to put down</i> rebellion or traitors</cd>.</p>

<p><blockquote>Mark, how a plain tale shall <i>put</i> you <i>down</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Sugar hath <i>put down</i> the use of honey.</blockquote> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><sd><i>(d)</i></sd> <cd>To subscribe; as, <i>to put down</i> one's name.</cd> — <col><b>To put forth</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>To thrust out; to extend, as the hand; to cause to come or push out; as, a tree <i>puts forth</i> leaves.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>To make manifest; to develop; also, to bring into action; to exert; as, <i>to put forth</i> strength</cd>. <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <cd>To propose, as a question, a riddle, and the like</cd>. <sd><i>(d)</i></sd> <cd>To publish, as a book</cd>. — <col><b>To put forward</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>To advance to a position of prominence or responsibility; to promote.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>To cause to make progress; to aid</cd>. <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <cd>To set, as the hands of a clock, to a later hour</cd>. — <col><b>To put in</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>To introduce among others; to insert; sometimes, to introduce with difficulty; as, <i>to put in</i> a word while others are discoursing.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <i>(Naut.)</i> <cd>To conduct into a harbor, as a ship</cd>. <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <i>(Law)</i> <cd>To place in due form before a court; to place among the records of a court</cd>. <i>Burrill.</i> <sd><i>(d)</i></sd> <i>(Med.)</i> <cd>To restore, as a dislocated part, to its place.</cd> — <col><b>To put off</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>To lay aside; to discard; as, <i>to put off</i> a robe; <i>to put off</i> mortality.</cd> "<i>Put off</i> thy shoes from off thy feet." <i>Ex. iii. 5.</i> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>To turn aside; to elude; to disappoint; to frustrate; to baffle.</cd></p>

<p><blockquote>I hoped for a demonstration, but Themistius hoped <i>to put</i> me <i>off</i> with an harangue.</blockquote> <i>Boyle.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>We might <i>put</i> him <i>off</i> with this answer.</blockquote> <i>Bentley.</i></p>

<p><sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <cd>To delay; to defer; to postpone; as, <i>to put off</i> repentance.</cd> <sd><i>(d)</i></sd> <cd>To get rid of; to dispose of; especially, to pass fraudulently; as, <i>to put off</i> a counterfeit note, or an ingenious theory</cd>. <sd><i>(e)</i></sd> <cd>To push from land; as, <i>to put off</i> a boat</cd>. — <col><b>To put on</b></col> or <col><b>upon</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>To invest one's self with, as clothes; to assume.</cd> "Mercury . . . <i>put on</i> the shape of a man." <i>L'Estrange.</i> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>To impute (something) to; to charge upon; as, <i>to put</i> blame <i>on</i> or <i>upon</i> another.</cd> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <cd>To advance; to promote</cd>. [Obs.] "This came handsomely <i>to put on</i> the peace." <i>Bacon.</i> <sd><i>(d)</i></sd> <cd>To impose; to inflict.</cd> "That which thou <i>puttest on</i> me, will I bear." <i>2 Kings xviii. 14.</i> <sd><i>(e)</i></sd> <cd>To apply; as, <i>to put on</i> workmen; <i>to put on</i> steam.</cd> <sd><i>(f)</i></sd> <cd>To deceive; to trick.</cd> "The stork found he was <i>put upon</i>." <i>L'Estrange.</i> <sd><i>(g)</i></sd> <cd>To place upon, as a means or condition; as, he <i>put</i> him <i>upon</i> bread and water.</cd> "This caution will <i>put</i> them <i>upon</i> considering." <i>Locke.</i> <sd><i>(h)</i></sd> <i>(Law)</i> <cd>To rest upon; to submit to; as, a defendant <i>puts</i> himself <i>on</i> or <i>upon</i> the country.</cd> <i>Burrill.</i> — <col><b>To put out</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>To eject; as, <i>to put out</i> and intruder.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>To put forth; to shoot, as a bud, or sprout</cd>. <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <cd>To extinguish; as, <i>to put out</i> a candle, light, or fire</cd>. <sd><i>(d)</i></sd> <cd>To place at interest; to loan; as, <i>to put out</i> funds</cd>. <sd><i>(e)</i></sd> <cd>To provoke, as by insult; to displease; to vex; as, he was <i>put out</i> by my reply</cd>. [Colloq.] <sd><i>(f)</i></sd> <cd>To protrude; to stretch forth; as, <i>to put out</i> the hand.</cd> <sd><i>(g)</i></sd> <cd>To publish; to make public; as, <i>to put out</i> a pamphlet</cd>. <sd><i>(h)</i></sd> <cd>To confuse; to disconcert; to interrupt; as, <i>to put</i> one <i>out</i> in reading or speaking</cd>. <sd><i>(i)</i></sd> <i>(Law)</i> <cd>To open; as, <i>to put out</i> lights, that is, to open or cut windows</cd>. <i>Burrill.</i> <sd><i>(j)</i></sd> <i>(Med.)</i> <cd>To place out of joint; to dislocate; as, <i>to put out</i> the ankle.</cd> <sd><i>(k)</i></sd> <cd>To cause to cease playing, or to prevent from playing longer in a certain inning, as in base ball</cd>. — <col><b>To put over</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>To place (some one) in authority over; as, <i>to put</i> a general <i>over</i> a division of an army.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>To refer</cd>.</p>

<p><blockquote>For the certain knowledge of that truth<BR> I <i>put</i> you <i>o'er</i> to heaven and to my mother.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <cd>To defer; to postpone; as, the court <i>put over</i> the cause to the next term.</cd> <sd><i>(d)</i></sd> <cd>To transfer (a person or thing) across; as, <i>to put</i> one <i>over</i> the river</cd>. — <col><b>To put the hand</b></col> <col><b>to or unto</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>To take hold of, as of an instrument of labor; as, <i>to put the hand to</i> the plow; hence, to engage in (any task or affair); as, <i>to put</i> one's <i>hand to</i> the work.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>To take or seize, as in theft.</cd> "He hath not <i>put his hand unto</i> his neighbor's goods." <i>Ex. xxii. 11.</i> — <col><b>To put through</b></col>, <cd>to cause to go through all conditions or stages of a progress; hence, to push to completion; to accomplish; as, he <i>put through</i> a measure of legislation; he <i>put through</i> a railroad enterprise.</cd> [U.S.] — <col><b>To put to</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>To add; to unite; as, <i>to put</i> one sum <i>to</i> another.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>To refer to; to expose; as, <i>to put</i> the safety of the state <i>to</i> hazard</cd>. "That dares not <i>put</i> it <i>to</i> the touch." <i>Montrose.</i> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <cd>To attach (something) to; to harness beasts to.</cd> <i>Dickens.</i> — <col><b>To put to a stand</b></col>, <cd>to stop; to arrest by obstacles or difficulties.</cd> — <col><b>To put to bed</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>To undress and place in bed, as a child.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>To deliver in, or to make ready for, childbirth</cd>. — <col><b>To put to death</b></col>, <cd>to kill.</cd> — <col><b>To put together</b></col>, <cd>to attach; to aggregate; to unite in one.</cd> — <col><b>To put this and that</b></col> (<i>or</i> <col><b>two and two</b></col>) <col><b>together</b></col>, <cd>to draw an inference; to form a correct conclusion.</cd> — <col><b>To put to it</b></col>, <cd>to distress; to press hard; to perplex; to give difficulty to.</cd> "O gentle lady, do not <i>put</i> me <i>to 't</i>." <i>Shak.</i> — <col><b>To put to rights</b></col>, <cd>to arrange in proper order; to settle or compose rightly.</cd> — <col><b>To put to the sword</b></col>, <cd>to kill with the sword; to slay.</cd> — <col><b>To put to trial</b></col>, <i>or</i> <col><b>on trial</b></col>, <cd>to bring to a test; to try.</cd> — <col><b>To put trust in</b></col>, <cd>to confide in; to repose confidence in.</cd> — <col><b>To put up</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>To pass unavenged; to overlook; not to punish or resent; to put up with; as, <i>to put up</i> indignities.</cd> [Obs.] "Such national injuries are not <i>to be put up</i>." <i>Addison.</i> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>To send forth or upward; as, <i>to put up</i> goods for sale.</cd> <sd><i>(d)</i></sd> <cd>To start from a cover, as game</cd>. "She has been frightened; she has been <i>put up</i>." <i>C. Kingsley.</i> <sd><i>(e)</i></sd> <cd>To hoard.</cd> "Himself never <i>put up</i> any of the rent." <i>Spelman.</i> <sd><i>(f)</i></sd> <cd>To lay side or preserve; to pack away; to store; to pickle; as, to <i>put up</i> pork, beef, or fish.</cd> <sd><i>(g)</i></sd> <cd>To place out of sight, or away; to put in its proper place; as, <i>put up</i> that letter.</cd> <i>Shak.</i> <sd><i>(h)</i></sd> <cd>To incite; to instigate; — followed by <i>to</i>; as, he <i>put</i> the lad <i>up</i> to mischief.</cd> <sd><i>(i)</i></sd> <cd>To raise; to erect; to build; as, <i>to put up</i> a tent, or a house</cd>. <sd><i>(j)</i></sd> <cd>To lodge; to entertain; as, <i>to put up</i> travelers</cd>. — <col><b>To put up a job</b></col>, <cd>to arrange a plot.</cd> [Slang]</p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — To place; set; lay; cause; produce; propose; state. — <u>Put</u>, <u>Lay</u>, <u>Place</u>, <u>Set</u>. These words agree in the idea of fixing the position of some object, and are often used interchangeably. <i>To put</i> is the least definite, denoting merely to move to a place. <i>To place</i> has more particular reference to the precise location, as to put with care in a certain or proper place. <i>To set</i> or <i>to lay</i> may be used when there is special reference to the position of the object.</p>

<p><hw>Put</hw> (put; <i>often</i> p&ubreve;t <i>in def.</i> 3), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To go or move; as, when the air first <i>puts</i> up.</def> [Obs.] <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To steer; to direct one's course; to go.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>His fury thus appeased, he <i>puts</i> to land.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To play a card or a hand in the game called <i>put</i>.</def></p>

<p><col><b>To put about</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>to change direction; to tack.</cd> — <col><b>To put back</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>to turn back; to return.</cd> "The French . . . had <i>put back</i> to Toulon." <i>Southey.</i> — <col><b>To put forth</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>To shoot, bud, or germinate</cd>. "Take earth from under walls where nettles <i>put forth</i>." <i>Bacon.</i> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>To leave a port or haven, as a ship.</cd> <i>Shak.</i> — <col><b>To put in</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>to enter a harbor; to sail into port.</cd> — <col><b>To put in for</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>To make a request or claim; as, <i>to put in for</i> a share of profits</cd>. <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>To go into covert; — said of a bird escaping from a hawk</cd>. <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <cd>To offer one's self; to stand as a candidate for.</cd> <i>Locke.</i> — <col><b>To put off</b></col>, <cd>to go away; to depart; esp., to leave land, as a ship; to move from the shore.</cd> — <col><b>To put on</b></col>, <cd>to hasten motion; to drive vehemently.</cd> — <col><b>To put over</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>to sail over or across.</cd> — <col><b>To put to sea</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>to set sail; to begin a voyage; to advance into the ocean.</cd> — <col><b>To put up</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>To take lodgings; to lodge</cd>. <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>To offer one's self as a candidate</cd>. <i>L'Estrange.</i> — <col><b>To put up to</b></col>, <cd>to advance to.</cd> [Obs.] "With this he <i>put up to</i> my lord." <i>Swift.</i> — <col><b>To put up with</b></col>. <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>To overlook, or suffer without recompense, punishment, or resentment; as, <i>to put up with</i> an injury or affront</cd>. <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>To take without opposition or expressed dissatisfaction; to endure; as, <i>to put up with</i> bad fare.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Put</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of putting; an action; a movement; a thrust; a push; as, the <i>put</i> of a ball.</def> "A forced <i>put</i>." <i>L'Estrange.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A certain game at cards.</def> <i>Young.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A privilege which one party buys of another to "put" (deliver) to him a certain amount of stock, grain, etc., at a certain price and date.</def> [Brokers' Cant]</p>

<p><blockquote>A <i>put</i> and a call may be combined in one instrument, the holder of which may either buy or sell as he chooses at the fixed price.</blockquote> <i>Johnson's Cyc.</i></p>

<p><hw>Put</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>pute</i>.] <def>A prostitute.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Pu"tage</hw> (?; 48), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>putage</i>.] <def>Prostitution or fornication on the part of a woman.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pu*ta"men</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The shell of a nut; the stone of a drupe fruit. See <u>Endocarp</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pu"tan*ism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>putanisme</i>, fr. <i>putain</i> harlot.] <def>Habitual lewdness or prostitution of a woman; harlotry.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pu"ta*tive</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>putativus</i>, fr. <i>putare</i>, <i>putatum</i>, to reckon, suppose, adjust, prune, cleanse. See <u>Pure</u>, and cf. <u>Amputate</u>, <u>Compute</u>, <u>Dispute</u>, <u>Impute</u>.] <def>Commonly thought or deemed; supposed; reputed; as, the <i>putative</i> father of a child.</def> "His other <i>putative</i> (I dare not say feigned) friends." <i>E. Hall.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Thus things indifferent, being esteemed useful or pious, became customary, and then came for reverence into a <i>putative</i> and usurped authority.</blockquote> <i>Jer. Taylor.</i></p>

<p><hw>Put*chuck"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Pachak</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pu"te*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., fr. <i>puteus</i> well.] <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>An inclosure surrounding a well to prevent persons from falling into it; a well curb.</def> <i>Weale.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Put"e*li</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Patela</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pu"ter*y</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>puterie</i>.] <def>Putage.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Pu"tid</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>putidus</i>: cf. F. <i>putide</i>. Cf. <u>Putrid</u>.] <def>Rotten; fetid; stinking; base; worthless. <i>Jer</i>. <i>Taylor</i>.</def> "Thy <i>putid</i> muse." <i>Dr. H. More.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pu*tid"i*ty</hw> (?), <hw>Pu"tid*ness</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality or state of being putrid.</def></p>

<p><hw>Put"log`</hw> (?; 277), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>One of the short pieces of timber on which the planks forming the floor of a scaffold are laid, — one end resting on the ledger of the scaffold, and the other in a hole left in the wall temporarily for the purpose.</def> <i>Oxf. Gloss.</i></p>

<p><hw>Put"-off`</hw> (?; 115), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A shift for evasion or delay; an evasion; an excuse.</def> <i>L'Estrange.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pu"tour</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Put</u> a prostitute.] <def>A keeper of a brothel; a procurer.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pu*tred"i*nous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>putredo</i> rottenness, fr. <i>putrere</i> to be rotten. See <u>Putrid</u>.] <def>Proceeding from putrefaction, or partaking of the putrefactive process; having an offensive smell; stinking; rotten.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pu`tre*fac"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>putrefactio</i>: cf. F. <i>putr&eacute;faction</i>. See <u>Putrefy</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act or the process of putrefying; the offensive decay of albuminous or other matter.</def></p>

<p>&fist; Putrefaction is a complex phenomenon involving a multiplicity of chemical reactions, always accompanied by, and without doubt caused by, bacteria and vibriones; hence, putrefaction is a form of fermentation, and is sometimes called <i>putrefaction fermentative</i>. Putrefaction is not possible under conditions that preclude the development of living organisms. Many of the products of putrefaction are powerful poisons, and are called <i>cadaveric poisons</i>, or <i>ptoma&iuml;nes</i>.</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The condition of being putrefied; also, that which putrefied.</def> "<i>Putrefaction's</i> breath." <i>Shelley.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pu`tre*fac"tive</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. <i>putr&eacute;factif</i>. See <u>Putrefy</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Of or pertaining to putrefaction; as, the <i>putrefactive</i> smell or process.</def> <i>Wiseman.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Causing, or tending to promote, putrefaction.</def></p>

<p>— <wf>Pu``tre*fac"tive*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Pu"tre*fy</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [Written also <i>putrify</i>.] [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Putrefied</u> (&?;); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Putrefying</u> (&?;).] [F. <i>putr&eacute;fier</i>; L. <i>putrere</i> to be rotten + <i>- ficare</i> (in. comp.) to make; cf. L. <i>putrefacere</i>. See <u>Putrid</u>, and <u>-fy</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To render putrid; to cause to decay offensively; to cause to be decomposed; to cause to rot.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To corrupt; to make foul.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Private suits do <i>putrefy</i> the public good.</blockquote> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>They would but stink, and <i>putrefy</i> the air.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To make morbid, carious, or gangrenous; as, to <i>putrefy</i> an ulcer or wound.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pu"tre*fy</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To become putrid; to decay offensively; to rot.</def> <i>Isa. 1. 6.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pu*tres"cence</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The state of being putrescent; putrescent matter.</def></p>

<p><! p. 1168 !></p>

<p><hw>Pu*tres"cent</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>putrescens</i>, p. pr.of <i>putrescere</i> to grow rotten, v. incho. fr. <i>putrere</i> to be rotten. See <u>Putrid</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Becoming putrid or rotten.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Externally powerful, although <i>putrescent</i> at the core.</blockquote> <i>Motley.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Of or pertaining to the process of putrefaction; as, a <i>putrescent</i> smell.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pu*tres"ci*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Capable of putrefaction; liable to become putrid; as, <i>putrescible</i> substances.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pu*tres"ci*ble</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A substance, usually nitrogenous, which is liable to undergo decomposition when in contact with air and moisture at ordinary temperatures.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pu*tres"cin</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Physiol. Chem.)</i> <def>A nontoxic diamine, C<sub>4</sub>H<sub>12</sub>N<sub>2</sub>, formed in the putrefaction of the flesh of mammals and some other animals.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pu"trid</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>putridus</i>, <i>fr</i>. <i>putrere</i> to be rotten, fr. <i>puter</i>, or <i>putris</i>, rotten, <i>fr</i>. <i>putere</i> to stink, to be rotten: cf. F. <i>putride</i>. See <u>Pus</u>, <u>Foul</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Tending to decomposition or decay; decomposed; rotten; — said of animal or vegetable matter; as, <i>putrid</i> flesh. See <u>Putrefaction</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Indicating or proceeding from a decayed state of animal or vegetable matter; as, a <i>putrid</i> smell.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Putrid fever</b></col> <i>(Med.)</i>, <cd>typhus fever; — so called from the decomposing and offensive state of the discharges and diseased textures of the body.</cd> — <col><b>Putrid sore throat</b></col> <i>(Med.)</i>, <cd>a gangrenous inflammation of the fauces and pharynx.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pu*trid"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>putridit&eacute;</i>.] <def>The quality of being putrid; putrefaction; rottenness.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pu"trid*ness</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Putridity.</def> <i>Floyer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pu"tri*fac`ted</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See <u>Putrefy</u>.] <def>Putrefied.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>What vermin bred of <i>putrifacted</i> slime.</blockquote> <i>Marston.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pu`tri*fi*ca"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Putrefaction.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pu"tri*fy</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t. & i.</i></pos> <def>To putrefy.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pu"tri*lage</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>putrilage</i>, L. <i>putrilago</i> putrefaction.] <def>That which is undergoing putrefaction; the products of putrefaction.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pu"try</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Putrid.</def> [Obs.] <i>Marston.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pu"try</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Putage.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Put"ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who puts or plates.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Specifically, one who pushes the small wagons in a coal mine, and the like.</def> [Prov. Eng.]</p>

<p><hw>Put"ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Puttered</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Puttering</u>.] [See <u>Potter</u>.] <def>To act inefficiently or idly; to trifle; to potter.</def></p>

<p><hw>Put"ter-on`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>An instigator.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Put"ti*er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who putties; a glazier.</def></p>

<p><hw>Put"ting</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The throwing of a heavy stone, shot, etc., with the hand raised or extended from the shoulder; — originally, a Scottish game.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Putting stone</b></col>, <cd>a heavy stone used in the game of putting.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Put"tock</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. <u>Pout</u> a young bird, <u>Poult</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The European kite.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The buzzard.</def> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <def>The marsh harrier.</def> [Prov. Eng.]</p>

<p><hw>Put"tock</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>See <u>Futtock</u>.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Put"ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>pot&eacute;e</i>, fr. <i>pot</i> pot; what was formerly called <i>putty</i> being a substance resembling what is now called <i>putty powder</i>, and in part made of the metal of old pots. See <u>Pot</u>.] <def>A kind of thick paste or cement compounded of whiting, or soft carbonate of lime, and linseed oil, when applied beaten or kneaded to the consistence of dough, — used in fastening glass in sashes, stopping crevices, and for similar purposes.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Putty powder</b></col>, <cd>an oxide of tin, or of tin and lead in various proportions, much used in polishing glass, metal, precious stones, etc.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Put"ty</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Puttied</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Puttying</u>.] <def>To cement, or stop, with putty.</def></p>

<p><hw>Put"ty-faced`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>White-faced; — used contemptuously.</def> <i>Clarke.</i></p>

<p><hw>Put"ty*root`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>An American orchidaceous plant (<i>Aplectrum hyemale</i>) which flowers in early summer. Its slender naked rootstock produces each year a solid corm, filled with exceedingly glutinous matter, which sends up later a single large oval evergreen plaited leaf. Called also <i>Adam-and-Eve</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Put"-up</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Arranged; plotted; — in a bad sense; as, a <i>put-up</i> job.</def> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><hw>Pu"y</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Poy</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Puz"zel</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>pucelle</i> a virgin.] <def>A harlot; a drab; a hussy.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Puz"zle</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [For <i>opposal</i>, in the sense of problem. See <u>Oppose</u>, <u>Pose</u>, <pos><i>v.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Something which perplexes or embarrasses; especially, a toy or a problem contrived for testing ingenuity; also, something exhibiting marvelous skill in making.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The state of being puzzled; perplexity; as, to be in a <i>puzzle</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Puz"zle</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Puzzled</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Puzzling</u> (?).] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To perplex; to confuse; to embarrass; to put to a stand; to nonplus.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A very shrewd disputant in those points is dexterous in <i>puzzling</i> others.</blockquote> <i>Dr. H. More.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>He is perpetually <i>puzzled</i> and perplexed amidst his own blunders.</blockquote> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To make intricate; to entangle.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>They disentangle from the <i>puzzled</i> skein.</blockquote> <i>Cowper.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The ways of Heaven are dark and intricate,<BR> <i>Puzzled</i> in mazes, and perplexed with error.</blockquote> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To solve by ingenuity, as a puzzle; — followed by <i>out</i>; as, to <i>puzzle</i> out a mystery.</def></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — To embarrass; perplex; confuse; bewilder; confound. See <u>Embarrass</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Puz"zle</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To be bewildered, or perplexed.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>A <i>puzzling</i> fool, that heeds nothing.</blockquote> <i>L'Estrange.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To work, as at a puzzle; as, to <i>puzzle</i> over a problem.</def></p>

<p><hw>Puz"zle*dom</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The domain of puzzles; puzzles, collectively.</def> <i>C. Kingsley.</i></p>

<p><hw>Puz"zle-head`ed</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having the head full of confused notions.</def> <i>Johnson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Puz"zle*ment</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The state of being puzzled; perplexity.</def> <i>Miss Mitford.</i></p>

<p><hw>Puz"zler</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who, or that which, puzzles or perplexes.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Hebrew, the general <i>puzzler</i> of old heads.</blockquote> <i>Brome.</i></p>

<p><hw>Puz"zling*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a puzzling manner.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Puz"zo*lan</hw> (?), <hw>Puz`zo*la"na</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Pozzuolana</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Py*&aelig;"mi*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?; pus + &?; blood.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>A form of blood poisoning produced by the absorption into the blood of morbid matters usually originating in a wound or local inflammation. It is characterized by the development of multiple abscesses throughout the body, and is attended with irregularly recurring chills, fever, profuse sweating, and exhaustion.</def></p>

<p><hw>Py*&aelig;"mic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to py&aelig;mia; of the nature of py&aelig;mia.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pyc`nas*pid"e*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; thick, crowded + &?;, &?;, a shield.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Having the posterior side of the tarsus covered with small irregular scales; — said of certain birds.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pyc*nid"i*um</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Pycnidia</b></plw> (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; crowded.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>In certain fungi, a flask-shaped cavity from the surface of the inner walls of which spores are produced.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pyc"nite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; thick.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>A massive subcolumnar variety of topaz.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pyc"no*dont</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; thick, crowded + &?;, &?;, a tooth.] <i>(Paleon.)</i> <def>Any fossil fish belonging to the Pycnodontini. They have numerous round, flat teeth, adapted for crushing.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pyc`no*don"ti*ni</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>An extinct order of ganoid fishes. They had a compressed body, covered with dermal ribs (<i>pleurolepida</i>) and with enameled rhomboidal scales.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pyc*nog"o*nid</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of the Pycnogonida.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pyc`no*gon"i*da</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?; thick crowded + &?; knee.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A class of marine arthropods in which the body is small and thin, and the eight legs usually very long; — called also <i>Pantopoda</i>.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The abdomen is rudimentary, and the triangular mouth is at the end of a tubular proboscis. Many of them live at great depths in the sea, and the largest of them measure two feet across the extended legs.</p>

<p><hw>Pyc*nom"e*ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; dense, compact + <i>-meter</i>.] <i>(Physics)</i> <def>A specific gravity bottle; a standard flask for measuring and comparing the densities of liquids.</def> [Also written <i>pyknometer</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Pyc"no*style</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; with the pillars close together; &?; close + &?; a column, pillar: cf. F. <i>pycnostyle</i>.] <i>(Anc. Arch.)</i> <def>See under <u>Intercolumniation</u>.</def> -<pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A pycnostyle colonnade.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pye</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See 2d <u>Pie</u> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pye"bald`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Piebald</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Py`e*li"tis</hw> (?). <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. basin + <i>- itis</i>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Inflammation of the pelvis of the kidney.</def></p>

<p><hw>Py*e"mi*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>See <u>Py&AElig;mia</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Py"et</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A magpie; a piet.</def> [Prov. Eng.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Here cometh the worthy prelate as pert as a <i>pyet</i>.</blockquote> <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><hw>Py"gal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; the rump.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Situated in the region of the rump, or posterior end of the backbone; — applied especially to the posterior median plates in the carapace of chelonians.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Py"garg</hw> (?), <hw>||Py*gar"gus</hw> (?), }[L. <i>pygargus</i>, Gr. &?;, literally, white rump; &?; the rump + white: cf. F. <i>pygargue</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A quadruped, probably the addax, an antelope having a white rump.</def> <i>Deut. xiv. 5.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The female of the hen harrier.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The sea eagle.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Py*gid"i*um</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Pygidia</b></plw> (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, dim. of &?; the rump.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The caudal plate of trilobites, crustacean, and certain insects. See <i>Illust.</i> of <u>Limulus</u> and <u>Trilobite</u>.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pyg"my</hw> (?), <hw>Pyg*me"an</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>pygmaeus</i>. See <u>Pygmy</u>.] <def>Of or pertaining to a pygmy; resembling a pygmy or dwarf; dwarfish; very small.</def> " Like that <i>Pygmean</i> race." <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Pygmy antelope</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the kleeneboc.</cd> — <col><b>Pygmy goose</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>any species of very small geese of the genus <i>Nettapus</i>, native of Africa, India, and Australia.</cd> — <col><b>Pygmy owl</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the gnome.</cd> — <col><b>Pygmy parrot</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>any one of several species of very small green parrots (<i>Nasitern&aelig;</i>), native of New Guinea and adjacent islands. They are not larger than sparrows.</cd> </p>

<p><hw>Pyg"my</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Pygmies</b></plw> (#). [L. <i>pygmaeus</i>, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; the fist, a measure of length, the distance from the elbow to the knuckles, about 131 inches. Cf. <u>Pugnacious</u>, <u>Fist</u>.] [Written also <i>pigmy</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Class. Myth.)</i> <def>One of a fabulous race of dwarfs who waged war with the cranes, and were destroyed.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Hence, a short, insignificant person; a dwarf.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Pygmies</i> are <i>pygmies</i> still, though perched on Alps.<BR> And pyramids are pyramids in vales.</blockquote> <i>Young.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Py`go*bran"chi*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. <grk>pugh`</grk> the rump + &?; a gill.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A division of opisthobranchiate mollusks having the branchi&aelig; in a wreath or group around the anal opening, as in the genus Doris.</def></p>

<p><hw>Py"go*pod</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>pygh`</grk> rump + <i>-pod</i>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of the Pygopodes.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any species of serpentiform lizards of the family <i>Pygopodid&aelig;</i>, which have rudimentary hind legs near the anal cleft, but lack fore legs.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Py*gop"o*des</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A division of swimming birds which includes the grebes, divers, auks, etc., in which the legs are placed far back.</def></p>

<p><hw>Py*gop"o*dous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to the Pygopodes.</def></p>

<p><hw>Py"go*style</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>pygh`</grk> the rump + &?; a pillar.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>The plate of bone which forms the posterior end of the vertebral column in most birds; the plowshare bone; the vomer. It is formed by the union of a number of the last caudal vertebr&aelig;, and supports the uropigium.</def></p>

<p><hw>Py"in</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; pus.] <i>(Physiol. (Chem.)</i> <def>An albuminoid constituent of pus, related to mucin, possibly a mixture of substances rather than a single body.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Py*ja"ma</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Hind. <i>p&amacr;e- j&amacr;ma</i>, literally, leg clothing.] <def>In India and Persia, thin loose trowsers or drawers; in Europe and America, drawers worn at night, or a kind of nightdress with legs.</def> [Written also <i>paijama</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Pyk"ar</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>An ancient English fishing boat.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Py"la</hw> <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> L. <plw><b>Pyl&aelig;</b></plw> (#), E. <plw><b>Pylas</b></plw> (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; an entrance.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>The passage between the iter and optoc&oelig;le in the brain.</def> <i>B. G. Wilder.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pyl"a*gore</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;; &?; Pyl&aelig;, or Thermopyl&aelig;, where the Amphictyonic council met + &?; to assemble: cf. F. <i>pylagore</i>.] <i>(Gr. Antiq.)</i> <def>a deputy of a State at the Amphictyonic council.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Py*lan"gi*um</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Pylangia</b></plw> (&?;). [NL., from Gr. &?; an entrance + &?; a vessel.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>The first and undivided part of the aortic trunk in the amphibian heart.</def> — <wf>Py*lan"gi*al</wf> (#), <pos><i>a.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>||Py"lon</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a gateway.] <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A low tower, having a truncated pyramidal form, and flanking an ancient Egyptian gateway.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Massive <i>pylons</i> adorned with obelisks in front.</blockquote> <i>J. W. Draper.</i></p>

<p><sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>An Egyptian gateway to a large building (with or without flanking towers).</def></p>

<p><hw>Py*lor"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>pylorique</i>.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Of, pertaining to, or in the region of, the pylorus; as, the <i>pyloric</i> end of the stomach.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Py*lo"rus</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Pylori</b></plw> (#). [L., fr. Gr. &?; pylorus, gate keeper; &?; a gate + &?; watcher, guardian.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The opening from the stomach into the intestine.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A posterior division of the stomach in some invertebrates.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pyne</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. & v.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Pine</u>.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Py*noun"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A pennant.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Py`o*cy"a*nin</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; pus + &?; dark blue.] <i>(Physiol. (Chem.)</i> <def>A blue coloring matter found in the pus from old sores, supposed to be formed through the agency of a species of bacterium (<i>Bacillus pyocyaneus</i>).</def></p>

<p><hw>Py`o*gen"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; pus + root of &?; to be born.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Producing or generating pus.</def></p>

<p><hw>Py"oid</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; pus + -<i>- oid</i>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to pus; of the nature of, or like, pus.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Pyoid corpuscles</b></col> <i>(Med.)</i>, <cd>cells of a size larger than pus corpuscles, containing two or more of the latter.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Py`op*neu`mo*tho"rax</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; pus + E. <i>pneumothorax</i>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Accumulation of air, or other gas, and of pus, in the pleural cavity.</def></p>

<p><hw>Py"ot</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The magpie. See <u>Piet</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Py`o*xan"those</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; pus + &?; yellow.] <i>(Physiol. (Chem.)</i> <def>A greenish yellow crystalline coloring matter found with pyocyanin in pus.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pyr"a*canth</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; fire + &?; a thorn, prickly plant.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The evergreen thorn (<i>Crat&aelig;gus Pyracantha</i>), a shrub native of Europe.</def></p>

<p><hw>Py"ral</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to a pyre.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Pyr"a*lid</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>pyralis</i>, <i>-idis</i>, a kind of winged insect.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any moth of the family <i>Pyralid&aelig;</i>. The species are numerous and mostly small, but some of them are very injurious, as the bee moth, meal moth, hop moth, and clover moth.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pyr"a*mid</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>pyramis</i>, <i>-idis</i>, fr. Gr. &?;, &?;, of Egyptian origin: cf. F. <i>pyramide</i>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A solid body standing on a triangular, square, or polygonal base, and terminating in a point at the top; especially, a structure or edifice of this shape.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Geom.)</i> <def>A solid figure contained by a plane rectilineal figure as base and several triangles which have a common vertex and whose bases are sides of the base.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>pl.</i> <i>(Billiards)</i> <def>The game of pool in which the balls are placed in the form of a triangle at spot.</def> [Eng.]</p>

<p><col><b>Altitude of a pyramid</b></col> <i>(Geom.)</i>, <cd>the perpendicular distance from the vertex to the plane of the base.</cd> — <col><b>Axis of a pyramid</b></col> <i>(Geom.)</i>, <cd>a straight line drawn from the vertex to the center of the base.</cd> — <col><b>Earth pyramid</b></col>. <i>(Geol.)</i> <cd>See <i>Earth pillars</i>, under <u>Earth</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Right pyramid</b></col> <i>(Geom.)</i> <cd>a pyramid whose axis is perpendicular to the base.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Py*ram`i*dal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>pyramidal</i>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Of or pertaining to a pyramid; in the form of a a pyramid; pyramidical; as, <i>pyramidal</i> cleavage.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The mystic obelisks stand up<BR> Triangular, <i>pyramidal</i>.</blockquote> <i>Mrs. Browning.</i></p>

<p><! p. 1169 !></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Crystallog.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Tetragonal</u>.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Pyramidal numbers</b></col> <i>(Math.)</i>, <cd>certain series of figurate numbers expressing the number of balls or points that may be arranged in the form of pyramids. Thus 1, 4, 10, 20, 35, etc., are <i>triangular pyramidal numbers</i>; and 1, 5, 14, 30, 55, etc., are <i>square pyramidal numbers</i>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Py*ram"i*dal</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>One of the carpal bones. See <u>Cuneiform</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, 2 <sd><i>(b)</i></sd>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Py*ram"i*dal*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>Like a pyramid.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pyr`a*mid"ic</hw> (?), <hw>Pyr`a*mid"ic*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to a pyramid; having the form of a pyramid; pyramidal.</def> " A <i>pyramidical</i> rock." <i>Goldsmith.</i> "Gold in <i>pyramidic</i> plenty piled." <i>Shenstone.</i> — <wf>Pyr`a*mid"ic*al*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <wf>Pyr`a*mild"ic*al*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>||Pyr`a*mid"i*on</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Pyramidia</b></plw> (#). [NL., from L. <i>pyramis</i>. See <u>Pyramid</u>.] <def>The small pyramid which crowns or completes an obelisk.</def></p>

<p><hw>Py*ram"i*doid</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;, &?;, pyramid + <i>-id</i>: cf. F. <i>pyramido&iuml;de</i>.] <def>A solid resembling a pyramid; — called also <i>pyramoid</i>.</def> <i>Barlow.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Pyr"a*mis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Pyramides</b></plw> (#). [L.] <def>A pyramid.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pyr"a*moid</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Pyramidoid</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Py*rar"gy*rite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; fire + &?; silver.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>Ruby silver; dark red silver ore. It is a sulphide of antimony and silver, occurring in rhombohedral crystals or massive, and is of a dark red or black color with a metallic adamantine luster.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pyre</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>pure</i>, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; fire. See <u>Fire</u>.] <def>A funeral pile; a combustible heap on which the dead are burned; hence, any pile to be burnt.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>For nine long nights, through all the dusky air,<BR> The <i>pyres</i> thick flaming shot a dismal glare.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Py*re"na</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Pyren&aelig;</b></plw> (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, the stone of fruit.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A nutlet resembling a seed, or the kernel of a drupe.</def> <i>Gray.</i></p>

<p><hw>Py"rene</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; fire.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>One of the less volatile hydrocarbons of coal tar, obtained as a white crystalline substance, C<sub>16</sub>H<sub>10</sub>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Py"rene</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Pyrena</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pyr`e*ne"an</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>Pyrenaei</i> (sc. <i>monte</i>s) the Pyrenees, fr. <i>Pyrene</i>, Gr.&?; a daughter of Bebryx, beloved by Hercules, and buried upon these mountains.] <def>Of or pertaining to the Pyrenees, a range of mountains separating France and Spain.</def> — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The Pyrenees.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Py*re"noid</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; like a kernel. See <u>Pyrena</u>, and <u>-oid</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A transparent body found in the chromatophores of certain Infusoria.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pyr"eth*rin</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL. <i>Pyrethrum</i>, generic name of feverfew, Gr. &?; feverfew.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A substance resembling, and isomeric with, ordinary camphor, and extracted from the essential oil of feverfew; — called also <i>Pyrethrum camphor</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pyr"eth*rine</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>An alkaloid extracted from the root of the pellitory of Spain (<i>Anacyclus pyrethrum</i>).</def></p>

<p><hw>Py*ret"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; burning heat, fever, from &?; fire: cf. F. <i>pyr&eacute;tique</i>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to fever; febrile.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pyr`e*tol"o*gy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; fever + <i>-logy</i>: cf. F. <i>pyr&eacute;tologie</i>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>A discourse or treatise on fevers; the doctrine of fevers.</def> <i>Hooper.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Py*rex"i*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Pyrexi&aelig;</b></plw> (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; to be feverish, akin to &?; fever.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>The febrile condition.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Py*rex"i*al</hw> (?), <hw>Py*rex"ic*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to fever; feverish.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pyr"gom</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; a place furnished with towers, fr. &?; a tower.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>A variety of pyroxene; — called also <i>fassaite</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pyr*he`li*om"e*ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; fire + &?; sun + <i>-meter</i>.] <i>(Physics)</i> <def>An instrument for measuring the direct heating effect of the sun's rays.</def></p>

<p><hw>Py*rid"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Physiol. Chem.)</i> <def>Related to, or formed from, pyridin or its homologues; as, the <i>pyridic</i> bases.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pyr"i*dine</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From Gr. &?; fire.] <i>(Physiol. Chem.)</i> <def>A nitrogenous base, C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>5</sub>N, obtained from the distillation of bone oil or coal tar, and by the decomposition of certain alkaloids, as a colorless liquid with a peculiar pungent odor. It is the nucleus of a large number of organic substances, among which several vegetable alkaloids, as nicotine and certain of the ptoma&iuml;nes, may be mentioned. See <u>Lutidine</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pyr"i*dyl</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Pyrid</i>ine + <i>-yl</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A hypothetical radical, C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>4</sub>N, regarded as the essential residue of pyridine, and analogous to phenyl.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pyr"i*form</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>pyrum</i>, <i>pirum</i>, a pear + <i>-form</i>: cf. F. <i>pyriforme</i>, <i>piriforme</i>.] <def>Having the form of a pear; pear- shaped.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pyr`i*ta"ceous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Min.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to pyrites. See <u>Pyritic</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pyr"ite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Pyrites</b></plw> (#). [Cf. F. <i>pyrite</i>. See <u>Pyrites</u>.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>A common mineral of a pale brass- yellow color and brilliant metallic luster, crystallizing in the isometric system; iron pyrites; iron disulphide.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Hence sable coal his massy couch extends,<BR> And stars of gold the sparkling <i>pyrite</i> blends.</blockquote> <i>E. Darwin.</i></p>

<p><hw>Py*ri"tes</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; fire. See <u>Pyre</u>.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>A name given to a number of metallic minerals, sulphides of iron, copper, cobalt, nickel, and tin, of a white or yellowish color.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The term was originally applied to the mineral pyrite, or iron pyrites, in allusion to its giving sparks when struck with steel.</p>

<p><col><b>Arsenical pyrites</b></col>, <cd>arsenopyrite.</cd> — <col><b>Auriferous pyrites</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Auriferous</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Capillary pyrites</b></col>, <cd>millerite.</cd> — <col><b>Common pyrites</b></col>, <cd>isometric iron disulphide; pyrite.</cd> — <col><b>Hair pyrites</b></col>, <cd>millerite.</cd> — <col><b>Iron pyrites</b></col>. <cd>See <u>Pyrite</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Magnetic pyrites</b></col>, <cd>pyrrhotite.</cd> — <col><b>Tin pyrites</b></col>, <cd>stannite.</cd> — <col><b>White iron pyrites</b></col>, <cd>orthorhombic iron disulphide; marcasite. This includes cockscomb pyrites (a variety of marcasite, named in allusion to its form), spear pyrites, etc.</cd> — <col><b>Yellow</b></col>, or <col><b>Copper</b></col>, <col><b>pyrites</b></col>, <cd>the sulphide of copper and iron; chalcopyrite.</cd></p>

<p>{ <hw>Py*rit"ic</hw> (?), <hw>Py*rit"ic*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Min.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to pyrites; consisting of, or resembling, pyrites.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pyr`i*tif"er*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Pyrites</i> + <i>-ferous</i>.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>Containing or producing pyrites.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pyr"i*tize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>pyritiser</i>.] <def>To convert into pyrites.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pyr`i*to*he"dral</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See <u>Pyritohedron</u>.] <i>(Crystallog.)</i> <def>Like pyrites in hemihedral form.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pyr`i*to*he"dron</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Pyrite</i> + Gr. &?; base.] <i>(Crystallog.)</i> <def>The pentagonal dodecahedron, a common form of pyrite.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pyr"i*toid</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Pyrite</i> + <i>- oid</i>.] <i>(Crystallog.)</i> <def>Pyritohedron.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Pyr`i*tol"o*gy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; of fire + <i>-logy</i>.] <def>The science of blowpipe analysis.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pyr"i*tous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pyritic.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pyro-</hw>, <hw>Pyr-</hw> }. [Gr. &?;, &?;, fire.] <def>Combining forms designating <i>fire</i> or <i>heat</i>; specifically <i>(Chem.)</i>, used to imply an actual or theoretical <i>derivative by the action of heat</i>; as in <i>pyro</i>phosphoric, <i>pyro</i>sulphuric, <i>pyro</i>tartaric, <i>pyro</i>tungstic, etc.</def></p>

<p><hw>Py"ro</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Photog.)</i> <def>Abbreviation of <i>pyrogallic acid</i>.</def> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><hw>Pyr`o*a*ce"tic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Pyro-</i> + <i>acetic</i>: cf. F. <i>pyroac&eacute;tique</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Pertaining to, and designating, a substance (acetone) obtained by the distillation of the acetates. It is now called also <i>pyroacetic ether</i>, and formerly was called <i>pyroacetic spirit</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pyr`o*ac"id</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Pyro-</i> + <i>acid</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>An acid obtained by sybjecting another acid to the action of heat. Cf. <u>Pyro-</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pyr`o*an`ti*mo"nate</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A salt of pyroantimonic acid.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pyr`o*an`ti*mon"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Pyro-</i> + <i>antimonic</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, an acid of antimony analogous to pyrophosphoric acid.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pyr`o*ar"se*nate</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A salt of pyroarsenic acid.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pyr`o*ar*sen"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Pyro-</i> + <i>arsenic</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Pertaining to or designating, an acid of arsenic analogous to pyrophosphoric acid.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pyr`o*bo"rate</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A salt of pyroboric acid.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pyr`o*bo"ric</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Pyro-</i> + <i>boric</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Pertaining to derived from, or designating, an acid, H<sub>2</sub>B<sub>4</sub>O<sub>7</sub> (called also <i>tetraboric</i> acid), which is the acid ingredient of ordinary borax, and is obtained by heating boric acid.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pyr`o*cat"e*chin</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Pyro-</i> + <i>catechu</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A white crystalline substance, C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>(OH)<sub>2</sub>, of the phenol series, found in various plants; — so called because first obtained by distillation of gum <i>catechu</i>. Called also <i>catechol</i>, <i>oxyphenol</i>. etc.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pyr"o*chlore</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Pyro-</i> + Gr. &?; pale green.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>A niobate of calcium, cerium, and other bases, occurring usually in octahedrons of a yellowish or brownish color and resinous luster; — so called from its becoming grass-green on being subjected to heat under the blowpipe.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pyr`o*cit"ric</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Pyro-</i> + <i>citric</i>: cf. F. <i>pyrocitrique</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, any one of three acids obtained by the distillation of citric acid, and called respectively <i>citraconic</i>, <i>itaconic</i>, and <i>mesaconic</i> <i>acid.</i></def></p>

<p><hw>Pyr"o*coll</hw> (p&ibreve;r"&osl;*k&obreve;l), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Puro-</i> + Gr. <grk>ko`lla</grk> glue.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A yellow crystalline substance allied to pyrrol, obtained by the distillation of gelatin.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pyr`o*e*lec"tric</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Pyro-</i> + <i>electric</i>.] <i>(Physics)</i> <def>Pertaining to, or dependent on, pyroelectricity; receiving electric polarity when heated.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pyr`o*e*lec"tric</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Physics)</i> <def>A substance which becomes electrically polar when heated, exhibiting opposite charges of statical electricity at two separate parts, especially the two extremities.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pyr`o*e`lec*tric"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Physics)</i> <def>Electricity developed by means of heat; the science which treats of electricity thus developed.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pyr`o*gal"late</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A salt of pyrogallic acid; an ether of pyrogallol.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pyr`o*gal"lic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Pyro-</i> + <i>gallic</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Pertaining to, derived from, or designating, an acid called <i>pyrogallol</i>. See <u>Pyrogallol</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pyr`o*gal"lol</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Pyrogallic</i> + <i>-ol</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A phenol metameric with phloroglucin, obtained by the distillation of gallic acid as a poisonous white crystalline substance having acid properties, and hence called also <i>pyrogallic acid</i>. It is a strong reducer, and is used as a developer in photography and in the production of certain dyes.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pyr"o*gen</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Pyrogenous</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Electricity.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Physiol. Chem.)</i> <def>A poison separable from decomposed meat infusions, and supposed to be formed from albuminous matter through the agency of bacteria.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pyr`o*gen"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Pyro-</i> + <i>-gen</i> + <i>-ic</i>.] <i>(Physiol.)</i> <def>Producing heat; — said of substances, as septic poisons, which elevate the temperature of the body and cause fever.</def></p>

<p><hw>Py*rog"e*nous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; fire + <i>genous</i>: cf. F. <i>purog&egrave;ne</i>, Gr. &?;.] <def>Produced by fire; igneous.</def> <i>Mantell. .</i></p>

<p><hw>Pyr`og*nos"tic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Pyro-</i> + Gr. &?; to know.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to characters developed by the use of heat; pertaining to the characters of minerals when examined before the blowpipe; as, the <i>pyrognostic</i> characters of galena.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pyr`og*nos"tics</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> <i>(Min.)</i> <def>The characters of a mineral observed by the use of the blowpipe, as the degree of fusibility, flame coloration, etc.</def></p>

<p><hw>Py*rog"ra*phy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Pyro-</i> + <i>-graphy</i>.] <def>A process of printing, ornamenting, or carving, by burning with heated instruments.</def></p>

<p><hw>Py*rol"a*tor</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Pyrolatry</u>.] <def>A fire worshiper.</def> [R.] <i>Southey.</i></p>

<p><hw>Py*rol"a*try</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Pyro-</i> + Gr. &?; worship: cf. F. <i>pyrol&acirc;trie</i>.] <def>The worship of fire.</def> <i>Young.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pyr`o*lig"ne*ous</hw> (?), <hw>Pyr`o*lig"nic</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Pyro</i>-+ L. <i>lignum</i> wood: cf. F. <i>pyroligneux</i>.] <i>(Old Chem.)</i> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, the acid liquid obtained in the distillation of wood, consisting essentially of impure acetic acid.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pyr`o*lig"nous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Pyroligneous</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pyr`o*lith"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Pyro-</i> + <i>lithic</i>.] <i>(Old Chem.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Pyrouric</u>, or <u>Cyanuric</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Py*rol"o*gist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who is versed in, or makes a study of, pyrology.</def></p>

<p><hw>Py*rol"o*gy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Pyro-</i> + <i>- logy</i>: cf. F. <i>pyrologie</i>.] <def>That branch of physical science which treats of the properties, phenomena, or effects of heat; also, a treatise on heat.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pyr`o*lu"site</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Pyro-</i> + Gr. &?; to loose, or &?; a loosing.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>Manganese dioxide, a mineral of an iron-black or dark steel-gray color and metallic luster, usually soft. Pyrolusite parts with its oxygen at a red heat, and is extensively used in discharging the brown and green tints of glass (whence its name).</def></p>

<p><hw>Pyr`o*mag*net"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Pyro-</i> + <i>magnetic</i>.] <i>(Physics)</i> <def>Acting by the agency of heat and magnetism; as, a <i>pyromagnetic</i> machine for producing electric currents.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pyr`o*ma"late</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A salt of pyromalic acid.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Pyr`o*ma"lic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Pyro-</i> + <i>malic</i>.] <i>(Old Chem.)</i> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, an acid now called <i>maleic acid</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pyr"o*man`cy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;; &?; fire + &?; divination: cf. F. <i>pyromancie</i>.] <def>Divination by means of fire.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pyr"o*ma"ni*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Pyro-</i> + <i>mania</i>.] <def>An insane disposition to incendiarism.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pyr"o*man"tic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to pyromancy.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pyr`o*man"tic</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. Gr. &?;.] <def>One who pretends to divine by fire.</def> <i>Sir T. Herbert.</i></p>

<p><hw>Py*rom"e*ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Pyro-</i> + <i>-meter</i>: cf. F. <i>pyrom&egrave;tre</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Physics)</i> <def>An instrument used for measuring the expansion of solid bodies by heat.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Physics)</i> <def>An instrument for measuring degrees of heat above those indicated by the mercurial thermometer.</def></p>

<p>&fist; It is usually constructed so as to register the change which the heat to be measured produces in the length of some expansible substance, as a metallic rod, or in the intensity of a thermo-electric current.</p>

<p>{ <hw>Pyr`o*met"ric</hw> (?), <hw>Pyr`o*met"ric*al</hw> } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>pyrom&eacute;trique</i>.] <i>(Physics)</i> <def>Pertaining to, or obtained by, the pyrometer; as, <i>pyrometrical</i> instruments; <i>pyrometrical</i> measurements.</def></p>

<p><hw>Py*rom"e*try</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The art of measuring degrees of heat, or the expansion of bodies by heat.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pyr`o*mor"phite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [G. <i>pyromorphit</i>, from Gr. &?; fire + &?; form.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>Native lead phosphate with lead chloride, occurring in bright green and brown hexagonal crystals and also massive; — so called because a fused globule crystallizes in cooling.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pyr`o*mor"phous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Pyro-</i> + <i>-morphous</i>.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>Having the property of crystallizing by the agency of fire.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pyr`o*mu"cate</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A salt of pyromucic acid.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pyr`o*mu"cic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Pyro-</i> + <i>mucic</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Pertaining to, derived from, or designating, an acid obtained as a white crystalline substance by the distillation of mucic acid, or by the oxidation of furfurol.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pyr`o*nom"ics</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Pyro-</i> + Gr. &?; law.] <def>The science of heat.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pyr"ope</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>pyropus</i> a kind of red bronze, fr. Gr. &?;; &?; fire + &?; the eye, face: cf. F. <i>pyrope</i>.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>A variety of garnet, of a poppy or blood-red color, frequently with a tinge of orange. It is used as a gem. See the Note under <u>Garnet</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pyr"o*phane</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Pyrophanous</u>.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>A mineral which is opaque in its natural state, but is said to change its color and become transparent by heat.</def></p>

<p><hw>Py*roph"a*nous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Pyro-</i> + Gr. &?; to show, pass, to shine.] <def>Rendered transparent by heat.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pyr"o*phone</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Pyro-</i> + Gr. &?; sound.] <def>A musical instrument in which the tones are produced by flames of hydrogen, or illuminating gas, burning in tubes of different sizes and lengths.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pyr`o*phor"ic</hw> (?), <hw>Py*roph"o*rous</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Pyro-</i> + Gr. &?; to bear.] <def>Light- producing; of or pertaining to pyrophorus.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Pyrophoric iron</b></col> <i>(Chem.)</i>, <cd>finely reduced iron, which ignites spontaneously on contact with air.</cd></p>

<p><hw>||Py*roph"o*rus</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Pyrophorous</u>.] <i>(Old Chem.)</i> <def>Any one of several substances or mixtures which phosphoresce or ignite spontaneously on exposure to air, as a heated mixture of alum, potash, and charcoal, or a mixture of charcoal and finely divided lead.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pyr"o*phos"phate</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A salt of pyrophosphoric acid.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pyr`o*phos*phor"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Pyro-</i> + <i>phosphoric</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, an acid, H<sub>4</sub>P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>, which is obtained as a white crystalline substance. Its salts are obtained by heating the phosphates.</def></p>

<p><hw>Py*roph"yl*lite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Pyro-</i> + Gr. &?; leaf.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>A mineral, usually of a white or greenish color and pearly luster, consisting chiefly of the hydrous silicate of alumina.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pyr"o*scope</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Pyro-</i> + <i>- scope</i>: cf. F. <i>pyroscope</i>.] <i>(Physics)</i> <def>An instrument for measuring the intensity of heat radiating from a fire, or the cooling influence of bodies. It is a differential thermometer, having one bulb coated with gold or silver leaf.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><! p. 1170 !></p>

<p><hw>||Py*ro"sis</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr Gr. &?; a burning, an inflammation, fr. &?; to burn, fr. &?; fire.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>See <i>Water brash</i>, under <u>Brash</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Py*ros"ma*lite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Pyro-</i> + Gr. &?; odor + <i>-like</i>. ] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>A mineral, usually of a pale brown or of a gray or grayish green color, consisting chiefly of the hydrous silicate of iron and manganese; — so called from the odor given off before the blowpipe.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pyr"o*some</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Pyro-</i> + <i>- some</i> body.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any compound ascidian of the genus <i>Pyrosoma</i>. The pyrosomes form large hollow cylinders, sometimes two or three feet long, which swim at the surface of the sea and are very phosphorescent.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pyr`o*sul"phate</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A salt of pyrosulphuric acid.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pyr`o*sul*phu"ric</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Pyro-</i> + <i>-sulphuric</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, an acid called also <i>disulphuric</i> <i>acid</i>) obtained by distillation of certain sulphates, as a colorless, thick, oily liquid, H<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> resembling sulphuric acid. It is used in the solution of indigo, in the manufacture of alizarin, and in dehydration.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pyr`o*tar*tar"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Pyro-</i> + <i>tartaric</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, an acid obtained as a white crystalline substance by the distillation of tartaric acid.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pyr`o*tar"trate</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A salt of pyrotartaric acid.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pyr`o*tech"ni*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A pyrotechnist.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pyr`o*tech"nic</hw> (?), <hw>Pyr`o*tech"nic*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Pyro-</i> + <i>technic</i>, technical: cf. F. <i>pyrotechnique</i>. See <u>Fire</u>, <u>Technical</u>.] <def>Of or pertaining to fireworks, or the art of forming them.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Pyrotechnical sponge</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Sponge</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pyr`o*tech*ni"cian</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A pyrotechnist.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pyr`o*tech"nics</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The art of making fireworks; the manufacture and use of fireworks; pyrotechny.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pyr`o*tech"nist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One skilled in pyrotechny; one who manufactures fireworks.</def> <i>Steevens.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pyr`o*tech`ny</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>pyrotechnie</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The use and application of fire in science and the arts.</def> [Obs.] <i>Sir M. Hale.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Same as <u>Pyrotechnics</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Py*roth"o*nide</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Pyro-</i> + Gr. &?; linen.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>A kind of empyreumatic oil produced by the combustion of textures of hemp, linen, or cotton in a copper vessel, — formerly used as a remedial agent.</def> <i>Dunglison.</i></p>

<p><hw>Py*rot"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to burn, fr. &?;, &?;, fire: cf. F. <i>pyrotique</i>.] <def>Caustic. See <u>Caustic</u>.</def> — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>A caustic medicine.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pyr`o*tri`tar*tar"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Pyro- </i> + <i>tri-</i> + <i>tartaric</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Designating an acid which is more commonly called <i>uric</i> acid.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pyr`o*tung"stic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Polytungstic. See <u>Metatungstic</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pyr`o*&uuml;"ric</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Pyro-</i> + <i>uric</i>.] <i>(Old Chem.)</i> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, an acid now called <i>cyanuric</i> acid. See <u>Cyanuric</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pyr`o*va*nad"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Pyro-</i> + <i>vanadic</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, an acid of vanadium, analogous to pyrophosphoric acid.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pyr`o*xan"thin</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Pyro-</i> + Gr. &?; yellow.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A yellow crystalline hydrocardon extracted from crude wood spirit; — called also <i>eblanin</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pyr"ox*ene</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>pyrox&egrave;ne</i>, from Gr. &?; fire + &?; a stranger; — so called because it was supposed to the be a stranger, or of rare occurrence, in igneous rocks,] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>A common mineral occurring in monoclinic crystals, with a prismatic angle of nearly 90&deg;, and also in massive forms which are often laminated. It varies in color from white to dark green and black, and includes many varieties differing in color and composition, as diopside, malacolite, salite, coccolite, augite, etc. They are all silicates of lime and magnesia with sometimes alumina and iron. Pyroxene is an essential constituent of many rocks, especially basic igneous rocks, as basalt, gabbro, etc.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The pyroxene group contains pyroxene proper, also the related orthorhombic species, enstatite, bronzite, hypersthene, and various monoclinic and triclinic species, as rhodonite, etc.</p>

<p><hw>Pyr`ox*en"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>pyrox&eacute;nique</i>.] <def>Containing pyroxene; composed chiefly of pyroxene.</def></p>

<p><hw>Py*rox"e*nite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Min.)</i> <def>A rock consisting essentially of pyroxene.</def></p>

<p><hw>Py*rox"yle</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>pyroxyle</i>. See <u>Pyroxylic</u>, <u>-yl</u>.]</p>

<p><hw>Pyr`ox*yl"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Pyro-</i> + Gr. &?; wood.] <i>(Old Chem.)</i> <def>Derived from wood by distillation; — formerly used in designating crude wood spirit.</def></p>

<p><hw>Py*rox"y*lin</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A substance resembling gun cotton in composition and properties, but distinct in that it is more highly nitrified and is soluble in alcohol, ether, etc.; — called also <i>pyroxyle</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pyr"rhic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>pyrrhichius</i>, Gr. &?; belonging to the &?; (sc. &?;) a kind of war dance.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Of or pertaining to an ancient Greek martial dance.</def> " ye have the <i>pyrrhic</i> dance as yet." <i>Byron.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Pros.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to a pyrrhic, or to pyrrhics; containing pyrrhic; as, a <i>pyrrhic</i> verse.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pyr"rhic</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> [Gr. &?;: cf. F. <i>pyrrhique</i>, fem.] <def>An ancient Greek martial dance, to the accompaniment of the flute, its time being very quick.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> [L. <i>pyrrhichius</i> (sc. <i>pes</i>), Gr. &?; (sc. &?;): cf. F. <i>pyrrhique</i>, masc.] <i>(Pros.)</i> <def>A foot consisting of two short syllables.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pyr"rhi*cist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Gr. Antiq.)</i> <def>One two danced the pyrrhic.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pyr*rho"ne*an</hw> (?), <hw>Pyr*rhon"ic</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>Pyrrhon&ecirc;us</i>: cf. F. <i>pyrrhonien</i>.] <def>Of or pertaining to pyrrhonism.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pyr"rho*nism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From <i>Pyrrho</i>, the founder of a school of skeptics in Greece (about 300 <u>b. c.</u>): cf. F. <i>pyrrhonisme</i>.] <def>Skepticism; universal doubt.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pyr"rho*nist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A follower of Pyrrho; a skeptic.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pyr"rho*tine</hw> (?), <hw>Pyr"rho*tite</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; flame-colored, fr. &?; fire.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>A bronze-colored mineral, of metallic luster. It is a sulphide of iron, and is remarkable for being attracted by the magnet. Called also <i>magnetic pyrites</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pyr"rol</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; flame-colored (from &?; fire) + L. <i>ol</i>eum oil.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A nitrogenous base found in coal tar, bone oil, and other distillates of organic substances, and also produced synthetically as a colorless liquid, C<sub>4</sub>H<sub>5</sub>N, having on odor like that of chloroform. It is the nucleus and origin of a large number of derivatives. So called because it colors a splinter of wood moistened with hydrochloric acid a <i>deep red</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pyr"ro*line</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A nitrogenous base, C<sub>4</sub>H<sub>7</sub>N, obtained as a colorless liquid by the reduction of pyrrol.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pyr"u*la</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. L. <i>pyrus</i> a pear.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A genus of large marine gastropods. having a pear-shaped shell. It includes the fig-shells. See <i>Illust.</i> in Appendix.</def></p>

<p><hw>Py*ru"ric</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Pyro&uuml;ric</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Py"rus</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>pyrus</i>, or better <i>pirus</i>, pear tree.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A genus of rosaceous trees and shrubs having pomes for fruit. It includes the apple, crab apple, pear, chokeberry, sorb, and mountain ash.</def></p>

<p><hw>Py*ru"vic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Pyro-</i> + L. <i>uva</i> a grape.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, an acid (called also <i>pyroracemic acid</i>) obtained, as a liquid having a pungent odor, by the distillation of racemic acid.</def></p>

<p><hw>Py*ru"vil</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A complex nitrogenous compound obtained by heating together pyruvic acid and urea.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pyth`a*go"re*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>Pythagoreus</i>, Gr. &?;.] <def>Of or pertaining to Pythagoras (a Greek philosopher, born about 582 <u>b. c.</u>), or his philosophy.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The central thought of the <i>Pythagorean</i> philosophy is the idea of number, the recognition of the numerical and mathematical relations of things.</blockquote> <i>Encyc. Brit.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Pythagorean proposition</b></col> <i>(Geom.)</i>, <cd>the theorem that the square described upon the hypothenuse of a plane right-angled triangle is equal to the sum of the squares described upon the other two sides.</cd> — <col><b>Pythagorean system</b></col> <i>(Astron.)</i>, <cd>the commonly received system of astronomy, first taught by Pythagoras, and afterward revived by Copernicus, whence it is also called the <i>Copernican system</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Pythagorean letter</b></col>. <cd>See <u>Y.</u></cd></p>

<p><hw>Pyth`a*go"re*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A follower of Pythagoras; one of the school of philosophers founded by Pythagoras.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pyth`a*go"re*an*ism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The doctrines of Pythagoras or the Pythagoreans.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>As a philosophic school <i>Pythagoreanism</i> became extinct in Greece about the middle of the 4th century [<u>B. C.</u>].</blockquote> <i>Encyc. Brit.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Pyth`a*gor"ic</hw> (?), <hw>Pyth`a*gor"ic*al</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos>[L. <i>Pythagoricus</i>, Gr. &?;: cf. F. <i>pythagorique</i>.] <def>See <u>Pythagorean</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos></def></p>

<p><hw>Py*thag"o*rism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;.] <def>The doctrines taught by Pythagoras.</def></p>

<p>&fist; Pythagoras made numbers the basis of his philosophical system, as well physical as metaphysical. The doctrine of the transmigration of souls (metempsychosis) is associated closely with name of Pythagoras.</p>

<p><hw>Py*thag"o*rize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Pythagorized</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Pythagorizing</u> (?).] [Gr. &?;.] <def>To speculate after the manner of Pythagoras.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pyth"i*ad</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Pythian</u>.] <i>(Gr. Antiq.)</i> <def>The period intervening between one celebration of the Pythian games and the next.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pyth"i*an</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>Pythius</i>, Gr. &?; belonging to Pytho, the older name of Delphi and its environs: cf. F. <i>pythien</i>.] <def>Of or pertaining to Delphi, to the temple of Apollo, or to the priestess of Apollo, who delivered oracles at Delphi.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Pythian games</b></col> <i>(Gr. Antiq.)</i>, <cd>one of the four great national festivals of ancient Greece, celebrated near Delphi, in honor of Apollo, the conqueror of the dragon Python, at first once in eight years, afterward once in four.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Pyth`o*cen"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; to rot + &?; origin.] <def>Producing decomposition, as diseases which are supposed to be accompanied or caused by decomposition.</def></p>

<p><hw>Py"thon</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. L. <i>Python</i> the serpent slain near Delphi by Apollo, Gr. &?;.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any species of very large snakes of the genus <i>Python</i>, and allied genera, of the family <i>Pythonid&aelig;</i>. They are nearly allied to the boas. Called also <i>rock snake</i>.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The pythons have small pelvic bones, or anal spurs, two rows of subcaudal scales, and pitted labials. They are found in Africa, Asia, and the East Indies.</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A diviner by spirits.</def> "[Manasses] observed omens, and appointed <i>pythons</i>." <i>4 Kings xxi. 6 (Douay version).</i></p>

<p><hw>Pyth"o*ness</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>pythonissa</i>: cf. F. <i>pythonisse</i>. See <u>Pythian</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Gr. Antiq.)</i> <def>The priestess who gave oracular answers at Delphi in Greece.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Any woman supposed to have a spirit of divination; a sort of witch.</def> <i>Bp. Hall.</i></p>

<p><hw>Py*thon"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>pythonicus</i>, Gr. &?;. See <u>Pythian</u>.] <def>Prophetic; oracular; pretending to foretell events.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pyth"o*nism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The art of predicting events after the manner of the priestess of Apollo at Delphi; equivocal prophesying.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pyth"o*nist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A conjurer; a diviner.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pyth`o*no*mor"pha</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Python</u>, and <u>-morphous</u>.] <i>(Paleon.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Mosasauria</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Py*u"ri*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. &?; pus + &?; urine.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>A morbid condition in which pus is discharged in the urine.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pyx</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>pyxis</i> a box, Gr. <grk>pyxi`s</grk> a box, especially of boxwood, fr. <grk>py`xos</grk> the box tree or boxwood. See <u>Box</u> a receptacle.] [Written also <i>pix</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(R. C. Ch.)</i> <def>The box, case, vase, or tabernacle, in which the host is reserved.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A box used in the British mint as a place of deposit for certain sample coins taken for a trial of the weight and fineness of metal before it is sent from the mint.</def> <i>Mushet.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>The box in which the compass is suspended; the binnacle.</def> <i>Weale.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Pyxis</u>.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Pyx cloth</b></col> <i>(R. C. Ch.)</i>, <cd>a veil of silk or lace covering the pyx.</cd> — <col><b>Trial of the pyx</b></col>, <cd>the annual testing, in the English mint, of the standard of gold and silver coins.</cd> <i>Encyc. Brit.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pyx</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To test as to weight and fineness, as the coins deposited in the pyx.</def> [Eng.] <i>Mushet.</i></p>

<p><hw>Pyx"i*date</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having a pyxidium.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pyx*id"i*um</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Pyxidia</b></plw> (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, dim. a &?; a box. See <u>Pyx</u>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A pod which divides circularly into an upper and lower half, of which the former acts as a kind of lid, as in the pimpernel and purslane.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The theca of mosses.</def></p>

<p><hw>Pyx"ie</hw> (p&ibreve;ks"&ibreve;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Pixy</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Pyx*is</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A box; a pyx.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A pyxidium.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>The acetabulum. See <u>Acetabulum</u>, 2.</def></p>

<p><! p. 1171 !></p>

<p><point26>Q.</point26></p>

<p><hw>Q</hw> (k&umacr;), <def>the seventeenth letter of the English alphabet, has but one sound (that of <i>k</i>), and is always followed by <i>u</i>, the two letters together being sounded like <i>kw</i>, except in some words in which the <i>u</i> is silent. See <i>Guide to Pronunciation</i>, &sect; 249. Q is not found in Anglo-Saxon, <i>cw</i> being used instead of <i>qu</i>; as in <i>cwic</i>, quick; <i>cwen</i>, queen. The name (k&umacr;) is from the French <i>ku</i>, which is from the Latin name of the same letter; its form is from the Latin, which derived it, through a Greek alphabet, from the Ph&oelig;nician, the ultimate origin being Egyptian.</def></p>

<p> Etymologically, <i>q</i> or <i>qu</i> is most nearly related to a (<i>ch</i>, <i>tch</i>), <i>p</i>, <i>q</i>, and <i>wh</i>; as in cud, <i>quid</i>, L. <i>equ</i>us, e<i>c</i>us, horse, Gr. &?;, whence E. <i>equ</i>ine, hi<i>pp</i>ic; L. <i>qu</i>od which, E. <i>wh</i>at; L. a<i>qu</i>ila, E. ea<i>q</i>le; E. ki<i>tch</i>en, OE. ki<i>che</i>ne, AS. cycene, L. co<i>qu</i>ina.</p>

<p><hw>Qua</hw> (?), <pos><i>conj.</i></pos> [L., abl. of <i>qui</i> who.] <def>In so far as; in the capacity or character of; as.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>It is with Shelley's biographers <i>qua</i> biographers that we have to deal.</blockquote> <i>London Spectator.</i></p>

<p><hw>Quab</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. D. <i>kwab</i> eelpout, Dan. <i>quabbe</i>, G. <i>quabbe</i>, <i>quappe</i>, LG. <i>quabbe</i> a fat lump of flesh, and L. <i>capito</i> a kind of fish with a large head, fr. <i>caput</i> the head, also E. <i>squab</i>.] <def>An unfledged bird; hence, something immature or unfinished.</def> <i>Ford.</i></p>

<p><hw>Quab</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Quob</u>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos></def></p>

<p><hw>Qua"-bird`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The American night heron. See under <u>Night</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Qua"cha</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The quagga.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quack</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Qvacked</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Quacking</u>.] [Of imitative origin; cf. D. <i>kwaken</i>, G. <i>quacken</i>, <i>quaken</i>, Icel. <i>kvaka</i> to twitter.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To utter a sound like the cry of a duck.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To make vain and loud pretensions; to boast.</def> " To <i>quack</i> of universal cures." <i>Hudibras.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To act the part of a quack, or pretender.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quack</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The cry of the duck, or a sound in imitation of it; a hoarse, quacking noise.</def> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> [Cf. <u>Quacksalver</u>.] <def>A boastful pretender to medical skill; an empiric; an ignorant practitioner.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Hence, one who boastfully pretends to skill or knowledge of any kind not possessed; a charlatan.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Quacks</i> political; <i>quacks</i> scientific, academical.</blockquote> <i>Carlyle.</i></p>

<p><hw>Quack</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Pertaining to or characterized by, boasting and pretension; used by quacks; pretending to cure diseases; as, a <i>quack</i> medicine; a <i>quack</i> doctor.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quack"er*y</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Quackeries</b></plw> (&?;). <def>The acts, arts, or boastful pretensions of a quack; false pretensions to any art; empiricism.</def> <i>Carlyle.</i></p>

<p><hw>Quack" grass`</hw> (?). <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>See <u>Quitch grass</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quack"ish</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Like a quack; boasting; characterized by quackery.</def> <i>Burke.</i></p>

<p><hw>Quack"ism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Quackery.</def> <i>Carlyle.</i></p>

<p><hw>Quac"kle</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i. & t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Quackled</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Quackling</u> (?).] [Cf.<u>Querken</u>.] <def>To suffocate; to choke.</def> [Prov. Eng.]</p>

<p><hw>Quack"sal*ver</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [D. <i>kwakzalver</i>; cf. <i>kwakzalven</i> to quack or boast of one's salves. See <u>Quack</u>, <u>Salve</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <def>One who boasts of his skill in medicines and salves, or of the efficacy of his prescriptions; a charlatan; a quack; a mountebank.</def> [Obs.] <i>Burton.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Quad</hw> (?), <hw>Quade</hw> (?) }, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Akin to AS. <i>cw&aemacr;d</i>, <i>cwead</i>, dung, evil, G. <i>kot</i>, dung, OHG. <i>qu&amacr;t</i>.] <def>Evil; bad; baffling; as, a <i>quade</i> wind.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Sooth play, <i>quad</i> play, as the Fleming saith.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Quad</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Print.)</i> <def>A quadrat.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quad</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>A quadrangle; hence, a prison.</def> [Cant or Slang]</p>

<p><hw>||Quad"ra</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Quadr&aelig;</b></plw> (#). [L., a square, the socle, a platband, a fillet.] <i>(Arch.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The plinth, or lowest member, of any pedestal, podium, water table, or the like.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A fillet, or listel.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quad"ra*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos>[See <u>Quadrate</u>.] <i>(Math.)</i> <def>That may be sqyared, or reduced to an equivalent square; — said of a surface when the area limited by a curve can be exactly found, and expressed in a finite number of algebraic terms.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quad`ra*ge*na"ri*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>quadragenarius</i>, fr. <i>qyadrageni</i> forty each.] <def>Consisting of forty; forty years old.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quad"ra*gene</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [LL. <i>quadragena</i>, fr. L. <i>quadrageni</i> forty each, akin to <i>quadraginta</i> forty.] <i>(R. C. Ch.)</i> <def>An indulgence of forty days, corresponding to the forty days of ancient canonical penance.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Quad`ra*ges"i*ma</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., fr. <i>quadragesimus</i> the fortieth, fr. <i>quadraginta</i> forty; akin to <i>quattuor</i> four. See <u>Four</u>.] <i>(Eccl.)</i> <def>The forty days of fast preceding Easter; Lent.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Quadragesima Sunday</b></col>, <cd>the first Sunday in Lent, about forty days before Easter.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Quad`ra*ges"i*mal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>quadrag&eacute;simal</i>.] <def>Belonging to Lent; used in Lent; Lenten.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quad`ra*ges"i*mals</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> <def>Offerings formerly made to the mother church of a diocese on Mid- Lent Sunday.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quad"ran`gle</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., fr. L. <i>quadrangulum</i>; <i>quattuor</i> four + <i>angulus</i> an angle. See <u>Four</u>, and <u>Angle</u> a corner.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Geom.)</i> <def>A plane figure having four angles, and consequently four sides; any figure having four angles.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A square or quadrangular space or inclosure, such a space or court surrounded by buildings, esp. such a court in a college or public school in England.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quad*ran"gu*lar</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>quadrangulaire</i>.] <def>Having four angles, and consequently four sides; tetragonal.</def> — <wf>Quad*ran"gu*lar*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>||Quad"rans</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Quadrantes</b></plw> (#). [L.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Rom. Antiq.)</i> <def>A fourth part of the coin called an as. See 3d As, 2.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The fourth of a penny; a farthing. See <u>Cur</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quad"rant</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>quadrans</i>, <i>-antis</i>, a fourth part, a fourth of a whole, fr. <i>quattuor</i> four: cf. F. <i>quadrant</i>, <i>cadran</i>. See <u>Four</u>, and cf. <u>Cadrans</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The fourth part; the quarter.</def> [Obs.] <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Geom.)</i> <def>The quarter of a circle, or of the circumference of a circle, an arc of 90&deg;, or one subtending a right angle at the center.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Anal. (Geom.)</i> <def>One of the four parts into which a plane is divided by the co&ouml;rdinate axes. The upper right-hand part is the <i>first quadrant</i>; the upper left-hand part the <i>second</i>; the lower left-hand part the <i>third</i>; and the lower right-hand part the <i>fourth quadrant</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>An instrument for measuring altitudes, variously constructed and mounted for different specific uses in astronomy, surveying, gunnery, etc., consisting commonly of a graduated arc of 90&deg;, with an index or vernier, and either plain or telescopic sights, and usually having a plumb line or spirit level for fixing the vertical or horizontal direction.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Gunner's quadrant</b></col>, <cd>an instrument consisting of a graduated limb, with a plumb line or spirit level, and an arm by which it is applied to a cannon or mortar in adjusting it to the elevation required for attaining the desired range.</cd> — <col><b>Gunter's quadrant</b></col>. <cd>See <u>Gunter's quadrant</u>, in the Vocabulary.</cd> — <col><b>Hadley's quadrant</b></col>, <cd>a hand instrument used chiefly at sea to measure the altitude of the sun or other celestial body in ascertaining the vessel's position. It consists of a frame in the form of an octant having a graduated scale upon its arc, and an index arm, or alidade pivoted at its apex. Mirrors, called the index glass and the horizon glass, are fixed one upon the index arm and the other upon one side of the frame, respectively. When the instrument is held upright, the index arm may be swung so that the index glass will reflect an image of the sun upon the horizon glass, and when the reflected image of the sun coincides, to the observer's eye, with the horizon as seen directly through an opening at the side of the horizon glass, the index shows the sun's altitude upon the scale; — more properly, but less commonly, called an <i>octant</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Quadrant of altitude</b></col>, <cd>an appendage of the artificial globe, consisting of a slip of brass of the length of a quadrant of one of the great circles of the globe, and graduated. It may be fitted to the meridian, and being movable round to all points of the horizon, serves as a scale in measuring altitudes, azimuths, etc.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Quad*ran"tal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>quadrantalis</i> containing the fourth fourth part of a measure.] <i>(Geom.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to a quadrant; also, included in the fourth part of a circle; as, <i>quadrantal</i> space.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Quadrantal triangle</b></col>, <cd>a spherical triangle having one side equal to a quadrant or arc of 90&deg;.</cd> — <col><b>Quadrantal versor</b></col>, <cd>a versor that expresses rotation through one right angle.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Quad*ran"tal</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Rom. Antiq.)</i> <def>A cubical vessel containing a Roman cubic foot, each side being a Roman square foot; — used as a measure.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A cube.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Quad"rat</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>quadrat</i>, <i>cadrat</i>. See <u>Quadrate</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Print.)</i> <def>A block of type metal lower than the letters, — used in spacing and in blank lines.</def> [Abbrev. quad.]</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>An old instrument used for taking altitudes; — called also <i>geometrical square</i>, and <i>line of shadows</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quad"rate</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>quadratus</i> squared, p. p. of <i>quadrare</i> to make four-cornered, to make square, to square, to fit, suit, from <i>quadrus</i> square, <i>quattuor</i> four. See <u>Quadrant</u>, and cf. <u>Quadrat</u>, <u>Quarry</u> an arrow, <u>Square</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Having four equal sides, the opposite sides parallel, and four right angles; square.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Figures, some round, some triangle, some <i>quadrate</i>.</blockquote> <i>Foxe.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Produced by multiplying a number by itself; square.</def> " <i>Quadrate</i> and cubical numbers." <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Square; even; balanced; equal; exact.</def> [Archaic] " A <i>quadrate</i>, solid, wise man." <i>Howell.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Squared; suited; correspondent.</def> [Archaic] " A generical description <i>quadrate</i> to both." <i>Harvey.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Quadrate bone</b></col> <i>(Anat.)</i>, <cd>a bone between the base of the lower jaw and the skull in most vertebrates below the mammals. In reptiles and birds it articulates the lower jaw with the skull; in mammals it is represented by the malleus or incus.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Quad"rate</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>quadratum</i>. See <u>Quadrate</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Geom.)</i> <def>A plane surface with four equal sides and four right angles; a square; hence, figuratively, anything having the outline of a square.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>At which command, the powers militant<BR> That stood for heaven, in mighty <i>quadrate</i> joined.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Astrol.)</i> <def>An aspect of the heavenly bodies in which they are distant from each other 90&deg;, or the quarter of a circle; quartile. See the <u>Note</u> under <u>Aspect</u>, 6.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>The quadrate bone.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quad"rate</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Quadrated</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Quadrating</u>.] [See <u>Quadrate</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <def>To square; to agree; to suit; to correspond; — followed by <i>with</i>.</def> [Archaic]</p>

<p><blockquote>The objections of these speculatists of its forms do not <i>quadrate</i> with their theories.</blockquote> <i>Burke.</i></p>

<p><hw>Quad"rate</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To adjust (a gun) on its carriage; also, to train (a gun) for horizontal firing.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quad*rat"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>quadratique</i>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Of or pertaining to a square, or to squares; resembling a quadrate, or square; square.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Crystallog.)</i> <def>Tetragonal.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Alg.)</i> <def>Pertaining to terms of the second degree; as, a <i>quadratic</i> equation, in which the highest power of the unknown quantity is a square.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quad*rat"ics</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Alg.)</i> <def>That branch of algebra which treats of quadratic equations.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quad*ra`to*ju"gal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Anat.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>Of or pertaining to the quadrate and jugal bones.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>Of or pertaining to the quadratojugal bone.</def> — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quadratojugal bone.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Quadratojugal bone</b></col> <i>(Anat.)</i>, <cd>a bone at the base of the lower jaw in many animals.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Quad*ra"trix</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>-trixes</b></plw> (#), <i>or</i> <plw><b>-trices</b></plw> (#). [NL.] <i>(Geom.)</i> <def>A curve made use of in the quadrature of other curves; as the <i>quadratrix</i>, of Dinostratus, or of Tschirnhausen.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quad"ra*ture</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>quadratura</i>: cf. F. <i>quadrature</i>. See <u>Quadrate</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Math.)</i> <def>The act of squaring; the finding of a square having the same area as some given curvilinear figure; as, the <i>quadrature</i> of a circle; the operation of finding an expression for the area of a figure bounded wholly or in part by a curved line, as by a curve, two ordinates, and the axis of abscissas.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A quadrate; a square.</def> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Integral Calculus)</i> <def>The integral used in obtaining the area bounded by a curve; hence, the definite integral of the product of any function of one variable into the differential of that variable.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Astron.)</i> <def>The position of one heavenly body in respect to another when distant from it 90&deg;, or a quarter of a circle, as the moon when at an equal distance from the points of conjunction and opposition.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Quadrature of the moon</b></col> <i>(Astron.)</i>, <cd>the position of the moon when one half of the disk is illuminated.</cd> — <col><b>Quadrature of an orbit</b></col> <i>(Astron.)</i>, <cd>a point in an orbit which is at either extremity of the latus rectum drawn through the empty focus of the orbit.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Quad"rel</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [It. <i>quadrello</i>, LL. <i>quadrellus</i>, fr. L. <i>quadrus</i> square. See <u>Quadrate</u>, and cf. <u>Quarrel</u> an arrow.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A square piece of turf or peat.</def> [Prov. Eng.]</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A square brick, tile, or the like.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quad*ren"ni*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>quadriennium</i> a space of four years; <i>quattuor</i> four + <i>annus</i> year; cf. L. <i>quadriennis</i>. See <u>Quadrate</u>, and <u>Annual</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Comprising four years; as, a <i>quadrennial</i> period.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Occurring once in four years, or at the end of every four years; as, <i>quadrennial</i> games.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quad*ren"ni*al*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>Once in four years.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Quad*ren"ni*um</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Quadrennial</u>.] <def>A space or period of four years.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quad"ri-</hw> (?). [L., from <i>quattuor</i> four. See <u>Four</u>.] <def>A combining form meaning <i>four</i>, <i>four times</i>, <i>fourfold</i>; as, <i>quadri</i>capsular, having <i>four</i> capsules.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quad`ri*ba"sic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Quadri-</i> + <i>basic</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Tetrabasic</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quad"ri*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Quadrable.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Quad"ric</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Math.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to the second degree.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quad"ric</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <i>(Alg.)</i> <def>A quantic of the second degree. See <u>Quantic</u>.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <i>(Geom.)</i> <def>A surface whose equation in three variables is of the second degree. Spheres, spheroids, ellipsoids, paraboloids, hyperboloids, also cones and cylinders with circular bases, are quadrics.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quad`ri*cap"su*lar</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Quadri- </i> + <i>capsular</i>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Having four capsules.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Quad"ri*ceps</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. L. <i>qyattuor</i> four + <i>caput</i> head.] <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>The great extensor muscle of the knee, divided above into four parts which unite in a single tendon at the knee.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quad`ri*cip"i*tal</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Anat.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to the quadriceps.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quad"ri*corn</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Quadricornous</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any quadricornous animal.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quad`ri*cor"nous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Quadri-</i> + L. <i>cornu</i> horn: cf. F. <i>quadricorne</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Having four horns, or hornlike organs; as, a <i>quadricornous</i> beetle.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quad`ri*cos"tate</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Quadri-</i> + <i>costate</i>.] <def>Having four ribs.</def></p>

<p><! p. 1172 !></p>

<p><hw>Quad`ri*den"tate</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Quadri-</i> + <i>dentate</i>.] <def>Having four teeth; as, a <i>quadridentate</i> leaf.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quad`ri*en"ni*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Quadrennial</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quad`ri*fa"ri*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>quadrifarius</i> fourfold, fr. <i>quattuor</i> four: cf. F. <i>quadrifari&eacute;</i>. Cf. <u>Multifarious</u>.] <def>Arranged in four rows or ranks; as, <i>quadrifarious</i> leaves.</def> <i>Loudon.</i></p>

<p><hw>Quad"ri*fid</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>quadrifidus</i>; <i>quattuor</i> four + <i>findere</i> to cleave: cf. F. <i>quadrifide</i>.] <def>Divided, or deeply cleft, into four parts; as, a <i>quadrifid</i> perianth; a <i>quadrifid</i> leaf.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Quad"ri*foil</hw> (?), <hw>Quad`ri*fo"li*ate</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Quadri-</i> + L. <i>folium</i> leaf.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Four-leaved; having the leaves in whorls of four.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quad`ri*fur"ca*ted</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Quadri- </i> + <i>furcated</i>.] <def>Having four forks, or branches.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Quad*ri"ga</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Quadrig&aelig;</b></plw> (#). [L. See <u>Quadrijugous</u>.] <i>(Rom. Antiq.)</i> <def>A car or chariot drawn by four horses abreast.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Quad`ri*gem"i*nal</hw> (?), <hw>Quad`ri*gem"i*nous</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Quadri-</i> + L. <i>gemini</i> twins.] <def>Fourfold; having four similar parts, or two pairs of similar parts.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Quadrigeminal bodies</b></col> <i>(Anat.)</i>, <cd>two pairs of lobes, or elevations, on the dorsal side of the midbrain of most mammals; the optic lobes. The anterior pair are called the <i>nates</i>, and the posterior the <i>testes</i>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Quad`ri*ge*na"ri*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>quadrigeni</i>, <i>quadringeni</i>, four hundred each.] <def>Consisting of four hundred.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quad*rij"u*gate</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Quadrijugous</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quad*rij"u*gous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>quadrijugus</i> of a team of four; <i>quattuor</i> four + <i>jugum</i> yoke.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Pinnate, with four pairs of leaflets; as, a <i>quadrijugous</i> leaf.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quad`ri*lat"er*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>quadrilaterus</i>: cf. F. <i>quadrilat&egrave;re</i>, <i>quadrilat&eacute;ral</i>. See <u>Quadri-</u> and <u>Lateral</u>.] <def>Having four sides, and consequently four angles; quadrangular.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quad`ri*lat"er*al</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Geom.)</i> <def>A plane figure having four sides, and consequently four angles; a quadrangular figure; any figure formed by four lines.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>An area defended by four fortresses supporting each other; as, the Venetian <i>quadrilateral</i>, comprising Mantua, Peschiera, Verona, and Legnano.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Complete quadrilateral</b></col> <i>(Geom.)</i>, <cd>the figure made up of the six straight lines that can be drawn through four points, <i>A</i>, <i>B</i>, <i>C</i>, <i>I</i>, the lines being supposed to be produced indefinitely.</cd> </p>

<p><hw>Quad`ri*lat"er*al*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The property of being quadrilateral.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quad`ri*lit"er*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Quadri- </i> + <i>literal</i>.] <def>Consisting of four letters.</def></p>

<p><hw>Qua*drille"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>quadrille</i>, n. fem., fr. Sp. <i>cuadrilla</i> meeting of four or more persons or It. <i>quadriglia</i> a band of soldiers, a sort of dance; dim. fr. L. <i>quadra</i> a square, fr. <i>quattuor</i> four. See <u>Quadrate</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A dance having five figures, in common time, four couples of dancers being in each set.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The appropriate music for a quadrille.</def></p>

<p><hw>Qua*drille"</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>quadrille</i>, n. masc., cf. It. <i>quadriglio</i>; or perhaps from the Spanish. See <u>Quadrille</u> a dance.] <def>A game played by four persons with forty cards, being the remainder of an ordinary pack after the tens, nines, and eights are discarded.</def> <i>Hoyle.</i></p>

<p><hw>Quad*ril"lion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., fr. L. <i>quater</i> four times, akin to <i>quattuor</i> four, E. <i>four</i>; — formed like <i>million</i>. See <u>Four</u>, <u>Million</u>.] <def>According to the French notation, which is followed also upon the Continent and in the United States, a unit with fifteen ciphers annexed; according to the English notation, the number produced by involving a million to the fourth power, or the number represented by a unit with twenty-four ciphers annexed. See the Note under <u>Numeration</u>.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Quad`ri*lo"bate</hw> (?), <hw>Quad`ri*lobed</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Quadri-</i> + <i>lobe</i>: cf. F. <i>quadrilob&eacute;</i>.] <def>Having four lobes; as, a <i>quadrilobate</i> leaf.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quad`ri*loc"u*lar</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Quadri- </i> + <i>locular</i>: cf. F. <i>quadriloculaire</i>.] <def>Having four cells, or cavities; as, a <i>quadrilocular</i> heart.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quad"rin</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF., fr. L. <i>quadrini</i> four each, fr. <i>quattuor</i> four.] <def>A small piece of money, in value about a farthing, or a half cent.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Quad`ri*nod"al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Quadri-</i> + <i>nodal</i>.] <i>(Math.)</i> <def>Possessing four nodes; as, <i>quadrinodal</i> curves.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quad`ri*no"mi*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Quadri-</i> + <i>nomial</i>, as in <i>binomial</i>: cf. F. <i>quadrin&ocirc;me</i>.] <i>(Alg.)</i> <def>A polynomial of four terms connected by the signs plus or minus.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quad`ri*nom"ic*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Quadrinomial.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quad`ri*nom"i*nal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Quadri- </i> + <i>nominal</i>.] <i>(Alg.)</i> <def>Quadrinomial.</def> <i>Sir W. R. Hamilton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Quad*rip"ar*tite</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>quadripartitus</i>, p. p. of <i>quadripartire</i> to divide into four parts; <i>quattuor</i> four + <i>partire</i> to divide: cf. F. <i>quadripartite</i>.] <def>Divided into four parts.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quad*rip"ar*tite*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In four parts.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quad`ri*par*ti"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>quadripartitio</i>: cf. F. <i>quadripartition</i>.] <def>A division or distribution by four, or into four parts; also, a taking the fourth part of any quantity or number.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quad`ri*pen"nate</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Quadri-</i> + <i>pennate</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Having four wings; — said of insects.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quad*riph"yl*lous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Quadri</i> + Gr. &?; leaf.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Having four leaves; quadrifoliate.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quad"ri*reme</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>quadriremis</i>; <i>quattuor</i> four + <i>remus</i> an oar: cf. F. <i>quadrir&egrave;me</i>.] <i>(Antiq.)</i> <def>A galley with four banks of oars or rowers.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quad`ri*sec"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Quadri-</i> + <i>section</i>.] <def>A subdivision into four parts.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quad`ri*sul"cate</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Quadri</i> + <i>sulcate</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Having four hoofs; as, a <i>quadrisulcate</i> foot; a <i>quadrisulcate</i> animal.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Quad`ri*syl*lab"ic</hw> (?), <hw>Quad`ri-syl*lab"ic*al</hw> (?), }<def>Having four syllables; of or pertaining to quadrisyllables; as, a <i>quadrisyllabic</i> word.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quad`ri*syl"la*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Quadri- </i> + <i>syllable</i>: cf. F. <i>quadrisyllabe</i>.] <def>A word consisting of four syllables.</def> <i>De Quincey.</i></p>

<p><hw>Quad*riv"a*lence</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>The quality or state of being quadrivalent; tetravalence.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quad*riv"a*lent</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Quadri-</i> + L. <i>valens</i>, <i>-entis</i>, p. pr. See <u>Valence</u>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Having a valence of four; capable of combining with, being replaced by, or compared with, four monad atoms; tetravalent; — said of certain atoms and radicals; thus, carbon and silicon are <i>quadrivalent</i> elements.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quad"ri*valve</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Quadri-</i> + <i>valve</i>: cf. F. <i>quadrivalve</i>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Dehiscent into four similar parts; four-valved; as, a <i>quadrivalve</i> pericarp.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quad"ri*valve</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>A door, shutter, or the like, having four folds.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quad`ri*val"vu*lar</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having four valves; quadrivalve.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quad*riv"i*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>quadrivium</i> a place where four ways meet; <i>quattuor</i> four + <i>via</i> way.] <def>Having four ways meeting in a point.</def> <i>B. Jonson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Quad*riv"i*al</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One of the four "liberal arts" making up the quadrivium.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Quad*riv"i*um</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L.] <def>The four "liberal arts," arithmetic, music, geometry, and astronomy; — so called by the schoolmen. See <u>Trivium</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quad*roon"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>quarteron</i>, or Sp. <i>cuarteron</i>. See <u>Quarter</u> a fourth part, and cf. <u>Quarteron</u>.] <def>The offspring of a mulatto and a white person; a person quarter-blooded.</def> [Written also <i>quarteron</i>, <i>quarteroon</i>, and <i>quateron</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Quad*rox"ide</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Quadri-</i> + <i>oxide</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A tetroxide.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>||Quad*ru"ma*na</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [NL. See <u>Quadrumane</u>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A division of the Primates comprising the apes and monkeys; — so called because the hind foot is usually prehensile, and the great toe opposable somewhat like a thumb. Formerly the <i>Quadrumana</i> were considered an order distinct from the Bimana, which last included man alone.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quad"ru*mane</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>quattuor</i> four + <i>manus</i> a hand: cf. F. <i>quadrumane</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>One of the Quadrumana.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quad*ru"ma*nous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Having four hands; of or pertaining to the Quadrumana.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quad"ru*ped</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>quadrupes</i>, <i>-pedis</i>; <i>quattuor</i> four + <i>pes</i>, <i>pedis</i>, a foot: cf. F. <i>quadrup&egrave;de</i>. See <u>Quadrate</u>, and <u>Foot</u>.] <def>Having four feet.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quad"ru*ped</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>An animal having four feet, as most mammals and reptiles; — often restricted to the mammals.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quad*ru"pe*dal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Having four feet; of or pertaining to a quadruped.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quad"ru*ple</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>quadruplus</i>, from <i>quattuor</i> four: cf. F. <i>quadruple</i>. See <u>Quadrate</u>, and cf. <u>Double</u>.] <def>Fourfold; as, to make <i>quadruple</i> restitution; a <i>quadruple</i> alliance.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Quadruple time</b></col> <i>(Mus.)</i>, <cd>that in which each measure is divided into four equal parts.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Quad"ru*ple</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>quadruple</i>, L. <i>quadruplum</i>.] <def>four times the sum or number; a fourfold amount; as, to receive to <i>quadruple</i> of the amount in damages.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quad"ru*ple</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Quadrupled</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Quadrupling</u> (?).] [L. <i>quadruplare</i>: cf. F. <i>quadrupler</i>.] <def>To multiply by four; to increase fourfold; to double; to double twice.</def> <i>A. Smith.</i></p>

<p><hw>Quad"ru*ple</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To be multiplied by four; to increase fourfold; to become four times as much.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quad"ru*plex</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L., from <i>quattuor</i> four + <i>plicare</i> to fold.] <def>Fourfold; folded or doubled twice.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Quadruplex system</b></col> <i>(Electric Telegraph)</i>, <cd>a system by which four messages, two in each direction, may be sent simultaneously over the wire.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Quad*ru"pli*cate</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Quadruplicated</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Quadruplicating</u>.] [L. <i>quadruplicatus</i>, p. p. of <i>quadruplicare</i>, fr. <i>quadruple</i>&?; fourfold. See <u>Quadruplex</u>.] <def>To make fourfold; to double twice; to quadruple.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quad*ru"pli*cate</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>quadruplicatus</i>, p. p.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Fourfold; doubled twice; four times repeated; as, a <i>quadruplicate</i> ratio, or a <i>quadruplicate</i> proportion.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Math.)</i> <def>Raised to the fourth power.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Quad`ru*pli*ca"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>quadruplicatio</i>: cf. F. <i>quadruplication</i>.] <def>The act of making fourfold; a taking four times the simple sum or amount.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quad"ru*ply</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>To a fourfold quantity; so as to be, or cause to be, quadruple; as, to be <i>quadruply</i> recompensed.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Qu&aelig;"re</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. imperative.</i></pos> [L., imperative of <i>quaerere</i> to seek.] <def>Inquire; question; see; - - used to signify doubt or to suggest investigation.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Qu&aelig;s"tor</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L.] <def>Same as <u>Questor</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quaff</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Quaffed</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Quaffing</u>.] [For <i>quach</i>, fr. Gael. & Ir. <i>cuach</i> a drinking cup; cf. L. <i>caucus</i> a drinking vessel. Cf. <u>Quaigh</u>.] <def>To drink with relish; to drink copiously of; to swallow in large draughts.</def> "<i>Quaffed</i> off the muscadel." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>They eat, they drink, and in communion sweet<BR> <i>Quaff</i> immortality and joy.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Quaff</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To drink largely or luxuriously.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Twelve days the gods their solemn revels keep,<BR> And <i>quaff</i> with blameless Ethiops in the deep.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Quaff"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who quaffs, or drinks largely.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quag</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A quagmire.</def> [R.] "Crooked or straight, through <i>quags</i> or thorny dells." <i>Cowper.</i></p>

<p><hw>Quag"ga</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Hottentot.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A South African wild ass (<i>Equus, or Hippotigris, quagga</i>). The upper parts are reddish brown, becoming paler behind and behind and beneath, with dark stripes on the face, neck, and fore part of the body.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quag"gy</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos>[See <u>Quag</u>, <u>Quagmire</u>.] <def>Of the nature of a quagmire; yielding or trembling under the foot, as soft, wet earth; spongy; boggy.</def> "O'er the watery strath, or <i>quaggy</i> moss." <i>Collins.</i></p>

<p><hw>Quag"mire`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Quake</i> + <i>mire</i>.] <def>Soft, wet, miry land, which shakes or yields under the feet.</def> "A spot surrounded by <i>quagmires</i>, which rendered it difficult of access." <i>Palfrey.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Morass; marsh; bog; swamp; fen; slough.</p>

<p>{ <hw>Qua"hog</hw>, <hw>Qua"haug</hw> } (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Abbrev. fr. Narragansett Indian <i>poqua&ucirc;hock</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>An American market clam (<i>Venus mercenaria</i>). It is sold in large quantities, and is highly valued as food. Called also <i>round clam</i>, and <i>hard clam</i>.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The name is also applied to other allied species, as <i>Venus Mortoni</i> of the Gulf of Mexico.</p>

<p>{ <hw>Quaigh</hw>, <hw>Quaich</hw> } (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gael. <i>cuach</i>. Cf. <u>Quaff</u>.] <def>A small shallow cup or drinking vessel.</def> [Scot.] [Written also <i>quegh</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Quail</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Qualled</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Qualling</u>.] [AS. <i>cwelan</i> to die, perish; akin to <i>cwalu</i> violent death, D. <i>kwaal</i> pain, G. <i>qual</i> torment, OHG. <i>quelan</i> to suffer torment, Lith. <i>gelti</i> to hurt, <i>gela</i> pain. Cf. <u>Quell</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To die; to perish; hence, to wither; to fade.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To become quelled; to become cast down; to sink under trial or apprehension of danger; to lose the spirit and power of resistance; to lose heart; to give way; to shrink; to cower.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The atheist power shall <i>quail</i>, and confess his fears. <i>I</i>. <i>Taylor</i>.<BR> Stouter hearts than a woman's have <i>quailed</i> in this terrible winter.</blockquote> <i>Longfellow.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — to cower; flinch; shrink; quake; tremble; blench; succumb; yield.</p>

<p><hw>Quail</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [Cf. <u>Quell</u>.] <def>To cause to fail in spirit or power; to quell; to crush; to subdue.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Quail</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [OF. <i>coaillier</i>, F. <i>cailler</i>, from L. <i>coagulare</i>. See <u>Coagulate</u>.] <def>To curdle; to coagulate, as milk.</def> [Obs.] <i>Holland.</i></p>

<p><hw>Quail</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>quaille</i>, F. <i>caille</i>, LL. <i>quaquila</i>, <i>qualia</i>, <i>qualea</i>, of Dutch or German origin; cf. D. <i>kwakkel</i>, <i>kwartel</i>, OHG. <i>wahtala</i>, G. <i>wachtel</i>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any gallinaceous bird belonging to <i>Coturnix</i> and several allied genera of the Old World, especially the common European quail (<i>C. communis</i>), the rain quail (<i>C. Coromandelica</i>) of India, the stubble quail (<i>C. pectoralis</i>), and the Australian swamp quail (<i>Synoicus australis</i>).</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any one of several American partridges belonging to <i>Colinus</i>, <i>Callipepla</i>, and allied genera, especially the bobwhite (called <i>Virginia quail</i>, and <i>Maryland quail</i>), and the California quail (<i>Calipepla Californica</i>).</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any one of numerous species of Turnix and allied genera, native of the Old World, as the Australian painted quail (<i>Turnix varius</i>). See <u>Turnix</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>A prostitute; — so called because the quail was thought to be a very amorous bird.</def>[Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Bustard quail</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a small Asiatic quail-like bird of the genus Turnix, as <i>T. taigoor</i>, a black-breasted species, and the hill <i>bustard quail</i> (<i>T. ocellatus</i>). See <u>Turnix</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Button quail</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>one of several small Asiatic species of Turnix, as <i>T. Sykesii</i>, which is said to be the smallest game bird of India.</cd> — <col><b>Mountain quail</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Mountain</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Quail call</b></col>, <cd>a call or pipe for alluring quails into a net or within range.</cd> — <col><b>Quail dove</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>any one of several American ground pigeons belonging to <i>Geotrygon</i> and allied genera.</cd> — <col><b>Quail hawk</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the New Zealand sparrow hawk (<i>Hieracidea Nov&aelig;-Hollandi&aelig;</i>).</cd> — <col><b>Quail pipe</b></col>. <cd>See <i>Quail call</i>, above.</cd> — <col><b>Quail snipe</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the dowitcher, or red-breasted snipe; — called also <i>robin snipe</i>, and <i>brown snipe</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Sea quail</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>the turnstone.</cd> [Local, U. S.]</p>

<p><! p. 1173 !></p>

<p><hw>Quail"y</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. <u>Quail</u> the bird.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The upland plover.</def> [Canadian]</p>

<p><hw>Quaint</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [OE. <i>queint</i>, <i>queynte</i>, <i>coint</i>, prudent, wise, cunning, pretty, odd, OF. <i>cointe</i> cultivated, amiable, agreeable, neat, fr. L. <i>cognitus</i> known, p. p. of <i>cognoscere</i> to know; <i>con + noscere</i> (for <i>gnoscere</i>) to know. See <u>Know</u>, and cf. <u>Acquaint</u>, <u>Cognition</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Prudent; wise; hence, crafty; artful; wily.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Clerks be full subtle and full <i>quaint</i>.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Characterized by ingenuity or art; finely fashioned; skillfully wrought; elegant; graceful; nice; neat.</def> [Archaic] " The <i>queynte</i> ring." " His <i>queynte</i> spear." <i>Chaucer.</i> " A shepherd young <i>quaint</i>." <i>Chapman.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Every look was coy and wondrous <i>quaint</i>.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>To show bow <i>quaint</i> an orator you are.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Curious and fanciful; affected; odd; whimsical; antique; archaic; singular; unusual; as, <i>quaint</i> architecture; a <i>quaint</i> expression.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Some stroke of <i>quaint</i> yet simple pleasantry.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>An old, long-faced, long-bodied servant in <i>quaint</i> livery.</blockquote> <i>W. Irving.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — <u>Quaint</u>, <u>Odd</u>, <u>Antique</u>. <i>Antique</i> is applied to that which has come down from the ancients, or which is made to imitate some ancient work of art. <i>Odd</i> implies disharmony, incongruity, or unevenness. An <i>odd</i> thing or person is an exception to general rules of calculation and procedure, or expectation and common experience. In the current use of <i>quaint</i>, the two ideas of <i>odd</i> and <i>antique</i> are combined, and the word is commonly applied to that which is pleasing by reason of both these qualities. Thus, we speak of the <i>quaint</i> architecture of many old buildings in London; or a <i>quaint</i> expression, uniting at once the antique and the fanciful.</p>

<p><hw>Quain"tise</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>cointise</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Craft; subtlety; cunning.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer. R. of Glouces.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Elegance; beauty.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Quaint"ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a quaint manner.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Quaint"ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality of being quaint.</def> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><hw>Quair</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See 3d <u>Quire</u>.] <def>A quire; a book.</def> [Obs.] "The king's <i>quhair</i>." <i>James I. (of Scotland).</i></p>

<p><hw>Quake</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Quaked</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Quaking</u>.] [AS. <i>cwacian</i>; cf. G. <i>quackeln</i>. Cf. <u>Quagmire</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To be agitated with quick, short motions continually repeated; to shake with fear, cold, etc.; to shudder; to tremble.</def> "<i>Quaking</i> for dread." <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>She stood <i>quaking</i> like the partridge on which the hawk is ready to seize.</blockquote> <i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To shake, vibrate, or quiver, either from not being solid, as soft, wet land, or from violent convulsion of any kind; as, the earth <i>quakes</i>; the mountains <i>quake</i>.</def> " Over <i>quaking</i> bogs." <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><hw>Quake</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [Cf. AS. <i>cweccan</i> to move, shake. See <u>Quake</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>] <def>To cause to quake.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Quake</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A tremulous agitation; a quick vibratory movement; a shudder; a quivering.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quak"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who quakes.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>One of a religious sect founded by George <u>Fox</u>, of Leicestershire, England, about 1650, — the members of which call themselves <i>Friends</i>. They were called Quakers, originally, in derision. See <u>Friend</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, 4.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Fox's teaching was primarily a preaching of repentance . . . The trembling among the listening crowd caused or confirmed the name of <i>Quakers</i> given to the body; men and women sometimes fell down and lay struggling as if for life.</blockquote> <i>Encyc. Brit.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The nankeen bird.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The sooty albatross.</def> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <def>Any grasshopper or locust of the genus (<i>Edipoda</i>; — so called from the quaking noise made during flight.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Quaker buttons</b></col>. <i>(Bot.)</i> <cd>See <u>Nux vomica</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Quaker gun</b></col>, <cd>a dummy cannon made of wood or other material; — so called because the sect of Friends, or Quakers, hold to the doctrine, of nonresistance.</cd> — <col><b>Quaker ladies</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>a low American biennial plant (<i>Houstonia c&aelig;rulea</i>), with pretty four- lobed corollas which are pale blue with a yellowish center; — also called <i>bluets</i>, and <i>little innocents</i>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Quak"er*ess</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A woman who is a member of the Society of Friends.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quak"er*ish</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Like or pertaining to a Quaker; Quakerlike.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quak"er*ism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The peculiar character, manners, tenets, etc., of the Quakers.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quak"er*like</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Like a Quaker.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quak"er*ly</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Resembling Quakers; Quakerlike; Quakerish.</def> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><hw>Quak"er*y</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Quakerism.</def> [Obs.] <i>Hallywell.</i></p>

<p><hw>Quake"tail`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A wagtail.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quak"i*ness</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The state of being quaky; liability to quake.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quak"ing</hw>, <def><pos><i>a. & n.</i></pos> from <u>Quake</u>, <pos><i>v.</i></pos></def></p>

<p><col><b>Quaking aspen</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>an American species of poplar (<i>Populus tremuloides</i>), the leaves of which tremble in the lightest breeze. It much resembles the European aspen. See <u>Aspen</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Quaking bog</b></col>, <cd>a bog of forming peat so saturated with water that it shakes when trodden upon.</cd> — <col><b>Quaking grass</b></col>. <i>(Bot.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <cd>One of several grasses of the genus <i>Briza</i>, having slender-stalked and pendulous ovate spikelets, which quake and rattle in the wind. <i>Briza maxima</i> is the large quaking grass; <i>B. media</i> and <i>B. minor</i> are the smaller kinds.</cd> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <cd>Rattlesnake grass (<i>Glyceria Canadensis</i>).</cd></p>

<p><hw>Quak"ing*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a quaking manner; fearfully.</def> <i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></p>

<p><hw>Quak"y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Shaky, or tremulous; quaking.</def></p>

<p><hw>Qual"i*fi`a*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Capable of being qualified; abatable; modifiable.</def> <i>Barrow.</i></p>

<p><hw>Qual`i*fi*ca"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>qualification</i>. See <u>Qualify</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of qualifying, or the condition of being qualified.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>That which qualifies; any natural endowment, or any acquirement, which fits a person for a place, office, or employment, or which enables him to sustian any character with success; an enabling quality or circumstance; requisite capacity or possession.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>There is no <i>qualification</i> for government but virtue and wisdom, actual or presumptive.</blockquote> <i>Burke.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>The act of limiting, or the state of being limited; that which qualifies by limiting; modification; restriction; hence, abatement; diminution; as, to use words without any <i>qualification</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Qual"i*fi*ca*tive</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>That which qualifies, modifies, or restricts; a qualifying term or statement.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>How many <i>qualificatives</i>, correctives, and restrictives he inserteth in this relation.</blockquote> <i>Fuller.</i></p>

<p><hw>Qual"i*fi*ca`tor</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [LL.] <i>(R. C. Ch.)</i> <def>An officer whose business it is to examine and prepare causes for trial in the ecclesiastical courts.</def></p>

<p><hw>Qual"i*fied</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Fitted by accomplishments or endowments.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Modified; limited; as, a <i>qualified</i> statement.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Qualified fee</b></col> <i>(Law)</i>, <cd>a base fee, or an estate which has a qualification annexed to it, the fee ceasing with the qualification, as a grant to A and his heirs, <i>tenants of the manor of Dale</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Qualified indorsement</b></col> <i>(Law)</i>, <cd>an indorsement which modifies the liability of the indorser that would result from the general principles of law, but does not affect the negotiability of the instrument.</cd> <i>Story.</i> — <col><b>Qualified negative</b></col> <i>(Legislation)</i>, <cd>a limited veto power, by which the chief executive in a constitutional government may refuse assent to bills passed by the legislative body, which bills therefore fail to become laws unless upon a reconsideration the legislature again passes them by a certain majority specified in the constitution, when they become laws without the approval of the executive.</cd> — <col><b>Qualified property</b></col> <i>(Law)</i>, <cd>that which depends on temporary possession, as that in wild animals reclaimed, or as in the case of a bailment.</cd></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Competent; fit; adapted. — <u>Qualified</u>, <u>Competent</u>. <i>Competent</i> is most commonly used with respect to native endowments and general ability suited to the performance of a task or duty; <i>qualified</i> with respect to specific acquirements and training.</p>

<p><hw>Qual"i*fied`ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In the way of qualification; with modification or qualification.</def></p>

<p><hw>Qual"i*fied`ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The state of being qualified.</def></p>

<p><hw>Qual"i*fi`er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who, or that which, qualifies; that which modifies, reduces, tempers or restrains.</def></p>

<p><hw>Qual"i*fy</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Qualified</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Qualifying</u> (?).] [F. <i>qualifier</i>, LL. <i>qualificare</i>, fr. L. <i>qualis</i> how constituted, as + <i>-ficare</i> (in comp.) to make. See <u>Quality</u>, and <u>-Fy</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To make such as is required; to give added or requisite qualities to; to fit, as for a place, office, occupation, or character; to furnish with the knowledge, skill, or other accomplishment necessary for a purpose; to make capable, as of an employment or privilege; to supply with legal power or capacity.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He had <i>qualified</i> himself for municipal office by taking the oaths to the sovereigns in possession.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To give individual quality to; to modulate; to vary; to regulate.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>It hath no larynx . . . to <i>qualify</i> the sound. </blockquote> <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To reduce from a general, undefined, or comprehensive form, to particular or restricted form; to modify; to limit; to restrict; to restrain; as, to <i>qualify</i> a statement, claim, or proposition.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Hence, to soften; to abate; to diminish; to assuage; to reduce the strength of, as liquors.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I do not seek to quench your love's hot fire,<BR> But <i>qualify</i> the fire's extreme rage.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>To soothe; to cure; — said of persons.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>In short space he has them <i>qualified</i>.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — To fit; equip; prepare; adapt; capacitate; enable; modify; soften; restrict; restrain; temper.</p>

<p><hw>Qual"i*fy</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To be or become qualified; to be fit, as for an office or employment.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To obtain legal power or capacity by taking the oath, or complying with the forms required, on assuming an office.</def></p>

<p><hw>Qual"i*ta*tive</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. LL. <i>gualitativus</i>, F. <i>qualitatif</i>.] <def>Relating to quality; having the character of quality.</def> — <wf>Qual"i*ta*tive*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><col><b>Qualitative analysis</b></col> <i>(Chem.)</i>, <cd>analysis which merely determines the constituents of a substance without any regard to the quantity of each ingredient; — contrasted with <i>quantitative analysis</i>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Qual"i*tied</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Furnished with qualities; endowed.</def> [Obs.] "He was well <i>qualitied</i>." <i>Chapman.</i></p>

<p><hw>Qual"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Qualities</b></plw> (#). [F. <i>qualit&eacute;</i>, L. <i>qualitas</i>, fr. <i>qualis</i> how constituted, as; akin to E. <i>which</i>. See <u>Which</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The condition of being of such and such a sort as distinguished from others; nature or character relatively considered, as of goods; character; sort; rank.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>We lived most joyful, obtaining acquaintance with many of the city not of the meanest <i>quality</i>.</blockquote> <i>Bacon</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Special or temporary character; profession; occupation; assumed or asserted rank, part, or position.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I made that inquiry in <i>quality</i> of an antiquary.</blockquote> <i>Gray.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>That which makes, or helps to make, anything such as it is; anything belonging to a subject, or predicable of it; distinguishing property, characteristic, or attribute; peculiar power, capacity, or virtue; distinctive trait; as, the tones of a flute differ from those of a violin in <i>quality</i>; the great <i>quality</i> of a statesman.</def></p>

<p>&fist; <i>Qualities</i>, in metaphysics, are <i>primary</i> or <i>secondary</i>. <i>Primary</i> are those essential to the existence, and even the conception, of the thing, as of matter or spirit <i>Secondary</i> are those not essential to such a conception.</p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>An acquired trait; accomplishment; acquisition.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He had those <i>qualities</i> of horsemanship, dancing, and fencing which accompany a good breeding.</blockquote> <i>Clarendon.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>Superior birth or station; high rank; elevated character.</def> "Persons of <i>quality</i>." <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Quality binding</b></col>, <cd>a kind of worsted tape used in Scotland for binding carpets, and the like.</cd> — <col><b>The quality</b></col>, <cd>those of high rank or station, as distinguished from <i>the masses</i>, or common people; the nobility; the gentry.</cd></p>

<p><blockquote>I shall appear at the masquerade dressed up in my feathers, that <i>the quality</i> may see how pretty they will look in their traveling habits.</blockquote> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Property; attribute; nature; peculiarity; character; sort; rank; disposition; temper.</p>

<p><hw>Qualm</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>cwealm</i> death, slaughter, pestilence, akin to OS. & OHG. <i>qualm</i>. See <u>Quail</u> to cower.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Sickness; disease; pestilence; death.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote> thousand slain and not of <i>qualm</i> ystorve [dead].</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A sudden attack of illness, faintness, or pain; an agony.</def> " <i>Qualms</i> of heartsick agony." <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Especially, a sudden sensation of nausea.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>For who, without a <i>qualm</i>, hath ever looked<BR> On holy garbage, though by Homer cooked?</blockquote> <i>Roscommon.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>A prick or scruple of conscience; uneasiness of conscience; compunction.</def> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Qualm"ish</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Sick at the stomach; affected with nausea or sickly languor; inclined to vomit.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p>— <wf>Qualm"ish*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Qualm"ish*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Quam"ash</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>See <u>Camass</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quam"o*clit</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?; a bean + &?; to bend, to slope.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Formerly, a genus of plants including the cypress vine (<i>Quamoclit vulgaris</i>, now called <i>Ipom&oelig;a Quamoclit</i>). The genus is now merged in Ipom&oelig;a.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quan"da*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Quandaries</b></plw> (#). [Prob. fr. OE. <i>wandreth</i> adversity, perplexity, Icel. <i>wandr&aelig;&eth;i</i> difficulty, trouble, fr. <i>vandr</i> difficult.] <def>A state of difficulty or perplexity; doubt; uncertainty.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quan"da*ry</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To bring into a state of uncertainty, perplexity, or difficulty.</def> [Obs.] <i>Otway.</i></p>

<p><hw>Quan"dong</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The edible drupaceous fruit of an Australian tree (<i>Fusanus acuminatus</i>) of the Sandalwood family; — called also <i>quandang</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quan"dy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Etymol. uncertain.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The old squaw.</def> [Local, U. S.]</p>

<p><hw>Quan"net</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A flat file having the handle at one side, so as to be used like a plane.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quant</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A punting pole with a broad flange near the end to prevent it from sinking into the mud; a setting pole.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quan"tic</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>quantus</i> how much. See <u>Quantity</u>.] <i>(Math.)</i> <def>A homogeneous algebraic function of two or more variables, in general containing only positive integral powers of the variables, and called <i>quadric</i>, <i>cubic</i>, <i>quartic</i>, etc., according as it is of the second, third, fourth, fifth, or a higher degree. These are further called <i>binary</i>, <i>ternary</i>, <i>quaternary</i>, etc., according as they contain two, three, four, or more variables; thus, the <i>quantic &?;</i> is a <i>binary cubic</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quan`ti*fi*ca"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Quantity</u>.] <def>Modification by a reference to quantity; the introduction of the element of quantity.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>quantification</i> of the predicate belongs in part to Sir William Hamilton; viz., in its extension to negative propositions.</blockquote> <i>De Quincey.</i></p>

<p><hw>Quan"ti*fy</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [L. <i>quantus</i> now much + <i>-fy</i>.] <def>To modify or qualify with respect to quantity; to fix or express the quantity of; to rate.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quan"ti*ta*tive</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>quantitatif</i>.] <def>Relating to quantity.</def> — <wf>Quan"ti*ta*tive*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><col><b>Quantitative analysis</b></col> <i>(Chem.)</i>, <cd>analysis which determines the amount or quantity of each ingredient of a substance, by weight or by volume; — contrasted with <i>qualitative analysis</i>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Quan"ti*tive</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See <u>Quantity</u>.] <def>Estimable according to quantity; quantitative.</def> <i>Sir K. Digby.</i></p>

<p><hw>Quan"ti*tive*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>So as to be measurable by quantity; quantitatively.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quan"ti*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Quantities</b></plw> (#). [F. <i>quantite</i>, L. <i>quantitas</i>, fr. <i>quantus</i> bow great, how much, akin to <i>quam</i> bow, E. <i>how</i>, <i>who</i>. See <u>Who</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The attribute of being so much, and not more or less; the property of being measurable, or capable of increase and decrease, multiplication and division; greatness; and more concretely, that which answers the question "How much?"; measure in regard to bulk or amount; determinate or comparative dimensions; measure; amount; bulk; extent; size.</def> Hence, in specific uses: <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <i>(Logic)</i> <def>The extent or extension of a general conception, that is, the number of species or individuals to which it may be applied; also, its content or comprehension, that is, the number of its constituent qualities, attributes, or relations.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <i>(Gram.)</i> <def>The measure of a syllable; that which determines the time in which it is pronounced; as, the long or short <i>quantity</i> of a vowel or syllable.</def> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <i>(Mus.)</i> <def>The relative duration of a tone.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>That which can be increased, diminished, or measured; especially <i>(Math.)</i>, anything to which mathematical processes are applicable.</def></p>

<p>&fist; Quantity is <i>discrete</i> when it is applied to separate objects, as in number; <i>continuous</i>, when the parts are connected, either in succession, as in time, motion, etc., or in extension, as by the dimensions of space, viz., length, breadth, and thickness.</p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A determinate or estimated amount; a sum or bulk; a certain portion or part; sometimes, a considerable amount; a large portion, bulk, or sum; as, a medicine taken in <i>quantities</i>, that is, in large quantities.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>quantity</i> of extensive and curious information which he had picked up during many months of desultory, but not unprofitable, study.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Quantity of estate</b></col> <i>(Law)</i>, <cd>its time of continuance, or degree of interest, as in fee, for life, or for years.</cd> <i>Wharton (Law Dict. )</i> — <col><b>Quantity of matter</b></col>, <cd>in a body, its mass, as determined by its weight, or by its momentum under a given velocity.</cd> — <col><b>Quantity of motion</b></col> <i>(Mech.)</i>, <cd>in a body, the relative amount of its motion, as measured by its momentum, varying as the product of mass and velocity.</cd> — <col><b>Known quantities</b></col> <i>(Math.)</i>, <cd>quantities whose values are given.</cd> — <col><b>Unknown quantities</b></col> <i>(Math.)</i>, <cd>quantities whose values are sought.</cd></p>

<p><! p. 1174 !></p>

<p><hw>Quan*tiv"a*lence</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>quant</i>us how much + E. <i>valence</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Valence.</def> [Archaic]</p>

<p><hw>Quan*tiv"a*lent</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to quantivalence.</def> [Archaic]</p>

<p><hw>Quan"tum</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Quanta</b></plw> (#). [L., neuter of <i>quantus</i> how great, how much. See <u>Quantity</u>,] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Quantity; amount.</def> "Without authenticating . . . the <i>quantum</i> of the charges." <i>Burke.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Math.)</i> <def>A definite portion of a manifoldness, limited by a mark or by a boundary.</def> <i>W. K. Clifford.</i></p>

<p><col><b>||Quantum meruit</b></col> (&?;) [L., as much as he merited] <i>(Law)</i>, <cd>a count in an action grounded on a promise that the defendant would pay to the plaintiff for his service as much as he should deserve.</cd> — <col><b>||Quantum sufficit</b></col> (&?;), or <col><b>Quantum suff.</b></col> [L., as much suffices] <i>(Med.)</i>, <cd>a sufficient quantity.</cd> — <col><b>||Quantum valebat</b></col> (&?;) [L., as much at it was worth] <i>(Law)</i>, <cd>a count in an action to recover of the defendant, for goods sold, as much as they were worth.</cd> <i>Blackstone.</i></p>

<p><hw>Quap</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To quaver.</def> [Obs.] See <u>Quob</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Qua`qua*ver"sal</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>quaqua</i> wheresoever, whithersoever + <i>versus</i>, p. p. of <i>vertere</i> to turn.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Turning or dipping in any or every direction.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Geol.)</i> <def>Dipping toward all points of the compass round a center, as beds of lava round a crater.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quar</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A quarry.</def> [Prov. Eng.] <i>B. Jonson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Quar"an*tine</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>quarantaine</i>, OF. <i>quaranteine</i>, fr. F. <i>quarante</i> forty, L. <i>quadraginta</i>, akin to <i>quattuor</i> four, and E. <i>four</i>: cf. It. <i>quarantina</i>, <i>quarentine</i>. See <u>Four</u>, and cf. <u>Quadragesima</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A space of forty days; — used of Lent.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Specifically, the term, originally of forty days, during which a ship arriving in port, and suspected of being infected a malignant contagious disease, is obliged to forbear all intercourse with the shore; hence, such restraint or inhibition of intercourse; also, the place where infected or prohibited vessels are stationed.</def></p>

<p>&fist; <i>Quarantine</i> is now applied also to any forced stoppage of travel or communication on account of malignant contagious disease, on land as well as by sea.</p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Eng. Law)</i> <def>The period of forty days during which the widow had the privilege of remaining in the mansion house of which her husband died seized.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Quarantine flag</b></col>, <cd>a yellow flag hoisted at the fore of a vessel or hung from a building, to give warning of an infectious disease; — called also the <i>yellow jack</i>, and <i>yellow flag</i>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Quar`an*tine"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Quarantined</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Quarantining</u>.] <def>To compel to remain at a distance, or in a given place, without intercourse, when suspected of having contagious disease; to put under, or in, quarantine.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quarl</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. G. <i>qualle</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A medusa, or jellyfish.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>The jellied <i>quarl</i> that flings<BR> At once a thousand streaming stings.</blockquote> <i>J. R. Drake.</i></p>

<p><hw>Quar"rel</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>quarel</i>, OF. <i>quarrel</i>, F. <i>carreau</i>, LL. <i>quadrellus</i>, from L. <i>quadrus</i> square. See <u>Quadrate</u>, and cf. <u>Quadrel</u>, <u>Quarry</u> an arrow, <u>Carrel</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>An arrow for a crossbow; — so named because it commonly had a square head.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>To shoot with arrows and <i>quarrel</i>.</blockquote> <i>Sir J. Mandeville.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Two arblasts, . . . with windlaces and <i>quarrels</i>.</blockquote> <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>Any small square or quadrangular member</def>; as: <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A square of glass, esp. when set diagonally.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A small opening in window tracery, of which the cusps, etc., make the form nearly square.</def> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <def>A square or lozenge-shaped paving tile.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A glazier's diamond.</def> <i>Simmonds.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>A four-sided cutting tool or chisel having a diamond-shaped end.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quar"rel</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>querele</i>, OF. <i>querele</i>, F. <i>querelle</i>, fr. L. <i>querela</i>, <i>querella</i>, a complaint, fr. <i>queri</i> to complain. See <u>Querulous</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A breach of concord, amity, or obligation; a falling out; a difference; a disagreement; an antagonism in opinion, feeling, or conduct; esp., an angry dispute, contest, or strife; a brawl; an altercation; as, he had a <i>quarrel</i> with his father about expenses.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I will bring a sword upon you that shall avenge the <i>quarrel</i> of my covenant.</blockquote> <i>Lev. xxvi. 25.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>On open seas their <i>quarrels</i> they debate.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Ground of objection, dislike, difference, or hostility; cause of dispute or contest; occasion of altercation.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Herodias had a <i>quarrel</i> against him, and would have killed him.</blockquote> <i>Mark vi. 19.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>No man hath any <i>quarrel</i> to me.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>He thought he had a good <i>quarrel</i> to attack him.</blockquote> <i>Holinshed.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Earnest desire or longing.</def> [Obs.] <i>Holland.</i></p>

<p><col><b>To pick a quarrel</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Pick</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos></cd></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Brawl; broil; squabble; affray; feud; tumult; contest; dispute; altercation; contention; wrangle.</p>

<p><hw>Quar"rel</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Quarreled</u> (?) or <u>Quarrelled</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Quarreling</u> or <u>Quarrelling</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To violate concord or agreement; to have a difference; to fall out; to be or become antagonistic.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Our people <i>quarrel</i> with obedience.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>But some defect in her<BR> Did <i>quarrel</i> with the noblest grace she owed.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To dispute angrily, or violently; to wrangle; to scold; to altercate; to contend; to fight.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Beasts called sociable <i>quarrel</i> in hunger and lust.</blockquote> <i>Sir W. Temple.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To find fault; to cavil; as, to <i>quarrel</i> with one's lot.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I will not <i>quarrel</i> with a slight mistake.</blockquote> <i>Roscommon.</i></p>

<p><hw>Quar"rel</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To quarrel with.</def> [R.] "I had <i>quarelled</i> my brother purposely." <i>B. Jonson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To compel by a quarrel; as, to <i>quarrel</i> a man out of his estate or rights.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quar"rel</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Written also <i>quarreller</i>.] <def>One who quarrels or wrangles; one who is quarrelsome.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Quar"rel*et</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A little quarrel. See 1st <u>Quarrel</u>, 2.</def> [Obs.] "<i>Quarrelets</i> of pearl [teeth]." <i>Herrick.</i></p>

<p><hw>Quar"rel*ing</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Engaged in a quarrel; apt or disposed to quarrel; as, <i>quarreling</i> factions; a <i>quarreling</i> mood.</def> — <wf>Quar"rel*ing*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Quar"rel*lous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [OF. <i>querelous</i>, F. <i>querelleux</i>, L. <i>querulosus</i> and <i>querulus</i>, fr. <i>queri</i> to complain. See 2d <u>Quarrel</u>.] <def>Quarrelsome.</def> [Obs.] [Written also <i>quarrellous</i>.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Quar"rel*some</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Apt or disposed to quarrel; given to brawls and contention; easily irritated or provoked to contest; irascible; choleric.</def></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Pugnacious; irritable; irascible; brawling; choleric; fiery; petulant.</p>

<p>— <wf>Quar"rel*some*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Quar"rel*some*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Quar"ried</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Provided with prey.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Now I am bravely <i>quarried</i>.</blockquote> <i>Beau. & Fl.</i></p>

<p><hw>Quar"ri*er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A worker in a stone quarry.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quar"ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>quarre</i>, OF. <i>quarr&eacute;</i> square, F. <i>carr&eacute;</i>, from L. <i>quadratus</i> square, quadrate, <i>quadratum</i> a square. See <u>Quadrate</u>, and cf. <u>Quarrel</u> an arrow.] <def>Same as 1st <u>Quarrel</u>.</def> [Obs.] <i>Fairfax.</i></p>

<p><hw>Quar"ry</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [OF. <i>quarr&eacute;</i>.] <def>Quadrate; square.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Quar"ry</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Quarries</b></plw> (#). [OE. <i>querre</i>, OF. <i>cuiri&eacute;e</i>, F. <i>cur&eacute;e</i>, fr. <i>cuir</i> hide, leather, fr. L. <i>corium</i>; the <i>quarry</i> given to the dogs being wrapped in the akin of the beast. See <u>Cuirass</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A part of the entrails of the beast taken, given to the hounds.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A heap of game killed.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The object of the chase; the animal hunted for; game; especially, the game hunted with hawks.</def> "The stone- dead <i>quarry</i>." <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The wily <i>quarry</i> shunned the shock.</blockquote> <i>Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><hw>Quar"ry</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To secure prey; to prey, as a vulture or harpy.</def> <i>L'Estrange.</i></p>

<p><hw>Quar"ry</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>quarrere</i>, OF. <i>quariere</i>, F. <i>carri&egrave;re</i>, LL. <i>quadraria</i> a quarry, whence squared (<i>quadrati</i>) stones are dug, fr. <i>quadratus</i> square. See <u>Quadrate</u>.] <def>A place, cavern, or pit where stone is taken from the rock or ledge, or dug from the earth, for building or other purposes; a stone pit. See 5th <u>Mine</u> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quar"ry</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Quarried</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Quarrying</u>.] <def>To dig or take from a quarry; as, to <i>quarry</i> marble.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quar"ry-faced`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Stone Masonry)</i> <def>Having a face left as it comes from the quarry and not smoothed with the chisel or point; — said of stones.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quar"ry-man</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Quarrymen</b></plw> (&?;). <def>A man who is engaged in quarrying stones; a quarrier.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quart</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>quart</i>, n. masc., fr. L. <i>quartus</i> the fourth, akin to <i>quattuor</i> four. See <u>Four</u>, and cf. 2d <u>Carte</u>, <u>Quarto</u>.] <def>The fourth part; a quarter; hence, a region of the earth.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Camber did possess the western <i>quart</i>.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Quart</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>quarte</i>, n. fem., fr. <i>quart</i> fourth. See <u>Quart</u> a quarter.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A measure of capacity, both in dry and in liquid measure; the fourth part of a gallon; the eighth part of a peck; two pints.</def></p>

<p>&fist; In imperial measure, a quart is forty English fluid ounces; in wine measure, it is thirty-two American fluid ounces. The United States dry quart contains 67.20 cubic inches, the fluid quart 57.75. The English quart contains 69.32 cubic inches.</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A vessel or measure containing a quart.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quart</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Quart</u> a quarter.] <def>In cards, four successive cards of the same suit. Cf. <u>Tierce</u>, 4.</def> <i>Hoyle.</i></p>

<p><hw>Quar"tan</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [F. <i>quartain</i>, in <i>fi&egrave;vre quartaine</i>, L. <i>quartanus</i>, fr. <i>quartus</i> the fourth. See <u>Quart</u>.] <def>Of or pertaining to the fourth; occurring every fourth day, reckoning inclusively; as, a <i>quartan</i> ague, or fever.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quar"tan</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>An intermittent fever which returns every fourth day, reckoning inclusively, that is, one in which the interval between paroxysms is two days.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A measure, the fourth part of some other measure.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quar"tane</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>quartus</i> the fourth.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Butane, each molecule of which has four carbon atoms.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quar*ta"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>quartus</i> the fourth: cf. F. <i>quartation</i>. So called because usually enough silver is added to make the amount of gold in the alloyed button about one <i>fourth</i>.] <i>(Chem. & Assaying)</i> <def>The act, process, or result (in the <i>process</i> of parting) of alloying a button of nearly pure gold with enough silver to reduce the fineness so as to allow acids to attack and remove all metals except the gold; — called also <i>inquartation</i>. Compare <u>Parting</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Quarte</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F.] <def>Same as 2d <u>Carte</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quar"tene</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Ouart</i>ane + ethyl<i>ene</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Butylene</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quar"ten*yl"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Quartene</i> + <i>-yl</i> + <i>-ic</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, an acid of the acrylic acid series, metameric with crotonic acid, and obtained as a colorless liquid; — so called from having four carbon atoms in the molecule. Called also <i>isocrotonic acid</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quar"ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>quartier</i>, L. <i>quartarius</i> a fourth part, fr. <i>quartus</i> the fourth. See <u>Quart</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One of four equal parts into which anything is divided, or is regarded as divided; a fourth part or portion; as, a <i>quarter</i> of a dollar, of a pound, of a yard, of an hour, etc.</def> Hence, specifically: <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The fourth of a hundred-weight, being 25 or 28 pounds, according as the hundredweight is reckoned at 100 or 112 pounds.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The fourth of a ton in weight, or eight bushels of grain; as, a <i>quarter</i> of wheat; also, the fourth part of a chaldron of coal.</def> <i>Hutton.</i> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <i>(Astron.)</i> <def>The fourth part of the moon's period, or monthly revolution; as, the first <i>quarter</i> after the change or full.</def> <sd><i>(d)</i></sd> <def>One limb of a quadruped with the adjacent parts; one fourth part of the carcass of a slaughtered animal, including a leg; as, the fore <i>quarters</i>; the hind <i>quarters</i>.</def> <sd><i>(e)</i></sd> <def>That part of a boot or shoe which forms the side, from the heel to the vamp.</def> <sd><i>(f)</i></sd> <i>(Far.)</i> <def>That part on either side of a horse's hoof between the toe and heel, being the side of the coffin.</def> <sd><i>(g)</i></sd> <def>A term of study in a seminary, college, etc, etc.; properly, a fourth part of the year, but often longer or shorter.</def> <sd><i>(h)</i></sd> <i>pl.</i> <i>(Mil.)</i> <def>The encampment on one of the principal passages round a place besieged, to prevent relief and intercept convoys.</def> <sd><i>(i)</i></sd> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>The after-part of a vessel's side, generally corresponding in extent with the quarter-deck; also, the part of the yardarm outside of the slings.</def> <sd><i>(j)</i></sd> <i>(Her.)</i> <def>One of the divisions of an escutcheon when it is divided into four portions by a horizontal and a perpendicular line meeting in the fess point.</def></p>

<p>&fist; When two coats of arms are united upon one escutcheon, as in case of marriage, the first and fourth quarters display one shield, the second and third the other. See <u>Quarter</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>, 5.</p>

<p><sd><i>(k)</i></sd> One of the four parts into which the horizon is regarded as divided; a cardinal point; a direction' principal division; a region; a territory.</p>

<p><blockquote>Scouts each coast light-armed scour,<BR> Each <i>quarter</i>, to descry the distant foe.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sd><i>(l)</i></sd> <def>A division of a town, city, or county; a particular district; a locality; as, the Latin <i>quarter</i> in Paris.</def> <sd><i>(m)</i></sd> <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>A small upright timber post, used in partitions; — in the United States more commonly called <i>stud</i>.</def> <sd><i>(n)</i></sd> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>The fourth part of the distance from one point of the compass to another, being the fourth part of 11&deg; 15&prime;, that is, about 2&deg; 49&prime;; — called also <i>quarter point</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Proper station; specific place; assigned position; special location.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Swift to their several <i>quarters</i> hasted then<BR> The cumbrous elements.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p>Hence, specifically: <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>A station at which officers and men are posted in battle; — usually in the plural.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>Place of lodging or temporary residence; shelter; entertainment; — usually in the plural.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The banter turned as to what <i>quarters</i> each would find.</blockquote> <i>W. Irving.</i></p>

<p><sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <i>pl.</i> <i>(Mil.)</i> <def>A station or encampment occupied by troops; a place of lodging for soldiers or officers; as, winter <i>quarters</i>.</def> <sd><i>(d)</i></sd> <def>Treatment shown by an enemy; mercy; especially, the act of sparing the life a conquered enemy; a refraining from pushing one's advantage to extremes.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He magnified his own clemency, now they were at his mercy, to offer them <i>quarter</i> for their lives.</blockquote> <i>Clarendon.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Cocks and lambs . . . at the mercy of cats and wolves . . . must never expect better <i>quarter</i>.</blockquote> <i>L'Estrange.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Friendship; amity; concord.</def> [Obs.] <i>To keep quarter</i>, to keep one's proper place, and so be on good terms with another. [Obs.] </p>

<p><blockquote>In <i>quarter</i>, and in terms like bride and groom.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>I knew two that were competitors for the secretary's place, . . . and yet <i>kept</i> good <i>quarter</i> between themselves.</blockquote> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><col><b>False quarter</b></col>, <cd>a cleft in the quarter of a horse's foot.</cd> — <col><b>Fifth quarter</b></col>, <cd>the hide and fat; — a butcher's term.</cd> — <col><b>On the quarter</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>in a direction between abeam and astern; opposite, or nearly opposite, a vessel's quarter.</cd> — <col><b>Quarter aspect</b></col>. <i>(Astrol.)</i> <cd>Same as <u>Quadrate</u>.</cd> - - <col><b>Quarter back</b></col> <i>(Football)</i>, <cd>the player who has position next behind center rush, and receives the ball on the snap back.</cd> — <col><b>Quarter badge</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>an ornament on the side of a vessel near, the stern.</cd> <i>Mar. Dict.</i> — <col><b>Quarter bill</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>a list specifying the different stations to be taken by the officers and crew in time of action, and the names of the men assigned to each.</cd> — <col><b>Quarter block</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>a block fitted under the quarters of a yard on each side of the slings, through which the clew lines and sheets are reeved.</cd> <i>R. H. Dana, Jr.</i> — <col><b>Quarter boat</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>a boat hung at a vessel's quarter.</cd> — <col><b>Quarter cloths</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>long pieces of painted canvas, used to cover the quarter netting.</cd> — <col><b>Quarter day</b></col>, <cd>a day regarded as terminating a quarter of the year; hence, one on which any payment, especially rent, becomes due. In matters influenced by United States statutes, quarter days are the first days of January, April, July, and October. In New York and many other places, as between landlord and tenant, they are the first days of May, August, November, and February. The quarter days usually recognized in England are 25th of March (Lady Day), the 24th of June (Midsummer Day), the 29th of September (Michaelmas Day), and the 25th of December (Christmas Day).</cd> — <col><b>Quarter face</b></col>, <cd>in fine arts, portrait painting, etc., a face turned away so that but one quarter is visible.</cd> — <col><b>Quarter gallery</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>a balcony on the quarter of a ship. See <u>Gallery</u>, 4.</cd> — <col><b>Quarter gunner</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>a petty officer who assists the gunner.</cd> — <col><b>Quarter look</b></col>, <cd>a side glance.</cd> [Obs.] <i>B. Jonson.</i> — <col><b>Quarter nettings</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>hammock nettings along the quarter rails.</cd> — <col><b>Quarter note</b></col> <i>(Mus.)</i>, <cd>a note equal in duration to half a minim or a fourth of semibreve; a crochet.</cd> — <col><b>Quarter pieces</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>several pieces of timber at the after-part of the quarter gallery, near the taffrail.</cd> <i>Totten.</i> — <col><b>Quarter point</b></col>. <i>(Naut.)</i> <cd>See <u>Quarter</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, 1 <sd><i>(n)</i></sd>.</cd> — <col><b>Quarter railing</b></col>, or <col><b>Quarter rails</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>narrow molded planks reaching from the top of the stern to the gangway, serving as a fence to the quarter-deck.</cd> — <col><b>Quarter sessions</b></col> <i>(Eng. Law)</i>, <cd>a general court of criminal jurisdiction held quarterly by the justices of peace in counties and by the recorders in boroughs.</cd> — <col><b>Quarter square</b></col> <i>(Math.)</i>, <cd>the fourth part of the square of a number. Tables of quarter squares have been devised to save labor in multiplying numbers.</cd> — <col><b>Quarter turn</b></col>, <col><b>Quarter turn belt</b></col> <i>(Mach.)</i>, <cd>an arrangement in which a belt transmits motion between two shafts which are at right angles with each other.</cd> — <col><b>Quarter watch</b></col> <i>(Naut.)</i>, <cd>a subdivision of the full watch (one fourth of the crew) on a man-of- war.</cd> — <col><b>To give</b></col>, or <col><b>show</b></col>, <col><b>quarter</b></col> <i>(Mil.)</i>, <cd>to accept as prisoner, on submission in battle; to forbear to kill, as a vanquished enemy.</cd> — <col><b>To keep quarter</b></col>. <cd>See <u>Quarter</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, 3.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Quar"ter</hw> (kw&auml;r"t&etilde;r), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Quartered</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Quartering</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To divide into four equal parts.</def></p>

<p><! p. 1175 !></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To divide; to separate into parts or regions.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Then sailors <i>quartered</i> heaven.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To furnish with shelter or entertainment; to supply with the means of living for a time; especially, to furnish shelter to; as, to <i>quarter</i> soldiers.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>They mean this night in Sardis to be <i>quartered</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To furnish as a portion; to allot.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>This isle . . . <BR> He <i>quarters</i> to his blue-haired deities.</blockquote> <i> Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <i>(Her.)</i> <def>To arrange (different coats of arms) upon one escutcheon, as when a man inherits from both father and mother the right to bear arms.</def></p>

<p>&fist; When only two coats of arms are so combined they are arranged in four compartments. See <u>Quarter</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, 1 <sd><i>(f)</i></sd>.</p>

<p><hw>Quar"ter</hw> (kw&auml;r"t&etilde;r), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To lodge; to have a temporary residence.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quar"ter</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [F. <i>cartayer</i>.] <def>To drive a carriage so as to prevent the wheels from going into the ruts, or so that a rut shall be between the wheels.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Every creature that met us would rely on us for <i>quartering</i>.</blockquote> <i>De Quincey.</i></p>

<p><hw>Quar"ter*age</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A quarterly allowance.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quar"ter-deck`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>That part of the upper deck abaft the mainmast, including the poop deck when there is one.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The quarter-deck is reserved as a promenade for the officers and (in passenger vessels) for the cabin passengers.</p>

<p><hw>Quar"ter*foil`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Quarier</i> + <i>foil</i>: cf. F. <i>quatre</i>.] <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>An ornamental foliation having four lobes, or foils.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quar"ter*hung`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Ordnance)</i> <def>Having trunnions the axes of which lie below the bore; — said of a cannon.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quar"ter*ing</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>Coming from a point well abaft the beam, but not directly astern; — said of waves or any moving object.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Mach.)</i> <def>At right angles, as the cranks of a locomotive, which are in planes forming a right angle with each other.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quar"ter*ing</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A station.</def> [Obs.] <i>Bp. Montagu.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Assignment of quarters for soldiers; quarters.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Her.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The division of a shield containing different coats of arms into four or more compartments.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>One of the different coats of arms arranged upon an escutcheon, denoting the descent of the bearer.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>A series of quarters, or small upright posts. See <u>Quarter</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, 1 <sd><i>(m)</i></sd> <i>(Arch.)</i></def> <i>Gwilt.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Quartering block</b></col>, <cd>a block on which the body of a condemned criminal was quartered.</cd> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><hw>Quar"ter*ly</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Containing, or consisting of, a fourth part; as, <i>quarterly</i> seasons.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Recurring during, or at the end of, each quarter; as, <i>quarterly</i> payments of rent; a <i>quarterly</i> meeting.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quar"ter*ly</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Quarterlies</b></plw> (&?;). <def>A periodical work published once a quarter, or four times in a year.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quar"ter*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>By quarters; once in a quarter of a year; as, the returns are made <i>quarterly</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Her.)</i> <def>In quarters, or quarterings; as, to bear arms <i>quarterly</i>; in four or more parts; — said of a shield thus divided by lines drawn through it at right angles.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quar"ter*mas`ter</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Quarter</i> + <i>master</i>: cf. F. <i>quartier-ma&icirc;tre</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Mil.)</i> <def>An officer whose duty is to provide quarters, provisions, storage, clothing, fuel, stationery, and transportation for a regiment or other body of troops, and superintend the supplies.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>A petty officer who attends to the helm, binnacle, signals, and the like, under the direction of the master.</def> <i>Totten.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Quartermaster general</b></col> <i>(Mil.)</i>, <cd>in the United States a staff officer, who has the rank of brigadier general and is the chief officer in the quartermaster's department; in England, an officer of high rank stationed at the War Office having similar duties; also, a staff officer, usually a general officer, accompanying each complete army in the field.</cd> — <col><b>Quartermaster sergeant</b></col>. <cd>See <u>Sergeant</u>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Quar"tern</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>[OE. <i>quarteroun</i>, <i>quartron</i>, F. <i>quarteron</i>, the fourth part of a pound, or of a hundred; cf. L. <i>quartarius</i> a fourth part, quarter of any measure, quartern, gill. See <u>Quarter</u>, and cf. <u>Quarteron</u>, <u>Quadroon</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A quarter. Specifically: <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> The fourth part of a pint; a gill. <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> The fourth part of a peck, or of a stone (14 ibs.).</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A loaf of bread weighing about four pounds; — called also <i>quartern loaf</i>.</def> <i>Simmonds.</i></p>

<p><hw>Quar"ter*on</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. See <u>Quartern</u>.] <def>A quarter; esp., a quarter of a pound, or a quarter of a hundred.</def> <i>Piers Plowman.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Quar"ter*on</hw> (?), <hw>Quar"ter*oon</hw> (?) }, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A quadroon.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quar"ter*pace`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>A platform of a staircase where the stair turns at a right angle only. See <u>Halfpace</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quar"ter round`</hw> (?). <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>An ovolo.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quar"ter*staff`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Quarterstaves</b></plw> (&?;). <def>A long and stout staff formerly used as a weapon of defense and offense; — so called because in holding it one hand was placed in the middle, and the other between the middle and the end.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Quar*tet"</hw>, <hw>Quar*tette"</hw> } (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [It. <i>quartetto</i>, dim. of quarto the fourth, a fourth part, fr. L. <i>quartus</i> the fourth. See <u>Quart</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Mus.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A composition in four parts, each performed by a single voice or instrument.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The set of four person who perform a piece of music in four parts.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Poet.)</i> <def>A stanza of four lines.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quar"tic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>quartus</i> fourth.] <i>(Mach.)</i> <def>Of the fourth degree.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quar"tic</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <i>(Alg.)</i> <def>A quantic of the fourth degree. See <u>Quantic</u>.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <i>(Geom.)</i> <def>A curve or surface whose equation is of the fourth degree in the variables.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quar"tile</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>quartile aspect</i>, fr. L. <i>quartus</i> the fourth. See <u>Quart</u>.] <i>(Astrol.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Quadrate</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quar"tine</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., fr. L. <i>quartus</i> the fourth.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A supposed fourth integument of an ovule, counting from the outside.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quar"to</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>in quarto</i> in fourth, from <i>quartus</i> the fourth: cf. F. (<i>in</i>) <i>quarto</i>. See <u>Quart</u>.] <def>Having four leaves to the sheet; of the form or size of a quarto.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quar"to</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Quartos</b></plw> (&?;). <def>Originally, a book of the size of the fourth of sheet of printing paper; a size leaves; in present usage, a book of a square or nearly square form, and usually of large size.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quar"tridge</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Quarterage.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Quartz</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [G. <i>quarz</i>.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>A form of silica, or silicon dioxide (SiO<sub>2</sub>), occurring in hexagonal crystals, which are commonly colorless and transparent, but sometimes also yellow, brown, purple, green, and of other colors; also in cryptocrystalline massive forms varying in color and degree of transparency, being sometimes opaque.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The crystalline varieties include: <i>amethyst</i>, <i>violet</i>; <i>citrine</i> and <i>false topaz</i>, pale yellow; <i>rock crystal</i>, transparent and colorless or nearly so; <i>rose quartz</i>, rosecolored; <i>smoky quartz</i>, smoky brown. The chief crypto-crystalline varieties are: <i>agate</i>, a chalcedony in layers or clouded with different colors, including the <i>onyx</i> and <i>sardonyx</i>; <i>carnelian</i> and <i>sard</i>, red or flesh- colored chalcedony; <i>chalcedony</i>, nearly white, and waxy in luster; <i>chrysoprase</i>, an apple-green chalcedony; <i>flint</i>, <i>hornstone</i>, <i>basanite</i>, or <i>touchstone</i>, brown to black in color and compact in texture; <i>heliotrope</i>, green dotted with red; <i>jasper</i>, opaque, red yellow, or brown, colored by iron or ferruginous clay; <i>prase</i>, translucent and dull leek-green. Quartz is an essential constituent of granite, and abounds in rocks of all ages. It forms the rocks quartzite (<i>quartz rock</i>) and sandstone, and makes most of the sand of the seashore.</p>

<p><hw>Quartz*if"er*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Quartz</i> + <i>-ferous</i>.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>Consisting chiefly of quartz; containing quartz.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quartz"ite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>quartzite</i>.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>Massive quartz occurring as a rock; a metamorphosed sandstone; — called also <i>quartz rock</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quartz"oid</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Quartz</i> + <i>- oid</i>.] <i>(Crystallog.)</i> <def>A form of crystal common with quartz, consisting of two six-sided pyramids, base to base.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quartz"ose`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>quartzeux</i>, G. <i>quarzig</i>.] <i>(Min.)</i> <def>Containing, or resembling, quartz; partaking of the nature or qualities of quartz.</def></p>

<p><hw>quartz"ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Min.)</i> <def>Quarzose.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quartz"y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Min.)</i> <def>Quartzose.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quas</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A kind of beer. Same as <u>Quass</u>.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Quas"chi</hw> (?), <hw>Quas"je</hw> (?) }, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The brown coati. See <u>Coati</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quash</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Squash</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quash</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Quashed</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Quashing</u>.] [OF. <i>quasser</i>, F. <i>casser</i>, fr. L. <i>cassare</i> to annihilate, annul, fr. <i>cassus</i> empty, vain, of uncertain origin. The word has been confused with L. <i>quassare</i> to shake, F. <i>casser</i> to break, which is probably of different origin. Cf. <u>Cashier</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>] <i>(Law)</i> <def>To abate, annul, overthrow, or make void; as, to <i>quash</i> an indictment.</def> <i>Blackstone.</i></p>

<p><hw>Quash</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [OF. <i>quasser</i>, F. <i>casser</i>, fr. L. <i>quassare</i> to shake, shatter, shiver, v. intens. fr. <i>quatere</i>, <i>quassum</i>, to shake, shatter. Cf. <u>Concussion</u>, <u>Discuss</u>, <u>Rescue</u>, and also <u>Quash</u> to annul.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To beat down, or beat in pieces; to dash forcibly; to crush.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The whales<BR> Against sharp rocks, like reeling vessels, <i>quashed</i>,<BR> Though huge as mountains, are in pieces dashed.</blockquote> <i>Waller.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To crush; to subdue; to suppress or extinguish summarily and completely; as, to <i>quash</i> a rebellion.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Contrition is apt to <i>quash</i> or allay all worldly grief.</blockquote> <i>Barrow.</i></p>

<p><hw>Quash</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To be shaken, or dashed about, with noise.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quash"ee</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A negro of the West Indies.</def></p>

<p><hw>Qua"si</hw> (?). [L.] <def>As if; as though; as it were; in a manner sense or degree; having some resemblance to; qualified; — used as an adjective, or a prefix with a noun or an adjective; as, a <i>quasi</i> contract, an implied contract, an obligation which has arisen from some act, as if from a contract; a <i>quasi</i> corporation, a body that has some, but not all, of the peculiar attributes of a corporation; a <i>quasi</i> argument, that which resembles, or is used as, an argument; <i>quasi</i> historical, apparently historical, seeming to be historical.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quas`i*mo"do</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [So called from the first words of the Latin introit, <i>quasi modo geniti infantes</i> as newborn babes, <i>1 Pet. ii. 2.</i>] <i>(R. C. Ch.)</i> <def>The first Sunday after Easter; Low Sunday.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quass</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Russ. <i>kvas'</i>.] <def>A thin, sour beer, made by pouring warm water on rye or barley meal and letting it ferment, — much used by the Russians.</def> [written also <i>quas</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Quas*sa"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>quassatio</i>, from <i>quassare</i> to shake. See <u>Quash</u> to crush.] <def>The act of shaking, or the state of being shaken.</def> <i>Gayton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Quas"si*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL. From the name of a negro, <i>Quassy</i>, or <i>Quash</i>, who prescribed this article as a specific.] <def>The wood of several tropical American trees of the order <i>Simarube&aelig;</i>, as <i>Quassia amara</i>, <i>Picr&aelig;na excelsa</i>, and <i>Simaruba amara</i>. It is intensely bitter, and is used in medicine and sometimes as a substitute for hops in making beer.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quas"sin</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>quassine</i>. See <u>Quassia</u>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>The bitter principle of quassia, extracted as a white crystalline substance; — formerly called <i>quassite</i>.</def> [Written also <i>quass&imacr;in</i>, and <i>quassine</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Quat</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Etymol. uncertain.] <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A pustule.</def> [Obs.] <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>An annoying, worthless person.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Quat</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To satiate; to satisfy.</def> [Prov. Eng.]</p>

<p><hw>Qua"ta</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The coaita.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quatch</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Squat; flat.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Qua"ter-cous`in</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>quatre</i> four + <i>cousin</i>, E. <i>cousin</i>.] <def>A cousin within the first four degrees of kindred.</def></p>

<p><hw>Qua*ter"na*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>quaternarius</i> consisting of four each, containing four, fr. <i>quaterni</i> four each, fr. <i>quattuor</i> four: cf. F. <i>quaternaire</i>. See <u>Four</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Consisting of four; by fours, or in sets of four.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Geol.)</i> <def>Later than, or subsequent to, the Tertiary; Post-tertiary; as, the <i>Quaternary</i> age, or Age of man.</def></p>

<p><hw>Qua*ter"na*ry</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. numerus <i>quaternarius</i>: cf. F. <i>quaternaire</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The number four.</def> <i>Boyle.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Geol.)</i> <def>The Quaternary age, era, or formation. See the <i>Chart</i> of <u>Geology</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Qua*ter"nate</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Composed of, or arranged in, sets of four; quaternary; as, <i>quaternate</i> leaves.</def></p>

<p><hw>Qua*ter"ni*on</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>quaternio</i>, fr. <i>quaterni</i> four each. See <u>Quaternary</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The number four.</def> [Poetic]</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A set of four parts, things, or person; four things taken collectively; a group of four words, phrases, circumstances, facts, or the like.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Delivered him to four <i>quaternions</i> of soldiers.</blockquote> <i>Acts xii. 4.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Ye elements, the eldest birth<BR> Of Nature's womb, that in <i>quaternion</i> run.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The triads and <i>quaternions</i> with which he loaded his sentences.</blockquote> <i> Sir W. Scott.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A word of four syllables; a quadrisyllable.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Math.)</i> <def>The quotient of two vectors, or of two directed right lines in space, considered as depending on four geometrical elements, and as expressible by an algebraic symbol of quadrinomial form.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The science or calculus of <i>quaternions</i> is a new mathematical method, in which the conception of a <i>quaternion</i> is unfolded and symbolically expressed, and is applied to various classes of algebraical, geometrical, and physical questions, so as to discover theorems, and to arrive at the solution of problems. <i>Sir W. R. Hamilton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Qua*ter"ni*on</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To divide into quaternions, files, or companies.</def> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Qua*ter"ni*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [LL. <i>quaternitas</i>, fr. L. <i>quaterni</i> four each: cf. F. <i>quaternit&eacute;</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The number four.</def> [Obs.] <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The union of four in one, as of four persons; — analogous to the theological term <i>trinity</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Qua"ter*on</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See 2d <u>Quarteron</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Qua*torz"ain</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Quatorze</u>.] <def>A poem of fourteen lines; a sonnet.</def> <i>R. H. Stoddard.</i></p>

<p><hw>Qua*torze"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>quatorze</i> fourteen, L. <i>quattuordecim</i>. See <u>Fourteen</u>.] <def>The four aces, kings, queens, knaves, or tens, in the game of piquet; — so called because <i>quatorze</i> counts as fourteen points.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quat"rain</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., fr. <i>quatre</i> four, L. <i>quattuor</i>, <i>quatuor</i>. See <u>Four</u>.] <i>(Pros.)</i> <def>A stanza of four lines rhyming alternately.</def> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Qua"tre</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F.] <def>A card, die. or domino, having four spots, or pips</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Qua"tre*feuille</hw> (?), <hw>Qua"tre*foil</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>quatre feuilles</i>.] <def>Same as <u>Quarterfoil</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quat"u*or</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., fr. L. <i>quattuor</i>, <i>quatuor</i>, four. See <u>Quartet</u>.] <i>(Mus.)</i> <def>A quartet; — applied chiefly to instrumental compositions.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quave</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Quaver</u>.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Quave</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To quaver.</def> [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]</p>

<p><hw>Quave"mire`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Quagmire</u>.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Qua"ver</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Quavered</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Quavering</u>.] [OE. <i>quaven</i> to shake, to tremble; cf. LG. <i>quabbeln</i> to shake, to be soft, of fat substances, <i>quabbe</i> a fat lump of flesh, a dewlap, D. <i>kwabbe</i>, and E. <i>quiver</i>, v.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To tremble; to vibrate; to shake.</def> <i>Sir I. Newton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Especially, to shake the voice; to utter or form sound with rapid or tremulous vibrations, as in singing; also, to trill on a musical instrument</def></p>

<p><hw>Qua"ver</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To utter with quavers.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>We shall hear her <i>quavering</i> them . . . to some sprightly airs of the opera.</blockquote> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><hw>Qua"ver</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A shake, or rapid and tremulous vibration, of the voice, or of an instrument of music.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Mus.)</i> <def>An eighth note. See <u>Eighth</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Qua"ver*er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who quavers; a warbler.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quay</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>quai</i>. See <u>Key</u> quay.] <def>A mole, bank, or wharf, formed toward the sea, or at the side of a harbor, river, or other navigable water, for convenience in loading and unloading vessels.</def> [Written also <i>key</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Quay</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To furnish with quays.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quay"age</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F.] <def>Wharfage.</def> [Also <i>keyage</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Quayd</hw> (?), <def><pos><i>p. p.</i></pos> of <u>Quail</u>.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Que</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. 3d <u>Cue</u>.] <def>A half farthing.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Queach</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. <u>Quick</u>.] <def>A thick, bushy plot; a thicket.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chapman.</i></p>

<p><hw>Queach</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [Cf. E. <i>quich</i>, v. i., <i>quick</i>, v. i.; or AS. <i>cweccan</i> to shake.] <def>To stir; to move. See <u>Quick</u>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos></def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Queach"y</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Yielding or trembling under the feet, as moist or boggy ground; shaking; moving.</def> "The <i>queachy</i> fens." "Godwin's <i>queachy</i> sands." <i>Drayton.</i></p>

<p> <sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Like a queach; thick; bushy.</def> [Obs.] <i>Cockeram.</i></p>

<p><hw>Quean</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Originally, a woman, AS. <i>cwene</i>; akin to OS. <i>quena</i>, OHG. <i>quena</i>, Icel. <i>kona</i>, Goth <i>qin&?;</i>, and AS. <i>cw&eacute;n</i>, also to Gr. &?; woman, wife, Skr. <i>gn&amacr;</i> goddess. Cf. <u>Queen</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A woman; a young or unmarried woman; a girl.</def> [Obs. or Scot.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A low woman; a wench; a slut.</def> "The dread of every scolding <i>quean</i>." <i>Gay.</i></p>

<p><hw>Quea"si*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a queasy manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quea"si*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The state of being queasy; nausea; qualmishness; squeamishness.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><! p. 1176 !></p>

<p><hw>Quea"sy</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Icel. <i>kweisa</i> pain; cf. Norw. <i>kveis</i> sickness after a debauch.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Sick at the stomach; affected with nausea; inclined to vomit; qualmish.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Fastidious; squeamish; delicate; easily disturbed; unsettled; ticklish.</def> " A <i>queasy</i> question." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Some seek, when <i>queasy</i> conscience has its qualms.</blockquote> <i>Cowper.</i></p>

<p><hw>Que*bec" group`</hw> (?). <i>(Geol.)</i> <def>The middle of the three groups into which the rocks of the Canadian period have been divided in the American Lower Silurian system. See the <i>Chart</i> of <u>Geology</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Que*bra"cho</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Sp.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A Chilian apocynaceous tree (<i>Aspidosperma Quebracho</i>); also, its bark, which is used as a febrifuge, and for dyspn&oelig;a of the lung, or bronchial diseases; — called also <i>white quebracho</i>, to distinguish it from the <i>red quebracho</i>, a Mexican anacardiaceous tree (<i>Loxopterygium Lorentzii</i>) whose bark is said to have similar properties.</def> <i>J. Smith (Dict. Econ. Plants).</i></p>

<p><hw>Queb"rith</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>quebrit</i>, <i>quibrith</i>, Ar. <i>kibr&imacr;t</i>.] <i>(Alchemy)</i> <def>Sulphur.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p>{ <hw>Quech</hw> (?), <hw>Queck</hw> (?), } <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [Cf. <u>Quick</u>, <u>Queach</u>.] <def>A word occurring in a corrupt passage of Bacon's Essays, and probably meaning, to stir, to move.</def></p>

<p><hw>Queen</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>quen</i>, <i>quene</i>, queen, quean, AS. <i>cw&emacr;n</i> wife, queen, woman; akin to OS. <i>qu&amacr;n</i> wife, woman, Icel. <i>kv&amacr;n</i> wife, queen, Goth. <i>q&emacr;ns</i>. &radic;221. See <u>Quean</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The wife of a king.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A woman who is the sovereign of a kingdom; a female monarch; as, Elizabeth, <i>queen</i> of England; Mary, <i>queen</i> of Scots.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>In faith, and by the heaven's <i>quene</i>.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A woman eminent in power or attractions; the highest of her kind; as, a <i>queen</i> in society; — also used figuratively of cities, countries, etc.</def> " This <i>queen</i> of cities." " Albion, <i>queen</i> of isles." <i>Cowper.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>The fertile, or fully developed, female of social bees, ants, and termites.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <i>(Chess)</i> <def>The most powerful, and except the king the most important, piece in a set of chessmen.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>A playing card bearing the picture of a queen; as, the <i>queen</i> of spades.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Queen apple</b></col>. [Cf. OE. <i>quyne aple</i> quince apple.] <cd>A kind of apple; a queening.</cd> "<i>Queen apples</i> and red cherries." <i>Spenser.</i> — <col><b>Queen bee</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a female bee, especially the female of the honeybee. See <u>Honeybee</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Queen conch</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a very large West Indian cameo conch (<i>Cassis cameo</i>). It is much used for making cameos.</cd> — <col><b>Queen consort</b></col>, <cd>the wife of a reigning king.</cd> <i>Blackstone.</i> — <col><b>Queen dowager</b></col>, <cd>the widow of a king.</cd> — <col><b>Queen gold</b></col>, <cd>formerly a revenue of the queen consort of England, arising from gifts, fines, etc.</cd> — <col><b>Queen mother</b></col>, <cd>a queen dowager who is also mother of the reigning king or queen.</cd> — <col><b>Queen of May</b></col>. <cd>See <i>May queen</i>, under <u>May</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Queen of the meadow</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>a European herbaceous plant (<i>Spir&aelig;a Ulmaria</i>). See <u>Meadowsweet</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Queen of the prairie</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>an American herb (<i>Spir&aelig;a lobata</i>) with ample clusters of pale pink flowers.</cd> — <col><b>Queen pigeon</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>any one of several species of very large and handsome crested ground pigeons of the genus <i>Goura</i>, native of New Guinea and the adjacent islands. They are mostly pale blue, or ash-blue, marked with white, and have a large occipital crest of spatulate feathers. Called also <i>crowned pigeon</i>, <i>goura</i>, and <i>Victoria pigeon</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Queen regent</b></col>, or <col><b>Queen regnant</b></col>, <cd>a queen reigning in her own right.</cd> — <col><b>Queen's Bench</b></col>. <cd>See <u>King's Bench</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Queen's counsel</b></col>, <col><b>Queen's evidence</b></col>. <cd>See <i>King's counsel</i>, <i>King's evidence</i>, under <u>King</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Queen's delight</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>an American plant (<i>Stillinqia sylvatica</i>) of the Spurge family, having an herbaceous stem and a perennial woody root.</cd> — <col><b>Queen's metal</b></col> <i>(Metal.)</i>, <cd>an alloy somewhat resembling pewter or britannia, and consisting essentially of tin with a slight admixture of antimony, bismuth, and lead or copper.</cd> — <col><b>Queen's pigeon</b></col>. <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <cd>Same as <i>Queen pigeon</i>, above.</cd> — <col><b>Queen's ware</b></col>, <cd>glazed English earthenware of a cream color.</cd> — <col><b>Queen's yellow</b></col> <i>(Old Chem.)</i>, <cd>a heavy yellow powder consisting of a basic mercuric sulphate; — formerly called <i>turpetum minerale</i>, or <i>Turbith's mineral</i>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Queen</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To act the part of a queen.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Queen</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Queened</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Queening</u>.] <i>(Chess.)</i> <def>To make a queen (or other piece, at the player's discretion) of by moving it to the eighth row; as, to <i>queen</i> a pawn.</def></p>

<p><hw>Queen"craft`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Craft or skill in policy on the part of a queen.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Elizabeth showed much <i>queencraft</i> in procuring the votes of the nobility.</blockquote> <i>Fuller.</i></p>

<p><hw>Queen"dom</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The dominion, condition, or character of a queen.</def> <i>Mrs. Browning.</i></p>

<p><hw>Queen"fish`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A California sci&aelig;noid food fish (<i>Seriphys politus</i>). The back is bluish, and the sides and belly bright silvery. Called also <i>kingfish</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Queen"hood</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The state, personality, or character of a queen; queenliness.</def> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Queen"ing</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Queen apple</u>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Any one of several kinds of apples, as <i>summer queening</i>, <i>scarlet queening</i>, and <i>early queening</i>. An apple called the <i>queening</i> was cultivated in England two hundred years ago.</def></p>

<p><hw>Queen"li*ness</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality of being queenly; the; characteristic of a queen; stateliness; eminence among women in attractions or power.</def></p>

<p><hw>Queen"ly</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [AS. <i>cw&emacr;nlic</i> feminine.] <def>Like, becoming, or suitable to, a queen.</def></p>

<p><hw>Queen"-post`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Arch.] <def>One of two suspending posts in a roof truss, or other framed truss of similar form. See <u>King-post</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Queen"ship</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The state, rank, or dignity of a queen.</def></p>

<p><hw>Queens"land nut`</hw> (?). <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The nut of an Australian tree (<i>Macadamia ternifolia</i>). It is about an inch in diameter, and contains a single round edible seed, or sometimes two hemispherical seeds. So called from <i>Queensland</i> in Australia.</def></p>

<p><hw>Queen" truss</hw> (?). <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>A truss framed with queen-posts; a queen-post truss.</def></p>

<p><hw>Queer</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<pos><i>Compar.</i></pos> <u>Queerer</u> (?); <pos><i>superl.</i></pos> <u>Queerest</u>.] [G. <i>quer</i> cross, oblique, athwart (cf. <i>querkopf</i> a queer fellow), <u>OHG</u>. <i>twer</i>, <i>twerh</i>, <i>dwerah</i>; akin to D. <i>dvars</i>, AS, <i>&thorn;weorh</i> thwart, bent, twisted, Icel. <i>&thorn;verr</i> thwart, transverse, Goth. <i>&thorn;wa&igrave;rhs</i> angry, and perh. to L. <i>torqyere</i> to twist, and E. <i>through</i>. Cf. <u>Torture</u>, <u>Through</u>, <u>Thwart</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>At variance with what is usual or normal; differing in some odd way from what is ordinary; odd; singular; strange; whimsical; as, a <i>queer</i> story or act.</def> " A <i>queer</i> look." <i>W. Irving.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Mysterious; suspicious; questionable; as, a <i>queer</i> transaction.</def> [Colloq.]</p>

<p><hw>Queer</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Counterfeit money.</def> [Slang]</p>

<p><col><b>To shove the queer</b></col>, <cd>to put counterfeit money in circulation.</cd> [Slang]</p>

<p><hw>Queer"ish</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Rather queer; somewhat singular.</def></p>

<p><hw>Queer"ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a queer or odd manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Queer"ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality or state of being queer.</def></p>

<p><hw>Queest</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. Icel. <i>kvisa</i> a kind of bird, <i>kvistr</i> a branch of a tree, and E. <i>cushat</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The European ringdove (<i>Columba palumbus</i>); the cushat.</def> [Written also <i>quist</i>, <i>queeze</i>, <i>quice</i>, <i>queece</i>.] See <u>Ringdove</u>.</p>

<p><hw>Quegh</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A drinking vessel. See <u>Quaich</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Queint</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Quaint</u>.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Queint</hw>, obs. <def><pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> of <u>Quench</u>.</def> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Queint"ise</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Quaintise</u>.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Quell</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Quelled</u> (&?;); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Quelling</u>.] [See <u>Quail</u> to cower.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To die.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Yet he did quake and quaver, like to <i>quell</i>.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To be subdued or abated; to yield; to abate.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Winter's wrath begins to <i>quell</i>.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Quell</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [OE. <i>quellen</i> to kill, AS. <i>cwellan</i>, causative of <i>cwelan</i> to die; akin to OHG. <i>quellen</i> to torment, Icel. <i>kvelja</i>. See <u>Quail</u> to cower.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To take the life of; to kill.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The ducks cried as [if] men would them <i>quelle</i>.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To overpower; to subdue; to put down.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The nation obeyed the call, rallied round the sovereign, and enabled him to <i>quell</i> the disaffected minority.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Northward marching to <i>quell</i> the sudden revolt.</blockquote> <i>Longfellow.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To quiet; to allay; to pacify; to cause to yield or cease; as, to <i>quell</i> grief; to <i>quell</i> the tumult of the soul.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Much did his words the gentle lady <i>quell</i>.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — to subdue; crush; overpower; reduce; put down; repress; suppress; quiet; allay; calm; pacify.</p>

<p><hw>Quell</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Murder.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Quell"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A killer; as, Jack the Giant <i>Queller</i>.</def> [Obs.] <i>Wyclif (Mark vi. 27).</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>One who quells; one who overpowers or subdues.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quel"li*o</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Sp. <i>cuello</i>, L. <i>collum</i> neck.] <def>A ruff for the neck.</def> [Obs.] <i>B. Jonson.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Quelque"chose`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>quelque chose</i> something.] <def>A trifle; a kickshaw.</def> <i>Donne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Queme</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t. & i.</i></pos> [AS. <i>cw&emacr;man</i>, akin to <i>cuman</i> to come. &radic;23.] <def>To please.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Queme"ful</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Kindly; merciful.</def> [Obs.] <i>Wyclif.</i></p>

<p><hw>Quench</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Quenched</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Quenching</u>.] [OE. <i>quenchen</i>, AS. <i>cwencan</i> in <i>&amacr;cwencan</i>, to extinguish utterly, causative of <i>cwincan</i>, <i>&amacr;cwincan</i>, to decrease, disappear; cf. AS. <i>cw&imacr;nan</i>, <i>&amacr;cw&imacr;nan</i>, to waste or dwindle away.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To extinguish; to overwhelm; to make an end of; — said of flame and fire, of things burning, and figuratively of sensations and emotions; as, to <i>quench</i> flame; to <i>quench</i> a candle; to <i>quench</i> thirst, love, hate, etc.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Ere our blood shall <i>quench</i> that fire.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The supposition of the lady's death<BR> Will <i>quench</i> the wonder of her infamy.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To cool suddenly, as heated steel, in tempering.</def></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — To extinguish; still; stifle; allay; cool; check.</p>

<p><hw>Quench</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To become extinguished; to go out; to become calm or cool.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Dost thou think in time<BR> She will not <i>quench</i>!</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Quench"a*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Capable of being quenched.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quench"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who, or that which, quenches.</def> <i>Hammond.</i></p>

<p><hw>Quench"less</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Incapable of being quenched; inextinguishable; as, <i>quenchless</i> fire or fury.</def> "Once kindled, <i>quenchless</i> evermore." <i>Byron.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Inextinguishable; unquenchable.</p>

<p>— <wf>Quench"less*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Quench"less*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Que*nelle"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F.] <i>(Cookery)</i> <def>A kind of delicate forcemeat, commonly poached and used as a dish by itself or for garnishing.</def></p>

<p><hw>Que*nouille train"ing</hw> (?). [F. <i>quenouille</i> distaff.] <i>(Hort.)</i> <def>A method of training trees or shrubs in the shape of a cone or distaff by tying down the branches and pruning.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quer`ci*tan"nic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>quercus</i> an oak + E. <i>tannic</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, a tannic acid found in oak bark and extracted as a yellowish brown amorphous substance.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quer"cite</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A white crystalline substance, C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>7</sub>(OH)<sub>5</sub>, found in acorns, the fruit of the oak (<i>Quercus</i>). It has a sweet taste, and is regarded as a pentacid alcohol.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quer"ci*tin</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A yellow crystalline substance, occurring quite widely distributed in the vegetable kingdom, as is apple-tree bark, horse- chestnut leaves, etc., but originally obtained by the decomposition of quercitrin. Called also <i>meletin</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quer"cit*rin</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>quercitrin</i>. See <u>Quercitron</u>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A glucoside extracted from the bark of the oak (<i>Quercus</i>) as a bitter citron-yellow crystalline substance, used as a pigment and called <i>quercitron</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quer"cit*ron</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>quercitron</i>, the name of the name of tree; L. <i>quercus</i> an oak + <i>citrus</i> the citron <i>tree</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The yellow inner bark of the <i>Quercus tinctoria</i>, the American black oak, yellow oak, dyer's oak, or quercitron oak, a large forest tree growing from Maine to eastern Texas.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Quercitrin, used as a pigment. See <u>Quercitrin</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Quer"cus</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., an oak.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A genus of trees constituted by the oak. See <u>Oak</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quer"ele</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See 2d <u>Quarrel</u>.] <i>(O. Eng. Law)</i> <def>A complaint to a court. See <u>Audita Querela</u>.</def> [Obs.] <i>Ayliffe.</i></p>

<p><hw>Que"rent</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>querens</i>, p. pr. of <i>queri</i> to complain.] <i>(O. Eng. Law)</i> <def>A complainant; a plaintiff.</def></p>

<p><hw>Que"rent</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>quaerens</i>, p. pr. of <i>quaerere</i> to search for, to inquire.] <def>An inquirer.</def> [Obs.] <i>Aubrey.</i></p>

<p><hw>Quer`i*mo"ni*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>querimonia</i> a complaint, fr. <i>queri</i> to complain. See <u>Querulous</u>.] <def>Complaining; querulous; apt to complain.</def> — <wf>Quer`i*mo"ni*ous*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Quer`i*mo"ni*ous*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Quer"i*mo*ny</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>querimonia</i>.] <def>A complaint or complaining.</def> [Obs.] <i>E. Hall.</i></p>

<p><hw>Que"rist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Query</u>.] <def>One who inquires, or asks questions.</def> <i>Swift.</i></p>

<p><hw>Querk"en</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [Icel. <i>kverk</i> throat. &?;.] <def>To stifle or choke.</def> [Prov. Eng.] <i>Halliwell.</i></p>

<p><hw>Querl</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [G. <i>querlen</i>, <i>quirlen</i>, to twirl, to turn round, fr. <i>querl</i>, <i>querl</i>, a twirling stick. Cf. <u>Twirl</u>.] <def>To twirl; to turn or wind round; to coil; as, to <i>querl</i> a cord, thread, or rope.</def> [Local, U.S.]</p>

<p><hw>Querl</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A coil; a twirl; as, the <i>qwerl</i> of hair on the fore leg of a blooded horse.</def> [Local, U. S.]</p>

<p><hw>Quern</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [AS. <i>cweorn</i>, <i>cwyrn</i>; akin to D. <i>kweern</i>, OHG. <i>quirn</i>, Icel. <i>kvern</i>, Sw. <i>qvarn</i>, Dan. <i>qu&aelig;rn</i>, Goth. <i>qairnus</i> (in <i>asiluqa&iacute;rnus</i>), Lith. <i>q&igrave;rnos</i>, and perh. E. <i>corn</i>.] <def>A mill for grinding grain, the upper stone of which was turned by hand; — used before the invention of windmills and watermills.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>They made him at the <i>querne</i> grind.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Quer"po</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The inner or body garments taken together. See <u>Cuerpo</u>.</def> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Quer"que*dule</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>querquedula</i>.] <i>(Zool.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A teal.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The pintail duck.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quer"ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A groom; an equerry.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Quer`u*len"tial</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Querulous.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Quer"u*lous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>querulus</i> and <i>querulosus</i>, fr. <i>queri</i> to complain. Cf. <u>Cry</u>, <pos><i>v.</i></pos>, <u>Quarrel</u> a brawl, <u>Quarrelous</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Given to quarreling; quarrelsome.</def> [Obs.] <i>land.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Apt to find fault; habitually complaining; disposed to murmur; as, a <i>querulous</i> man or people.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Enmity can hardly be more annoying that <i>querulous</i>, jealous, exacting fondness.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Expressing complaint; fretful; whining; as, a <i>querulous</i> tone of voice.</def></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Complaining; bewailing; lamenting; whining; mourning; murmuring; discontented; dissatisfied.</p>

<p>— <wf>Quer"u*lous*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> — <wf>Quer"u*lous*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Que"ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Queries</b></plw> (#). [L. <i>quaere</i>, imperative sing. of <i>quaerere</i>, <i>quaesitum</i> to seek or search for, to ask, inquire. Cf. <u>Acquire</u>, <u>Conquer</u>, <u>Exquisite</u>, <u>Quest</u>, <u>Require</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A question; an inquiry to be answered or solved.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I shall conclude with proposing only some <i>queries</i>, in order to a . . . search to be made by others.</blockquote> <i>Sir I. Newton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A question in the mind; a doubt; as, I have a <i>query</i> about his sincerity.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>An interrogation point [?] as the sign of a question or a doubt.</def></p>

<p><hw>Que"ry</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To ask questions; to make inquiry.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Each prompt to <i>query</i>, answer, and debate.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To have a doubt; as, I <i>query</i> if he is right.</def></p>

<p><hw>Que"ry</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Queried</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Querying</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To put questions about; to elicit by questioning; to inquire into; as, to <i>query</i> the items or the amount; to <i>query</i> the motive or the fact.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To address questions to; to examine by questions.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To doubt of; to regard with incredulity.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To write " query" (qu., qy., or ?) against, as a doubtful spelling, or sense, in a proof. See <u>Qu&aelig;re</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Que*sal"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The long-tailed, or resplendent, trogon (<i>Pharomachus mocinno</i>, formerly <i>Trogon resplendens</i>), native of Southern Mexico and Central America. Called also <i>quetzal</i>, and <i>golden trogon</i>.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The male is remarkable for the brilliant metallic green and gold colors of his plumage, and for his extremely long plumes, which often exceed three feet in length.</p>

<p><! p. 1177 !></p>

<p><hw>Quest</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>queste</i>, F. <i>qu&ecirc;te</i>, fr. L. <i>quaerere</i>, <i>quaesitum</i>, to seek for, to ask. Cf. <u>Query</u>, <u>Question</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of seeking, or looking after anything; attempt to find or obtain; search; pursuit; as, to rove in <i>quest</i> of game, of a lost child, of property, etc.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Upon an hard adventure yet in <i>quest</i>.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Cease your <i>quest</i> of love.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>There ended was his <i>quest</i>, there ceased his care.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Request; desire; solicitation.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Gad not abroad at every <i>quest</i> and call<BR> Of an untrained hope or passion.</blockquote> <i>Herbert.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Those who make search or inquiry, taken collectively.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The senate hath sent about three several <i>quests</i> to search you out.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Inquest; jury of inquest.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>What lawful <i>quest</i> have given their verdict ?</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Quest</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [Cf. OF. <i>quester</i>, F. <i>qu&ecirc;ter</i>. See <u>Quest</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <def>To search for; to examine.</def> [R.] <i>Sir T. Herbert. </i></p>

<p><hw>Quest</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To go on a quest; to make a search; to go in pursuit; to beg.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>If his <i>questing</i> had been unsuccessful, he appeased the rage of hunger with some scraps of broken meat.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><hw>Quest"ant</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>questant</i>, F. <i>qu&ecirc;tant</i>, p. pr.] <def>One who undertakes a quest; a seeker.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Quest"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who seeks; a seeker.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Ques"tion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., fr. L. <i>quaestio</i>, fr. <i>quaerere</i>, <i>quaesitum</i>, to seek for, ask, inquire. See <u>Quest</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of asking; interrogation; inquiry; as, to examine by <i>question</i> and answer.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Discussion; debate; hence, objection; dispute; doubt; as, the story is true beyond <i>question</i>; he obeyed without <i>question</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>There arose a <i>question</i> between some of John's disciples and the Jews about purifying.</blockquote> <i> John iii. 25.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>It is to be to <i>question</i>, whether it be lawful for Christian princes to make an invasive war simply for the propagation of the faith.</blockquote> <i> Bacon.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Examination with reference to a decisive result; investigation; specifically, a judicial or official investigation; also, examination under torture.</def> <i>Blackstone.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>He that was in <i>question</i> for the robbery. <i>Shak</i>.<BR> The Scottish privy council had power to put state prisoners to the <i>question</i>.</blockquote> <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>That which is asked; inquiry; interrogatory; query.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>But this <i>question</i> asked<BR> Puts me in doubt. Lives there who loves his pain ?</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>Hence, a subject of investigation, examination, or debate; theme of inquiry; matter to be inquired into; as, a delicate or doubtful <i>question</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>Talk; conversation; speech; speech.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><col><b>In question</b></col>, <cd>in debate; in the course of examination or discussion; as, the matter or point <i>in question</i>.</cd> — <col><b>Leading question</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Leading</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Out of question</b></col>, <cd>unquestionably.</cd> "<i>Out of question</i>, 't is Maria's hand." <i>Shak.</i> — <col><b>Out of the question</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Out</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Past question</b></col>, <cd>beyond question; certainly; undoubtedly; unquestionably.</cd> — <col><b>Previous question</b></col>, <cd>a question put to a parliamentary assembly upon the motion of a member, in order to ascertain whether it is the will of the body to vote at once, without further debate, on the subject under consideration.</cd> The form of the question is: "Shall the main question be now put?" If the vote is in the affirmative, the matter before the body must be voted upon as it then stands, without further general debate or the submission of new amendments. In the House of Representatives of the United States, and generally in America, a negative decision operates to keep the business before the body as if the motion had not been made; but in the English Parliament, it operates to postpone consideration for the day, and until the subject may be again introduced. In American practice, the object of the motion is to hasten action, and it is made by a friend of the measure. In English practice, the object is to get rid of the subject for the time being, and the motion is made with a purpose of voting against it. <i>Cushing.</i> — <col><b>To beg the question</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Beg</u>.</cd> — <col><b>To the question</b></col>, <cd>to the point in dispute; to the real matter under debate.</cd></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Point; topic; subject.</p>

<p><hw>Ques"tion</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Questioned</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Questioning</u>.] [Cf. F. <i>questionner</i>. See <u>Question</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To ask questions; to inquire.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He that <i>questioneth</i> much shall learn much.</blockquote> <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To argue; to converse; to dispute.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>I pray you, think you <i>question</i> with the Jew.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ques"tion</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To inquire of by asking questions; to examine by interrogatories; as, to <i>question</i> a witness.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To doubt of; to be uncertain of; to query.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>And most we <i>question</i> what we most desire.</blockquote> <i>Prior.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To raise a question about; to call in question; to make objection to.</def> "But have power and right to <i>question</i> thy bold entrance on this place." <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To talk to; to converse with.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>With many holiday and lady terms he <i>questioned</i> me.</blockquote> <i> Shak.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — To ask; interrogate; catechise; doubt; controvert; dispute. — Question, Inquire, Interrogate. To <i>inquire</i> is merely to ask for information, and implies no authority in the one who asks. To <i>interrogate</i> is to put repeated questions in a formal or systematic fashion to elicit some particular fact or facts. To <i>question</i> has a wider sense than to <i>interrogate</i>, and often implies an attitude of distrust or opposition on the part of the questioner.</p>

<p><hw>Ques`tion*a*bil"i*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The state or condition of being questionable.</def> <i>Stallo.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ques"tion*a*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Admitting of being questioned; inviting, or seeming to invite, inquiry.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Thou com'st in such a <i>questionable</i> shape<BR> That I will speak to thee.</blockquote> <i> Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Liable to question; subject to be doubted or called in question; problematical; doubtful; suspicious.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>It is <i>questionable</i> whether Galen ever saw the dissection of a human body.<i>T</i>.</blockquote> <i> Baker.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Disputable; debatable; uncertain; doubtful; problematical; suspicious.</p>

<p><hw>Ques"tion*a*ble*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality or state of being questionable, doubtful, or suspicious.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ques"tion*a*bly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a questionable manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ques"tion*a*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Inquiring; asking questions; testing.</def> "<i>Questionary</i> epistles." <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ques"tion*a*ry</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who makes it his business to seek after relics and carry them about for sale.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ques"tion*er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who asks questions; an inquirer.</def> "Little time for idle <i>questioners</i>." <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ques"tion*ist</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A questioner; an inquirer.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Eng. Univ.)</i> <def>A candidate for honors or degrees who is near the time of his examination.</def></p>

<p><hw>Ques"tion*less</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Unquestioning; incurious.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><hw>Ques"tion*less</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>Beyond a question or doubt; doubtless; certainly.</def>[R.] <i>South.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>What it was in the apostles' time, that, <i>questionless</i>, it must be still.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Quest"man</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Questmen</b></plw> (&?;). <def>One legally empowered to make quest of certain matters, esp. of abuses of weights and measures.</def> Specifically: <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A churchwarden's assistant; a sidesman.</def> <i>Blount.</i> [Obs.] <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A collector of parish rents.</def> <i>Blount.</i> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Quest"mon`ger</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who lays informations, and encourages petty lawsuits.</def> [Obs.] <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ques"tor</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>quaestor</i>, contr. fr. <i>quaesitor</i>, fr. <i>quaerere</i>, <i>quaesitum</i>, to seek for, ask: cf. F. <i>questeur</i>.] <i>(Rom. Antiq.)</i> <def>An officer who had the management of the public treasure; a receiver of taxes, tribute, etc.; treasurer of state.</def> [Written also <i>qu&aelig;stor</i>.]</p>

<p>&fist; At an early period there were also public accusers styled <i>questors</i>, but the office was soon abolished.</p>

<p><hw>Ques"tor*ship</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The office, or the term of office, of a questor.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quest"rist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Quest</u>.] <def>A seeker; a pursuer.</def> [Obs.] "Hot <i>questrists</i> after him." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ques"tu*a*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>quaestuarius</i>, from <i>quaestus</i> gain, profit, <i>quaerere</i>, <i>quaesitum</i>, to seek for, earn.] <def>Studious of profit.</def> [Obs.] <i>Sir T. Browne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Ques"tu*a*ry</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One employed to collect profits.</def> [R.] "The pope's <i>questuaries</i>." <i>Jer. Taylor.</i></p>

<p><hw>Quet</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The common guillemot.</def> [Prov. Eng.]</p>

<p><hw>Queue</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. See <u>Cue</u>.] <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A tail-like appendage of hair; a pigtail.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>A line of persons waiting anywhere.</def></p>

<p><hw>Queue</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To fasten, as hair, in a queue.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quey</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. Dan. <i>qvie</i>.] <def>A heifer.</def> [Scot.]</p>

<p><hw>Quib</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. <u>Quip</u>.] <def>A quip; a gibe.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quib"ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Probably fr. <i>quib</i>, <i>quip</i>, but influenced by <i>quillet</i>, or <i>quiddity</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A shift or turn from the point in question; a trifling or evasive distinction; an evasion; a cavil.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Quibbles have no place in the search after truth.</blockquote> <i> I. Watts.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A pun; a low conceit.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quib"ble</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Quibbled</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Quibbling</u> (?).] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To evade the point in question by artifice, play upon words, caviling, or by raising any insignificant or impertinent question or point; to trifle in argument or discourse; to equivocate.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To pun; to practice punning.</def> <i>Cudworth.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — To cavil; shuffle; equivocate; trifle.</p>

<p><hw>Quib"bler</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who quibbles; a caviler; also, a punster.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quib"bling*ly</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>Triflingly; evasively.</def></p>

<p><hw>Qui"ca</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From the native Brazilian name.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A small South American opossum (<i>Didelphys quica</i>), native of Guiana and Brazil. It feeds upon insects, small birds, and fruit.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quice</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>See <u>Queest</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quich</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [Cf. <u>Quinch</u>.] <def>To stir.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>He could not move nor <i>quich</i> at all.</blockquote> <i> Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Quick</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<pos><i>Compar.</i></pos> <u>Quicker</u> (?); <pos><i>superl.</i></pos> <u>Quickest</u>.] [As. <i>cwic</i>, <i>cwicu</i>, <i>cwucu</i>, <i>cucu</i>, living; akin to OS. <i>quik</i>, D. <i>kwik</i>, OHG. <i>quec</i>, <i>chec</i>, G. <i>keck</i> bold, lively, Icel. <i>kvikr</i> living, Goth. <i>qius</i>, Lith. <i>q&ymacr;vas</i>, Russ. <i>zhivoi</i>, L. <i>vivus</i> living, <i>vivere</i> to live, Gr. <grk>bi`os</grk> life, Skr. <i>j&imacr;va</i> living, <i>j&imacr;v</i> to live. Cf. <u>Biography</u>, <u>Vivid</u>, <u>Quitch grass</u>, <u>Whitlow</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Alive; living; animate; — opposed to <i>dead</i> or <i>inanimate</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Not fully <i>quyke</i>, ne fully dead they were.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The Lord Jesus Christ, who shall judge the <i>quick</i> and the dead at his appearing and his kingdom.</blockquote> <i>2 Tim. iv. 1.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Man is no star, but a <i>quick</i> coal<BR> Of mortal fire.</blockquote> <i> Herbert.</i></p>

<p>&fist; In this sense the word is nearly obsolete, except in some compounds, or in particular phrases.</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Characterized by life or liveliness; animated; sprightly; agile; brisk; ready.</def> " A <i>quick</i> wit." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Speedy; hasty; swift; not slow; as, be <i>quick</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Oft he her his charge of <i>quick</i> return<BR> Repeated.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Impatient; passionate; hasty; eager; eager; sharp; unceremonious; as, a <i>quick</i> temper.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The bishop was somewhat <i>quick</i> with them, and signified that he was much offended.</blockquote> <i> Latimer.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>Fresh; bracing; sharp; keen.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The air is <i>quick</i> there,<BR> And it pierces and sharpens the stomach.</blockquote> <i> Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>Sensitive; perceptive in a high degree; ready; as, a <i>quick</i> ear.</def> "To have an open ear, a <i>quick</i> eye." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>They say that women are so <i>quick</i>.</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>7.</b></sn> <def>Pregnant; with child.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Quick grass</b></col>. <i>(Bot.)</i> <cd>See <u>Quitch grass</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Quick match</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Match</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Quick vein</b></col> <i>(Mining)</i>, <cd>a vein of ore which is productive, not barren.</cd> — <col><b>Quick vinegar</b></col>, <cd>vinegar made by allowing a weak solution of alcohol to trickle slowly over shavings or other porous material.</cd> — <col><b>Quick water</b></col>, <cd>quicksilver water.</cd> — <col><b>Quick with child</b></col>, <cd>pregnant with a living child.</cd></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Speedy; expeditious; swift; rapid; hasty; prompt; ready; active; brisk; nimble; fleet; alert; agile; lively; sprightly.</p>

<p><hw>Quick</hw> (?), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a quick manner; quickly; promptly; rapidly; with haste; speedily; without delay; as, run <i>quick</i>; get back <i>quick</i>.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>If we consider how very <i>quick</i> the actions of the mind are performed.</blockquote> <i> Locke.</i></p>

<p><hw>Quick</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>That which is quick, or alive; a living animal or plant; especially, the hawthorn, or other plants used in making a living hedge.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The works . . . are curiously hedged with <i>quick</i>.</blockquote> <i>Evelyn.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The life; the mortal point; a vital part; a part susceptible of serious injury or keen feeling; the sensitive living flesh; the part of a finger or toe to which the nail is attached; the tender emotions; as, to cut a finger nail to the <i>quick</i>; to thrust a sword to the <i>quick</i>, to taunt one to the <i>quick</i>; — used figuratively.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>This test nippeth, . . . this toucheth the <i>quick</i>.</blockquote> <i>Latimer.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>How feebly and unlike themselves they reason when they come to the <i>quick</i> of the difference !</blockquote> <i>Fuller.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Quitch grass.</def> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Quick</hw>, <pos><i>v. t. & i.</i></pos> [See <u>Quicken</u>.] <def>To revive; to quicken; to be or become alive.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Quick"beam`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [A. S. <i>cwicbe&aacute;m</i>.] <def>See <u>Quicken tree</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quick"en</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>quickened</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Quickening</u>.] [AS. <i>cwician</i>. See <u>Quick</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To make alive; to vivify; to revive or resuscitate, as from death or an inanimate state; hence, to excite; to, stimulate; to incite.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The mistress which I serve <i>quickens</i> what's dead.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Like a fruitful garden without an hedge, that <i>quickens</i> the appetite to enjoy so tempting a prize.</blockquote> <i> South.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To make lively, active, or sprightly; to impart additional energy to; to stimulate; to make quick or rapid; to hasten; to accelerate; as, to <i>quicken</i> one's steps or thoughts; to <i>quicken</i> one's departure or speed.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Shipbuilding)</i> <def>To shorten the radius of (a curve); to make (a curve) sharper; as, to <i>quicken</i> the sheer, that is, to make its curve more pronounced.</def></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — To revive; resuscitate; animate; reinvigorate; vivify; refresh; stimulate; sharpen; incite; hasten; accelerate; expedite; dispatch; speed.</p>

<p><hw>Quick"en</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To come to life; to become alive; to become vivified or enlivened; hence, to exhibit signs of life; to move, as the fetus in the womb.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The heart is the first part that <i>quickens</i>, and the last that dies.</blockquote> <i> Ray.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>And keener lightnings <i>quicken</i> in her eye.</blockquote> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>When the pale and bloodless east began<BR> To <i>quicken</i> to the sun.</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To move with rapidity or activity; to become accelerated; as, his pulse <i>quickened</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quick"en*er</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who, or that which, quickens.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quick"en*ing</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act or process of making or of becoming quick.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Physiol.)</i> <def>The first motion of the fetus in the womb felt by the mother, occurring usually about the middle of the term of pregnancy. It has been popularly supposed to be due to the fetus becoming possessed of independent life.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quick"ens</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Quitch grass.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quick"en tree`</hw> (?). [Probably from <i>quick</i>, and first applied to the aspen or some tree with quivering leaves; cf. G. <i>quickenbaum</i>, <i>quizenbaum</i>, <i>quitschenbaum</i>. Cf. <u>Quitch grass</u>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The European rowan tree; — called also <i>quickbeam</i>, and <i>quickenbeam</i>. See <u>Rowan tree</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quick"hatch`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From the American Indian name.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The wolverine.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quick"lime</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Quick</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Calcium oxide; unslacked lime; — so called because when wet it develops great heat. See 4th <u>Lime</u>, 2.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quick"ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>Speedily; with haste or celerity; soon; without delay; quick.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quick"ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The condition or quality of being quick or living; life.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Touch it with thy celestial <i>quickness</i>.</blockquote> <i>Herbert.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Activity; briskness; especially, rapidity of motion; speed; celerity; as, <i>quickness</i> of wit.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>This deed . . . must send thee hence<BR> With fiery <i>quickness</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>His mind had, indeed, great <i>quickness</i> and vigor.</blockquote> <i> Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Acuteness of perception; keen sensibility.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Would not <i>quickness</i> of sensation be an inconvenience to an animal that must lie still ?</blockquote> <i>Locke</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Sharpness; pungency of taste.</def> <i>Mortimer.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Velocity; celerity; rapidity; speed; haste; expedition; promptness; dispatch; swiftness; nimbleness; fleetness; agility; briskness; liveliness; readiness; sagacity; shrewdness; shrewdness; sharpness; keenness.</p>

<p><hw>Quick"sand`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Sand easily moved or readily yielding to pressure; especially, a deep mass of loose or moving sand mixed with water, sometimes found at the mouth of a river or along some coasts, and very dangerous, from the difficulty of extricating a person who begins sinking into it.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Life hath <i>quicksands</i>, — Life hath snares!</blockquote> <i>Longfellow.</i></p>

<p><! p. 1178 !></p>

<p><hw>Quick"-scent`ed</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Acute of smell.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quick"set`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A living plant set to grow, esp. when set for a hedge; specifically, the hawthorn.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quick"set`</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Made of quickset.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Dates and pomegranates on the <i>quickset</i> hedges.</blockquote> <i>Walpole.</i></p>

<p><hw>Quick"set`</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To plant with living shrubs or trees for a hedge; as, to <i>quickset</i> a ditch.</def> <i>Mortimer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Quick"-sight`ed</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having quick sight or acute discernment; quick to see or to discern.</def> <i>Locke.</i></p>

<p>—<wf>Quick"-sight`ed*ness</wf>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Quick"sil`ver</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Quick</i> living + <i>silver</i>; — so called from its fluidity; cf. G. <i>quecksilber</i>, L. <i>argentum vivum</i>. See <u>Quick</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>The metal mercury; — so called from its resemblance to liquid silver.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Quicksilver horizon</b></col>, <cd>a mercurial artificial horizon. See under <u>Horizon</u>.</cd> — <col><b>Quicksilver water</b></col>, <cd>a solution of mercury nitrate used in artificial silvering; quick water.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Quick"sil`vered</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Overlaid with quicksilver, or with an amalgam of quicksilver and tinfoil.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quick"sil`ver*ing</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The mercury and foil on the back of a looking-glass.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quick"step`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Mus.)</i> <def>A lively, spirited march; also, a lively style of dancing.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quick"-wit`ted</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having ready wit</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Quick"-wit`ted*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Readiness of wit.</def> "Celtic <i>quick-wittedness</i>." <i>M. Arnold.</i></p>

<p><hw>Quick"work`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Naut.)</i> A term somewhat loosely used to denote: <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>All the submerged section of a vessel's planking.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The planking between the spirketing and the clamps.</def> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <def>The short planks between the portholes.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quid</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Cud</u>.] <def>A portion suitable to be chewed; a cud; as, a <i>quid</i> of tobacco.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quid</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <i>(Man.)</i> <def>To drop from the mouth, as food when partially chewed; — said of horses.</def> <i>Youatt.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Qui"dam</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L.] <def>Somebody; one unknown.</def> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Quid"da*ny</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>cydoneum</i> quince juice, quince wine. See <u>Quince</u>.] <def>A confection of quinces, in consistency between a sirup and marmalade.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quid"da*tive</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See <u>Quiddity</u>.] <def>Constituting, or containing, the essence of a thing; quidditative.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quid"dit</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. <u>Quiddity</u>, <u>Quillet</u>, and <u>Quibble</u>.] <def>A subtilty; an equivocation.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>By some strange <i>quiddit</i> or some wrested clause.</blockquote> <i>Drayton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Quid"di*ta*tive</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Quiddative.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quid"di*ty</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Quiddities</b></plw> (#). [LL. <i>quidditas</i>, fr. L. <i>quid</i> what, neut. of <i>quis</i> who, akin to E. <i>who</i>: cf. F. <i>quiddit&eacute;</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The essence, nature, or distinctive peculiarity, of a thing; that which answers the question, <i>Quid est</i>? or, What is it?</def> " The degree of nullity and <i>quiddity</i>." <i>Bacon.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The <i>quiddity</i> or characteristic difference of poetry as distinguished from prose.</blockquote> <i>De Quincey.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A trifling nicety; a cavil; a quibble.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>We laugh at the <i>quiddities</i> of those writers now.</blockquote> <i>Coleridge.</i></p>

<p><hw>Quid"dle</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Quiddled</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Quiddling</u> (?).] [L. <i>quid</i> what.] <def>To spend time in trifling employments, or to attend to useful subjects in an indifferent or superficial manner; to dawdle.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Quid"dle</hw> (?), <hw>Quid"dler</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who wastes his energy about trifles.</def> <i>Emerson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Quid"nunc</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., what now?] <def>One who is curious to know everything that passes; one who knows, or pretends to know, all that is going on.</def> "The idle stories of <i>quidnuncs</i>." <i>Motley.</i></p>

<p><hw>Qui*esce"</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Quiesced</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Quiescing</u> (?).] [L. <i>quiescere</i>, akin to <i>quies</i> rest, quiet. See <u>Quiet</u>, <pos><i>a. & n.</i></pos>] <def>To be silent, as a letter; to have no sound.</def> <i>M. Stuart.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Qui*es"cence</hw> (?), <hw>Qui*es"cen*cy</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>quiescentia</i>, fr. <i>quiescens</i>, p. pr.; cf. F. <i>quiestence</i>. See <u>Quiesce</u>.] <def>The state or quality of being quiescent.</def> "<i>Quiescence</i>, bodily and mental." <i>H. Spencer.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Deeds will be done; — while be boasts his <i>quiescence</i>.</blockquote> <i>R. Browning.</i></p>

<p><hw>Qui*es"cent</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>quiescens</i>, <i>-entis</i>, p. pr. of <i>quiescere</i>: cf. F. <i>quiescent</i>. See <u>Quiesce</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Being in a state of repose; at rest; still; not moving; as, a <i>quiescent</i> body or fluid.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Not ruffed with passion; unagitated; not in action; not excited; quiet; dormant; resting.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>In times of national security, the feeling of patriotism . . . is so <i>quiescent</i> that it seems hardly to exist.</blockquote> <i>Prof. Wilson.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Gram.)</i> <def>Not sounded; silent; as, y is <i>quiescent</i> in "<i>day</i>" and "<i>say</i>."</def></p>

<p><hw>Qui*es"cent</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Gram.)</i> <def>A silent letter.</def> <i>M. Stuart.</i></p>

<p><hw>Qui*es"cent*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a quiescent manner.</def></p>

<p><hw>Qui"et</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<pos><i>Compar.</i></pos> <u>Quieter</u> (?); <pos><i>superl.</i></pos> <u>Quietest</u>.] [L. <i>quietus</i>, p. p. pf <i>quiescere</i> to rest, keep quiet; akin to <i>quies</i> rest, and prob. to E. <i>while</i>, n. See <u>While</u>, and cf. <u>Coy</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>, <u>Quiesce</u>, <u>Quietus</u>, <u>Quit</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>, <u>Quite</u>, <u>Requiem</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>In a state of rest or calm; without stir, motion, or agitation; still; as, a <i>quiet</i> sea; <i>quiet</i> air.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>They . . . were <i>quiet</i> all the night, saying, In the morning, when it is day, we shall kill him.</blockquote> <i>Judg. xvi. 2.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Free from noise or disturbance; hushed; still.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Not excited or anxious; calm; peaceful; placid; settled; as, a <i>quiet</i> life; a <i>quiet</i> conscience.</def> " So <i>quiet</i> and so sweet a style." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>That son, who on the <i>quiet</i> state of man<BR> Such trouble brought.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Not giving offense; not exciting disorder or trouble; not turbulent; gentle; mild; meek; contented.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The ornament of a meek and <i>quiet</i> spirit.</blockquote> <i>1 Pet. iii. 4.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>I will sit as <i>quiet</i> as a lamb.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>Not showy; not such as to attract attention; undemonstrative; as, a <i>quiet</i> dress; <i>quiet</i> colors; a <i>quiet</i> movement.</def></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — Still; tranquil; calm; unruffled; smooth; unmolested; undisturbed; placid; peaceful; mild; peaceable; meek; contented.</p>

<p><hw>Qui"et</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>quies</i>, <i>- etis</i>. See <u>Quiet</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The quality or state of being quiet, or in repose; as an hour or a time of <i>quiet</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Freedom from disturbance, noise, or alarm; stillness; tranquillity; peace; security.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>And join with thee, calm Peace and <i>Quiet</i>.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><col><b>At quiet</b></col>, <cd>still; peaceful.</cd> — <col><b>In quiet</b></col>, <cd>quietly.</cd> " I will depart <i>in quiet</i>." <i>Shak.</i> — <col><b>Out of quiet</b></col>, <cd>disturbed; restless.</cd> [Obs.] "She is much <i>out of quiet</i>." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Qui"et</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Quieted</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Quieting</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To stop motion in; to still; to reduce to a state of rest, or of silence.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To calm; to appease; to pacify; to lull; to allay; to tranquillize; as, to <i>quiet</i> the passions; to <i>quiet</i> clamors or disorders; to <i>quiet</i> pain or grief.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Quiet</i> yourselves, I pray, and be at peace.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Qui"et</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To become still, silent, or calm; — often with <i>down</i>; as, be soon <i>quieted</i> down.</def></p>

<p><hw>Qui"et*age</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Quietness.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Qui"et*er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who, or that which, quiets.</def></p>

<p><hw>Qui"et*ism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>qui&eacute;tisme</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Peace or tranquillity of mind; calmness; indifference; apathy; dispassion; indisturbance; inaction.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Eccl. Hist.)</i> <def>The system of the Quietists, who maintained that religion consists in the withdrawal of the mind from worldly interests and anxieties and its constant employment in the passive contemplation of God and his attributes.</def></p>

<p><hw>Qui"et*ist</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. F. <i>qui&eacute;tiste</i>.] <i>(Eccl. Hist.)</i> <def>One of a sect of mystics originated in the seventeenth century by Molinos, a Spanish priest living in Rome. See <u>Quietism</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Qui`et*is"tic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of or pertaining to the Quietists, or to Quietism.</def></p>

<p><hw>Qui"et*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>In a quiet state or manner; without motion; in a state of rest; as, to lie or sit <i>quietly</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Without tumult, alarm, dispute, or disturbance; peaceably; as, to live <i>quietly</i>; to sleep <i>quietly</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>Calmly, without agitation or violent emotion; patiently; as, to submit <i>quietly</i> to unavoidable evils.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Noiselessly; silently; without remark or violent movement; in a manner to attract little or no observation; as, he <i>quietly</i> left the room.</def></p>

<p><hw>Qui"et*ness</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The quality or state of being quiet; freedom from noise, agitation, disturbance, or excitement; stillness; tranquillity; calmness.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>I would have peace and <i>quietness</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Qui"et*some</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Calm; still.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Qui"e*tude</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>quietudo</i>: cf. F. <i>qui&eacute;tude</i>.] <def>Rest; repose; quiet; tranquillity.</def> <i>Shelley.</i></p>

<p><hw>Qui*e"tus</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [LL. <i>quietus</i> quit, discharged, L., at rest, quiet, dead. See <u>Quiet</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>, and cf. <u>Quit</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>] <def>Final discharge or acquittance, as from debt or obligation; that which silences claims; (Fig.) rest; death.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>When he himself might his <i>quietus</i> make<BR> With a bare bodkin.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Quill</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Perhaps fr. F. <i>quille</i> ninepin (see <u>Kayless</u>); but cf. also G. <i>kiel</i> a quill. MHG. <i>kil</i>, and Ir. <i>cuille</i> a quill.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One of the large feathers of a bird's wing, or one of the rectrices of the tail; also, the stock of such a feather.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A pen for writing made by sharpening and splitting the point or nib of the stock of a feather; as, history is the proper subject of his <i>quill</i>.</def> <i>Sir H. Wotton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A spine of the hedgehog or porcupine.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The pen of a squid. See <u>Pen</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Mus.)</i> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The plectrum with which musicians strike the strings of certain instruments.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>The tube of a musical instrument.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He touched the tender stops of various <i>quills</i>.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>Something having the form of a quill</def>; as: <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>The fold or plain of a ruff.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <i>(Weaving)</i> <def>A spindle, or spool, as of reed or wood, upon which the thread for the woof is wound in a shuttle.</def> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <i>(Mach.)</i> <def>A hollow spindle.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Quill bit</b></col>, <cd>a bit for boring resembling the half of a reed split lengthways and having its end sharpened like a gouge.</cd> — <col><b>Quill driver</b></col>, <cd>one who works with a pen; a writer; a clerk.</cd> [Jocose] — <col><b>Quill nib</b></col>, <cd>a small quill pen made to be used with a holder.</cd> <i>Simmonds.</i></p>

<p><hw>Quill</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Quilled</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Quilling</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To plaint in small cylindrical ridges, called quillings; as, to <i>quill</i> a ruffle.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>His cravat seemed <i>quilled</i> into a ruff.</blockquote> <i>Goldsmith.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To wind on a quill, as thread or yarn.</def> <i>Judd.</i></p>

<p><hw>Quil*la"ia bark`</hw> (?). <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The bark of a rosaceous tree (<i>Quillaja Saponaria</i>), native of Chili. The bark is finely laminated, and very heavy with alkaline substances, and is used commonly by the Chilians instead of soap. Also called <i>soap bark</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quill"back`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>An American fresh-water fish (<i>Ictiobus, or Carpiodes, cyprinus</i>); — called also <i>carp sucker</i>, <i>sailfish</i>, <i>spearfish</i>, and <i>skimback</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quilled</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Furnished with quills; also, shaped like quills.</def> "A sharp-<i>quilled</i> porcupine." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Quilled suture</b></col> <i>(Surg.)</i>, <cd>a variety of stitch in which the threads after being passed deeply through the edges of a wound are secured about two quills or bodies of similar shape, in order to produce a suitable degree of pressure.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Quil"let</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>quidlibet</i> what you please. Cf. <u>Quiddit</u>, and <u>Quibble</u>.] <def>Subtilty; nicety; quibble.</def> "Nice, sharp <i>quillets</i> of the law." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Quill"ing</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A band of linen, muslin, or the like, fluted, folded, or plaited so as somewhat to resemble a row of quills.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <def>One of the rounded plaits or flutings of such a band.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quill"wort`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Any plant or species of the genus <i>Isoetes</i>, cryptogamous plants with a cluster of elongated four-tubed rushlike leaves, rising from a corm, and containing spores in their enlarged and excavated bases. There are about seventeen American species, usually growing in the mud under still, shallow water. So called from the shape of the shape of the leaves.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quilt</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>quilte</i>, OF. <i>cuilte</i>, L. <i>culcita &?;</i> bed, cushion, mattress. Cf. 2d <u>Counterpoint</u>, <u>Cushion</u>.] <def>Anything that is quilted; esp., a quilted bed cover, or a skirt worn by women; any cover or garment made by putting wool, cotton, etc., between two cloths and stitching them together; also, any outer bed cover.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The beds were covered with magnificent <i>quilts</i>.</blockquote> <i>Arbuthnot.</i></p>

<p><hw>Quilt</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Quilted</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Quilting</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To stitch or sew together at frequent intervals, in order to confine in place the several layers of cloth and wadding of which a garment, comforter, etc., may be made; as, to <i>quilt</i> a coat.</def> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To wad, as a garment, with warm soft material.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To stitch or sew in lines or patterns.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quilt"er</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who, or that which, quilts.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quilt"ing</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of stitching or running in patterns, as in making a quilt.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A quilting bee. See <u>Bee</u>, 2.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>The material used for making quilts.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>A coating of strands of rope for a water vessel.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quin</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A European scallop (<i>Pecten opercularis</i>), used as food.</def> [Prov. Eng.]</p>

<p><hw>Quin*al"dine</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Quin</i>oline + <i>alde</i>hyde + anil<i>ine</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A colorless liquid of a slightly pungent odor, C<sub>9</sub>H<sub>6</sub>N.CH<sub>3</sub>, first obtained as a condensation product of aldehyde and aniline, and regarded as a derivative of quinoline; — called also <i>methyl quinoline</i>.</def> [Written also <i>chinaldine</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Qui"na*ry</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>quinarius</i>, from <i>quini</i> five each, akin to <i>quinque</i> five: cf. F. <i>quinaire</i>. See <u>Five</u>.] <def>Consisting of five; arranged by fives.</def> <i>Boyle.</i></p>

<p><col><b>Quinary system</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a fanciful classification based on the hypothesis that each group contains five types.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Qui"nate</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>quini</i> five each.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Growing in sets of five; — said especially of leaves composed of five leaflets set at the end of a common petiole.</def></p>

<p><hw>Qui"nate</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A salt of quinic acid.</def> [Written also <i>kinate</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Quin"a*zol</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Quin</i>oline + <i>az</i>ote.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A complex nitrogenous base related to cinnoline.</def> [Written also <i>chinazol</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Quince</hw> (kw&ibreve;ns), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Prob. a pl. from OE. <i>quyne</i>, <i>coin</i>, OF. <i>coin</i>, <i>cooin</i>, F. <i>coing</i>, from L. <i>Cydonius</i> a quince tree, as adj., Cydonian, Gr. &?; Cydonian, &?; &?; a quince, fr. &?; Cydonia, a city in Crete, &?; the Cydonians. Cf. <u>Quiddany</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The fruit of a shrub (<i>Cydonia vulgaris</i>) belonging to the same tribe as the apple. It somewhat resembles an apple, but differs in having many seeds in each carpel. It has hard flesh of high flavor, but very acid, and is largely used for marmalade, jelly, and preserves.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>a quince tree or shrub.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Japan quince</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>an Eastern Asiatic shrub (<i>Cydonia</i>, formerly <i>Pyrus, Japonica</i>) and its very fragrant but inedible fruit. The shrub has very showy flowers, usually red, but sometimes pink or white, and is much grown for ornament.</cd> — <col><b>Quince curculio</b></col> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i>, <cd>a small gray and yellow curculio (<i>Conotrachelus crat&aelig;gi</i>) whose larva lives in quinces.</cd> — <col><b>Quince tree</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>the small tree (<i>Cydonia vulgaris</i>) which produces the quince.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Quince"wort`</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The squinancy. Called also <i>quinsywort</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quinch</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [Cf. OD. <i>quincken</i> to quiver, shake, Fries. <i>quink</i> hovering. Cf. <u>Quich</u>.] <def>To stir; to wince.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Quin*cun"cial</hw> (?), [L. <i>quincuncialis</i>, from <i>quincunx</i>. See <u>Quincunx</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Having the form of a quincunx.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Having the leaves of a pentamerous calyx or corolla so imbricated that two are exterior, two are interior, and the other has one edge exterior and one interior; as, <i>quincuncial</i> &aelig;stivation.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Quincuncial phyllotaxy</b></col> <i>(Bot.)</i>, <cd>an arrangement of five leaves in a spiral, each leaf two fifths of a circle from the next.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Quin*cun"cial*ly</hw>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In the manner or order of a quincunx.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quin"cunx</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., fr. <i>quinque</i> five + <i>uncia</i> an ounce. The quincunx was marked by five small spots or balls. See <u>Five</u>, and <u>Ounce</u> the weight.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>An arrangement of things by fives in a square or a rectangle, one being placed at each corner and one in the middle; especially, such an arrangement of trees repeated indefinitely, so as to form a regular group with rows running in various directions.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Astrol.)</i> <def>The position of planets when distant from each other five signs, or 150&deg;.</def> <i>Hutton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A quincuncial arrangement, as of the parts of a flower in &aelig;stivation. See <u>Quincuncial</u>, 2.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quin*dec"a*gon</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>quindec</i>im fifteen + Gr. &?; angle.] <i>(Geom.)</i> <def>A plane figure with fifteen angles, and consequently fifteen sides.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Quin`de*cem"vir</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> E. <plw><b>Quindecemvirs</b></plw> (#), L. <plw><b>Quindecemviri</b></plw> (#). [L., from <i>quindecim</i> fifteen + <i>vir</i> a man.] <i>(Rom. Antiq.)</i> <def>One of a sacerdotal college of fifteen men whose chief duty was to take care of the Sibylline books.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quin`de*cem"vi*rate</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>quindecimviratus</i>.] <def>The body or office of the quindecemviri.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quin*dec"one</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>quindecim</i> fifteen.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>An unsaturated hydrocarbon, C<sub>15</sub>H<sub>26</sub>, of the valylene series, produced artificially as an oily liquid.</def> [Written also <i>quindekone</i>.]</p>

<p><! p. 1179 !></p>

<p><hw>Quin`de*cyl"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>quindecim</i> fifteen + <i>-yl</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, an acid of the fatty acid series, containing fifteen atoms of carbon; called also <i>pentadecylic</i> acid.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quin"dem</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A fifteenth part.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Quin"dism</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A fifteenth.</def> [Obs.] <i>Prynne.</i></p>

<p><hw>Quin*hy"drone</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Quin</i>one + <i>hydro</i>quinone.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A green crystalline substance formed by the union of quinone with hydroquinone, or as an intermediate product in the oxidation of hydroquinone or the reduction of quinone.</def> [Written also <i>chinhydrone</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>||Quin"i*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Quinine.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quin"i*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>quini</i> five each.] <i>(Mus.)</i> <def>An interval of a fifth; also, a part sung with such intervals.</def> [Obs.] "He sang . . . a loud <i>quynyble</i>." <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Quin"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See <u>Quinine</u>, and cf. <u>Kinic</u>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Pertaining to, derived from, or connected with, quinine and related compounds; specifically, designating a nonnitrogenous acid obtained from cinchona bark, coffee, beans, etc., as a white crystalline substance.</def> [Written also <i>chinic</i>, <i>kinic</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Quin"i*cine</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>An uncrystallizable alkaloid obtained by the action of heat from quinine, with which it is isomeric.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quin"i*dine</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>An alkaloid isomeric with, and resembling, quinine, found in certain species of cinchona, from which it is extracted as a bitter white crystalline substance; conchinine. It is used somewhat as a febrifuge.</def> [Written also <i>chinidine</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Qui"nine</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. (cf. Sp. <i>quinina</i>), fr. Sp. <i>quina</i>, or <i>quinaquina</i>, Peruvian bark, fr. Peruv. <i>kina</i>, <i>quina</i>, bark. Cf. <u>Kinic</u>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>An alkaloid extracted from the bark of several species of cinchona (esp. <i>Cinchona Calisaya</i>) as a bitter white crystalline substance, C<sub>20</sub>H<sub>24</sub>N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>. Hence, by extension <i>(Med.)</i>, any of the salts of this alkaloid, as the acetate, chloride, sulphate, etc., employed as a febrifuge or antiperiodic. Called also <i>quinia</i>, <i>quinina</i>, etc.</def> [Written also <i>chinine</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Qui*nin"ic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, a nitrogenous acid obtained as a yellow crystalline substance by the oxidation of quinine.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Qui"nin*ism</hw> (?), <hw>Qui"nism</hw> (?), } <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>See <u>Cinchonism</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Qui*niz"a*rin</hw> (?), [Hydro<i>quin</i>one + <i>alizarin</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A yellow crystalline substance produced artificially. It is isomeric with alizarin.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quin"i*zine</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Quin</i>oline + hydra<i>zine</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>any one of a series of nitrogenous bases, certain of which are used as antipyretics.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quin"nat</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From the native name.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The California salmon (<i>Oncorhynchus choicha</i>); — called also <i>chouicha</i>, <i>king salmon</i>, <i>chinnook salmon</i>, and <i>Sacramento salmon</i>. It is of great commercial importance.</def> [Written also <i>quinnet</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>||Qui*no"a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The seeds of a kind of goosewort (<i>Chenopodium Quinoa</i>), used in Chili and Peru for making porridge or cakes; also, food thus made.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quin"o*gen</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Quin</i>ine + <i>-gen</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A hypothetical radical of quinine and related alkaloids.</def></p>

<p><hw>Qui*noid"ine</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Quin</i>ine + <i>-oid</i>.] <i>(Med. (Chem.)</i> <def>A brownish resinous substance obtained as a by-product in the treatment of cinchona bark. It consists of a mixture of several alkaloids.</def> [Written also <i>chinoidine</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Quin"o*line</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Quin</i>ine + L. <i>ol</i>eum oil + <i>-ine</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A nitrogenous base, C<sub>9</sub>H<sub>7</sub>N obtained as a pungent colorless liquid by the distillation of alkaloids, bones, coal tar, etc. It the nucleus of many organic bodies, especially of certain alkaloids and related substances; hence, by extension, any one of the series of alkaloidal bases of which quinoline proper is the type.</def> [Written also <i>chinoline</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Qui*nol"o*gist</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who is versed in quinology.</def></p>

<p><hw>Qui*nol"o*gy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Quin</i>ine + <i>-logy</i>.] <def>The science which treats of the cultivation of the cinchona, and of its use in medicine.</def></p>

<p><hw>Qui"none</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Quin</i>ine + ket<i>one</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A crystalline substance, C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>O<sub>2</sub> (called also <i>benzoketone</i>), first obtained by the oxidation of quinic acid and regarded as a double ketone; also, by extension, any one of the series of which quinone proper is the type.</def> [Written also <i>chinone</i>, <i>kinone</i>.] </p>

<p><hw>Qui*no"vic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Pertaining to, or designating, a crystalline acid obtained from some varieties of cinchona bark.</def> [Written also <i>chinovic</i>, and <i>kinovic</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Qui*no"vin</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL. <i>quina nova</i> the tree <i>Cosmibuena magnifolia</i>, whose bark yields quinovin.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>An amorphous bitter glucoside derived from cinchona and other barks. Called also <i>quinova bitter</i>, and <i>quinova</i>.</def> [Written also <i>chinovin</i>, and <i>kinovin</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Quin*ox"a*line</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Quin</i>oline + gly<i>oxal</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Any one of a series of complex nitrogenous bases obtained by the union of certain aniline derivatives with glyoxal or with certain ketones.</def> [Written also <i>chinoxaline</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Quin*ox"yl</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Quin</i>one + <i>oxy</i>gen + <i>-yl</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>The hypothetical radical of certain quinone derivatives related to rhodizonic acid.</def></p>

<p><hw>Qui"noyl</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Quin</i>one + <i>- yl</i>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>A radical of which quinone is the hydride, analogous to phenyl.</def> [Written also <i>kinoyl</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Quin`qua*ges"i*ma</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L., fr. <i>quinquagesimus</i> the fiftieth, akin to <i>quinquaginta</i> fifty, <i>quinque</i> five. See <u>Five</u>.] <def>Fiftieth.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Quinquagesima Sunday</b></col>, <cd>the Sunday which is the fiftieth day before Easter, both days being included in the reckoning; — called also <i>Shrove Sunday</i>.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Quin*quan"gu*lar</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>quinquanqulus</i>; <i>quinque</i> five + <i>angulus</i> ad angle: cf. F. <i>quinquangulaire</i>.] <def>Having five angles or corners.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quin`quar*tic"u*lar</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Quin</i>que- + <i>article</i>.] <i>(Theol.)</i> <def>Relating to the five articles or points; as, the <i>quinquarticular</i> controversy between Arminians and Calvinists.</def> [Obs.] <i>Bp. Sanderson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Quin"que-</hw> (?). [L. <i>quinque</i> five. See <u>Five</u>.] <def>A combining form meaning <i>five</i>, <i>five times</i>, <i>fivefold</i>; as, <i>quinque</i>fid, five-cleft; <i>quinque</i>dentate, five-toothed.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quin"que*an`gled</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Quinque- </i> + <i>angle</i>.] <def>Having five angles; quinquangular.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Quin`que*den"tate</hw> (?), <hw>Quin`que*den"ta*ted</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Quinque-</i> + <i>dentate</i>, <i>- tated</i>: cf. F. <i>quinqu&eacute;dent&eacute;</i>.] <def>Five- toothed; as, a <i>quinquedentate</i> leaf.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quin`que*fa"ri*ous</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [From L. <i>quinque</i> five: cf. F. <i>quinqu&eacute;fari&eacute;</i>. Cf. <u>Bifarious</u>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Arranged in five vertical rows; pentastichous.</def> <i>Gray.</i></p>

<p><hw>Quin"que*fid</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Quique-</i> + the root of L. <i>findere</i> to cleave: cf. F. <i>quinqu&eacute;fide</i>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Sharply cut about halfway to the middle or base into five segments; as, a <i>quinquefid</i> leaf or corolla.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Quin`que*fo"li*ate</hw> (?), <hw>Quin`que*fo"li*a`ted</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Quinque-</i> + <i>foliate</i>, <i>- ated</i>: cf. F. <i>quinqu&eacute;foli&eacute;</i>, L. <i>quinquefolius</i>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Having five leaves or leaflets.</def> <i>Gray.</i></p>

<p><hw>Quin`que fo"li*o*late</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Having five leaflets.</def> <i>Gray.</i></p>

<p><hw>Quin`que*lit"er*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Quinque- </i> + <i>literal</i>.] <def>Consisting of five letters.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Quin`que*lo"bate</hw> (?), <hw>Quin`que*lo"ba*red</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Quinque-</i> + <i>lobate</i>, <i>-ated</i>: cf. F. <i>quinqu&eacute;lob&eacute;</i>.] <def>Cut less than halfway into portions, usually somewhat rounded; five-lobed; as, a <i>quinquelobate</i> leaf or corolla.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quin"que*lobed`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Quinque-</i> + <i>lobe</i>.] <def>Same as <u>Quinquelobate</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quin`que*loc"u*lar</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Quinque- </i> + <i>locular</i>: cf. F. <i>quinqu&eacute;loculaire</i>.] <def>Having five cells or loculi; five-celled; as, a <i>quinquelocular</i> pericarp.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quin"que*nerved`</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Quinque- </i> + <i>nerve</i>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Having five nerves; — said of a leaf with five nearly equal nerves or ribs rising from the end of the petiole.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Quin`quen*na"li*a</hw> (?), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [L., fr. <i>quinquennalis</i>. See <u>Ouinquennial</u>.] <i>(Rom. Antiq.)</i> <def>Public games celebrated every five years.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quin*quen"ni*al</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>quinquennalis</i> and <i>quinquennis</i>; <i>quinque</i> five + <i>annus</i> year. See <u>Five</u>, <i>and cf</i>. <u>Biennial</u>.] <def>Occurring once in five years, or at the end of every five years; also, lasting five years. A quinquennial event.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quin*quen"ni*um</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L.] <def>Space of five years.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quin*quep"ar*tite</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>quinquepartitus</i>; <i>quinque</i> five + <i>partitus</i>, p. p. of <i>partire</i> to divide: cf. F. <i>quinqu&eacute;partite</i>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Consisting of five parts.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Divided into five parts almost to the base.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quin"que*reme</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>quinqueremis</i>; <i>quinque</i> five + <i>remus</i> an oar: cf. F. <i>quinqu&eacute;r&egrave;me</i>] <def>A galley having five benches or banks of oars; as, an Athenian <i>quinquereme</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quin"que*syl`la*ble</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Quinque- </i> + <i>syllable</i>.] <def>A word of five syllables.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Quin"que*valve</hw> (?), <hw>Quin`que*val"vu*lar</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Quinque-</i> + <i>valve</i>, <i>valvular</i>: cf. F. <i>quinqu&eacute;valve</i>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Having five valves, as a pericarp.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Quin"que*vir</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; pl; E. <plw><b>Quinquevirs</b></plw> (#), L. <plw><b>Quinqueviri</b></plw> (#). [L., fr. <i>quinque</i> Five + <i>vir</i> man.] <i>(Bot. Antiq.)</i> <def>One of five commissioners appointed for some special object.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Quin*qui"na</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL. & F. See <u>Quinine</u>.] <def>Peruvian bark.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quin*quiv"a*lent</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [<i>Quinque- </i> + L. <i>valens</i>, <i>-entis</i>, p. pr. See <u>Valence</u>.] <i>(Chem.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Pentavalent</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quin"sy</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Contr. fr. <i>squinancy</i>, F. <i>esquinancie</i>, L. <i>cynanche</i> a sort of sore throat, Gr. &?; sore throat, dog quinsy, fr. &?; dog + &?; to choke; cf. also L. <i>synanche</i> sore throat, Gr. &?;. Cf. <u>Hound</u>, <u>Anger</u>, and <u>Cynanche</u>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>An inflammation of the throat, or parts adjacent, especially of the fauces or tonsils, attended by considerable swelling, painful and impeded deglutition, and accompanied by inflammatory fever. It sometimes creates danger of suffocation; — called also <i>squinancy</i>, and <i>squinzey</i>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quint</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>quinte</i>, fr. L. <i>quintus</i>, <i>quinta</i>, the fifth, <i>quinque</i> five. See <u>Five</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A set or sequence of five, as in piquet.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Mus.)</i> <def>The interval of a fifth.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quin"tain</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>quintaine</i>, LL. <i>quintana</i>; cf. W. <i>chwintan</i> a kind of hymeneal game.] <def>An object to be tilted at; — called also <i>quintel</i>.</def> [Written also <i>quintin</i>.]</p>

<p>&fist; A common form in the Middle Ages was an upright post, on the top of which turned a crosspiece, having on one end a broad board, and on the other a sand bag. The endeavor was to strike the board with the lance while riding under, and get away without being hit by the sand bag. "But a <i>quintain</i>, a mere lifeless block." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Quin"tal</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., fr. Sp. <i>quintal</i>, fr. Ar. <i>qintar</i> a weight of 100 lbs., prob. fr. L. <i>centenarius</i> consisting of a hundred, fr. <i>centeni</i> a hundred each, fr. <i>centum</i> a hundred. See <u>Hundred</u>, and cf. <u>Kentle</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A hundredweight, either 112 or 100 pounds, according to the scale used. Cf. <u>Cental</u>.</def> [Sometimes written and pronounced <i>kentle</i>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A metric measure of weight, being 100,000 grams, or 100 kilograms, equal to 220.46 pounds avoirdupois.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quin"tan</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>quintanus</i>, fr. <i>quintus</i> fifth, <i>quinque</i> five. See <u>Five</u>.] <def>Occurring as the fifth, after four others also, occurring every fifth day, reckoning inclusively; as, a <i>quintan</i> fever.</def> — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Med.)</i> <def>An intermittent fever which returns every fifth day, reckoning inclusively, or in which the intermission lasts three days.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quin"tel</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Quintain</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quin*tes"sence</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., fr. L. <i>quinta essentia</i> fifth essence. See <u>Quint</u>, and <u>Essence</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The fifth or last and highest essence or power in a natural body. See <i>Ferment oils</i>, under <u>Ferment</u>.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p>&fist; The ancient Greeks recognized four elements, fire, air, water, and earth. The Pythagoreans added a fifth and called it nether, the fifth essence, which they said flew upward at creation and out of it the stars were made. The alchemists sometimes considered alcohol, or the ferment oils, as the fifth essence.</p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Hence: An extract from anything, containing its rarest virtue, or most subtle and essential constituent in a small quantity; pure or concentrated essence.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Let there be light, said God; and forthwith light<BR> Ethereal, first of things, <i>quintessence</i> pure,<BR> Sprung from the deep.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Quin*tes"sence</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To distil or extract as a quintessence; to reduce to a quintessence.</def> [R.] <i>Stirling.</i> "Truth <i>quintessenced</i> and raised to the highest power." <i>J. A. Symonds.</i></p>

<p><hw>Quin`tes*sen"tial</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of the nature of a quintessence; purest.</def> "<i>Quintessential</i> extract of mediocrity." <i>G. Eliot.</i></p>

<p>{ <hw>Quin*tet"</hw>, <hw>Quin*tette"</hw> } (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [It. <i>quintetto</i>, dim. of <i>quinto</i> the fifth, a fifth part, from L. <i>quintus</i> the fifth: cf. F. <i>quintette</i>. See <u>Quint</u>.] <i>(Mus.)</i> <def>A composition for five voices or instruments; also, the set of five persons who sing or play five-part music.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quin"tic</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>quintus</i> fifth, fr. <i>quinque</i> five.] <i>(Alg.)</i> <def>Of the fifth degree or order.</def> — <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Alg.)</i> <def>A quantic of the fifth degree. See <u>Quantic</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quin"tile</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>quintil aspect</i>, fr. L. <i>quintus</i> the fifth.] <i>(Astron.)</i> <def>The aspect of planets when separated the fifth part of the zodiac, or 72&deg;.</def> <i>Hutton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Quin*till"lion</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Formed fr. L. <i>quintus</i> the fifth, after the analogy of <i>million</i>: cf. F. <i>quintillion</i>. See <u>Quint</u>.] <def>According to the French notation, which is used on the Continent and in America, the cube of a million, or a unit with eighteen ciphers annexed; according to the English notation, a number produced by involving a million to the fifth power, or a unit with thirty ciphers annexed. See the Note under <u>Numeration</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quin"tin</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Quintain</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quin"tine</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>quintus</i> the fifth: cf. F. <i>quintine</i>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The embryonic sac of an ovule, sometimes regarded as an innermost fifth integument. Cf. <u>Quartine</u>, and <u>Tercine</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quin"tole</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [It. <i>quinto</i> fifth.] <i>(Mus.)</i> <def>A group of five notes to be played or sung in the time of four of the same species.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quin"tu*ple</hw> (?), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>quintus</i> fifth: cf. F. <i>quintuple</i>, L. <i>quintuplex</i>. Cf. <u>Quadruple</u>.] <def>Multiplied by five; increased to five times the amount; fivefold.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Quintuple time</b></col> <i>(Mus.)</i>, <cd>a time having five beats in a measure. It is seldom used.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Quin"tu*ple</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Quintupled</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Quintupling</u>.] [Cf. F. <i>quintupler</i>.] <def>To make fivefold, or five times as much or many.</def></p>

<p>{ <hw>Quit"tu*ple-nerved`</hw> (?), <hw>Quin"tu*ple-ribbed`</hw> (?), } <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>The same as <u>Quinquenerved</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quin"zaine</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., from <i>quinze</i> fifteen, L. <i>quindecim</i>. See <u>Fifteen</u>.] <def>The fifteenth day after a feast day, including both in the reckoning.</def> [Written also <i>quinzain</i>.]</p>

<p><hw>Quinze</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F.] <def>A game at cards in which the object is to make fifteen points.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quip</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Cf. W. <i>chwip</i> a quick flirt or turn, <i>chwipio</i> to whip, to move briskly, and E. <i>whip</i>. Cf. <u>Quib</u>, <u>Quibble</u>.] <def>A smart, sarcastic turn or jest; a taunt; a severe retort; a gibe.</def></p>

<p><blockquote><i>Quips</i>, and cranks, and wanton wiles.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>He was full of joke and jest,<BR> But all his merry <i>quips</i> are o'er.</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Quip</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Quipped</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Quipping</u> (?).] <def>To taunt; to treat with quips.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The more he laughs, and does her closely <i>quip</i>.</blockquote> <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Quip</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To scoff; to use taunts.</def> <i>Sir H. Sidney.</i></p>

<p><hw>Qui"po</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Same as <u>Quipu</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Qui"pu</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>; <i>pl.</i> <plw><b>Quipus</b></plw> (#). [Peruv. <i>quipu</i> a knot.] <def>A contrivance employed by the ancient Peruvians, Mexicans, etc., as a substitute for writing and figures, consisting of a main cord, from which hung at certain distances smaller cords of various colors, each having a special meaning, as silver, gold, corn, soldiers. etc. Single, double, and triple knots were tied in the smaller cords, representing definite numbers. It was chiefly used for arithmetical purposes, and to register important facts and events.</def> [Written also <i>quipo</i>.] <i>Tylor.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The mysterious science of the <i>quipus</i> . . . supplied the Peruvians with the means of communicating their ideas to one another, and of transmitting them to future generations.</blockquote> <i>Prescott.</i></p>

<p><hw>Quir"boil*ly`</hw> (kw&ibreve;r"boi*l&emacr;`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>cuir bouilli</i>.] <def>Leather softened by boiling so as to take any required shape. Upon drying, it becomes exceedingly hard, and hence was formerly used for armor.</def> [Obs.] "His jambeux were of <i>quyrboilly</i>." <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Quire</hw> (kw&imacr;r), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Choir</u>.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>A <i>quire</i> of such enticing birds.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Quire</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To sing in concert.</def> [R.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><! p. 1180 pr=vmg !></p>

<p><hw>Quire</hw> (kw&imacr;r), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>quaer</i>, <i>quair</i>, OF. <i>quayer</i>, <i>cayer</i>, <i>ca&iuml;er</i>, F. <i>cahier</i>, a book of loose sheets, a quarter of a quire, LL. <i>quaternus</i>, <i>quaternum</i>, sheets of paper packed together, properly, four together, fr. L. <i>quaterni</i> four each, by fours, <i>quattuor</i> four. See <u>Four</u>, and cf. <u>Cahier</u>.] <def>A collection of twenty-four sheets of paper of the same size and quality, unfolded or having a single fold; one twentieth of a ream.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quir"is*ter</hw> (kw&ibreve;r"&ibreve;s*t&etilde;r), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Quire</u>, <u>Chorister</u>.] <def>A chorister. See <u>Chorister</u>.</def> [R.] <i>Thomson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Quir`i*ta"tion</hw> (kw&ibreve;r`&ibreve;*t&amacr;"sh&ubreve;n), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>quiritatio</i>, fr. <i>quiritare</i> to raise a plaintive cry, v. freq. fr. <i>queri</i> to complain.] <def>A crying for help.</def> [Obs.] <i>Bp. Hall.</i></p>

<p><hw>Qui"rite</hw> (kw&imacr;"r&imacr;t), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One of the Quirites.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Qui*ri"tes</hw> (kw&ibreve;*r&imacr;"t&emacr;z), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> [L., fr. <i>Cures</i>, a Sabine town.] <i>(Rom. Antiq.)</i> <def>Roman citizens.</def></p>

<p>&fist; After the Sabines and Romans had united themselves into one community, under Romulus, the name of <i>Quirites</i> was taken in addition to that of <i>Romani</i>, the Romans calling themselves in a civil capacity <i>Quirites</i>, while in a political and military capacity they retained the name of <i>Romani</i>. <i>Andrews.</i></p>

<p><hw>Quirk</hw> (kw&etilde;rk), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Written also <i>querk</i>.] [Cf. W. <i>chwiori</i> to turn briskly, or E. <i>queer</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A sudden turn; a starting from the point or line; hence, an artful evasion or subterfuge; a shift; a quibble; as, the <i>quirks</i> of a pettifogger.</def> "Some <i>quirk</i> or . . . evasion." <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>We ground the justification of our nonconformity on dark subtilties and intricate <i>quirks</i>.</blockquote> <i>Barrow.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A fit or turn; a short paroxysm; a caprice.</def> [Obs.] "<i>Quirks</i> of joy and grief." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A smart retort; a quibble; a shallow conceit.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Some odd <i>quirks</i> and remnants of wit.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>An irregular air; as, light <i>quirks</i> of music.</def> <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <i>(Building)</i> <def>A piece of ground taken out of any regular ground plot or floor, so as to make a court, yard, etc.; — sometimes written <i>quink</i>.</def> <i>Gwilt.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>A small channel, deeply recessed in proportion to its width, used to insulate and give relief to a convex rounded molding.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Quirk molding</b></col>, <cd>a bead between two quirks.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Quirked</hw> (kw&etilde;rkt), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Having, or formed with, a quirk or quirks.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quirk"ish</hw> (kw&etilde;rk"&ibreve;sh), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Consisting of quirks; resembling a quirk.</def> <i>Barrow.</i></p>

<p><hw>Quirk"y</hw> (-&ybreve;), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Full of quirks; tricky; as, a <i>quirky</i> lawyer.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quirl</hw> (kw&etilde;rl), <pos><i>n. & v.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Querl</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quir"pele</hw> (kw&etilde;r"p&emacr;l), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Tamil <i>k&imacr;rippi&lsdot;&lsdot;ai</i>.] <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>The Indian ferret.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quirt</hw> (kw&etilde;rt), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A rawhide whip plaited with two thongs of buffalo hide.</def> <i>T. Roosevelt.</i></p>

<p><hw>Quish</hw> (kw&ibreve;sh), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Cuish</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quit</hw> (kw&ibreve;t), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>Any one of numerous species of small passerine birds native of tropical America. See <i>Banana quit</i>, under <u>Banana</u>, and <u>Guitguit</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quit</hw> (kw&ibreve;t), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [OE. <i>quite</i>, OF. <i>quite</i>, F. <i>quitte</i>. See <u>Quit</u>, <pos><i>v.</i></pos>, <u>Quiet</u>.] <def>Released from obligation, charge, penalty, etc.; free; clear; absolved; acquitted.</def> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The owner of the ox shall be <i>quit</i>.</blockquote> <i>Ex. xxi. 28.</i></p>

<p>&fist; This word is sometimes used in the form <i>quits</i>, colloquially; as, to be <i>quits</i> with one, that is, to have made mutual satisfaction of demands with him; to be even with him; hence, as an exclamation: <i>Quits</i>! we are even, or on equal terms. "To cry <i>quits</i> with the commons in their complaints." <i>Fuller.</i></p>

<p><hw>Quit</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Quit</u> or <u>Quitted</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Quitting</u>.] [OE. <i>quiten</i>, OF. <i>quiter</i>, <i>quitier</i>, <i>cuitier</i>, F. <i>quitter</i>, to acquit, quit, LL. <i>quietare</i>, fr. L. <i>quietare</i> to calm, to quiet, fr. <i>quietus</i> quiet. See <u>Quiet</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>, and cf. <u>Quit</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>, <u>Quite</u>, <u>Acquit</u>, <u>Requite</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To set at rest; to free, as from anything harmful or oppressive; to relieve; to clear; to liberate.</def> [R.]</p>

<p><blockquote>To <i>quit</i> you of this fear, you have already looked Death in the face; what have you found so terrible in it?</blockquote> <i>Wake.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To release from obligation, accusation, penalty, or the like; to absolve; to acquit.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>There may no gold them <i>quyte</i>.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>God will relent, and <i>quit</i> thee all his debt.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To discharge, as an obligation or duty; to meet and satisfy, as a claim or debt; to make payment for or of; to requite; to repay.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The blissful martyr <i>quyte</i> you your meed.</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Enkindle all the sparks of nature<BR> To <i>quit</i> this horrid act.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Before that judge that <i>quits</i> each soul his hire.</blockquote> <i>Fairfax.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To meet the claims upon, or expectations entertained of; to conduct; to acquit; — used reflexively.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Be strong, and <i>quit</i> yourselves like men.</blockquote> <i>1 Sam. iv. 9.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>Samson hath <i>quit</i> himself<BR> Like Samson.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>To carry through; to go through to the end.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>Never worthy prince a day did <i>quit</i><BR> With greater hazard and with more renown.</blockquote> <i>Daniel.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>6.</b></sn> <def>To have done with; to cease from; to stop; hence, to depart from; to leave; to forsake; as, to <i>quit</i> work; to <i>quit</i> the place; to <i>quit</i> jesting.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Such a superficial way of examining is to <i>quit</i> truth for appearance.</blockquote> <i>Locke.</i></p>

<p><col><b>To quit cost</b></col>, <cd>to pay; to reimburse.</cd> — <col><b>To quit scores</b></col>, <cd>to make even; to clear mutually from demands.</cd></p>

<p><blockquote>Does not the earth <i>quit scores</i> with all the elements in the noble fruits that issue from it?</blockquote> <i>South.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — To leave; relinquish; resign; abandon; forsake; surrender; discharge; requite. — <u>Quit</u>, <u>Leave</u>. <i>Leave</i> is a general term, signifying merely an act of departure; <i>quit</i> implies a going without intention of return, a final and absolute abandonment.</p>

<p><hw>Quit</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To go away; to depart; to stop doing a thing; to cease.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quitch</hw> (kw&ibreve;ch), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Same as <u>Quitch grass</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Figuratively: A vice; a taint; an evil.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>To pick the vicious <i>quitch</i><BR> Of blood and custom wholly out of him.</blockquote> <i>Tennyson.</i></p>

<p><hw>Quitch" grass`</hw> (kw&ibreve;ch" gr&adot;s`). [Properly <i>quick grass</i>, being probably so called from its vigorous growth, or from its tenacity of life. See <u>Quick</u>, and cf. <u>Couch grass</u>.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A perennial grass (<i>Agropyrum repens</i>) having long running rootstalks, by which it spreads rapidly and pertinaciously, and so becomes a troublesome weed. Also called <i>couch grass</i>, <i>quack grass</i>, <i>quick grass</i>, <i>twitch grass</i>. See <i>Illustration</i> in Appendix.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quit"claim`</hw> (kw&ibreve;t"kl&amacr;m`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Quit</i>, a. + <i>claim</i>.] <i>(Law)</i> <def>A release or relinquishment of a claim; a deed of release; an instrument by which some right, title, interest, or claim, which one person has, or is supposed to have, in or to an estate held by himself or another, is released or relinquished, the grantor generally covenanting only against persons who claim under himself.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quit"claim`</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Quitclaimed</u> (-kl&amacr;md`); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Quitclaiming</u>.] <i>(Law)</i> <def>To release or relinquish a claim to; to release a claim to by deed, without covenants of warranty against adverse and paramount titles.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quite</hw> (kw&imacr;t), <pos><i>v. t. & i.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Quit</u>.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Quite</hw> (kw&imacr;t), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> [F. <i>quitte</i> discharged, free, clear; cf. OF. <i>quitement</i> freely, frankly, entirely. See <u>Quit</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Completely; wholly; entirely; totally; perfectly; as, the work is not <i>quite</i> done; the object is <i>quite</i> accomplished; to be <i>quite</i> mistaken.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Man shall not <i>quite</i> be lost, but saved who will.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The same actions may be aimed at different ends, and arise from <i>quite</i> contrary principles.</blockquote> <i>Spectator.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To a great extent or degree; very; very much; considerably.</def> "<i>Quite</i> amusing." <i>Macaulay.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>He really looks <i>quite</i> concerned.</blockquote> <i>Landor.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>The island stretches along the land and is <i>quite</i> close to it.</blockquote> <i>Jowett (Thucyd. ).</i></p>

<p><hw>Quit"ly</hw> (kw&ibreve;t"l&ybreve;), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>Quite.</def> [Obs.] <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Quit"rent`</hw> (kw&ibreve;t"r&ebreve;nt`), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Quit</i>, a. + <i>rent</i>.] <i>(Law)</i> <def>A rent reserved in grants of land, by the payment of which the tenant is quit from other service.</def> <i>Blackstone.</i></p>

<p>&fist; In some of the United States a fee-farm rent is so termed. <i>Burrill.</i></p>

<p><hw>Quits</hw> (kw&ibreve;ts), <pos><i>interj.</i></pos> <def>See the Note under <u>Quit</u>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos></def></p>

<p><hw>Quit"ta*ble</hw> (kw&ibreve;t"t&adot;*b'l), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Capable of being quitted.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quit"tal</hw> (-t<i>a</i>l), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Return; requital; quittance.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Quit"tance</hw> (-t<i>a</i>ns), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>quitaunce</i>, OF. <i>quitance</i>, F. <i>quittance</i>. See <u>Quit</u>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos>] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Discharge from a debt or an obligation; acquittance.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Omittance is no <i>quittance</i>.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Recompense; return; repayment.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Quit"tance</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To repay; to requite.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Quit"ter</hw> (-t&etilde;r), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>One who quits.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A deliverer.</def> [Obs.] <i>Ainsworth.</i></p>

<p><hw>Quit"tor</hw> (-t&etilde;r), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Perhaps for <i>quitture</i>.] <i>(Far.)</i> <def>A chronic abscess, or fistula of the coronet, in a horse's foot, resulting from inflammation of the tissues investing the coffin bone.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quit"ture</hw> (-t&usl;r; 135), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A discharge; an issue.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>To cleanse the <i>quitture</i> from thy wound.</blockquote> <i>Chapman.</i></p>

<p><hw>Quiv"er</hw> (kw&ibreve;v"&etilde;r), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Akin to AS. <i>cwiferlice</i> anxiously; cf. OD. <i>kuiven</i>, <i>kuiveren</i>. Cf. <u>Quaver</u>.] <def>Nimble; active.</def> [Obs.] " A little <i>quiver</i> fellow." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Quiv"er</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Quivered</u> (-&etilde;rd); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Quivering</u>.] [Cf. <u>Quaver</u>.] <def>To shake or move with slight and tremulous motion; to tremble; to quake; to shudder; to shiver.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The green leaves <i>quiver</i> with the cooling wind.</blockquote> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><blockquote>And left the limbs still <i>quivering</i> on the ground.</blockquote> <i>Addison.</i></p>

<p><hw>Quiv"er</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The act or state of quivering; a tremor.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quiv"er</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OF. <i>cuivre</i>, <i>cuevre</i>, <i>coivre</i>, LL. <i>cucurum</i>, fr. OHG. <i>chohh&amacr;ri</i> quiver, receptacle, G. <i>k&ouml;cher</i> quiver; akin to AS. <i>cocor</i>, <i>cocur</i>, <i>cocer</i>, D. <i>koker</i>. Cf. <u>Cocker</u> a high shoe.] <def>A case or sheath for arrows to be carried on the person.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>Beside him hung his bow<BR> And <i>quiver</i>, with three-bolted thunder stored.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Quiv"ered</hw> (-&etilde;rd), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>Furnished with, or carrying, a quiver.</def> "Like a <i>quivered</i> nymph with arrows keen." <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Sheathed, as in a quiver.</def> "Whose quills stand <i>quivered</i> at his ear." <i>Pope.</i></p>

<p><hw>Quiv"er*ing*ly</hw> (-&etilde;r*&ibreve;ng*l&ybreve;), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>With quivering motion.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Qui` vive"</hw> (k&esl;` v&esl;v"). [F., fr. <i>qui</i> who + <i>vive</i>, pres. subj. of <i>vivre</i> to live.] <def>The challenge of a French sentinel, or patrol; — used like the English challenge: "Who comes there?"</def></p>

<p><col><b>To be on the qui vive</b></col>, <cd>to be on guard; to be watchful and alert, like a sentinel.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Quix*ot"ic</hw> (kw&ibreve;ks*&obreve;t"&ibreve;k), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Like Don Quixote; romantic to extravagance; absurdly chivalric; apt to be deluded.</def> "Feats of <i>quixotic</i> gallantry." <i>Prescott.</i></p>

<p><hw>Quix*ot"ic*al*ly</hw> (-&ibreve;*k<i>a</i>l*l&ybreve;), <pos><i>adv.</i></pos> <def>In a quixotic way.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quix"ot*ism</hw> (kw&ibreve;ks"&obreve;t*&ibreve;z'm), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>That form of delusion which leads to extravagant and absurd undertakings or sacrifices in obedience to a morbidly romantic ideal of duty or honor, as illustrated by the exploits of Don Quixote in knight-errantry.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quix"ot*ry</hw> (-r&ybreve;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Quixotism; visionary schemes.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quiz</hw> (kw&ibreve;z), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [It is said that Daly, the manager of a Dublin playhouse, laid a wager that a new word of no meaning should be the common talk and puzzle of the city in twenty-four hours. In consequence of this the letters <i>q u i z</i> were chalked by him on all the walls of Dublin, with an effect that won the wager. Perhaps, however, originally a variant of <i>whiz</i>, and formerly the name of a popular game.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A riddle or obscure question; an enigma; a ridiculous hoax.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>One who quizzes others; as, he is a great <i>quiz</i>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>An odd or absurd fellow.</def> <i>Smart. Thackeray.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>An exercise, or a course of exercises, conducted as a coaching or as an examination.</def> [Cant, U.S.]</p>

<p><hw>Quiz</hw> (kw&ibreve;z), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Quizzed</u> (kw&ibreve;zd); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Quizzing</u> (-z&ibreve;ng).] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To puzzle; to banter; to chaff or mock with pretended seriousness of discourse; to make sport of, as by obscure questions.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>He <i>quizzed</i> unmercifully all the men in the room.</blockquote> <i>Thackeray.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To peer at; to eye suspiciously or mockingly.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>To instruct in or by a quiz. See <u>Quiz</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, 4.</def> [U.S.]</p>

<p><col><b>Quizzing glass</b></col>, <cd>a small eyeglass.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Quiz</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To conduct a quiz. See <u>Quiz</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>, 4.</def> [U.S.]</p>

<p><hw>Quiz"zer</hw> (-z&etilde;r), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who quizzes; a quiz.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quiz"zic*al</hw> (-z&ibreve;*k<i>a</i>l), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Relating to quizzing; given to quizzing; of the nature of a quiz; farcical; sportive.</def></p>

<p>— <wf>Quiz"zic*al*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Quiz"zism</hw> (-z&ibreve;z'm), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The act or habit of quizzing.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quob</hw> (kw&obreve;b), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> [Cf. <u>Quaver</u>.] [Written also <i>quop</i> and <i>quab</i>.] <def>To throb; to quiver.</def> [Local & Vulgar]</p>

<p><hw>Quod</hw> (kw&obreve;d), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [For <i>quad</i>, abbrev. of <i>quadrangle</i>.] <def>A quadrangle or court, as of a prison; hence, a prison.</def> [Slang] "Flogged or whipped in <i>quod</i>." <i>T. Hughes.</i></p>

<p><hw>Quod</hw>, <pos><i>v.</i></pos> <def>Quoth; said. See <u>Quoth</u>.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><blockquote>"Let be," <i>quod</i> he, "it shall not be."</blockquote> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Quod"dies</hw> (kw&obreve;d"d&ibreve;z), <pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> <def>Herring taken and cured or smoked near Quoddy Head, Maine, or near the entrance of Passamaquoddy Bay.</def></p>

<p><hw>||Quod"li*bet</hw> (-l&ibreve;*b&ebreve;t), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., what you please.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A nice point; a subtilty; a debatable point.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>These are your <i>quodlibets</i>, but no learning.</blockquote> <i>P. Fletcher.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Mus.)</i> <def>A medley improvised by several performers.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quod`lib*e*ta"ri*an</hw> (- l&ibreve;b*&esl;*t&amacr;"r&ibreve;*<i>a</i>n), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who discusses any subject at pleasure.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quod`li*bet"ic*al</hw> (- l&ibreve;*b&ebreve;t"&ibreve;*k<i>a</i>l), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Not restricted to a particular subject; discussed for curiosity or entertainment.</def> — <wf>Quod`li*bet"ic*al*ly</wf>, <pos><i>adv.</i></pos></p>

<p><hw>Quoif</hw> (kwoif or koif), <pos><i>n. & v. t.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Coif</u>.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Quoif"fure</hw> (kwoif"f&usl;r or koif"-), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Coiffure</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quoil</hw> (kwoil or koil), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Coil</u>.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><hw>Quoin</hw> (kwoin or koin; 277), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <u>Coin</u>, and cf. <u>Coigne</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Arch.)</i> <def>Originally, a solid exterior angle, as of a building; now, commonly, one of the selected pieces of material by which the corner is marked.</def></p>

<p>&fist; In stone, the quoins consist of blocks larger than those used in the rest of the building, and cut to dimension. In brickwork, quoins consist of groups or masses of brick laid together, and in a certain imitation of quoins of stone.</p>

<p> <sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>A wedgelike piece of stone, wood, metal, or other material, used for various purposes</def>; as: <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <i>(Masonry)</i> <def>To support and steady a stone.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <i>(Gun.)</i> <def>To support the breech of a cannon.</def> <sd><i>(c)</i></sd> <i>(Print.)</i> <def>To wedge or lock up a form within a chase.</def> <sd><i>(d)</i></sd> <i>(Naut.)</i> <def>To prevent casks from rolling.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Hollow quoin</b></col>. <cd>See under <u>Hollow</u>.</cd> - - <col><b>Quoin post</b></col> <i>(Canals)</i>, <cd>the post of a lock gate which abuts against the wall.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Quoit</hw> (kwoit or koit), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [OE. <i>coite</i>; cf. OF. <i>coitier</i> to spur, press, (assumed) LL. <i>coctare</i>, fr. L. <i>coquere</i>, <i>coctum</i>, to cook, burn, vex, harass, E. <i>cook</i>, also W. <i>coeten</i> a quoit.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <sd><i>(a)</i></sd> <def>A flattened ring-shaped piece of iron, to be pitched at a fixed object in play; hence, any heavy flat missile used for the same purpose, as a stone, piece of iron, etc.</def> <sd><i>(b)</i></sd> <i>pl.</i> <def>A game played with quoits.</def> <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>The discus of the ancients. See <u>Discus</u>.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <def>A cromlech.</def> [Prov. Eng.] <i>J. Morley.</i></p>

<p><hw>Quoit</hw>, <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>To throw quoits; to play at quoits.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>To <i>quoit</i>, to run, and steeds and chariots drive.</blockquote> <i>Dryden.</i></p>

<p><hw>Quoit</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> <def>To throw; to pitch.</def> [Obs. or R.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Quoke</hw> (kw&omacr;k), obs. <def><pos><i>imp.</i></pos> of <u>Quake</u>.</def> <i>Chaucer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Quoll</hw> (kw&obreve;l), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Zo&ouml;l.)</i> <def>A marsupial of Australia (<i>Dasyurus macrurus</i>), about the size of a cat.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quon"dam</hw> (kw&obreve;n"d&abreve;m), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L., formerly.] <def>Having been formerly; former; sometime.</def> "This is the <i>quondam</i> king." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Quon"dam</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A person dismissed or ejected from a position.</def> [R.] "Make them <i>quondams</i>; . . . cast them out of their office." <i>Latimer.</i></p>

<p><hw>Quook</hw> (kw&oocr;k), <def><pos><i>imp.</i></pos> of <u>Quake</u>.</def> [Obs.] <i>Spenser.</i></p>

<p><hw>Quop</hw> (kw&obreve;p), <pos><i>v. i.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Quob</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quo"rum</hw> (kw&omacr;"r&ubreve;m), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L., of whom, gen. pl. of <i>qui</i> who, akin to E. <i>who</i>. See the Note below.] <def>Such a number of the officers or members of any body as is competent by law or constitution to transact business; as, a <i>quorum</i> of the House of Representatives; a constitutional <i>quorum</i> was not present.</def></p>

<p>&fist; The term arose from the Latin words, <i>Quorum aliquem vestrum</i> . . . <i>unum esse volumus</i> (of whom we wish some one of you to be one), which were used in the commission formerly issued to justices of the peace in England, by which commission it was directed that no business of certain kinds should be done without the presence of one or more of certain justices specially designated. <i>Justice of the peace and of the quorum</i> designates a class of justices of the peace in some of the United States.</p>

<p><hw>Quo"ta</hw> (kw&omacr;"t&adot;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [LL., fr. L. <i>quota</i> (sc. <i>pars</i>), fr. <i>quotus</i> which or what in number, of what number, how many, fr. <i>quot</i> how many, akin to <i>quis</i>, <i>qui</i>, who: cf. It. <i>quota</i> a share. See <u>Who</u>.] <def>A proportional part or share; the share or proportion assigned to each in a division.</def> "<i>Quota</i> of troops and money." <i>Motley.</i></p>

<p><hw>Quot"a*ble</hw> (kw&omacr;t"&adot;*b'l), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Capable or worthy of being quoted; as, a <i>quotable</i> writer; a <i>quotable</i> sentence.</def></p>

<p>— <wf>Quot`a*bil"i*ty</wf> (-b&ibreve;l"&ibreve;*t&ybreve;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>Poe.</i></p>

<p><hw>Quo*ta"tion</hw> (kw&osl;*t&amacr;"sh&ubreve;n), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [From <u>Quote</u>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The act of quoting or citing.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>That which is quoted or cited; a part of a book or writing named, repeated, or adduced as evidence or illustration.</def> <i>Locke.</i></p>

<p><! p. 1181 pr=vmg !></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Com.)</i> <def>The naming or publishing of the current price of stocks, bonds, or any commodity; also, the price named.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>Quota; share.</def> [Obs.]</p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <i>(Print.)</i> <def>A piece of hollow type metal, lower than type, and measuring two or more pica ems in length and breadth, used in the blank spaces at the beginning and end of chapters, etc.</def></p>

<p><col><b>Quotation marks</b></col> <i>(Print.)</i>, <cd>two inverted commas placed at the beginning, and two apostrophes at the end, of a passage quoted from an author in his own words.</cd></p>

<p><hw>Quo*ta"tion*ist</hw> (kw&osl;*t&amacr;"sh&ubreve;n*&ibreve;st), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who makes, or is given to making, quotations.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>The narrow intellectuals of <i>quotationists</i>.</blockquote> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Quote</hw> (kw&omacr;t), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp. & p. p.</i></pos> <u>Quoted</u>; <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos> <u>Quoting</u>.] [OF. <i>quoter</i>, F. <i>coter</i> to letter, number, to quote, LL. <i>quotare</i> to divide into chapters and verses, fr. L. <i>quotus</i>. See <u>Quota</u>.] [Formerly written also <i>cote</i>.] <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>To cite, as a passage from some author; to name, repeat, or adduce, as a passage from an author or speaker, by way of authority or illustration; as, to <i>quote</i> a passage from Homer.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>To cite a passage from; to name as the authority for a statement or an opinion; as, to <i>quote</i> Shakespeare.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>3.</b></sn> <i>(Com.)</i> <def>To name the current price of.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>4.</b></sn> <def>To notice; to observe; to examine.</def> [Obs.] <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><sn><b>5.</b></sn> <def>To set down, as in writing.</def> [Obs.] "He's <i>quoted</i> for a most perfidious slave." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><b>Syn.</b> — To cite; name; adduce; repeat. — <u>Quote</u>, <u>Cite</u>. To <i>cite</i> was originally to call into court as a witness, etc., and hence denotes bringing forward any thing or person as evidence. <i>Quote</i> usually signifies to reproduce another's words; it is also used to indicate an appeal to some one as an authority, without adducing his exact words.</p>

<p><hw>Quote</hw> (kw&omacr;t), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A note upon an author.</def> [Obs.] <i>Cotgrave.</i></p>

<p><hw>Quot"er</hw> (-&etilde;r), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>One who quotes the words of another.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quoth</hw> (kw&omacr;th or kw&ubreve;th), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [AS. <i>cwe&eth;an</i>, imp. <i>cw&aelig;&eth;</i>, pl. <i>cw&aemacr;don</i>; akin to OS. <i>que&eth;an</i>, OHG. <i>quethan</i>, <i>quedan</i>, Icel. <i>kve&eth;a</i>, Goth. <i>qi&thorn;an</i>. &radic;22. Cf. <u>Bequeath</u>.] <def>Said; spoke; uttered; — used only in the first and third persons in the past tenses, and always followed by its nominative, the word or words said being the object: as, <i>quoth I</i>, <i>quoth he</i>.</def> "Let me not live, <i>quoth</i> he." <i>Shak.</i></p>

<p><hw>Quoth"a</hw> (-&adot;), <pos><i>interj.</i></pos> [For <i>quoth 'a</i> said he, <i>'a</i> being corrupted from <i>he</i>.] <def>Indeed; forsooth.</def></p>

<p><blockquote>To affront the blessed hillside drabs and thieves<BR> With mended morals, <i>quotha</i>, — fine new lives !</blockquote> <i>Mrs. Browning.</i></p>

<p><hw>Quo*tid"i*an</hw> (kw&osl;*t&ibreve;d"&ibreve;*<i>a</i>n), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [OE. <i>cotidian</i>, L. <i>quotidianus</i>, fr. <i>quotidie</i> daily; <i>quotus</i> how many + <i>dies</i> day: cf. OF. <i>cotidien</i>, F. <i>quotidien</i>. See <u>Quota</u>, <u>Deity</u>.] <def>Occurring or returning daily; as, a <i>quotidian</i> fever.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quo*tid"i*an</hw> (kw&osl;*t&ibreve;d"&ibreve;*<i>a</i>n), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Anything returning daily; especially <i>(Med.)</i>, an intermittent fever or ague which returns every day.</def> <i>Milton.</i></p>

<p><hw>Quo"tient</hw> (kw&omacr;"sh<i>e</i>nt), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., fr. L. <i>quoties</i> how often, how many times, fr. <i>quot</i> how many. See <u>Quota</u>.]</p>

<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Arith.)</i> <def>The number resulting from the division of one number by another, and showing how often a less number is contained in a greater; thus, the <i>quotient</i> of twelve divided by four is three.</def></p>

<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <i>(Higher Alg.)</i> <def>The result of any process inverse to multiplication. See the Note under <u>Multiplication</u>.</def></p>

<p><hw>Quo*ti"e*ty</hw> (kw&osl;*t&imacr;"&esl;*t&ybreve;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L. <i>quotus</i> of what number, <i>quot</i> how many.] <i>(Scholastic Philos.)</i> <def>The relation of an object to number.</def> <i>Krauth-Fleming.</i></p>

<p><hw>Quo"tum</hw> (kw&omacr;"t&ubreve;m), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. L. <i>quotus</i> of what number. See <u>Quota</u>.] <def>Part or proportion; quota.</def> [R.] "A very small <i>quotum</i>." <i>Max M&uuml;ller.</i></p>

<p><hw>||Quo` war*ran"to</hw> (kw&omacr;` w&obreve;r*r&abreve;n"t&osl;). [So called from the Law L. words <i>quo warranto</i> (by what authority), in the original Latin form of the writ. See <u>Which</u>, and <u>Warrant</u>.] <i>(Law)</i> <def>A writ brought before a proper tribunal, to inquire by what warrant a person or a corporation acts, or exercises certain powers.</def> <i>Blackstone.</i></p>

<p>&fist; An information in the nature of a <i>quo warranto</i> is now common as a substitute for the writ. <i>Wharton.</i> </p>

<p><hw>Qu*ran"</hw> (k&usd;*r&auml;n"), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Koran</u>.</def></p>